ANALIZA ŞI PROIECTAREA SISTEMELOR INFORMATICE DE GESTIUNE

8/9/2019 ANALIZA ŞI PROIECTAREA SISTEMELOR INFORMATICE DE GESTIUNE

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UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARAFACULTATEA DE ECONOMIE ŞI DE ADMINISTRARE A AFACERILORCENTRUL DE EDUCAŢIE CONTINUĂ ŞI ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNT DESCHIS LA DISTANŢĂ

ANALIZA ŞI PROIECTAREA SISTEMELORINFORMATICE DE GESTIUNE

Conf. univ. dr. Claudiu BRNDAŞ

MANUAL PENTRU ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNTUL LA DISTANŢĂ,ANUL III, CONTABILITATE ŞI INFORMATICĂ DE

GESTIUNE

!"#!


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(c) 2012, Conf. univ. dr. Claudiu BRÂNDAŞ

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1.@.. A9(i)&'ii &( )$+%i($% 5D ......................................................................................... 80 [email protected]. A2&"t&( *i ?&2&"t&( )$+%i($% &%= 5D ....................................................... 80

11. RISCURILE, CONTROLUL SI AUDITUL SIG ............................................................................. 82 11.1. Ris)+%i( *i )$"t%$(+( i" )&%+( sist!($% i"#$%!&ti) ................................................ 82

11.1.1. D#i"i%& *i )(&si#i)&%& %is)+(+i i" )&%+( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( ..................... 82 11.1.. E2&(+&%& %is)+%i($% i" sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( ...................................................... 83

11.1.-. C$"t%$(+( >" )&%+( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( ........................................................... 83

11.. Mt$ *i t0"i)i 3"%&( s)+%it&t & sist!($% i"#$%!&ti) ................................ 84 1. IMPLEMENTAREA ŞI MENTENANŢA 8ÎNTREŢINEREA: SIG ................................................ 86 BIBLIOGRAFIE .............................................................................................................................. 87


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#. NO$IUNI INTRODUCTI%E PRI%IND SISTEMELEINFORMA$IONALE ECONOMICE

1.1. Sistem informaţional economic şi sistem informatic

#.#.#. Si&'()ul infor)a*ional (+ono)i+

P%$(!&ti)& sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( & )$"+s (& $ 9%$)+9&% &))"t+&t= &!&"&3!"t+(+i !$%" 9"t%+ &"&(i?&, 9%$i)t&%& *i !"t"&"'& sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&(.I!9$%t&"'& !&"&3!"t+(+i sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( >" )&%+( 9%$)s+(+i )i?i$"&( *i >")$"tt+( t0"$($3ii($% &)t+&(, & )$"+s (& )%*t%& %$(+(+i &)st+i& 9"t%+ !&"&3!"t+($%3&"i?&'ii($%.

P"t%+ !&i!i?&%& #i)i"'i *i #i)&)it='ii &)ti2it='i($%, $%3&"i?&'ii( !$%" s+"t$(i3&t s=5*i )+"$&s)= *i 9($&t? sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( *i #&)t$%ii t%"i )&% i"#(+"'&?=&)st sist!.

A$%&%& sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( 9$&t #i %&(i?&t= &tt 9%i" 9%is!& T eoriei G eneralea S istemelor 8TGS:, )t *i 9%i" 9%is!& Ciberneticii.

A$%&%& sist!i)= 9%i" 9%is!& TGS st )$")9t+&(i?&t= *i (&$%&t= >" &"ii 1- )=t% i$($3+( Ludwig von Bertalanffy . Ast#( 9%i" &i&'() 9+t! >"'(3, (& !$+( 3"%&(, unansamblu de componente interdependente, care interacţionează între ele conform unor principii şi reguli în scopul atingerii unor obiective comune.

A$%&%& sist!i)= 9%i" 9%is!& )i%"ti)ii & #$st (&$%&t= )=t% N$%%t i"%

)&% 3"%&(i?&?= 9"t%+ 9%i!& $&%= (3it='i %#%it$&% (& )$"t%$(+( *i )$"+)%& sist!($%.A$%&%& )i%"ti)= &% (& &?= 9%i")i9i+( feedback >" )&%+( sist!($%.P$%"i" (& t$%i& 3"%&(= & sist!($% )$")9t+( sistem informaţional & #$st

#i"it >" !$+%i i#%it.Î" Di)'i$"&%+( I"#$%!&ti)= sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( st #i"it )& un ansamblu de

circuite şi fluuri informaţionale organizate într!o concepţie unitară.

"# $arinescu şi %# &aur &+ +%!=t$&%& #i"i'i prin sistem informaţional înţelegem unansamblu organizat şi integrat de date şi informaţii, precum şi procedurile şi mi'loacele pentrucolectarea, prelucrarea şi transmiterea acestora#

C$")9t+( sist! i"#$%!&'i$"&( )$"$!i) st +" %i2&t &( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(

9&%ti)+(&%i?&t >" )&%+( +"it='i($% )$"$!i) *i, >" 3"%&(, >" )&%+( sist!($% )$"$!i).

(# B# )avis +ti(i?&?= 9"t%+ sist! i"#$%!&'i$"&( )$"$!i) t%!"+( sist!i"#$%!&'i$"&( 3sti+" *i = +"& i" 9%i!( #i"i'ii &( &)st+i&, #i"i'i ) 2& %=!"9+")t %#%i"'= & t+t+%$% &+t$%i($% &$%=%i($% )(&si) & sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( *n sistem informaţional de gestiune este un sistem om!maşină, care procură informaţiilenecesare operaţiilor, managementului şi funcţiilor de decizie din organizaţie# +istemul utilizeazăcalculatoare şi programe, comunicaţii de date, modele de management şi de decizie şi o bază de


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date# +tructura sistemului este fundamentată nu numai pe tenologie, dar şi pe modelele deutilizare a informaţiilor şi de luare a deciziilor de către indivizi#

Di" t$&t #i"i'ii(, %?+(t= )= ( este un ansumblu de resurse umane şi materiale,eistente într!o unitate economică, în vederea colectării, prelucrării, stocării şi transmiteriidatelor necesare producerii informaţiilor, utilizate de către toate nivelurile managementului

strategic, tactic şi operaţional în vederea creşterii eficienţei şi eficacităţii activităţilorsubordonate# P"t%+ $s%2&%& )$%)t= & ($)+(+i *i %$(+(+i sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( >" #i3+%& 1st i(+st%&t= 9$?i'i& &)st+i& >" )&%+( sist!+(+i >"t%9%i"%.

Fi3. 1.1. Sist!+( >"t%9%i"%.

Î" #i3+%& 1.1 sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( st i(+st%&t )& s+sist! &( sist!+(+i>"t%9%i"%.

#.#.!. Si&'()ul infor)a'i+

Î" (it%&t+%& &"3($5s&$"= 9"t%+ sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( s +ti(i??&?= t%!"+( information system, i&% 9"t%+ sist!+( i"#$%!&ti) s +ti(i??&?= t%!"+( computer basedinformation system. D&t$%it= #&9t+(+i )= sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( )$"$!i) &)t+&( s+"t9+t%"i) i"#$%!&ti?&t &tt 9"t%+ sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( )t *i 9"t%+ )( i"#$%!&ti) s

+ti(i?&?= t%!"+( information system.Si&'()ul infor)a'i+ %9%?i"t= $ 9&%t & sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( )&% 9%!it%&(i?&%& $9%&'ii($% )+(3%, t%&"s!it%, st$)&%, 9%(+)%&% & &t($% *i i#+?&% &i"#$%!&'ii($% &st#( $'i"+t, 9%i" +ti(i?&%& !i($&)($% t0"$($3ii i"#$%!&'ii 8)&()+(&t$&%(*i &9(i)&'ii( i"#$%!&ti):.

Sist!+( i"#$%!&ti) st &st#( st%+)t+%&t >")t s= )$%s9+"= )%i"'($% i#%it($%3%+9+%i +ti(i?&t$%i

• !&"&3%i (& "i2(+( )$"+)%ii st%&t3i), t&)ti) *i $9%&'i$"&(J• 9%s$"&(+( i!9(i)&t >" 9%$)s+( )+(3%ii *i 9%(+)%=%ii &t($%J

Sistemul întreprindere

Subsistemul decizional

Subsistemul informaţional

Subsistemul operativ

Decizii Informaţii

Decizii Date

Flux informaţional

Fluxuri materiale

şi financiare

M E D I U L E X T

E R I O R


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• 9%s$"&(+( i!9(i)&t >" 9%$)s+( )%)t=%ii *tii"'i#i) *i 9%$i)t=%ii "$i 9%$+s *it0"$($3ii #&%i)&'iJ

• 9%s$"&(+( i!9(i)&t >" 9%$)s+( 9%$+)'i 8)$"t%$(+( 9%$)s($% i"+st%i&(+ti(i?" !i($&) s9)i#i) t0"$($3ii i"#$%!&'ii:.

1.2. Structura sistemelor informaţionale

C$!9$""t( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( 9$t #i st%+)t+%&t &st#(• D&t.• I"#$%!&'ii.• C+"$*ti"'.• Ci%)+it i"#$%!&'i$"&(.• F(++%i i"#$%!&'i$"&(.• P%s$"&(.• P%$)+%i.• Rs+%s 0&%4&%.• Rs+%s s$#t4&%.

)atele s+"t %9%?"t=%i &( )i#%($%, )+2i"t($%, i!&3i"i($%, s+"t($% s&+ #&9t($% i"%&(it&t. P"t%+ sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( &t( s+"t i"t%=%i &( sist!+(+i >" 2%& 9%(+)%=%ii*i t%&"s#$%!=%ii ($% >" i"#$%!&'ii s&+ >" 2%& st$)=%ii &)st$%&.

D !9(+ "+!=%+( -.. s&+ (+"& %anuarie %9%?i"t= $ &t=.

%nformaţiile %9%?i"t= &t 9%(+)%&t &st#( >")t s= #i +ti( *i %(2&"t 9"t%+9%$)s+( )i?i$"&(.

D !9(+ /0n luna aceasta profitul a crescut cu -. 12 st $ i"#$%!&'i.

I"#$%!&'i& #+%"i?&t= )=t% sist!+( i"#$%!&'i$"&( t%+i s= s )&%&)t%i?? 9%i"• acurateţe şi realitate i"#$%!&'i& #+%"i?&t= t%+i s= %#()t )t !&i #i( %&(it&t&,

9%i"t%5$ 2&(+&% )$%)t=J• concizie i"#$%!&'i& t%+i s= $#% 9(+s+( )+"$&*t% (& $i)t, s+))i"t, 2it"+5s

(!"t( "%(2&"tJ• relevanţă i"#$%!&'i& t%+i s= $#% &)( (!"t )+"$&*t% )&% )i"t+(

&% "2$i 9"t%+ s$(+'i$"&%& +"i 9%$(!J• consistenţă i"#$%!&'i& t%+i s= #i "s=, (i9sit= (!"t "i#i)&t$&% 9"t%+

9%$(!& st+i&t=J• oportunitate i"#$%!&'i& t%+i s= 9&%2i"= +t(i?&t$%+(+i >" ti!9 +ti( 9"t%+ &5i s%2i (&

#+"&!"t&%& )i?ii s&(J• accesibilitatea 2i?&?= +*+%i"'& $'i"%& i"#$%!&'ii $%it, )+ (i!it=%i( i!9+s

3%&+( )$"#i"'i&(it&t *i %9t+i%( &))s &( +ti(i?&t$%+(+iJ• forma de prezentare adecvată i"#$%!&'i& t%+i $#%it= +ti(i?&t$%+(+i >"t%5$ !&"i%=

%(2&"t= &st#( >")t &)st& s= $ %)9t? %&9i *i )$%)t. I"i)&t$%ii 9$t #i 9%?"t&'i >"!=%i!i &s$(+t s&+ %(&ti2, >" i"&!i)= 9%i" +ti(i?&%& %9%?"t=%i($% 3%i) *i)$%$$%&'i &st#( >")t %(2&"'& i"#$%!&'ii $#%it s= #i !&i!J

• cost corespunzător >" %&9$%t )+ 2&($&%& &)sti&.


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Fi3. 1.. F+"'ii( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(.

Fun+*ia d( ,nr(-i&'rar(

A)&st= #+")'i )$"'i", %3+(=, $ s%i 9%$)+%i !&"+&( )&% &+ )& #i"&(it&t $%$"&%&&t($% >"t%5$ !&"i%= )&% s= #&)i(it? i"t%$+)%& ($% >" sist!+( 9%(+)%&%. Est $&)ti2it&t #$&%t i!9$%t&"t=, >"t%+)t )&(it&t& &t($% i"t%&% 9i" )&(it&t&%?+(t&t($% $'i"+t >" +%!& 9%(+)%=%ii. Î" )&%+( #+")'i+"ii )+(3% *i >"%3ist%&% &&t($% s +%!=%*t *i (i!i"&%& +"i #i)i"' ) s !&"i#st= >" #+")'i$"&%& sist!($%i"#$%!&'i$"&( )+! &% #i ist$%si+"&*i %+"&"'&. 8B$(&, 1" st$)&%& &t($% 9 9+%t=t$%i t0"i)i !&% )&9&)it&t >" 2%&+ti(i?=%ii ($% >" )&%+( +"$% 9%$)s 9%(+)%&% +(t%i$&%.

• O9%&'iio St$)&%o A%0i2&%o St%+)t+%&%


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• T0"$($3io H&% is)+%i K CD5+%i K DVD5+%i K C"t% &t 8C($+:o S9%&s0t5+%io B&? &to D9$?itKM&3&?ii &t

Fun+*ia d( r(lu+rar(

F+")'i& 9%(+)%&% )$"st= >"5 &))s+( (& &tJ $ 9%i!= 9%$(!= )&% s 9+" st &)& & &)) >" !$ s()ti2 (&&t( ) +%!&?= & #i 9%(+)%&t. T$)!&i &i)i st%+)t+%& &?i &t 9%i!*t &2=%&t& s&i!9$%t&"'= 9"t%+ )= & st )& )&% 2& 9%!it +ti(i?&t$%+(+i s= #$%!+(? #i)i"t )%%i(.A))s+( (& &?( &t s %&(i?&?= )+ &+t$%+( +"$% (i!& )%%i, i"t% )&% SL8St%+)t+% +% L&"3+&3: 2i" st&"&%+( (i!&+(+i i"t%$3&ti2 9"t%+ &?( &t.5 !&"i9+(&%& &t($% )$"st= >" #)t+&%& )&()+(($%, !&i !+(t s&+ !&i 9+'i" )$!9(, 9"t%+& #&) i" &)st& i"#$%!&'ii )+ 2&($&% &=+3&t=, )&% )$!9(t&?= 3%&+( )+"$&*t% &#"$!"($% *i 9%$)s($%.

• O9%&'iio A))s&%o T%&"s#$%!&% 8M&"i9+(&%:

• T0"$($3io Li!& 9%$3%&!&%o SL

Fun+*ia d( +o)uni+ar(

• O9%&'iio T%&"s!isi+"

• T0"$($3io R'(o I"t%&"t 8LAN, AN, MAN:o I"t%"t 8I"t%)$")t Nt4$%s:o I"#%&st%+)t+%= t%&"s!isi 8(i"ii t(#$"i), &"t", s&t(it, #i%= $9ti)=:

1.4. Clasificarea sistemelor informaţionale şi informatice

Sist!( i"#$%!&'i$"&( s&+ i"#$%!&ti) 9$t #i )(&si#i)&t &st#(

• Du/ &+oul ur)/ri'0 o &+t$!&ti?&%& &)ti2it='i($% %+ti"=Jo i"#$%!&%& )$"+)%iiJ


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o s9%ii"i%& 9%$)s($% )$!+"i)&%Jo s9%ii"i%& 9%$)s+(+i )i?i$"&(Jo s9%ii"i%& 3%+9+%i($% (+)%+.

•

1n fun+*i( d( nu)/rul (r&oan(lor +ar( u'ili2(a2/ &i&'()ul0 o sist! i"#$%!&ti) i"i2i+&(Jo sist! i"#$%!&ti) 3%+9Jo sist! i"#$%!&ti) $%3&"i?&'i$"&(Jo sist! i"#$%!&ti) i"t%$%3&"i?&'i$"&(Jo sist! i"#$%!&ti) i"t%"&'i$"&(.

• Du/ )odul d( r(lu+rar( a da'(lor0o sist! 9%(+)%&% !&"+&(=Jo sist! 9%(+)%&% !)&"$3%i)=Jo sist! 9%(+)%&% &+t$!&t=K()t%$"i)=Jo sist! 9%(+)%&% !it=.


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!. CONTABILITATEA ŞI TE3NOLOGIA INFORMA$IEI ŞICOMUNIC4RII


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5. REALIZAREA ŞI IMPLEMENTAREA SISTEMELOR INFORMATICEDE GESTIUNE

Ci+lul d( via*/ al d(2vol'/rii &i&'()(lor infor)a*ional( (+ono)i+(

Î" ?2$(t&%& sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( )( !&i i!9$%t&"t 9%s$&" s+"t analiştii desistem *i utilizatorii sistemului.

A"&(i*tii sist! s+"t i!9(i)&'i >" )( !&i i!9$%t&"t #&? &( ?2$(t=%ii sist!+(+i, %?+(t&t+( &)ti2it='ii ($% 9i"?" >"t%3 9%$i)t+( sist!+(+i. Ei s+"t )i )&% s)$!9+",&"&(i?&?= *i $)+!"t&?= )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($% *i st%+)t+%& i"#$%!&'i$"&(= & sist!+(+i8#(++%i *i )i%)+it i"#$%!&'i$"&(:, &st#( >")t 9%$i)t+( i!9(!"t&%, %&(i?&% s&+&)t+&(i?&% & sist!+(+i s=5*i &ti"3= t$&t $i)ti2(. D &s!"&, &"&(i*tii s+"t i"t%!i&%iii"t% +ti(i?&t$%i *i 9%$3%&!&t$%i.

Uti(i?&t$%ii s+"t i!9$%t&"'i 9%i" "&t+%& ($% "#i)i&%i #i"&(i &i sist!+(+i. O%i)9%$i)t i!9(!"t&%, %&(i?&% s&+ &)t+&(i?&% & sist!+(+i t%+i s= >"t%+"&s)= )%i"'(+ti(i?&t$%i($%. Ast#(, +ti(i?&t$%ii t%+i s=5*i 9+"= #$&%t )(&% )%i"'( &"&(i*ti($% sist! *is= tst? (& s#%*it, &)= 9%$i)t+( #i"&( &)$9%= )%i"'( s9)i#i)&t.

I!9(i)&%& %s+%s($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( *i & 9%s$"&(+(+i )$%s9+"?=t$% 9"t%+?2$(t&%& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( s %&(i??= >" )&%+( +"+i )i)(+ 2i&'= &( &)st+i&.

Ciclul de viaţă al dezvoltării sistemelor informaţionale economice S!stems

"evelo#ment $ife C!cle % S"$C& , reprezintă un ansamblu de faze destinate identificării, analizei, proiectării, implementării şi întreţinerii sistemelor informaţionale#

F&?( )i)(+(+i 2i&'& 9"t%+ sist!( i"#$%!&'i$"&( )$"$!i) 8#i3+%& .1: s+"t

1. I"ti#i)&%& *i s()'i& 9%$i)t($%.. P(&"i#i)&%& *i i"i'i%& 9%$i)t($%.-. A"&(i?& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( ist"t.. P%$i)t&%& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(.;. I!9(!"t&%& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(.


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Fi3. .1. Ci)(+( 2i&'= &( ?2$(t=%ii sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&(

1. Id(n'ifi+ar(a 6i &(l(+*ia roi(+'(lor7 9%s+9+" $ &"&(i?= 9%(i!i"&%= )&% &% )&%?+(t&t st&i(i%& 9%$i)t($% ) 2$% #i ?2$(t&t. I"ti#i)&%& 9$&t #i %?+(t&t+(9%$9%i+ >"t%9%i"%ii s&+ %?+(t&t+( %)$!&"=%i($% )$"s+(t&"'i t%". P%$i)t(i"ti#i)&t 9$t #i

&. i!9(!"t&%& +"+i "$+ sist!J

. &)t+&(i?&%& *i !$i#i)&%& sist!+(+i ist"tJ). t%"&(i?&%& sist!+(+i.

Î"t%&%& s9)i#i)= &)sti #&? stCe tre'uie făcut #entru (m'unătăţirea sistemului informaţional e)istent *

. Planifi+ar(a 6i ini*i(r(a roi(+'(lor7 s %&(i?&?= )+ &+t$%+( t0"i)i($% !&"&3!"t &( 9%$i)t($%. Î" &)&st= #&?= s+"t st&i(it #+")'i+"i( i!9(i)&t >"?2$(t&%& sist!+(+i, %s+%s( +!&" *i !&t%i&( ")s&% 9"t%+ %&(i?&%& *ii!9(!"t&%& 9%$i)t+(+i. St&i(i%& ")s&%+(+i %s+%s s %&(i?&?= 9%i"t%5$analiză a fezabilităţii ?2$(t=%ii sist!+(+i.

Î"t%=%i( s9)i#i) &)sti #&? s+"t

Care sunt funcţiunile im#licate+ resursele necesare şi modul de alocare alacestora #entru dezvoltarea sistemului *

Care este soluţia cea mai eficientă #entru dezvoltarea sistemuluiinformaţional *

Identificarea şi selecţia

proiectelor

Planificarea şi iniţierea

proiectelor

Analiza

sistemului

Proiectarea

sistemului

Implementarea

sistemului

Mentenanţa

sistemului


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-. Anali2a &i&'()ului infor)a*ional (8i&'(n' 9%s+9+" i"ti#i)&%&, &"&(i?& *i$)+!"t&%& )%i"'($% "$+(+i sist!. R?+(t&t( &"&(i?i %9%?i"t= !$(+( ($3i) &(sist!+(+i 8s9)i#i)&'ii( sist!+(+i: >" )$"#$%!it&t )+ )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($% *i2&%i&"t( )( !&i +" 9"t%+ 9%$i)t&%& *i i!9(!"t&%& &)st+i !$(.

Î"t%=%i( s9)i#i) &)sti #&? s+"t

Care sunt cerinţele utilizatorilor s#ecificaţiile& #entru dezvoltarea sistemului *

Care sunt cele mai eficiente şi eficace variante #entru (nde#linirea cerinţelor

noului sistem *

. Proi(+'ar(a &i&'()ului7 9%s+9+"&. 9%$i)t&% & i*i%i($% sist!+(+i 8%&9$&%t, (ist s&+ #i*i%: >" )$"#$%!it&t )+

)%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($%, (3is(&'ii *i 9%$)+%i($% i" sist!J. 9%$i)t&%& i"t%=%i($% sist!+(+i 8$)+!"t 9%i!&%, i"#$%!&'ii t%" #i%!i,#i*i%: 9"t%+ 9%(+)%&%& ($% *i $'i"%& i*i%i($%J

). 9%$i)t&%& st%+)t+%ii 8s)0!i: &?i &tJ. 9%$i)t&%& i"t%#'i )+ +ti(i?&t$%+(J. 9%$i)t&%& !$+(($% *i 9%$3%&!($%J#. 9%$i)t&%& s)+%it='ii sist!+(+iJ3. 9%$i)t&%& !&"+&(($% %&(i?&% *i +ti(i?&% & sist!+(+i 9%)+! *i &

9%$)+%i($% (+)%+ i" sist!.

Î"t%=%i( s9)i#i) &)sti #&? s+"t

Care este structura ieşirilor+ intrărilor+ 'azei de date şi a modulelor noului sistem im#us de cerinţele utilizatorilor *

Care este cea mai 'ună variantă de securizare a noului sistem *

Care sunt resursele ,ard-are şi soft-are #entru a susţine im#lementarea #roiectului #entru noul sistem *

Care sunt funcţiunile şi #ersoanele im#licate (n utilizarea sistemului şi cumvor utiliza noul sistem *

;. I)l()(n'ar(a &i&'()ului )$"st= >" &. &)0i?i'i& sist!+(+iJ. i!9(!"t&%& 9%$i)t+(+i >"t%5+" (i!& 9%$3%&!&%KSGBDJ). )$"2%si& 2)0i+(+i sist! >" "$+( sist! 8i!9$%t+( &t($% i" 2)0i+( sist!:J. tst&%& #+")'i$"=%ii sist!+(+i 8 %3+(= >" 9&%&(( )+ 2)0i+( sist!:J. i"st%+i%& +ti(i?&t$%i($%J#. &)t+&(i?&%& $)+!"t&'ii 8!&"+&(( +ti(i?&%:.


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Î"t%=%i( s9)i#i) &)sti #&? s+"t

Care este sistemul cel mai 'un ce #oate fi ac,iziţionat de #e #iaţă şi care să

(ntrunească o'iectivele #roiectului *Cum funcţionează noul sistem faţă de vec,iul sistem şi care sunt #ro'lemele

de funcţionare şi utilizare *

Ce tre'uie să ştie utilizatorii #entru a utiliza ct mai eficace noul sistem *

!+"=t='i%& sist!+(+ii!9(!"t&t.

Î"t%=%i( s9)i#i) &)sti #&? s+"t

Care sunt erorile a#ărute du#ă im#lementare şi cum tre'uie corectate *

Care sunt ultimele actualizări ale sistemului şi cum #ot fi ele im#lementate *

Uti(i?&t$%ii, &"&(i*tii *i 9%$3%&!&t$%ii #ii" %s+%s( )( !&i i!9$%t&"t >" ?2$(t&%&sist!($%, i!9(i)&%& &)st$%& >" )&%+( #&?($% )i)(+(+i 2i&'= &( ?2$(t=%ii sist!($%i"#$%!&'i$"&( )$"$!i), 9$&t #i si"tti?&t= >" t&(+( .1.

T&(+( .1. I!9(i)&%& +ti(i?&t$%i($% >" )i)(+( 2i&'= &( ?2$(t=%ii sist!+(+i

Fa2( SDLC I)li+ar(u'ili2a'ori

I)li+ar(anali6'i

I)li+ar(ro-ra)a'ori

#. Id(n'ifi+ar(a 6i &(l(+*ia roi(+'(lor Mi M&% I"ist"t=

!. Planifi+ar(a 6i ini*i(r(a roi(+'(lor5 I"ti#i)&%& *i #i"i%& #+")'i+"i($%

*i %s+%s($% i!9(i)&tM&% M&% I"ist"t=

5 A"&(i?& #?&i(it='ii Mi)= M&% I"ist"t=

5. Anali2a &i&'()ului infor)a*ional5 A"&(i?& *i $)+!"t&%& )%i"'($%

sist!+(+iF$&%t !&% F$&%t !&% I"ist"t=

5 S)%i%& s9)i#i)&'ii($% 8!$(+(+i($3i):

Mi)= F$&%t !&% I"ist"t=

5 I"ti#i)&%& *i &"&(i?& 2&%i&"t($% 9%$i)t&%

Mi)= F$&%t !&% I"ist"t=

9. Proi(+'ar(a &i&'()ului infor)a*ional

5 P%$i)t&%& i*i%i($% *i i"t%=%i($% M&% M&% I"ist"t=5 P%$i)t&%& &?i &t I"ist"t= M&% Mi)=5 P%$i)t&%& !$+(($% *i 9%$3%&!($% I"ist"t= M&% Mi5 P%$i)t&%& 9%$)+%i($% (+)%+ M&% M&% I"ist"t=

:. I)l()(n'ar(a &i&'()ului5 A)0i?i'i& sist!+(+i I"ist"t= M&% I"ist"t=5 I!9(!"t&%& >"t%5+" (i!&

9%$3%&!&%I"ist"t= I"ist"t= F$&%t !&%


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5 C$"2%si& &t($% i" 2)0i+( sist! Mi)= Mi M&%5 Tst&%& sist!+(+i *i #i"&(i?&%&

$)+!"t&'iiM&% Mi Mi)=

5 I"st%+i%& +ti(i?&t$%i($% F$&%t !&% M&% I"ist"t=

;. M(n'(nan*a &i&'()ului V&%i&i(= M&% V&%i&i(=


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/nterviul este o tenică de investigare a unui sistem, în general, şi a sistemuluiinformaţional eistent, în particular, prin care se realizează culegerea informaţiilor despresistemul respectiv, prin discuţii individuale dintre analist şi persoanele implicate direct înactivităţile domeniului ce face obiectul studiului#

A"&(i*tii #$($ss) i"t%2i+( 9"t%+ & s$(i)it& %=s9+"s+%i si")%, )$!9(t *i )$%)t (&i"t%2i2&t )&% 'i" !&i !+(t i"#$%!&'ii )t i >"*i*i s9% $ &"+!it= t!=.

Î" +ti(i?&%& i"t%2i+(+i 9$t #i s!"&(&t $ s%i &2&"t&, &% *i +"(?&2&"t& &st#(

• )& avanta'e 9$t #i "+!%&t5 )$"t&)t+( i%)t )+ 9%s$&"( ) &)ti2&?= >" sist!+( ) #&) $i)t+( st+i+(+iJ5 $'i"%& i"#$%!&'ii s9)i#i) (& #i)&% >"t%&% 9+s= &"&(ist 9%i2i"

&)ti2it='i( ) s s#=*$&%= >" )&%+( sist!+(+i &"&(i?&tJ

5 $s%2&%& )$!9&%ti!"t($% i"t%2i2&t >" ti!9+( )$"2$%i%ii, #&9t ) s9$%*t)&"tit&t& *i )&(it&t& i"#$%!&'ii($% $'i"+tJ5 )$()t&%& +"$% %=s9+"s+%i s9$"t&", *ti+t #ii" #&9t+( )= 9%i!( %&)'ii s+"t !&i

s!"i#i)&ti2 )t )( %(i?&t s+ +" )$"t%$( i!9+sJ5 $'i"%& +"$% %=s9+"s+%i, 9=%%i 9%s$"&(, 9%i2i" &)ti2it&t& s#=*+%&t= >"

sist!J5 i"ti#i)&%& s)0i!+%i($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( i"t% i"t%2i2&t *i %st+( 9%s$"&(+(+i

i" sist!.

• )& dezavanta'e *i (i!it i"t%i"s)i 9$t #i i"ti#i)&t5 ti!9 >"(+"3&t 9"t%+ %&(i?&%& i"t%2i+(+i 8s()t&%& i"t%2i2&'i($%, $'i"%&

&)$%+(+i 9"t%+ i"t%2i+, s#=*+%&%& i"t%2i+(+i, 2"t+&(( %(+=%i & &)st+i&

t):J5 i!9(i)= >" &)ti2it&t +" )$()ti2 !&% &"&(i?=J5 "&si3+%&%& &"$"i!&t+(+i i"t%2i2&'i($%J5 (i9s& st&"&%i?&% >" #$%!+(&%& >"t%=%i($%, )& ) (i!it&?= )$!9&%&i(it&t&

i"#$%!&'ii($%J5 +"( i#i)+(t='i >" &))s+( (& 9%s$&"( )+9%i"s >" *&"ti$"+( i"t%2i2&'i.

+copul i"t%2i+(+i st & $'i" $ s)%i%& i"#$%!&'i$"&(= & !$+(+i %&(i?&% &&)ti2it='i($% s#=*+%&t >" $!"i+( ) #&) $i)t+( st+i+(+i8&tt (& "i2(+( $9%&'i$"&(, )t *i(& )( )i?i$"&(:.

Fa2(l( d(&f/6ur/rii in'(rviului

A. Planifi+ar(a in'(rviului

D %3+(=, %s9$"s&i(+( 9%$i)t+(+i &% $(i3&'i& & &"+"'& )$"+)%& +"it='ii"#i)i&%= i"t"'i& & i"t%2i2& +" "+!=% 9%s$&", &tt )+'i, )t *i )i?i.


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Î" &)&st= #&?= s 2$% 9%$)+%& i"#$%!&'ii %#%it$&% (& 9%s$"&(+( +"it='ii "#i)i&%i" )&% 2$% #i s()t&'i 2iit$%i i"t%2i2&'i.

P%3=ti%& i"t%2i+(+i s #&) #i)&% &"&(ist >" 9&%t *i )$"st= >"

• >"s+*i%& t0"i)ii i"t%2i+(+iJ• )+"$&*t%&, (& +" "i2( 3"%&( & &)ti2it='ii ) #&) $i)t+( st+i+(+i 9%i"

st+i%& &)t($% "$%!&ti2 ) %3(!"t&?= &)ti2it&t& %s9)ti2=, 9%i"st+i%& i" 9+")t 2% t$%ti) & 9%$(!i %s9)ti2, s&+ & +"+i9%$i)t & %&(i?&t *i i!9(!"t&tJ

• st&i(i%& $%i"t&ti2= & +"i (ist >"t%=%i 9%ti""t, +*$% i"t%9%t&t *i %=s9+"s, )&% s= 9%!it= &"&(ist+(+i s= "+ $!it= s=i"2sti30? &"+!it 9%$(! 8#=%= 9%t"'i& & st&i(i +" 9(&" %i3+%$s& i"t%2i+(+i, $&%) %3+(= &"&(ist+( )$"t%+i*t >"t%=%i( )0i&% >"ti!9+( s#=*+%=%ii i"t%2i+(+i:J

• >" )& ) 9%i2*t &(3%& !$!"t+(+i i"t%2i+(+i &"&(ist+( t%+i s=2it &"+!it 9i$& "9%i("i) s#=*+%=%ii )+ s+))s &i"t%$3&t$%ii($% )+! &% #i

o 9%i$&( 2%# i" &)ti2it&tJo 9%i!& $%= i" 9%$3%&!+( (+)%+Jo >" &9%$9i%& 9&+?i !&s=Jo i!i&t +9= 9&+?& !&s=Jo &9%$9i%& s#%*it+(+i 9%$3%&!+(+iJo )" i"t%2i2&t+( "+ st 9%3=tit 9si0$($3i) t).

• s %)$!&"= )& i"t%2i+( s= "+ +%? !&i !+(t 5- $%J• s %)$!&"= )& i"t%2i+( s= #i (+&t (& ($)+( !+")= & i"t%2i2&t+(+i,

$&%)o $9%&t$%ii 9$t 9+" (& is9$?i'i& &"&(ist+(+i $)+!"t( 9 )&% (

+ti(i??=Jo %is)+( & s)=9& +"( &s)9)t st !&i !i)Jo s 9$t )$"s+(t& )$(&$%&t$%ii 9"t%+ (+)i&%& +"$% &s9)t.

B. D(&f/6urar(a in'(rviului

Ds#=*+%&%& i"t%2i+(+i )+9%i" $ s+))si+" !$!"t >")9+t+( i"t%2i+(+i,9+"%& >"t%=%i($% *i >"%3ist%&%& %=s9+"s+%i($%, )$"+)%& i"t%2i+(+i, >"%3ist%&%&i"t%2i+(+i *i >")0i%& i"t%2i+(+i.

B.#. 1n+(u'ul in'(rviului

Î" &)&st= #&?= &"&(ist+( trebuie• s= 9(i) s)$9+( *i $i)ti2( i"t%2i+(+iJ• s= 9%?i"t !$+( >" )&% & &9=%+t 9%$(!& is)+t&t= >" i"t%2i+J• s= s)%i !t$& 9%i" )&% %s9)ti2& 9%s$&"= & #$st s()'i$"&t=

9"t%+ i"t%2i+J


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B.5. Condu+(r(a in'(rviului

P%i")i9&(( &s9)t 9 )&% &"&(ist+( t%+i s= ( &i= 9%!&""t >" 2% )")$"+) +" i"t%2i+ s+"t

• >"&i"t )$"+)%& i"t%2i+(+i &"&(ist+( t%+i s= 2%i#i) #+")'i& i"t%2i2&t+(+i9"t%+ & )$"st&t& &)= &)*ti& &+ )+"$*ti"'( ")s&% +"$% %=s9+"s+%i &)2&t *i

&)= s+"t &i(it&'i s= & %=s9+"s+%i( )$%)tJ• (& >")9+t+( i"t%2i+(+i &"&(ist+( t%+i s= %9t s)$9+( &)st+i& 9"t%+ & #i

)$"#i%!&t i"t%2i2&t )= st i"t%2i+( 9 )&% (5&+ st&i(it. I"t%2i2&'ii 9$t &2& &s!"& )t2& >"t%=%i %#%it$&% (& $i)ti2( i"t%2i+(+iJ

• >" &)st ti!9 st #$&%t i!9$%t&"t )& &"&(ist+( s= st&i(&s)= %&9$%t+( )+i"t%2i2&t+( )&% t%+i s= #i +"+( #&2$%&i( 9%i" )&% s= s 2it &9&%i'i& t"si+"i, )$"#+?ii *i $sti(it='i >" s#=*+%&%& i"t%2i+(+i.

B.9. 1nr(-i&'rar(a in'(rviului

P"t%+ & #&)i(it& %&!i"ti%& )$"'i"+t+(+i i"t%2i+(+i &"&(ist+( %&(i?&?= >"%3ist%=%i #i>" s)%is, #i 9 s+9$%'i !&3"ti)i )+ )&st$#$"+(, !&3"t$#$"+(, %9$%t$#$"+(, t). Î"%3ist%=%i(!&3"ti) 9%?i"t= &2&"t&+( )= >( s)+t*t 9 &"&(ist & "$t& *i &st#( &)st& s 9$&t)$")"t%& !&i i" &s+9%& i"t%2i+(+i. P &(t= 9&%t >"s=, >"%3ist%=%i( !&3"ti) &s& >i&3it= 9 i"t%2i2&'i )&% s si!t i"ti!i&'i *i >*i 9+" 9%$(! s)%t *i >")%% )" s+"t>"%3ist%&'i.

Î"%3ist%" >" s)%is &"&(ist+( &% 9$sii(it&t& & )$"s!"& "+!&i %=s9+"s+%i(i!9$%t&"t $#%it i"t%2i2&t *i s= (i!i" %=s9+"s+%i( )$(&t%&( )&% "+ &+ (3=t+%= )+$i)ti2( i"t%2i+(+i. I"t%2i2&t+( t%+i s= &i= %9t+( s= 2&= "$ti'( (+&t >" ti!9+(i"t%2i+(+i 9"t%+ & &9%)i& &)+%&t'& &)st$%&.

B.:. 1n+=(i(r(a in'(rviului

Î")0i%& i"t%2i+(+i st $ &)ti2it&t& #$&%t i!9$%t&"t=, $&%) >" #+")'i #$%!+(& s&+ &)'i+"i( >")0i% & +"+i i"t%2i+ 9i" )((&(t &)'i+"i s&+ i"t%2i+%i")s&%. S %)$!&"= )& >")0i%& i"t%2i+(+i s= #i &!i&i(= *i %(&&"t= #=%= s= %=!"=st=%i t"si$"&t s&+ )$"#(i)t+&(.

9.#.!. T(=ni+a +=(&'ionarului

C0sti$"&%+( )$"stit+i +"& i" !t$( &?= >" i"2sti3&%& #"$!"($% s$)i&(.

C,estionarul reprezintă un instrument de investigare compus dintr!un număr deîntrebări scrise, relevate logic, la care cestionaţii răspund în legătură cu opiniile, preferinţele,sentimentele, interesele şi comportamentele lor în anumite circumstanţe#


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S9% $si% i"t%2i+, )0sti$"&%( s+"t !&i 9+'i" )$stisit$&% *i 9$t $#%ii +"2$(+! !&% i"#$%!&'ii ")s&% &"&(i?i sist!+(+i.

Proi(+'ar(a 6i ad)ini&'rar(a +=(&'ionar(lor

a5

+tabilirea clară a scopului investigaţiei

Î" &)&st= #&?= s st&i(s) i"#$%!&'ii( ) t%+i $'i"+t >" +%!& i"2sti3=%iisist!+(+i ist"t )+ &+t$%+( )0sti$"&%+(+i.

b5

+tabilirea bazei de aşantionare

A)st& )+9%i" 9%s$&"( i!9(i)&t >" &)ti2it&t& ) #&) $i)t+( st+i+(+i, &%&(t 9%s$&", &tt )+'i, )t *i )$"+)%, )&% &+ t&"3"'= )+ &)&st=&)ti2it&t. Est %)$!&"&i( )& &)st 9%s$&" s= &i= )+(t+%& )$"$!i)=")s&%= &% *i is9$"ii(it&t& & )$"t%i+i (& 9%#)'i$"&%& sist!+(+i ist"t.

): +electarea din bază a unui eşantion reprezentativ )+ &+t$%+( +"$% 9%$) s()'i.

d5 &ormularea întrebărilor#

Cerinţele )&% &"&(ist+( t%+i s= 'i"= s&!& >" #$%!+(&%& >"t%=%i($%,s+"t

• #i)&% >"t%&% i"t%$+s= >" )0sti$"&% s= #i ")s&%= *i $9$%t+"=J• #i)&% >"t%&% s= s %#% (& $ si"3+%= 9%$(!=J

• #i)&% >"t%&% s= #i 2&(&i(= 9"t%+ t$'i )0sti$"&'iiJ• #$($si%& )+2i"t($% "$%!&( *i 2it&%& &%3$+(+iJ• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% &!i3+J• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% )&% t%!i"= %=s9+"s+(J• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% 9%?+!ti2J• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% i9$tti)J• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% "&"t s&+ &!"i"'=t$&%J• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% )&% i!9(i)= %2"i%i ti"s >" t%)+tJ• 2it&%& >"t%=%i($% s9% )&% )i )&% %=s9+" &+ )+"$*ti"'

9+'i" s&+ )0i&% ($) t).

e5 6legerea formei şi structurii cestionaruluiC0sti$"&%+( &% t%+i s= &9&%= &%isit >"t%=%i( *i i#%it( s)'i+"i &% t%+i

s9&%&t 9%i" s9&'ii &)2&t.St%+)t+%& )0sti$"&%+(+i t%+i &st#( )$")9+t= >")t 9%s$"&(+( )0sti$"&t s=

>"'(&3= !$+( >" )&% t%+i 9(&s&t %=s9+"s+( 9"t%+ & #i 2&(i&t )$%)t.

Î" )0sti$"&% >"t%=%i( 2$% #i 3%+9&t 9 9%$(! *i i!9$%t&"'= >"t%5$ &"+!it=$%i"


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• >"t%=%i( (& >")9+t+( )0sti$"&%+(+i s+"t si!9(, i"t%s&"t *i9%s+9+" +" 3%& s)=?+t s$(i)it&% i" 9&%t& )($% )0sti$"&'iJ

• +9= >"t%=%i( i"t%$+)ti2 s+"t #$%!+(&t >"t%=%i( )+ )&%&)t%3"%&( *i &9$i )( s9)i#i) &)ti2it='ii &"&(i?&tJ

• >"t%=%i( !&i i#%it, )&% ")sit= %2"i%i s+st&"'i&( s&+ s+"t)$"t%$2%s&t s 9(&s&?= (& !i($)+( *i s#%*it+( )0sti$"&%+(+iJ

• >"t%=%i( t%)% &+ %$(+( & !&%)& &9&%i'i& +"+i "$+ 3%+9 >"t%=%i %#%it$&% (& &(t &s9)t &( &)ti2it='ii &"&(i?&t *i & 9%3=ti%=s9+"s+%i( (& &)st >"t%=%iJ

• 9"t%+ >"t%=%i( #i(t%+ s 9$&t )$"st%+i $ s)0!= ($3i)= 9"t%+%+(&%& >"t%=%i($% 8)$"ti"+&%& s)2"'i&(= s&+ s&(t+( (& $ &"+!it=>"t%&%:J

• >"t%=%i( )$"t%$( &+ %$(+( & 2%i#i)& )$"s)2"'& >" 9%i!&%&+"i $9i"ii )=t% )0sti$"&'i, &% *i s%i$?it&t& !&"i#st&t= &)*ti&>" )$!9(t&%& )0sti$"&%+(+ t).

f5 *tilizarea efectivă a cestionarelor

D %3+(=, )0sti$"&%( s+"t >"t$)!it 9 0%ti 8#$i 2$(&"t s&+ %$*+%i:, &%( 9$t #i #)t+&t *i >" !$ i%)t 89%i" t(#$": s&+ 9 +" 9+%t=t$% t0"i) i"#$%!&'ii 8is)0t:, s&+ 9%i" #&)i(it&t& $#%it= t0"$($3ii( i"#$%!&'i$"&( 85!&i(:.

C0sti$"&%( 9%i" 5!&i( s+"t #$($sit &t+")i )" &"&(ist+( t%+i s= $'i"=i"#$%!&'ii i" ?$" 3$3%i) is9%s&t. E( %9%?i"t= $ !$&(it&t i#ti"= )$()t&% & &t($%.

A"&(i*ti 9$t )$!9(t& )0sti$"&%( i >"*i*i >" ti!9+( +"+i i"t%2i+ s&+ 9$t2&(+& &)ti2it='i( s#=*+%&t >" )&%+( sist!+(+i.

g5 6naliza datelor din cestionare

Î" &)&st= #&?= s 9%(+)%&?= &t( )$()t&t )+ &+t$%+( )0sti$"&%($%, s 2$%i"t%9%t& %?+(t&t( $'i"+t *i s 2& %&)t& %&9$%t+( &"&(i?=. Î" &)st s)$9 s2$% )$i#i)& %=s9+"s+%i(, s 2$% )&()+(& &"+!i'i i"i)&t$%i 8!=%i!i !ii, &&t%i,i"i)i i"&!i)=, %it!+%i )%*t%, t):, &% &)st s)$9 2& #i &ti"s *i 9%i" st+i%&#i)=%+i %=s9+"s >" 9&%t. P &?& 9%(+)%=%i($% st&tisti) & %=s9+"s+%i($% 9%i!it *i &s!"i#i)&'ii i"i)&t$%i($% t%!i"&'i, s 2& >"t$)!i raportul de analiză.

D %3+(= &)st& 2& )+9%i" $ i"t%$+)% >" 9%$(!& st+i&t=, $ 9%?"t&% &9%$(!i )0sti$"&t, & i"i)&t$%i($% )&()+(&'i *i i"t%9%t&%& &)st$%&.

Avan'a?(l( )0sti$"&%($%, >" &)ti2it&t& &"&(i?&t=, 9$t #i• >"t%=%i( s 9$t #$%!+(& 9 #(++( ($3i) &( #&9t($%J• "+!=%+( !&% &( )($% )0sti$"&'iJ• %=s9+"s+%i( #ii" &t >"t%5+" &"+!it t%!", &")0t&t$%+( &% 9$sii(it&t&

+"i $)+!"t=%i *i +"i 9%i!=%i !+(t !&i )(&% *i 9%)isJ• %=s9+"s+%i( 9%s$"&( &")0t&t "+ !&i 9$&%t= &!9%"t&Q &"&(ist+(+i )& >"

)&?+( i"t%2i+(+i t).

Li)i'(l( )0sti$"&%+(+i )& t0"i)= &"&(i?=, 9$t #i


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Si!$(+%i( #($4)0&%t5+(+i, )+ t$&t )= s+"t st&"&%i?&t, i#%= >" #+")'i #i)&%st&"&%i?&%. E2$(+'i& sist!($% i"#$%!&ti) & )$"+s (& i2%si#i)&%& si!$(+%i($% +ti(i?&t>" #($4)0&%t5+%i( sist!, &st#( >")t +"( $%3&"i?&'ii *i )$!9&"ii &+ 9%$9%ii( si!$(+%i *i9%$)+%i %9%?"t&%.

Î" 9%?"t 9"t%+ (&$%&%& #($4)0&%t5+%i($% s +ti(i?&?= i"st%+!"t i"#$%!&ti)s9)i&(i?&t. C( !&i +ti(i?&t s+"t MS VISIO, SMARTDRA, EDRA FLOCHART,

PATTONPATTON FLO CHARTING *i MS ORD. A)st i"st%+!"t >*i 9+" *i ( &!9%"t&&s+9%& si!$(+%i($% *i ti9+%i($% #($4)0&%t5+%i, #i)&% 9%s$"&(i?" 9%$)s+( (&$%&% &#($4)0&%t5+(+i.

C+ t$&t= i2%sit&t& si!$(+%i *i ti9+%i #($4)0&%t5+%i, >" 9%&)ti)=, )( !&i+ti(i?&t si!$(+%i 9"t%+ (&$%&%& #($4)0&%t5+%i($% sist!, s+"t

Si)>ol D(&+ri(r( E8()lu

Pro+(& %9%?i"t= +" 9%$)s,&)ti2it&t s&+ $9%&'i i" sist!.

D('(r)inan' &au d(+lan6a'or %9%?i"t= +" 2"i!"t )&%3"%&?= )+'i& +"+i &"+!it9%$)s. M&i st "+!it *i 9%$)s&(t%"&ti2 s&+ s)2"'i&(.

D(+i2i( %9%?i"t= +" 9+")t )i?i )&% 9$&t &2& $+=&(t%"&ti2. D %3+(= )$"'i" $>"t%&%.

Da'( d( in'rar(i(6ir( %9%?i"t=&t( )&% i"t%= s&+ )&% is i"t%5+" 9%$)s. D %3+(= &)st &t s+"t)!9+%i( +"i &? &t s+2&%i&i( i" sist!.

Pro+(& r(d(fini' %9%?i"t= +"9%$)s )$!9( s)%is >"t%5+"#($4)0&%t s9&%&t. C+ &+t$%+(&)st+i si!$( s %9%?i"t=, %3+(=, 9%$)+%i( 8s+%+ti"(:,)(+si2, i"#$%!&ti?&t.

Recepţ ie

Operarerecepţ ie

Comandă de lafurnizor

Vânzareen-gross?

Cod bară,CUI


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Do+u)(n' %9%?i"t= +"$)+!"t i" sist! 8$)+!"t9%i!&%, %&9$%t s&+ (ist:.

Mul'ido+u)(n' %9%?i"t= #i +"$)+!"t >" !&i !+(t !9(&%#i !&i !+(t $)+!"t )&% )i%)+(=>!9%+"=.

S'ar' Sfr6i' %9%?i"t= &)'i+"&)&% t%!i"= >")9+t+( s&+s#%*it+( 9%$)s($% i" #($4)0&%t

In'rodu+(r( )anual/ %9%?i"t=$ i"t%$+)% !&"+&(= & &t($% i"sist!+( &"&(i?&t.

O(ra*i( )anual/ %9%?i"t= $9%$)+%=K$9%&'i !&"+&(= i"sist!.

Con(+'or %9%?i"t= +" )$")t$%&( )i%)+it($% i" #($4)0&%t, &t+")i)" &)st& s %9%?i"t= 9 !&i!+(t 9&3i"i. D %3+(= #i)&%)$")t$% s "+!%$t&?= (& 1 ... ".

Da'( &'o+a'( ar=iva'( %9%?i"t= +" st &t )&% s+"tst$)&t *i &%0i2&t.

Di& )a-n('i+ %9%?i"t= st$)&%&&t($% 9 +" is) !&3"ti) 80&%is, #($99 is, !!$% sti),CDKDVD t).:. D %3+(= 9%i" &)stsi!$( s %9%?i"t= &?& &t8t&((:.

Lansareproducţ ie

Factura

- Factură - NRCD

Datefurnizor

CompletareNRCD

Contracteclienţ i

Fişa demagazie


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Ssi+"i( 7AD s s#=*$&%= >" ($)+%i i#%it )( +" (+)%&?= 9%s$"&(+( &"t%"&t>" (. S)$9+( st &5i 'i" 9&%t 3%ii( ($)+(+i !+")= *i &5i #$($si i"t"s >"*i"'( (+)%+. E( 9$t +%& (& 9&t%+ $% (& $ s=9t=!"=. U"$%i s 9$t %9t& )t2&$%i. C$st+( st !ii $(&%i.

Ssi+"i( 7AD s 'i", %3+(=, >" s=(i s9)i&( s+ #$%!= 9$t)$&2=, >")=9%i( s)0i9&?= )+ t&( &( !&3"ti)J >" #+")'i 9$sii(it='i s5&% %)$!&"& +"& ()t%$"i)=,$#%i" 9$sii(it&t& s)&"=%ii *i ti9=%i%ii (& i!9%i!&"t= & )& ) st s)%is 9 t&(=. M&i "$+,ist= t&( !&3"ti) )&% 9$t #i s&(2&t )& #i*i% >" )&()+(&t$%. S #&) 2"t+&( )$%)'ii 9t&(= *i #i*i%+( s s&(2&?= i" "$+. I!&3i"& 9$&t #i %&+s= 9 t&(= s+ i2%s #$%!, )&) >"s&!"= 9%(+&%& #+")'ii($% #(i95)0&%t+(+i 8)$(i !&%i 2$(&"t 9(&s&t 9 +" t%9i s9)i&(:.

P$t #i #$($sit, &s!"&, i2%s !i($&) &+i$52i$. F(i95)0&%t+( $&)= +" %$( s"'i&(,9"t%+ )= #$i( 2$(&"t, +9= ) s+"t s)%is, s (i9s) 9 9%'ii s=(ii 9"t%+ & !"'i" >" )!9+(2i?+&( &( 9&%ti)i9&"'i($% 9%$(!&ti)& is)+t&t=, )+ 9$sii(it&t& %2"i%ii (& $%i) (!"t)$"s!"&t >" $%i)&% i" ?i(( ssi+"ii 7AD. I" 9(+s, 9 ( s 9$t #&) &"$t=%i, i"i#%"t !$!"t.

C&()+(&t$%+(, >" &)&st= ssi+", st #$($sit 9"t%+ 9%3=ti%& !&t%i&(($% *i 9"t%+!!$%&%& +"$% i&3%&! !is >" ti!9+( ssi+"ii. 7AD "+ &9(&?= &3%&t !+(t (&)&()+(&t$&%.

C" ssi+"& 7AD st >")0i&t=, %?+(t&t+( #i"&( >"s&!"= +" st $)+!"t

%#%it$&% (& &)ti2it='i( i" sist!+( )+%"t )&% &+ (3=t+%= )+ st+i+( "$+(+i sist!. A"&(i*tii2$% $'i" $ "$+= i!&3i" &s+9%& & )& ) s i"t"'i$"&?= & s %&(i?& *i & )& ) ist= >"+"it&t.

9.!.!. Pro'o'ii2ar(a!

P%$t$ti9i?&%& st +" 9%$)s it%&ti2 9%i" )&% &"&(i*tii *i +ti(i?&t$%ii 9+" >" is)+'i $2%si+" %+i!"t&%= & +"+i sist! i"#$%!&'i$"&(, )&% 2& #i >"t%5$ )$"ti"+= s)0i!&%, >"#+")'i %&)'i& +ti(i?&t$%i($%.

P"t%+ )+(3%& i"#$%!&'ii($% s9% )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($% >")= s &9(&?= (&i"t%2i+%i, &%, 9%i" 9%$t$ti9i?&%, $9%&'i+"& 2& #i !&i si!9(= *i 2& s$(i)it& +" ti!9 !&i s)+%t.

P%$t$ti9+( st 2=?+t *i tst&t +ti(i?&t$%, &2" 9$sii(it&t& s= 9%)i?? ) &% !&i $%i, &%*i s=5*i 3"%? &)&st= #$%!= "$+=, #i%s), )+ &+t$%+( s9)i&(i*ti($% i" 9%&!=.P%$t$ti9i?&%& st #&)i(it&t= )t2& (i!& s&+ 9%$+s 9%$3%&! i" 3"%&'i& & 9&t%&,

i")(+si2 CASE.P%$t$ti9i?&%& st #$&%t +ti(= >" t%!i"&%& )%i"'($% sist!+(+i )"

• )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($% "+ s+"t 9%& )(&% #$%!+(&t s&+ i" >"'(sJ• +"+( s&+ !&i !+('i +ti(i?&t$%i s&+ s+s'i"=t$%i s+"t i!9(i)&'i >" sist!J• >" t%)+t s5&+ >"%3ist%&t i#i)+(t='i >" )$!+"i)&%& i"t% +ti(i?&t$% *i &"&(i*ti *i

s >")&%)= #$%!+(&%& )t !&i )$%)t= & )%i"'($% sist!+(+iJ

Avan'a?(0• $ !&i +"= #i"i% & )%i"'($% +ti(i?&t$%i($%J• )%*t%& s&tis#&)'ii +ti(i?&t$%i($% 9%i"t%5$ i!9(i)&% 9+t%"i)=J• )%*t%& 2it?i %&(i?&% & sist!+(+iJ• #(ii(itt !&% & sist!+(+iJ• )$st+%i %+s &"&(i?= *i 9%$i)t&%.

D(2avan'a?(0• #i"i%& )%i"'($% st i"st&i(= ")sit" %2"i%i #%)2"tJ

2 Oprea, D., Analiza şi proiectarea sistemelor informa ţ ionale economice, Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 1999, pag. 185.


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• &)ti2it='i( s+"t s!ist%+)t+%&t s&+ "st%+)t+%&tJ• 9%$i)t&"'ii "+ s+"t si3+%i t0"$($3i& ) 2& #i +ti(i?&t=J• %2"i%i !+(ti9( >" #i"i%& sist!+(+i.


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:. MODELAREA PRELUCR4RILOR PROCESELOR SIG

O )$!9$""t= s"'i&(= >" )&%+( +"+i sist! i"#$%!&'i$"&( $ )$"stit+i prelucrările.A)&st= )$!9$""t= &% %$(+( & transforma &t( >" i"#$%!&'ii %s9)ti2 i"#$%!&'ii( s&+

&t( >" )+"$*ti"' 8T+%&" &" A%$"s$", :.Î" 3"%&( 9%$)s( 9%(+)%&% s+"t )$!9+s i" &)ti2it='i, &)'i+"i, #&?, $9%&'ii *i2"i!"t.

P"t%+ & %?$(2& )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($% *i &( &(t$% "tit='i i" sist!, &"&(ist+( t%+is= >"'(&3= *i s= %9%?i"t #(++%i( &t *i 9%$)s( t%&"s#$%!&% &( &)st$%&.

Ds)%i%& 9%(i!i"&%= 8"%i"&t=: & 9%(+)%=%i($% sist!+(+i *i &( #(++%i($% &t *ii"#$%!&'ii >"t% &)st&, >" )&%+( &"&(i?i sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(, s %&(i?&?= )+ &+t$%+(modelelor conceptuale ale prelucrărilor 8$C35.

M$(+( )$")9t+&( &( 9%(+)%=%i($% %#()t= )$"i+"i( *i st%+)t+%& i"#$%!&'i$"&(=3"%&(= & 9%(+)%=%i($% i" sist!+( &"&(i?&t.

Et&9& !$(&% )$")9t+&(= & 9%(+)%=%i($% 9%s+9+" i"ti#i)&%& )=t% &"&(ist& %=s9+"s+(+i (& >"t%&%&

Care sunt #relucrările din sistem şi relaţiile informaţionale dintre acestea *

odelarea #relucrărilor reprezintă o tenică de organizare şi documentare a tuturor proceselor de culegere, prelucrare, stocare şi transmitere a datelor în interiorul sau eteriorulsistemului analizat precum şi a politicilor şi procedurilor care guvernează aceste procese#

M$(&%& )$")9t+&(= nu are ca obiectiv s)%i%& +"$% t&(ii 9%i2i" !i($&)()$")%t 9%(+)%&% *i st$)&%& #i?i)= & &t($%.

U" %$( i!9$%t&"t >" )$"st%+)'i& !$(($% 9"t%+ 9%(+)%=%i( sist!+(+i, >( &%&)ti2it&t& descompunere a prelucrărilor .

T0"i)& +ti(i?&t= 9"t%+ s)$!9+"%& 9%$)s($% 9%(+)%&% st )+"$s)+t= s+"+!i%& decompoziţie.

"ecom#oziţia reprezintă activitatea prin care un sistem este descompus în susbsistemele, procesele sau subprocesele sale componente 80itt" &" B"t(, 1@:#

C( !&i +ti(i?&t i"st%+!"t >" )$!9$?i'i& sist!+(+i >( %9%?i"t= diagrama dedecompoziţie.

"iagrama de decom#oziţie este o reprezentare ierarică a componentelor şisubcomponentelor sistemului 8figura 9#-5#


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Fi3. 6.1. Di&3%&!& )$!9$?i'i.

P%$)s( ($3i) i" )&%+( +"+i sist! 9$t #i t%i ti9+%i 80itt" &" B"t(,1@:

• #+")'i+"iJ• 2"i!"tJ• 9%$)s (!"t&%.

Funcţiunile %9%?i"t= st+%i &)ti2it='i 9%!&""t )&% &+ +" )&%&)t%

)$"ti"+it&t. A)st& "+ &+ "i)i >")9+t *i "i)i s#%*it #ii" >"t%5$ )$"ti"+= %+(&%.

venimentul %9%?i"t= +" )(&"*&t$% ($3i) i" sist! (& )&% &)st& t%+i s=%=s9+"=. E2"i!"t+( st 3"%&t $ i"t%&% *i st )$!9(t&t $ i*i% )& %=s9+"s&( sist!+(+i. Î" +"( )i%)+!st&"' 2"i!"t( i" sist! !&i 9$&%t= "+!i%& tranzacţie.

rocesele elementare %9%?i"t= s&%)i"i *i $9%&'ii ")s&% )& %=s9+"s (&2"i!"t( i" sist!. A)st& s+"t +(ti!( "i2( &st%&)ti?&% >" )&% 9$&t #is)$!9+s +" 9%$)s.

T0"i)& )$!9$?i'i &% )& %?+(t&t $&% s)$!9+"%& #+")'i$"&(= & 9%$)s($% 9%(+)%&%, #=%= & s)$&t >" 2i"'= #(++%i( &t i"t% &)st& *i )$"i'ii( t0"i) %&(i?&%. Di" &)&st= )&+?= )$!9$?i'i& st i"t3%&t= >" 9%$)s+( !$(&% )$")9t+&(= &9%(+)%=%i($%.

Î" &"&(i?& sist!($% i"#$%!&'i$"&( )( !&i +ti(i?&t i"st%+!"t %9%?"t&% &!$(+(+i 9%(+)%=%i($% s+"t diagramele fluurilor de date 8)&)5. A)st i&3%&! )$"sti+it0"i)i &"&(i?= st%+)t+%&t= & sist!+(+i *i &+ +" %$( i!9$%t&"t &tt >" 9%$)s+( i"ti#i)&% *i #i"i% & )%i"'($% sist!+(+i )t *i >" 9%$)s+( reverse engineering.

Sistem

analizat

Funcţiunea 1 Funcţiunea 2 Funcţiunea n

Activitatea 1.1 Activitatea 2.1 Activitatea n.1

Operaţia 1.1.1 Operaţia 2.1.1 Operaţia n.1.1

...

...

...


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"iagrama flu)ului de date este un instrument de reprezentare grafică a fluurilor dedate, proceselor de prelucrare şi a locurilor de stocare ale acestora în cadrul sistemului analizat#

T0"i)& i&3%&!($% #(++%i($% &t s)$&t >" 2i"'= i"t%=%i(, 9%(+)%=%i( *ii*i%i( &t i" )&%+( sist!+(+i &"&(i?&t s&+ 9%$i)t&t.

R9%?"t&%& 3%i)= & i&3%&!($% s 9$&t %&(i?& )+ &+t$%+( !&i !+(t$% st+%i si!$(+%i i"t% )&% )( !&i )+"$s)+t s+"t (ane : +arson 816: *i ;ourdon : )e$arco 816:.

Î" 9%?"t t0"i)i( %9%?"t&% & DFD5+%i($% s+"t i")(+s >" i"st%+!"t CASE.

T0"i)& G&" S&%s$" &% (& &?= 9&t%+ si!$(+%i +ti(i?&t >" %9%?"t&%& DFD.A)st si!$(+%i >!9%+"= )+ s!"i#i)&'i& ($% s+"t 9%?"t&t >" t&(+( ;.1.

T&. ;.1. Si!$(+%i( G&" S&%s$"

Si)>ol S()nifi+a*i( E8()lu

ENTITATEEJTERN4

FLUJ DE DATE

PRELUCRAREPROCES

STOCARE DATE

• En'i'a'( (8'(rn/ %9%?i"t= !it"t+( s&+ %)9t$%+( &t($% i" t%i$%+( sist!+(+i

&"&(i?&t. A)&st= "tit&t 9$&t #i $ &(t= i2i?i+" $%3&"i?&t$%i)=, )(i"'ii, #+%"i?$%ii, =")i(,i"stit+'ii( #i"&")i&% &( st&t+(+i, $ 9%s$&"=, $ !&*i"=, $ &9(i)&'i i"#$%!&ti)= t).E"tit='i( t%" s+"t %9%?"t&t 3%i) 9%i"t%5+" 9=t%&t )+ (&t+%& s+9%i$&%= *i )& i"st"3& +!%it. Î" )&%+( 9=t%&t+(+i s i"t%$+) "+!i%& "tit='ii, i&% +"$%i *i $ (it%=)+ %$( i"ti#i)&t$% &( "tit='ii. A)&*i "tit&t 9$&t #i +ti(i?&t= !&i !+(t $%i >")&%+( &)(&*i i&3%&!.

• Flu8ul d( da'( %9%?i"t= i%)'i& !i*)&% & i#%it($% structuri de date. P%i"t%5$st%+)t+%= &t s >"'(3 +" $)+!"t, +" %&9$%t (ist&t, $ i"t%$3&% & &?i &t s&+

FURNIZOR

Factura de

achiziţie

Recepţie

Fişa de magazieD1


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&t( i"t%5$ #%&st%= & &9(i)&'ii. Fi)&% st%+)t+%= &t st %9%?"t&t= 9%i"t%5$s=3&t= $%i"t&t= )+ 2%#+( s9% sti"&'i. D&)= $ st%+)t+%= &t &% sti"&'ii !+(ti9(,s=3&t& )&% $ %9%?i"t= 9$&t #i s)$!9+s= >" !&i !+(t i%)'ii.

• Pr(lu+rar( ro+(& %9%?i"t= $ &)ti2it&t t%&"s#$%!&% s&+ i"t%9%t&% & &t($%.P%(+)%=%i( s+"t %9%?"t&t 9%i"t%5+" %9t+"30i )+ )$('+%i( %$t+"it. Î" i"t%i$%+(

%9t+"30i+(+i s i"t%$+) "+!i%& &)ti2it='ii 9%(+)%&%.

• S'o+ar( da'( %9%?i"t= ($)+( >"%3ist%&% *i st$)&% & &t($%, )&% 9$&t #i +"$)+!"t s&+ +" #i*i%. L$)+( st$)&% st %9%?"t&t 9%i"t%5+" %9t+"30i s)0is >"9&%t& %&9t=.

E(&$%&%& i&3%&!($% #(++(+i &t st 3+2%"&t= $ s%i reguli şi restricţii i"i#%"t &)= s +ti(i??= s&+ "+ i"st%+!"t CASE. Ast#( )( !&i 3"%&( &))9t&t %3+(i *i%st%i)'ii s+"t +%!=t$&%( 8C($, 7., 1@6:

• Ni)i +" 9%$)s 9%(+)%&% "+ 9$&t s= &i= $ i*i% #=%= "i)i $ i"t%&%.

• Ni)i +" 9%$)s 9%(+)%&% "+ 9$&t s= &i= "+!&i i"t%=%i #=%= "i)i $ i*i%.

• Î"t$t&+"& +" 9%$)s &% "+!i%& s&+ ti)0t& si!$(+(+i #$%!&t= i"t%5+" 2%.D !9(+ %)9'i !=%#+%i, )&s&% !i($) #i, >"%3ist%&% >" #i*& )$"t t).

• Î"t% $+= ($)+%i st$)&% "+ 9$&t s= ist "i)i$&t= +" #(+ &t i%)t.

• Î"t% $ "tit&t t%"= &t *i +" ($) st$)&% "+ 9$&t s= ist "i)i$&t= +"#(+ i%)t &t.

• U" #(+ &t "+ 9$&t #i t%&"s!is "i)i$&t= (& +" ($) st$)&% (& $ "tit&tt%"=.

• Î"t% $+= "tit='i t%" 8s+%s= *i sti"&'i: "+ t%+i s= ist +" #(+ i%)t &t.

• F(++( &t &% +" si"3+% s"s, %s9)ti2 i"s9% s+%s= s9% sti"&'i. D&)=ist= *i +" #(+ i"2%s i"s9% sti"&'i s9% s+%s= s 2& %9%?"t& +" "$+ #(+$%i"t&t >" &)&st= i%)'i.

• U" #(+ &t 9$&t #i %&!i#i)&t >" !&i !+(t i%)'ii >" #+")'i sti"&'i&&t($%. Fi)&% %&!i#i)&'i %9%?i"t= #(++( &t i" )&% 9%$2i".

• D$+= #(++%i s9% &)&*i sti"&'i 9$t #i &s$)i&"t 8+"it: $&% &)= &+ &)(&*i)$"'i"+t &t.

• U" #(+ &t "+ 9$&t &2& )& sti"&'i i%)t= s+%s& i" )&% 9%$2i".

Et&9( 9&%)+%s >" (&$%&%& i&3%&!($% #(++(+i &t s+"t +%!=t$&%(

A. Inv(n'ari(r(a ro+(&(lor d( r(lu+rar( 6i +on&'ru+*ia dia-ra)(i d(d(+o)o2i*i(.


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B. Id('ifi+ar(a (n'i'/*ilor (8'(rn(7 a flu8ului d( da'( din'r( ro+(&( 6i a lo+urilor

d( &'o+ar( a da'(lor. Î" &)&st= t&9= s+"t i"ti#i)&t t$&t "tit='i( t%"sist!+(+i &"&(i?&t, #(++%i( &t i"t% 9%$)s( 9%(+)%&% *i "tit='i(t%" 9%)+ *i ($)+%i( st$)&% & &t($%. P"t%+ $ !&i +"= 3sti$"&% & &)st$%(!"t 9$t #i +ti(i?&t t&( )&% s= )$"'i"= st%+)t+%& i"#$%!&'i$"&(= & sist!+(+i.

C. Ela>orar(a dia-ra)(i d( +on'(8'.

"iagrama de conte)t 8DM&%)$, 16@: este o imagine generală a sistemuluianalizat, conţinorar(a dia-ra)(i d( niv(l " 2(ro. Di&3%&!& "i2( )$"'i" t$&t9%$)s( 9 9%i!+( "i2( s+$%$"&% 9%$)s+(+i 9%i")i9&( i" i&3%&!& )$!9$?i'i. Ast#( i&3%&!& "i2( s $'i" 9%i" s)$!9+"%& i&3%&!i

)$"tt >" 9%$)s 9%(+)%&% i%)t s)""t. A)st s+9%$)s 9%(+)%&% s "$t&?=, %3+(=, )+ "+!% >"t%3i >")9" (& 1.

E. Ela>orar(a &u>dia-ra)(lor (n'ru fi(+ar( ro+(& din dia-ra)a d( niv(l ".U%!" )$!9$?i'i& #+")'i$"&(= & 9%$)s($% 9"t%+ #i)&% 9%$)s i" i&3%&!& "i2( s )%&?= )t $ i&3%&!& ) 2& )$"'i" t$&t s+9%$)s( &)(+i 9%$)s.

F. %(rifi+ar(a dia-ra)(lor (n'ru id(n'ifi+ar(a 6i (li)inar(a (rorilor. Î" &)&st=#&?= 9 &?& regulilor de elaborare a diagramelor fluului de date s %&(i??=)$%)t&%& %$%i($% i" )&%+( i&3%&!($% %9%?"t&t.


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;. MODELAREA DATELOR SIG

.1. 5olul modelării conce#tuale a datelor (n analiza de sistem

D+9= i"2sti3&%& sist!+(+i, )0i9& &"&(i?= *i 9%$i)t&%, 'i" $ s%i &t *ii"#$%!&'ii, s+ #$%!& $)+!"t($% s&+ #i*i%($%, )+ 9%i2i% (& $9%&'ii( *i 9%$)s($% i"sist!.

P"t%+ & !$(& &)st &t >" 2%& 9%$i)t=%ii &?i &t &"&(i*tii t%+i s=9&%)+%3= +%!=t$&%( t&9

M$(&%& s&+ 9%$i)t&%& )$")9t+&(= & &?i &t. P%$i)t&%& ($3i)= & &?i &t. P%$i)t&%& #i?i)= & &?i &t.Î" #&?& &"&(i?= & sist!+(+i s 9&%)+%3, %3+(=, 9%i!& t&9= *i &"+! modelarea

sau #roiectarea conce#tuală a 'azei de date.

6ceastă etapă, presupune elaborarea unui model al datelor şi informaţiilor dinorganizaţie, independent de aspectele tenice ale stocării şi prelucrării lor#

M$(&%& )$")9t+&( &( &t($%, %?+(t&t i" !$(&%& )$")9t+&(=, st t$t&(i"9""t SGBD5+%i(, &9(i)&'ii( s&+ 9(&t#$%!( 0&%4&% i" $%3&"i?&'i. A)st !$(&+t= &"&(ist+( s= i"ti#i) "tit='i( &t *i %(&'ii( i"t% &)st&.

R$(+( s"'i&( &( !$(=%ii )$")9t+&( st & $#%ii $ i!&3i" #i(= & &t($%sist!+(+i *i %(&'ii($% i"t% &)st& #=%= & #i 9""t t0"$($3ii( +ti(i?&t. P$%"i"

(& &)st !$( sist!+( 2& 9+t& #i +*$% %i"&t *i i!9(!"t&t >" )&%+( $%i)=%i t0"$($3ii.F&?( (&$%=%ii !$(+(+i )$")9t+&( &( &?i &t s+"t

Dt%!i"&%& 9""'($% #+")'i$"&(. I"ti#i)&%& ti9+%i($% "tit='i. Dt%!i"&%& st%+)t+%ii &t%i+t &( "tit='i($% *i $!"ii( 8ti9+%i(: &)st$%&. Dt%!i"&%& &t%i+t($% )0i )&"i&t *i 9%i!&%. I"ti#i)&%& ti9+%i($% %(&'ii i"t% "tit='i. R9%?"t&%& i&3%&!i "tit&t5%(&'i.

V%i#i)&%& *i 2&(i&%& !$(+(+i. R2i?+i%& !$(+(+i >!9%+"= )+ +ti(i?&t$%ii sist!+(+i.Î" 9%?"t (&$%&%& !$(+(+i )$")9t+&( &( &t($% s %&(i?&?= )+ &+t$%+( CASE5

+%i($%. A)st i"st%+!"t 9%!it )%&%& +"+i 9$?it &( &t%i+t($% i" sist!, i&% &9$i3%+9&%& ($% >" "tit='i *i (&$%&%& i&3%&!i "tit&t5%(&'i.


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T&(+( " !$ it%&ti2 >")9" )+ +" )&%+3"%&( >" )&% s+"t 3sti$"&t &t( ")s&% sist!+(+i &"&(i?&t.M$(+( DER & #$st )$")9+t )=t% P.P. C0" *i ?2$(t&t i" 16< &('i &+t$%i

9%sti3i+ )+! &% #i M&%ti", B&)0!&", M%is *.&.M$(+( DER &% (& &?= %9%?"t&%& &t($% s+ #$%!& +"$% "tit='i *i & %(&'ii($%

i"t% &)st "tit='i, %(&'ii t%!i"&t )&%&)t%isti)i( *i ti9+( &t($%. A)&st= st%+)t+%&%2& 9%!it $ i!9(!"t&% !&i +*$&%= *i !&i #i(= & !$(+(+i >"t%5+"sist! 3sti+" &&?($% &t.


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C$")9t( +ti(i?&t >" )&%+( !$(($% E"tit&t5R(&'i s+"t +%!=t$&%(

• ntităţile

=ntităţile %9%?i"t= $i)t, 9%s$&", 2"i!"t s&+ )$")9t &( %&(it='ii !$(&t,)&% 9$t #i s)%is 9%i"t%5+" st 9%$9%it='i.

A"s&!(+( "tit='i($% )&% &+ )&%&)t%isti)i *i 9%$9%it='i )$!+" 9$&%t= "+!i%& clasă a entităţii s&+ tipul entităţii. Fi)&% ti9 "tit&t &% $ "+!i% )&% )&%&)t%i??=)$"'i"+t+( "tit='ii. D !9(+ >" 3sti+"& st$)+%i($% 9$t #i #i"it +%!=t$&%( ti9+%i "tit='i #+%"i?$%i, "$tZZ%)9'i, %+(&Zst$), st$), $"+%iZZ)$"s+!, "$!")(&t$%Zst$)+%it).

C$"st%+)'i& "tit='i($% i" %&(it&t& !$(&t= s %&(i??= 9%i" 3%+9&%& &t%i+t($%

t%!i"&t >" #+")'i &t%i+t( t%!i"&"t, i"ti#i)&t 9%i" 9""'( #+")'i$"&(.Î" &)&st= t&9= +" %$( i!9$%t&"t >( &% !&t%i)& 9""'($% #+")'i$"&(, )&% $#%= $i!&3i" %&(= & 9""'($% #+")'i$"&(. P%&)ti) 9"t%+ #i)&% )$($&"= i" MDF s )%&?=)t $ "tit&t.

O "tit&t s )&%&)t%i?&?= 9%i"t%5$ !+('i! instanţe. O i"st&"'= %9%?i"t= $&9&%i'i i"i2i+&(i?&t= & +"i "tit='i. D !9(+ #+%"i?$%+( S.C. ALFA S.R.L %9%?i"t= $i"st&"'= & "tit='ii furnizori.

Î" )&%+( i&3%&!($% E"tit&t5R(&'i "tit='i( s+"t %9%?"t&t 9%i" dreptungiuri.

• 6tri'utele

6tributele %9%?i"t= 9%$9%it='i s&+ )&%&)t%isti)i &( "tit='i($%. At%i+t( !&i 9$&%t=

"+!i%& (!"t, )&%&)t%isti)i s&+ )!9+%i.D !9(+ "tit&t& #+%"i?$%i )$"'i" +%!=t$&%( &t%i+t )$Z#is)&(,

"+!i%Z#+%"i?$%, "%Z(&Z%3ist%+(Z)$!%t+(+i, &%s&, ($)&(it&t&, +t+(, )$"tZ&")&%, &")&.U" &t%i+t s )&%&)t%i?&?= 9%i"

o denumirea atributului 5 %9%?i"t= +" "+! )&% i"ti#i)= >" !$ +"i) +"&t%i+t i" )&%+( &)(&*i "tit='i. D !9(+ "+!i%Z#+%"i?$%J

o tipul atributului 5 st &t "&t+%& *i )$"'i"+t+( &t%i+t+(+i. Ti9+( &t%i+t+(+i9$&t #i "+!%i), tt, &t& )&("&%isti)= *.&. D !9(+ &t%i+t+("+!i%Z#+%"i?$% st ti9 tt 8)&%&)t%, st%i"3:J

o lungimea atributului 5 st #i"it= )$"'i"+t+( *i ti9+( &t%i+t+(+i. D!9(+ &t%i+t+( "+!i%Z#+%"i?$% ti9+( tt &% (+"3i!& - )&%&)t%.

Fi)&% ti9 "tit&t t%+i s= )$"'i"= +" &t%i+t s&+ 3%+9 &t%i+t )&% s=i"ti#i) >" !$ +"i) i"st&"'( "tit='ii($%. At%i+t( s&+ 3%+9+( &t%i+t )&% i"ti#i)= >"!$ +"i) i"st&"'( +"+i ti9 "tit&t, 9$&%t= "+!i%& ceie candidat . D !9(+9"t%+ ti9+( "tit&t #+%"i?$% )0i& )&"it&t st &t%i+t+( )$Z#is)&(. O "tit&t 9$&t &2&+"& s&+ !&i !+(t )0i )&"i&t.

O )0i )&"i&t s()t&t= 9"t%+ & i"ti#i)& >" !$ +"i) i"st&"'( +"+i ti9 "tit&t9$&%t= "+!i%& identificator &( "tit='ii s&+ ceie primară. D !9(+ )0i& 9%i!&%=9"t%+ "tit&t& $"+%iZ Z)$"s+! st "%Z$"ZZ)$"s+!.


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U" ti9 s9)i&( &t%i+t >( %9%?i"t= atributul multivaloare. A)st &t%i+t 9$&t (+&2&($%i i#%it 9"t%+ &)&*i i"st&"'=. D !9(+ &t%i+t+( +"it&tZZ!=s+%= i" )&%+("tit='ii "$!")(&t$%Zst$)+%i 9$&t &2& !&i !+(t 2&($%i )+! &% #i 3, !(, t$, 40, !, +), 0t).

Î" #&?& !$(=%ii )$")9t+&( & &t($% st #$&%t i!9$%t&"t )& &t%i+t( !+(ti2&($&%s= #i 3%+9&t >" )&%+( +"$% entităţi atributive *i +(t%i$% (3&%& &)st$% "tit='i )+ )((&(t

"tit='i i" !$(. D !9(+ 9"t%+ &t%i+t+( +"it&tZZ!=s+%= 9$&t #i )%&t ti9+( "tit&t +"it&'iZZ!=s+%= )&% s= )$"'i"= +%!=t$&%( &t%i+t )$Z+"it&tZZ!=s+%=,"+!i%Z +"it&tZZ!=s+%=.

• 5elaţiile dintre entităţi

4elaţiile dintre entităţi %9%?i"t= &s$)i%i >"t% i"st&"'( i#%it($% ti9+%i "tit='i.(radul unei relaţii %9%?i"t= "+!=%+( ti9+%i($% "tit='i )&% 9&%ti)i9= (& %(&'i. D !9(+3%&+( %(&'ii i"t% #+%"i?$%i *i "$tZZ%)9'i st 3&( )+ $i.

Î" #+")'i 3%&+( %(&'ii($% i"t% "tit='i, &)st& 9$t #io 4elaţiile unare 8gradul unu5 %9%?i"t= %(&'ii( i"t% i"st&"'( &)(+i&* ti9

"tit&t. A)st %(&'ii !&i s+"t "+!it relaţii de recursivitate. D !9(+ >")&%+( "tit='ii %+(&Zst$) !&i !+(t i"st&"' s+"t t%!i"&t 9%i""%Z"$tiZZ%)9'i. Î" #i3+%&


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Fi3. " )&% 3%&+( +"i %(&'ii st !&i !&% )t t%i. A)stsit+&'ii "+ s+"t $9ti! &t$%it= )$!9(it='ii 9 )&% ( 3"%&?= >" 9%(+)%&%& *ii"ti#i)&%& &t($%. D %3+(= %(&'ii( 3%& !&i !&% t%i, s+"t s)$!9+s >" !&i!+(t %(&'ii 3%& !&i !i) s&+ 3&( )+ t%i.

R(&'ii( i"t% "tit='i s+"t %9%?"t&t 9%i" 2% >")&%&t >" %$!+%i s&+ s)%isi%)t 9 (i"ii( )&% +"s) "tit='i(.

Cardinali'a'(a r(la*iilor din'r( (n'i'/*i

R(&'ii( i"t% "tit='i s+"t )&%&)t%i?&t 9%i" cardinalitatea relaţiilor . C&%i"&(it&t&%(&'ii($% i"t% "tit='i %9%?i"t= "+!=%+( i"st&"'($% "tit='ii B )&% 9$t #i &s$)i&t #i)=%ii"st&"' & "tit='ii A.

C&%i"&(it&t& %(&'ii($% i"t% "tit='i 9$&t #i

1 (& 1 8+"i si"3+% i"st&"' & "tit='ii B >i )$%s9+" $ si"3+%= i"st&"'= & "tit='iiA:J

1 (& " 8!&i !+(t$% i"st&"' &( "tit='ii B >i )$%s9+" $ si"3+%= i"st&"'= & "tit='iiA:J

! (& " 8!&i !+(t$% i"st&"' &( "tit='ii B >i )$%s9+" !&i !+(t i"st&"' &("tit='ii A:J

(& 1 s&+ $9'i$"&(= 8+"i si"3+% i"st&"' & "tit='ii B >i )$%s9+" +"& s&+ i"st&"' & "tit='ii A:J

(& " 8!&i !+(t$% i"st&"' &( "tit='ii B >i )$%s9+" +"&, !&i !+(t s&+ i"st&"'&( "tit='ii A:.

Nomenclator_stocuri Rulaj_stoc

Stoc

Calcul Fişă de magazie

Cod_stoc


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C&%i"&(it&t& %(&'ii($% i"t% "tit='i st t%!i"&t= *i >" #+")'i &t%i+t(

"tit='i($%. D !9(+ %(&'i& i"t% "tit&t& "$!")(&t$%Zst$)+%i *i "tit&t& %+(&Zst$) st )&%i"&(it&t 1 (& " +9= &t%i+t+( )$Zst$) *i ! (& " +9= &t%i+t+( +"it&tZZ!=s+%=.R9%?"t&%& )&%i"&(it='ii %(&'ii($% i"t% "tit='i >" )&%+( DER st 9%?"t&t= >" t&(+(


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@. IDENTIFICAREA CELEI MAI BUNE %ARIANTE DE DEZ%OLTARE SIIMPLEMENTARE A SIG

Î" 2%& &si3+%=%ii #+")'i$"&(it='ii sist!+(+i t%+i s= s i& >" )$"si%&% )t2&

9%$(! #$&%t i!9$%t&"t, )+! &% #i 8?34=6, )#, 6naliza si proiectarea sistemelor informationaleeconomice, =ditura 3olirom, Bucuresti, -@@@5• &)= sist!+( 2& #> %&(i?&t )+ #$%' 9%$9%iiJ• s()'i& s$#t4&%5+(+i *i & 0&%4&%5+(+iJ• i!9(!"t&%&J • (i!it( $%3&"i?&'ii.

S$#t4&%5+( ")s&% sist!+(+i 9$&t #i $'i"+t 9 +%!=t$&%( )=i

• )+ #$%' 9%$9%iiJ• (& )$!&"=J

• (& )0iJ

•

(& )0i !$i#i)&t.

• Sof'ar(ul r(ali2a' +u for*( rorii

A)&st= 2&%i&"t= 9%s+9+" (&$%&%&, )+ #$%' 9%$9%ii, +"+i s$#t4&% 9%s$"&(i?&t >"#+")'i )%i"'( $%3&"i?&'ii.

F&)t$%ii )&% t%!i"= (&$%&%& 9%$9%i+(+i s$#t4&% 89%s$"&(i?&t s+"t:• ist"'& 9 9i&'= & +"+i "+!=% (i!it&t 9%$3%&!, )&% "+ s&tis#&) >"t$t&+"&

")sit='i( i"#$%!&'i$"&( &( $%3&"i?&'ii($%J • i!"si+"i( !&%i &( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( &( $%3&"i?&'ii. U"( $%3&"i?&'ii s+"t &tt

!&%i *i )$!9( >")t si"3+%& !$&(it&t &5*i s&tis#&) )%i"'( $ )$"stit+i(&$%&%& 9%$9%i+(+i s$#t4&%.

)em#lu7O )$!9&"i 9t%$(i%= &% +" 9&%t&!"t 9"t%+ ?2$(t&%& 9%$9%ii($% &9(i)&'iii"#$%!&ti).

• Sof'ar(ul r(ali2a' la +o)and/

O &(t= 2&%i&"t= 9%$)+%&% & s$#t4&%5+(+i 9$&t #i &"3&&%& i" &%& +"it='ii &9%$3%&!&t$%i($%K&"&(i*ti($% s&+ & +"i )$!9&"ii s$#t4&% 9"t%+ & (&$%& 9"t%+ )(i"t +" 9&)0t &9(i)&'ii.

• Sof'ar(ul la +=(i(

S$#t4&%5+( (& )0i, %&(i?&t )=t% 9%$+)=t$%ii )&()+(&t$&% s&+ )=t% )$!9&"iis9)i&(i?&t >" %&(i?&%& s$#t4&%, st 2"+t 9 9i&'= 9"t%+ $ !&% i2%sit&t +ti(i?&t$%i )+)%i"' si!i(&%.


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U"ii 9%$+)=t$%i s$#t4&% )$!i"= s$#t+( )+ 0&%+( *i ( 2" )& 9&)0t. A)&st= )$!i"&'ist "+!it= sistem la ceie, $&%) #+%"i?$%+( i"st&(&?= >"t%3+( sist!, i&% +ti(i?&t$%+( t%+i $&%s= \%=s+)&s)= )0i& 9"t%+ & "#i)i& #+")'ii( &)st+i&.

)em#lu7

A)0i?i'i$"&%& +"+i ERP *i i!9(!"t&%& &)st+i& )$"#$%! %)$!&"=%i($%9%$+)=t$%+(+i.

• Modifi+ar(a &of'ar(ului la +=(i(

N+!%$&s 9%s$&" )$"si%= )= st !&i +"= )&(& & s&tis#&) )%i"'( +ti(i?&t$%i($%9%i" 9%$)+%&%& sist!+(+i (& )0i *i !$i#i)&%& (+i )$"#$%! +"$% )%i"' &"+!.

M$i#i)=%i( 9$t #i #=)+t )=t% #+%"i?$%+( s$#t4&%5+(+i, )=t% 9%s$"&(+( +"it='ii)+!9=%=t$&% s&+ )=t% $ &(t= )$!9&"i #+%"i?$&% s$#t4&%.

S(l(+'ar(a furni2orilor d( a+=('( &of'ar(

O%i) $%3&"i?&'i 9$&t s()t& 9 9i&'= #+%"i?$%+( $%it, 9%i" )$"s+(t&%& )=%'i($% t(#$",9%i" 9(i&"t 9%?"t&%, +%!=%i" %2ist )$!%)i&( s&+ )&()+(&t$&%, 9&%ti)i9" (& )$"#%i"',&9(" (& $%3&"i?&'ii s9)i&(i?&t 9 )$"s+(t&"'= *.& 8?34=6, )#, 6naliza si proiectarea sistemelorinformationale economice, =ditura 3olirom, Bucuresti, -@@@5.

D+9= ) s 9%i!s) $#%t( #+%"i?$%i($%, ( t%+i 2&(+&t, $9%&'i+" %+(&t= >" )t2&#&?, #i)&% )$"st" >"t%5$ t&(i% & )(i &"t%i$&%. Ast#(

• %n primul r


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P"t%+ 2&(+&%& *i s()'i& $#%t($% +"+i 9&)0t s$#t4&% 9$&t #i +ti(i?&t= $ 3%i(= 9+")t& 8t&(+( 6.1:. A)&st= 3%i(= )$"'i" )%it%ii( 2&(+&t, )$t( i!9$%t&"'= &()%it%ii($% *i 9+")t&+( #i)=%+i )%it%i+. V&%i&"t& ) 2& #i s()t&t= )$"#$%! &)sti t0"i)i st)& )&% &% 9+")t&+( )( !&i !&%.

T&(+( 6.1. G%i(= 2&(+&% & $#%t($% 9&)0t s$#t4&%Cri'(riu Co'( d( i)or'an*/

# .. #"Pun+'a?# .. #"

%aloar(un+'a?

81: 8: 8-: ]8:Y8-:C$!9&tii(it&t s$#t4&% @G%& &)$9%i% &( )%i"'($%sist!+(+i

1

U*+%i"'& >" )$"2%si <

U*+%i"'& >" +ti(i?&% @Vit?& (+)%+ M$+(&%it&t <S)+%it&t& sist!+(+i Rs+%s 0&%4&% ")s&% ;I"st%+i%& +ti(i?&t$%i($% 6Asist"'& t0"i)= +(t%i$&%= @D$)+!"t&'i& @TOTAL


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. PROIECTAREA IESIRILOR SIG

8.1. 6s#ecte generale ale #roiectării ieşirilor sistemului informatic

/eşirile unui sistem informaţional sunt constituite din ansamblul listelor sau rapoartelorrezultate în urma prelucrării automate a datelor, situaţii utilizate pentru 'ustificareaoperaţiunilor economico A financiare şi pentru suportul procesului decizional#

P%$i)t&%& *i %&(i?&%& ($% )$"stit+i +"+( i" $i)ti2( )( !&i i!9$%t&"t &(9%$i)t=%ii sist!+(+i i"#$%!&ti), ( #ii" (!"t !&t%i&( )&% +sti#i)= +ti(it&t&sist!+(+i *i )0i&% ist"'& (+i.

Att i*i%i( )t *i i"t%=%i( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&ti) &+ #$st i"ti#i)&t >" t&9& &"&(i?= &sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( ist"t 8&"&(i?& $)+!"t($%: *i st&i(i% & )%i"'($% "$+(+isist! 9%$i)t&t. E( s+"t &)t 9%i" )&% s )$"s!"&?= $9%&'ii( )$"$!i) s#=*+%&t,ist"t 9&t%i!$"i&( *i %)it&%& #+")'ii ($% $%3&"i?&t$%i) *i &!i"ist%&ti2 & +"it='ii9&t%i!$"i&(.

Oi)ti2+( 9%$i)t=%ii st & t%!i"& #$%!&t+( *i )$"'i"+t+( t+t+%$% $)+!"t($%i!9%i!&t, & 3%i)($%, & 2i$#$%!&t($% >"t$)!it *i & st%+)t+%ii i*i%i($% )=t% &(t sist!.Dt%!i"&% )$")%t= & )$"'i"+t+(+i, #$%!i *i )i%)+it+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&( &( sit+&'ii($% i*i%s+"t %&(i?&t >" #+")'i "&t+%& &)ti2it='ii +"it='ii 9&t%i!$"i&(, )%i"'( i"#$%!&'i$"&(&( sist!+(+i )i?i$"&(, "+!=%+( +ti(i?&t$%i($% *i ($)+( &)st$%& >" i%&%0i& +"it='ii, 3%&+( 9=t%+"% & ($% >" )+"$&*t%& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(, $!"i+( &)ti2it&t i")&% #&) 9&%t (+)%&%&, $i)ti2( 9%$9+s, )&%+( (3is(&ti2 "$%!&ti2 t).

D &s!"&, (& 9%$i)t&%& )$"'i"+t+(+i *i #$%!i sit+&'ii($% i*i% s %)$!&"= s=s 'i"= s&!& %st%i)'ii( &t$%&t )&%&)t%isti)i($% *i 9%#$%!&"'($% t0"i) &()0i9&!"t($% 9%i#%i) 8"+!=%+( !&i! )&%&)t% 9 (i"i, "+!=%+( !&i! (i"ii 9 $9&3i"=, #&)i(it='i( %&% t).: *i s= +%!=%&s)= $ 2&($%i#i)&% )t !&i 9(i"= &9$sii(it='i($% 9%(+)%&% & &)st$%&.

I*i%i( sist!+(+i i"#$%!&ti) s 2$% 9%$i)t& &st#( >")t s= s&tis#&)= )%i"'( i"#$%!&% *i )$"+)% &tt >" )&%+( &)ti2it='ii &"&(i?&t *i 9%$i)t&t )t *i >" &)ti2it='i( *is)t$&%( )$%(&t, &)ti2it='i "#i)i&% i"#$%!&'ii s&+ #+%"i?$&% &t 9"t%+ sist!+(9%$i)t&t.

Î" &)ti2it&t& 9%$i)t&% & i*i%i($% sist!+(+i &"&(ist+( t%+i s= %=s9+"= (&

+%!=t$&%( >"t%=%io Ci" 2& +ti(i?& i*i%i( sist!+(+i o C&% st s)$9+( $'i"%ii i*i%i($% o C+! s $'i" )$"'i"+t+( i*i%i($% o C" t%+i s= s $'i"= i*i%& o U" st t%&"s!is= i*i%& o C'i +ti(i?&t$%i #$($ss) i*i%&


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.#.#. Con*inu'ul 6i +la&ifi+ar(a i(6irilor

P"t%+ %#()t&%& )(&%= *i 9%)is= & $9%&'i+"i($% )$"$!i), i*i%i( t%+i s= )$"'i"=&"+!it &t )+ )&%&)t% $(i3&t$%i+

• "+!i%& $)+!"t+(+i 9"t%+ %#()t&%& )(&%= *i 9%)is= & $9%&'i+"i($%)$"$!i)J

• "+!i%& *i si+( +"it='ii 9&t%i!$"i&( )&% >"t$)!*t $)+!"t( 8)"st )&?+(:J

• "+!=%+( $)+!"t+(+i *i &t& >"t$)!i%ii &)st+i&J• !"'i$"&%& 9=%'i($% )&% 9&%ti)i9= (& #)t+&%& $9%&'ii )$"$!i) 8)" st

)&?+(:J• &t( )&"tit&ti2 *i 2&($%i( %"t $9%&'i+"i($% )$"$!i) #)t+&tJ• "+!( *i 9%"+!(, 9%)+! *i s!"=t+%i( 9%s$&"($% )&% %=s9+"

#)t+&%& $9%&'i+"ii %s9)ti2, &( 9%s$&"($% )+ &t%i+'ii )$"t%$( #i"&")i&%9%2"ti2 *i & 9%s$&"($% >" %9t s= &9%$ $9%&'i+"i( %s9)ti2, +9= )&?J

• &(t &t !"it s= &si3+% )$"s!"&%& )$!9(t= & $9%&'i+"ii %s9)ti2.

Ţi"" s&!& &"+!it )&%&)t%isti)i &( $)+!"t($% &)st s 9$t )(&si#i)& +9=!&i !+(t )%it%ii, *i &"+!

&: +ub aspectul modului de redare s )+"$s) $+= ti9+%i i*i%io ieşiri de tip listă )&% s $'i" (& i!9%i!&"t=. D !9(+ B&(&"'&

2%i#i)&%, C&%t& M&%, St&t+( 9(&t= &( s&(&%ii($% t).J o ieşiri de tip display s&+ i*&t 9 )%&"+( +"+i t%!i"&(. I*i%i( ti9 is9(& "+

s+"t s9)i#i) &)ti2it='ii #i"&")i&% )$"t&i(, $&%) (i9s*t s+9$%t+(!&t%i&( )%+t )$"#$%! &)t($% "$%!&ti2 >" 2i3$&% 8L3& )$"t&i(it='ii "%.@K11, O%i"+( MF "%. -;1K@:. D !9(+ +ituaţia soldului contuluide card J

: )upă natura operaţiunilor economice 9 )&% ( )$"s!"&?= o listesituaţii privind imobilizările corporale# D !9(+ Fi*& !i($)+(+i #i,

P(&"+( &!$%ti?&%, B&(&"'& !i($&)($% #i t). o listesituaţii privind imobilizările necorporale şi financiareo listesituaţii privind valorile materiale# D !9(+ Fi*& !&3&?i, R3ist%+(

st$)+%i($%, B&(&"'& !&t%i&(($% o listesituaţii privind munca efectuată# D !9(+ F$&i& )$()ti2=

9%?"'=

o listesituaţii privind calcularea costurilor# D !9(+ Sit+&'i& )0(t+i(i($%i%)t 9"t%+ 9%$+s, Sit+&'i& &!$%ti?=%ii 9 s)'i, C"t%&(i?&t$% )$"s+!+%i9 9%$+s, C"t%&(i?&t$% !&"$9%= 9 s)'i *i 9%$+s t).

): )upă funcţia pe care o îndeplinesc>o listesituaţii de dispoziţie )$"'i"" $%i"+( #)t+&% & +"i $9%&'ii

)$"$!i) 9%)+! *i i"i)&'ii( ")s&% )+t=%ii i, "#=)" $2&&


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#)t+=%ii &)sti&. D !9(+ Dis9$?i'i 9(&t=K>")&s&%, O%i" 9(&t=t).J

o listesituaţii 'ustificative sau de ecepţie )&% )+9%i" &t 9%i2i" is9$?i'i& & )+t& $ $9%&'i )$"$!i)= )t *i )+t&%& #)ti2= & i. Ast#( $"+( )$"s+! !&t%i&( st i"i'i&( +" $)+!"t is9$?i'i 9%i" )&% sis9+" (i%&%& !&t%i&(($% i" 9$?it, i&% )" st )$!9(t&t )+

!"'i+"i( 9%i2i" (i%&%& *i i*i%& !&t%i&(($% 2i" $)+!"t+sti#i)&ti2J

o listesituaţii contabile )&% s%2s) 9"t%+ >"%3ist%&%& $9%&'ii($% >")$"t&i(it&t. D !9(+ N$t& %)9'i *i )$"st&t&% i#%"', List& i"2"t&%i%, Et%&s+( )$"t t).J

: )upă conţinut>o listesituaţii primare )&% %#()t= $ si"3+%= $9%&'i )$"$!i)= 8#&)t+%i,

))+%i, $"+%i !&t%i&( t).:J o listesituaţii centralizatoare )&% )+9%i" &t %#%it$&% (& $9%&'ii

&)(&*i #( 8)"t%&(i?&t$%+( i"t%=%i($%, %s9)ti2 &( i*i%i($% !&t%i&( t).:J

: )in punct de vedere al timpului de obţinere>o listesituaţii operative sau la cerere 8rapoarte ad!oc5# S+"t (&$%&t )&

%=s9+"s (& >"t%=%i( !&"&3%i($% *i &+ %$(+( & ssi?& >" ti!9 +ti( &"+!it9%t+%&'ii >" s#=*+%&%& &)ti2it='i($% *i & 9%!it #)t+&%& +"ii"t%2"'ii 9%$!9t 9"t%+ %!i%& &)st$%&J

o listesituaţii periodice. Î" &)&st= )&t3$%i s >"s)%i+ &)( (ist, sit+&'ii )&%s $'i" (& $ &"+!it= 9%i$&= 8)&=, (+"=, t%i!st%+, &": *i )$"'i"%?+(t&t( +"i 9%i$& !&i )$!9( )&%&)t%i?" 2$(+'i& +"+i #"$!"s&+ 9%$)s )$"$!i) 8&(&"'& &"&(iti)= & !&t%ii($%, &(&"'& 2%i#i)&%,i(&"t+( )$"t&i( t).:J

#: )upă destinaţia sit+&'ii i*i%, 9%$i)t( s >!9&%t >" o listesituaţii pentru beneficiari eterni# D !9(+ O#%t& 9%$+s,

Bi(&"'+(, C$"t+( 9%$#it *i 9i%%i, Sit+&'i& #(++(+i "+!%&% t). o listesituaţii pentru nevoile interne ale unităţii# D !9(+ R&9$%t+(

9%$+)'i, Sit+&'i& 9%$+)'ii "t%!i"&t, C"t%&(i?&t$%+( )$!"?i($%i"t%" 9%$+)'i t).

.#.!. Rolul ro'o'ii2/rii ,n roi(+'ar(a i(6irilor &i&'()ului

P%$t$ti9i?&%& st $ t0"i)= st+( +ti(i?&t= >" 9%$i)t&%& i*i%i($% sist!+(+i&t$%it= #&9t+(+i )= $#%= $ i!&3i" )t !&i #i(= & i*i%ii, >" ti!9 %&(. Ast#(, +ti(i?&t$%+( #i"&($s%2= >" $%i) !$!"t &( 9%$i)t=%ii i*i%ii #$%!& *i )$"'i"+t+( &)sti& &*& )+! 2& #ii!9(!"t&t *i +ti(i?&t.

I"st%+!"t( +ti(i?&t 9"t%+ 9%$i)t&%& i*i%i($% i#%= (& i"st%+!"t i" )&%+(&9(i)&'ii($% CASE 8Visi( A"&(st, Sst! A%)0it)t t).: 9"= (& i"st%+!"t 8 %3+(=4i?&%: i" )&%+( (i!&($% 9%$3%&!&% 8+i)R9$%t K R&2 D(90i, C%st&( R9$%ts


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C$!9$""ts Vis+&( B&si) t).: s&+ sist!($% 3sti+" & &?($% &t 8R9$%t Dsi3"% A))ss, R9$%t i?&% Vis+&( F$P%$, R9$%ts B+i(% O%&)( t).:.

Î" )$"i'ii( +ti(i?=%ii i"st%+!"t($% CASE, 9%$i)t&%& i*i%i($% sist!+(+i 9$&t #i%&(i?&t= i"t%&)ti2. D !9(+ >" #i3+%& @.1 st 9%?"t&t !$+( )%&% & +"i i*i%i ti9%&9$%t )+ &+t$%+( !i+(+i ?2$(t&% B$%(&" D(90i.

Fi3. @.1. P%$i)t&%& i*i%i($% >" B$%(&" D(90i.

8.2. 6s#ecte te,nice ale #roiectării ieşirilor

Dormele metodologice 9"t%+ >"t$)!i%& *i +ti(i?&%& #$%!+(&%($% )$!+" 9%i2i"&)ti2it&t& #i"&")i&%= *i )$"t&i(= *i !t$( &)st$%&, (&$%&t Mi"ist%+( Fi"&"'($%,9%)i?&?= )%it%ii( !i"i!&( 9 )&% t%+i s= ( >"9(i"&s)= &9(i)&'ii( i"#$%!&ti)+ti(i?&t >" $!"i+( #i"&")i&%5)$"t&i(. 8OMFP -;1K@:

.!.#. Al(-(r(a '(=nolo-i(i (n'ru o>*in(r(a i(6irilor &i&'()ului infor)a*ional


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P%$+)%& i#%it($% ti9+%i i*i%i ")sit= i#%it t0"$($3ii i!9%i!&"t,!$"it$&%, i#+?$&%8$:, )&!% s9)i&( *i !i)%$#i(!, )&!% 2i$, CD5ROM, DVD5ROMt).

/m#rimanta & #$st *i %=!" 9%i")i9&(+( )0i9&!"t 9%#%&t 9"t%+9%$+)%& i*i%i($%. I!9%i!&"t& 9%?i"t= $ s%i )&%&)t%isti)i )&% $#&) &3%&t= &tt +ti(i?&t$%ii, )t *i &"&(i*tii sist!, *i &"+!

• st &))sii(= 9"t%+ t$&t +"it='i( 9&t%i!$"i&(J•

st #(ii(= >" )& ) 9%i2*t ti9+( $'i"% & i*i%ii %s9)ti2J• 9%?i"t= >")%% &t+")i )" st 2$%& ti9=%i%& +"i )&"tit='i !&%i sit+&'ii)&% t%+i %&(i?&t (& &"+!it t%!" 8!&i &(s >" $!"i+( #i"&")i&%5)$"t&i(:J

• st %(&ti2 i#ti"=J• &"+!it i!9%i!&"t 9$t %&(i?& s&%)i"i s9)i#i) 8ti9=%i%& ti)0t, ti9=%i%&

)$+%i &%= t).:.

C+ t$&t &)st &2&"t&, i!9%i!&"t( 9%?i"t= *i $ s%i ?&2&"t&, )+! &% #i 9$t9%$+) ?3$!$t, ")sit= )$"s+!&i( s)+!9, 9$t &9=%& 9%$(! )$!9&tii(it&t )+ &(tti9+%i s$#t, 2it?& %&% %(&ti2 !i)= (& +"( !$( t).

onitorul %9%?i"t= $ t0"$($3i i" ) >" ) !&i #$($sit= 9"t%+ i*&%&

%?+(t&t($% )&% s+"t")s&% "+!&i $ si"3+%= &t= *i )&% "+ ")sit=st$)&%. A)st #&9t 9%!it +ti(i?&t$%+(+i s= %"+"' (& $'i"%& +"$%(isti"3+%i i"+ti(, )$"t%i+i" 9%i" &)&st& (& %+)%& )0(t+i(i($% )+#+")'i$"&%& sist!+(+i i"#$%!&'i$"&(. M$"it$%+( 9%?i"t= $ s%i &2&"t& >" )$!9&%&'i )+ i!9%i!&"t( &t$%it= si("'i$?it='ii *i

9$t"'i&(+(+i 9"t%+ #$($si%& i"t%&)ti2= )=t% +ti(i?&t$%i.

C"%59%urile s+"t is9$?iti2 !+(ti!i& #$($sit 9"t%+ & st$)& $%i)i"#$%!&'i )&% st 2$(+!i"$&s= *i st&i(= >" )$"'i"+t. A))s&%&

i"#$%!&'ii 9 CD5ROM st !&i %&9i= )t 9%i" &(t !t$, )+! &%#i &))s&%& +"i 0%tii s&+ & +"i !i)%$#$%!.

":"%ul 2& >"($)+i >" )+%" CD5ROM5+( 9"t%+ )= &% $ )&9&)it&t !&i!&% )t &)st&, 9$&t )iti *i CD5ROM, *i 9$&t #i #$($sit 9"t%+!!$%&%, )& >"

)&?+( DVD5RAM.


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Situaţiile electronice s+"t ti9+%i i*i%, t%&"s!is (& +" )&()+(&t$% (&&(t+( 9%i" 5!&i(, %'&+& i"t%&"t t)., #=%= & #i ")s&%= ti9=%i%& #i?i)=.

oşta electronică e%mail& st +" s)0i! !s& >"t% )&()+(&t$&%, )&%s %&(i?&?= >" i"t%i$%+( +"it='ii 9&t%i!$"i&( 9%i" i"t%&"t, s&+ 9%i" i"t%"t.P%i" )%&%& *i i!9(!"t&%& 5!&i(5+(+i s #&)i(it&?= )$!+"i)&%& >" )&%+(

+"it='ii, s %+) #$($si%& 0%ti, s %&(i?&?= s)0i!+( i"#$%!&'i>"t% +ti(i?&t$%ii )&% &+ 9$sii(it&t& &)t+&(i?=%ii &)st$% i"#$%!&'ii #$&%t %&9i.

D?&2&"t&( 3sti$"=%ii i*i%i($% 9%i" 5!&i( i")(+ i#i)+(t&t& >" )$"t%$(+( #$%!&t=%ii,9$sii(it&t&

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