A C A D E M I A R O M Â N Ă

ANUARUL

INSTITUTULUI DE CERCETĂRI

SOCIO-UMANE „GHEORGHE ŞINCAI”

XXI

TÂRGU MUREŞ

2018

COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE

Cornel Sigmirean (Redactor şef)

Nicoleta Sălcudeanu (Secretar de redacţie)

Iulian Boldea

Anca Şincan

Marian Zăloagă

Corina Teodor

Simon Zsolt

Novák Csaba Zoltán

Maria Costea

COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE

Acad. Dan Berindei, președinte de onoare al Secției de Științe Istorice și

Arheologie a Academiei Române

Acad. Eugen Simion, preşedintele Secţiei de Filologie şi Literatură

a Academiei Române

Acad. Ioan-Aurel Pop, directorul Centrului de Studii Transilvane al

Academiei Române, membru titular al Academiei Române

Dorina N. Rusu, membru corespondent al Academiei Române

Keith Hitchins, profesor emerit Champaign - Illinois University, Urbana, USA,

membru de onoare al Academiei Române

Rakesh Batabyal, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

David Espey, University of Pennsylvania, S.U.A.

Vesna Goldsworthy, Kingston University, Londra, Marea Britanie

Claude Karnoouh, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Paris, Franţa

Universitatea Catolică Saint Joseph din Beyrouth (Liban)

Gheorghe Cojocaru, Directorul Institutului de Istorie al

Academiei de Științe a Moldovei, Chișinău

This is a refereed journal. Any views expressed in this publication are the views of

the authors and are not the views of the editorial board.

CONTACT

Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Şincai”

Str. A. Papiu Ilarian, nr. 10A, 540074 - Târgu Mureş;

E-mail: icsu.acad.ms@gmail.com

ISSN 1454 – 5284

Tipărit 2016 www.BBimage.ro

Tîrgu Mureş, str. Libertăţii nr. 42, Tel.: 0265-268023, 0728-764.181

ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ

ANUARUL INSTITUTULUI DE CERCETĂRI SOCIO-UMANE

„GHEORGHE ŞINCAI”

XXI/2018

……………………………………………………………………………

Națiune, confesiune, politică

Narcis-Mihai Martiniuc, Costumul bărbătesc din zonele

etnografice Maramureș și Oaș: „mitologii naționale”, origini,

evoluție, morfologie și simbol. Sec. XVII- XX (partea II)............... 5

Cătălin Maier, Comunitatea românească din Târgu Mureș (1700-

1848). Perspective confesionale…………………...…………….85

Corina Teodor, Istoriografia română și discursul național.

Considerații despre 1 Decembrie 1918 ...................................... 101

Marian Zăloagă, 1 Decembrie 1918 în manuale de istorie și

geografie din perioada 1919-1945 ............................................. 122

Sonia Doris Andraș, Creating City Chic. The Parisian Influence on

Interwar Bucharest Fashion........................................................152

Corina Hațegan, Istoriografia română în perioada regimului

Ceaușescu. Studiu de caz: revista „Era Socialistă”(1980-1989)

.................................................................................................... 177

Cornel Sigmirean, Aurel Pavel, Istorie și diplomație. Fundaţia

„Gojdu” între anii 1996-2008 .................................................... 192

Miscellanea

Eugeniu Nistor, Lucian Blaga - repere biografice ..................... 217

Iulian Boldea, Vasile Netea – o conștiință a vremurilor sale ..... 230

Nicoleta Sălcudeanu, Dilemele identitare ale exilului literar..... 237

Recenzii și note de lectură ........................................................ 247

Națiune, confesiune, politică

Narcis-Mihai Martiniuc

COSTUMUL BĂRBĂTESC DIN ZONELE ETNOGRAFICE

MARAMUREȘ ȘI OAȘ: „MITOLOGII NAȚIONALE”, ORIGINI,

EVOLUȚIE, MORFOLOGIE ȘI SIMBOL.

SEC. XVII- XX .

Partea a II-a**

Abstract: The traditional man's costume from Maramureș and Oaș

ethno-cultural regions: „national mythologies”, origins, evolution,

morphology and simbolism. XVII-XX c. Part Two. It was

immediately after the Second World War that the costume from

Maramureș and Oaș regions drew the attention of the specialists in

ethnography and traditional art. In the same period, Romanian

nationalism reclaimed the value of this traditional costume. Until the

instauration of the communist regime, the profile of the peasant from

these two regions was vague and partially unknown to the Romanian

intellectuals.

The first part of the study is concerned with the role of the

male’s costume in the Romanian protochronist discourse. I demonstrate

how it evolved from a hazy image emerging during the 19th centruy, to a

Asistent cercetare, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș. **

Prima parte a acestui studiu s-a publicat sub titlul „Narcis-Mihai Martiniuc,

Costumul bărbătesc din zonele etnografice Maramureș și Oaș: <<mitologii

naționale>>, origini, evoluție, morfologie și simbol. Sec. XVII-XX. Partea I” în

Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai”, XX, Tîrgu

Mureș, 2017, pp. 5 - 28.

hypothetic and falsified „Dacian costume” able to contribute to the

Romanian nationalist discourse during Ceaușescu's rule1.

In the next three sections of the paper I refer to the design and

the evolution of this costume, emphasizing the local, unique and

differentiating elements. I particularly insist on the attire' elements that

were borrowed from different ethnic gropus and various geographic

areas which finally had an influence on the Maramureș and Oaș

Romanian costume. In the first section of this paper I took into

consideration the effects of the contemporary emigration phenomenon in

Oas area on the evolution of the traditional male costume.

One of the consequences of migration is - perhaps paradoxical -

that this local costume does not disappear, but adapts to the

contemporary world, evolves and specializes more and more strictly,

becoming a ceremonial costume by excellence. The next two chapters

are a reconstruction of what the "recent man's suit" and the "old man's

costume" meant, highlighting the parallels, influences, takeovers and

morphological similarities between the Romanian costume of Oas and

Maramures and that of the Slovaks, Ruthenians, Hungarians, Serbians

and Croatians.

Keywords: Oaș Region, Maramureș Region, ethnography, traditional

costumes, protochronism, anthropology, sociology, folk art.

Cătălin Maier*

COMUNITATEA ROMÂNEASCĂ DIN TÂRGU MUREȘ

(1700-1848). PERSPECTIVE CONFESIONALE

Abstract: The Romannian community in Târgu Mureș (1700-1848).

Confessional considerations. In this research I am interested in topics

relating to the ethnic and confessional structure of the city and I tried to

1 Narcis-Mihai Martiniuc, „Costumul bărbătesc din zonele etnografice

Maramureș și Oaș: <<mitologii naționale>>, origini, evoluție, morfologie și

simbol. Sec. XVII-XX. Partea I” în Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-

Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” XX, Tîrgu Mureș, 2017, pp. 5 - 28. * Dr., Preot Parohia Ortodoxă Târgu Mureș VI - "Sfânta Ana"

see how these evolved over time. At the same time, this paper also

highlights firts pieces of information that the documents provide with

regard to the existence of an Orthodox deanery in this area. The first

name of an Orthodox archpriest in this area is the one inscribed by

Pătru Todoran of Hodac, a skillful craftsman and priest at the same

time, on the beam of the iconostasis he built for a church between 1695

and 1696 for the community of Orthodox believers from Văleni-Oaia.

The location of the deanery he had to supervise remains unknown. The

first historical evidence about the establishment of the deanery in Târgu-

Mureş only appeared in 1814. A detailed reconstruction of the birth and

evolution of this community cannot be fully revealed largely because

most of the archives were destroyed during the 1848 revolution. In the

revolutionary context the archpriest’s house was broken into, and even

the Metropoly’s archives in Sibiu were devastated, in March, 1849. Keywords: Romanians, Orthodox, Târgu Mureş, archpriest, priests, Pătru priest

Corina Teodor*

ISTORIOGRAFIA ROMÂNĂ ȘI DISCURSUL NAȚIONAL.

CONSIDERAȚII DESPRE 1 DECEMBRIE 1918

Abstract: (Romanian Historiography and National Discourse.

Contribution to December 1st, 1918). The present study analyzes the

manner in which the event of December 1st 1918 was reflected in the

historiography published between 1919-1943. Thousands of newspapers

articles and books published on the subject during these years show that

the historical moment was mostly approached at the first, first decade,

second decade and first quarter anniversaries. There are few texts on the

subject expect those published in anniversaries moments. Another

assertion is on the typology of the writings on this major moment of

Romanian history. The historiography of this period was divided in

several categories: memoirs, speeches, editions of documents and

scientific papers. Evidently, the last category is the most important for

the historical knowledge. Amongst those who ventured to publish

* Cercetător științific II, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș.

scientific papers during this period one finds consecrated historians such

as Nicolae Iorga, Dimitrei Onciul, Ioan Lupaș, Silviu Dragomir and Ion

Clopoțel.

Keywords: Interwar Historiography, Political Speeches, the Great

Union, Historical Truth, Historical Sources.

Marian Zăloagă*

1 DECEMBRIE 1918 ÎN MANUALE DE ISTORIE ȘI

GEOGRAFIE DIN PERIOADA 1919-1945

Abstract: December 1, 1918, in History and Geography Textbooks

during 1919-1945 In my article I discuss the role of the textbooks in

shaping the historical consciousness of the pupils in the Romanian

school system during interwar years. I concentrate on the way in which,

by means of school curricula December 1, 1918 was imposed as a lieux

de mémoire in the consciousness of the future Romanian state citizens.

Although, I elaborate mostly on selected textbooks used during the

interwar time, I go beyond these chronological confines and refer to the

textbooks during communist era and to those published during post-

communist. My choice is motivated by the awareness that school

textbooks were/are often used as political tools in building a national

cleansed and official historical narrative. Implicitly, regime change

brings mutations or at least variables when an historical event was/is

interpreted, hence, revealing the influence of ideologies in shaping the

reconstruction and the dissemination of the knowledges concerning the

past of any national community. By crossing the interwar chronological

borders, I would be able to highlight how authoritarian manifestations of

political power, notable in all regimes I will refer to, tend to privilege a

monolithic interpretation of the historical event(s). The simplest way to

establish control was through the replacement of a variety of didactic

literature with a unique textbook. As I show, this tendency is not linked,

* Cercetător științific III, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș.

as generally expected, to the communist regime but has its antecedents

in the 1940’s.

Since it reflects upon December 1, 1918 in the context of the

celebration of its centenary, my article has a retrospective character. By

crossing over the chronological borders, as stated in the title, I hope to

highlight some long-term trends, which can be identified at the level of

the narratives proposed and their obvious or possible political

connotation. Most of the explanatory patterns emerged during interwar

period and became recurrent, at least in some respects. The most

obvious were the poignant teleological view and the plebiscitary

character of the December 1st, 1918. Both features can be traced in

interwar, communism and post – communism textbooks. Certain actors

as well as specific explicative factors involved in the narrative around

the event appear and reappear in close relation with the ideological

agenda of the political regimes experienced by Romania during the last

100 years. Admittedly, not all the timespans are covered proportionately

when it comes to the discourse analysis of the textbooks. This coerced me

to practice an asymmetrical comparison, methodological approach

theorised by the social historian Jürgen Kocka. Thus, I rely on the

results provided by the secondary bibliography dedicated to the analysis

of the communist and post - communist textbooks and relate their results

to the pedagogical productions published during interwar time, which,

as stated in the title, represent the core documentary material of my

demonstration. Therefore, I emphasize the argumentative paths visited in

specific textbooks and, where possible, I discuss the public debates they

(have)/generated, or, eventually, compare the discourses promoted in

textbooks with those visited in contemporary press. In this way, one may

gain a better sense about the central role of the textbooks in shaping the

historical consciousness of the masses. I could also examine the

continuities and discontinuities in the views dissiminated by means of

these didactical materials and how they could be shared by different

generations. Finally, my study can reveal the consensus or eventual

disparities when it comes to the meaning and significance attributed to

an event at the level of national historical narrative which had to

periodically be reshape as a consequence of the pressures exercised by

the change in the political regimes.

Keywords: December 1st, national narrative, textbooks, historical

consciousness, interwar Romania, cultural policy.

Sonia-Doris Andraș*

CREATING CITY CHIC.

THE PARISIAN INFLUENCE ON INTERWAR BUCHAREST

FASHION

Abstract: This paper examines the influence of urban fashion ideas

disseminated worldwide from France and how they impacted the

Romanian ideas of style and beauty, as well as the nature of the

communication between Paris and the so-colled ”Little Paris”. My aim

is to decode the interwar Romanian interpretation of the new woman

notion and assess what type of role contemporary French gender

philosophies had played in its creation. For this, I will investigate the

nature of this inter-capital dialogue in order to determine the

intersections and contrasts, which I will integrate within the larger

cultural, social, economic and political context in Romania, France, and

worldwide. I will treat women’s fashion as the materialization of

multiple factors pertaining to interwar Bucharest’s private and public

life habits, as a capital embracing both modernity and tradition with an

original tone. My sources include relevant local, national and

international publications, including periodicals, contemporary books,

guides and memoirs. These will also provide a clearer scope of the

Parisian influence through articles and fashion spreads, but also

through the multitude of ads published throughout interwar Romania.

Furthermore, I will underline the theoretical and aesthetic influence

Romanians had on Parisian fashion from two points of view. The first

will be the case of women used by artists or public and private entities as

models or passive agents in fashion creation and dissemination. I will

use the Miss Romania pageants as a general example, alongside the

more complex story of dancer Lizica Codreanu and her connection to

Constantin Brâncuși and Tristan Tzara, and through him to Sonia

Delaunay. For the second category I will use the example of Alice Cocea

* PhD Candidate, Writing-Up phase, London College of Fashion, University of

the Arts, London.

and Elvire Popesco as movie fashion icons, and of Princess Marthe

Bibesco as both a style influencer and fashion theoretician.

Keywords: interwar, Bucharest, fashion, chic, style, Paris, beauty,

gender.

Corina Hațegan

ISTORIOGRAFIA ROMÂNĂ ÎN PERIOADA REGIMULUI

CEAUȘESCU.

STUDIU DE CAZ: REVISTA „ERA SOCIALISTĂ”

(1980-1989)**

Abstract: The Romanian historiography during the Ceausescu’s

regime. Case study: "Era Socialista" magazine (1980-1989). This study

highlights how propaganda appartus used the Romanian historiography

so as to serve the goals of the communist regime in Romania. In order to

make a point with respect to this topic, I will focus on the articles

published in the "Socialist Era" magazine in the 1980s, and rely on the

studies carried out so far in the field of historiography under the

communist regime.

Keywords: communist magazines, mass-media, Nicolae Ceaușescu,

communist propaganda, Romanian historiography.

Cercetător științific, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș. **

Fragmente din acest studiu au fost utilizate în vederea întregirii unui alt studiu

întitulat „Celebrating the ``unity dream`` in the communist press during

Ceausescu’s regime - between history and personality cult (1980-1989)” și

publicat, în limba engleză, în volumul conferinței Literature, Discourse And

Multicultural Dialogue 6, Târgu Mureș, editura Arhipelag XXI Press, 2018,

eISBN: 978-606-8624-14-3, pp. 163-169.

Cornel Sigmirean*, Aurel Pavel

*

ISTORIE ȘI DIPLOMAȚIE. FUNDAŢIA „GOJDU” ÎNTRE ANII

1996-2008***

Abstract: History and Diplomacy. The „Gojdu” Foundation between

1996-2008. This study aims to highlight the importance of the „Gojdu”

Foundation in terms of promoting Romanian cultural values and

interests. At the same time the paper highlights the contribution of this

foundation to the field of Romanian history and culture. This research

also underlines the difficult track of the Gojdu Foundation which

struggled over the years to maintain its status. A particular interest is

paid to the extraordinary efforts of those who attempted, by means of

diplomacy, to recover the testamentary real estates left by its founder in

Budapest.

Keywords:„Gojdu” Foundation, Emanuil Gojdu, cultural values,

Romanian history, cultural elites.

* Cercetător științific I, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș.

Prof. univ., dr., Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu. ***

Studiul reprezintă un capitol din cartea Elită și națiune. Fundația „Gojdu”

(1871-2008), autori Cornel Sigmirean, Aurel Pavel, aflată în curs de apariție la

Editura ARGONAUT din Cluj-Napoca.

Miscellanea

Eugeniu Nistor*

LUCIAN BLAGA - REPERE BIOGRAFICE

Abstract: Lucian Blaga – Biographical Landmark. As a representative

of the Romanian culture, through his work Lucian Blaga can always be

placed in the spiritual patrimony of humanity. Consequently, the present

study aims to bring to light the biographical landmarks of a Romanian

elite figure who besides his literary works was also prolific in the field of

philosophical thinking by elaboration of a very complex and original

philosophical system.

Keywords: Lucian Blaga, biography, philosophy, Romanian culture,

cultural elites.

Iulian Boldea*

VASILE NETEA – O CONȘTIINȚĂ A VREMURILOR SALE

Abstract: Vasile Netea - A Consciousness of His Time. Vasile Netea's

historical and literary studies have, despite an apparent heterogeneity, a

vision and attitude unit. From the perspective of the preoccupations of

literary history, of a particular importance are the studies consecrated

by Netea to culture and national unity. Vasile Netea's historical and

literary studies are the testimony of a balanced and rigorous spirit, an

* Cercetător științific III, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș. * Cercetător științific III, dr., Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe

Șincai”, Târgu Mureș.

important figure of Romanian historiography and folklore, a moral and

cultural landmark alike.

Keywords: literary studies, culture, history, national unity, folklore.

Nicoleta Sălcudeanu*

DILEMELE IDENTITARE ALE EXILULUI LITERAR

Abstract: Identity Dilemas and the Literary Exil.The problem of the

wandering writer becomes that of the wandering writing. The writer

finds his shelter in difference and double identity. Banishment may be a

new birth, a founding energy. The contemporary cultural orphanage

eludes the terror of temporality, its present state represents an

emancipation from metaphysical oppression and goes straight to

immediacy, that means a new perception of the world, an assumed

banishment and an easy resignation. Ubiquity becomes a way of life.

Keywords: identity, exile, literature, writing, culture.

* Cercetător științific II, Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai”,

Târgu Mureș.