ArticolulDefinitie: - reprezinta un determinant substantival care contribuie la realizarea

intelesului unui substantiv intr-o propozitie.Tipuri de articole:

Articolul Hotarat - THE Articolul Nehotarat - A / AN Articolul zero (forma implicita sau neexprimata)

Articolul hotarat THE:Cand folosim articolul hotarat?

Inaintea unui substantiv care a mai fost mentionat in textul respectiv:Exemplu: A man knocked at the door and a girl opened it. The man was her father.

Inaintea substantivelor care sunt unice:Exemplu: the moon, the earth, the star, the sun, the air

Inaintea numeralelor ordinale:Exemplu: the first, the second, the third, the twenty-first, the seventeenth

In realizarea superlativului:Exemplu: the best year, the youngest girl, the most important, the fastest, the tallest

Inaintea substantivelor care reprezinta nume de colectivitati si institutii:Exemplu: the army, the crowd, the government, the police, the parliament

Inaintea unor nume proprii (nume de familie, muzee, teatre, ziare, hoteluri, etc):Exemplu: the Browns, the Johns, the National Theatre, the Marriott Grand Hotel, the New York Times, the Beatles

Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de locuri geografice, munti, fluvii, oceane, mari etc:Exemplu: the Alps, the Atlantic, the Thames, the Danube, the Red Sea, the Sahara

Articolul nehotarat A / ANUtilizam articolul nehotarat A:

Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o consoana:Exemple: a girl, a boy, a teacher, a family, a classroom

Utilizam articolul nehotarat AN:Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o vocala (a, e, i, o, u):

Exemple: an elephant, an apple, an interview, an onion, an actionArticolul nehotarat - exceptii:Folosim articolul nehotarat AN inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "h", doar

atunci cand este vorba despre un "h mut".Exemple: an hour, an honour

Folosim articolul nehotarat A inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "u" sau grupul de litere "eu", doar atunci cand acestea se pronunta ca "you"Exemple: a European, a university, a unit

Cand folosim articolul nehotarat A/AN?Inaintea unui substantiv concret nedeterminat si numarabil:

Exemple: A boy entered into the classroom.The reporter took an interview.

Inaintea unui substantiv concret cu functia de nume predicativ:Exemplu: She is a teacher. Ronnie is an elephant.

Articolul zeroNu folosim articol in urmatoarele situatii:Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume proprii la singular:Exemplu: Paul is going to the school.

Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de tari, orase si limba acestora:Exemple: France is a European country.You speak English fluently.Bucharest is the capital of Romania.

In unele expresii invariabile:Exemplu: by car, at school, in church, by train

Inaintea substantivelor abstracte, care indica nume de culori, stiinte, arte, materii etc:Exemplu: beauty, health, dinner, lunch, breakfast, truth, green, gold, silver, mathematics, physics

Exercitii1. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:___ woman ___ unit ___ United States of America ___ Johnsons ___ elephant ___ beauty ___ hour ___ Thames

2. Completati propozitiile din textul de mai jos cu a/an:a) ___ old woman laughed at him. b) ___ cat and ___ dog were in the kitchen. c) I saw ___ elephant at the zoo. d) It was ___ excellent movie. e) She watched ___ TV show

3. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:Daniel is ___ teacher. He likes ___ Physics very much. He teaches at ___ Theoretical Highschool from ___ Bucharest. ___pupils like him very much. One day, he decided to take ___ children to see ___ laboratory from another highschool. There, they made ___ experiment. All ___ children considered ___ experiment ___ most interesting they have ever made.

Lectia 1: Articolul - raspunsuri1. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:a woman an unit The United States of America The Johnsons an elephant a beauty an hour The Thames

2. Completati propozitiile din textul de mai jos cu a/an:a) An old woman laughed at him. b) A cat and a dog were in the kitchen. c) I saw an elephant at the zoo. d) It was an excellent movie.

e) She watched a TV show 3. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:

Daniel is a teacher. He likes the Physics very much. He teaches at a Theoretical Highschool from the Bucharest. The pupils like him very much. One day, he decided to take the children to see a laboratory from another highschool. There, they made an experiment. All the children considered the experiment the most interesting they have ever made.

NumeralulNumeralul cardinal

1 one 11 eleven 30 thirty2 two 12 twelve 40 forty3 three 13 thirteen 50 fifty4 four 14 fourteen 60 sixty5 five 15 fifteen 70 seventy6 six 16 sixteen 80 eighty7 seven 17 seventeen 90 ninety8 eight 18 eighteen 100 one hundred9 nine 19 nineteen 200 two hundred10 ten 20 twenty 1000 one thousand

153 one hundred and fifty-three198 one hundred and ninety-eight203 two hundred and three405 four hundred and fifty1,000,000 one million12,000,000 twelve million13,632,521 thirteen million six hundred thirty-two thousand five hundred and twenty-oneAtentie!

se foloseste cratima intre numeralul zecilor si cel al unitatilorExemple: 21 twenty-one; 99 ninety-nine

se pune virgula dupa fiecare grup care indica miileExemplu: 1,222,351

mentionarea conjunctiei and este obligatorie inaintea grupului zecilor si unitatea finalaExemplu: 2,532 - two thousand five hundred and thirty-two

cifrele zecimale se citesc astfel:2.4832 - two point four eight three two

Numeralul ordinal1st first2nd second3rd third4th fourth5th fifth6th sixth7th seventh8th eighth9th ninth10th tenth11th eleventh12th twelvth13th thirteenth14th fourteenth15th fifteenth16th sixteenth17th seventeenth

18th eighteenth19th nineteenth20th twentieth21st twenty-first22nd twenty-second23rd twenty-third....... .......30th thirtieth40th fortieth....... .......

100th hundredth1,000 thousandth

1,000,000 millionth

Mod de formare:prin adaugarea terminatiei "th" la numeralul cardinal corespunzator

Exceptii:one --- first (1st)two --- second (2nd)three --- third (3rd)five si nine, la care se suprima -e final, fifth (5th) si ninth (9th)zecile la care -y final se transforma in -ieforty --- fortieth (40th)Alte numeraleData: in Marea Britanie se foloseste intotdeauna forma unui numeral ordinal pentru a indica data.

Exemple:21st July (the twenty-first of July)June 4th (the fourth of June)23 April, 1989 (the twenty-third of April nineteen eighty-nine)December 29 (the twenty-ninth of December)

Fractii:1/2 se citeste one half3/4 se citeste three quarters7/8 se citeste seven eights

Ora:ten to one (unu fara zece)half past six (sase si jumatate)twelve and a quarter (douasprezece si un sfert)a quarter to two (doua fara un sfert)Exercitii:1. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele cifre:123 - 1,450 - 58 - 33 - 1,024 - 985 - 24 - 48 -

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:a) Ziua mea de nastere este pe data de 22 mai.b) Am ajuns in Bucuresti pe data de 14 iunie.c) John este al patrulea elev din clasa.d) 4 Iulie este ziua nationala a Americii.e) Primul autobuz din parcare este al nostru.f) Sunt 14 elevi in aceasta clasa.

3. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele ore:10:45 - 11:25 - 12:40 - 13:30 - 14:05 –

Lectia 2: Numeralul - raspunsuri1. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele cifre:123 - one hundred and twenty-three1,450 - one thousand four hundred and fifty58 - fifty-eight33 - thirty-three1,024 - one thousand and twnty-four985 - nine hundred and eighty-five24 - twenty-four48 - forty-eight

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:a) Ziua mea de nastere este pe data de 22 mai.My birthday is on 22nd of May.b) Am ajuns in Bucuresti pe data de 14 iunie.I arrived in Bucharest on 14th of June.c) John este al patrulea elev din clasa.John is the fourth pupil from his classroom.d) 4 Iulie este ziua nationala a Americii.4th of July is the National Day of the United States of America.e) Primul autobuz din parcare este al nostru.The first bus from the parking is ours.f) Sunt 14 elevi in aceasta clasa.There are fourteen pupils in this classroom.

3. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele ore:10:45 - a quarter to eleven11:25 - twenty-five minutes past eleven12:40 - twenty minutes to one13:30 - half past one14:05 - five minutes past two

Pronumele1. Pronumele personala) cu functie de subiectb) cu functie de complement

a) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de subiect:I --- euYou --- tu, dumneata, dumneavoastraHe --- elShe --- eaIt --- el, ea (neutru), pentru nume de obiecte, lucruri, animaleWe --- noiYou --- voi, dumneavoastraThey --- ei, ele, dumnealor

Exemple: I am a big girl.He lives near the school.We like chocolate very much.Do you like football?

b) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de complement:me- mie, imi, mi (complement indirect)- pe mine, ma, m (complement direct)

you- tie, iti, ti, dumitale, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)- pe tine, te, pe dumneata, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct) him- lui, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe el, il (complement direct)

her- ei, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe ea, o (complement direct)

it- lui, ei, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe el, il, pe ea, o (complement direct)

us- noua, ne, ni (complement indirect)- pe noi, ne (complement direct)

you- voua, va, vi, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)- pe voi, va, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)

them- lor, le, li (complement indirect)- pe ei, ii, i (complement direct)

Exemple:

I watch my brother playing tennis.You gave me a nice gift.Give them a kiss from me!2. Pronumele reflexive si de intariremyself --- ma, insumi, insamiyourself --- te, insuti, insatihimself --- se, insusiherself --- se, insesiitself --- se, insusi, insasi (neutru)ourselves --- ne, insine, inseneyourselves --- va, insiva, insevathemselves --- se, insisi, insesi

Exemple:I found myself very smart.We did ourselves all the exercises.3. Pronumele demonstrativthis --- acesta, aceasta, asta, astathat --- acela, aceea, ala, aiathese --- acestea, acestia, astia, asteathose --- acelea, aceia, aia, alea

Exemple:This is my brother.Those are his parents.4. Pronumele posesivemine --- al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale meleyours --- al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale talehis --- al sau (a lui), a sa (a lui), ai sai (ai lui), ale sale (ale lui)hers --- al sau (a ei), a sa (a ei), ai sai (ai ei), ale sale (ale ei)its own --- al sau, a sa, ai sai, ale sale (neutru)ours --- al nostru, a noastra, ai nostri, ale noastreyours --- al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastretheir --- al lor, a lor, ai lor, ale lor

Exemple:My brother is tall, but yours is taller.His car is old, but hers is older.I lost my pencil, can you lend me yours?5. Pronumele nehotaratsome + body, one, thingany + body, one, thingno + body, one, thing

Exemple:I want something from you.She didn't find anything in the fridge.There was no one in the room.6. Pronumele relativwho --- care

whom/who --- pe carewhose --- al (a, ai, ale) carui, careia, carorawhat --- ce, ceea cewhich --- care, pe care (pt. lucruri, obiecte ...)that --- care

Exemple:My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Bucharest.Tom, whose car was stolen, bought another one last week.I found a cat that was lost.I didn't like what I saw.7. Pronumele interogativwho? --- cine?whom? who? --- pe cine?whose? --- al (a, ai, ale) cui?what? --- care?, pe care,ce?which? --- (pe) care dintre?

Exemple:Whom did you see last Sunday?Whose shoes are those?What are you doing?Which do you like more?Exercitii:1. Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu forma corecta a pronumelui reflexiv:1) I enjoyed _______ at the party2) My father didn't buy the book for _______3) The dog cut _______ while running in the street.4) Help _______ with some fruit, John and Mary.5) We saw _______ in the snow.

2. Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu forma corecta a pronumelui posesiv:1) This is my cat. It is _______2) That is his lamp. It is _______3) These are our maps. They are _______4) Those are their shoes. They are _______5) This is her shirt. It is _______

3. Completati corect spatiile goale cu unul dintre pronumele din paranteze:1) I saw Mr. Thompson _______ is John's father. (that, who, which)2) _______ did you meet last week, John or Steve? (which, who, whose)3) Puffy, _______ is a big cat, is very lazy. (which, who, whose)4) _______ are you doing? (whom, what, that)5) _______ is going with you at the theatre? (who, that, whom)

Lectia 3: Pronumele - raspunsuri1. Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu forma corecta a pronumelui reflexiv:1) I enjoyed myself at the party2) My father didn't buy the book for himself3) The dog cut itself while running in the street.

4) Help yourselves with some fruit, John and Mary.5) We saw ourselves in the snow.2. Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu forma corecta a pronumelui posesiv:1) This is my cat. It is mine2) That is his lamp. It is his3) These are our maps. They are ours4) Those are their shoes. They are their5) This is her shirt. It is hers

3. Completati corect spatiile goale cu unul dintre pronumele din paranteze:1) I saw Mr. Thompson who is John's father. (that, who, which)2) Who did you meet last week, John or Steve? (which, who, whose)3) Puffy, which is a big cat, is very lazy. (which, who, whose)4) What are you doing? (whom, what, that)5) Who is going with you at the theatre? (who, that, whom)

VerbulVerbul "TO BE" - a fi

Forma afirmativa:I am (I'm) - Eu suntYou are (You're) - Tu estiHe is (He's) - El esteShe is (She's) - Ea esteIt is (It's) - El/Ea esteWe are (We're) - Noi suntemYou are (You're) - Voi suntetiThey are (They're) - Ei/Ele sunt

Forma interogativa:Am I? - Sunt eu?Are you? - Esti tu?Is he? - Este el?Is she? - Este ea?Is it? - Este el/ea?Are we? - Suntem noi?Are you? - Sunteti voi?Are they? - Sunt ei/ele?

Forma negativa:I am not (I'm not) - Eu nu suntYou are not (You aren't) - Tu nu estiHe is not (He isn't) - El nu esteShe is not (She isn't) - Ea nu esteIt is not (It isn't) - El/Ea nu esteWe are not (We aren't) - Noi nu suntemYou are not (You aren't) - Voi nu suntetiThey are not (They aren't) - Ei/Ele nu sunt

Verbul "TO HAVE" - a aveaForma afirmativa:

I have (I've) - Eu amYou have (You've) - Tu ai

He has (He's) - El areShe has (She's) - Ea areIt has (It's) - El/Ea areWe have (We've) - Noi avemYou have (You've) - Voi avetiThey have (They've) - Ei/Ele au

Forma interogativa:Have I? - Am eu?Have you? - Ai tu?Has he? - Are el?Has she? - Are ea?Has it? - Are el/ea?Have we? - Avem noi?Have you? - Aveti voi?Have they? - Au ei/ele?

Forma negativa:I have not (I haven't) - Eu nu amYou have not (You haven't) - Tu nu aiHe has not (He hasn't) - El nu areShe has not (She hasn't) - Ea nu areIt has not (It hasn't) - El/Ea nu areWe have not (We haven't) - Noi nu avemYou have not (You haven't) - Voi nu avetiThey have not (They haven't) - Ei/Ele nu au

Verbul "TO DO" - a faceForma afirmativa:

I do - Eu facYou do - Tu faciHe does - El faceShe does - Ea faceIt does - El/Ea faceWe do - Noi facemYou do - Voi facetiThey do - Ei/Ele fac

Forma interogativa:Do I? - Fac eu?Do you? - Faci tu?Does he? - Face el?Does she? - Face ea?Does it? - Face el/ea?Do we? - Facem noi?Do you? - Faceti voi?Do they? - Fac ei/ele?

Forma negativa:I do not (I don't) - Eu nu facYou do not (You don't) - Tu nu faciHe does not (He doesn't) - El nu faceShe does not (She doesn't) - Ea nu faceIt does not (It doesn't) - El/Ea nu face

We do not (We don't) - Noi nu facemYou do not (You don't) - Voi nu facetiThey do not (They don't) - Ei/Ele nu facExercitii:

1. Completati spatiile goale cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:a) Forma afirmativa:I _______ in the classroom.He _______ in the garden.They _______ in the house

b) Forma negativa:You _______ in the office.She _______ in the bathroom.We _______ in the restaurant.

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:1. Eu am 12 ani.2. Tu esti in casa cu tatal tau.3. Noi avem 2 buchete de flori.4. Voi sunteti in clasa a patra.5 El are un mar si doua portocale.6. Ea este in curtea scolii cu prietena ei.

3. Completati spatiile goale cu forma interogativa a verbului TO BE:1. _______ you a good friend?2. _______ he your father?3. _______ they your colleagues?4. _______ she in the living room?5. _______ we in the courtyard?

Lectia 4: Verbul - raspunsuri1. Completati spatiile goale cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:a) Forma afirmativa:I am in the classroom.He is in the garden.They are in the house

b) Forma negativa:You are in the office.She is in the bathroom.We are in the restaurant.

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:1. Eu am 12 ani.I have twelve years.2. Tu esti in casa cu tatal tau.You are in the house with my father.3. Noi avem 2 buchete de flori.We have two bunch of flowers.4. Voi sunteti in clasa a patra.

You aren't in fourth class.5 El are un mar si doua portocale.He has un apple an two orange.6. Ea este in curtea scolii cu prietena ei.She is in the schoolyard with her friend.

3. Completati spatiile goale cu forma interogativa a verbului TO BE:1. Are you a good friend?2. Is he your father?3. Are they your colleagues?4. Is she in the living room?5. Are we in the courtyard?

SubstantivulA. Tipuri de substantive

1. Substantive comune2. Substantive proprii

1. Substantivele comune desemneaza fiinte (oameni si animale) si obiecte / lucruri.Exemple:- fiinte: man, woman, grandmother, teacher, brother, pupil, doctor, nurse- obiecte (lucruri): pencil, school, car, hotel, medicine, shop, power, health

2. Substantivele proprii desemneaza nume de familie si prenume, nume de munti, orase, tari, ape etc.Exemple:- nume de familie si prenume: Ewing, Brown, Sawyer, John, Mary, Helen- nume de munti: Alps, Himalaya, Everest- nume de orase: Bucharest, Paris, Venice- nume de tari: France, Italy, Croatia- nume de ape: Mississippi, Danube, Thames

B. Genul substantivelor1. Genul masculin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal he)

Exemple: man, doctor, driver, father, boy2. Genul feminin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal she)

Exemple: woman, mother, girl, actress, sister.3. Genul neutru (nume de lucruri, obiecte si animale; se inlocuiesc cu pronumele

personal it)Exemple: cat, dog, pencil, butterfly, car, notebook.

C. Numarul substantivelorSubstantivele pot fi la singular sau la plural.

Formarea pluralului:a) pluralul cu "-s"Exemple:a dog ---> two dogsa school ---> two schoolsa car ---> two carsa book ---> two books

b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh)

Exemple:a bus ---> two busesa fax ---> two faxesa church ---> two churches

Atentie:a tomato ---> two tomatoesa potato ---> two potatoes

darradio ---> radiosphoto ---> photos

c) pluralul cu "-ies" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -y)Exemple:lady ---> ladiesbaby ---> babiesfly ---> flies

dar:day ---> daysboy ---> boys

Reguli:pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se va face in -iespentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va face in -s

d) pluralul cu "-ves" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -f sau -fe)Exemple:leaf ---> leavescalf ---> calvesshelf ---> shelveswife ---> wiveswolf ---> wolves

Exceptii:chief ---> chiefsproof ---> proofsbelief ---> beliefs

e) pluralele neregulateExemple:child ---> childrenman ---> menwoman ---> womenfoot ---> feetgoose ---> geesemouse ---> micetooth ---> teeth

f) substantive invariabile care nu primesc "-s"Exemple:deer (cerb)duck (rata)sheep (oaie)trout (pastrav)fish (peste)fruit (fructe)

g) substantivele cu sens colectiv care nu au forma de plural

Exemple:advice (sfat)baggage (bagaj)luggage (bagaje)information (informatii)furniture (mobila)people (oameni)crowd (multime)police (politie)

h) pluralul substantivelor propriiExemple:the Brownsthe Johnsonsthe Thompsons

D. Substantive compuseExemple:classroomschoolboyschoolgirlblackboarddining-roombreakfast

Exercitii:1. Alcatuiti pluralul urmatoarelor substantive:table --->clock --->leaf --->gentleman --->baby --->tooth --->friend --->city --->life --->chief --->

2. Inlocuiti substantivele urmatoare cu pronumele personal potrivit:the girl ---the dog ---the actor ---the schoolboy ---the pencil ---the grandmother ---

3. Alcatuiti cat mai multe substantive compuse cu ajutorul urmatoarelor cuvinte:dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl, board, living, garden, note, exercise, parents, grand.

Lectia 5: Substantivul - raspunsuri1. Alcatuiti pluralul urmatoarelor substantive:

table ---> tablesclock ---> clocksleaf ---> leavesgentleman ---> gentlemenbaby ---> babiestooth ---> teethfriend ---> friendscity ---> citieslife ---> liveschief ---> chiefs

2. Inlocuiti substantivele urmatoare cu pronumele personal potrivit:the girl --- shethe dog --- itthe actor --- hethe schoolboy --- hethe pencil --- itthe grandmother --- she3. Alcatuiti cat mai multe substantive compuse cu ajutorul urmatoarelor cuvinte:dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl, board, living, garden, note, exercise, parents, grand.dining-room; schoolgirl; classmate; kinder-garden; blackboard; grandfather; living-room; notebook; grandparents; schoolboy

AdjectivulAdjectivele in limba engleza au urmatoarele caracteristici:

a) nu variaza dupa gen si numarb) se aseaza inaintea substantivelorExemplu:a good cake ---> good cakes

A. Tipuri de adjective• opinion adjectives (adjective de opinie): descriu ceea ce credem despre cineva sau

ceva.Exemple: beautiful, great, nice, expensive, cheap, ugly etc.

• fact adjectives (adjective de fapt): descriu ceea ce fiintele sau obiectele determinate sunt cu adevaratExemple: short, large, long, green, round etc.

! Adjectivele de opinie stau inaintea adjectivelor de faptB. Adjectivul demonstrativ

Desemneaza fiinte sau lucruri pe care le aratam precizand in acelasi timp apropierea sau departarea in timp sau spatiu.

Forme:• singular:

- this (acest, aceasta)- that (acel, acea)

• plural:- these (acesti, aceste)- those (acei, acele)

Exemple:This man is a doctor.

That girl is a pupil.These children are small.Those boys are playing in the scoolyard.

C. Adjectivul posesivDesemneaza raportul de posesie dintre un posesor si ceea ce acesta poseda:

Forme:• singular:

- my (meu, mea, mei, mele)- your (tau, ta, tai, tale)- his (lui, sau, sa, sai, sale)- her (ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)- its (lui, ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)

• plural:- our (nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre)- your (vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre)- their (lor)

Exemple:This is my house.It is his car.That is our shop.Those are your books.

D. Comparativul adjectivelora) Comparativul de egalitate / inferioritate:

"as ... as" (tot atat de / la fel de)"not as ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)"not so ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)

Exemple:She is as pretty as her mother.He is not as tall as his brother.

b) Comparativ de superioritate:- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-er" la finalul adjectivului respectiv- pentru adjective lungi, acestea sunt precedate de adverbul "more"

Exemple:tall ---> taller(inalt ---> mai inalt)slim ---> slimmer(slab ---> mai slab)fast ---> faster(rapid ---> mai rapid)big ---> bigger(man ---> mai mare)beautiful ---> more beautiful(frumos ---> mai frumos)interesting ---> more interestinginteresant ---> mai interesantdifficult ---> more difficultdificil ---> mai dificil

E. Superlativul adjectivelor

- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-est" la adjectivul precedat de "the"- pentru adjective lungi, acestea vor fi precedate de "the most"

Exemple:the tallest (cel mai inalt)the slimmest (cel mai slab)the fastest (cel mai rapid)the biggest (cel mai mare)the most beautiful (cel mai frumos)the most interesting (cel mai interesant)the most difficult (cel mai dificil)

F. Comparative si superlative neregulatebadgoodfarmuchold worsebetterfarther (further)moreolder (elder) the worstthe bestthe farthest (the furthest)the mostthe oldest (the eldest) raubunindepartatmultbatran

Exercitii:1. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:a) Aceasta masina este rosie.b) Acele fete sunt in clasa intai.c) Acei barbati sunt doctori.d) Aceasta este clasa mea.e) Acela este cainele ei.f) Acestea sunt caietele noastre.2. Completati spatiile libere de mai jos, cu forma corecta a adjectivelor, la gradul de comparatie indicat:

Adjectiv Comparativ Superlativbad worse ..................fast faster ..................

good better ..................cheap .................. the cheapest

beautiful .................. the most beautifulthin thinner ..................fat .................. the fattest

3. Potriviti adjectivele la substantivele respective:cold nicebeautiful longdelicious traditionalblouse hair

weather girldance food

Lectia 6: Adjectivul - raspunsuri1. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:a) Aceasta masina este rosie.This car is red.b) Acele fete sunt in clasa intai.Those girls are in the first grade.c) Acei barbati sunt doctori.Those men are doctors.d) Aceasta este clasa mea.This is my classroom.e) Acela este cainele ei.That is her dog.f) Acestea sunt caietele noastre.These are our notebooks.

2. Completati spatiile libere de mai jos, cu forma corecta a adjectivelor, la gradul de comparatie indicat:

Adjectiv Comparativ Superlativbad worse the worstfast faster the fastest

good better the bestcheap cheaper the cheapest

beautiful more beautiful the most beautifulthin thinner the thinnestfat fatter the fattest

3. Potriviti adjectivele la substantivele respective:cold ---> weathernice ---> blousebeautiful ---> girllong ---> hairdelicious ---> foodtraditional ---> dance

AdverbulA. Adverbe de mod

- arata modul in care se petrece o actiuneMod de formare:

- de obicei, aceste adverbe se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ly la finalul unui adjective.

Exemple: beautiful ---> beautifullysad ---> sadlycapable ---> capablyslow ---> slowlyeasy ---> easily

B. Adverbe de loc- arata locul in care se petrece o actiune

Exemple:

here, there, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, outside, insideC. Adverbe de timp

- arata timpul in care se petrece o actiuneExemple:

today, yesterday, tomorrow, Saturday, Monday, now, finally, later, soon, just, stillD. Adverbe de durata

- arata perioada de timp a unei actiuniExemple:

forever, shortly, long, permanentlyE. Adverbe de comparatie

- arata gradul de intensitate al unei actiuniExemple:

extremely, greatly, hugely, partially, perfectly, strongly, totally, almost, very, entirelyF. Adverbe de frecventa

- arata gradul de repetabilitate al unei actiuniExemple:

always, constantly, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, neverG. Adverbe de probabilitate

- arata gradul de probabilitate a unei actiuniExemple:

certainly, perhaps, maybe, possibly, definitelyExercitii:

1. Cunoscand urmatoarele procente corespunzatoare adverbelor de frecventa, realizati propozitiile de mai jos, conform modelului.never ---> 0%rarely ---> 10%sometimes ---> 25%often ---> 50%usually ---> 75%always ---> 100%

Exemplu:Sam / have / shower / evening (75%)Sam usually has shower in the evening.a) I / eat / cake / afternoon. (25%)b) Tim / sleep / living - room (50%)c) I / go / school / Sunday (0%)d) Dennis / play / tennis / weekends (100%)e) She / run / park / morning (10%)

2. Transformati urmatoarele adjective in adverbe:horrible --->careful --->nervous --->desperate --->slow --->sudden --->bright --->proud --->

3. Subliniati termenul corect din urmatoarele propozitii:

a) Denisa was wearing a pretty / prettily dress at the wedding.b) I had a terrible / terribly dream last night.c) Final / Finally, she passed the exam.d) She was walking rapid / rapidly.e) Sam is fluent / fluently in French.f) Was your grammar test easy / easily?g) They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.

4) Alegeti varianta corecta:1. Please don't talk so .................... . I'm trying to sleep.a) louder; b) loudest; c) loudly2. We .................... go on picnics on weekends. We love fresh air.a) never; b) usually; c) seldom3. The bouquet was .................... . She loved it.a) beautiful; b) beautifully; c) ugly.4. James .................... put the broken glass into the rubbish bin.a) careful; b) more carefully; c) carefully

Lectia 7: Adverbul - raspunsuri1. Cunoscand urmatoarele procente corespunzatoare adverbelor de frecventa, realizati propozitiile de mai jos, conform modelului.never ---> 0%rarely ---> 10%sometimes ---> 25%often ---> 50%usually ---> 75%always ---> 100%

a) I / eat / cake / afternoon. (25%)I sometimes eat cake in the afternoon.b) Tim / sleep / living - room (50%)Tim often sleeps in the living-room.c) I / go / school / Sunday (0%)I never go to school on Sunday.d) Dennis / play / tennis / weekends (100%)Dennis always plays tennis on weekends.e) She / run / park / morning (10%)She rarely runs in the park in the morning.

2. Transformati urmatoarele adjective in adverbe:horrible ---> horriblycareful ---> carefullynervous ---> nervouslydesperate ---> desperatelyslow ---> slowlysudden ---> suddenlybright ---> brightlyproud ---> proudly

3. Subliniati termenul corect din urmatoarele propozitii:

a) Denisa was wearing a pretty / prettily dress at the wedding.b) I had a terrible / terribly dream last night.c) Final / Finally, she passed the exam.d) She was walking rapid / rapidly.e) Sam is fluent / fluently in French.f) Was your grammar test easy / easily?g) They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.

4) Alegeti varianta corecta:1. Please don't talk so loudly. I'm trying to sleep.2. We usually go on picnics on weekends. We love fresh air.3. The bouquet was beautiful. She loved it.4. James carefully put the broken glass into the rubbish bin.

PrepozitiaA. Prepozitii de miscare

- arata miscareaExemple:

to, through, acrossto - utilizam "to" pentru a arata deplasarea catre o destinatie anume.

Exemplu:I went to Chicago two years ago.through - utilizam "through" pentru a sugera deplasarea dintr-o parte in alta a unui spatiu inchis.

Exemplu:The cars went through the tunnel.across - utilizam "across" pentru a sugera miscarea dintr-o parte in alta a unei suprafete.

Exemplu:She flew across the sea.

Alte prepozitii de miscare:along, down, over, off, round, into

B. Prepozitii de loc- arata locul in care se situeaza obiectele definite

Exemple:at, on, in

at - folosim "at" pentru a arata un anumit loc sau o anumita pozitie.Exemplu:Someone is at the door.

on - folosim "on" pentru a arata pozitia pe o suprafata verticala sau orizontala.Exemplu:The dog is on the roof.

in - folosim "in" pentru a arata ca un anumit obiect este imprejmuit sau inchis.Exemplu:The parrot is in the cage.

Alte prepozitii de loc:after, among, behind, between, in front of, next to, beside, by, over, above, under, below.

C. Prepozitii de timp- pentru a specifica timpul unei actiuniExemple:

at, on, inat - pentru a arata timpul exact.

Exemplu:She left at 7.00 a.m.

on - pentru anumite date sau zileExemple:She arrived on Monday.Her birthday is on 23rd of October.

in - pentru o perioada de timp nespecificata, necunoscuta din timpul unui an, zi, luna, anotimp.Exemple:It is very cold in Winter.I left Romania in 1989.

Alte prepozitii de timp:after, by, since, during, for, throughoutExercitii:1. Completati cu prepozitia corecta: of, on, at, to, with, in, for, along1) His t-shirt has a picture ______ it.2) The queen ______ England wanted to wear golden dress at her wedding.3) I went ______ Brussels last week.4) She spent the afternoon ______ her friends.5) We walked ______ the banks of River Seine.6) She's been waiting ______ me for about four hours.7) What's the weather like ______ Paris?8) She was ______ the cinema last evening.

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:1) Mihaela a plecat la munte la ora 8 dimineata.2) Statuia este in fata stadionului.3) In spatele operei se afla un hotel.4) Trenul a trecut prin tunel foarte rapid.5) Lui Philip ii place sa zboare deasupra oceanului.

3. Completati spatiile libere cu prepozitia corecta: in, on, at, to1) They live ____ Dubai.2) We are staying ____ a nice hotel.3) Philip always plays tennis ____ the afternoon.4) They where very close ____ their cat.5) We got ____ the first train to Sibiu.6) Romania is ____ Europe.7) You are going ____ a city tour tomorrow.

Lectia 8: Prepozitia - raspunsuri

1. Completati cu prepozitia corecta: of, on, at, to, with, in, for, along1) His t-shirt has a picture on it.2) The queen of England wanted to wear golden dress at her wedding.3) I went in Brussels last week.4) She spent the afternoon with her friends.

5) We walked along the banks of River Seine.6) She's been waiting for me for about four hours.7) What's the weather like in Paris?8) She was at the cinema last evening.

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:1) Mihaela a plecat la munte la ora 8 dimineata.Mihaela went to the mountain at 8 o’clock in the morning.2) Statuia este in fata stadionului.The statue is in front of the stadium.3) In spatele operei se afla un hotel.Behind the opera there is a hotel.4) Trenul a trecut prin tunel foarte rapid.The train passed through the tunnel rapidly.5) Lui Philip ii place sa zboare deasupra oceanului.Philip likes flying across the ocean.

3. Completati spatiile libere cu prepozitia corecta: in, on, at, to1) They live in Dubai.2) We are staying at a nice hotel.3) Philip always plays tennis in the afternoon.4) They where very close to their cat.5) We got on the first train to Sibiu.6) Romania is in Europe.7) You are going on a city tour tomorrow.

Prezentul SimpluA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + Verbul la infinitive (la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia

„-s" sau „-es") Exemple:1. I go to school every day. 2. He reads a book every month. 3. She lives in Bucharest.

Interogativ:Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv

Exemple:1. Do you go to school every day? 2. Does he read a book every month? 3. Does she live in Bucharest?

Negativ:Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv

Se folosesc adesea contractiile don't (do + not) si doesn't (does + not) Exemple:1. I don't go to school every day. 2. He doesn't read a book every month. 3. She doesn't live in Bucharest.

B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular

! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-s" la persoana a III-a singular la afirmativ Exemple: I talk – He talks I work – He works I sleep – He sleeps

! Verbelelor care se termina in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga terminatia „-es"Exemple: I kiss – He kisses I wish – He wishes I catch – He catches I mix – He mixes I go – He goes

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se inlocuieste litera y cu litera i, iar apoi se adauga terminatia „-es"Exemple: I fly – He fliesI study – He studiesI cry – He cries

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o vocala, se adauga terminatia „-s"Exemple: I pay – He paysI stay – He stays I play – He plays

C. Folosim Prezentul Simplu pentru:• activitati zilnice, saptamanale, lunare, anuale

Exemple: I go to the mountains every month. We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.

• obiceiuri, hobby-uri Exemple: She plays tennis in her free time. In the summer, they go to the seaside.

• situatii permanente Exemplu: He lives in Paris. I work as a manager.

• a exprima actiuni care respecta un anumit program Exemple: The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday. I have Maths Friday at 11.30.

• situatii emotionale Exemple: I love my girlfriend very much. He hates cats.

• adevaruri generale Exemple:The earth moves around the sun.

Water boils at 100°C.D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Simplu:

every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night, usually, always, sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.

Exemple:1. He goes to the gim every day. 2. I play football every week. 3. We go to the dentist every year.4. She watches TV every evening. 5. She usually studies hard for her exams. 6. I always do my homework. 7. He sometimes goes shopping. 8. I often play pool with my friends.9. She never go to school by bus.10. In the evening we play Monopoly.

Exercitii:1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular. Consultati mai intai exemplul:Exemplu:They live in Craiova. (He) He lives in Craiova, too.

1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary) 2. We usually play in the park. (John) 3. They like their jobs very much. (He) 4. I want a new car. (She) 5. You wake up at 7 o'oclock. (Paul) 6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela) 7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom) 8. I go to school by bus. (My brother) 9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother) 10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)

2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii: Exemplu:You like swimming. Do you like swimming?

1. He lives in Bucharest. 2. You wear an uniform at school. 3. My father drives very well. 4. Mr. Smith teaches English. 5. You like pizza and hamburgers. 6. My neighbour works as an engineer. 7. Your father repairs the car every month. 8. We drink coffee every morning. 9. Mary pays her bills every month. 10. He goes to bed very early every evening.

3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze, la fel ca in exemplul de mai jos:

Exemplu:I like Maths. (Physics) I like Maths, but I don't like Physics

1. Mary writes postcards. (letters) 2. I go to the cinema. (theatre) 3. They read newspapers. (books) 4. You study French. (English) 5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home) 6. I like football. (rugby) 7. He drives a car. (a lorry) 8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane) 9. We drink tea. (coffee) 10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)

4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but: Exemple:I watch TV every evening. (John) I watch TV every evening, but John doesn't. He doesn't speak French. (they) He doesn't speak French, but they do.

1. Julia washes the dishes. (I) 2. He doesn't want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend) 3. I go to the cinema every week. (they) 4. She doesn't swim. (her sister) 5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul) 6. I don't play football. (my best friend) 7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael) 8. John doesn't read the newspaper every day. (we) 9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I) 10. You don't travel by plane. (she)

5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze: Exemplu:I have lunch at 12 o'clock. (always) I always have lunch at 12 o'clock.

1. My sister gets up at 10 o'clock. (usually) 2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes) 3. I go out with a stranger. (never) 4. She listens to music in the evening. (always) 5. He goes to school by bus. (often) 6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never) 7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always) 10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)

Lectia 9: Prezentul simplu - raspunsuri

1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular:1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary) Mary flies from Bucharest to Rome every week, too.2. We usually play in the park. (John)John usually plays in the park, too.3. They like their jobs very much. (He)He likes his job very much, too.4. I want a new car. (She)She wants a new car, too.5. You wake up at 7 o'oclock. (Paul)Paul wakes up at 7 o’clock, too.6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela)Angela always washes the dishes, too.7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom)Tom watches TV every afternoon, too.8. I go to school by bus. (My brother)My brother goes to school by bus, too.9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother)My mother cooks every Saturday, too.10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)Mark studies hard for his exams, too.

2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:1. He lives in Bucharest. Does he live in Bucharest?2. You wear an uniform at school.Do you wear an uniform at school?3. My father drives very well. Does your father drive very well?4. Mr. Smith teaches English. Does Mr Smith teach English?5. You like pizza and hamburgers.Do you like pizza and hamburgers?6. My neighbour works as an engineer. Does your neighbour work as an engineer?7. Your father repairs the car every month.Does your father repair the car every month?8. We drink coffee every morning. Do we drink coffee every morning?9. Mary pays her bills every month. Does Mary pay her bills every month?10. He goes to bed very early every evening. Does he go to bed very early every evening?

3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze:1. Mary writes postcards. (letters)Mary writes postcards, but she doesn’t write letters.2. I go to the cinema. (theatre)I go to the cinema, but I don’t go to the theatre.3. They read newspapers. (books)

They read newspapers, but they don’t read books.4. You study French. (English)You study French, but you don’t study English.5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home)Mr. Brown works in an office, but he doesn’t work at home.6. I like football. (rugby)I like football, but I don’t like rugby.7. He drives a car. (a lorry)He drives a car, but he doesn’t drive a lorry.8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane)Dan and John travel by train, but they don’t travel by plane.9. We drink tea. (coffee)We drink tea, but we don’t drink coffee.10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)She plays chess every day, but she doesn’t play tennis.

4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but: 1. Julia washes the dishes. (I)Julia washes the dishes, but I don’t.2. He doesn't want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend)He doesn't want to go to the seaside, but his girlfriend does.3. I go to the cinema every week. (they)I go to the cinema every week, but they don’t.4. She doesn't swim. (her sister)She doesn’t swim, but her sister does.5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul)We have breakfast early in the morning, but Paul doesn’t.6. I don't play football. (my best friend)I don't play football, but my best friend does.7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael)Me and my brother play on the computer, but Michael doesn’t.8. John doesn't read the newspaper every day. (we)John doesn't read the newspaper every day, but we do.9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I) My mother likes to go shopping, but I don’t.10. You don't travel by plane. (she)You don't travel by plane, but she does.

5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze:1. My sister gets up at 10 o'clock. (usually)My sister usually gets up at 10 o'clock.2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes)We sometimes play football on Sundays.3. I go out with a stranger. (never)I never go out with a stranger.4. She listens to music in the evening. (always)She always listens to music in the evening.5. He goes to school by bus. (often)He often goes to school by bus.6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never)

I never eat a hamburger in the morning.7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)I usually read the newspaper in the evening.8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)In the morning I sometimes play on the computer.9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always)Mother always washes the dishes in the evening.10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)They often go skiing in the winter.

Prezentul ContinuuA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Verbul la infinitiv +

terminatia "-ing"Exemple:1. I'm writing an article now.2. They are playing football.3. She is having lunch at this moment.

Interogativ:To be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-

ing"Exemple:1. Am I writing an article now?2. Are they playing football?3. Is she having lunch at this moment?

Negativ:Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + not + Verbul la infinitiv +

terminatia "-ing" Se folosesc adesea contractiile isn't (is + not) si aren't (are + not) Exemple:1. I'm not writing an article now. 2. They aren't playing football. 3. She isn't having lunch at this moment

B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular

! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-ing" fara nici o modificare:Exemple:play – playingtry – tryingdrink – drinkingsing - singinggo - goingdraw - drawingcook - cookinglearn - learningsend - sendingwash - washing

! La verbele care se termina in litera e precedata de o consoana, se renunta la litera e si se adauga terminatia "-ing"Exemple:make – makingcome – comingleave – leaving

! La verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba (monosilabice) care se termina intr-o consoana precedata de o vocala, se dubleaza consoana si apoi se adauga terminatia "-ing"

Exemple:get – getting sit – sittinghit – hitting

C. Folosim Prezentul Continuu pentru:• activitati care se petrec in momentul vorbirii

Exemple: She is watching TV now.Mother is washing the dishes at this moment.

• actiuni care se desfasoara pe o perioada mai mare de timp, incluzand si momentul vorbirii Exemple: John is studying Maths for his exam.My brother is writing a book.

• a vorbi despre o intalnire sau despre un aranjament din viitorul apropiat Exemple: He is flying to New York next week.I'm meeting Susan next Sunday.

D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Continuu:now, at this moment, these days, this week, today, tonight etc.

Exemple:1. Paul is repairing his car now.2. I'm having lunch at this moment.3. He is working hard for a project these days.4. They are going to the basketball game this week.5. I'm writing a letter today.6. I'm watching TV tonight.

Exercitii:1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Prezentul Continuu:Exemplu:Diana (play) with Tim now.Diana is playing with Tim now.

1. Everybody (wear) blue T-shirts today.2. I (listen) to classic music at this moment.3. What (do) mother in the kitchen?4. We (organize) a study trip this week.5. Our colleagues (plan) a surprise party for John's birthday these days.6. I (meet) with my best friend at the cinema tonight.7. My father (work) in the garage now.8. This week, you (go) to the theatre with your geography teacher.

9. At this moment, in Bucharest, it (rain).10. My friends (travel) to Egypt this week.

2. Corectati afirmatiile false ca in exemplul urmator:Exemplu:Jim is playing basketball. (watch TV)No, Jim is not playing basketball. Jim is watching TV.

1. Mother is cooking at this moment. (iron)2. My brother is learning English now. (study French)3. All my colleagues are working hard for their final exams these days. (plan their holiday)4. The cat is climbing the tree now. (eat a mouse)5. I am taking some photos for my album. (read a book)6. You are drinking Coke Cola now. (drink a coffee)7. Joana is swimming in the pool. (play voleyball on the beach)8. I am making an apple-pie now. (do my homeworks)9. It is raining today. (snow)10. We are riding by bycicle to school. (go by bus)

3. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:Exemplu:I am having lunch at this moment.Am I having lunch at this moment?

1. We are playing cards.2. Mother is washing dishes.3. My brother is reading a newspaper.4. We are serving breakfast.5. They are decorating the Christmas tree.6. My family is planning a trip to Maldive Islands these days.7. Father is sleeping in the bedroom.8. You are watching a horror movie.9. Your sister is doing her homeworks.10. I am sending a postcard in France now.

4. Alegeti varianta corecta la Prezentul Continuu:1. We ............... basketball in the schoolyard.a) play; b) prepare; c) ski2. They ............... a movie in the dining-room.a) watch; b) play; c) eat3. My friends and I ............... some flowers in the garden.a) read; b) water; c) travel4. I ............... my homeworks at Maths.a) do; b) make; c) give5. You ............... a novel to your little brother.a) read; b) create; c) put6. The poet ............... a poem about love at this moment.a) create; b) give; c) look7. I ............... after my lost cat.a) look; b) search; c) spend8. ........ we ............... to the cinema tonight?

a) go; b) watch; c) eat9. The sun ............... brightly.a) show; b) shine; c) rain10. My friends ............... on a picnic without me.a) go; b) play; c) read

5. Corectati forma gresita a verbului:1. I am makeing an apple-pie.2. Mary is comeing from Italy today.3. We are siting in the living-room.4. He is geting off the bus at the first station.5. My brother isn't writeing poems.6. You aren't plaing with kids.7. They are leaveing Bucharest tomorrow evening.8. He is comeing tonight to see me.9. She is haveing lunch at this moment.10. Are you flyng to New York next week?

Lectia 10: Prezentul Continuu - raspunsuri1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Prezentul Continuu:

1. Everybody (wear) blue T-shirts today.Everybody is wearing blue T-shirts today.2. I (listen) to classic music at this moment.I am listening to classic music at this moment.3. What (do) mother in the kitchen?What is mother doing in the kitchen?4. We (organize) a study trip this week.We are organizing a study trip this week 5. Our colleagues (plan) a surprise party for John's birthday these days.Our colleagues are planning a surprise party for John's birthday these days.6. I (meet) with my best friend at the cinema tonight.I am meeting with my best friend at the cinema tonight.7. My father (work) in the garage now.My father is working in the garage now.8. This week, you (go) to the theatre with your geography teacher.This week, you are going to the theatre with your geography teacher.9. At this moment, in Bucharest, it (rain).At this moment, in Bucharest, it is raining.10. My friends (travel) to Egypt this week.My friends are travelling to Egypt this week.

2. Corectati afirmatiile false:1. Mother is cooking at this moment. (iron)No, mother is not cooking at this moment.Mother is ironing.2. My brother is learning English now. (study French)No, my brother is not learning English now. My brother is studying French.3. All my colleagues are working hard for their final exams these days. (plan their holiday)No, all my colleagues are not working hard for their final exams these days. All my colleagues are planning their holiday.4. The cat is climbing the tree now. (eat a mouse)

No, the cat is not climbing the tree now. The cat is eating a mouse.5. I am taking some photos for my album. (read a book)No, I am not taking some photos for my album. I am reading a book.6. You are drinking Coke Cola now. (drink a coffee)No, you are not drinking Coke Cola now. You are drinking a coffee.7. Joana is swimming in the pool. (play voleyball on the beach)No, Joana is not swimming in the pool. Joana is playing volleyball on the beach.8. I am making an apple-pie now. (do my homeworks)No, I am not making an apple-pie now. I am doing my homeworks.9. It is raining today. (snow)No, it is not raining today. It is snowing.10. We are riding by bycicle to school. (go by bus)No, we are not riding by bycicle to school. We are going by bus to school.

3. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:1. We are playing cards.Are we playing cards?2. Mother is washing dishes.Is mother washing dishes?3. My brother is reading a newspaper.Is my brother reading a newspaper?4. We are serving breakfast.Are we serving breakfast?5. They are decorating the Christmas tree.Are they decorating the Christmas tree?6. My family is planning a trip to Maldive Islands these days.Is my family planning a trip to Maldive Islands these days?7. Father is sleeping in the bedroom.Is father sleeping in the bedroom?8. You are watching a horror movie.Are you watching a horror movie?9. Your sister is doing her homeworks.Is your sister doing her homeworks?10. I am sending a postcard in France now.Am I sending a postcard in France now?

4. Alegeti varianta corecta la Prezentul Continuu:1. We are playing basketball in the schoolyard.2. They are watching a movie in the dining-room.3. My friends and I are wateringsome flowers in the garden.4. I am making my homeworks at Maths.5. You are readinga novel to your little brother.6. The poet is creating a poem about love at this moment.7. I am looking after my lost cat.8. are we going to the cinema tonight?9. The sun is shining brightly.10. My friends are going on a picnic without me.

5. Corectati forma gresita a verbului:1. I am makeing an apple-pie.

I am making an apple-pie.2. Mary is comeing from Italy today.Mary is coming from Italy now.3. We are siting in the living-room.We are sitting in the living-room.4. He is geting off the bus at the first station.He is getting off the bus at the first station.5. My brother isn't writeing poems.My brother isn’t writing poems.6. You aren't plaing with kids.You aren’t playing with kids.7. They are leaveing Bucharest tomorrow evening.They are leaving Bucharest tomorrow evening.8. He is comeing tonight to see me.He is coming tonight to see me.9. She is haveing lunch at this moment.She is having lunch at this moment.10. Are you flyng to New York next week?Are you flying to New York next week?

Trecutul SimpluA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + Vb.II (terminatia "-ed" pentru verbele regulate)

Exemple:1. I wrote a book last year.2. He went to a football game last week.3. We played in the park yesterday.

Interogativ:Did + Subiect + Vb.I?

Exemple:1. Did you write a book last year?2. Did he go to a football game last week?3. Did you play in the park yesterday?

Negativ:Subiect + didn't + Vb.I

Exemple:1. I didn't write a book last year. 2. He didn't go to a football game last week. 3. We didn't play in the park yesterday.

B. Folosim Trecutul Simplu pentru:• activitati terminate care s-au petrecut in trecut

Exemple:She was in France 2 years ago.We bought a new washing machine 2 weeks ago.

• actiuni incheiate care s-au petrecut la un moment determinat in trecutExemple: They were in England in 1981.

I left Bucharest in april 1994.C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Simplu:

yesterday, at this time yesterday, 2 days ago, 2 months ago, last year, last week, the day before yesterday

Exemple:1. Diana went in Belgium 3 years ago.2. I was having lunch at this time yesterday.3. They played football 2 hours ago.4. Paul taught English and French 3 months ago.5. She left town the day before yesterday.

Exercitii:1. Scrieti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza la Trecutul Simplu:

1. I (watch) a horror movie yesterday evening.2. Mary (play) in the garden with her dog yesterday morning.3. Two days ago, John (go) with his mother at the doctor. 4. Mary (talk) a lot during the French lesson.5. My mother (wash) many clothes yesterday evening.6. I (do not enjoy) the movie from last night.7. I (solve) the Math problem very quickly.8. I (prepare) my luggage yesterday.9. I (be) at school when you called me.10. When you were young, you (live) in the countryside.

2. Folositi cuvintele din paranteze pentru a realiza propozitii negative precum in exemplu:Exemplu:Mary liked the apple pie. (the soup) Mary liked the apple pie, but she didn't like the soup.

1. I played in the schoolyard. (in the garden) 2. My friend went to the mountain. (to the seaside) 3. I travelled abroad 2 days ago. (1 month ago) 4. Yesterday I visited Mr. Peterson. (Mrs Smith) 5. During lunch, I listened a football game on the radio. (music) 6. You called me at 10 o'clock a.m. (12 o'clock) 7. I arrived at home early in the morning. (in the afternoon) 8. You received a computer on your birthday. (a car) 9. It rained 2 days ago. (last week) 10. Mike repaired his car. (bicycle)

3. Treceti la Trecutul Simplu verbele neregulate de mai jos, precum in exemplu:Exemplu:I leave school at 2 o'clock yesterday.I left school at 2 o'clock yesterday.

1. I eat a delicious soup at the restaurant 2 days ago.2. My family buy a new car 3 months ago.3. I read a very interesting novel yesterday evening.4. Mary speak with her English teacher last week, about her exams.

5. Last Monday, John write to his mother a letter.6. Last winter, I make a beautiful snowman in front of the house.7. You give your sister a necklace for her birthday.8. Last year, Tim become a doctor.9. Mrs. Thompson teach Spanish and English every Monday and Wednesday.10. Father come from the office late at noon.

4. Treceti urmatoarele verbe la Trecutul Simplu:Exemple:I seeI sawI watch I watched

1. I sleep2. He plays3. He run4. You speak 5. They don't read 6. He doesn't feel 7. I meet 8.He catches 9. You wake up10. They leave

5. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform precizarilor din paranteze (vezi exemplu) Exemplu:When did she leave Bucharest? (2 years ago)She left Bucharest 2 years ago.

1. Where did you sleep last night? (at Cathy's) 2. When did you read this book? (3 weeks ago) 3. When did you find out about Susan's problems? (last Monday)4. Where did you meet your friends? (in the park) 5. When did she study French (2 years ago) 6. Where did he work last year (in a bank) 7. When did they divorce? (4 years ago) 8. How did she die? (in a train accident) 9. Who was Mihai Eminescu? (a Romanian poet) 10. When was he born? (in 1973)

Lectia 11: Trecutul Simplu - raspunsuri1. Scrieti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza la Trecutul Simplu:

1. I watched a horror movie yesterday evening.2. Mary played in the garden with her dog yesterday morning.3. Two days ago, John went with his mother at the doctor. 4. Mary talked a lot during the French lesson.5. My mother washed many clothes yesterday evening.6. I didn’t enjoy the movie from last night.

7. I solved the Math problem very quickly.8. I prepared my luggage yesterday.9. I was at school when you called me.10. When you were young, you lived in the countryside.

2. Folositi cuvintele din paranteze pentru a realiza propozitii negative:1. I played in the schoolyard, but I didn’t play in the garden.2. My friend went to the mountain, but he didn’t go to the seaside.3. I travelled abroad 2 days ago, but I didn’t travel abroad 1 month ago.4. Yesterday I visited Mr. Peterson, but I didn’t visit Mrs Smith.5. During lunch, I listened a football game on the radio, but I didn’t listen to music.6. You called me at 10 o'clock a.m, but you didn’t call at 12 o’clock.7. I arrived at home early in the morning, but I didn’t arrive at home early in the afternoon.8. You received a computer on your birthday, but you didn’t receive a car.9. It rained 2 days ago, but it didn’t rain last week.10. Mike repaired his car, but he didn’t repair his bicycle.

3. Treceti la Trecutul Simplu verbele neregulate de mai jos:1. I ate a delicious soup at the restaurant 2 days ago.2. My family bought a new car 3 months ago.3. I read a very interesting novel yesterday evening.4. Mary spoke with her English teacher last week, about her exams.5. Last Monday, John wrote to his mother a letter.6. Last winter, I made a beautiful snowman in front of the house.7. You gave your sister a necklace for her birthday.8. Last year, Tim became a doctor.9. Mrs. Thompson taught Spanish and English every Monday and Wednesday.10. Father came from the office late at noon.

4. Treceti urmatoarele verbe la Trecutul Simplu:1. I sleep / I slept2. He plays / He played3. He run / He ran4. You speak / You spoke5. They don't read / They didn’t read6. He doesn't feel / He didn’t feel7. I meet / I met8.He catches / He caught9. You wake up / You woke up10. They leave / They left

5. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform precizarilor din paranteze:1. Where did you sleep last night? (at Cathy's) I slept at Cathy’s.2. When did you read this book? (3 weeks ago)I read this book 3 weeks ago.3. When did you find out about Susan's problems? (last Monday)I found out about Susan’s problems last Monday.4. Where did you meet your friends? (in the park)I met my friends in the park.

5. When did she study French (2 years ago)She studied French 2 years ago.6. Where did he work last year?(in a bank)He worked in a bank last year.7. When did they divorce? (4 years ago)They divorced 4 years ago.8. How did she die? (in a train accident)She died in a train accident.9. Who was Mihai Eminescu? (a Romanian poet)Mihai Eminescu was a Romanian poet.10. When was he born? (in 1973)He was born in 1973.

Trecutul ContinuuA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + Verbul la infinitiv +

terminatia "-ing"Exemple:1. I was learning a poem at this time yesterday.2. You were watering the flowers at this time yesterday.3.They were mending the radio at this time yesterday.

Interogativ:Was (pers.I/III sg) / Were (restul pers.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-

ing"Exemple:1. Was I learning a poem at this time yesterday?2. Were you watering the flowers at this time yesterday?3. Were they mending the radio at this time yesterday?

Negativ:Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv +

terminatia "-ing" Se folosesc adesea contractiile wasn't (was + not) si weren't (were + not) Exemple:1. I wasn't learning a poem at this time yesterday.2. You weren't watering the flowers at this time yesterday.3.They weren't mending the radio at this time yesterday.

B. Folosim Trecutul Continuu pentru:• a exprima o actiune in desfasurare ce a avut loc in trecut

Exemple: She was playing in her room at this time yesterday.They were listening music at this time last Saturday.

• a exprima o actiune repetata de-a lungul unei perioade de timp Exemple: Did she ask any questions?Oh, she was asking questions all the time.Did he buy any sweets?.

Oh, he was buying sweets all the time.C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Continuu: at this time yesterday,

from ... to ..., all day, for ... Exemple:1. Tom was typing some letters at this time yesterday .2. She was playing quitar from 6 to 8 o'clock.3. They were laughing all day.4. She was living in an old building for 6 years.

Exercitii:1. Spune ce facea fiecare pe vremea aceasta, martea trecuta:

Exemplu:Father was in the living-room. (watch) Father was watching TV.

1. My mother was in the kitchen. (cook) 2. Daniel was in the garden. (water flowers)3. Grandma was in the bedroom. (sleep) 4. Their friends were at the disco. (dance) 5. Aunt Mary and uncle John were in the garage. (repair car)

2. Ieri dimineata, toti elevii din clasa a sasea erau in clasa si se pregateau pentru testul de la matematica. Spune ce facea fiecare cand a intrat profesorul. Exemplu:Ana and Mary / clean the blackboard. Ana and Mary were cleaning the blackboard.

1. Christian / talk to his deskmate. 2. Victor / repeat some geometry formulas.3. Diana and Helen / look at some exercises. 4. George / read the math lesson. 5. Andreea / write her homework.

3. Treceti verbele la Trecutul Continuu:Exemplu:We are reading Shakespeare now.We were reading Shakespeare at this time yesterday, too.

1. Father is fixing the car in the garage.2. Timothy is painting the wall now.3. Granpa and Grandma are watching a movie now.4. Students are learning new Spanish words now.5. The boys are trying to fix a bicycle now.

4. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu:Exemplu:She (sing) for 2 hours yesterday.She was singing for 2 hours yesterday.

1. Tom (practice) in the language lab from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. yesterday.2. Mother (cook) all day yesterday.

3. My friends (watch) TV for 6 hours yesterday.4. Pupils (study) Spanish from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m..5. From 3 to 5 I (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.

5. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu. Aceste verbe exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc o perioada mai lunga de timp.Exemplu:I (work) in a restaurant in the centre of the city.I was working in a restaurant in the centre of the city.

1. I (live) in an old building.2. Mother (visit) me twice a week.3. I (share) my room with 2 girls.4. I (work) on Saturdays twice a month.5. I had a very good friend, Tom, and he (work) in the same restaurant with me.

Lectia 12: Trecutul Continuu - raspunsuri1. Spune ce facea fiecare pe vremea aceasta, martea trecuta:

1. My mother was in the kitchen. (cook)My mother was cooking.2. Daniel was in the garden. (water flowers)Daniel was watering flowers.3. Grandma was in the bedroom. (sleep)Grandma was sleeping.4. Their friends were at the disco. (dance)Their friends were dancing.5. Aunt Mary and uncle John were in the garage. (repair car)Aunt Mary and uncle John were repairing the car.

2. Ieri dimineata, toti elevii din clasa a sasea erau in clasa si se pregateau pentru testul de la matematica. Spune ce facea fiecare cand a intrat profesorul.1. Christian was talking to his deskmate. 2. Victor was repeating some geometry formulas.3. Diana and Helen were looking at some exercises. 4. George were reading the math lesson. 5. Andreea was writing her homework.

3. Treceti verbele la Trecutul Continuu:1. Father is fixing the car in the garage.Father was fixing the car in the garage at this time yesterday, too.2. Timothy is painting the wall now.Timothy was painting the wall at this time yesterday, too. 3. Granpa and Grandma are watching a movie now.Granpa and Grandma were watching a movie at this time yesterday, too.4. Students are learning new Spanish words now.Students were learning new Spanish words at this time yesterday, too.5. The boys are trying to fix a bicycle now.The boys were trying to fix a bicycle at this time yesterday, too.

4. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu:

1. Tom was practicing in the language lab from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. yesterday.2. Mother was cooking all day yesterday.3. My friends were watching TV for 6 hours yesterday.4. Pupils were studying Spanish from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m..5. From 3 to 5 I was playing tennis yesterday afternoon.

5. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu. Aceste verbe exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc o perioada mai lunga de timp.1. I was living in an old building.2. Mother was visiting me twice a week.3. I was sharing my room with 2 girls.4. I was working on Saturdays twice a month.5. I had a very good friend, Tom, and he was working in the same restaurant with me

Prezentul Perfect SimpluA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la forma a III-a

Exemple:1. I have washed her blouse.2. He has written his homework.3. We have learnt our English lesson.Interogativ:

Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + vb. la forma a III-aExemple:1. Have I washed her blouse?2. Has he written his homework?3. Have we learnt our English lesson?Negativ:

Subiect + have/has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la forma a III-aSe folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)Exemple:1. I haven't washed her blouse.2. He hasn't written his homework.3. We haven't learnt our English lesson.

B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Simplu pentru:• a exprima o actiune incheiata de curand, dar nu se cunoaste cu exactitate

momentul incheierii acesteiaExemple: I have cooked a delicious steak.They have finished their homeworks.

• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent; efectele actiunii se resimt si in prezentExemple: I have lived here since 1994.We have started classes for 3 hours.

C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Simplu: already, just, yetExemple:1. He has already finished his classes.

2. Tom has just spoken on the phone with Mary.3. They haven't written the exercise yet.

never, ever, oftenExemple:1. I have never heard such a thing.2. Have you ever read this news?3. I have often travelled by car to the countryside.

ever and beforeExemplu:Have you ever heard this song before?

for and sinceExemple:1. I've had my own car for four years.2. She has been ill since yesterday.

until now, so far, up to nowExemple:1. I haven't had any Math problems up to now.2. So far, he hasn't complained about his wage.3. Until now, I haven't heard about this English singer.

Exercitii:1. Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:Tom .......... (write) .......... his homework.Tom has just written his homework.

1. I .......... (fix) .......... my car.2. Father .......... (leave) .......... home.3. They .......... (arrive) .......... to the theatre.4. We .......... (see) .......... our Math teacher.5. He .......... (begin) .......... to cry.

2. Construieste propozitii la timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, cu ajutorul expresiilor din paranteza, ca in exemplele de mai jos:Exemple:I .......... arrive .......... home. (just)I have just arrived home.He .......... paint .......... this picture. (never)He has never painted this picture.They .......... do .......... their homeworks. (yet)They haven't done their homeworks yet.

1. Mary .......... cook .......... the soup. (already)2. John and Tom .......... watch .......... TV. (just)3. We .......... close .......... this window. (never) 4. Pupils .......... miss .......... the English class. (never)5. You .......... lie .......... to your mother. (often)

3. Raspunde la urmatoarele intrebari folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplele de mai jos:

Exemple:Have you ever heard this song before? (never)We have never heard this song before.Have you ever eaten this food before? (often)We have often eaten this food.

1. Has he ever spoken to his cousin before? (never)2. Have they ever played football? (often)3. Have you ever lied to your mother? (never)4. Has she ever skated before? (often)5. Have you ever drunk whisky? (never)

4. Construieste intrebari si raspunsuri ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:drive the carHave you driven the car yet?I'm afraid I haven't driven it yet.

1. have breakfast2. buy the buster3. send the letter4. clean the bathroom5. wash the dishes

5. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii ca in exemplul de mai jos, folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu:Exemplu:This is the most beautiful girl I .......... (see)This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

1. That is the most interesting movie he .......... (see)2. This is the best book she .......... (read)3. This is the biggest mall they .......... (visit)4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they .......... (buy)5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they .......... (see)

Lectia 13: Prezentul Perfect Simplu - raspunsuri1. Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Simplu:

1. I have just fixed my car.2. Father has just left home.3. They have just arrived to the theatre.4. We have just seen our Math teacher.5. He has just begun to cry.

2. Construieste propozitii la timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, cu ajutorul expresiilor din paranteza:1. Mary has already cooked the soup. (already)2. John and Tom have just watched TV. (just)3. We have never closed this window. (never) 4. Pupils have never missed the English class. (never)

5. You have often lied to your mother. (often)

3. Raspunde la urmatoarele intrebari folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu:1. Has he ever spoken to his cousin before? (never)He has never spoken to his cousin before.2. Have they ever played football? (often)They have often played football.3. Have you ever lied to your mother? (never)I have never lied to my mother.4. Has she ever skated before? (often)She has often skated before.5. Have you ever drunk whisky? (never)I have never drunk whisky.

4. Construieste intrebari si raspunsuri:1. have breakfastHave you had breakfast yet?I'm afraid I haven't had breakfast yet.2. buy the busterHave you bought the buster yet?I'm afraid I haven't bought it yet.3. send the letterHave you sent the letter yet?I'm afraid I haven't sent it yet.4. clean the bathroomHave you cleaned the bathroom yet?I'm afraid I haven't cleaned it yet.5. wash the dishesHave you washed the dishes yet?I'm afraid I haven't washed them yet.

5. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu:1. That is the most interesting movie he has ever seen.2. This is the best book she has ever read.3. This is the biggest mall they have ever visited.4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they have ever bought.5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they have ever seen.

Prezentul Perfect ContinuuA. Mod de formare

Afirmativ:Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"

Exemple:1. I have been waiting for your reply since yesterday.2. He has been sending me letters for 3 months.3. We have been crying for 3 hours.Interogativ:

Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + been + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"Exemple:1. Have I been waiting for your reply since yesterday?2. Has he been sending me letters for 3 months?

3. Have we been crying for 3 hours?Negativ:

Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)Exemple:1. I haven't been waiting for your reply since yesterday.2. He hasn't been sending me letters for 3 months.3. We haven't been crying for 3 hours.

B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Continuu pentru:• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut si care nu s-a incheiat inca

Exemple: She has been eating for ten minutes.They have been working for several hours.

• a descrie stari sau sentimente care au inceput in trecut si au continuat de-a lungul unei perioade de timp si sunt inca prezente in momentul vorbiriiExemple:I have lived here since 1994.We have started classes for 3 hours.

C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Continuu:since

Exemplu:You have been living in Paris since 1996.

forExemplu:They have been watching TV for 3 hours.

so farExemplu:So far, there have been arriving 10 passengers from London.

everExemplu:Have you ever been listening to the radio?

neverExemplu:I have never been travelling to France until now.

Exercitii:1. Pune verbele din paranteza la timpul Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:I (travel) abroad for 2 weeks.I have been travelling abroad for 2 weeks.

1. He (write) poems since 1997.2. The children (draw) this map for half an hour.3. The pupil (recite) the poem for ten minutes.4. I (study) English for 4 years.5. Sarah (do) her homework for 2 hours.

2. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind FOR + the last + Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:

He began watching TV 2 hours ago.He has been watching TV for the last 2 hours.

1. We began watering the flowers 2 days ago.2. Paul and Jim began writing their homework half an hour ago.3. Mother began going to the doctor 3 months ago.4. Father began cooking for his family 10 minutes ago.5. The poet began composing that poem 1 month ago.

3. Pune la forma interogativa a timpului Prezent Perfect Continuu, propozitiile de mai jos:Exemplu:He has been listening to the radio for 1 hour.Has he been listening to the radio for 1 hour?

1. Children have been staying in the bus for 10 hours.2. Pupils have been playing in the schoolgarden since noon.3. The detective has been investigating this case since 2000.4. The theatre show has been starting for 3 hours.5. I have been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001.

4. Completeaza spatiile goale cu "FOR" si "SINCE". Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Continuu:Exemplu:Helen (study) English .......... last summer.Heleng has been studying English since last summer.

1. We (talk) about that horrible accident .......... half an hour.2. She (cook) a chicken soup .......... 1 hour.3. They (phone) the manager .......... the last five minutes.4. Mary (live) in Manhattan .......... June 1998.5. It (rain) .......... morning.

5. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind "SINCE" si Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul urmator:Exemplu:It is raining. It started on Wednesday.It has been raining since Wednesday.

1. He is crying. He began at noon.2. Father is sleeping. He went to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening.3. We are travelling by train. We left Bucharest yesterday evening.4. The artist is drawing. He started his work in January.5. We are watching the football game. It began at 8 o'clock.

Lectia 14: Prezentul Perfect Continuu - raspunsuri1. Pune verbele din paranteza la timpul Prezentul Perfect Continuu:

1. He has been writing poems since 1997.2. The children have been drawing this map for half an hour.3. The pupil has been reciting the poem for ten minutes.

4. I have been studying English for 4 years.5. Sarah has been doing her homework for 2 hours.

2. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind FOR + the last + Prezentul Perfect Continuu:1. We began watering the flowers 2 days ago.We have been watering flowers for the last 2 days.2. Paul and Jim began writing their homework half an hour ago.Paul and Jim have been writing their homework for the last half an hour.3. Mother began going to the doctor 3 months ago.Mother has been going to the doctor for the last 3 months.4. Father began cooking for his family 10 minutes ago.Father has been cooking for his family for the last 10 minutes.5. The poet began composing that poem 1 month ago.The poet has been composing that poem for the last 1 month.

3. Pune la forma interogativa a timpului Prezent Perfect Continuu, propozitiile de mai jos:1. Children have been staying in the bus for 10 hours.Have been children staying in the bus for 10 hours?2. Pupils have been playing in the schoolgarden since noon.Have been pupils playing in the schoolgarden since noon?3. The detective has been investigating this case since 2000.Has the detective been investigating this case since 2000?4. The theatre show has been starting for 3 hours.Has the theatre show been starting for 3 hours?5. I have been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001.Have I been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001?

4. Completeaza spatiile goale cu "FOR" si "SINCE". Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Continuu:1. We have been talking about that horrible accident for half an hour.2. She has been cooking a chicken soup for 1 hour.3. They have been phoning the manager for the last five minutes.4. Mary has been living in Manhattan since June 1998.5. It has been raining since morning.

5. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind "SINCE" si Prezentul Perfect Simplu:1. He is crying. He began at noon.He has been crying since noon.2. Father is sleeping. He went to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening.Father has been sleeping since 9 o'clock in the evening.3. We are travelling by train. We left Bucharest yesterday evening.We have been travelling by train since yesterday evening.4. The artist is drawing. He started his work in January.The artist has been drawing since January.5. We are watching the football game. It began at 8 o'clock.We have been watching the football game since 8 o'clock

Trecutul perfect simplu si continuu – diateza activa

A. UtilizareTrecutul perfect simplu

Trecutul perfect simplu se foloseste pentru actiuni incepute inaintea unui anumit moment din trecut, mentionat sau nu si continuand inca in acel moment.Exemplu: They had lived there ever since they had been born. = Ei locuisera acolo de cand se nascusera.

Trecutul perfect continuuTrecutul perfect continuu se foloseste pentru o actiuni care au fost in curs de desfasurare pana cu putin inainte de un anumit moment din trecut.Exemplu: I had just been dressing when the bell rang. = Tocmai ma imbracasem cand a sunat soneria.

B. FormareTrecutul perfect simplu

AfirmativPronume + vb. “to have” (trecut simplu) + verbul de conjugat la participiu trecut

SingularI. I had seen/I’d seen = Eu vazusemII. You had seen = Tu vazusesiIII.m. He had seen = El vazuseIII.f. She had seen = Ea vazuseIII.n.It had seen = El/Ea vazuse

PluralI. We had seen = Noi vazuseramII. You had seen = Voi vazuseratiIII. They had seen = Ei/Ele vazusera

NegativPronume + vb. “to have” (trecut simplu) + “not” + verbul de conjugat la participiu

trecutSingular

I. I had not/hadn’t seen = Eu nu vazusemII. You hadn’t seen = Tu nu vazusesiIII.m. He hadn’t seen = El nu vazuseIII.f. She hadn’t seen = Ea nu vazuseIII.n. It hadn’t seen = El/Ea nu vazuse

PluralI. We hadn’t seen = Noi nu vazuseramII.You hadn’t seen = Voi nu vazuseratiIII. They hadn’t seen = Ei/Ele nu vazusera

InterogativHad + pronume + verbul de conjugat la participiu trecut

SingularI. Had I seen? = Eu vazusem?II. Had you seen? = Tu vazusesi?III.m. Had he seen? = El vazuse?III.f. Had she seen? = Ea vazuse?III.n. Had it seen? = El/Ea vazuse?

PluralI. Had we seen? = Noi vazuseram?II. Had you seen? = Voi vazuserati?III. Had they seen? = Ei/Ele vazusera?

Trecutul perfect continuuAfirmativ

Pronume + vb. “to have” (trecut simplu) + “been” + verbul de conjugat la participiu prezentSingular

I. I had been eating = Eu mancasemII. You had been eating = Tu mancasesiIII.m. He had been eating = El mancaseIII.f. She had been eating = Ea mancaseIII.n. It had been eating = El/Ea mancase

PluralI. We had been eating = Noi mancasemII. You had been eating = Voi mancaseratiIII. They had been eating = Ei/Ele mancasera

NegativPronume + vb. “to have” (trecut simplu) + not + “been” + verbul de conjugat la

participiu prezentSingular

I. I had not/hadn’t been eating = Eu nu mancasemII. You hadn’t been eating = Tu nu mancasesiIII.m. He hadn’t been eating = El nu mancaseIII.f. She hadn’t been eating = Ea nu mancaseIII.n. It hadn’t been eating = El/Ea nu mancase

PluralI. We hadn’t been eating = Noi nu mancasemII. You hadn’t been eating = Voi nu mancaseratiIII. They hadn’t been eating = Ei/Ele nu mancasera

InterogativVb. “to have” (trecut simplu) + pronume + “been” + verbul de conjugat la participiu

prezentSingular

I. Had I been eating? = Eu mancasem?II. Had you been eating? = Tu mancasesi?III.m. Had he been eating? = El mancase?III.f. Had she been eating? = Ea mancase?III.n. Had it been eating? = El/Ea mancase?

PluralI. Had we been eating? = Noi mancasem?II. Had you been eating? = Voi mancaserati?III. Had they been eating? = Ei/Ele mancasera?

Viitorul apropiat – diateza activaFormareViitorul apropiat

AfirmativPronume + vb. “to be”(prezent) + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitiv

SingularI. I am going to see = Eu o sa vadII. You are going to see = Tu o sa veziIII.m. He is going to see = El o sa vada

III.f. She is going to see = Ea o sa vadaIII.n.It is going to see = El/Ea o sa vada

PluralI. We are going to see = Noi o sa vedemII. You are going to see = Voi o sa vedetiIII. They are going to see = Ei/Ele o sa vada

NegativPronume + vb. “to be” (prezent) + “not” + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitiv

SingularI. I am not going to see = Eu nu o sa vadII. You aren’t going to see = Tu nu o sa veziIII.m. He isn’t going to see = El nu o sa vadaIII.f. She isn’t going to see = Ea nu o sa vadaIII.n. It isn’t going to see = El/Ea nu o sa vada

PluralI. We aren’t going to see = Noi nu o sa vedemII.You aren’t going to see = Voi nu o sa vedetiIII. They aren’t going to see = Ei/Ele nu o sa vada

InterogativVb. “to be” (prezent) + pronume + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitiv

SingularI. Am I going to see? = Eu o sa vad?II. Are you going to see? = Tu o sa vezi?III.m. Is he going to see? = El o sa vada?III.f. Is she going to see? = Ea o sa vada?III.n. Is it going to see? = El/Ea o sa vada?

PluralI. Are we going to see? = Noi o sa vedem?II. Are you going to see? = Voi o sa vedeti?III. Are they going to see? = Ei/Ele o sa vada?

Viitorul apropiat trecutAfirmativ

Pronume + vb. “to be” (trecut) + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitivSingular

I. I was going to eat = Eu aveam de gand sa manancII. You were going to eat = Tu aveai de gand sa mananciIII.m. He was going to eat = El avea de gand sa mananceIII.f. She was going to eat = Ea avea de gand sa mananceIII.n. It was going to eat = El/Ea avea de gand sa manance

PluralI. We were going to eat = Noi aveam de gand sa mancamII. You were going to eat = Voi aveati de gand sa mancatiIII. They were going to eat = Ei/Ele aveau de gand sa manance

NegativPronume + vb. “to be” (trecut) + not + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitiv

SingularI. I wasn’t going to eat = Eu nu aveam de gand sa manancII. You weren’t going to eat = Tu nu aveai de gand sa mananciIII.m. He wasn’t going to eat = El nu avea de gand sa manance

III.f. She wasn’t going to eat = Ea nu avea de gand sa mananceIII.n. It wasn’t going to eat = El/Ea nu avea de gand sa manance

PluralI. We weren’t going to eat = Noi nu aveam de gand sa mancamII. You weren’t going to eat = Voi nu aveati de gand sa mancatiIII. They weren’t going to eat = Ei/Ele nu aveau de gand sa manance

InterogativVb. “to be” (trecut) + pronume + “going to” + verbul de conjugat la infinitiv

SingularI. Was I going to eat? = Eu aveam de gand sa mananc?II. Were you going to eat? = Tu aveai de gand sa mananci?III.m. Was he going to eat? = El avea de gand sa manance?III.f. Was she going to eat? = Ea avea de gand sa manance?III.n. Was it going to eat? = El/Ea avea de gand sa manance?

PluralI. Were we going to eat? = Noi aveam de gand sa mancam?II. Were you going to eat? = Voi aveati de gand sa mancati?III. Were they going to eat? = Ei/Ele aveau de gand sa manance?

Viitorul SimpluAfirmativ

I will/shall (‘ll) paintYou will paintShe/he will paintWe shall paintYou will paintThey will paint

InterogativWill I paint?Will you paint?Will she/he paint?Will we paint?Will you paint?Will they paint?

NegativI will not (won’t) paintYou will not (won’t) paintHe/she will not (won’t) paintWe shall not (shan’t) paintYou will not (won’t) paintThey will not (won’t) paint

Se foloseste infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat precedat de verbul auxiliar will (cateodata shall la pers sing si pl)

Se foloseste :-exprima anticiparea unei actiuni sau stari

It will rain tomorrow.Maine va ploua.

Will in asemenea contexte are valoare neutra, exprimand doar ideea de viitor si nu aceea de vointa, transmisa de verbul modal will.

-exprima o intentie in viitor sau o decizie pentru viitor luata in momentul vorbirii, nu existenta anterior in mintea vorbitoruluiOh, you can get it! Wait a minute, I’ll help you…….Ah, nu poti ajunge s-o/sa-l iei! Asteapta o clipa, te voi ajuta…..Shall, auxiliarul pentru persoana I sing. si pl. este folosit in limbajul oficial, in vorbirea curenta preferandu-se will.

-propozitiile interogative cu will la pers. a II-â pot exprima o rugaminteWill you help me lift the chair?Vrei sa ma ajuti sa ridic scaunul?

-propozitiile interogative cu shall exprima fiw o oferta (Shall I go there for you?) fie cererea unui sfat (Where shall I go?)

Viitorul continuuAfirmativ

I will/shall (‘ll) be paintingYou will be paintingShe/he will be paintingWe shall be paintingYou will be paintingThey will be painting

InterogativWill I be painting?Will you be painting?Will she/hebe painting?Will we be painting?Will you be painting?Will they be painting?

NegativI will not/shall not be painting You will not be paintingShe/he will not be paintingWe will not/shall not be paintingWe will not be paintingYou will not be paintingThey will not be painting

Se foloseste viitorul verbului be + participiul prezent sl verbului de conjugat

Se foloseste:-exprima o actiune in desfasurare in viitor

This time tomorrow I’ll be having lunchMaine pe vremea asta voi lua masa de pranz

-exprima o actiune care urmeaza sa aiba loc ca fiind in ordinea fireasca a lucrurilorI’ll be writing to youIti voi scrieWill you be staying with us?Veti sta la noi?

-exprima o supozitie in legatura cu o actiune care are loc in prezentHe’ll be swimming now.Acum o fi innotand.

Future in the PastMod de formare: -se foloseste would in loc de will-cand viitorul wste exprimat de be going to, se foloseste past continuous in loc de

Present ContinuousIntrebuintrae:

Concordanta timpurilor cere folosirea acestui timp cu referire la actiuni sau stari ce erau viitoare intr-un moment trecutI knew he would succed.Stiam ca va reusiI thought you were going to leaveCredeam ca vei pleca

Future PerfectAfirmativ

I ‘ll have paintedYou ‘ll have paintedShe/he ‘ll have paintedWe ‘ll have paintedYou ‘ll have paintedThey ‘ll have painted

InterogativWill I have painted?Will you have painted?Will she/he have painted?Will we have painted?Will you have painted?Will they have painted?

NegativI won’t have paintedYou won’t have paintedShe/he won’t have paintedWe won’t have paintedYou won’t have paintedThey won’t have painted

Intrebuintare:-exprima o actiune care nu a avut loc inca, dar care se va fi intamplat inainte de un

moment in viitorThis time next year I’ll have completed my studies.La anul pe vremea aceasta imi voi fi terminat studiile.

Se formeaza: will have + a III-a forma (past participle) a verbului de conjugat

Future Perfect ContinuousAfirmativ

I ‘ll have been paintingYou ‘ll have been painting She/he ‘ll have been paintingWe ‘ll have been paintingYou ‘ll have been paintingThey ‘ll have been painting

InterogativWill I have been painting?Will you have been painting?Will she/he have been painting?Will we have been painting?Wull you have been painting?Will they have been painting?

NegativI won’t have been painting.You won’t have been painting.She/he won’t have been painting.We won’t have been painting.You won’t have been painting.They won’t have been painting.

Se formeaza: will have been + forma in –ing (participiu prezent) a verbului de conjugat

Intrebuinare: se foloseste pentru aa accentua ideea de desafurare a unei actiuni intr-un moment viitorI won’t have been working for this company very long when you visit us.Nu voi fi lucrand pentru aceasta firma de mult timp cand ne vei vizita.

Lista verbelor neregulateIn aceasta lectie vom vedea care sunt verbele neregulate, care sunt formele lor la infinitiv,

trecut si participiu trecut, precum si traducerea lor.Infinitiv Trecut Participiu trecut

TraducerePast tense Past participle

to abide abode abode a astepta, a sta, a locuito arise arose arisen a se ridica

to awake awoke awoke a se trezito be was, were been a fi

to bear bore born a se nasteto beat beat beaten a bate

to become became become a devenito begin began begun a icepe

to behold beheld beheld a zari, a vedeato bend bent bent a idoi

to beseech besought besought a implorato bear bore born a se nasteto bet bet bet a pariato bid bade bidden a oferi, a licita

to bind bound bound a legato bite bit bitten a musca

to bleed bled bled a sangerato bless blest blest a binecuvantato blow blew blown a suflato break broke broken a spargeto breed bred bred a cresteto bring brought brought a aduce

to broadcast broadcast broadcast a transmite prin radioto burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned) a ardeto burst burst burst a izbucnito buy bought bought a cumparato can could been able to a putea, a fi posibilto cast cast cast a arunca

to catch caught caught a prindeto choose chose chosen a alegeto cleave cleft cleft a despicato cling clung clung a se lipito come came come a venito cost cost cost a costa

to creep crept crept a se tarato cut cut cut a taia

to deal dealt dealt a se ocupa, a trata afacerito dig dug dug a sapato do did done a face

to draw drew drawn a desenato dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) a visato drink drank drunk a beato drive drove driven a conduce masinato dwell dwelt dwelt a locui, a ramane, a insistato eat ate eaten a mancato fall fell fallen a cadea

to feed fed fed a hranito feel felt felt a simtito fight fought fought a luptato find found found a gasito fly flew flown a zbura

to forbid forbade forbidden a interziceto forecast forecast forecast a prevedeato foresee foresaw foreseen a prevedeato foretell foretold foretold a preziceto forget forgot forgotten a uitato forgive forgave forgiven a iertato forgo forwent forgone a renunta la, a da uitariiforsake forsook forsaken a parasi

to freeze froze frozen a ighetato get got got a primito give gave given a dato go went gone a merge

to grind ground ground a macinato grow grew grown a cresteto hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) a spanzurato have had had a aveato hear heard heard a auzito hide hid hidden a ascundeto hit hit hit a lovi

to hold held held a tineto hurt hurt hurt a ranito keep kept kept a pastrato kneel knelt knelt a igenunchiato knit knit knit a tricota

to know knew known a sti, a cunoasteto lay laid laid a aseza

to lead led led a conduceto lean leant leant a se sprijini deto learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) a invatato leave left left a lasa, a parasito lend lent lent a împrumuta (cuiva)to let let let a permiteto lie lay lain a fi culcat

to light lit lit a aprindeto lose lost lost a pierde

to make made made a faceto mean meant meant a isemna

to meet met met a intalnito misgive misgave misgiven a inspira neicredereto mislead misled misled a induce i eroareto mistake mistook mistaken a itelege gresitto outdo outdid outdone a itrece

to overcome overcame overcome a ivingeto overdo overdid overdone a face exces

to pay paid paid a platito put put put a pune

to read read read a citito rend rent rent a sfasia, a rupeto ride rode ridden a calarito ring rang rung a sunato rise rose risen a se ridicato run ran run a alergato say said said a spuneto see saw seen a vedea

to seek sought sought a cautato sell sold sold a vinde

to send sent sent a trimiteto set set set a fixa, a reglato sew sewed sewn (sewed) a coase

to shake shook shaken a scutura, a clatinato shave shaved shaven a se barbierito shed shed shed a varsa (lacrimi)to shine shone shone a stralucito shoe shod shod a icalta, a potcovito shoot shot shot a împuscato show showed shown a aratato shrink shrank shrunk a se strangeto shut shut shut a ichideto sing sang sung a cantato sink sank sunk a se scufundato sit sat sat a sta (pe scaun)

to slay slew slain a ucideto sleep slept slept a dormito slide slid slid a alunecato sling slung slung a azvarlito slit slit slit a crapa, a despica

to smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) a mirosito smite smote smitten a lovito sow sowed sown a semana

to speak spoke spoken a vorbito speed sped sped a accelera, a gonito spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled) a pronunta litera cu litera

to spend spent spent a petrece, a cheltuito spill spilt spilt a varsato spin spun spun a toarce, a se rotito spit spat spat a scuipato split split split a despicato spoil spoilt spoilt a strica

to spread spread spread a itindeto spring sprang sprung a sari, a tasnito stand stood stodd a sta i picioareto steal stole stolen a furato stick stuck stuck a ifige, a se lipito sting stung stung a itepato stink stank stunk a mirosi uratto strike struck struck a lovito string strung strung a insira, a incorda

to strive strove striven a se straduito swear swore sworn a jurato sweep swept swept a maturato swim swam swum a inotato swing swung swung a se leganato take took taken a lua

to teach taught taught a ivata, a predato tear tore torn a rupe, a sfasiato tell told told a spune

to think thought thought a gandi, a credeto throw threw thrown a aruncato thrust thrust thrust a îmbrancito tread trod trodden a calca

to underlie underlay underlain a sustineto understand understood understood a itelge

to upset upset upset a suparato wake woke woken a se trezito wear wore worn a purta

to weave wove woven a teseto wet wet wet a udato win won won a castiga

to wind wound wound a se rasucito wring wrung wrung a frange, a smulgeto write wrote written a scrie