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ISTORIA STATULUII DREPTULUI ROMNESC

- suport de curs

Conf.dr. Cristian

Sandache

I. EVUL MEDIU.

a) Izvoarele Dreptului feudal scris

Secolul al XV-lea consemneaz n Molo!a o "#a!$l % ca#e con$nea le&$'$zan($ne $m"e#$ale% c$!$le $ '$se#$ce($. Nu e#a o "#ouc $e o#$&$nal% c$ o (#auce#e#eal$za( n l$m'a sla!% u")S*n(a&ma+ ,/0 1u#$s(ulu$ '$zan($n Ma(e$ Vlas(a#es. Al(e"#a!$le cunoscu(e2 cea sc#$s e c(#e cluul Dam$an , Ia $-34/05 "#a!$la ela6$se#$can$ ,/705 Neam ,//805 Pu(na ,/90% e(c. La S$&:e(ul Ma#ma$e$ s-au

esco"e#$( ;#a&men(e $n(#-o "#a!$l'$se#$ceasc% ($"#$( n #om


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Cons(an($n Isau#$anul. Al("a#(e a con$nu(ulu$ aces(e$ "#a!$le se #e;e#ea la el$c(e $c#$me cu ca#ac(e# "enal ,sualma% ;u#(ul% uc$e#ea% '$&am$a% ;als$;$ca#ea e 'an$% e(c0.Aceas("a#(e e#a (#aus u" P#os"e# Ba#$nacc$% un $m"o#(an( 1u#$s( $(al$an% cons($(u$nas(;el "#$ma $n;luen occ$en(al e>e#c$(a( la no$ n omen$ul $z!oa#elo# sc#$se ale#e"(ulu$. P#a!$la lu$ Vas$le Lu"u a ;os( u($l$za'$l"


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l$m$(a "e alocu#$ #e"(ul e 1ueca( al su!e#anulu$% el ne"u(em"lu% $s"une emo$$le 'o$e#e($% ec


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1uec(o#ulu$ un$c% cu e>ce"$a% "e e o "a#(e% a s;a(ulu$ omnesc% $a# "e e al( "a#(e a1us($$e$ comunale% s"ec$;$cT#ans$l!an$e$.

n T#ans$l!an$a% s;a(ul o#enesc e#a alc(u$( $n 1uele o#aulu$$ aseso#$ ale$.N$c$oa(% omn$(o#ul nu a nce(a( s -$ e>e#c$(e n mo "e#sonal a(#$'u $$le sale1uec(o#e($. o(#


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Du" am$n$s(#a#ea "#o'elo# $ a con(#a"#o'elo# ce#u(e e " #$% se ez'(ea"#ocesul n ;on% "#$le "u(


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co1u#(o#$$ s$ n sens con(#a# "#$me$ le&$% :o(#"#es$a e a "ee"s$ )cu


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($s(au 'o$e#$ ma#$$ m$c$% e cu#(e$ ea#% cu$ ;##e&(o#$$.

O s$(ua$e oa#ecum analoa&o a!eau #e"#ezen(an$$ cle#ulu$% n s"ec$al cle#ul nal(%aces(a $n u#m 1uc(#em e $m"o#(an(% "#$m$$ ($u(o#$ e ca#(e "#o!en$n $n #


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S(#$n$$ a!eau un #e&$m 1u#$$c (ole#an(% n "#$mul #


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am$n$s(#a($!$ 1u#$$c. )Aezman#uMa!#oco#a( a $n$$a( a"a#$$a )So'o#n$cesculu$ :#$so!+% ca#e cu"#$nea $s"oz$$$ e #e"(c$!$l.

Cel ma$ #e"#ezen(a($! co e le&$ al "e#$oae$ ;ana#$o(e a ;os( Coul lu$ Sca#la(Call$mac:$% a"#u( la Ia$% ,l$m'a eac0% n "a(#u !olume% n $n(e#!alul 9=-98.m"#umu(a mas$! "asa1e $n Coul C$!$l aus(#$ac% cu m$c$ mo$;$c #$ "a#$ale% a#$ $n(e>(e 1u#$$ce '$zan($ne. S-a a"l$ca( nce"


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III. RE?ULAMENTELE OR?ANICE

n "e#$oaa 979-93% Molo!a $a#a Rom


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le&$u$(oa#e. El "u(ea #e;uza sanc$unea ;# s-$ mo($!eze &es(ul. Numa$ "#$n sanc $une"#o$ec(ele e le&e !o(a(e e O'$c$nu$(a o' (easc Auna#e c"(au "u(e#e e le&e.nc:$e#ea sau $zol!a#ea Aun#$lo#% n caz e (ul'u##$ a!e se "u(ea ;ace e c (#eomn$(o#% cu a!$zul "#eala'$l al Rus$e$ ,n cal$(a(ea sa e "u(e#e "#o(ec(oa#e0 $ alIm"e#$ulu$ O(oman ,n cal$(a(e e "u(e#e suze#an 0. Aun#$le e#au o'l$&a(e% n le&$le "e

ca#e le conce"eau% s #es"ec(e !ec:$le "#$!$le&$$% n caz con(#a#% aces(e le&$ ne"u("#es$e a !o$ne$ omne($ c$ !o$n a Aun#$$$ aomn$(o#ulu$. Bunc$a e>ecu($!a!ea o o#&an$za#e$ un con$nu( "#ec$s e(e#m$na(e% "#$n$n(e#me$ul no#melo# cons($(u $onale "#e!zu(e n Re&ulamen(ele O#&an$ce. O#&an$za#ea;unc$e$ 1uec(o#e($ e#a "#ec$za($ esc#$s n c:$" nuana( n Re&ulamen(ele O#&an$ce.P#$n $n(e#me$ul lo&o;(ulu$ #e"($$% ca#e !e&:ea asu"#a a"l$c #$$ le&$$ $ asu"#aac($!$($$ ma&$s(#a$lo# se ;cea cone>$unea $n(#e omn$(o# $ o#&anele 1uec (o#e($.P#n(#u "#$ma a( n s"a$ul #om


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se o!eeau ca"a'$l$% e#au men$nu$ ma$ e"a#(e. S-au s(a'$l$( cu a"#o>$ma $e !en$(u#$le$ c:el(u$el$le s(a(ulu$. 6u&e(ul anual se alc (u$a e c (#e &u!e#n$ se su"unea Aun#$$O'(e($% cu"#$nz


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Un ac( $m"o#(an( al lu$ Cuza $ Fo&ln$ceanu l-a cons($(u$( secula#$za#ea a!e#$lo#mns($#e($% "#$n ca#e au $n(#a( n "a(#$mon$ul s(a(ulu$ #om


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Ce#ce(a#ea ma(e#n$($$ e#a n sc:$m' am$s% co"$lul ca#e-$ #eclama mama ;$$n a(o# s o!eeasccel es(e acela$ co"$l "e ca#e ea l-a nscu(.

Coul c$!$l #e&lemen(a $ns($(u $a (u(ele$ m$no#$lo#$ a "e#soanelo# ma1o#e al$ena(em$n(al. Tu(o#ele a!ea o'l$&a $a s n$1easce "e#soana m$no#ulu$ sau a celu$ $nca"a'$ls-$ am$n$s(#eze 'unu#$le% #s"unz


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P#e!ee#$le Coulu$ "enal au a!u( un ca#ac(e# moe#n% e(e#m$n


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V.TRANSILVANIA SU6 RE?IMUL DUALIST AUSTRO-UN?AR ,9=8-490

ASPECTE SOCIALEI LE?ISLATIVE

Ane>a#ea T#ans$l!an$e$ la Re&a(ul Un&a#$e$ a consemna( nce"u(ul une$ lun&$ se#$$ eac$un$ ezna$onal$za(oa#e% an($#oma(la 9 an$% a(


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Anul 99 a $m"us n "#$m "lan o nou le&e ca#e u#m#ea s lo!easc n au(on$m$a'$se#$c$lo# #omeaz "#$n le&e$ con;es$un$le e#au o'l$&a(e s-lac:$(e n!(o#$lo# #es"ec($!$. n cazul n ca#e sus $n(o#$$ col$$ nu "u(eau ac:$(an!(o#$lo# sala#$ul m$n$m% sala#$$le se n(#e&eau "#$n a1u(o#ul s(a(ulu$.

A"a#en( ;a!o#a'$l n!(o#$lo#% le&e$n(ea e ;a"( n al("a#(e. Ea "#ec$za cacsus$n(o#$$ le&al$ a$col$$ nu sol$c$(au a1u(o# ela s(a($ nu "l(eau sala#$$le le&ale% e$"$e#eau #e"(ul e a ma$ sus$necol$. A1u(o#ul e s(a( se aco#a numa$ n!(o#$lo# ca#e($au ssc#$e$ s!o#'easc l$m'a ma&:$a#$ e"usese#1u#m


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VI. CONSTITUIA DELA 9==

Cons($(u$a ela 9==% ac(ul ;unamen(al al Romecu($!% le&$sla($!% 1uec(o#easc5 mona#:$ae#e$(a# n "e#soana lu$ Ca#ol I$ a mo(en$(o#$lo# s$. n ;o#ma sa ;$nal% Cons($(u$a $n9== e#a alc(u$($n e a#($cole.

Pen(#u a "une Pu(e#$le &a#an(e n ;aa unu$ ;a"( m"l$n$(% le&$u$(o#$$ ela 9== aunsc#$s n Cons($(u$e% n "#$mele a#($cole% "#$nc$"$ul "o(#$!$( c#u$a s(a(ul es(e $n$!$z$'$l$$nal$ena'$l% enum$#ea o;$c$al ;$$n cea e Rom


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;unc$a# e cel "u$n @@ &al'en$%$ al(ul u#'an% une co#"ul elec(o#al e#a ;o#ma( $n"e#soane ca#e "oseau o a!e#e $mo'$l$a#e ". n l$"s e u#ma$ $#ec$ n l$n$e ' #'(easc se s(a'$lea c succes$unea(#onulu$ se cu!enea celu$ ma$ n !


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VII. SOCIETATEI LE?ISLAIEN ROMNIA,989-480

Du" Rz'o$ul e Ine"enen $ "#oclama#ea #e&a(ulu$ ,990% ce#e#$le e #e!$zu$#e aCons($(u$e$% ca#e s-au ;cu( auz$(e nc ela ao"(a#ea e$% au e!en$( ma$ $ns$s(en(e.P#$nc$"ala !$za( e#a le&ea elec(o#al % cons$e#a( e c#$($c$$ e$ #e"( ne#ea"( $neemoc#a($c. La # e@H la $m"o#(u#$le $n acele#$ ca#e a"l$cau o su"#a(a>s$m$la# la "#ousele #om


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conce"$a econom$c a &


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Su' "#es$unea ma#$lo# mu(a$$ soc$al-"ol$($ce e(e#m$na(e e $z'ucn$#ea P#$mulu$Rz'o$ Mon$al% #e&ele Be#$nan I ,ne"o(ul $ succeso#ul lu$ Ca#ol I ecea( n 430 aa( o "#oclama$e c(#e (#u"ele sale "#om$


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Se $m"unea o #e!$zu$#e $ "en(#u a "une e aco# !ec:$le (e>(e cons($(u $onale cu"#$nc$"$$le no$ ale !o(ulu$ un$!e#sal "#e!zu(e e a#($colele /8$ =8$ mo$;$ca(e n 48.T#e'u$au lua(e n $scu $e no$le "#o'leme $!$(e% le&a(e e as$&u#a#ea #e"(u#$lo#m$no#$($lo# na$onale $ ale con;es$un$lo# #el$&$oase. P#$n ec#e(ele-le&$ $n 74ecem'#$e 49$ 77 ma$ 44% "#ecum $ $n 7 au&us( 44 "#$!$(oa#e la nce(en$#ea

e!#e$lo# $n Vec:$ul Re&a(% s-a mo$;$ca( ,e c (#e &u!e#n0 (e>(ul a#($colulu$ 8 $nCons($(u$e aa cum ;usese ;o#mula( n 984. P#$nc$"alele "a#($e "ol$($ce ale !#em$$ s-au$m"l$ca( ac($! "e ma#&$nea aces(u$ su'$ec( soco($( esen$al "en(#u !$$(o#ul "ol$($c al s(a(ulu$#om


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#e"#ez$n( un num# e "es(e 7@.@@@ e c#e$nc$o$% "#ecum$ #e"#ezen(an(ul su"e#$o##el$&$os al musulman$lo# $n Vec:$ul Re&a(5 "#ee$n(ele Acaem$e$ Rom(e#ne%M$n$s(e#ul e B$nane% M$n$s(e#ul e us($$e% M$n$s(e#ul Ins(#uc$un$$ Pu'l$ce$ a Cul(elo#%M$n$s(e#ul A#ma(e$% M$n$s(e#ul A$cul(u#$$ $ Domen$$lo#% M$n$s(e#ul Inus(#$e$ $

Come#ulu$% M$n$s(e#ul Munc$$% Sn($$$ Oc#o($#$lo# Soc$ale. La numa$ 7 an$ ns%u" ao"(a#ea le&$$ $n 7 au&us( 474 s-a a1uns la o u'la#e a num #ulu$ e m$n$ (#$$sec#e(a#$ e s(a(.

Pen(#u n(#e&ul s(a( e>$s(a o s$n&u#Cu#(e e Casa$e$ us($$e% a!


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"ol$($ce. Le&ea "e#soanelo# 1u#$$ce "#omul&a( la = ;e'#ua#$e 473 s(a'$lea c (oa(easoc$a$$le (#e'u$au s se nsc#$e la (#$'unal. V$a'$l$(a(ea lo# n sens le&al e#a e(e#m$na( e a!$zul M$n$s(e#ulu$ Pu'l$c.

Bunc$ona#ea mecan$smulu$ emoc#a($c s(a'$l$( "#$n Cons($(u $a $n 47 s-ao!e$( a ;$ com"le>$ $;$c$l.$ u"49 s-a men$nu( "#ac($ca $ns($(u$(e Ca#ol I%

ca #e&ele s numeasc &u!e#nul% u" ca#e u#ma $zol!a#ea co#"u#$lo# le&$u$(oa#e $o#&an$za#ea e no$ ale&e#$ "a#lamen(a#e. As(;el% se $n!e#sau #a"o#(u#$le $n(#e "u(e#eae>ecu($! $ cea le&$sla($!% &u!e#nul nema$;$$n e>"#es$a Pa#lamen(ulu$ % c$ $n!e#s.Elemen(ul su'$ec($! a ac$ona( ;#ec!en( n sc:$m'a#ea &u!e#nelo#- a(


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e a-$ e>($ne &os"o#$$le$ a se c#ea as(;el o "(u#e "#o"#$e(a#$ ca#e scons($(u$e unec:$!alen( #u#al al "(u#$$ e m$1loc n cu#s e c#$s(al$za#e n me$ul u#'an. Unele a!an(a1e#es(#


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n(#-un c$clu e con;e#$n e #a$o;on$ce sus$nu(e n cu#sul anulu$ 49% An#e$Rulescu% "#o;eso# un$!e#s$(a#% mem'#u al Acaem$e$ Rom


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La $anua#$e 49% &u!e#nul$-a anuna( $n(en$a e a #eanal$za s(a(u(ul 1u#$$c al"o"ula$e$ e!#e$e($ $n Rom(#em e com"le> $ c #e!$zu$#ea n s$ne% ;cu( cu (oa(e &a#an$$le e

"#o'$(a(e ,e "#e;e#$n% c (#e ma&$s(#a $0 es(e o s$m"l msu# e "ol$ $e$ s$&u#an$n(e#n% am$s n mo cons(an( e #e"(ul $n(e#na$onal. n consec$n % ea n-a# ;$ (#e'u$(cons$e#a( )n$c$ ca un ac( neomenos% n$c$ ca o $n;#ac $une% n sensul (#a(a(ulu$m$no#$($lo#+. El "#o"unea o am"l ac$une e lmu#$#e$ c( 1u#$$c.

Real$($le #om


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necesa#. A"elem"le $n ocumen(e ale ;eual$smulu$% m$n$s(#ul e#a e"#e#e ca e>$s(a(% u"49% o !e#$(a'$l $n!az$e e elemen(e alo&ene e!#e$e ($% ca#e a#;$ "us #ealmen(e n "e#$col $en($(a(ea na$onal#oma&e#a% ac am "une semnul e&al$($$ n(#e le&$sla$aan($sem$( ce nce"use s se c#$s(al$zeze a(unc$ n Rom


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XI. RE?IMUL ANTONESCIAN

ASPECTE LE?ISLATIVE

La 3 se"(em'#$e 43@% Rom


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n con;o#m$(a(e cu a#($colul $n ec#e(ul-le&e n#.9/@ $n 7@ no$em'#$e 43@)au(o#$za$un$le "en(#u ;unc $ona#ea sl$lo# e c$nema(oa;$ caselo# e ;$lme% aco#a(ee!#e$lo# sau soc$e($lo# n ca#e ace($a sun( $n(e#esa$ su' o#$ce ($(lu% se #e(#a&+.

S$(ua$a "e#sonalulu$ e!#e$esc $n n(#e"#$ne#$ ; cea o'$ec(ul ec#e(ulu$-le&enum#ul 97/ $n = no$em'#$e 43@. A#($colele $ 7 "#ec$zau2

)A#(.- Toa(e n(#e"#$ne#$le c$!$le sau come#c$ale% e o#$ce na(u# % a"a#$nele m$l$(a#e

s(a(o#n$c$(e "#$n le&$% cum $ e a "#es(a munc$ e $n(e#es o' (esc% "o(#$!$( ne!o$lo#S(a(ulu$+.Dec#e(ul-le&e n#.38% "u'l$ca( n Mon$(o#ul O;$c$al $n / oc(om'#$e 43@

"#econ$za $n(e#z$ce#ea #e"(ulu$ e!#e$lo# e a )s( "


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le&$ona#$lo# ela "u(e#e$ $m"l$c$(% o su#ss$m'ol$ce 1us($;$ca#e a #olulu$ a!u( n s(a( ec(#e Ion An(onescu nsu $. nc $n 7/ ;e'#ua#$e 43% Ion An(onescu a#esase uncomun$ca(-"#e&($(o# "en(#u o"$n$a "u'l$c . Beme$lo#$ e(n$c$lo# e!#e$ l$ s-a $n(e#z$s"a#($c$"a#ea la #e;e#enum. Re;e#enumul a ;os( "#e& ($( cu m$nu $oz$(a(e e c (#eau(o#$($% $ns$s(


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