Spatii inchiseStudiu de caz: Gazul invizibil11016915 2003Curs P O W E R P O I N T

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Despre spatii inchise65 accidente mortale anual6,000 raniri grave anualDimensiuni corespunzatoare pentru accesMijloace necorespunzatoare de intrare/iesireNu sunt concepute pentru a fi ocupate in permanenta de oameni

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Sa privim fapteleDoi angajati sosesc la groapa de ciment din locatia de demolareLa descoperireagropii, angajatii resimt o senzatie de arsura la nivelul ochilor

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Sa privim faptele (cont.)Angajatul #1 coboara in groapa pentru investigatii

Angajatul #1 urca inapoi, sustine ca temperatura in groapa este ridicata

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Sa privim faptele (cont.)Ambii angajati intra in groapa, cu un furtun de apaAu dificultati de respiratie si senzatie de arsura la nivelul ochilorAngajatul #2 se retrage iar Angajatul #1 cade in in groapa, pierzandu-si cunostinta

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Sa privim faptele (cont.)Angajatul #2 nu il poate scoate din groapape Angajatul #1Incendiu in groapa in ziua precedentaFoc mocnit si acumulare de monoxid de carbon

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Ce credeti ca a mers prost?Care sunt riscurile legate de spatiile inchise?Au fost muncitorii pregatiti corespunzator pentru intrarea in spatii inchise?Ce tip de monitorizare ar trebui efectuata inainte de a intra intr-un spatiu inchis?Accesul in spatiu inchis respectiv se facea pe baza de permis?Exista echipament de salvare din spatii inchise?

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Sa analizam cauzeleNu au existat instructiuni privind intrarea in spatiile inchisePosibila lipsa de pregatire a angajatilorAngajatii au ignorat steagurile rosiiLipsa permisului de intrare in spatiul inchisLipsa monitorizarii de siguranta aeruluiLipsa echipamentului si a procedurilor de salvare

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Permise de acces in spatiile inchiseIdentificarea spatiuluiData, scop, durata Personal de acces, asistenti si supraveghetor de intrareRiscurile spatiului respectivRezultatele monitorizarii aerului Echipament de utilizat in spatiulrespectivServicii si proceduri de salvare

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Salvarea din spatii inchiseEste interzisa actiunea de salvare daca nu faceti parte dintr-o echipa cu pregatirea necesaraLa intrarea in spatiul inchis purtati hamuri completeTineti cablul de retragere atasat de hamuri

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Salvarea din spatii inchise (cont.)Informati echipa de salvare privind accesul intr-un spatiu inchisEfectuati exercitii de salvare in spatii inchise

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Nu lasati sa vi se intample acelasi lucruNu intrati niciodata intr-un spatiu inchis fara pregatirea necesaraAsigurati-va ca permisul este complet inainte de intrareCunoateti riscurile pe care le presupune un spatiu inchisVerificati compozitia aerului inainte de intrarePurtati Echipamentul Individual de Protectie si salvareParasiti spatiul daca observati simptome

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Test1.Concentratia sigura de oxigen este intre __________% si __________%.2.Numiti doua riscuri obisnuite legate de spatiile inchise.3.Pregatirea in clasa este suficienta pentru personalul de salvare din spatii inchise. Adevarat sau Fals4.Ce trebuie sa faca o persoana care intra intr-un spatiu inchis daca observa simptome de lipsa a oxigenului?

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Test (cont.)5.Ce masuri trebuie luate pentru elimina riscul de intrare intr-o atmosfera periculoasa?6.Ce trebuie sa poarte personalul care intra in spatiul in chis pentru a inlesni operatiunea de salvare?7.Unde trebuie afisat permisul completat?8.Cand trebuie efectuata monitorizarea aerului?

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Raspunsuri1.I. Concentratia sigura de oxigen este intre __________% si __________%. R.Oxygen concentration between 19.5% and 23.5%2.I. Numiti doua riscuri obisnuite legate de spatiile inchise. R.Atmosfera periculoasa, strivire, blocare, cadere3.I.Pregatirea in clasa este suficienta pentru personalul de salvare din spatii inchise. Adevarat sau Fals R.Fals, pregatirea personalului de salvare trebuie sa includa exercitii regulate in spatii inchise propriu-zise

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Raspunsuri (cont.)4.I. Ce trebuie sa faca o persoana care intra intr-un spatiu inchis daca observa simptome de lipsa a oxigenului? R.Sa evacueze imediat spatiul5.I.Ce masuri trebuie luate pentru elimina riscul de intrare intr-o atmosfera periculoasa? R.Asigurarea ventilatiei6.I. Ce trebuie sa poarte personalul care intra in spatiul in chis pentru a inlesni operatiunea de salvare? R.Hamuri complete atasate la un cablu de salvare

11016915 2003 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Raspunsuri (cont.)7.I.Unde trebuie afisat permisul completat? R.La intrarea in spatiul inchis8.I.Cand trebuie efectuata monitorizarea aerului? R.Inainte de intrare si periodic in timpul intrarii

Public tinta: Prezenta sesiune se adreseaza muncitorilor antrenati sa intre in spatii inchise, insotitorilor in astfel de spatii, si personalului de salvare din spatii inchise. Sesiunea este de asemenea recomandata ca instructaj preventit pentru orice muncitor la al carui loc de munca se afla si spatii inchise, chiar daca acestia nu au in mod normal motive sa intre in respectivele spatii inchise. Probabil prezenta sesiune nu este potrivita pentru muncitorii la al caror loc de munca nu exista spatii inchise.Obiective de invatare: Prezentul caz si mesajul instructiv al acestuia se refera in principal la intrarea in spatii inchise si riscurile reprezentate de gaze ascunse. Cazul poate fi utilizat ca parte dintr-o sesiune completa de instructaj privind spatiile inchise, sau poate functiona ca instructaj recapitulativ.Elemente de baza pentru Instructor:Prezenta sesiune de instructie prezinta un studiu de caz al unui accident real, care a fost inspectat si documentat de catre Administratia de Siguranta si Sanatate a Muncii (OSHA). Cazul prezentat in sesiunea de instruire este:Accident: 170632541Cod Raport: 0950644Inspectie: 119766806Puteti prezenta informatiile de instruire sub forma de curs, sau puteti face prezentarea interactiva prin angajarea de discutii cu cursantii, prin care vor identifica factorii cazului, cauzele potentiale ale accidentului, si viitoare masuri de prevenire a accidentelor. In ambele cazuri cursantilor le va fi util sa invete dintr-un caz real.Inainte de a incepe sesiunea de intructaj, printati si faceti copii cu Sumarul de o pagina al Studiului de Caz pentru Cursant, care este furnizat pe disc. Sumarul Studiului de Caz pentru Cursant poate fi utilizat ca fisa de lucru in timpul sesiunii de instructaj sau poate avea functie de fixare a cunostintelor dupa finalizarea sesiunii de instructaj.Se asemenea printati si copiati Testul privind Studiul de Caz, furnizat pe disc in format Work, complet personalizabil. Cursantii pot completa testul la sfarsitul sesiunii de instructaj, in vederea fixarii informatiilor prezentate. Veti observa ca acelasi test este inclus la sfarsitul prezentarii PowerPoint, sub forma de slide-uri care vor fi analizate in timpul cursului.Luati in considerare fotografierea de muncitori care intra in spatii inchise chiar la locul dvs de munca. Puteti adauga aceste fotografii in prezentare, introducandu-le in slide-uri existente sau creand noi slide-uri.Asigurati-va ca pe in timpul prezentarii cursantii inteleg mesajul. Puneti periodic intrebari pentru a le testa intelegerea.Notele vorbitorului:Bine ati venit. Astazi vom efectua un studiu de caz al unui accident real, care a fost investigat de catre Administratia de Siguranta si Sanatate a Muncii (OSHA). Este vorba despre un tragic accident de munca, accident cu consecinte reale asupra muncitorului, a familiei acestuia, si a angajatorului. Studiul de Caz poate fi deranjant si poate chiar implica pierderi de vieti omenesti.Scopul acestei sesiuni de pregatire este de a invata si intari importanta respectarii procedurilor de intrare in spatii inchise la locul dvs de munca, pentru a preveni accidentele tragice. In special, prezentarea se refera la metode de verificare a spatiilor inchise pentru a identifica potentialele pericole. Intentia este de a invata din accidentul prezentat si de a lua masurile necesare pentru a impiedica un astfel de accident sa ne schimbe dramatic viata.Background for the Trainer:Bring your companys written Confined Space Entry Plan and Procedures for employees to review or discuss.

Speakers Notes:Each year there are about 65 fatalities related to working in confined spaces.About 6,000 serious injuries requiring days away from work occur each year. Another 6,000 non-lost-workday injuries occur in confined spaces each year.OSHA defines a confined space as any space that meets all three of the following criteria:The space is of a size and configuration sufficient for a person to enter and perform work. Access might be obtained through a number of means, such as doors, hatches, manholes, access panels, ladders, etc.The space has limited or restricted means for entry and exit. Not all confined spaces have restricted means of entry or exit. Pits, tanks, or vats can have open tops, which means entry is not restricted; however, entry and exit are limited because a ladder or other special equipment is required to enter the space. The space is not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy. Examples of confined spaces include: tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, boilers, furnaces, sewers, and utility tunnels.

Background for the Trainer:Training Option: Pass out the Case Study Student Handout. You may have the students read the accident description to themselves before discussing it in the class, or you may use the bullet points on the slide and the speakers notes below to describe the accident.

Speakers Notes:The employees arrive at the demolition site where they have been working to salvage the bottom part of a cardboard baler imbedded in a concrete pit.When the employees uncover the pit, they both feel a burning sensation in their eyes.

Speakers Notes:Employee #1 climbs down into the pit to determine what might be causing their eyes to burn.Employee #1 climbs out of the pit because it is hot. He wants to put a water hose into the pit to help cool it down.Speakers Notes:Both employees climb down into the pit with the water hose.Both employees experience chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and burning eyes.The employees decide to exit the pit because of the intolerable conditions. Employee #2 climbs out first.As Employee #1 is climbing the ladder to get out, he is overcome by the fumes and falls back into the pit. He lands on his back, unconscious.Speakers Notes:The employees decide to exit the pit because of the intolerable conditions. Employee #2 climbs out first.Employee #2 climbs down into the pit in an attempt to rescue employee #1, but is unable to lift him. Employee #2 exits the pit in order to get help.During the investigation, it was discovered that employee #1 had attempted to extinguish a small cutting torch fire the day before by covering it with sand and dirt.Apparently the fire was not extinguished and smoldered overnight, which resulted in a build up of carbon monoxide inside the pit.Background for the Trainer:Use the questions on this slide to elicit discussion. Training options: After reviewing this slide and the accident description, give the class 5 to 10 minutes to discuss the accident description in small groups; or ask the students to try to determine some of the facts, potential causes, and possible prevention measures. In either case, use the Case Study Student Handout to encourage discussion as you go through this presentation.

Speakers Notes:Lets take a few minutes and, using the Case Study Student Handout, work in groups to try to determine the facts of the accident, potential causes of the accident, and possible prevention measures. Then we will review the Case Study together in class.Consider some of the questions on this slide when discussing the Case Study in your groups.

Background for the Trainer:Try to get the trainees to put themselves in the place of the person in the case study. What would they have done in this case? Point out how a near miss can turn into a catastrophe in the presence of emergencies. In this case, the workers probably were unaware of confined space hazards and just wanted to get into the pit and get their job done so they ignored the warning sign of the burning eye sensation. What would have been a near miss if both employees had heeded the warning sign and stayed out of the tank instead cost a worker his life.Speakers Notes: Employers that have confined spaces on-site or require employees to enter confined spaces must have a written Confined Space Entry Plan and Procedures . This written program will include: identification and marking of all confined spaces, hazards of confined spaces, atmosphere monitoring procedures, ventilation plans, entrant and attendant training and responsibilities, rescue plans, safe work practices for jobs done in confined spaces, procedures for completing confined space permits, list of equipment needed to enter confined spaces, specific hazards and entry procedures for each confined space, etc.There is no indication on the accident report that the employees were trained as authorized entrants of confined spaces. If they did receive any confined space entry training, they did not apply any of the training. Authorized entrants are trained on the hazards of confined spaces, air testing procedures, symptoms of lack of oxygen or exposure to toxic chemicals, personal protective equipment (PPE), communication equipment, rescue retrieval equipment, etc.These employees entered the space despite experiencing red flags, such burning eyes. An important part of training for confined space workers includes learning the signs and symptoms of a lack of oxygen or exposure to toxic chemicals. Workers should never enter a space, and should immediately leave a space, in which they experience symptoms of lack of oxygen or overexposure to toxic chemicals. Most confined spaces require a permit before workers can enter the space. Permit-required confined spaces have the potential for hazards such as: hazardous atmospheres, engulfment, entrapment, falls, heat, combustibility, etc. By completing a permit, entrants know they have obtained all the necessary equipment and the atmosphere has been monitored so they know the space is safe to enter.This worker died of asphyxiation, or lack of oxygen. If the pit had been monitored prior to entry, this accident would not have occurred. Common monitoring practices require a check of the oxygen concentration, a check for flammable gases or vapors (especially important if welding is going to be done in the space), and finally, a check for any other toxic chemicals known to potentially be in the space. Monitoring is conducted before entering the space and periodically while workers are in the space.The worker that collapsed back into the pit while climbing out could not be rescued because he was not wearing required rescue equipment. He should have been wearing a full-body harness attached to a retrieval line that was connected to a winch-type system that could have been used to pull the unconscious worker out of the pit. Of course, the other employee would have had to have been trained in confined space rescue procedures.Can you think of any other causes that may have contributed to this accident?Background for the Trainer:Bring copies of your companys Confined Space Permits for employees to review and discuss.

Speakers Notes:The confined space permit will identify the specific space that is being entered. The permit must be posted just outside the entrance to the space for all authorized entrants and attendants to review.The permit will include the date, purpose of entry (i.e., specific work being done), and the authorized length of entry. If the work takes longer than expected, a new permit must be completed.The permit will also list all authorized entrants, attendants, and the entry supervisor. The attendant will keep track of which authorized entrants are in the space at all times.The permit will also discuss the hazards of the space, including: atmospheric hazards, entrapment potential, engulfment potential, fall hazards, heat or noise hazards, lockout/tagout procedures that need to be performed, hot work permits for welding in the space, etc.The permit will also show the results of the air monitoring that was conducted so authorized entrants can be assured that the space is safe. If monitoring shows lack of oxygen or a high concentration of flammable vapors or toxic chemicals, then the permit will discuss what is being done to improve the atmosphere of the spacesuch as ventilation. In some cases, workers may be required to enter a space even with hazardous atmospheres, but the permit will tell them what type of respiratory equipment and PPE is needed.The permit will list the equipment that is needed to enter the space, such as: PPE, ladders, lighting, nonsparking tools, ventilation equipment, fire extinguishers, rescue harnesses and retrieval equipment, communication devices, personal air monitoring equipment, etc.The permit will describe rescue procedures as well as how to call the trained confined space rescue team.Background for the Trainer:Bring any written procedures your company has for confined space rescue.Show pictures of your employees conducting a confined space rescue drill.

Speakers Notes: Never attempt to rescue a co-worker unless you are part of a trained rescue team. Employee #2 in this accident was very lucky that he was not overcome by the lack of oxygen in the pithe could easily have been seriously injured as well. Even if you are a trained rescuer, do not attempt the rescue until others from your team have arrived. Always attempt to perform the rescue from outside the space by using a winch or other means to pull the worker out. If you have to enter the space, never rush into the space make sure you are wearing all the appropriate PPE. Help facilitate your own rescue from a space by always wearing appropriate rescue gear, such as a full-body harness. You will be pulled out of a hazardous situation much faster, and your chances of survival will be much greater.Keep the retrieval line attached to your harness at all times. Disconnecting the harness because you feel entangled or uncomfortable is not a safe procedure.Speakers Notes: Inform the rescue team that a space is being entered. Make sure all rescue team employees are aware that you are entering a confined space and they should be ready and available if called upon. Rescuers must be able to respond quickly to a confined space emergency.Rescuers must conduct regular drills in actual confined spaces in the workplace. Rescuers will not be adequately prepared if they receive classroom training only. They must conduct drills in the confined spaces that they may actually have to rescue a victim from. Contracted rescuers must have access to the confined spaces in your facility so they can conduct regular rescue drills.Speakers Notes:Lets take a look at what we can do to prevent a similar incident from happening at our facility. Never enter a confined space unless you are a trained entrant. Know how to recognize confined spaces and avoid them.If you are a trained confined space entrant, make sure the permit is complete and signed off by the entry supervisor before entering the space. When the permit is approved it means the space is safe to enter. The air has been monitored and all necessary work, safety, and rescue equipment has been obtained.Know the hazards of the space before you enter it. What are the atmospheric hazards and symptoms of exposure to those hazards? Is there potential for engulfment? Are all energy sources locked out properly? Are the floors of the space sloped so that you might fall into a small space and become trapped? Are fall hazards present?Monitor the atmosphere. Oxygen must be between 19.5% and 23.5% to be safe. The concentration of flammable vapors must be less than 10% of the chemicals lower flammable limit (LFL). The concentration of specific toxic chemicals in the space must be below the chemicals permissible exposure limit. If monitoring shows the atmosphere is not within these limits, the space must be ventilated or entered with special equipment, such as air-supplied respirators.Wear the appropriate PPE and rescue equipment for the space. Respirators, gloves, hard hat, clothing, boots, and safety glasses are examples of PPE. A full-body harness attached to a winch is an example of rescue equipment.Learn to recognize symptoms of exposure to toxic chemicals that might be in the space or symptoms of a lack of oxygen. Leave the space immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. The attendant is also watching entrants for signs of overexposure and will order an evacuation if an entrant appears to be experiencing symptoms.Are there any questions? Thanks for your attention.

Background for the Trainer:Remind employees that the quiz is to encourage further discussion and to help you, the trainer, be sure that everyone understands what was discussed.Print copies of the quiz for participants to take on their own, or go over the questions as part of the training session.