- NE ,-. / 00 1!ide for t$e e)ec!tion of *or%s in concrete and reinforcedconcrete#
. C 2- / 34 Normative for com"osition( "erformance and !se of casin&s sliders
5 C -4. / 65Normativ for com"osition( "erformance and !se of flat "anels tometal casin&s for solid concrete *alls of t$e +!ildin&s
2 C -- / 62Tec$nical instr!ctions re&ardin& t$e com"osition and !se inconstr!ction of "anels of "l'*ood to framin&
7 C 74/37Normative to c$ec% t$e !alit' of constr!ction *or%s and relatedfacilities
4 C -74 / 30
1!ide for a""lication of STAS 4476 8 5 / 30# Prefa+ricatedelements( concrete( reinforced concrete and "re/stressed
concrete# Processes and devices for c$ec%in& &eometricalfeat!res#
6 C -20 / 36Tec$nical instr!ctions on "roced!res to remed' t$e defects for t$econcrete and reinforced concrete#
3C -4 / 32
Normative for doin& constr!ction *or%s and related facilities in +ad*eat$er#
0 STAS -600 / 33Constr!ction of concrete( reinforced concrete and "re/stressedconcrete # T'"e and fre!enc' of c$ec%in& t$e !alit' of materialsand concrete for e)ec!tion of constr!ction *or%s#
3. MATERIALS AND E3UIPMENT USED. 3UALITY CECK. DELIVERY ANDLIN
STORAE
T$e com"osition of concrete m!st ens!re t$e re!irements of stren&t$ and s!staina+ilit' inaccordance *it$ Ta+le 7#2# NE# Code ,-./00#Re!irements to ens!re resistance are "rescri+ed +':
a9 relations$i" +et*een *ater8cement ratio and com"ressive stren&t$ of concrete(relations$i" determined for eac$ t'"e of cement( a&&re&ate t'"e and a&e of t$econcrete #
+9 resistence classes and c$aracteristic resistences determined on c!+e or c'linder as"ct#6#.#-# from NE ,-./00#
Re!irements for d!ra+ilit' of concrete are +ased on r!les concernin& t$e com"osition andselection of concrete materials# T$!s( de"endin& on t$e e)"os!re class of t$e +!ildin& / Ta+les
7#-#( 7#.#( 7#5# avera&e dr'( *et( dam" and frost *it$ icin& a&ents( marine or c$emicall'a&&ressive environment9 and environmental infl!ence on +!ildin& t$e s'stem normal 8moderate 8 severe9 are s$o*n in Ta+le 7#2# minim!m re!irements to ens!re d!ra+ilit' for concrete( and in Ta+le 7#7# minim!m dosa&e of cement to ens!re d!ra+ilit' of concrete# ;or +!ildin&s e)"osed to severe enviroments ratio *ater8cementA8C9 *ill +e smaller#
To "rod!ce a d!ra+le concrete t$at *ill *it$stand e)"os!re to environmental conditions andto "rotect t$e reinforcement a&ainst corrosion follo*in& re!irements m!st +e met:a9 T$e selection of concrete materials so t$at t$e' do not contain im"!rities t$at can dama&ed!ra+ilit' of concrete or "rod!ce corrosion of t$e re+ar#+9 C$oo<e t$e concrete com"osition so t$at concrete:c9 to meet all "erformance criteria s"ecified for reinforced concrete=
d9 can +e "o!red and com"acted to form a com"act str!ct!re to "rotect t$e re+are9 to avoid actions t$at dama&es internal concrete e& al%ali/a&&re&ate reaction9=f9 to resist e)ternal actions s!c$ as t$e environment#c9 Mi)in&( trans"ort( "!ttin& in *or% and com"action of fres$ concrete to ma%e so t$at materialsof concrete to +e !niforml' distri+!ted in t$e mi)t!re( not to se&re&ate and concrete to ma%e acom"act str!ct!re#d9 A""ro"riate treatment of t$e concrete to o+tain t$e desired "ro"erties of concrete and "ro"er "rotection of t$e re+ar#D!ra+ilit' re!irements necessar' re+ar "rotect a&ainst corrosion and "reserve t$ec$aracteristics of concrete to "$'sicoc$emical actions d!rin& t$e "eriod of service are desi&ned"rimaril' related to t$e "ermea+ilit' of concrete#
In NE ,-./00 reference is made to esta+lis$ t$e de&ree of im"ermea+ilit' of concretenecessar' de"endin& on t$e class of e)"os!re# STAS 54../34 sets t$e levels of "erformanceof concrete de"endin& on t$eir de&ree of im"ermea+ilit':
Limited "enetration de"t$ of *ater mm9-,, mm .,, mm
Resistance to frost/t$a* concrete c$aracteri<ed +' a de&ree of frostcleftness accordin& to t$en!m+er of c'cles of frost/t$a* s$o!ld meet "erformance levels s"ecified in STAS 54../34:
;rostcleftness de&ree of concrete
t$e frost/t$a* c'cles
1 7, 7,1 -,, -,,1 -7, -7,
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE. LEVEL FOR PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETEConcrete can +e ac$ieved on t$e +asis of com"ositions determined in t*o *a's:-# mi) concrete desi&ned in t$e station +' "rod!cer t$ro!&$ a certified la+orator'=.# "rescri+ed mi) concrete t$ro!&$ t$e s"ecification and 8 or !ser9 t$ro!&$ a la+orator'#Mi)in& concrete desi&n:C$oosin& com"onents and determinin& t$e com"osition of concrete is desi&ned +' t$e "rod!cer
+ased on "reliminar' defined mi)t!res and verified +' a la+orator'# T$e com"osition of t$econcrete s$o!ld +e desi&ned ta%in& into consideration t$e "rovisions of t$is s"ecification andt$e NE Code ,-./00#If t$e concrete mi)t!re desi&ned to +e s"ecified +ased on t$e com"osition of concrete:5# class resistance conf to t$e "ro?ect9=2# Ma)im!m si<e of &ran!lar a&&re&ates conf to t$is s"ecification9=7# consistence of fres$ concrete conf to t$is s"ecification94# t$e A 8 C ma) conf to t$is s"ecification96# minim!m dosa&e and t'"e of cement conf to t$is s"ecification9
-# Dosa&e of cement in c!+ic meters of concrete 8 concrete class=.# T'"e and class of cement=5# Consistenc' and t$e A 8 C of fres$ concrete=2# T'"e of a&&re&ate=7# Ma)im!m si<e of a&&re&ates and t$e &ran!losit'=4# T$e t'"e and amo!nt of additive or admi)t!re#
Minim!m dosa&e of cement concrete for "lain and reinforced concrete( de"endin& on e)"os!re
conditions( esta+lis$ed !nder NE# ,-./00 ca"#7 / ta+le 7#7# And s"ecified in Anne) I#29#Minim!m dosa&e are valid *$en !sin& a&&re&ates of , ### 5- mm a&&re&ates for t$e , ### -4 mmdosa&es increase +' -,@ and t$e a&&re&ate , ### 6- mm is red!ced +' -,@# If t$e !se of admi)t!res in t$e "re"aration of concrete or t$e !se of additives red!ced *ater *it$ t$e o"inionof a s"ecialist instit!te and t$e desi&ner( can ta%e t$e dosa&es of inferior cement t$e ta+le+elo*:
;or first class of e)"os!re normal9:
Settin& t$e t'"e of additive is made +':a9 Str!ct!ral en&ineer in case t$e !sa&e of additive is im"osed +' t$e "ro?ect#
/ T$e re!irements im"osed +' t$e e)ec!tion of s"ecial tec$nolo&' and t'"e of additiveis not re!ired +' t$e "ro?ect=
/ E)ec!tion of *or%s in ot$er conditions t$an normal d!rin& *arm or cold9=/ Pre"aration of concrete on site( and +' desi&n is not esta+lis$ed t$e t'"e of additive=
/ O+tainin& resistances control "$ases in s$ort terms#c9 T$e s!""lier of concrete to ac$ieve t$e re!irements of resistance( im"rovin& !niformit' of concrete and if necessar'( increase t$e d!ration of trans"ort#Consistenc' of concrete "!t in "lace to o"erate is determined +' t$e ;ield en&ineer( accordin&to ta+le I#2#5# NE of ,-./00( so t$at concrete can +e trans"orted and "!t in *or% conditions#
LEVELS FOR PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE ;or fres$ concrete:• Consistence( as a meas!re of malea+ilit' t$at can +e determined accordin& to NE# "ct#6#-#- of ,-./00 +' t$e follo*in& met$ods: settlin& cone( remodelin& VE/E( de&ree of com"action and"ro"a&ation#
;or $ardened concrete:
/ RESISTANCE TO COMPRESSION / concrete class is defined +ased on t$e c$aracteristicresistance fc% cil fc% c!+e9 is com"ressive stren&t$ in N8mm. on c'linders -7,85,, mm or c!+es *it$ a side of -7, mm9 in a&e .3 da's( !nder *$ose val!e ma' +e statisticall' sit!ate nomore t$an 7@ of t$e res!lts#
class C287 C38-,
C-.8-7
C-48.,
C.,8.7
C.785,
C5,856
C57827
C2,87,
C27877
C7,84,
f c% cil 2 3 -. -4 ., .7 5, 57 2, 27 7,
f c% c!+ 7 -, -7 ., .7 5, 56 27 7, 77 4,
Concrete class definition accordin& to code NE# ,-./00 re&ards "reservation of t!+esaccordin& to STAS -.67/33#
Bntil t$e introd!ction of "atterns for man!fact!rin& t!+es of .,,- 'ear term9φ-7,)-7,)-7,
mm c!+ic and c'lindrical -7,)5,,mm( it can +e acce"ted t$e determination of t$econcrete class of t!+es c!+ic -2-)-2-)-2- mm#• RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION O; >ATER• RESISTANCE TO ;ROEN• Densit' of concrete( determined at .3 da's accordin& to STAS .2-280-#
MATERIALS USED IN PREPARING CONCRETE Cement
To ac$ieve concrete class to t$e "ro?ect is recommended to !se ran&e of Portland cement(Class I 8 I82.#7 or 5.#7( *it$o!t additives( *it$ resistance initiall' normal( accordin& to tec$nicalconditions of SR533 / 07 e!ivalent to Pa57 or Pa2, former STAS -7,, // 639# Itsc$aracteri<ation( and field of !se and conditions are s"ecified in Anne) I#- in N#E# ,-./00#
T$e ran&e of Portland cement I85.#7 c!rrent *or%s of reinforced concrete in normal o"eratin&conditions( *$ic$ do not im"ose s"ecific re!irements( accordin& to ta+les I#.#-# of NE ,-./00#S"ecial concrete in contact *it$ &ro!nd*ater( identified *it$ car+on a&&ression *ill +e e)ec!tedin accordance *it$ STAS ..50835#
De!7e(8 #& $(#&'p%($Cement is delivered in +!l% or "ac%ed in "a"er +a&s( accom"anied +' a certificate of
!alit'# In case t$e cement dis"atc$ed +' t$e s!""lier is ta%en over a +ase of s!""l'( it iso+li&ed to deliver t$e !ser to iss!e a certificate of &!arantee *$ic$ states:/ T'"e of cement and factor' "rod!ction=/ Date of arrival in t$e *are$o!se=/ T$e certificate of !alit' iss!ed +' t$e man!fact!rer=/ T$e !se notice certified +' la+orator'=
/ens!re t$at t$e conditions of stora&e#
Cement s$i""ed in +!l% are trans"orted in cistern *a&ons( tan%ers( containers or closed*a&ons( dedicated to t$is "rod!ct#Trans"ortation of cement "ac%ed in +a&s is made +' closed *a&ons or covered tr!c%s#
StorageStora&e of cement *ill +e made onl' after receivin& t$e !antit' and !alit'( incl!din& t$ro!&$t$e esta+lis$ment of e)istence or certificate of !alit' &!arantee and verification of free stora&eca"acit' in silos for cement t'"e or in s"eciall' e!i""ed rooms# >$enever "ossi+le( stora&ecements directl' from t$e "rod!cer( *ill +e made after verification from t$e "$'sical la+orator'#Cement in +!l% stora&e *ill +e silo/t'"e cells( *$ic$ *erent "revio!sl' stored ot$er materials#
Stora&e of cement "ac%ed in +a&s m!st +e done in closed rooms# In case of *ooden*are$o!ses( t$e' *ill $ave eaves of ma)# 7, cm *idt$( and t$e floor *ill +e +!ilt at least 5, cma+ove t$e &ro!nd# In case t$e stora&e room $as concrete floor( t$e +a&s *ill +e "laced on+oards *it$ inters"aces to ens!re air circ!lation inside t$e stac%# +a&s *ill +e seated in t$estac%s( leavin& t$e free distance of 7, cm from t$e e)terior *alls aro!nd t$em and %ee"s as!fficient s"ace for circ!lation#Piles s$all $ave t$e date of arrival of cement mar%ed ( &rade and date of man!fact!re# Cement*ill +e !sed in t$e man!fact!rin& order data# D!ration of stora&e *ill not e)ceed 4, da's fromt$e date of dis"atc$ +' t$e "rod!cer of cements *it$ additives and 5, da's in t$e case *it$o!tadded cements# Cement remained in stora&e over t$e "eriod of *arrant' or im"ro"er cond!ct*ill not +e !sed in concrete *or%s and concrete !ntil after c$ec%in& t$e state of conservationand mec$anical resistances#
At intermediate de"osits and reserve de"osits of t$e concrete station *ill mar% concretesilos for eac$ "!rel' assortment of cement to +e !sed# Mar%in& silos *ill +e a form of cementstandard s'm+ol *it$ letters and n!m+ers at least 7, cm $i&$#
>$en necessar' to c$an&e t$e ran&e of cement stored in silos are f!ll' em"tied t$ro!&$"ne!matic installation and *ill mar% t$e ne* selection to +e stored# T$e entire life of silos *ill%ee" lots of cement stored in eac$ silo( +' recordin& t$e dail' arrivals and deliveries
C$ec%in& t$e !alit' of cement *ill +e:/ T$e s!""l'( incl!din& c$ec%in& t$e certificate of &!arantee iss!ed +' t$e "rod!cer or t$edeliver' "oint !nder 2#-#5# of NE ,-./00#/ efore !se( +' a certified la+orator'#F!alit' control of cement is &iven in "ara&ra"$ -6#.#-#-# Anne) VI of t$e Code of "ractice fort$e "erformance of reinforced concrete *or%s NE ,-./00#
In case lots ran&e of cement s!""lied not meet t$e !alit' &!aranteed( *ill s!s"end or "ro$i+itt$eir !se#
NATURAL AREATES
Technical Terms ;or "re"aration of concrete $avin& a""arent densit' of +et*een .,,- / .7,, %&8m5( is
+ein& !sed a&&re&ates *it$ normal densit' -.,-/.,,, %&8m59( derived from cr!s$in& nat!raland 8 or cr!s$in& roc%s# Tec$nical conditions *$ic$ m!st satisf' t$e a&&re&ates are s$o*n inSTAS -446 8 64#Pre"aration for concrete sorts are !sed:/ Sand of &ran!losit' +et*een , and 5 mm and 5 to 6 mm=/ 1ravel of &ran!losit' +et*een 6 and -4 and -4 mm and 5- mm#Bsin& ot$er sorts of a&&re&ates can +e done onl' *it$ t$e desi&ner#C!rve &ran!losit' t$e a&&re&ate total m!st fall / de"endin& on t$e dosa&e of cement andconcrete consistenc' / in t$e area re&istered !nder Ta+les -#2#7 ### -#2#3 of Anne) I#2 / B#S#
Code ,-./00#
Storage A&&re&ates s$o!ld not +e contaminated *it$ ot$er materials d!rin& trans"ortation or stora&e# A&&re&ates s$o!ld +e stored on concrete "latforms *it$ slo"es and c!lverts e)$a!st *ater#Se"arate stora&e of vario!s sorts *ill create com"artments *it$ a""ro"riate $ei&$t to avoidmi)in& *it$ ot$er sorts#In case of lo* vol!mes of a&&re&ates( *ill +e stored on *ooden "latforms in t$e +ottom or !sin&facilities recovera+le# Stora&e is not "ermitted directl' on t$e &ro!nd or "latform +ed#
Qua!t" #o$tro o% aggregate'F!alit' control of a&&re&ates *ill +e:
/ To s!""l' !nder Anne) VI#-# Section A#.# B#S# Code ,-./00#/ efore !se( accordin& to Anne) VI#-# Section #.# B#S# Code ,-./00#Met$ods of testin& are covered in STAS 24,4 / 3,#In case lots ran&e of a&&re&ate s!""lied does not meet t$e &!aranteed !alit' consi&nment *ill+e denied#
(ATER >ater !sed in t$e "re"aration of concrete ma' come from "!+lic net*or% or ot$er so!rce( +!t
in t$is case s$o!ld meet t$e tec$nical conditions sti"!lated in STAS 60, / 32#
ADDITIVES Additives are c$emicals t$at are added in concrete in amo!nts less t$an or e!al to 7@ from
t$e dr' mass of cement#
Bsin& additives in t$e "re"aration of concrete aims to:/ Im"rovin& malea+ilit'( in elements *it$ t$ic% re+ars( t$in sections or "!m"ed concrete=/ O+tain concrete !""er class=/ Re&!latin& t$e "rocess of stren&t$enin&( dela' or acceleration( de"endin& on tec$nolo&icalre!irements=/ Increasin& resistance( d!ra+ilit' and im"rovin& !niformit' of concrete#/ Im"rovin& *ater "roofness#Common t'"es of additives and conditions of !se are s"ecified in Anne) I#5# of NE ,-./00#Bsin& ot$er t'"es of additives or t$e sim!ltaneo!s !se of . t'"es of additives in t$e event t$atcom"ati+ilit' is not %no*n and t$eir side effects on concrete( is admitted onl' after cond!ctin&"reliminar' tests and t$e o"inion of a s"ecialist instit!te#
Primar' and secondar' effects of additives on "ro"erties of concrete are "resented in Ta+le-#5#-# of NE ,-./00# Infl!ence of additives on t$e c!rrent !se of "ro"erties of concrete is"resented in Ta+le -#5#.# Anne) I#5# / NE ,-./00#
ADMI)TURES Admi)t!res are fine inor&anic materials t$at can +e added in concrete in amo!nts e)ceedin&7@ from t$e dr' mass of cement( in order to im"rove its c$aracteristics malea+ilit' de&ree of im"ermea+ilit'( resistance to a&&ressive c$emical a&ents9( or to ac$ieve s"ecial "ro"erties#
T$ere are t*o t'"es of additives:/ Inert( "artial re"lacement of "art of fine a&&re&ate( *$ic$ is red!ced +' a+o!t -,@ t$e
amo!nt of sand of ,/5 mm a&&re&ates# !se of added inert leads to im"rovement of concrete
com"actness=/ Active case in *$ic$ t$e matter of t$e addition of $'dra!lic "ro"erties# Active additives are
&ran!lated f!rnace sla&( as$( silica d!st( etc##In case of additives *it$ $'dra!lic "ro"erties( to calc!late t$e *ater 8 cement A 8 C9 it considerst$e addition of concrete as "art +inder#Bsin& additives is in accordance *it$ s"ecific re&!lations in force( a&reements or tec$nical+asis of st!dies dra*n !" +' s"eciali<ed la+oratories# Additions s$o!ld not contain s!+stancest$at inflente<e ne&ative "ro"erties of concrete or ca!se corrosion of re+ars#
CONCRETE PREPARATION
Staff involved in t$e "rod!ction and control of concrete *ill $ave t$e necessar' %no*led&e and*ill +e certified for t$ese t'"es of activit'# ;or o"erations of dosin& and mi)in& of all concreteinstallations and e!i"ment s$o!ld ens!re t$e "ro"er f!nctionin& of t$eir re!irements for t$eset'"es of o"erations( as s"ecified in NE# ,-./00#If t$e concrete is delivered from stations( field/en&ineer and investor ma' $ave t$e ri&$t toverif' t$e "ro"er f!nctionin& of t$e e!i"ment and installations and also to c$ec% if deliver'time meet t$e tec$nical re!irements and deliver' recei"t if it contains all t$e necessar'information # C$ec%s s$o!ld not +e !sed as station concrete "roof of t$e !alit' control of concrete and &rad!ate station concrete "re"aration of a concrete deliver' res"onsi+ilit'
re!irements( nor to e)cl!de a f!rt$er re?ection of t$e concrete +' t$e client#To ens!re "ro"er !alit' level of e)"ectations( field/en&ineers of constr!ction *or%s or t$einvestor or $is re"resentatives can *or% *it$ a la+orator' ot$er t$an t$e concrete station for t$is%ind of *or%( *$ic$ is e!i""ed *it$ all facilities and e!i"ment necessar' to ma%e s"ecific
determinations and !alit' control of concrete# If field en&ineer a""eals to a la+orator'inde"endent forei&n enter"rises( s$o!ld +e s"ecified in t$e contract all determinationsnecessar' to ass!re !alit' control of concrete( de"endin& on t$e s"ecific *or%#
Re!$%or#e&e$tTechnical TermsSteels for concrete m!st conform to Gtec$nical s"ecification of re!irements and "erformancecriteria for steels !sed in concrete str!ct!res and to meet t$e tec$nical conditions sti"!lated inSTAS 2538-/30 for flat steel "rofile O 569( in STAS 2538./0- for steel "rofiled PC 7.( PC 4,9in t$e STAS 253 8 5 8 2/03 for nets and "!lled *ires *elded to reinforced concrete9( and STAS-,-,6 8 , / 0,#T'"es of fittin&s are c!rrentl' !sed:/ O 56 / concrete steel ro!nd( flat( for fittin&s and constr!ction fittin&s resistance *$ose si<eres!ltin& from com"liance *it$ t$e minim!m reinforcement=
/ PC 7. / concrete steel *it$ $i&$er resistance( *it$ a re&!lar "rofile( fittin&s for t$e resistanceof str!ct!ral elements of reinforced concrete located in t$e "otential "lastic area/ST/7,,S / concrete steel *it$ $i&$er resistance( *it$ a re&!lar "rofile( fittin&s for t$eresistance of str!ct!ral elements of reinforced concrete located in areas of elastic +e$aviorIn case of !se of steels from im"ort is mandator' e)istin& certificate of !alit' iss!ed +' a !nitof im"orted steel( or ens!re t$at t$eir dis"osal# T$e certificate of !alit' is a""ro"riate tomention t$e t'"e of steel STAS 2538-/. 8 30/0-( e!ivalence is made +' ta%in& into acco!nt allt$e "arameters of !alit'# In case t$ere is do!+t a+o!t $o* to e!ivalence cond!cted( t$eman!fact!rer can onl' !se steel from t$e res!lts of la+orator' tests and t$e *ritten consent of t$e desi&ner#
De!*er" a$+ &ar,!$gDeliver' of steel concrete *ill +e made !nder t$e c!rrent "rovisions and accom"anied +' a
certificate of !alit'# In cases *$ere deliver' is made +' a s!""l' +ase its re!ired to sendcertificates of &!arantee "ro"er lots t$at delivers# T$e doc!ments accom"an'in& t$e deliver' of steel from t$e concrete "rod!cer m!st contain t$e follo*in& information:/ Name and t'"e of steel( t$e standard !sed=/ All information for t$e identification of +atc$es=/ Net *ei&$t=/ T$e determinants of "erformance criteria#Eac$ lin% or c!rl +ars or *elded nets *ill $ave a la+el( ri&$t a+o!t t$at *ill contain:/ Mar% t$e "rod!ct=/ T'"e of re+ar=/ atc$ n!m+er and t$e $oo" or connection=/ Net *ei&$t=/ T$e CTC#Steel s!""lied +' intermediaries *ill +e accom"anied +' a certificate of !alit' *$ic$ *ill containall of t$e doc!ments iss!ed +' t$e man!fact!rer of steel concrete#
Tra$'-ort a$+ 'torage Reinforcement +ars( *elded nets and reinforcement of "refa+ricated carcasses *ill +e
trans"orted and stored so t$at *ill not s!ffer dama&e or t$e "resence of s!+stances t$at can
affect t$e re+ar and 8 or concrete or concrete/reinforcement ad$esion# Steels for fittin&s to +estored se"aratel' on t$e t'"es and diameters( in s"aces desi&ned and "ro"erl' e!i""ed so asto ens!re:/ T$e avoidance of conditions favora+le to corrosion of steel=
/ Avoid stainin& *it$ eart$ or ot$er material=/ Providin& o""ort!nities for eas' identification of eac$ t'"e and diameter#
Qua!t" Co$tro
Re+ars *ill +e c$ec%ed !nder Gtec$nical s"ecification of re!irements and "erformance criteriafor steels !sed in constr!ction# ;or eac$ t'"e and !antit' s!""lied( t$e o"eration control iscarried o!t !nder t$e "rovisions of C$a"ter -6 section -6#.#-#-# ;9 and Anne) VI#- section A#79 NE ,-./00 of t$e Code( namel':/ E)aminin& t$e e)istence and content of doc!ments certif'in& t$e !alit' and com"arin& t$edata recorded in t$e certificate re!irements for t$e re&!lated "rod!ct=/ E)amination of t$e iss!e=/ C$ec% +' cold +endin&#
/ Verification of t$e mec$anical c$aracteristics resistance to fract!re( flo* limit( elon&ation at
+rea%9#
. E9ECUTION OF TECNOLOY C#'!&' #& '*pp%($ Casin&s and s!""ortin& t$eir need to +e made and mo!nted so as to meet t$e follo*in&conditions:
a9 to ens!re &ettin& t$e s$a"e( si<e and de&ree of finis$( t$e "ro?ect "rovided for t$eitems to +e e)ec!ted accordin& to form in t$e "ermissi+le deviations &iven in Anne) III#-#B#S# Code ,-./00#
+9 to +e sealed so t$at 'o! do not allo* t$e loss of cement mil%=c9 to +e sta+le and resilient !nder loads t$at ma' occ!r d!rin& e)ec!tion=d9 to +e s!fficientl' ri&id to ens!re covera&e for t$e str!ct!re and ot$er*ise not affect t$ea+ilit' to *ear#e9 +e so arran&ed t$at it +e "ossi+le dis"la' correct location of re+ar( and ac$ievin& a"ro"er com"action of t$e concrete#f9 to res"ect t$e tec$nical re&!lations in force# S!"ervision and control *ill ens!re t$ecasin&s in accordance *it$ t$e "lans and e)ec!tion of s"ecific tec$nical re&!lations#&9 ens!re t$e order of assem+l' and disassem+l' *it$o!t t$e esta+lis$ed de&rade t$econcrete casin&s or com"onents cofrate and s!""ort=$9 to allo* a sale to des$!tter eas'( a &rad!al ta%eover of t$e load elements *it$o!t im"actor dama&e t$e concrete#T$e inner s!rface of t$e casin&s need to +e clean# S!+stances for l!+rication of false*or%des$!tter a&encies9 s$o!ld +e a""lied in !niform la'ers on t$e interior s!rface of casin&sand concrete m!st +e "o!red *$ile t$ese a&ents are effective# Des$!tter a&encies s$o!ldnot stain t$e concrete( affectin& t$e d!ra+ilit' of concrete( or corrode t$e casin&s( eas' toa""l' to %ee" t$eir "ro"erties in t$e same climate conditions and d'namic e)ec!tion of t$e*or%s# Election a&ents of des$!tterin& *ill +e +ased on tec$nical or re&!lator' a""rovals#Casin&s are made of *ood or "rod!cts +ased on *ood( metal or "lastic "rod!cts# T$ematerials !sed m!st matc$ t$e s"ecific re&!lations in force# Details of t$e com"ositioncasin&s *ill develo" t$e constr!ction of t$e "ro?ect e)ec!tion tec$nolo&' or a s"eciali<ed
instit!te#Casin&s( s!""ortin& and fastenin& "arts are ta%in& into acco!nt t$e si<e s"ecification data int$e G1!ide for desi&n and !se of casin&s#andlin&( trans"ort and stora&e casin&s *ill +e made so as to avoid deformation and t$eir
de&radation *ettin&( dirt( rottin&( r!st'( etc#9##It is for+idden to directl' de"osit casin&s on t$e &ro!nd or to stora&e ot$er materials on t$e"iles of "anel casin&s#efore +e&innin& o"eration of mo!ntin& casin&s( *ill clean and "re"are s!rfaces t$at *ill
come in contact *it$ concrete t$at is &oin& to +e "o!red and it *ill c$ec% and correct t$e"osition of re+ars#
In cases in *$ic$ t$e s!""ortin& casin&s s!""orts on t$e &ro!nd it *ill ens!re allocationre!ests( ta%in& into acco!nt t$e de&ree of com"action and soa%in& o""ort!nities( so as toavoid "rod!cin& settlin&# In cases *$ere t$e land is fro<en or e)"osed to frost s!""ort claims
*ill +e made so as to avoid movin& t$em de"endin& on t$e tem"erat!re#
S/APING REINFORCEMENT
S$a"in& +ars( man!fact!rin& and installation of reinforcement carcasses *ill +e donein strict accordance *it$ t$e "ro?ect and com"liance *it$ com"osition for reinforced concreteelements sti"!lated in STAS -,-,6 8 , / 0,( "ara&ra"$ 4 on t$e follo*in&:/ Reinforced anc$orin& lon&it!dinal and cross !nder section 4#.#=/ Provision of additional "oles( accordin& to section 4#2#=/ Additional "rovisions for +eams !nder section 4#7#=/ Provision of additional sla+s( accordin& to section 4#4#Prior to move to s$a"in& reinforced( t$e field/en&ineer *ill revie* t$e "ro?ect( ta%in& intoacco!nt t$e "ractical "ossi+ilities of fittin& and fi)in& of +ars( and tec$nolo&ical as"ects of com"action and concretin&# If it is deemed necessar' *ill +e re!ired to revie* t$e desi&n of reinforcement in t$e "ro?ect#S"inner fittin&s *$ic$ m!st +e clean and strai&$t# ;or t$is "!r"ose *ill +e removed:/ An' im"!rities from t$e +ars=/ R!st +' r!++in& *it$ *ire +r!s$( es"eciall' in areas *$ere t$e +ars are to +e e%in& +' *eldin&#
After r!st removal( red!cin& t$e si<e +ar area s$o!ld not e)ceed t$e diameter limit deviationss"ecified in "rod!ct standards#
O## delivered in coils or +ars +ent m!st +e t!rned +efore it can "roceed *it$ c!ttin& andtrimmin&( *it$o!t dama&in& t$e "rofile 'et# In tension *it$ *inc$es( ma)im!m alon&ation *illnot e)ceed - mm 8 m#
ars are c!t and s$a"ed to +e stored in "ac%a&es la+eled( so as to avoid t$eir conf!sionand ens!re "reservation of t$eir s$a"e and cleanliness to *$en installin&# If( d!e to localconditions( ma' +e favored steel corrosion( *e recommend installation and concretein& re+ars*it$in -7 da's of formin&#;ittin&s *ill +e done *it$ or *it$o!t noses( !nder t$e "ro?ect# If smoot$ re+ars( *it$ dimater GdG(nose fold to -3, de&#( *it$ a minim!m inside radi!s G-#.7 dG and t$e ri&$t end "ortion( !s!all' atleast 7 d# If reinforced *it$ re&!lar "rofile( nose fold to 0,de&# *it$ a minim!m inner radi!s G.dGand ri&$t end "ortion( t'"icall' less G6dG# Inclined +endin& +ars( t$e "assa&e of +eams or
col!mns in t$e "ast over t$e corner of a frame*or% *ill
done +' an arc of a circle at least( G-,dG# eads tilted +ars s$o!ld $ave a ri&$t "ortion *it$ alen&t$ of at least G.,dG in stretc$ed areas and at least G-,dG in t$e com"ressed areas# If stirr!"s
fold after a ri&$t an&le( t$e +endin& radi!s of t$e circle *ill +e minimal G.dG# Stirr!"s +ars areclose to noses in -57de&#( *it$ len&t$ of at least G-,dG or -, cm( *$ere d is t$e diameter of stirr!"#Stirr!"s s$a"in& and +endin& *ill +e made *it$ a slo* motion( *it$o!t s$oc%s# In t$e +endin&
mac$ines is not admissi+le in +ent steel +ars *it$ a re&!lar "rofile at $i&$ s"eed of t$e car *$en it $as t*o s"eeds# Pro$i+itin& s$a"in& reinforced at tem"erat!res +elo*/-, C# ars *it$ are&!lar "rofile *it$ a diameter &reater t$an .7 mm *ill +e t$e $ot fas$ion# Recommendations for s$a"in& +ars( mo!ntin& and +indin& are in Anne) II#-# NE# Code ,-./00#
Reinforcement s$o!ld +e c!t( +ent( mani"!lated so as to avoid:/ Mec$anical dama&e e&# Nic%( "erc!ssion9=/ rea%s in t$e *elds *elded enclos!res or nets=/ Contact *it$ s!+stances t$at ma' affect t$e ad$esion "ro"erties or "rocesses can ca!secorrosion#S"ecific tests or determinations *elded nets( incl!din& verification of !alit' *eld nodes *ill +e
!nder STAS 253 8 5 / -030#
MOUNTING REINFORCEMENT
Reinforced assem+l' can +e&in onl' after receivin& a !alit' casin&s and acce"tance +'t$e desi&n of concretein& "roced!re of elements or "arts of t$e str!ct!re *$ose vol!mee)ceeds -,, cm and is re!ired to +e "rovided +' castin& ?oints#Mo!ntin& re+ars *ill ado"t meas!res to ens!re t$e "ro"er develo"ment of "o!rin& and concretecom"actation +':/ Creation of em"t' s"aces +et*een fittin&s at t$e to"( allo*in& free "enetration of t$e concreteor $oses t$at do*nload t$e concrete at intervals of ma)# 5 m=
/ Creatin& s"aces re!ired "enetration of s$a%er mac$ine( at least .#7 times t$e diameter andt$e ma)im!m of 7 times t$e t$ic%ness of t$e item( s$a%er mac$ines t'"ical diameters +ein& 53or 73 mm#In case 'o! are not ins!red !nder t$e a+ove:/ >ill +e assem+led or "artiall' closin& t$e !""er reinforcement( *ill +e com"leted +efore t$elast sta&e of concretein&=/ >ill +e re!ired( if necessar'( revie* t$e "rovisions sti"!lated in t$e reinforcement "ro?ect#;ittin&s *ill +e mo!nted in "osition to t$e "ro?ect( is ta%in& ste"s to ass!re its maintenanced!rin& "o!rin& concrete distance "iecs( cli"s( &oats( etc#9## In t$is res"ect *ill +e "rovided:/ At least fo!r distance "ieces eac$ m. of "late or *all str!ct!re=
/ At least one distance "iece ever' linear feet of col!mn or +eam for φH -. mm9( and at least
t*o distance "ieces ever' linear feet of col!mn or+eam for φ -. mm9
/ At least one distance "iece amon& t$e ran%s of fittin&s ever' t*o linear feet of +eamreinforcement in t$e area *it$ t*o or more ro*s#Distance "ieces can +e made of cement mortar in t$e form of a "rism "rovided *it$ a *ire to +econnected +' fittin&s or made of "lastic# It is for+idden to !se as s"acers Co!"ons steel/concrete( e)ce"t distance "ieces +et*een ro*s of re+ars on t*o or more lines( +eams9# Tomaintain "osition of re+ars in t$e to" "late distance "ieces *ill +e !sed in steel/concrete
s!""orted on lo*er re+ar or distance "ieces and arran&ed +et*een t$em at t$e distance of onemeter - +!c8m.9 field and at 7, cm 2 +!c8m.9 in areas in t$e console# If reinforced *it$ adiameter &reater t$an -2 mm is "ermitted overcomin& distances mentioned( +!t so as to ens!re"reservation of re+ar "osition# In s!c$ sit!ations( t$e distance "iece can +e re"laced *it$ t$e
reinforcement +ar *elded lo*er and !""er res"ectivel'#Em+edded metal "arts *ill +e fi)ed +' a solder or *ire connections *it$ t$e reinforcement
element( or +e fi)ed in casin&( so as to ens!re maintenance of t$eir "osition d!rin& "o!rin&concrete#
It is recommended t$at( *$en 'o! $ave mec$anical means of liftin& and erection( reinforcementis installed in t$e form of carcasses "reasam+late( "refera+l' +' *elded "oints#
B!$+!$g re0ar'
Reinforcement +ars s$o!ld +e lin%ed to&et$er to crosses *it$ +lac% *ire connectionSTAS 330 / 3,9 or +' electric *eldin& "oints# >$en t$e +indin& is done +' *ire( *ill !se t*ot$reads of *ire - / -#7 mm diameter#Net*or%s of fittin&s in "lates and dia"$ra&ms *ill necessaril' lin%ed in t*o mar&inal ro*s of crosses on t$e entire conto!r# T$e remainin& crossin&s of t$e net*or%s *ill +e lin%ed in c$ess#Net*or% of c!rved +oards *ill connect all "oints of crossin&#
In +eams and col!mns *ill +e lin%ed crosses all +ars *it$ t$e corners of stirr!"s or cli" noses#Crosses of t$e remainin& +ars *it$ strai&$t "arts of stirr!"s ma' +e related onl' in c$ess#Inclined +ars *ill +e lin%ed in a com"!lsor'(*it$ t$e first stirr!" t$e' meet#
Co$'tru#t!o$ Rue'
Constr!ctive "rovisions to +e com"lied *it$ reinforcin& elements in reinforced concrete are&iven in STAS -,-,68,/0,( ca"#4 and 6#
B!$+!$g 0ar' indin& +ars is made in accordance *it$ t$e "ro?ect +' overla""in& !s!all'9( or overla""in&
and *eldin&( res"ectin& t$e re&!lations in STAS -,-,68,/0,( "ara&ra"$ 4#5# norm and C.3/35on t$e *eldin& of steel +ars concrete#
indin& +' *eldin& t$e +ars is accom"lis$ed +' man!al *eldin& *it$ electric arc( or +'overla""in& eclise( res"ectin& e)ec!tion mode( t$e minim!m re!ired len&t$ of cord *eldin&and !alit' control accordin& to s"ecific tec$nical "rescri"tions# C.3/35 and C-7,/32 9#Not allo*in& t$e !se of *eld in +indin& +ars of steel *$ose !alities $ave +een im"roved +'mec$anical means *ire set9#
La"er o% #o$#rete #o*er
To ens!re s!staina+ilit' of str!ct!re elements +' "rotection re+ars a&ainst corrosionand &ood concl!crare *it$ concrete it is necessar' t$at t$e elements of reinforced concrete to+!ild a la'er of reinforced covera&e *it$ t$e "ro"er t$ic%ness of STAS no# -,-,68,/0, Section4#-# environments considered *it$o!t c$emical a&&ression9 and res"ectin& t$e "rovisions of Anne) II#5# / B#S# Code ,-./00 for a&&ressive c$emical environments9#To ens!re covera&e la'er desi&ned are "rovided "ro"er distance "ieces made of "lastic or mortar# Its "ro$i+ited t$e !se of distance "ieces made o!t of metal co!"ons or *ood#;rom t$e conditions of e)"os!re to t$e action of *eat$er and $i&$ $!midit'( t$e elementslocated in closed s"aces and in contact *it$ t$e o!tside t$e doors9 +!t "lastered or covered +'anot$er la'er of "rotection e!ivalent is incl!ded in cate&or' I# ;or items carried monolit$ on t$e
site and "laced in cate&or' I( a minim!m t$ic%ness of cover la'er of reinforced concrete is:/ ;or "lates or ri+s fre!entl' *it$ *idt$ -7, mm of sla+s: -, mm( +!t *it$ a condition to +e atleast e!al to t$e diameter of -#. +ars on t$e first ro*=/ Str!ct!ral *alls: -7 mm( +!t *it$ a condition to +e at least e!al to t$e diameter of -#. +ars on
t$e first ro*=/ T$e +eams( col!mns( +!l+s of str!ct!ral *alls : .7 mm/ T$e fo!ndation: 57 mm on t$e face t$at comes in contact *it$ concrete e!ali<ation( or facesin t$e cast form e&# ;o!ndation +eams9 #/ III category.
: 27 mm on t$e face t$at comes in direct contact *it$ t$e &ro!nd# Cate&or'IV9#In case of concrete class C-48., val!es a+ove increases +' 7 mm to t$e e)"os!re cate&oriesII( III( IV#Minim!m t$ic%ness of cover la'er of lon&it!dinal re+ars s$o!ld res"ect t$e "ast val!es( +!t to+e at least e!al to -#.Jd lon&it!dinal +ar reinforcement# T$ic%ness of t$e la'er of reinforcedlon&it!dinal covera&e is limited to 7, mm# T$ic% la'er of reinforced lon&it!dinal covera&e m!st!s!all' +e a m!lti"le of 7 mm( and is o+tained +' ro!ndin& !" more or less t$an . mm in min!sval!es determined !nder t$e conditions s"ecified a+ove#
In case 'o! do not $ave t$e assortment of diameters and s"ecified in t$e "ro?ectcan "roceed to re"lace t$em *it$ t$e o"inion of t$e desi&ner# Re"lacement reinforced
!nder t$e "ro?ect *ill ?oin t$e e)ec!tion "lans t$at are s!+mitted to t$e tec$nical +!ildin&+oo% and *ill +e covered +' t$e str!ct!ral en&ineer *$o $as s!+ordinated "a"er#
B!$+!$g 0" e+!$g o% 0ar'
Innadirile +' *eldin& t$e +ars *ill f!lfill t$e terms of STAS STAS 2538-/3, and2538./3, on t$e minim!m flo* limit of Rc R,( .9 and resistance to +rea%a&e= limit flo* of *elded +indin& its considered t$e load t$at a test t!+e "resents deformation remainin&less t$an or e!al to ,#.@ Ta+le -- determinata conf( "ct#. / from C .38359#
>eldin& can +e done onl' for tem"erat!res &reater t$an , °C# ;or tem"erat!res
+et*een /-7 ### ,°C are allo*ed *elded +indin& onl' in "rotected s"aces and *it$ a"re$eatin& t$e !""er limit 5,,°C9# Also( in t$is case( it *ill *or% onl' on a s"ecific "erson
res"onsi+le for *eldin&# Pre$eatin& tem"erat!re *ill +e determined *it$ t$ermoindicator "encils or *it$ t$e indications in Ta+le I#4# / C.3/35# Pre$eatin& t$e +ars *ill r!n *it$ t$eflame o)iacetilenic conf STAS 2-56/6,9 or ot$er $eat so!rces# In case of stron& *ind(fo& or rain( *ill "rotect t$e *or% "laces in *$ic$ are e)ec!ted t$e *elds# After *eldin&(
t$e e)terior tem"erat!re +elo* 7°C( or stron& *inds and $i&$ $!midit'( *elded +indin&
*ill +e "ac%ed *it$ materials in dr' $eat( "rotected a&ainst moist!re( to ens!re slo*coolin&#ar ends to +e *elded are c!t man!all'( *it$ mec$anical means( or flame( follo*ed +'
an additional mec$anical cleanin& of face "rocessin&# Ends of +ars *$ic$ are +ein&*elded *ill +e c!tted man!al' follo*ed +' a mec$anical scr!+ to o+tain a metallic l!ster #Mac$ines and a&&re&ates for *eldin& *ill +e $andled( maintained and ins"ected +'!alified "ersonnel( controllin& t$e "ro"er f!nctionin& of e!i"ment to ad?!st t$e *eldin&"arameters( and also *ill c$ec% t$e mac$ines and a&&re&ates *e "!t into o"eration# >illfollo*( +' mo!ntin& a voltmeter( t$e variation of volta&e from t$e "o*er net*or% of cars or a&&re&ates of *eldin& and solderin& *ill +e +anned in t$e "eriods in *$ic$ t$ere is avarat volta&e &reater t$an -,@ of rated volta&e( ta%in& t$e meas!res to eliminate t$esevariations# >eldin& transformers m!st meet t$e terms of STAS .430/6-# A&&re&ates DC*ill f!lfill t$e terms of t$e "rod!ction( *it$ nominal "o*er indicated and devices of finead?!stment of t$e *eldin& c!rrent#
TRANSPORT CONCRETE Trans"ortation m!st +e done ta%in& concrete meas!res to "revent se&re&ation( lossor contamination of t$e concrete com"onents# Trans"ort concrete from t$e station *ill +e madeonl' *it$ concrete cars# Local trans"ort of concrete can
"erformed *it$ a!to/+!c%et ( "!m"s( tr!c%(trans"ortin& +ands ( tro!&$s or ti +arro*s# Means oftrans"ort m!st +e sealed to allo* no loss of cement mil%#
>$enever t$e time for !nloadin& and reloadin& concrete of means of trans"ortatione)cedes more t$an an $o!r( as *ell if t$e *or% is sto""ed( t$e' *ill +e cleaned *it$ *ater ?et#Concrete cars *ill +e filled *it$ a""ro)# - mc of *ater( *ill rotate *it$ t$e ma)im!m s"eed for 7
min!tes( after *$ic$ *ill +e com"letel' em"t' of *ater#It is recommended t$at t$e tem"erat!re of fres$ concrete to start "o!rin& +e +et*een 7°C and
5,°C# In case t$e concrete *it$ tem"erat!res $i&$er t$an 5,°C is re!ired additional meas!res
to +e determined +' a s"eciali<ed instit!tion or a la+orator' a!t$ori<ed +' ado"tion ofa""ro"riate tec$nolo&ies for "re"aration( trans"ort( "!ttin& in *or% and treatment and !se ofconcrete dela'in& additives etc##
PUTTING CONCRETE IN (OR4
Pre-arat!o$ %or te #o$#rete5' -our!$g
R!nnin& concrete *or%s can start onl' if t$e follo*in& conditions are met:- Dra*in& concretein& "roced!re for t$e o+?ect in !estion +' field/en&ineer and acce"tancet$is +' t$e investor# T$e r!les incl!de detailed e)ec!tion and !alit' control( ta%in& into acco!ntt$e re!irements im"osed +' t$e "ro?ect( e!i"ment and "ossi+ilities for or&ani<in& t$ee)ec!tion( and t$e "rovisions of t$e NE# ,-./00#- In case of concrete "re"ared on site: "re"arator' meas!res are "erformed( are c$ec%ed and
s!""lied t$e necessar' materials cement( a&&re&ates( additives( additives( fittin&s( em+edded"arts( casin&s( etc##9 And are a+le to o"erate e!i"ment and facilities needed in accordance*it$ t$e "roced!re e)ec!tion#- Are "rovided o""ort!nities to *as$in& mac$ines of trans"ort and release concrete in *or% o#- Are esta+lis$ed and trained formations *or% in terms of tec$nolo&'( e)ec!tion( and onmeas!res of safet' and sec!rit' contractors#- >ere received !alit' *or% di&&in&( casin&s and fittin&s if necessar'9# It is *ort$ mentionin&t$at if t$e installation and rece"tion of re+ar over a lon& "eriod over 4 mont$s9( it is necessar'to ins"ect t$e condition of re+ars +' a commission com"osed of t$e +eneficiar'( e)ec!tor( anddesi&ner re"resentative State Ins"ections in Constr!ction *ill decide t$e o"ort!nit' e)"erti<e of concrete rreinforcement +' an e)"ert or a s"eciali<ed instit!te and carr' o!t t$em in an' case( if
t$is fre!enc' is fo!nd nonad$erent ( reinforcement / after cleanin& / s$o!ld not "resent ared!ction !nder section "redicted in minimal deviation "rod!ct standards( *ill t$en "roceed to ane* rece"tion !alit'#
- S!rfaces of "o!red concrete and earlier and $ardened( *$ic$ *ill come in contact *it$ fres$concrete s$all +e cleaned of film cement mil% or im"!rities( s!rfaces s$o!ld not "resent loose or se&re&ated areas( and s$o!ld $ave r!&osit' to ens!re &ood connections +et*een t$e t*oconcretes# Are determined and "re"ared meas!res to +e ado"ted for contin!in& concretein& incase some accidental sit!ations a"ears +' "rovidin&:
/ Concrete station and trans"ort of reserve=/ S!m"limentar' so!rce of electricit'=/ Materials to "rotect concrete=/ Conditions for creatin& a ?oint of *or%( etc##
• Ko! can foresee t$e intervention of !nfavora+le climatic conditions $eav' rains(
frost( storm( etc#9##
• Are "rovided for ro!tin& *ater from rainfall( so t$at t$e' do not acc!m!late in areas to +e
concrete#: Are "rovided t$e necessar' conditions to $arvest t$e evidence in "lace for *or% and for ma%in& determinations !nder fres$ concrete( t$e do*nloadin& of t$e ve$icle#: It esta+lis$ed t$e mana&ement of an' s$i"ments of concrete terms t$at do not meet t$eesta+lis$ed tec$nical and are denied#ased on ins"ectionsto f!lfill entirel' a+ove mentioned conditions *ill record t$e start of concretein& +': re"resentative "a'ee( t$e tec$nical e)ec!tion and in t$e decisive "$ases( t$e
desi&ner( a re"resentative of State Ins"ections in Constr!ction( accordin& to t$e !alit' controlof *or%s // esta+lis$ed +' contract# A""roval to start concretein& m!st +e reconfirmed on t$e+asis of ne* c$ec%s in cases *$ere:/ Events $ave intervened to alter t$e nat!re of sit!ation to date *eat$er( accidents( +!siness
res!m"tion to *or% and nor s!s"ended( etc#9#/ Concretein& not started *it$in 6 da's from t$e date of a""roval#efore "o!rin& t$e concrete m!st +e verified correct o"eration of e!i"ment for local andcom"actin& concrete#
GENERAL CONCRETEING RULES
>$en "o!rin& t$e concrete t$e follo*in& &eneral r!les( *$ic$ ma' +e com"leted NE ,-./00( m!st +e o+e'ed:
a9 >ooden casin&s( old concrete or masonr'( *$ic$ *ill come in contact *it$ t$e fres$ concrete(
*ill *atered for ./5 $o!rs +efore and ri&$t +efore t$e "o!rin& of t$e concrete=
+9 T$e !nloadin& of t$e concrete( from t$e trans"ortation( *ill +e done in: +ins( "!m"s(
trans"ortin& +ands( &!llies or directl' onto t$e *or% "laces=
c9 If t$e concrete +ro!&$t to t$e "lacement s"ace "resents se&re&ation or it does not com"l' to
t$e consistenc' norms it *ill +e ref!sed or an additive *ill +e !sed to im"rove t$e
consistenc'=
d9 T$e $ei&$t of t$e concretes free fall *ill +e no lon&er t$an 5 m=
e9 Concretin& t$e cased elements on $ei&$ts $i&$er t$an 5 m *ill +e done t$ro!&$ lateral
*indo*s or *it$ a $ose=
f9 T$e concrete m!st +e $omo&eneo!sl' s"read alon& t$e element in $ori<ontal la'ers of
ma)im!m 7, cm( and t$e "o!rin& of t$e ne* la'er m!st +e done +efore t$e $ardenin& of t$e
"revio!s la'er#
&9 Meas!res *ill +e ta%en to "revent t$e deformin& or dis"lacement of t$e reinforcements from
$9 T$e t$ic%ness of t$e concrete la'er *ill corres"ond to t$e indications to t$e "ro?ect=
i9 It is for+idden to "lace t$e vi+rator on t$e reinforcements=
?9 >$ere t$e reinforcements are t$ic% s"ecial attention is necessar' to ens!re t$e com"lete
fillin& of t$e section *it$ concrete=
%9 ;ollo* t$e +e$avior and maintainin& of t$e initial "osition of t$e casin&s and ens!re t$eir
s!stainin&= all errors *ill +e corrected immediatel'=
l9 T$e *or%ers are for+idden to travel directl' on t$e reinforcements or t$e fres$ concrete=m9 T$e concretin& *ill +e done contin!o!sl' !" to t$e ?oints foreseen in t$e "ro?ect=
n9 T$e ma)im!m interr!"tion +et*een concretions is . $o!rs in t$e case of t$e cement *it$
addition com"o!nds and -#7 $o!rs in t$e case of t$e cements *it$ no addition com"o!nds=
Co&-a#t!$g #o$#rete
Concrete *ill +e com"acted eno!&$ to contain a minim!m !antit' of air sto"#Com"actin& concrete is re!ired and can +e done t$ro!&$ different "rocesses(de"endin& on t$e consistenc' of concrete( t'"e of item( etc## D!rin& com"actin& oft$efres$ concrete *ill ta%e care to avoid dis"lacement and de&radation of reinforced and 8or casin&s# Concrete m!st +e com"acted onl' as lon& as it is *or%in&#Man!al com"action is admittin& to rammer in "arallel *it$ $ammerin& casin&s9 in t$efollo*in& cases:
• Introd!cion in concrete of s$a%er mac$ine is not "ossi+le +eca!se of si<e or − t$ic%ness
of reinforced section and can not +e effectivel' a""lied e)ternal vi+ration=•
Is t$e main met$od of com"action of concrete# T'"e of s$a%er/mac$ine s$all +e defined ands!""lied to t$e site +efore +e&innin& of concretein&# C$oice ofs$a%er/mac$ine $ead si<e( stren&t$ and $armf!l to t$e "ro"er fre!enc'9 *ill +e madede"endin& on t$e si<e of elements and "ossi+ilities of introd!cin& a s$a%er $ead c'linder9t$ro!&$ reinforcement +ars#
Concrete consistenc' com"acted +' internal vi+ration de"ends on t$e s$a"e and
te)t!re of reinforced element# O"tim!m d!ration of vi+ration is +et*een 7 seconds and ama)im!m of 5, seconds de"endin& on t$e concrete and settlin& t'"e of vi+rator !se## T$ic%la'er of concrete s!+?ected to vi+rate is recommended to not e)ceed 5 8 2 len&t$ of $eads$a%er +ottle9# On a ne* la'er com"action( +rea%in& c'linder +e from 7, mm to -7, mm incom"acted la'er a+ove#
Si&ns o!tside after t$at reco&ni<es t$at ended vi+ration are:/ T$e concrete is not settlin&=/ T$e s!rface of concrete +ecomes $ori<ontal and &los'=/ Sto" t$e occ!rrence of +!++les on t$e s!rface of concrete#
E6ter$a *!0rat!o$
It is indicated in t$e case of monolit$ic cast items red!ced t$ic%ness and fre!entfittin&s( "refa+ricated elements( or *$ic$ can not +e com"acted +' internal vi+ration# In areas
*$ere it is "ossi+le to !se additional interior s$a%ers# If items com"acted *it$ o!tdoor s$a%ers*ill ta%e constr!ctive meas!res( t$e casin&s +' increasin& t$e ri&idit' and "rovide as far as"ossi+le lin%s +et*een elastic casin&s and t$e s!""ort #Consistenc' of com"acted concrete +' e)ternal vi+ration is recommended to +e settlin& *it$
minim!m 7, mm#
Sur%a#e *!0rat!o$
It *ill !se t$e com"actin& "late t$ic%ness e)ceedin& .,, mm# Consistenc' ofcom"acted concrete vi+ratin& s!rface is recommended to +e settlin& *it$ minim!m ., mm# It isrecommended t$at t$e d!ration of vi+ration to +e 5, ### 4, seconds# T$ic% la'er of concrete"o!red +efore com"action9 s$o!ld +e -#57 ### -#- times $i&$er t$an t$e final t$ic%ness ofcom"acted la'er( de"endin& on t$e consistenc' of concrete# If t$e sam"le calc!lations "rovidedin t$e "recedin& "ara&ra"$ s$all +e determined and t$ic% la'er of concrete "o!red for t$ere!ired t$ic%ness of t$e finis$ed item#
Distance +et*een t*o s!ccessive "ositions of t$e vi+rant +oards s$o!ld +e esta+lis$edso as to +e ass!red of minim!m overla" 7, mm com"ared to t$e "revio!s "osition#
PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE (OR4S IN TEC/NICAL REQUIREMENTS OR T/ROUG/ SPECIAL PROCESSES
C%&(e$e #'$ 18 p*0p!&
Materials !sed for t$e "re"aration of concrete "o!red +' "!m"in& dosa&e s$o!ld +emi)ed and controlled "ro"erl'( t$e essential conditions for an o"timal concrete "!m"in&
tec$nolo&'## Ma)im!m a&&re&ate si<e *ill +e limited to - 8 5 t$e diameter of "i"e re"ression#Classes of concrete recommendations to ac$ieve in t$e c!rrent "rocess for t$is *or% are in C38-,###C .,8.7# Concrete "!m"in& anot$er class located o!tside t$is area *ill +e made onl'after some "reliminar' e)"erimental attem"ts to "rove t$e a""lica+ilit' of t$e "rocess#P!t in "!m"ed concrete *or% *ill ta%e all meas!res so t$at:/ T$e "!m" to r!n contin!o!sl'( *it$o!t interr!"tion( *$ic$ favors +loc%in& in concrete "i"es=/ T$e $ei&$t of free fall of concrete to +e ma)# ,#7, m/ T$ic% la'er of concrete to +e ma)# 2, cm/ Concrete to +e com"acted +' vi+ration#Ot$er recommendations on t$e com"osition of concrete "!m"in& tec$nolo&' and are &iven inC$a"ter -4 / section -4#5 of t$e Code NE ,-./00#
E6e#ut!o$ o% #o$#rete or,' +ur!$g #o+ T$e +asic c$aracteri<ation of t$e cold "eriod of time is e)terior air tem"erat!re ( *$ic$
is meas!red at 3 am( in t$e s$ade( at .#,, m $ei&$t from t$e &ro!nd and t$e minimal distanceof an' +!ildin&s or ot$er constr!ction# GCold da'G is called t$e da' *$en o!tside air tem"erat!re
C and trends are not clim+in&#°is lo*er t$an 7
Tec$nical re&!lation for t$e e)ec!tion of constr!ction *or%s on time is t$e norm C-4/32 *$ic$contains all t$e activit' in t$ose conditions# Some of t$e "rovisions for t$e e)ec!tion of concrete*or%s are descri+ed +elo*( t$e' *ill +e s!""lemented +' ot$er re!irements of t$e norm C -4/32:
/ T$e e)ec!tion casin&s need to +e cleared of sno* and ice +' mec$anical means and finall'( if"ossi+le( t$ro!&$ a ?et of $ot air=/ Im"lement t$e s!+stances *$ic$ is easier to decase onl' after cleanin& and dr'in& area=/ >ill +e &iven a s"ecial attention "ro"in& s!""ortin& elements casin&s ta%in& a""ro"riate
meas!res de"endin& on t$e +e$avior of frost in t$e land( namel': / lands for sta+le s!""ort tofrost *ill +e "laced on t$e foot
on level &ro!nd and cleaned in advance of sno*( ice and ve&etation la'er=/ Bnsta+le lands for t$e frost( and in cases fillin&s(
Posts *ill sit on t$e +eams *it$ lar&e s!""ort s!rface +!ried !nder de"t$ of frost on t$ee)istin& fo!ndations#/ ;ittin&s *ill +e stored on dr' land( e!i""ed *it$ com"acted &ravel "latforms=/ ars covered *it$ ice *ill +e cleared +efore t$e c!ttin& and trimmin& +' $ammerin&( +'scratc$in& *it$ t$e a""ro"riate tools or ?et of $ot air melts t$e ice *ater and dr'in& res!lts# Notrecommended ice meltin& $ot *ater !nless t$ere is certaint' t$at it *ill not fro<e a&ain# It isfor+idden to deicin& *it$ flame#/ S$a"in& of re+ars *ill +e done onl' at "ositive tem"erat!res=/ T$e "re"aration of concrete *ill ta%e a !antit' of *ater as lo* "lastici<er and additives#/ A&&re&ates $ave to +e defrost +efore "lacin& in masticator "ro$i+ited icin& $ot *ater9 and+ro!&$t t$e minim!m tem"erat!re of 7 C# T$e a&&re&ates s$o!ld not contain "oro!s &ran!les
to +e &elive#/ At t$e "re"aration *ill +e dis"la'ed +indin& reci"e "re"aration of t$e concrete( alon& *it$ dataon:
/ Minim!m tem"erat!re of t$e *ater and a&&re&ates into masticator=/ D!ration of a&&re&ates +' mi)in& *it$ *ater( addin& to t$e cement=/ T$e total of mi)in&=/ Tem"erat!re of concrete at t$e do*nloadin& of t$e masticator and tem"erat!re of concrete at
t$e site of release in o"era#/ >$en trans"ortin& concrete o+?ect on its *or% and t$e mat!ration *ill ta%e ste"s to limit t$eminim!m loss of $eat +':a9 +enefit +' "rotectin& t$eir t$ermal ins!lation and cover t$e "eriod of *aitin&
*it$ s$eets of "ol'et$'lene or tar"a!lins=+9 to minimi<e t$e *aitin& time of concrete from t$e disc$ar&e to
+rin&in& t$e "lace to "!t into *or%=c9 t$e immediate "rotection of t$e item !nder concrete sol!tions "rovided !nder t$eins!rance sc$eme of $eat see Anne)es C and D of C -4/329#/ It is com"!lsor' for all com"actin& concrete cast d!rin& cold mec$anical vi+ration#/ >$en "!ttin& in t$e concrete *or% *ill com"l' *it$ t$e "rovisions of Anne) A of C -4/32#/ Start or res!m"tion of an' *or%s of concretein& interr!"ted +eca!se of frost and entered int$is condition d!rin& t$e de+acle is allo*ed onl' after "ro"er "re"aration &et interr!"tion#/ Protect concrete after "!ttin& in *or% m!st +e done as fast as "ossi+le# >ill +e !sedins!lated casin&s t$ermal mattresses( etc#( al*a's covered *it$ s$eets of "ol'et$'lene or*ater"roof canvas tar"a!lins of *$ic$ is ti&$tened t$e ins!lation #/ T$e "lace to "!t into *or%concrete re!ired *ill +e dis"la'ed:
• T$e tem"erat!re of concrete at deliver'=• T$e tem"erat!re of concrete at t$e end of t$e o"era=• Level of ins!rance for old conf C -4/329=• o* to "rotect t$e concrete after castin&=• T$e "ro?ect to o+tain t$e de&ree of mat!ration critical#/ Decasin& can +e made onl' if t$e conditions in NE# ,-./00#/ T$e conditions of decasin& *ill control t$e tests of concrete t!+es %e"t in t$e same t$ermal
re&ime as t$e constr!ction( accordin& to NE# ,-./00#
As far as "ossi+le( avoid *or%in& ?oints or&ani<in& t$e e)ec!tion so t$at concretein& to do*it$o!t interr!"tion at t$at level or t*o of e)"ansion ?oints# >$en *or%in& ?oints can not +eavoided( t$eir "osition m!st +e determined +' desi&n or t$ro!&$ e)ec!tion#
T$e n!m+er of ?oints s$o!ld +e minimal +eca!se t$e' ma' $ave a lo*er resistance incom"arison *it$ t$e rest of t$e str!ct!re if t$e' are inade!atel' treated# Also t$ere is a ris%miti&ation of im"ermea+ilit' conse!ences in t$e sense in red!cin& t$e de&ree of "rotectiona&ainst re+ar corrosion#
>or% ?oints *ill +e located in areas of t$e str!ct!re elements *$ic$ are not s!+?ect to &reatefforts d!rin& t$e o"eration#In determinin& t$e "osition of *or%in& ?oint *ill o+serve t$e follo*in& r!les:/ T$e col!mns *ill +e "rovided *it$ ?oints onl' at t$e +ase=/ T$e +eams( if for reasons of "roof can not avoid( t$e ?oint *ill +e "laced in t$e area *it$minim!m +endin& moment=/ If t$e +eams are concretein& se"aratel' *or% ?oint is "laced at 5, ### 7,mm +elo* t$e +ottom
of t$e "late=/ At "lates( t$e ?oint *ill +e sit!ated at - 8 7 ### - 8 5 of t$e "late o"enin&=/ T$e ri++ed floor *$en concretein& strin&ers in t$e direction( t$e ?oint is made in t$e area+et*een - 8 7 and - 8 5 of t$e o"enin& of strin&ers=/ T$e ri++ed floor *$en concretein& is on t$e direction "er"endic!lar to t$e strin&ers( t$e ?oint ismade in t$e area +et*een - 8 7 and - 8 5 of t$e main o"enin& of t$e +eam ( loo%in& on as"ossi+le( as can &et( t$e ?oint is to -87###-85 of its initiation#S!rface ?oints of col!mns and +eams to +e "er"endic!lar to t$e a)is of t$ese( and at t$e "latesand *alls( "er"endic!lar to t$eir s!rface=Treatment of ?oints is as follo*s:/ >as$ *it$ *ater ?et and air "ress!re after t$e end of &ri""in& t$e concrete a+o!t 7 $o!rs from
concretein&( accordin& to res!lts of la+orator' tests9=/ efore concretein&( area of t$e *or%in& ?oint *ill &et cleaned(removin& t$e concrete t$at *asnot *ell com"acted and 8 or *ill r!+ *it$ t$e *ire +r!s$ to remove t$e mil% film of cement andot$er im"!rities( t$en it *ill +e moisten=/ efore concretein&( old concrete s!rface m!st +e dr' and left to a+sor+ *ater after t$e Gsat!rated concrete +!t dr' s!rface#
Re!irements for $andlin& t$e *or% ?oints set o!t m!st +e f!lfilled in t$e case of ?ointsG!nintendedG *$ic$ a""eared as a res!lt of climatic conditions( d!e to defects( etc##
DES/UTERING
T$e constr!ction can +e des$!tered *$en t$e concrete $as reac$ed a certainstren&t$# e ta%en into acco!nt t$e s"ecial condition of des$!terin& concrete elements *$ic$$ave !nder&one fro<en in stren&t$enin& "$ase for !n"rotected concrete9#
T$e constr!ction can +e des$!tered *$en t$e concrete $as s!fficient stren&t$ to ta%e f!llor "artial( as a""ro"riate( t$e tas%s for *$ic$ t$e' *ere desi&ned# Ko! "a' attention to elementsof constr!ction after nearl' des$!ter( +ear t$e +!rden "redicted in t$e calc!lation#>e s!&&est t$e follo*in& val!es of resistance *$ic$ can des$!ter:
/ Sides of t$e casin&s can +e removed after t$e concrete $as reac$ed a stren&t$ of at least .#7N8mm.( so t$at sides and ed&es items*ill not +e dama&ed tar&et . da's for a tem"erat!re of7de&C and one da's res"ectivel' for a tem"erat!re -7de& C9#-# Casin&s of inferior +eams and "lates sides *ill +e removed or maintainin& safet'
+!c%et *$en t$e concrete stren&t$ $as reac$ed to 6,@ for t$e class *it$ t$e o"enin& of ma)# 4m# and 37@ for elements *it$ o"enin&s &reater t$an 4 m#.# safet' +!c%et *ill +e removed *$en t$e concrete stren&t$ $as reac$ed to ne)t class t$efollo*in& "ercenta&es: 07@ for elements *it$ o"enin&s ma)# 4 m# to --.@ *it$ t$e o"enin& of
4/-. m# --7@ for elements *it$ o"enin&s &reater t$an -. m#Settin& resistances reac$ed +' "arts of constr!ction for des$!terin& are made t$ro!&$ attem"tt!+es control "$asic made for t$is "!r"ose and %e"t in similar conditions *it$ t$e itemsconcerned( accordin& to t$e STAS -.67/33# In case t$ere is do!+t on t$e res!lts of tests on t$et!+es are recommended non/destr!ctive testin&#
#
• Develo"ment s"eed of resistance of t$e concrete :
Ratio A 8 C Cement class
quick ,#7 2.#7 R 7.#7 R
average ,#7 ### ,#4
,#7
2.#7 R
5.#7 R 2.#7 Rslow Rest of t$e
casesRest of t$e cases
• Recommendations for minim!m "eriods to des$!ter lateral sides
Develo"ment s"eed of resistance of t$e
concrete
Period of des$!terin& in da's 9 At ambient temerature ! C 9
8 9 : C 8 1: : C 8 19 : C
slo* . da's - -8. da' - da'
avera&e . da's - da' - da'
• Recommendations for minim!m "eriods to des$!ter lateral sides *it$ maintainin& safet'
+!c%et
Tec$nolo&ical conditions Period after "o!rin& in <ile 9
Develo"ment s"eed of resistance of t$econcrete
slo* avera&e
Ambient temerature " ! C# $% $&! $&% $% $&! $&%
eams *it$ o"enin& ma)# 4#,, m 4 7 2 7 7 5eams *it$ o"enin& H 4#,, m -, 3 4 4 7 2
• Recommendations for minim!m "eriods to remove safet' +!c%et
Tec$nolo&ical conditions Period after "o!rin& in <ile 9
/ Time of t$e "revio!s ta+les are &iven( des$!terin& +ein& made on t$e +asis of e)ec!tion *$en'o! $ave reac$ed t$e minim!m resistances s$o*n in NE# ,-./00#/ If *$ile stren&t$enin& t$e concrete tem"erat!re is +elo* 7 de& C t$en recommended t$at t$eminim!m "eriod for des$!terin& to e)tend *it$ t$e d!ration of frost #D!rin& o"eration of des$!terin& *ill o+serve t$e follo*in& r!les:/ Performin& o"eration *ill +e s!"ervised directl' +' t$e $ead of t$e *or%in& "oint# If 'o! findcastin& defects $oles( se&re&ated areas( etc##9( *$ic$ ma' affect t$e sta+ilit' of constr!ction(*ill sto" t$e dismantlin& of elements to s!""ort t$e im"lementation of remedial meas!res or consolidation=
/ S!""ort casin&s *ill !nf!rl from t$e center of t$e o"enin& elements and contin!e tos'mmetricall' s!""orts=/ >ea%enin& s!""ortin& "arts feat$ers( vinci!ri( etc##9 *ill +e done &rad!all'( *it$o!t s$oc%s=/ Des$!terin& *ill +e made so as to avoid ta%in& s!dden loads +' t$e elements( +rea%in&concrete ed&es( casin&s de&radation of material and s!""ort#/ If storied +!ildin& *it$ o"enin&s &reater t$an 5 m at des$!terin& *ill leave off t$e safet'+!c%ets# T$eir location is recommended to determine as:
In +eams *it$ !" to 4 m o"enin& to let a safet' +!c%et in t$e middle of t$em( for +i&&er o"enin&s n!m+er of safet' +!c%ets *ill increase so t$at t$e distance +et*een t$e+!c%ets or from t$e +!c%et to s!""orts does not e)ceed 5 m=
On "lates *ill leave at least a safet' +!c%et for t$eir safet' in t$e middle of t$em andat least - safet' +!c%et at -. m. of "late=
et*een stories safet' +!c%et *ill sit as "ossi+le !nder one anot$er#It is not allo*ed to remove safet' +!c%ets of a floor located ?!st +elo* anot$er one t$at is +ein&s$!tered or concreted#
In terms of !" to .2 $o!rs of des$!ter +' an' "art of t$e constr!ction it *ill "roceed( +'t$e $ead "oint( t$e investor and t$e re"resentative of t$e desi&ner if $e as%ed to +e called9( adetailed e)amination of all elements of t$e resistance str!ct!re( *ritin& a record to determine!alit' of *or%s ( and an' defects fo!nd# It "ro$i+its t$e ma%in& of fi)es +efore t$e revie*# Incase of determenin& an' fla*s remed'in& t$ese defects *ill +e made onl' *it$ notification of t$e desi&ner( accordin& to tec$nical instr!ctions from C -20/36#
CONCRETE TREATMENT AFTER POURING
;or o+tainin& t$e "otential "ro"ert' of concrete es"eciall'9 t$e s!rface area m!st +e "rotectedand treated a certain "eriod of time( de"endin& on t'"e of str!ct!re( item( in environmentalterms and conditions *$en "o!rin& and e)"os!re conditions *ic$ affest t$e str!ct!re#Treatment and "rotection of concrete s$o!ld +e&in as soon as "ossi+le after com"action# Cover *it$ "rotection materials *ill +e com"leted as soon as t$e concrete $as &ained s!fficientstren&t$ for t$at material *ill not ad$ere to t$e s!rface covered# Treatin& t$e concrete is ameas!re of "rotection a&ainst "remat!re dr'in&( "artic!larl' d!e to solar radiation and *ind# It isalso a meas!re to "revent t$e follo*in& effects:
/ lea%a&e of cement "aste d!e to rain or flo*in& *ater=/ Lar&e tem"erat!re differences inside t$e concrete=/ Lo* tem"erat!re or frost=/ An' vi+rations or s$oc%s t$at co!ld lead to a decrease in ad$erent concrete reinforcement
after stren&t$enin& concrete9#T$e main met$ods of treatment 8 "rotection are:/ Maintenance in casin&s=/ Cover *it$ "rotection materials=
/ Periodical s"ra'in& *it$ *ater=/ T$e a""lication of "rotective films#
D!ration &!idance in da's9 treatment of concrete
Develo"ment of resistance of concrete ra"ida medie lentaConcrete tem"erat!re d!rin& treatment : C 9 7 -, -7 7 -, -7 7 -, -7
Environmental conditions d!rin& treatmentItems e)$i+ited indirect s!nli&$t( or $!midit' '!(
. . - 5 5 . 2 2 .
Items e)"osed s!nli&$t or avera&e *ind s"eedaverage humidity over %!(
2 5 . 4 2 5 3 7 2
Items e)"osed s!nli&$t or avera&e *ind s"eedaverage humidity under %!(
2 5 . 3 4 7 -, 3 7
In ta+le are "resented recommendations for t$e treatment of concrete *it$ cement t'"e IPortland9 and tem"erat!res of 7( -, -7 ,C 9# D!ration of treatment de"ends in s!+stantialtem"erat!re concrete# ;or e)am"le at 5,,C d!rin& treatment can +e a""ro)imatel' $alf t$ed!ration of treatment at .,,C concrete# T$!s isolation of t$e framin& can +e a met$od of red!cin& treatment time#In t$e a+sence of data on t$e com"osition of concrete and e)"os!re to conditions / to ens!refavora+le conditions and red!ce strains in contracts / *ill maintain $!midit' for at least 6 da'safter castin&#
Cover *it$ "rotection materials *ill +e done *it$ tar"a!lins( matted( la'er of sand( etc##T$is o"eration *ill +e done as soon as t$e concrete $as &ained s!fficient stren&t$ for t$atmaterial *ill not ad$ere to t$e s!rface covered# Protective materials *ill +e "ermanentl'maintained in *et condition#S"ra'in& *ater +e&ins after . /-. $o!rs of castin&( de"endin& on t$e t'"e of cement !sed andtem"erat!re( +!t immediatel' after t$e concrete is s!fficientl' $ard so t$at +' t$is o"eration arenot trained cement "aste# S"ra'in& *ill +e re"eated at intervals of . / 4 $o!rs( so t$at t$econcrete s!rface to maintain a "ermanent *et# >ill !se *ater t$at f!lfills t$e conditions as
similar to t$e *ater for mi)in& t$e concrete#If t$e tem"erat!re is less t$an 7,C9 *ill not "roceed *it$ s"ra'in& *ater( +!t a""lied"rotection materials# Protective film is a""lied in accordance *it$ s"ecial re&!lations# In *et*eat$er( fres$ concrete s!rfaces *ill +e covered *it$ tar"a!lins or s$eets of "ol'et$'lene( aslon& as t$ere is t$e dan&er of "reci"itation fall antrenarii cement "aste# Concrete t$at *o!ld +ein contact *it$ *ater from "reci"itation *ill +e "rotected +' t$e action of *ater diversion"rovisional for at least 6 da's
# EXECUTION OF INJECTED CONCRETE / MORTAR
>ill +e !sed onl' cars s!ita+le in?ection and *ill com"l' *it$ instr!ctions for !se t$ereof#To ens!re a !niform ?et of &!nite *ill !se a stream of com"ressed air accordin& to t$e t'"e of
e!i"ment at a constant "ress!re# If necessar'( to "!rc$ase a +!ffer tan% +et*een t$ecom"ressor and t$e in?ection mac$ine#
It *ill remove all im"!rities from t$e s!rface over *$ic$ in?ected mortar *ill fall and it *ill
+e cleaned( +r!s$ed and dam"ened# et*een t$e time of "re"aration of mi)t!re and a""l'in&&!nite to t$e s!rface s$o!ld not move more t$an an $o!r# In?ection no<<le *ill +e "er"endic!lar to t$e s!rface of s!""ort# Distance +et*een no<<le and s!rface of s!""ort *ill +e +et*een ,#7m and . m de"endin& on availa+le "ress!re no<<le# A""l'in& la'ers of &!nite *ill +e circ!lar
movement of no<<le# In?ection *ill start from t$e to" do*n and *ill ta%e meas!res to "revents!rface mac!lation !nin?ected 'et# Anc$ors for concrete can solidari<e *it$ e"o)' mortar t$at consists of t*o elements:
e"o)' resin and a&&re&ates of a&&lomeration# Mortar *ill $ave a stren&t$enin& "eriod of .$o!rs#Concrete anc$ors to +e "laced in $oles made in t$e masonr' and 8 or e)istin& concrete +orin&mill t'"e roto/$ammer *it$ "o*er drills and t!n&stren ad?!sted# oles are cleaned *it$com"ressed air *it$o!t oil# After cleanin& t$e $ole is &iven a "rime of e"o)' resin( after *$ic$t$e anc$ors are inserted#
CECKIN TE 3UALITY OF WORKS. DEVIATIONS ALLOWED
• 1ENERALITIES
T$e code NE ,-./00 re&!lations "rovide mandator' minim!m meas!res necessar' for t$e control of t$e e)ec!tion of str!ct!res of concrete and reinforced concrete# Control incl!des%e' actions and decisions and c$ec%in&s to +e done in accordance *it$ t$e tec$nicalre&!lations( in order to meet s"ecific tec$nical re!irements#
• CONTROL SKSTEMS
a9 Internal control: / $eld +' man!fact!rers and 8 or "erformer in ever' field of activit'= / s!c$ control is e)ercised:/ Of its o*n initiative internal control "roced!res9=/ In accordance *it$ r!les esta+lis$ed +' t$e forei&n investor or +' an inde"endentor&ani<ation( at t$e re!est of t$e investor#
+9 E)ternal Control: / is "erformed on an enter"rise +' an inde"endent +od'#/ e)ternal control ma' consist of:
/ Verification of internal control meas!res if t$e' are in accordance *it$ t$e "roced!res for e)ternal control9=/ Additional verification "roced!res inde"endent of internal control s'stems#
c9 Control of conformit': / e)ercised to c$ec% t$at a !nit o"eration or "rod!ction is carried
o!t in accordance *it$ esta+lis$ed r!les# Monitorin& com"liance is &enerall' "art of t$e e)ternalcontrol and carried o!t +' inde"endent +odies a!t$ori<ed for activities leadin& to t$ecertification of "rod!cts !sed in constr!ction( in accordance to t$e 1D 6.3802#T$e controls fre!enc' and intensit' de"end on t$e conse!ences ca!sed +' some "ossi+leerrors in t$e vario!s sta&es of t$e e)ec!tion 8 "rod!ction of concrete and are esta+lis$ t$ro!&$"ro&rams of control on t$e factors involved# In terms of fre!enc' and meas!res to ta%e in t$e!alit' control of materials and concrete "rovisions( t$e re&lementations are s"ecified in codeNE ,-./00 / Anne) VI#-# F!alit' control of *or%s e)ec!tion is +ased on La* -,8-007 on t$e!alit' of constr!ction( 1D .6.802( #1# 0.7807 and #1# 644806#
E9ECUTION CONTROL FOR TE PROCESS ; PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
Control of t$e e)ec!tion 8 "rod!ction of concrete can +e e)ec!ted +' t$e field en&ineer in
t$e control s'stem inside( ens!rin& a""ro"riate levels of !alit'( or +' t$e res"onsi+le
tec$ni!es *it$ s"ecific tas%s( or +' an inde"endent +od' e)ternal control9# In +ot$ cases it is
necessar' to $ave ade!ate facilities e!i"ment( a""arat!s( "ersonnel9 for ins"ection and
determination#
Relevant data on t$e control of t$e e)ec!tion 8 "rod!ction of t$e concrete m!st +e recorded
in t$e form of records or ot$er doc!ments# All deviations from t$e "roced!res s"ecified in terms
of trans"ort( !nloadin&( concretin&( com"action( concrete treatment( etc#( m!st +e recorded and
re"orted to t$e res"onsi+les *it$ t$e *or%s e)ec!tion#
T$e control of t$e e)ec!tion 8 "rod!ction of concrete done +' t$e e)ec!tant *ill +e c$ec%ed
+' an investor or +' a +od' a!t$ori<ed( as "art of t$e control of com"liance#
Tests and determinations made in d!rin& t$e control of t$e e)ec!tion 8 "rod!ction of t$e
concrete ma' +e considered for t$e control of com"liance conformit'9#
C$ec%in& t$e !alit' of materials and concrete com"onents *ill +e made in accordance *it$ Anne) VI# code NE ,-./00 and res"ectin& t$e follo*in&:
/ Does not allo* s*itc$in& to a ne* "$ase of e)ec!tion +efore t$e concl!sion of t$e "rotocol ont$e "revio!s "$ase( if it is to +ecome a *or% $idden=/ T$e min!tes *ill indicate t$e findin&s( *$et$er t$e' are corres"ondin& to t$e "ro?ect and if itadmits s*itc$in& to t$e ne)t e)ec!tion "$ase=/ ;alse if fo!nd a&ainst t$e "ro?ect or "rescri"tions( it *ill esta+lis$ and record t$e necessar'remedial meas!res# After t$eir e)ec!tion it *ill "roceed to a ne* revie* and a ne* record#
CONTROL AND RECEPTION OF WORKS OF CASINS
In order to ens!re a "ro"er e)ec!tion of casin&s a ste"/+'/ste" c$ec%in& *ill +e made( asfollo*s:
- Preliminar'( controllin& t$e "re"arator' *or%s and t$e elements or s!+/assem+lies−casin&s
and s!""ort=- D!rin& e)ec!tion( c$ec%in& t$e "osition in relation to tracin& and fi)in& t$e elements=- ;inall'( rece"tion of casin&s and records of findin&s in a Gre&ister of min!tes to c$ec% t$e
!alit' of *or%s t$at are $iddenG( ta%in& into acco!nt t$e "rovisions of C$a"ter -6 in NE
,-./00# If t$e casin&s are closed after t$e re+ars are mo!nted( a re"ort for t$e !alit'rece"tion of casin&s and re+ars *ill +e made o!t#
After finis$in& assem+lin& t$e casin&s( t$e e)ec!tion *ill +e c$ec%ed for:- !ildin& elements for s!""ort=- Correct concl!sion of casin&s and ens!rin& t$eir ti&$tness=- Interior dimensions of t$e casin&s( in relation to t$e elements( *$ic$ are to +e concrete=- T$e casin&s( in com"arison *it$ t$e corres"ondin& elements located at t$e lo*er levels=- Position of &a"s
On com"letion of installin& t$e reinforcement( t$e follo*in& as"ects *ill +e verified:
• N!m+er( diameter and "osition of re+ars in different cross/sections of str!ct!ral elements
• Distance +et*een stirr!"s( t$eir diameter and t$eir fittin&s=• Len&t$ "ortion of t$e +ars t$at e)ceed +earers or t$at are to +e incor"orated in elements
t$at are s!+se!entl' "o!red=
• Position of ?oints and len&t$ of a +ar "art'=
• F!alit' of *elds=
• T$e n!m+er and !alit' of lin%s +et*een t$e +ars=
• Devices !sed to maintain t$e "osition of t$e reinforcement d!rin& t$e concretin&=
• o* to ens!re t$e la'er t$ic%ness of concrete cover and its dimensions=
• Position( mo!ntin& and dimensions of em+edded "arts#
T$e *elded ?oints s$all +e "erformed onl' +' *elders *$o $ave s!""orted t$e t$eoreticaland "ractical e)amination for 1ro!" 5 of t$e *eldin& re&lementations( accordin& to STAS075.8-/62 and *$o $ave t$e re!ired e)"erience and $ave +een e)amined accordin& toca"#-. from Norm C .3/35# T$e *elded ?oints *ill +e c$ec%ed t$ro!&$ destr!ctive tests carriedintercalar +' t$e same *elder and *it$ t$e same conditions of *or%( in "ro"ortion of 5@ of t$etotal n!m+er of ?oints#
Ot$er "rovisions on t$e tec$nolo&' of man!al electric arc *eldin& +' overla" and +' ?!nction"lates are contained in A""endi) I#5# norm of C .3/35#
C$ec%in& and receivin& lots of *elded fittin&s is made !nder C$a"ter -, of t$e norm C .3/35# T$e "rovisions on sec!rit' *or% e!i"ment in carr'in& *elds are incl!ded in t$e ca"#-- of norm C .3/35#
#3UALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETIN OPERATIONS
Control be)ore concreting Ins"ections s$o!ld consider t$e follo*in& essential as"ects:
- casin& &eometr' and "ositionin& of re+ars=- remove im"!rities and s!+stances of an' nat!re from t$e casin&s in contact *it$ t$e
concrete=- sta+ilit' of casin&s=
- inte&rit' of casin&s in order to "revent lea%a&e of cement "aste=- Casin&s s!rface treatment=- Cleanin& t$e re+ars of im"!rities and s!+stances *$ic$ *ea% ad$esion=- Si<e of t$e distance "ieces=- Necessar' conditions for an efficient trans"ort( t$e meas!res for t$e com"action and
treatment of concrete accordin& to t$e s"ecified consistenc'=- F!alit' rece"tion of concrete=- Res!lts and concl!sions of ins"ections carried o!t !" to t$is sta&e=
- Ens!rin& trained "ersonnel=−
- Provide meas!res in case of accidental sit!ations- In order to ass!re t$e !alit' of *or%s in concrete and reinforced concrete an o"erative
control it is re!ired and t$e ado"tion of meas!res !nder Anne) VI#5# NE of ,-./00( aimin&to:
Ins"ections s$o!ld consider t$e follo*in& essential as"ects:maintain t$e !niformit' in t$e concrete d!rin& trans"ort and "!ttin& in t$e *or%=!niform distri+!tion in a concrete casin&=!niform com"action and avoid se&re&ation d!rin& com"action=ma)im!m fall $ei&$t of t$e concrete="o!rin& s"eed( ta%in& into acco!nt t$e action of t$e concrete on casin&s=
t$e d!ration +et*een t$e sta&es of mi)in&( "o!rin& concrete and !nloadin&=s"ecial meas!res in t$e case of concretin& !nder cold or *arm *eat$er=s"ecial meas!res *it$ se"aratin& lines=treat ?oints +efore concretin&=treatment met$ods and d!ration of treatment de"endin& on atmos"$eric conditions andevol!tion of resistance=avoid an' dama&e t$at ma' occ!r as a res!lt of s$oc%s or vi+rations on t$e fres$ concrete#
Anne) VI#.# of NE ,-./00 "resents a detailed verification to +e carried o!t in vario!s sta&esof e)ec!tion#The quality o) concrete will be areciated taking into account the conclusions o) the
analysis carried out under the control o) con)ormity "the ca.&*.+.+. o) ,- !&+//#0 over theresults o) the tests )or the concrete1s class o) resistance0 resented in the bulletin issued by thelaboratory and the conclusions o) the )indings and interretations0 )or the nondestructive or coresamle test results0 i) required to er)orm within the comliance control .
T$e !alit' res!lt assessment made for t$e concrete s$all +e recorded in a "rotocolsi&ned +et*een t$e desi&ner( +!ilder and investor# If !alit' conditions are not f!lfilled t$edesi&ner *ill consider t$e necessar' meas!res#
D!rin& t$e concretin& of str!ct!ral elements it *ill +e c$ec%ed if:- T$e *arrants *ritten on t$e concretes trans"ort tic%et are corres"ondin& to t$e order and
t$e ma)im!m d!ration of trans"ort $as not +een s!r"assed=- Consistenc' corres"onds to t$at re!ired=- Po!rin& and com"action conditions ens!re avoidin& an' defects=- T$e necessar' fre!enc' for t$e tests and sam"lin&( accordin& to Anne) VI#-# code NE
,-./00 is res"ected=- T$e a""ro"riate meas!res in order to maintain t$e reinforcement "osition( si<e and s$a"e
of casin&s( are correctl' a""lied=- T$e a""ro"riate "rotective meas!res treatment9 for t$e free s!rfaces of fres$ concrete are
a""ro"riate#
T$e +oo% of entr' for t$e concrete *ill record: co!"on deliver' series corres"ondin& to t$e "o!red concrete=
In cases in *$ic$ t$e *or% leader is directl' res"onsi+le for t$e concrete "re"aration($e iso+li&ed to c$ec% in "arallel t$e !alit' of cement and a&&re&ates as s"ecified earlier( and alsot$e dosin&( mi)in& and trans"ortin& of concrete# T$e findin&s of t$ese c$ec%s are "art of t$econcretes +oo% of entr'#
QUALIT; CONTROL OF CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS
D!rin& t$e dismantlin& of an' constr!ction element( t$e ne)t as"ects are to +e c$ec%ed:
o A""earance of elements anno!ncin& an' inade!ate concrete areas concrete loose(
se&re&ated( &a"s( etc#9#o Cross sections dimensions of concrete elements=
o T$e distance +et*een different elements=
o T$e vertical elements col!mns( *alls9 in com"arison *it$ t$e corres"ondin& sit!ated at
t$e inferior level=o T$e &a"s "osition=
o Reinforcement "osition in elements( t$at are s!+se!entl' "o!red in concrete=
T$e c$ec%in&s mentioned a+ove are done +' sam"lin&# It *ill +e recorded in t$e min!tesif t$e "rovisions of t$is "ro?ect are foll*ed# >$en recordin& findin&s it *ill +e accordin& to t$e"rovisions of Anne) III#-# of NE ,-./00 on Girre&!larities eli&i+le for reinforced concreteelementsG and Gallo*a+le defectsG / Anne) III#.# of NE ,-./00#
%UALIT& CONTROL 'OR (UNITIN( )ORKS
1!nitin& *or%s *ill +e done in accordance *it$ t$e re!irements of C$a"ter -6 of t$eCode of Practice NE ,-./00# T$e !alit' of t$e materials ad$erence to t$e s!""ort s!rface *ill+e c$ec%ed +' soft $ammerin& t$e area# T$e areas *$ic$ so!nd void *ill +e removed and&!nited# T$e &!nited mortar *ill +e assessed vis!all'
DEVIATIONS ADMITTED
Deviations from acce"ta+le limits( d!rin& c!ttin& and assem+lin& t$e re+ars( are s$o*n n Anne) II#.# code NE ,-./00 and C74/37 norm( concernin& t$e !alit' ins"ection and rece"tionfor t$e reinforced concrete elements#
Acce"ta+le deviations limits com"ared to t$e "ro?ect dimensions for t$e casin&s ( arecontained in C 74/37 norm( *it$ some additional o+servations indicated in Anne) III#-# of codeNE ,-./00#
Acce"ta+le deviations for t$e casin&s and t$e dismantled elements of concrete andreinforced concrete
T$e deviations from t$e elements casin&s re!ired dimensions( read' made e)tractedfrom t$e norm C 74/37 *it$ add/!"s9:
- Fr "en*t+ ± 6 mm
- Fr ;&'t+ ± 3 mm
Deviations from t$e dimensions re!ired for t$e casin&s and t$e reinforced concreteelements after dismantlin&( are &iven in Anne) III#-# B#S# Code ,-./00#
Deviations from t$e dimensiond re!ired +' t$e "ro?ect or +' t$e tec$nical "rescri"tionsfor t$e fittin&s in t$e reinforced concrete elements( are &iven in Anne) II#. of t$e NE ,-./00#
ADMITTED DEFECTS
T$e follo*in& defects on t$e a""earance and inte&rit' of t$e concrete and reinforcedelements are +ein& admitted:
o S!rface defects "ores( s!rface se&re&ation( local $!m"s9 *it$ a ma)im!m de"t$
of - cm( ma)im!m area of 2,, cm. defect(all t$e defects of t$is t'"e s$o!ld +elimited to a ma)im!m of -,@ of t$e elemens s!rface element( on t$e face of *$ic$ t$e' are located=
o Defects in t$e coatin& la'er of t$e re+ars local se&re&ation9 *it$ a de"t$ less
t$an t$e t$ic%ness of t$e coatin& la'er reinforcement( ma)im!m len&t$ 7 cm( and
all s!c$ defects +ein& limited to a ma)im!m of 7@ of t$e ed&e len&t$#Defects t$at are *it$in t$e limits mentioned a+ove ma' not +e incl!ded in t$e re"ort*ritten at t$e e)amination of elements after dismantlin&( +!t it *ill +e necessar' solved t$emaccordin& to norm C -20836 !ntil t$e rece"tion of t$e *or%#
Defects t$at e)ceed t$e a+ove limits s$all +e re&istered in t$e min!tes *$ic$ are dra*n!" at t$e e)amination of elements after dismantlin&( and t$e' *ill +e solved accordin& to t$esol!tions determined +' t$e desi&ner and 8 or e)"ert if necessar'#
T$e rece"tion for resistance str!ct!re *ill ta%e "lace on t$e *$ole +!ildin& or "arts of it(accordin& to norm C 74 / 37( Anne) I#-# T$is rece"tion is +ased on t$e direct e)amination
"erformed d!rin& t$e e)ec!tion( t$ro!&$ t$e interior or e)terior control# Additionall' it *ill c$ec%:
• doc!ments certif'in& t$e !alit'( sti"!lated +' t$e re&!lations in force( of t$e
delivered materials=
• t$e e)istence and content of min!tes of t$e !alit' rece"tion for casin&s(
reinforcements( t$e elements as"ect after dismantlin& / assessin& t$e !alit' of concrete !sed for t$e str!ct!ral elements( and t$e e)istence and content of min!tes for t$e decisive "$ases=
• T$e e)istence and content of !alit' certification doc!ments( in case t$e concrete
*as s!""lied +' anot$er constr!ction !nit=
• ;indin&s recorded d!rin& e)ec!tion t$ro!&$ t$e interior and e)terior control=
• Confirmation t$ro!&$ records of t$e correct "erformance meas!res("rovided in
vario!s doc!ments iss!ed d!rin& e)ec!tion=
• Records in t$e +oo% entr' of concrete=
• !lletin on t$e !alit' of concrete=
• Overall si<e and rates of level=
• Vario!s dimensions in relation to t$e "ro?ect=
• T$e &a"s "rovided in t$e "ro?ect=
• Relative "osition on t$e $ei&$t of t$e constr!ction of vertical elements col!mns(
*alls9=
• An' ot$er c$ec% is considered necessar'#;or t$e rece"tion of a resistance str!ct!re( if re!ested +' t$e desi&ner( t$e e)ec!tant *ill
"resent to t$e investor t$e anal'sis +!lletins for t$e reinforced concrete +' non/destr!ctivetestin&# T$e desi&ner c$ooses t$e elements and t$e n!m+er of tests# Non/destr!ctive tests s$all+e cond!cted accordin& to norm C .4/37# C$ec%s and t$e findin&s from t$e rece"tion of t$eresistance str!ct!re s$all +e recorded in a "rotocol si&ned +et*een t$e investor( desi&ner ande)ec!tant(statin& t$e concl!sion *$et$er t$e str!ct!re is acce"ted or re?ected#
In cases in *$ic$ deficiencies in t$e e)ec!tion str!ct!re are fo!nd( t$e remedial meas!res*ill +e determined( and after t$eir e)ec!tion( a ne* rece"tion *ill +e sc$ed!led#T$e cover t$e str!ct!ral elements *it$ ot$er *or%s *alls( "lasters( "rotection( finis$9 is"ermitted onl' on t$e +asis of a dis"osal &iven +' t$e investor or t$e desi&ner# T$is dis"osal *ill
+e availa+le onl' after t$e rece"tion of t$e resistance str!ct!re ( or in some ?!stified cases( after t$e "artial rece"tion of t$e str!ct!re#
T$e e)amination of concretes resistance at t$e a&e of .3 da's *ill +e ta%en at t$e finalrece"tion of t$e str!ct!re# T$e !alit' of concrete delivered +' concrete station *ill +ea""recited +ased on t$e anal'sis res!lts at t$e a&e of .3 da's on sam"les ta%en at concretestation in accordance *it$ Anne) VI#5 details# of NE ,-./00# ;ollo*in& t$is anal'sis( t$e"ossi+le necessar' meas!res in order to im"rove t$e !alit' of concrete( *ill +e ta%en#
Me#'*(e' #& 'e$$e0e&$' T$e meas!rements are made as follo*s:/ ;or concrete *or%: t$e mc# "o!red concrete=
/ To *or% casin&s: t$e s!are meters# e)ec!ted +' framin&=/ ;or reinforcement *or%s: "er %&# s$a"ed +' reinforcement and assem+led
T$is c$a"ter contains t$e tec$nical s"ecifications for t$e e)ec!tion of +it!mino!s
*ater"roofin& materials and some related *or%s( in order to "rotect &ro!nd*ater andconstr!ction s!"raterane#>ater"roofin& are constr!ction *or%s in order to "revent moist!re "enetration and *ater meteors( or &ro!nd*ater tec$nolo&' inside t$e +!ildin& or t$e constr!ction and ens!re t$e"reservation of &ood conditions in t$e "$'sical c$aracteristics / mec$anical com"onent of constr!ction materials#
2. REFERENCE STANDARDS AND NORMATIVES
a9 STAS .5778. 36 />ater"roofin& and +it!mino!s materials in constr!ctionelements#
+9 STAS .57785 36 /it!mino!s *ater"roofin& on roofs and terraces#
c9 C--. 34 /Normative for t$e desi&n and e)ec!tion of +it!mino!s*ater"roofin&#
d9 STAS -,24 63 / it!mino!s settin& PA 77( PA 27#
e9 STAS 6,-4 3, / ;eltin& of +it!mino!s fi+er &lass IA --,,( I -.,,( IP-.,,#
f9 STAS -53 3, / Card+oard as"$alt CA 5,,( CA 2,,#
&9 STAS 6,42 63 / it!men for t$e *ater"roofin& t'"e 4,867 si 3,80,#
$9 STAS -446 64 /eav' nat!ral a&&re&ates for concrete and mo!ntin& mineral+inders
i9 STAS 445 64 and / Lead in t$e form of stri"s9#
STAS 20- 6,
=. MATERIALS AND E3UIPMENT. 3UALITY CECKIN. DELIVERY ANDLINAND STORAE
MATERIALS
• Card+oard +it!mino!s t'"e CA 5,,( CA 2,,( accordin& to STAS -53 / 3,#
• andlin& and trans"ort of +it!mino!s materials *ill +e made caref!ll' so as not to
dama&e t$em( on s$ort distances#
• All materials for *ater"roofin& in rolls *ill +e stored at least !nder s$eds and *ill +e
s"ared an' from +lo*s#
• D!rin& t$e stora&e "rocess its necessar' to ta%e all t$e meas!res to &!ard a&ainst fire(
accordin& to t$e r!les in force#
4. E9ECUTION TECNOLOY
A$ $e((#e' #& (%%"'
• >arm *ater"roofin& *ill onl' +e e)ec!ted at a tem"erat!re a+ove 7 C# Bnder t$is
tem"erat!re *or%s can +e e)ec!ted onl' in com"liance *it$ t$e norm C -4 / 32#
• T$e tem"erat!re of +it!men mastic in t$e +oiler *ill not e)ceed .., C( and *$en
stic%in& t$e la'ers( it *ill +e +et*een -4, C and .., C#
• S!""ort s!rfaces for a""lication a&ainst t$e va"or +arrier or *ater"roofin& *ill +e
monitored and c$ec%ed( if corres"ondin& STAS .577 8 5 / 36 and conditions of Section5#7 of norm C --. / 34 on t$e slo"es( eliminatin& as"erities( stren&t$enin& state anddr'in& s!""ort( fi)in& lea%in& "i"es( cli"s for $oldin& t$e elements of t$e +oard and ot$er similar *or%s#
• Va"or +arrier a&ainst t$e la'ers and t$e diff!sion or *ater"roofin& *ill +e a""lied to
$olders of concrete or mortar cement( after seedin& *it$ em!lsion or +it!men sol!tion*it$ 5,, &8sm#
• T$e seedin& la'er of +it!men *ill r!n on a *ell cleaned and dried s!""ort la'er( onl'
*$en o!tside t$e tem"erat!re &oes !" to 4 C and *it$ +it!men em!lsion on t$e *ets!""ort la'er onl' on tem"erat!re a+ove 3 C#
• La'ers for va"or diff!sion com"rised of +it!men "erforated feltin& IP -.,, or --,,(
"rovided !nder t$e va"or +arrier( coverin& rooms *$ere $!midit' e)ceeds 4,@ or !nder *ater"roofin& a""lied over t$e t$ermal ins!lation( sensitive to moist!re( "rovided *it$concrete s$eets( *ill +e a""lied *it$o!t stic%in&( *it$ 7 cm overla"s and "laced *it$ t$e+linds on t$e s!""ort#
• La'ers of diff!sion *ill not +e a""lied on eaves and on a radi!s of a""ro)# .7 cm ro!nd
t$e mo!t$s of draina&es#
• Comm!nication *it$ t$e o!tside of t$e diff!sion la'er !nder t$e covers of attics *ill +e
made of t$e stri" of "erforated +it!men feltin& IP9 of 7, cm *idt$( "laced at - mdistance#
accordin& to t$e inclination !" to .,@ +it!men 3,80, 9#
• To im"lement on t$e roofs s!rface t$e *ater"roofin&( t$e rolls of +it!men s$eets *ill r!n
on t$e s!""ort s!rface and it *ill +e cleaned +' ener&etic +r!s$in&( after*ards it *ill +eleft a time for rela)ation and correctin& s$eets#
• T$e tec$nolo&' and t$e conditions of *ater"roofin& la'ers are mentioned in t$e norm C
--. / Article 34# 5#.,#. / 5#.,#4#
• >ater"roofin& for vertical elements Attic( ventilation s'stems( +as%ets( etc##9 *ill r!n *it$
tailored dimensions stri"s( rolled on t$e la'er of $ot +it!men( from t$e +ottom !"(overla""in& t$e &or&es in ste"s of 2, / 7, cm#
• At t$e corners( ed&es and ot$er "laces *$ere +it!men s$eets ma' not +e rolled( it is
acce"ted to a""l' +' tension t$e mastic on t$e +it!men s$eet( *it$ immediate stic%in&and "ressin&( controllin& t$e ad$erence and contin!it' in t$ese "laces.
• At t$e attics *it$ t$e $ei&$t !" to 4, cm( t$e *ater"roofin& *ill +e t!rned on t$e
$ori<ontal "art of attic( minim!m -, cm and in t$e case of a &reater vertical $ei&$t( it *illrise !" to 7, cm and it *ill +e fi)ed *it$ +olts and "lat+anda( s$ot at distances of a"ro)#7, cm#
• T$e "rotection of *ater"roofin& for vertical elements on ro!tes( *ill +e done *it$ cement
mortar M -,, T a""ro)# 5, mm t$ic%( reinforced *it$ ra+it< on t$e net*or% of steel/
concrete 4 mm to .7 cm#
• T$e sealin& at t$e "!nc$in&s *ill +e +ased on t$e elements diameter and its "$'sical
and mec$anical re!irements as follo*s:
• In cold and *it$o!t vi+rations "!nc$in&s( *it$ a diameter less t$an .,, mm and flan&es(
t$e *ater"roofin& *ill +e a""lied on *elded flan&es and *ill +e "ierced *it$ mo+ileflan&es *it$ scre*s#
• In cold and *it$o!t vi+rations "!nc$in&s( *it$ a diameter less t$an .,, mm and *it$o!t
flan&es( t$e sealin& of *ater"roofin& *it$ vertical elements *ill r!n after t$e fillin& of t$e
&a" *it$ mortar ro!nd t$e element( *it$ t*o la'ers of clot$ or fa+ric &l!ed *it$ mastic+it!men and s"lice element *it$ *ire or nec%lace#
• On terraces( $eav' "rotection e)terior9 of &ravel 6 / -7 mm( *ill +e la'ed in a !niform
la'er 2, mm t$ic%#
• T$e com"osition of ins!lation *ater"roof on t$e terrace: t$e n!m+er of la'ers( t$e t'"e of
clot$( t$e feltin&s( +lan%et( *ill +e detailed in t$e "ro?ect es"eciall' for ins!lation#Ot$er constr!ction elements of t$e terrace *ill +e r!n in accordance *it$ detailed "lansof t$e "ro?ect t$ermal ins!lation( "rotection +oard +lan%ets( etc#9#
UNDERROUND ELEMENTS
D!rin& *ater"roofin& *or%s *$ere a""ro"riate and *$ere not !sin& *ater"roof concreteadditive9( *it$ or *it$o!t "ress!re( its mandator' to follo* t$e re&!lations in STAS .577 8 . 36and in t$e norm C --. / 34 $ead# 2#3 and t$e details of t$e "ro?ect#
>ater"roof ins!lation *ill +e e)ec!ted on t$e total $ei&$t of t$e !nder&ro!nd *alls#
Protection for t$e vertical *ater"roofin& *ill +e made of masonr'( at least -.#7 cm t$ic%#
T$e "rotection for t$e vertical *ater"roofin& *ill +e made of concrete elements(*$ic$ *ill+e fi)ed *it$ distance elements in order not to "!nc$ t$ro!&$ t$e *ater"roofin&#
5. CECKIN 3UALITY OF WORK.DEVIATION ALLOWED .
>ater"roofin& *or%s( most of t$em +ein& $idden *or%s( t$eir !alit' *ill +e c$ec%ed +'e)ec!tion "$ases( endin& t$e "roceed!re( in *$ic$ t$e res!lt *as t$e follo*in&:• !alit' of s!""ort / stiffness( ad$esion( ( $!midit'( findin&s made !nder t$e r!les in force=• !alit' *ater"roofin& materials !nder certificates of !alit'=• "ositionin& and anc$orin& "arts matalice if a""lica+le9=• "rimer !alit' and correct solderin& of eac$ la'er of *ater"roofin&( incl!din& ot$er relatedconstr!ction *or%s=• collect flan&es and tie "lates related to "!nc$in&sr=
• Its +ein& c$ec%ed tinsmit$in& *or%s for ens!rin& ti&$tness re!ired covers( etc#9 and are *ellanc$ored and attac$ed *it$ &roves "ro"erl' e)ec!ted= drain $oles t$at are &rilled and f!nctionnormall' in t$e castin& of *ater locations of t$e $i&$est terrace#
Ver!%!#at!o$ 0e%ore te or, o% ater-roo%!$g.
efore startin& t$e *ater"roofin& *or%s $ave made t$e follo*in& c$ec%s:/ C$ec%in& t$e termination "$ase made "revio!sl' PV rece"tion !alit' la'er s!""ort/ C$ec%in& smoot$ness of la'er s!""ort( as one admitted deviation of 7 mm# on a s!rfacec$ec%ed *it$ strai&$t ed&e of . m in an' direction=/ T$e e)istence of dilatations ?oints . cm# *idt$ on t$e conto!r
/ T$e e)istence of !alit' certificates for materials and semi/incl!ded in t$e *ater"roofin&=/ T$e e)istence of tec$nical a""rovals for "rod!cts and "rocesses ne* information=/ F!alit' materials and corres"ondence delivered to t$e "ro?ect=
Ce#,!$g +ur!$g te e6e#ut!o$ o% te ater-roo%!$g or,'.
After c$ec%in& of smoot$ness( if 'o! find some +!m"s *ill +e corrected *it$ cement mortar andt$ermal ins!lator *ill +e "rotected +' +it!men s$eets or film of s"ecial mortar# efore a""l'in&a la'er of $idro/ins!later *ill c$ec% t$e moist!re of t$e la'er s!""ort#
/ >idt$ of overla"in& s$eets 6/-, cm# Lon&it!dinall'( at least -, cm front9 "ermitted -,@ of s"reads$eets *it$ "etrceri *it$ at least 7 cm lon&it!dinal and 6 cm min# front9=/ Com"liance *it$ t$e direction of mo!ntin& s$eets( !" to .,@ slo"e +e mo!nted "arallel to t$eeaves( +!t over .,@ onl' in t$e lon& line of +i&&er slo"e
/ Connectin& correct ins!lation $ori<ontal *it$ t$e vertical=/ Tinsmit$in& for roofs m!st +e connected *it$ t$e *ater"roofin& and *ell attac$ed to t$e+!ildin&=/ T$e comm!nication *it$ t$e atmos"$ere of t$e diff!sion la'er !nderneat$ sorts( covers( or t!+es=
C/e,!& $/e %0pe$!%& %" %(,'#
/ Ti&$tness *ater"roofin& +' floodin& *it$ *ater for 6. $o!rs to roofs *it$ slo"es !" to 6@incl!sive# T$e *ater *ill e)ceed at least . cm# $i&$est "oint=/ Ti&$tness room *$ere floodin& *ill +e done *it$in 6. $o!rs( t$e *ater la'er t$ic%ness is 5#4cm=/ ;or constr!ctions e)"osed to $'drostatic "ress!re of &ro!nd*ater( +' "rovidin& meas!res of +ac%"ress!re( ( leavin& *ater"roofin& for 23 $o!rs !nder ma)im!m "ress!re=In case t$e sam"les +' floodin& can not +e made( verification is done +' $ammer and vis!als!rve's in an' do!+tf!l "oints=
6. MEASUREMENT AND SETTLEMENT WORKS
• La'ers of *ater"roof ins!lation on $ori<ontal and vertical incl!din& Amos( diff!sion la'er(etc##9 Is meas!red and s$all +e reim+!rsed to t$e s!rface real m" e)ec!ted#• Concrete sla+s are meas!red and reim+!rsed to t$e s!rface m" e)ec!ted#• T$ermal ins!latin& m" of e)ec!ted s!rface area#• concrete of slo"e if a""lica+le9 are meas!red and reim+!rsed mc real e)ec!ted#• "!nc$in&ins!lation of "i"es( ventilation s'stems etc## t$e "iece is meas!red#• T$e metal "lates: covers( loo"s( etc## is meas!red and s$all +e reim+!rsed to m#
Definitions:• GEart$ for st!ffin&G / materials t$at are derived from e)cavation or are +ein& carried and
t$at can +e com"acted accordin& to s"ecification#• GMaterial !ns!ita+le for fillin& / an' of t$e follo*in& materials:
• "eris$a+le materials=• Materials from s*am" areas=• Lo&s( lo&s( m!d( or m!d=• Materials t$at are s!s"ected to s"ontaneo!s com+!stion=• Materials in a ice state• Cla' of li!id limit e)ceedin& 3, and 8 or inde) of "lastici<er e)ceeds 77 determined
accordin& to STAS -0-5 8 2 / Land fo!ndation# Determinin& t$e limits of "lasticit'=• Materials *it$ a s!lf!r content s!c$ as SO29 sol!+le in *ater a+ove ,#-@=• Materials defined as fail!re +' Cons!ltant=• Materials $avin& a de&ree of moistenin& &reater t$an t$e ma)im!m allo*ed=
;or co$esive eart$ *ater content *ill not e)ceed allo*a+le limits of "lastic "amat m!lti"lied +'
-#-#
4.PRERPARIN( )ORKS
D(#!&
efore t$e *or% of em+an%ments( field en&ineer +' $is e)"ense( *il cond!ct t$e mar%in& inaccordance *it$ t$e "ro?ect#
;ield en&ineer is res"onsi+le for maintainin& all t$e dra*in& and if necessar' t$eir restorationand relocation#
• deforestation=• removal of leaves( +ranc$es( &rass( *eeds( and ot$ers=• removal and stora&e la'er ve&etation=• dr' land=• dismantlin& of e)istin& str!ct!res=• "re"aration and a""roval +' t$e class master t$e "roced!res for e)ec!tion of *or%s ofem+an%ments#
>$ere necessar'( ;ield en&ineer m!st remove all trees( s$r!+s *it$ roots and *ill carr' t$e
;ield en&ineer ma' +e&in *or% onl' after t$e em+an%ments of t$e "reliminar' details of t$eCons!ltant#
T$e e)ec!tion *ill +e received +' ins"ector for a""roval at least 3 da's +efore t$e *or% ofem+an%ments# T$ese s$o!ld incl!de information on t$e "ro&ram for em+an%ments( incl!din&
e!i"ment !sed in e)cavations( trans"ortation( !dara( com"action#
T$e *or%s of em+an%ments can not +e done *$en soil is fro<en( or contain sno* or ice# T$e*or%s of em+an%ments *ill +e interr!"ted if t$e terms of t$ese s"ecifications are +ein&!ndermined#
E)#7#$!%& %(,'To avoid cras$in& +an%s( *$ic$ co!ld lead to accidents and 8 or sto"s t$e flo* of *or% isre!ired t$e follo*in& conditions:• Ma)im!m di&&in& de"t$ !ns!""orted in narro* s"aces:• Land *ea% co$esive: ,#67m
• Land East: -#.7m• Land lo!d and ver' lo!d: .#,,m
;ield en&ineer is res"onsi+le for ens!rin& sta+ilit' of +an%s and *$ere necessar' red!cet$ese limits defined a+ove( es"eciall' if t$e "resence of *ater in t$ese areas#Tem"orar' +an%s s$o!ld +e sta+ili<ed in connection ste"s9 +efore t$e fillin& o"erations andcom"action( la+or costs( materials and e!i"ment !sed for t$is "!r"ose *ill +e "rovided in !nit"rices of ;ield en&ineer #
To start *or% on e)cavations( ins"ector *ill verif' t$e "ro"er e)ec!tion and com"letion of
"re"arator' *or%s#E)ec!tion of e)cavation *or% is done( !s!all' mec$ani<ed e)cavation man!al +ein& !sed onl'*$ere !se of mec$anical means is !n?!stified in terms of val!e for mone'# D!rin& e)ec!tiondi&&in& m!st +e considered in t$e follo*in& as"ects:
-# maintainin& t$e nat!ral +alance of t$e land aro!nd t$e $ole a s!fficient distance so asnot to endan&er t$e s!rro!ndin& +!ildin&s=
.# *$en "o!rin& t$e concrete fo!ndation or t$e e!ali<ation is done immediatel' after t$edi&&in& o"eration( e)cavation *ill +e sto""ed at a $i&$er rate of at least 5,cm t$an t$e finalrate( to "revent modification of "$'sico/mec$anical c$aracteristics of t$e terrain +eneat$ t$esole fo!ndation =
5# di&&in& lar&e lon& *ill or&ani<e so t$at for an' "$ase of *or%( +ottom of di&&in& +e
&iven one or more "oints to ens!re t$e collection of *ater=2# ;ield en&ineer *ill ta%e all necessar' meas!res to evac!ate t$e *ater collected in t$e
7# mec$ani<ed di&&in& s$o!ld not e)ceed t$e "ro?ected "rofile of di&&in&= for t$is "!r"ose*ill sto" di&&in& *it$ a""ro)# 5, cm a+ove t$e s$are of t$e "ro?ect as t$e follo*in& to +ee)ec!ted man!all'=
4# d!rin& e)ec!tion( ;ield en&ineer is re!ired to re!est &eotec$nician on t$is site(
reac$in& !ota fo!ndation to determine *$et$er t$e nat!re of t$e land meets t$e fo!ndation oft$e "ro?ect=6# If in t$e +ottom of t$e $ole( crac%s a""ears( t$e necessar' means *ill +e ta%en +'
Desi&ner 8 class master=3# if s!"erficial dam"in& d!e to atmos"$eric "reci"itation( +ottom of t$e $ole m!st +e left
to dr' +efore startin& +et#
Co$+!t!o$' %or te '!te=
;ield en&ineer:-# >ill not +e&in an' *or% !ntil after recei"t of t$e site and "arts of level +ased on a
"rotocol si&ned +' t$e Investor 8 Cons!ltant( Desi&ner and Contractor#.# efore +e&innin& *or%( *ill cons!lt *it$ a!t$orities on t$e "osition and t'"es of ro!tes
"i"eline9 &ro!nd*ater t$at ma' +e enco!ntered#
I$%or&at!o$ o$ o#a $etor,' o% ut!!t!e'=
;or t$e entire site *ill indicate ro!tes of an' e)istin& !tilit' net*or%s in o"eration: *aters!""l'( se*era&e $o!se%ee"in&( "l!vial draina&e( electricit'( telecomm!nications( &as( etc## ;or"i"elines near enclos!re( *ill c$ec% t$eir "roofness#
Vegeta0ee eart e6#a*at!o$ ?
;ield en&ineer:/ >ill e)cavate least -,cm / "lant s!rface la'er of t$e di&&in& and 8 or a si<e determined +' t$eCons!ltant# >ill e)cavate a minim!m de"t$ of 5,cm la'er of ve&etation in areas t$at *ill "rovide"lantin& and %ee" e)cavate material for re!se=/ E)cavated eart$ *ill +e de"osited in desi&nated "laces in $ald# T$is *ill +e %e"t se"arate fromot$er materials# Ma)im!m distance t$at *ill +e trans"orted *ill not e)ceed 4,m#/ T$e s"readin& and levelin& a &ro!nd la'er of ve&etation in t$e !s!al t$ic%ness of -,cm or5,cm to t$e areas indicated on t$e "lans for "lantin& s$r!+s and &rass#
E$%or#e&e$t Fou$+at!o$
>ill r!n accordin& to dimensions( "rofiles and levels s"ecified in "lans# ;ield en&ineer*ill ta%e all decisions necessar' to solve tec$nical sit!ations *$ere local colla"se 8 +an%s in t$escoo" areas( and t$e' *ill connect in ste"s( fillin& *ill +e done8 com"action material "ro"erl'filled *it$ concrete or if it can not ac$ieve com"action ( all t$ese meas!res *ill not involvec$an&es to t$e net vol!me of *or%#
efore +e&innin& *or%( *ill c$ec% t$e dra*in& on t$e &ro!nd and form in t$e "ermittedtolerances( accordin& to STAS 03.2 8 - GMeas!rements land# Dra*in& on t$e field of civilconstr!ction( ind!strial and a&ric!lt!ral#
If t$e level indicated +' t$e land does not meet t$e re!irements of t$e "ro?ect( *illanno!nce t$e desi&ner 8 cons!ltant *$o *ill determine $o* to contin!e t$e *or%#Im"ro"ers la'ers of eart$ and roc%s fo!nd in t$e massive site *ill +e removed and t$e res!ltin&
&a"s *ill +e filled *it$ concrete as indicated or Cons!ltant#
(ater D!'#arge'
T$e "resence of !nder&ro!nd *ater on dee" e)cavations is a factor *$ic$ +rin&sman' so!rces of ris% to +e ta%en into acco!nt in t$e desi&n and im"lementation *or%#De*aterin& &oal is to remove *ater from t$e e)cavation and ens!re *or%in& conditions in t$eland#
T$e main met$ods +' *$ic$ t$e removal of *ater from !nder&ro!nd e)cavations are dee":/ P!m"in& *ater directl' "enetrate t$ro!&$ t$e *alls and +ottom of e)cavations=/ Lo*erin& t$e overall level of !nder&ro!nd *ater t$ro!&$ *ells or filters acic!lare/filters made+efore e)cavation=/ Ac$ieve *aterti&$t +arrier to "revent *ater enterin& t$e !nder&ro!nd e)cavation#C$oosin& t$e most effective met$od de"ends on man' factors( *$ic$ incl!de: t$e si<e andes"eciall' t$e de"t$ of e)cavations( t$e nat!re and t$ic%ness of la'ers of eart$( t$e si<e of t$e*ater "ress!re in eac$ la'er( t$e "resence in t$e vicinit' of +!ildin&s and !tilities= time t$ee)cavation *ill remain o"en#
If t$e !nder&ro!nd *ater level is a+ove t$e +ottom la'er of di&&in&( SC-EO-IN/SOFT SRL *ill "re"are a draft of de*aterin&( *$ic$ *ill detail t$e *or% of mana&ement(
collection and dis"osal of "remises and *ater infiltrated *ater from rainfall# T$e "ro?ect *illcontain all necessar' means lo*erin& &ro!nd*ater level +elo* t$e rate of final e)cavationsand maintain t$is level d!rin& t$e e)ec!tion of t$e *or%s inside#
If differences +et*een t$e !nder&ro!nd *ater level and t$e lo*er la'er of di&&in& ris% of too m!c$ de+t m!st +e disc$ar&ed( *$ic$ is leadin& to e)cessive trainin& material( ma' not +econtrolla+le#
Tec$nical sol!tions for ac$ievin& de*aterin& *ill c$oose de"endin& on t$e "artic!lar site and *ill correlate *it$ "erformance tec$nolo&' *or%s from inside enclos!re#It *ill r!n a s'stem of drains to &at$er in t$e *aters of t$e +ase( *$ere t$e' *ill +e evac!ated+' "!m"in& s'stem and led to t$e draina&e of t$e localit'#
Drains *ill +e lined *it$ filter material to avoid e)cessive involvement of t$e fin materialfo!ndation of t$e land# In t$is "!r"ose( +ase from *$ic$ disc$ar&e *ater *ill +e arran&ed for t$e "!m"s t$at do not res!lt in fine material#
T$e "!m" is made +efore t$e *or% and *ill +e ada"ted as re!ired( d!rin& e)ec!tion#In c$oosin& and a""l'in& t$e met$od of de*aterin& is re!ired for +asic conditions( s!c$ as:Q Decreased level of !nder&ro!nd *ater m!st +e constantl' !nder control( to avoid variationst$at ma' affect t$e sta+ilit' of e)cavations and constr!ction *or% contin!it' and sta+ilit' of ad?acent +!ildin&s=Q E)cavation m!st al*a's remain sta+le( *it$o!t slidin& to occ!r in +an%s or e)cessives*ellin& of t$e +ase=Q >$en t$e *ater +earer la'er is a &ran!lar !neven &ro!nd( it can +e$ave as an inverse filter(
a+le to "revent t$e loss of land +' "!m"in&( if t$is does not occ!r( t$e filter s$o!ld +e doneconversel' aro!nd P!t!l disc$ar&e to "revent >$atever t$e involvement( "artic!larl' in sand'd!st and fine sand=Q T$e "!m"in& m!st +e "rovided *it$ t$e ca"a+ilities and so!rces of ener&' reserves=
Q De*aterin& met$od s$o!ld not affect near+' +!ildin&s=Q Met$od s$o!ld +e c$osen to avoid e)cessive loss of land from ad?acent mo!ntain of t$ee)cavations( *$ere t$e *ater flo* t$ro!&$ t$e *alls of e)cavations#
Mo$!tor!$g o% e6#a*at!o$'
It m!st dra* !" a "ro?ect monitorin& of dee" e)cavations in !r+an areas on trac%in&+e$avior over time to all "remises in t$e area of infl!ence of t$e *or%# T$is "ro?ect *ill +e "art of a "ro?ects overall o+?ective#
Monitorin& *ill incl!de( in all cases( ma%e meas!rements to"ometr'# T$ro!&$ t$e "ro?ect *ill +eesta+lis$ed:/ Location of reference landmar%s=/ Location of settlin& mar%s=/ T$e meas!rements in accordance *it$ t$e "rovisions of STAS .627/0,( A""endi) #Settlin& mar%s *ill +e made accordin& to STAS -,205/64 and +e located so as to +e visi+led!rin& t$e e)ec!tion of *or%s#Location of mar%s *ill +e set in con?!nction *it$ t$e e)cavations#Mar%s *ill +e "laced on str!ct!ral elements e& *all +!ried9 as *ell as +!ildin& and land *it$int$e <one of infl!ence of t$e e)cavations#Pro?ect monitorin& *ill incl!de( as re!ired( and a""ro"riate means to meas!re t$e variation of
!nder&ro!nd *ater level in t$e area of infl!ence of t$e e)cavations#Pro?ect monitorin& ma' also incl!de a s'stem for dealin& *it$ *all to s!""ort t$e e)cavations#In dra*in& !" t$e meas!rement *ill "rovide t$e re!ired meas!rements after "erformin&s"ecial events t$at ma' occ!r d!rin& e)ec!tion and *$ic$ are felt in t$e area( s!c$ as:/ Eart$!a%es=/ E)"losions=/ Ann!al rain fre!enc' - 8 - most rain in a 'ear9#>$ere dee" e)cavations *it$ *idt$s &reater t$an ., m( terminated +ased in marne or cla'formations( it is recommended to cond!ct meas!rements of movements of e)cavations( frome)cavations and constr!ction ac$ievement#
Re"ort containin& t$e res!lts of meas!rements s$o!ld +e for*arded to t$e +eneficiar'and desi&ner *it$in 7 da's of t$e end of "$ase meas!rements# T$e re"ort *ill +e inter"reted +'t$e desi&ner( *$o *ill determine an' necessar' meas!res# T$ese meas!res +ecome mandator'for t$e man!fact!rer d!rin& t$e e)ec!tion of t$e *or%#
Dee" e)cavation in !r+an areas is a *or% of "artic!lar( for &eotec$nical and$'dro&eolo&ical conditions "la' a "re"onderant role#In t$e tec$nical "$ase of t$e "ro?ect or "ro?ect "$ase sin&le &eotec$nics e)"ertise *ill need toassess t$e acc!rac' of t$e sol!tion ado"ted to &eotec$nical ris%s identified#
D!rin& t$e e)ec!tion of *or%( e)"ertise &eotec$nics *ill determine t$e e)tent to *$ic$
t$e land enco!ntered are consistent *it$ t$ose reco&ni<ed +' t$e researc$ fo!ndation of t$eland and t$e need to ada"t tec$nolo&' or "ro?ect im"lementation in t$ese circ!mstances( tored!ce ris% to an acce"ta+le level#
If d!rin& e)cavation *or%s( arc$aeolo&ical o+?ects are discovered( it *ill immediatel'sto" *or% near t$em and *ill notif' local a!t$orities !nder t$e la*#
Stu%%!$g (or,' It s"read and levels fillin& of land in man' la'ers of loose .7,mm# St!ffin& is made so t$at
*ater can drain freel' on t$e s!rface a+ove# >ill recover com"acted st!ffin& *$ere deterioratedd!rin& t$e e)ec!tion of *or%s#
Eac$ la'er of fillin& *ill +e caref!ll' com"acted and consolidated to at least 07@ ofma)imal densit' meas!red in Procter test for t$e de&ree of com"action !nder STAS -0-58-5/35# T$e de&ree of fillin& moist!re s$o!ld +e +et*een 8 /.@ of o"tim!m moist!re content for&ran!lar material and +et*een ,#3 and -#. times t$e "lastic limit of co$esive materials#
E6e#ut!o$ o% e6#a*at!o$' or,' +ur!$g #o+
Enforcement *or%s e)cavations d!rin& cold *ill com"l' *it$ all "rovisions norm C-4/32 GNormativ for a +lea% time of constr!ction *or%s and related facilitiesG for t$is t'"e of *or%#Some "rovisions of t$e norm are &iven +elo* in t$e s"ecification
> Ru$$!$g +!gg!$g>ill +e started immediatel' after nat!ral icin& or raisin& s!"erficial la'er( so as to avoid a ne*free<in& it +efore di&&in& and es"eciall' +efore t$e castin& of fo!ndations#
>$en di&&in& *it$ de*aterin& met$ods( *ater "!m"ed *ill +e removed immediatel'( in ordernot to form ice aro!nd t$e "oint of *or%#E)cavation e!i"ment for di&&in& d!rin& cold( e)cavators (scarifiers( +!lldo<ers *ill +ee)amined caref!ll' at t$e end and +e&innin& *or% clanin& t$e de+ris of t$e eart$#
Grou$+ tra$'-ortat!o$ +ur!$g #o+ Trans"ort di&&in& t$e eart$ d!rin& cold s$o!ld +e over +efore 'o! start to free<e( in accordance*it$ t$e ta+le +elo*:
Air tem"erat!re UC 9 Start Time of free<in& min9/ 7 0,
/ -, 4,/ -7 7,
Ru$$!$g %!!$g' +ur!$g #o+ t!&e;illin&s ma' +e com"acted and r!n/d!rin& cold time t$ro!&$ man!al or mec$anical if t$efollo*in& conditions:Tec$nolo&'c$al Process and tem"erat!re
conditions in D!rationTe0pe(#$*(e D*(#$#
Di&&in&( trans"ortin& distri+!tin& in fillin&and com"actin& !nfrost eart$#
- UC# T$e total e)ec!tiond!ration
Di&&in& eart$ for fillin& in t$e settlement of areas in *$ic$ t$e land is not fro<en
- UC# D!ration of di&&in&
T$e settlement of land fillin& on land or t$elo*er !nfosted la'er
- UC# >$en settlin& la'er##
On reac$in& t$e critical tem"erat!re mentioned in t$e ta+le( t$e e)ec!tion of fillin&s sto"s ta%in&meas!res to "rotect di&&ed areas and t$ose *$o are reali<ed +' st!ffin&#
All t$e "erformance of t$e fillin&s s$o!ld +e concentrated on small "ortions of land( *or%to +e carried o!t *it$o!t interr!"tion so t$at t$e end of t$e da' "ortion of t$e *or% to +ecom"letel' finis$ed# At setlin& and com"actin& la'ers *ill "revent +rea%s in e)ec!tion and setlin& *ill +e t$in la'ersof ., cm and *ill rotate *it$ t$eir com"action#
Re&ardless of t$e e)terior tem"erat!re of t$e fillin& *or%s *ill sto" com"letel' d!rin& rain or sno*( and t$e fillin&s s$o!ld +e "rotected +' ditc$es and dams a&ainst *as$in&#
C/EC4ONG QUALIT; (OR4S. DEVIATION ADMITTED
C$ec%s +efore startin& *or%efore startin& di&&in& t$e follo*in& c$ec%s m!st +e made:a9 T$e PV deliver / rece"tion / and a "lace for all terminals( *it$ a "ossi+le and %ee"in&"otential ro!tes +!ried=+9 T$e e)istin& &eotec$nical st!d' on t$e fo!ndation of land *$ic$ contains information on:c9 land stratification=d9 t$e t$ic%ness( nat!re( co$esion and moist!re la'ers=e9 t$e rate of &ro!nd*ater=
f9 t$e rate of &ro!nd*ater=&9 T$e e)istence of t$e details of e)ec!tion t$at incl!de:$9 t$e &eneral "lan of fo!ndations=i9 t$e "lan of di&&in& "ad9=
?9 details of e)ec!tion fo!ndations=On com"letion of *or%s for di&&in& fo!ndations( *ill c$ec% for eac$ one of si<e and !otasmade t$e land and nat!re#
Stu%%!$g &ater!a'
>ill +e sent soil sam"les to la+orator' for testin& accordin& to t$e instr!ctionsCons!ltant 8 en&ineer 1eote$nician# Eac$ sam"le of co$esive &ran!lar soil *ill *ei&$ .7%& andsoil sam"les !nco$esive com"osed of coarse &ravel# Soil sam"les *ill +e ta%en accordin& toSTAS -.2. 8 - / GLand of t$e fo!ndation# Princi"les of &eolo&ical researc$( tec$nical and&eotec$nical land fo!ndation#;ield en&ineer *ill +e informed after receivin& t$e res!lts of la+orator' tests on:-# T$e t'"e of fillin& materials a""roved=.# Ma)im!m moist!re content at *$ic$ t$e fillin& material *ill +e s!+?ect com"actarii#(or,' o% #o&-a#t!o$
It *ill "rovide t$e &ro!nd for fillin& com"acted tests *it$ a fre!enc' of one attem"t ever'2,,m. for eac$ la'er of fillin&# T$e test res!lts *ill +e acce"ted a minim!m standard deviationof 07@ of t$e dr' densit' determined +' t$e standard Proctor test#Per&!''!0e +e*!at!o$'
-# Deviations on t$e acc!rac' of t$e site and rate level:c9 T$e $ori<ontal a)es of fo!ndations: -, mm=d9 T$e vertical "lane in t$e !ota level: -, mm=.# Dimensional tolerances of t$e elements#a9 In t$e $ori<ontal "lane:/ ei&$ts !" to . m ., mm=/ ;or t$e entire $ei&$t of . m 5, mm=+9 tiltin& to*ards t$e vertical ed&es:/ - m to 5 mm=/ ;or all $ei&$t: -4 mm=
a9 Allo*a+le deviations from t$e de&ree of com"action s"ecified in t$e "ro?ect:+9 vertical s'stemati<ation: Avera&e -,@ -7@=c9 aro!nd t$e fo!ndations and +asements: avera&e 7@ minim!m of 3@=d9 in ditc$es "i"eline: avera&e 7@( minim!m 3@=
4# Meas!res and settlement# And settlement meas!rements are made at mc
-4 24,4/6,Nat!ral A&&re&ates for $eav' mortar and concrete *it$mineral +inders# Testin& met$od
-6 423.8-/65Steel >ire and *ire "rod!cts for "re/stressed concrete#R!les for !alit' c$ec%#
-3 423.8./65 Steel >ire and *ire "rod!cts for "re/stressed concrete#Smoot$ *ire#
-0 423.85/65Steel *ires and *ire "rod!cts for "re/stressed concrete#Stam"ed *ire#
., 423.82/62Steel *ires and *ire "rod!cts for "re/stressed concrete#Strands
.- 44768-/64Prefa+ricated elements of concrete( reinforced concreteand "refa+ricated concrete# 1eneral tec$nical conditionsof !alit'#
.. -,-,-8OA/66Constr!ction actions# Classification and &ro!"in&actions for civil and ind!strial constr!ctions#
.5 -,-,68,/0,Civil and ind!strial constr!ctions# Calc!lation elementsand com"osition of concrete( reinforced concrete and"re/stressed concrete
2. NORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS
- P&!!+!!3 Seismic desi&n code/Part I#
. C.0/66Normative for stren&$t$enin& t$e *ea% fo!ndation&ro!nd +' mec$anical met$ods#
5 P6/.,,, Normative for t$e desi&n and enforcement of +!ildin&sfo!nded on "oor land#
2 1-/62Tec$nical Instr!ctions to determine t$e com"action for $o!sin&( social / c!lt!ral and ind!strial constr!ction +'to"o&ra"$ical met$ods#
7 ..687/63Cements# P$'sical tests# Determination of $'dration$eat#
4 NE,-./00Code of "ractice for t$e e)ec!tion of concrete *or%s(reinforced concrete and "re/stressed concrete#
6 C.-/66Re&!lation for t$e e)ec!tion of "re/stressed concrete*or%s
3 C-5,/63Tec$nical Instr!ctions for t$e a""lication of concrete andmortar +' &!nitin& in t$e e)ec!tion of constr!ction *or%sor re"airs and reinforcement#
0 C-,6/63Normative for t$e desi&n( e)ec!tion and rece"tion of t$ermal ins!lation of ind!strial and civil constr!ction#
-, C --./67Normative for t$e desi&n and e)ec!tion of *ater"roofin&made of +it!mino!s materials in constr!ction *or%s#
--C -6, /62
Tec$nical Instr!ctions for t$e "rotection of reinforcedand "re/stressed concrete elements( located ina&&ressive environments of ind!str' of s!lf!ric acid ands!"er"$os"$ate#
-.C-20/63
Tec$nical Instr!ctions on t$e !se of mi)t!res of cement+ased on e"o)' resin to fi) t$e defective on constr!ction*or%s
/;or t$e *alls of reinforced monolit$ concrete it *ill +e "rovided t$e "ro&ressive casin& of one of t$e faces *it$ "anels mo!nted !" to -m $i&$ in "ro&ression *it$ t$e concretin&#/ It is recommended t$at t$e connection of t$e casin&s not to cross t$e *all# In case t$isis not "ossi+le( its mandator' to ado"t sol!tions in order to c$ec% and seal t$e crossin&
areas crossed +' !sin& connections#/Irre&!larities from t$e dimensions of t$e "ro?ect *ill +e 5,@ lo*er t$an t$ecorres"ondin& irre&!larities for elements made of !s!al concrete#- ;or t$e dimensions *$ic$ $ave no s"ecified deviations in t$e "ro?ect( t$e a""ro"riate
deviations corres"ondin& to t$e 0t$ limit class of "recision accordin& to STAS 44768-/64 of G"refa+ricated elements of concrete( reinforced concrete and "re/stressedconcrete( *ill +e ado"ted# 1eneral tec$nical conditions of !alit' G/ efore mo!ntin& casin&s from monolit$ic concrete *alls it *ill +e verified:
o T$e correct "osition of re+ars at t$e connection *it$ t$e fo!ndation mat
o Woint cleanin& and removal of concrete *it$ *ea% ad$erence
o Mo!ntin& sealin& "arts at ?oint
4. Te/&!# %&!$!%&' "%( "!$$!&'?Man!fact!rin&( stora&e and installation of re+ars *ill +e in accordance *it$ t$e norm NE,-./00 / ANNEJ II# - *it$ t$e follo*in& additional s"ecifications:
- Distance "ieces made of "lastic or mortar( *ill +e !sed#- ;ittin&s dis"osed on t$e t*o sides of t$e *all *ill +e maintained at t$e distance
mentioned in t$e "ro?ect !sin& distance "ieces made of steel#- It is for+idden to +end t$e fittin&s( if t$e' do not fit t$e conto!r of t$e *all( onl'
*it$ t$e a&reement of t$e desi&ner t$e e)ec!tion of +rac%ets on t$e len&t$ of t$e ?oint( *ill +e acce"ted#
- Man!fact!rin&( stora&e and "!ttin& into *or% of "retensionate fittin&s( *ill +e inaccordance *it$ t$e norm C.-/66#
5. Te/&!# %&!$!%&' "%( %&(e$e?
- T$e fres$ concrete mallea+ilit' re!ired for "!ttin& into *or% *ill +e in F5(corres"ondin& to a com"action of 7 ## 0cm de&ree of com"action +et*een -#,2and -#-,9
- Minim!m stren&t$ of cement is &iven +' t$e mar% and t$e concretesim"ermea+ilit' "rescri+ed +' t$e desi&n +!t not less t$an t$e val!es s$o*n in t$e
a!toa&itators#/ Castin& *ill +e in contin!o!s la'ers not e)ceedin& ,#7 ### ,#4 m in $ei&$t and *ill avoid ?ointsot$er t$an t$ose sti"!lated in t$e "ro?ect#- T$e interval +et*een castin& of t*o s!ccessive la'ers of concrete s$o!ld not e)ceed - ## 5
$o!rs *$en !sin& dela'in& additive9 de"endin& on local conditions and time of t$e cementsettin&# If 'o! e)ceed t$is ran&e( +efore res!min& concretin& on t$e old la'er of concrete it*ill +e set a la'er of cement mortar -:5 in t$ic%ness of -/.cm#
- Com"actin& concrete *ill +e done in accordance *it$ t$e norm NE/,-.800 at a ma)im!m of -7 min!tes after t$e castin&# Distance +et*een t$e formations of castin& and t$e vi+ration isdetermined accordin&l'# Concrete s!rfaces s$all +e maintained *et !ntil t$e a&e of -2 ### .3da's( de"endin& on e)"os!re conditions#/ It is recommended to "rotect t$e fo!ndation mat +' coverin& it *it$ a la'er of *ater or ala'er of sand %e"t in *et state
- ;or t$e *alls it is recommended to "rotect t$e concrete *it$ tar"a!lins a&ainst t$e actionof *ind and s!nli&$t#
- T$e !alit' of concrete "laced in *or% *ill +e done accordin& to t$e norm NE,-.800
6. I&!#$!%&' %& $/e e)e*$!%& %" %&$#!&e('
E)ec!tion of containers made of reinforced concrete and "re/stressed concrete *ill ta%einto acco!nt t$e norms NE,-.800si C .-/66( filled *it$ t$ese instr!ctions#
T$e e)ec!tion of *or%s *ill +e entr!sted onl' to enter"rises "ro"erl' e!i""ed t$at $avetec$nical staff $i&$l' !alified( *it$ e)"erience in carr'in& o!t s!c$ *or%s# T$e containerse)ec!tion *ill +e +ased on "re?ect desi&n and details( s"ecifications and tec$nolo&' files(aimin& in "artic!lar t$e ac$ievement of com"act and !niform concrete str!ct!re# ;or t$is
"!r"ose it *ill f!lfill t$e follo*in& re!irements:/ T$e material com"onents *ill +e s"ared of im"!rification and de&radation#/ Mac$iner' com"action *ill $ave t$e si<e correlated *it$ t$e t$ic%ness of t$e item( t$e
distance +et*een fittin&s and t$ic%ness of s!ccessive la'ers of concrete to allo* a "ro"er vi+ration= t$eir n!m+er *ill +e settled in order to ass!re reserves in case of failin&s#
/ A concretin& "lan *ill +e done in order to ens!re a contin!o!s castin&( also statin& t$en!m+er *or%ers formations#
/ Necessar' facilities for *ater s!""l' and for its disc$ar&e( *ill +e "rovided( for t$ec$ec%in& of ti&$tness in deadlines=
/ On cold *eat$er it *ill +e avoided "o!rin& concrete( t$e e)ec!tion of *ater"roofin& and"rotection t$ro!&$ &!nitin&#
/ efore t$e start of eac$ "$ase of *or% *ill +e verified:/ F!alit' of *or% "erformed +efore t$e "$ase/ If t$e e!i"ment necessar' for t$e concretin&( "re/stressin& and &!nitin&( *or%
"ro"erl'#/ If t$e *or%ers formations $ave ac%no*led&ed t$e instr!ctions in t$e tec$nical files#
In containers located on land in "anta and t$ose fo!nded on eart$ sensitive to dam"in&( it
*ill +e ta%en into acco!nt t$e &ro!" of meas!res for !"&radin& t$e site and +' t$e norm of P6/
.,,, on t$e fo!ndation on land s!sce"ti+le to *ettin&#
In case t$e location of !nder&ro!nd *ater is over t$e fo!ndation mat level( meas!res for
dro""in& t$e *ater level of at least ,#7,m +elo* t$e fo!ndation s$are *ill +e a""lied# T$e
/Diameter D Z -,,, mm -.,, mm res"ectivel'/ Len&t$ Z -7#,, ,#7, Z -7#7, m/ Tilt / verticall'#
.#. #/ T$e concrete section of t$e "ile are:
/ Mar% concrete C.,8.7=/ Minim!m dosa&e of cement/2,, %&#cement 8 mc=/ Mar% cement CEM II 8 A S/5.#7R=/ ad a&&re&ate sorted=/ Consistenc' in tasarea cone -7/-3 cm=/ Reinforcement ST 7,,S / lon&it!dinal +ars in t$e carcasses
ST 7,,S / in fret#
/ C/APTER 3 @ E)ECUTION OF DRILLED PILE
5#- #/ T$e &eometr' of t$e "iles are !nder "oint .#-##5#. #/ T$e concrete section of t$e "ile are in "ara&ra"$ .#.# and data from t$e desi&ns fore)ec!tion#5#5 #/ Conditions for e)ec!tion of drilled "iles#
T$e drilled "iles of lar&e diameter are $i&$/tec$ *or%s and mostl' *it$ $idden as"ects#T$erefore s!rveilance and immediate mana&ement of t$ese *or%s s$o!ld +e entr!sted to staff*it$ e)"erience in t$is t'"e of *or% aimed at com"liance *it$ t$e "ro?ects s"ecifications andt$e norms in force#
;or eac$ "ile in $and are com"leted drillin& and concretein& s$eet of "ile in accordance*it$ t$e model in Anne) of STAS .74-82/37#5#2 #/ P$ases of e)ec!tion of t$e drilled "iles *it$ lar&e diameter are:
/ R!nnin& di&&in& to !ota of "latform *or%=/ Dra*in& on field "osition a)es "ilots=/ Installation of e!i"ment in "osition=/ Di&&in& $ole=/ Cleanin& +ottom $ole drilled=/ Introd!ce carcass reinforcement=/ Concretein& meas!res to "revent se&re&ation in t$e dr' concretein&( !alit' control of
concrete in t$e castin&( n!m+er of sam"les to determine c$aracteristics9=/ Trainin& t$e "ile $ead and reinforced *$at is anc$ored in infrastr!ct!re#
5#7 #/ To avoid landsli"in& at t$e mo!t$ of drillin& and "enetration into t$e $ole( *ill +e !sed to"rotect( s$ort t!+es#5#4 #/ To "revent t$e trainin& &ro!nd and formin& of $oles in t$e &ro!nd aro!nd it *ill follo* t$atli" t!+in& *$ile di&&in& to +e constantl' +elo* drillin& cover stri"#5#6 #/ At concretein&( "o!rin& of concrete *ill +e done t$ro!&$ a f!nnel central a)is of t$e "ile("rolon&ed *it$ t!+e for ro!tin& concrete lon& eno!&$( so do not $it t$e concrete fittin&s#
Pro$i+itin& t$e do*nloadin& of concrete from t$e mo!t$ drillin#3 #/ ;or ever' 7 feet of concrete "laced in t$e *or% *ill ta%e sam"les of concrete#
? C/APTER ? DEVIATION ADMITTED TO T/E E)ECUTION
2#-/Deviation limit "ermitted in t$e "osition of t$e "iles at t$e level of fo!ndation matt com"arin&to t$e one in "ro?ect is 3 cm#2#. #/ Deviation limit "ermitted to tilt "ile a)is is vertical to .@#2#5 #/ deviation limit for t$e "ile diameter is . cm#
2#2 #/ deviation limit for t$e rate of t$e "ile is ., cm#2#7 #/ Deviation limit for t$e !ota "ilot $ead is 7 cm#
/ C/APTER 9 ? QUALIT; CONTROL E)ECUTION
7#- #/ T$e main o+?ectives "!rs!ed in t$e e)ec!tion "$ase of t$e "ile on t$e e)ec!tion of !alit'control are s"ecified in STAS .74-82/37( Ta+le 3( *$ic$ s"ecifies t$e nat!re of control and *$oma%es it#
Amon& t$em incl!de:/installation of drillin& e!i"ment to control t$e "osition of e!i"ment +' e)ec!tin&=/d!rin& and after di&&in& field en&ineer( client and t$e desi&ner controls t$e nat!re of
land made +' e)aminin& t$e land s!rface and dra*s a &eolo&ical "rofile t$at com"ares *it$ t$e%no*n researc$ in t$e field &eotec$nic o"inion=
/ To control t$e de"t$ of t$e $ole and cleanin& of t$e +ottom $ole drilled=/ Verif' t$e com"osition of t$e carcass reinforcement( t$e e)ec!tion of *elds +' t$e
+eneficiar' and e)ec!tor=/ efore "o!rin& concrete to control t$e amo!nt of concrete to ens!re a contin!o!s
