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De la automatul

celular la Agenti inteligenti

Florin Munteanu

Nuanele raiunii umane pot contribui la raiuneaglobal a umanitii pentru constituirea unui modelontologic care s explice mai corect lumea material is ndrume tiina spre noi explorri i cunoatereriguroas.

BlagaCafeneaua Complexitatii

8 10 2012

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FotoDavid Hall

Proces cognitiv

Descoperirevs. inovare

Natural vs. Artificial

Flux (Streaming) de informatii

(reglare; declansare; diferentiere; feedback;feedbefore;)

Flux de materie si energie

observare

Creatieartefacte

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Ortofizica

energie materie

informatie

ConstiintaUniversala

E=mc2

C1C2

Cj

cn

MihaiDraganescu

DavidChalmer

HumbertoMaturana

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Stiinta Computationala

Domeniu de studiu dedicat intelegerii Naturiiprin abstractizarea principiilor fundamentale

ce guverneaza fenomenul studiat si recreereaacestor dinamicin alte medii - de exemplu celnumeric, specific calculatorului - facndu-le

astfel accesibile unor noi metode experimen-tale de manipulare si testare.

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Un artefact ce provoaca

omenirea: CALCULATORUL

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T(i,j)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ApSJe4FaLI&feature=related

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Metoda relaxarii si automatulcelular ( mai putin decat o introducere doar pentrusurprinderea ideii )

Derivata unei functiifin punctulxse poate aproxima ca raportul

diferentelor finite:

( ) ( ) ( / 2) ( / 2)sau

df f f x x f x f x x f x x

dx x x x

Sa folosim cea de a doua exprimare pentru a evalua derivata a doua

2( / 2) ( / 2)

22( ) ( ) 2 ( )x x x x

df df

dx dxd f d df f x x f x x f xdx dx dx x x

Daca facem asta si pe directia y, si construim o retea patrata(x=y= ),

obtinem aproximatia operatorului lui Laplace

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continuare

2

2

( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) 4 ( , )( , )

f x y f x y f x y f x y f x yf x y

operatorul lui Laplace

Ecuatia lui Laplace este echivalenta cu:2 0f

1( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )

4f x y f x y f x y f x y f x y

11

( , ) ( 1, ) ( 1, ) ( , 1) ( , 1)4t tf i j f i j f i j f i j f i j

la fiecare iteratie valoarea fiecarei celule esteinlocuita cu media aritmeticaa valorilor vecinilor(pastrand in acelasi timp valorile cerute lafrontiera)

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1

1( , ) ( 1, ) ( 1, ) ( , 1) ( , 1)

4t tf i j f i j f i j f i j f i j

23

20 18

29

T(i,j)=1/4*(23+18+20+29)= 22.5

t

t+1Se copiaza starea t+1 (viitor) inmatricea t (prezent) si se reia operatia

Proces recursiv

Procesul se repeta pentru toate punctele(i,j) determinandu-se astfel starea la

momentul t+1

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Discretizare in spatiu

Retea (patrata, triunghiulara,hexagonala, oarecare)

Fiecare nod al retelei este un punct

de masura (o entitate caracterizatade anumiti parametrii, o celula acarei stare se modifica in timpdependent de starea vecinilor)

Problema frontierei (celule cuproprietati speciale)

Iterare S(i,j)|t+1 =F(S(i-1,j),S(i+1,j),S(i,j-1),S(I,j+1), S(I,j))|t

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Calitativ & Cantitativ

y=F(x)x y

X1= 1.25; F=x^2+0.5 x-1 ; y1= 1.1875X2=2.12; y2= 4.5544

TRUNCHIERE la intreg =>Int(y1)= 1

Int(y2)=4

Definirea unui criteriu de taiere

PAR/ IMPAR; Divizibil cu

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Retea rectangulara de nxm celule

S(k+1)=F(S(k))

q11 q12 q13

q21 q22 q23

q31 q32 q33

Q=

Q={0,1, 0;1,-4,1;0,1,0}

Q={1,4, 1;4,-20,4;1,4,1}

T= Ax+B, unde A=Tdivx (partea intreaga); B=Tmod x (restul)

Daca x=2 (mod 2) => regula de paritate deci S(I,j)|t+1=(1-B(ij))*(S(ij+1))|t

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Q =| 2 1 2 ; 1 0 1 ; 2 1 2|

0 0 0

0 0

0 0 1

2 1 2

1 0 1

2 1 2

0 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

T=0+0+2*1=2 (PAR)

Regula aleasa daca T este paratunci se activeaza celula tinta ;daca T este impar se inactiveazacelula tinta

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AC- generator de numere

W=S(I,j); W(n)

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MODELARE vs.SIMULARE

AUTO-O

RGANIZARE

EMERG

ENTA

Viata Artificiala

http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/

http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/http://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/

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SimulareDLA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_de

tailpage#t=85s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy3Uouy76Q&feature=player_detailpage

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Agenti inteligenti

http://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.html

http://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.htmlhttp://arieldolan.com/ofiles/Efloys.html

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EXEMPLU

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch_1/Efloys/Efloys.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch_1/Efloys/Efloys.html

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http://www.aridolan.com/http://www.calresco.org/http://alife.org/

http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.html

http://www.aridolan.com/http://www.calresco.org/http://alife.org/http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis479/projects/agent/Intelligent_agent.htmlhttp://alife.org/http://www.calresco.org/http://www.aridolan.com/

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Multumesc pentru atentie