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De la automatul
celular la Agenti inteligenti
Florin Munteanu
Nuanele raiunii umane pot contribui la raiuneaglobal a umanitii pentru constituirea unui modelontologic care s explice mai corect lumea material is ndrume tiina spre noi explorri i cunoatereriguroas.
BlagaCafeneaua Complexitatii
8 10 2012
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FotoDavid Hall
Proces cognitiv
Descoperirevs. inovare
Natural vs. Artificial
Flux (Streaming) de informatii
(reglare; declansare; diferentiere; feedback;feedbefore;)
Flux de materie si energie
observare
Creatieartefacte
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Ortofizica
energie materie
informatie
ConstiintaUniversala
E=mc2
C1C2
Cj
cn
MihaiDraganescu
DavidChalmer
HumbertoMaturana
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Stiinta Computationala
Domeniu de studiu dedicat intelegerii Naturiiprin abstractizarea principiilor fundamentale
ce guverneaza fenomenul studiat si recreereaacestor dinamicin alte medii - de exemplu celnumeric, specific calculatorului - facndu-le
astfel accesibile unor noi metode experimen-tale de manipulare si testare.
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Un artefact ce provoaca
omenirea: CALCULATORUL
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T(i,j)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=related7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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Metoda relaxarii si automatulcelular ( mai putin decat o introducere doar pentrusurprinderea ideii )
Derivata unei functiifin punctulxse poate aproxima ca raportul
diferentelor finite:
( ) ( ) ( / 2) ( / 2)sau
df f f x x f x f x x f x x
dx x x x
Sa folosim cea de a doua exprimare pentru a evalua derivata a doua
2( / 2) ( / 2)
22( ) ( ) 2 ( )x x x x
df df
dx dxd f d df f x x f x x f xdx dx dx x x
Daca facem asta si pe directia y, si construim o retea patrata(x=y= ),
obtinem aproximatia operatorului lui Laplace
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continuare
2
2
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) 4 ( , )( , )
f x y f x y f x y f x y f x yf x y
operatorul lui Laplace
Ecuatia lui Laplace este echivalenta cu:2 0f
1( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
4f x y f x y f x y f x y f x y
11
( , ) ( 1, ) ( 1, ) ( , 1) ( , 1)4t tf i j f i j f i j f i j f i j
la fiecare iteratie valoarea fiecarei celule esteinlocuita cu media aritmeticaa valorilor vecinilor(pastrand in acelasi timp valorile cerute lafrontiera)
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1
1( , ) ( 1, ) ( 1, ) ( , 1) ( , 1)
4t tf i j f i j f i j f i j f i j
23
20 18
29
T(i,j)=1/4*(23+18+20+29)= 22.5
t
t+1Se copiaza starea t+1 (viitor) inmatricea t (prezent) si se reia operatia
Proces recursiv
Procesul se repeta pentru toate punctele(i,j) determinandu-se astfel starea la
momentul t+1
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Discretizare in spatiu
Retea (patrata, triunghiulara,hexagonala, oarecare)
Fiecare nod al retelei este un punct
de masura (o entitate caracterizatade anumiti parametrii, o celula acarei stare se modifica in timpdependent de starea vecinilor)
Problema frontierei (celule cuproprietati speciale)
Iterare S(i,j)|t+1 =F(S(i-1,j),S(i+1,j),S(i,j-1),S(I,j+1), S(I,j))|t
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Calitativ & Cantitativ
y=F(x)x y
X1= 1.25; F=x^2+0.5 x-1 ; y1= 1.1875X2=2.12; y2= 4.5544
TRUNCHIERE la intreg =>Int(y1)= 1
Int(y2)=4
Definirea unui criteriu de taiere
PAR/ IMPAR; Divizibil cu
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Retea rectangulara de nxm celule
S(k+1)=F(S(k))
q11 q12 q13
q21 q22 q23
q31 q32 q33
Q=
Q={0,1, 0;1,-4,1;0,1,0}
Q={1,4, 1;4,-20,4;1,4,1}
T= Ax+B, unde A=Tdivx (partea intreaga); B=Tmod x (restul)
Daca x=2 (mod 2) => regula de paritate deci S(I,j)|t+1=(1-B(ij))*(S(ij+1))|t
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Q =| 2 1 2 ; 1 0 1 ; 2 1 2|
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 1
2 1 2
1 0 1
2 1 2
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
T=0+0+2*1=2 (PAR)
Regula aleasa daca T este paratunci se activeaza celula tinta ;daca T este impar se inactiveazacelula tinta
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AC- generator de numere
W=S(I,j); W(n)
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MODELARE vs.SIMULARE
AUTO-O
RGANIZARE
EMERG
ENTA
Viata Artificiala
http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/
http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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SimulareDLA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_de
tailpage#t=85s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpage7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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Agenti inteligenti
http://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.html
http://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.htmlhttp://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.html7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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EXEMPLU
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch_1/Efloys/Efloys.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch_1/Efloys/Efloys.html7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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http://www.aridolan.com/http://www.calresco.org/http://alife.org/
http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.html
http://www.aridolan.com/http://www.calresco.org/http://alife.org/http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://alife.org/http://www.calresco.org/http://www.aridolan.com/7/31/2019 Automatul Celular - 1
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Multumesc pentru atentie