Niculcea Adrian Istoria dogmei trinitare (IV)

8/8/2019 Niculcea Adrian Istoria dogmei trinitare (IV)

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{rgbebln. l edxn (sex ?81, d oerh hn sorlh aelfgese se h{ls}gn mgife}lo {rlh}hdxnxl sx$Ogdldx}xn h{ls}gnhl. ager}h ldanxhde} mh erledlsfxn mlenho}lo en nxl Eh}lx l Hxdgflx 5;10.{ge}h al rhzxfe} d mgx{rl fejgrh: {rlfe ogdseore}s}e}x}xnxl fh}ealzlo en nxl Mxfdhzhx]e}n. ohe mh e mgxe s}e}xnxl Alxnxl$ Oedmlmxs l doh{h h{ls}gne ox g sxoohslxdh mherixfhd}h ngilog&fh}ealzloh s}rdsh d oerh hp{xdh fg}lqhnh axdmefhd}enh {hd}rx oerhdxfel ]e}nxl l sh oxqldh }l}nxn mh Mxfdhzhx emhqre}$ Grloh ihdhrerh. g qhdhreblnxn fhxmrei Qlo}grldxs. hs}h g en}hrerh$ Gr. }g} oh hs}h mlqld hs}h lden}hrebln. emloMxfdhzhx dsxl.Mxfdhzhx oerh hs}h ]e}n. oexze {rlf d }g}xn l d }ge}h$ Meo Mxfdhzhx hs}h ohqedhso`lfb}gr l lden}hrebln. ler ohhe oh hs}h dhso`lfb}gr l lden}hrebln dx hs}h dsox} l dloldx de}h {h oldhqe. meohs}h ee mhol. e}xdol Mxfdhzhx hs}h dhdsox}$ Ool de}hrhe dx hs}hde}hrh (emhqre}, mho} {rld so`lfberh l {rld en}hrerh$ (,Mer ohhe oh hs}h dhdsox} hs}h

l ar doh{x}. ler ohhe oh hs}h ar doh{x} hs}h l ar sarl}$ Ool sarl} dx {ge}h eqhemho} ohhe oh doh{h$ Mer meoMxfdhzhx hs}h ar doh{x} l dlol dx erh sarl}. e}xdol hnhs}h ldaldl}$ Meo hs}h ldaldl}. hn qe al l ldogf{rh`hdslbln. dhoxdgsox}. ldqlzlbln.dhso`lfbebln. lden}hrebln$ Ool {rldol{lx l sarl} dshefd so`lfberh l en}hrerh: ohhe ohhs}h {rldol{lx {hd}rx xdxn hs}h sarl} {hd}rx en}xn$ Mxfdhzhx ds dx hs}h dlflo mld }ge}heohs}he$ Mxfdhzhx hs}h dhso`lfb}gr l lden}hrebln$ Mer. meoMxfdhzhx hs}h ee. hn dlol dxde}h$ Ool e de}h l e al dsox} sxd} s{holl enh en}hrrll l so`lfbrll$ Ne eohes}e sh emexioe de}h dshefde gahrl ohqe ohnxl {h oerh n de}h: grl }g}xn. grl mger g {er}h mld sldh$ Ohn

5;10 [lrrh @emg}. Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs$ ]rel}s }`gngiluxhs sxr ne _eld} ]rldl}$ Ld}rgmxo}lgd.}remxo}lgd h} dg}hs3 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$2=


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3/58

hs}h lf{gslbln s hpls}h lmhd}l}e}h l slfxn}edhl}e}h$ Fel fxn}. haho}xn hs}h ohqe mlahrl} mhqgld l mh eo}$ Ool haho}xn hs}h haho} en eihd}xnxl (en ohnxl oerh sqrh}h eo}xn. d$f$,$Haho}xn dx hs}h ogdsxbs}edlen ox eihd}xn l dx hs}h de}hrh. mer hs}h dsox} {hd}rx o hs}haox} (orhe},$ d}rxo} ohhe oh hs}h dsox} mld Mxfdhzhx hs}h (d rhenl}e}h, xd haho} ler dx gde}hrh. eohs} haho} dx hs}h dlol alnlenl}e}h. dlol alx. dlol fgdgihd. dlol ogdsxbs}edlen. ox e}}fel fxn} ox o} sxbs}ede dx hre do deld}h oe Mxfdhzhx s qrhe s deso ohqe$ Grloh

sxbs}ed hs}h xd haho} en nxl Mxfdhzhx$ Mxfdhzhx mhol dx hs}h sxbs}ed (Haaho}xfdefuxh Mhl hs} gfdls sxbs}ed}le$ Mhxs lil}xr dgd hs} sxbs}ed}le,$ 5;95G en}grlildenl}e}h e nxl Oedmlmxs d re{gr} ox fhd}grll sl d}rx erledlsf. Eh}lx l

Hxdgflx. s{xdh [lrhh @emg}. hs}h ealrfele se oMxfdhzhx ]e}n dx erh sxbs}ed3 hn hs}halld {xr. hpls}hd$ [rlfe sxbs}ed {rg{rlx&zls hs}h Alxn3 hn hs}h {rlfxn haho} en nxlMxfdhzhx. {rlfe orhe}xr hp}res mld dhed}$ 5;92 _xbs}ede. d shdsxn qhrl}ebln en eohs}xloxqd}. hs}h sxblho}$ Gr. ohhe oh hs}h sxblho} dx hs}h slf{nx$ Ool ld}hnlihde (dges}r,.exzldm oxqd}xn sxblho}. shslzhez d eohnel }lf{ l en}ohqe oerh sh ish}h d eohs} sxblho}(e}rlbx}h oerh&l sxd} {rhmloe}h. d$f$,$ Mxfdhzhx hs}h ds slf{nx (d allde se,$ MholMxfdhzhx hs}h ar sxbs}ed$ Mer. meo Mxfdhzhx hs}h ar sxbs}ed. dlflo dx hs}hogdsxbs}edlen ox Mxfdhzhx. o`ler meo ohqe sh fedlahs} sex sh de}h mld hn$ 5;9?Emhqre}xn Mxfdhzhx. eemer. gml`dh}h d sldh qhdlo d dhfloerhe se }g}en.ogdagrfdmx&sh hshdhl senh oerh hs}h lfxebln. lden}hrebln$ Alldm dhdsox}. emlo ar

doh{x}. Mxfdhzhx ]e}n dx oxdge}h dlol sarl}. dlol so`lfberh. mhol dlol de}hrh d alldese ld}lf$ Mer. o`ler meo ef emfl}h. }g}xl. ee ohqe (oe xd anxp. oe g {rglholh. oe grhanholh sex d qrhxd en} fgm gerhoerh,. do`hlh Oedmlmxs. oxf er al eohes}e7 Oe xd}redsahr en xdhl {rl mld}r&xd }g} sex oe xd }redsahr e }g}7 Meoer al mger g {er}h. (de}hrhe,er al g mlfldxerh3 Alxn alldm mger g {er}h e ]e}nxl. Mxfdhzhx hs}h lf{hraho}$ (Meoer al xd}redsahr e }g}, eohes}de}hrh hs}h ldx}lnmhqrhfh oh mld }g} e{erh }g}$ Ool dx hpls}dlol grelxdh {hd}rx oe eohnel s alh dsox} mh xd eohnel ox hn$ Hs}h hqlmhd}. mhol. o ohhe ohqldh mld d en mglnhe rdm {rgqldh mld dgd&hpls}hd}h. o hs}h aox} dx dsox} l o {hd}rx

eohes}e hn dx hs}h ogdsxbs}edlen$ Dx hpls}. eemer. de}hrh d Mxfdhzhx (E Mhg lil}xr dxnneihdhre}lg,$ 5;9=E mgxe ferh }hze nxl Oedmlmxs {erh ssh rhahrh }g} ne Mxfdhzhx ]e}n: Mxfdhzhx

hs}h dhdsox}3 dlflo dx&n {ge}h de}h {h Mxfdhzhx$ Eohes} }hz dx hre ds ogd}hs}e} mhdlfhdl l e}xdol oerh hs}h shdsxn hl l fel enhs en hagr}xnxl mh e rhs{ldih e}}he ogdoh{}h {hoerh xdll nh emfl}hex. }g}xl. d qlr}x}he shmxo}gerhl ngr {x}hrl shfed}loh7 Rs{xdsxn {erh eal o. d rhenl}e}h. eohes} }hzdx sh rhahr ne Mxfdhzhx ]e}n. ol ne Alxn$ _hdsxn hl er al o.meo qrhf dhe{re} s ealrff o Alxn hs}h l hn Mxfdhzhx emhqre}. hs}h lf{gslbln s&gaeohf. d}rxo} Mxfdhzhlrhe emhqre}dx hs}h ihdhre}mh dlflo. dx {ge}h eqhe qrhg oexzldmlahrhd} oerh er al eohhe$ Fel d}l g orl}lo mh {rldol{lx nhie} mh lmhhe mh oexzenl}e}h.ldmlahrhd} mh fgmxn eohs}hle: d}r&emhqr. zloh hn. dlol sxbs}ede. dlol sxbs}edlenl}e}he. dlol

hpls}hd}xn. dlol hd}l}e}he. dlol hpls}hde. dlol hpls}hdlenl}e}he. dlol {g}hde dx n&ex {x}x}{rhohme {h Mxfdhzhx$ Ool oldh hs}h fel {x}hrdlo mho} Mxfdhzhx7 _ alh {g}hde.hpls}hde. sxbs}ede. hpls}hd}xn7 Mer }ge}h eohs}h rhenl}l sxd} gr allde se dsl. gr sxd}e{rx}h mx{hn$ Ool hn nh {rgmxoh$ _emfl}hf. }g}xl. ohnh&l sxd} ed}hrlgerh$ Odm s&er al`g}r} s aeo. d sarl}. eohs} nxorx. oxf er al {x}x} hnh s&g aeo7 Ool hnh dx sxd} dlol{hraho}h dlol ex}g&ogds}l}xl}h% Oxf er al {x}x} s&n deso {h Mxfdhzhx. hnh oerh sxd}

5;95 Oedmlmxs Erledxn. Em Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs r`h}grhf mh ihdhre}lgdh mlqlde. 03 d _gxrohso`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$55


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lf{hraho}h {h Hn ohn oerh hs}h {hraho}7 Meo. mlf{g}rlq. s&er {rhsx{xdh oMxfdhzhx hs}hlf{hraho}. dlol g relxdh {hd}rx hnh mh e de}h ohqe oh mhje hpls}e $ Eohnel relgdefhd} l{hd}rx oezxn d oerh. alldm hnh {hraho}h. er al }rhbxl} s&n deso{h Hn ohn {hraho}$ [hraho}h sexlf{hraho}h. e&n de}h {h Mxfdhzhx er al {hd}rx }ge}h eohs}he xd nxorx grl ar relxdh. grlldx}ln. grl lf{gslbln$ 5;98 Mld}rh eohs}h fgmenl}l mh e de}h. {h oerh Oedmlmxs nh e}eoe{glrdm {h rdm. xd ld}hrhs e{er}h n rh{rhzld}ohe mh {g}hd. oe}higrlh erls}g}hnlofejgr3 qe

al ohe {h oerh emqhrserxn sx. Qlo}grldxs. g qe agngsl xn}hrlgr d olxme }x}xrgr orl}lolngr senh o}sh {ge}h mh {hr}ldhd}h$ _h s{xdh. zloh hn. o {g}hde ({g}hd}le, hs}h ohqe ed}hrlgrhpls}hd}xnxl$ Mer ar eo} sex eolxdh. {g}hde dx {ge}h {erqhdl. {rld he dsl. ne e eal&ohqe&edxfh. he alldm {g}hd dx eo}. {g}hd ldoe{eblnmh ihdhrerhe e grloh en}ohqe. ox e}} fel{xld e nxl Mxfdhzhx (_hm ld l{sxf hssh enluxlm sldh eo}x h} g{hre}lgdh dgd {hrqhdl}{g}hd}le l{se {hr shfh} l{sef. oxf sl} {g}hd}le. dgd eo}lg. dgd {g}hd}laloe}e {g}hd}le ldihdhre}lgdhf enloxlxs. dhmxf ld Mhl,$ Ool ar eo} {g}hde rfdh ohhe oh hs}h. alld d{g}hd (Fedh} hdlf {g}hd}le ld hg uxgm hs}h {g}hd}lenl}hr hssh. sldh eo}lgdh,$ Oxf er {x}heal. mhol. Mxfdhzhx dsox}7 Mxfdhzhx hs}h. eemer. dhdsox} (Xdmh lil}xr de}xs Mhxs7Ldihdl}xs lil}xr Mhxs,$ 5;91

Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx dx hs}h. eemer. xd Mxfdhzhx qhrl}ebln mld fgfhd} oh erh goexz. emlomhgerhoh dx hs}h dhdsox} eshfhdhe nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ Alxn dsdx hs}h xddsox} mld ]e}n ol xd aox} {hd}rx o de}hrhe dsl hs}h ldogf{e}lbln ox hshdeqhdlo lfxeblne nxl Mxfdhzhx$ Eqdm dsg oexz. hn dx hs}h dlol foer ogdsxbs}edlen oxgrlildhe se. emloox ohn oh er al {x}x} s&n ihdhrhzh. mhgerhoh hn dx hs}h xd dsox} mld ]e}nol xd aox}: Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx. oerh hs}h >Ngigsxn eane} ne Mxfdhzhx4. Llsxs @rls}gs>{rld oerh }ge}h ex ags} aox}h l ar mh oerh dlflo dx e ags} aox} (Lged L. 5,4. hs}h haho}xn{rlfxnxl l emhqre}xnxl Mxfdhzhx. mer dx {rld de}hrh mld Mxfdhzhx ol {rld nxorerhe nxlMxfdhzhx (dhuxh ihdhre}lgdh e Mhg. shm g{hre}lgdh e Mhg. hs}h {rlfxf g{xs h} {rldol{enhMhl, $ 5;99 d}r&emhqr. hn dx hs}h mld allde ]e}nxl. ol mld dlflo$ Hs}h o} sh {ge}h mhhqlmhd} oohn oerh qldh oe xd en mglnhe {rgqldh mld ohnh oh d&ex ags} ( mld dgd&hpls}hd}h,. o

hn hs}h mhol aox} dx dsox}. l {hd}rx eohes}e o hn dx hs}h ogdsxbs}edlen (Lm hs}hfedlahs}xf. uxgdlef. uxgm shoxdmxf hs}. hp `ls hs}. uxeh dgd axhrxd}$ Aeo}xf hs} hrig. dgdde}xf h} lmolrog dgd ogdsxbs}ed}lenh,$ 5;90l {rgqldh mld dgd&hpls}hd}h. mld ohnh oh d&exags} (hp `ls. uxeh dgd axhrxd}, {hd}rx o }g} oh hs}h oexze} hs}h d fgm dhohser mlahrl} mhoexze se mlqld$ Alldm mlahrl}. haho}xn dx qe al dlolgme}ogdsxbs}edlen ox grlildhe sex oexzese$

Eohes} mlahrhd ae mh Mxfdhzhx ]e}n. hqlmhd} sxb es{ho}xn hshdhl senh dre{gr} ox ohe e ]e}nxl. sh qe hp}ldmh l esx{re de}xrll eo}lql}ll senh {rld ogf{erelh ox ohe e]e}nxl$ _xb es{ho}xn eo}lql}ll d sldh mer dxfel sxb eohs} es{ho} dx hs}h dlol g mlahrhd

d}rh ]e}n l Alxn: >Mxfdhzhx l&e me} nxl. d}r&emhqr. xd dxfh fel {rhsxs mh grloh en}dxfh (Alnl{hdl LL. {rld oerh }ge}h s&ex aox} (Lged L. ?,4. emlol hn e aox} ohnh oh hpls}mlddgd&hpls}hd}h (@go ex}hf h} Lhsxs. {hr uxhf aeo}e sxd} gfdle. `go hs} hp `ls uxeh dgd sxd}.he uxeh sxd}. haahol},$ Mhol. d fsxre d oerh Llsxs hs}h orhe}grxn ohngr hpls}hd}h {nhodm

5;98 Oedmlmxs Erledxn. Em Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs r`h}grhf mh ihdhre}lgdh mlqlde. 53 d _gxrohso`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$5;9

5;91 Oedmlmxs Erledxn. Em Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs r`h}grhf mh ihdhre}lgdh mlqlde. 53 d _gxrohso`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$5;hn hs}h d ]e}n l ]e}n hs}h d hn (Lged PLQ. 5;,4 l >ohl mgl xde sxd}(Lged P. ?;,4. }ge}h eohs}he dsdxfel mx{nxorerh (Ld uxg lil}xr Lhsxs haaho}gr hs}h hgrxfuxeh sxd}. mh `ls uxeh dgd sxd}. shoxdmxf g{hre}lgdhf h} ld {e}rh hs} l{sh h} ld l{sg hs}

{e}hr h} efbg xdxf sxd},$ 5;9< Mlahrhde e{erh ds e}xdol odm qgrblf mhs{rh{hraholxdhe rhzxn}e}xnxl eo}lql}ll ohngr mgl: Hpls} g mlahrhd d}rh ahnxn d oerhMxfdhzhx n&e aox} {h Llsxs ebsgnx} {hraho}. l ahnxn d oerh e aox} Llsxs orhe}xrlnh. o`ler meo

nh&e aox} {hraho}h$ d fsxre ds d oerh hn (Alxn, dx {ge}h d eohnel ahn. hs}h ogdslmhre}mlahrl} (Ld uxg ex}hf dgd lmhf {g}hs}. x} en}hr eool{l}xr,$ d}r&emhqr. hn dx erh agre mh e aeohxd en}xn ebsgnx} {hraho} (Dgd hdlf enlxm gfdlfgmls {hraho}xf g{hrerl qenh},$ l dlol dx {ge}heolgde {rld eolxdhe se {rg{rlh dlol {rld qglde se {rg{rlh. ol qrhe eohnhel nxorxrl oe ]e}n(_hm dhuxh {rg{rle g{hre}lgdh g{hre}xr dhuxh {rg{rle qgnxd}e}h. shm hemhf qxn}. uxeh [e}hr,$Hn dsxl. mhl eqhe {rg{rle qgld. e s{xs }g}xl: >Mer dx oxf qrhex hx. ol oxf qrhl ]x(Fe}hl PPQL. 2


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bnes{`hfle {nhdxf. uxgdlef ls}h s{lrl}xs ld sedo}laloe}lgdhf hs} h} }ed}xffgmg uxl mgohe}h} uxgdlef h} l{sh aeo}xs hs} slox} gfdle orhe}xre,$ 5;0? Hs}h {gslbln oe eohs}h rdmxrl sdxsh rhahrh ne dq}xre mlrho} e nxl Oedmlmxs mhs{rh Mx`xn _ad}. ol ne dq}xre erled dihdhren$ Mlsoxllnh ngr {er e sh al rhahrl} mger ne rhnele Alxnxl ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ Hs}h oner

ds o. eshfhdhe }x}xrgr erlhdlngr. Oedmlmxs dqe l hn mhs{rh Mx`xn _ad} o eohs}e dxhs}h en}ohqe mho} g orhe}xr e Alxnxl. e orhl sldixr axdolh hs}h eohhe mh e fr}xrlsl oh e

exzl} mh ne Alxn l e rs{dml {hs}h e{gs}gnl l {hs}h d}rheie Blshrlosaldhdle Alxnxl$ ]hp}xnnxl Qlo}grldxs hs}h g fr}xrlh sxalolhd}$[lrrh @emg} aeoh xrf}gerhe {rholzerh d nhi}xr ox eohs} es{ho}: Qlo}grldxs

rhs{ldih re{lm gefhdll oerh s{xd oMx`xn _ad} hs}h g orhe}xrhp{xddmx&l {rg{rle }hgrlhe re{gr}xnxl mld}rh l{gs}eshnh mlqldh$ Enxzle ne eohl gefhdl oerh zlo o Mx`xn hs}h gorhe}xr l qlzhez {h erlhdl: dx {h Oedmlmxs. oerh dx qgrblsh mhs{rh eohes}e. ol {h erlhdllfg}hdl}grl el ogdolnlxnxl mh ne Rlfldl mld}rh oerh Ihrfldlxs mh _lrflxf {ge}h al xd bxdhphf{nx$ Flslxdhe sedo}laloe}gerh l dq}gerh e Mx`xnxl _ad} sh rhish}h }remllgden

d }ge}h slfbgnxrlnh mh orhmld doh{dm ox Hdohhdhnh (?=5,. ox ogdolnlxn mh ne _ermloe(?=9,$ Fhmllnh erlhdh rhlex eohs}h hp{rhsll l nh emexi mhdxflrhe mh orhe}xr. oxf aeohIhrfldlxs. h{lsog{ erled mh _lrflxf. d mlsoxle se ox @hreonledxs: Eohs} (Mx` _ad}, hs}h{rlfe l ohe fel ferh nxorerh e ]e}nxl (rhenlze}, {rld Alxnxl. orhe} {rld Alxnxl. sad} {rldde}xre se. {gshmdm {x}hrhe mh e saldl. oe s&l saldheso d fgm slf{nx {h ohl oerh orhm d]e}n {rld Alxn Mgfdxn l Mxfdhzhxn dgs}rx Llsxs @rls}gs l s&l dqhh. s&l aeo{r}el ls nh nxfldhzh sxanh}hnh (@lo (_{lrl}xs _edo}xs,hs} {rlfxs h} felxs {e}rls {hr alnlxf g{xs.orhe}xf {hr alnlxf. de}xre sedo}xf. sedo}laloed}hf {gsslmhds qlr}x}hf. x} sedo}laloh}slf{nlol}hr orhmhd}hs ld {e}rhf {hr alnlxf mgfldxf h} mhxf dgs}rxf Lhsxf O`rls}xf h} x}mgohe} h} ogffgdhe} h} lnnxfldh} edlfes hgrxf, ([N _x{{n$ L. ogn$ ?=8,$ 5;0=

2$ Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs$

Qlo}grldxs hs}h xd bxd oxdgso}gr en alngzgalhl irhoh}l$ Hn l rs{xdmh nxl Oedmlmxs{rld}r&g h{ls}gn {h oerh g rhmeo}hez {rld ?89&?80 d oerh erixfhd}erhe se doh{h {rld es}eblnl oh hs}h Mxfdhzhx d re{gr} ox ohnh hpls}hd}h$ (Mxfdhzhx d oenl}e}h mh, oexzhs}h oexd hpls}hd}. mer xd hpls}hd} {hd}rx oerh hpls}hde hs}h doohqe qll}gr$ Mer {rld dsxl ae{}xno hs}h oexz. oexze hs}h fel {rhsxs mh ohnh oerh ox emhqre} hpls}$ Mhol. {hd}rx o he dxhs}h do xd hpls}hd}. he hs}h xd dgd hpls}hd}$ [h mh en} {er}h. {hd}rx o he hs}h oexzehpls}hd}xnxl. sh dxfh}h {h mrh{} {rh&hpls}hd} (qhrh mlol}xr,$ Hs}h relxdhe {hd}rx oerhMxfdhzhx hs}h oexze l e ohngr oerh mhje hpls}l e ohngr oerh dodx hpls}$ Mxfdhzhxhs}h fel {rhsxs mh ohhe oh hpls}l. oe fel {rhsxs mh hn. Mxfdhzhx hs}h dxfl} dgd&hpls}hd}( mhxs mlol}xr,. mer dx {rld {rlqerh mh }g} oh hpls}. ol oe xd hpls}hd} mlahrl} (x} enlxm ,.

oerh hs}h hn dsxl dgd&hpls}hd}. hn dgd&hpls}dm d re{gr} ox hpls}hdhnh oh xrfhezse{er.hpls}dm ds d oenl}e}h mh oexz e de}hrll ngr$ (,Hs}h mhol dhohser s s{xdhf o. {rldsx{hrlgrl}e}h l {rhhfldhd d re{gr} ox }ge}h ohnh oh hpls}. Mxfdhzhx hs}h mhesx{rehpls}hdhl xdlqhrsenh. fel {rhsxs mh qlee xdlqhrsen. fel {rhsxs mh oxdge}hrhe xdlqhrsen.fel {rhsxs mh hpls}hd} l mh ohnh oerh ox emhqre} hpls}$ Ool hn hs}h ld}hnlilbln. ldaldl}.ldqlzlbln. ldogdoh{}lbln. ar sxbs}ed. lf{gslbln mh oxdgsox}3 l {hd}rx o hs}h mhesx{re e}g}. hn dx hs}h dlflo mld ohnh oh hpls}l {hd}rx o hs}h mhesx{re ohngr oh hpls}. hn dx erhdlflo mld ohnh oh hpls}$ Mxfdhzhx hs}h mhol dgd&hpls}hd} ( hrig mhxs hs},$ 5;08

5;0? Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs. Em Oedmlmxf erledxf. ?53 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$ 59?5;0= [lrrh @emg}. Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs$ ]rel}s }`gngiluxhs sxr ne _eld} ]rldl}$ Ld}rgmxo}lgd.

}remxo}lgd h} dg}hs3 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$19 3 {er}he e LL&e. {$9?;5;08 Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs. Em Oedmlmxf erledxf. ?. =. 5?3 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 10. {er}he L. {$

5?9. 5=


7/58

Qlo}grldxs e}eo es}ahn {rldol{ene mls}ldolh mh oerh sh agngshex erlhdll l oerh hs}haxdmefhd}enl d h{ls}gne nxl Oedmlmxs. eohhe mld}rh allde mlqldl dhed}3 agngsldmx&sh mhogdslmhrellnh dhg{ne}gdloh {h }hfe dglxdll mh oexz. hn lmhd}lalo {xr l slf{nx ohnh mgxdglxdl. eqdm dsirlj s s{holaloh odhed}xn mh oerh qgrbh}h dx hs}h ohn {rld {rlqelxdh.emlo dhed}xn ebsgnx}. ol dhed}xn d shds sx{hrlgr. mhshfddm emlo g rhenl}e}h sx{hrlger}x}xrgr ohngr oh hpls} d nxfhe orhe} (Mxfdhzhx hs}h dxfl} dgd&hpls}hd}. mer dx {rld

{rlqerh mh }g} oh hpls}. ol oe xd hpls}hd} mlahrl},$ Mld eohes} oexz hn hs}h ed}hrlgr }x}xrgrohngr oh hpls}: hs}h {rh&hpls}hd}$Mx{ oh e lmhd}laloe} {h Mxfdhzhx ox ohhe oh {rh&hpls} d re{gr} ox }ge}h

hpls}hdhnh orhe}h. emlo ox g hpls}hden}ahn mho} hpls}hde ohngr orhe}h. Qlo}grldxs }rhoh nesxblho} l e{nloeohes}lmhd}laloerh ne rhnele ]e}nxl ox Alxn {hd}rx e hp{nloe eo}xn de}hrll dnlfl}hnh ogdsxbs}edlenl}ll ohngr mgl$ d hshd. hn e{hnhez mh me}e eohes}e ne fh}ealzloeerls}g}hnlo l rhzhrq ]e}nxl hpls}hd}xn d {g}hd. ler Alxnxl hpls}hd}xn d eo}. hpls}hd}xn{rg{rlx&zls. de}hrhe mhqhdldm g eo}xenlzerh e hpls}hd}xnxl {g}hdlen$ MeoMxfdhzhx ]e}nhpls} deld}h oe hn s alh hpls}hd}. hs}h {hd}rx o allde hs}h ogdoh{x} oe alldm {g}hdehpls}hd}xnxl (_l [e}hr Mhxs. ed}huxef hs} . hssh {g}hd}le eool{l}xr l{slxs uxgm hs},$ Oxemhqre}. eohs} hpls}hd} e s}rnxol} {rld {rg{rle {x}hrh ({g}hd,. eohhe oerh hs}h d ]e}n sx.hpls}hd}xn d sldh. {de}xdol esoxds. doh{dm es}ahn ssh fedlahs}h (Uxgm uxlmhf esxe {g}hd}le ld sxg [e}rh hpslnxl}. l{sxf fedlahs}e}lgdhf eool{lhds. uxgm axlssh}gooxn}xf,$ Eohes}e hs}h de}hrhe mlqld l ldhaebln (H} ls}e mlqlde h} ldhaaeblnls ihdhre}lghs},$ ]rhbxlh mhol smls}rxihf g{ldle ogdagrf orhle Llsxs {rgqldh mld ohnh oh dx hpls}(mlddhed},$ Ngigsxn hs}h. eemer. {x}hrhe ({g}hde, eo}xed} oerh sh flo{hd}rx e aeoh s alh

d eo} ohhe oh hre mger d {g}hd ( lil}xr eo}lqe {g}hd}le hs} h} ld fg}x h} uxehogds}l}xe}. x} sl} eo}lgdh. uxgm axl} {g}hd}le,$ (,Mer {hd}rx oallde d sldh. oerh xrfhezssh fl}h l sidmheso. emlosmhqldeo}lq. hs}h {rlfe oe {g}hd me. qgl s{xdh {rlfeoe {g}hd orhe}gerh xrfhez ox dhohsl}e}h o allde d sldh hs}h ed}hrlger (_hm uxgdlefhssh l{sxf. uxgm hs} fgqhrl h} ld}hnnhihrh. `go hs} eihrh. {rlfxf hs} {g}hd}le h} ogs}l}x}lqe

{g}hd}le {rlfxf. lduxef. hs}. dhohsserlg lil}xr l{sxf hssh {rehohml},$ Eemer. ohhe oh shflo. ohhe oh idmh}h. ohhe oh eolgdhez{rgqldh mld allde (d {g}hd,$ Ohhe oh hpls} deo} hs}h mhol shoxdm. hs}h alx (Hs} ex}hf shoxdmxf uxgm hs} ld eo}x hssh. `go hs} alnlxf hssh,$Alxn l ]e}n sxd} lmhd}lol l eohes}e ox e}} fel fxn} ox o} eohes} alld d sldh oerh hs}h]e}n. {rld o`ler ae{}xn o hs}h alld. hs}h eolxdh l nxorerh$ Ool ne Mxfdhzhx e al l eeolgde sxd} xdxn l eohnel nxorx$ Eohes} alldhs}h xd l slf{nl }g}mhexde xd l sldixr$d ]e}n hs}h Alxn l d Alxn ]e}n$ 5;01 Qlo}grldxs lidgrelol ogf{nh} gblhole nxl Oedmlmxs{g}rlql} orhle {g}hde dx {ge}h al {rlf. ol shoxdmd re{gr} ox eo}xn$

E{hndm ne mls}ldole erls}g}hnlo mld}rh {g}hd l eo} Qlo}grldxs rhxh}h smhfgds}rhzh. d aldh. fxn} rqdl}e ogdsxbs}edlenl}e}h e Alxnxl ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ Oxf7Mhonerdm oohhe oh ]e}n hs}h d {g}hdhs}h Alxn d eo}$ Ool. s{xdh hn. ohhe oh hs}h fel{rhsxs mh hpls}hd} hs}h hpls}hd}xn esoxds (Uxgm hdlf sx{re hs}. ebsogdml}xs hs},$ Merfedlahs}erhe e ohhe oh hs}h esoxds hs}h de}hrhe sex. meo qrhl fel fxn}. hpls}hd}xn d{g}hd de}h hpls}hd}xn d eo} (Ebsogdml}l qhrg fedlahs}e}lg ihdhre}lg hs}. sluxlmhf h}{g}hd}le g{hre}lgdh ihdhre},$ Ool dlflo dx hs}h dsox} ar g oexz$ l meoMxfdhzhx hs}h oexze e }ge}h. hn hs}h oexze l e de}hrll ohnxl hpls}hd} (e Alxnxl,. alldm fel{rhsxs mh hn l }g}xl d ogd}eo} ox hn oe }e} l dso}gr en sx$ d}r&emhqr. ohe oerh hs}h

dsrolde} 5;09 {gshm. esoxds d he. {h ohn oerh xrfhez s&n deso$ A}xn. d}r&emhqr. dxhs}h ldhpls}hd} deld}h mh e al dsox}. mer hn hs}h esoxds. ler {rld de}hrh lhsh en qhmhrh. hn

5;01 Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs. Em Oedmlmxf erledxf. 51. 59. 5


8/58

hpls}hd}xn d eo} oerh {d e}xdol axshsh mger xd hpls}hd} d {g}hd3 sex. {hd}rx e s{xdh lfel {g}rlql}. hpls}hd}xn lhsh ne qhmhrh {rld {rg{rlxn sx eo} mh hpls}hd} (d {g}hd, (Dgd hdlfah}xs dgd hs} ed}h {er}xf. shm ld gooxn}g hs} h} ihdhre}lgdh {rgqhdl} ld fedlahs}e}lgdhf g{hre}lgdh uxgm axl} {g}hd}le. h} x}. uxgm qhrxf hs}. mloef. g{hre}lgdh ,$Ool eo}xn de}h d eaer (h}hdlf agrls g{hre}lg ihdhre},$ Oh de}h7 Ohhe oh hre d ld}hrlgr(Uxlm ex}hf ihdhre}7 Uxgm axl} ld}xs,$ Mer oh hre d ld}hrlgrxn nxl Mxfdhzhx7 Dlflo en}ohqe

mho} hpls}hd}xn. emhqre}xn hpls}hd}. mer fel mhireb{rh&hpls}hd}xn oerh hs}h fel {rhsxs mhhpls}hd}xnxl ihd sx{rhf l e hpls}hd}hngr qhrl}eblnh l oerh dx mhqldh hpls}hd} mho} e}xdolodm {g}hde mhqldh eo} (Uxlm lil}xr axl} ld}xs Mhg7 Dl`ln enlxm uxef . qhrxf .feils ex}hf . uxgm hs} sx{re ihdhrenh ihdxs. uxgm sx{re . lefg{hred}h {h}hd}le,$ Eohs}e hs}h Llsxs @rls}gs. ool hn l&e zls nxl dsxl: >Meo }h qgr d}rhbeoldh }h&e }rlfls. s{xdhnh: Ohn&Oh&Hs}h (Hpgm PPPLLL. 5?,4$ Ool dxfel Ohn&Oh&Hs}h hs}heohs} hpls}hd} oerh {xrxrl hpls} (@lo hs} Lhsxs O`rls}xs$ Mlpl} hdlf l{sh: sl ld}hrrgieqhrl}:uxls flsl}7 mlol}g $ _gnxf hdlf lnnxm sh{fhr . hs},$ (,Meohs}h ee. {h mh g{er}h Llsxs dx qldh mld dhed}. ool mld allde e{rx} eo}xn. mhqrhfh oh eo}xn dsxl {rhhpls}emhje d alld (oe {g}hd. d$f$, (Lm sl l}e hs}. dhuxh hp dl`lng Lhsxs. uxle eb hg uxgm hs} hssh.e{{erxl} eo}lg. oxf l{se eo}lg h} ld hg axl}. uxgm hs} hssh,3 {h mh en}{er}h. dx {ge}h al dhie}ogdoh{}xn mh ogdsxbs}edlen ool. {hd}rx efdmgl (emlo e}} {hd}rx ]e}n o} l {hd}rx Alxn.d$f$,. xdlo hs}h allde (d {g}hd,. oerh hs}h sxbs}edlenxn. l xdlo hs}h eo}xn. mhqrhfh ohallde d sldh l eo}xn d sldh sxd}. {rlfxn (allde d {g}hd. d$f$,. l eolxdh. ler en mglnhe(eo}xn. d$f$, l alld ({g}hd. d$f$, (dhuxh dgd . uxle hssh. uxgm sxbs}ed}lenh hs}.xdxf x}rluxh hs} y} xde eo}lg. uxl{{h oxf l{sxf hssh hh} eihrh l{sxf h} eihrh h} hssh,$ 5;00

Oxf sh {ge}h dsqgrbl mh ogdsxbs}edlen d ogdmlllnh d oerh Oedmlmxs er}esh oMxfdhzhx hs}h fel {rhsxs mh sxbs}ed. ogrloh sxbs}ed hs}h xd haho}. emlo ohqe mlahrl}mh {rg{rle&l hshdldhaebln7 Qlo}grldxs dx m de{gl d aee eohs}hl {x}hrdloh gblholl erlhdhl s{xdh: Oxf {ge}h al (]e}n, ogdsxbs}edlen meodx hpls} do sxbs}ede (ohngr ihdhre}hmh hn. d$f$,7 Dxfhnh ({h oerh dgl l nh e}rlbxlf nxl Mxfdhzhx. d$f$, sxd} isl}h l {rhnxe}h

mld mgfhdlxn nxorxrlngr oerh&l sxd} {gs}hrlgerh. en nxorxrlngr oerh sxd} xn}hrlgerh d re{gr} oxMxfdhzhx$ l {hd}rx o dx hs}h {gslbln s sh isheso xd dxfh mhfd mh Mxfdhzhx. dhshrqlf mh nxorxrl oerh dh sxd} oxdgsox}h {hd}rx e&n dxfl {h Mxfdhzhx. eqdm d fld}h ds }g} }lf{xn ogd}llde o dx agngslf }hrfhdll d shdsxn ngr {rg{rlx$ Ee hs}h. s{rh hphf{nx.odm s{xdhf: Mxfdhzhx }rlh}h. Mxfdhzhx idmh}h. Mxfdhzhx {rhqhmh3 n dxflf {hMxfdhzhx {nhodm mh ne {rg{rllnh dges}rh eo}h$ Hn ds hs}h fel {rhsxs mh }ge}h. hn hs}h sexfel mhireb dx hs}h. mer hs}h oe l oxf er al3 es}ahn hn dx hs}h xd hpls}hd} (d ahnxn dgs}rx{rg{rlx. d$f$,. ol eshfhdhe xdxl hpls}hd}$ Eohnel hs}h l ahnxn d oerh l e}rlbxlf nxlMxfdhzhx sxbs}edsex hpls}hdl odm n dxflf allde sxbs}ed. mhl hn sh re{gr}hez neallde se mh g fedlhrox }g}xn mlahrl}mh eohhe e sxbs}edhl$ (,d ohhe oh {rlqh}h de}hrhehs}h hqlmhd} o (@rls}gs, hs}h Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx l o hl (@rls}gs l ]e}n, sxd}ogdsxbs}edlenl. sxbs}ede sxbdhnhes elol d shdsxn dgbln en eohs}xl }hrfhd eqdm xd shdslf{rg{rlx. (Mxfdhzhx, dhalldm sxbs}edmho} oe alld$ Ef mhfgds}re} es}ahn oxf hs}h Alxnogdsxbs}edlen$ 5;0


9/58

en}hrerh l hs}h lf{gslbln sogdoh{hf g en}hrerh d Mxfdhzhx l nl{sl} mh hqneqlh o`ler l sqgrblf mhs{rh ee ohqe. xrfhez ox dhohsl}e}h o hs}h lf{gslbln oe mld Mxfdhzhx s shdesoohqe {rld ihdhrerh (sl ex}hf ihdhre}lg fg}xs h} fg}xs ldfx}e}lg. ldfx}e}lgdhf ex}hfhssh ld mhg lf{gslblnh hs} ld}hnnhihrh. dhaes mlohrh. dhohssh hs} e Mhg dl`ln hssh ihdhre}lgdhilidlblnh,$ ]x orhzl es}ahn oel do`ls ohroxn mhfgds}relhl }enh. {rlh}hdh Oedmlmxs$ Mer. gerh.o`ler n&el do`ls7 ]x zlol:Mxfdhzhx n&e aox} (n&e orhe}, {h Llsxs$ Hl bldh. mer e aeoh dx hs}h g

floerh7 Mhslixr. dx fel {xld mho} e eolgde$ Hpls} dsg en}hrerh l d e aeoh (e orhe,.meo hpls} g floerh d e eolgde$ Gr. e eolgde dshfd e aeoh l e aeoh dshefd eeolgde% Meo efdmgx lf{nlo floerh. xrfhez ox dhohsl}e}h en}hrerhe. ohhe oh dxogdqldh nxl Mxfdhzhx. ee oxf s&e ealrfe} mhje$ Dx dh rfdh mho} s emfl}hf grl oe

aeoh (e orhe, dx hs}h g floerh. grl odx grloh floerh hs}h l g en}hrerh$ Mer e aeoh (e orhe,hs}h g floerh l Mxfdhzhx e aox}(nxfhe. d$f$, {rld}r&g floerh. hn orxle l hs}h ebsgnx}lf{gslbln s sh en}hrhzh d grloh ahn ef dhnhih eohs} ogdoh{}$ Rfdh. eemer. odx grlohfloerh hs}h l g en}hrerh$ Mer. meo dx grloh floerh hs}h l g en}hrerh. oh qgf {rhahre ox{rlqlrh ne Llsxs7 Os&e dsox} sex oe ags} aox} (orhe},7 Oe ags} dsox}. {g}rlql} oxdge}hrll{h oerh g eqhf mhs{rh nxorxrlnh mlqldh$ Ool meoMxfdhzhx aeoh l d eohnel }lf{ irlh}h.}g} ohhe oh aeoh. o`ler l slf{ne irlrh. qe al g floerh d re{gr} ox nldl}he {rhhpls}hd}$ Mermeo Mxfdhzhx n&e aox} {h Oxqd}xn. Oxqd}xn e hpls}e} deld}h mh e al ags} aox}$ MeoOxqd}xn hpls}e mldeld}h. e hpls}e} ogdagrf de}hrll$ Ool Dgxs&xn (Fld}he dx {ge}h, de}h(mho}, xd Oxqd}$ [rld de}hrh hpls}. eemer. Llsxs. mhqrhfh oh hn hs}h Ngigsxn$ 5;deld}he }x}xrgr nxorxrlngr4. deld}heqhrl}eblnhngr hpls}hdh l deld}he hpls}hdhngr {xr l slf{nx. oe {rlfxn hpls}hd} mld oerh.> {rld oerh4. >d oerh4 sxd} }ge}h ohnh oh hpls}$ Mld oexze eohnxle (e ]e}nxl. d$f$,hpls}hd}xn d eo} hs}h lfeildhe eohs}xl hpls}hd} (d {g}hd. oerh hs}h ]e}n. d$f$,. oerh. alldmfel fxn} {g}hd. ar s les eaer mld hn dsxl. rfdh qhdlo d sldh$ 5;


10/58

meo sxd} ogdslmhrel sxb es{ho}xn fel s{holen en slf{nl}ll$ Meo allde d sldh hs}h oexzeeo}xnxl. e eolgde dshefd e de}h {rld ld}hrfhmlxn alldhl (d {g}hd,$ Gr. allde (d{g}hd, hs}h ]e}n. ler eo}xn (sex allde d eo}. d$f$, hs}h Alxn (Hssh ex}hf [e}hr hs}. g{hrerlhrig Alnlxs,$ 5;


11/58

?$ Xrferhe mls{x}hl$

Oedmlmxs d&e ags} fxnxfl} mh rs{xdsxn {h oerh Ferlxs Qlo}grldxs n&e me}erixfhd}hngr senh mlenho}loh {hdh}red}h$ H{ls}gnhl {h oerh l&g }rlflshsh hn l&e emxie} xn}hrlgrmgx hp}resh: xde mld h{ls}gne {h oerh ferhnh Erlh e }rlfls&g ne rdmxn sx nxl Hxshblx enDlogflmlhl l en}e e nxl Hxshblx o}rh [exnld mh ]|r$ d {rlfe Erlh. gf mh g ld}hnlihd

{hdh}red} mx{ e{rholhrhe nxl Oedmlmxs. sh mhoner {hrshox}e} mh o}rh h{lsog{xn sx.Enhpedmrx en Enhpedmrlhl. {hd}rx o rhs{ldihe dq}xre {xbnlo e eohs}xle {g}rlql} orhleMld}g}mhexde hs}h Mxfdhzhx (]e}n,. mld}g}mhexde hs}h l Alxn (shf{hr mhxs. shf{hr alnlxs,3

d eohnel }lf{ hs}h ]e}n. d eohnel }lf{ hpls} l Alxn (slfxn {e}hr. slfxn alnlxs,3 Alxnoghpls} ox ]e}n oe dhdsox} (ogdsxbsls}l} ldihdl}h alnlxs {e}rl,3 hn hs}h mld}g}mhexde dsox}(shf{hr ihdl}xs hs},3 hn hs}h dhdsox}xn&dsox} (ldihdl}gihdl}xs hs},$ Mxfdhzhx (]e}n, dx&n{rhohmh {h Alxn dlol foer g sldixr onl{. dlol foer d idmlrh (dhuxh emld}hnnhihd}ledhuxh hplixg enluxg {rehohml} mhxs alnlxf,3 qhdlo hs}h Mxfdhzhx. qhdlo hs}h l Alxn(shf{hr mhxs. shf{hr alnlxs,3 Alxn hs}h mld Mxfdhzhx dsxl (hp l{sg hs} mhg alnlxs,$ Eohes}oghpls}hd e Alxnxl ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n sxsldx} {h agdmxn ealrfrll slfxn}edh e de}hrllsenh mld ]e}n l sh {erh nxl Erlh g ogd}remlolh ngilomh dhmh{l}$ Mxfdhzhx ohn aroexz

{rhhpls}Alxnxl (uxgm {rehhpls}l} mhxs alnlg sldh {rldol{lg,$ Alxn dx hs}h dlol dhdsox}. dlolg {er}h e ohnxl dhdsox} ldmlahrhd} mh fgm. dlol hp}res mld}r&xd sxblho}. ol sxbzls}{rld qgldel idmlrhe nxl Mxfdhzhx deld}he }lf{xrlngr l e hgdlngr oe mxfdhzhx mh{nld. fgdgihd llden}hrebln (Uxgdlef alnlxs dgd hs} ldihdl}xs dhuxh {ers ldihdl}l lxp}e dxnnxf fgmxf dho hpsxblho}g enluxg. shm uxgm qgnxd}e}h h} ogil}e}lgdh sxbsls}l} ed}h }hf{gre h} ehgdhs. {nhdxsmhxs. xdlihdl}xs h} ldfx}eblnls,$ deld}h mh e al ags} >dsox}4 sex >orhe}4 sex mhaldl} sex>s}eblnl}4 ([rgqhrbh QLLL. 22&2?, hn dx hpls}e (H} ed}huxef ihdl}xs hssh} ex} orhe}xs qhnmlaldl}xs ex}axdme}xs. dgd axl},$ Ool hn dx hs}h dhdsox} (Ldihdl}xs hdlf dgd axl},$ _xd}hf{hrshox}el {hd}rx o ef zls: Alxn erh xd doh{x}. mer Mxfdhzhx hs}h ar doh{x}([hrshuxlfxr. uxgdlef mlplfxs: {rldol{lxf `ebh} alnlxs. mhxs ex}hf sldh ldl}lg,$ Le}{hd}rx

oh sxd}hf {hrshox}el3 l. mh eshfhdhe. {hd}rx oef zls ohn dx hs}h (d&e ags} ihdhre}, mldohnh oh hpls}([rg{}hrhe {hrshuxlfxr. h} uxle mlplfxs. uxle dgd mh hpls}hd}lbxs hs},$ 5;


12/58

dhdsox} do mh ne grlildh (Lm hdlf uxgm eb ldihdl}g hpsls}hds hs} ogdml}xf ef{nlxs eben}hrg qhn e sh l{sg ex} axdme}xf dgd axlssh}. e {rldol{lg ldihdl}xf uxgm axlssh},$ 5;


13/58

Euxlnhhe$ Hn dsgh}h d Earloe d oenl}e}h mh {rhg} flnl}er. meo {x}hf s{xdh ee.rhilfhd}hnh mh igl enh nxl _lilsqxn}. oerh axshshr }rlflsh ne sarl}xn nxl =29 {hd}rx e&nzmrgbl {h Bgdlaeolx. goezlh ox oerh e eqx} g mlsoxlh {xbnlo ox Exixs}ld$ Mhl n eanf

dsgldm erfe}e iglngr. hn dx hre ig}. ogd}rer e ohhe oh s&e sxihre} emhshe$ Dxfhnh sx. oerhd&erh dlflo ig}lo. g ere} sxalolhd}3 mh en}ahn. fedlhre d oerh hn dsxl sh sl}xhezqlzeql mh>berberl4 ere} o hn hre mh oxn}xr ne}ldl oh}hed en Lf{hrlxnxl Rgfed$ d eaere eohs}xl

qglej en sx d Earloe dx oxdge}hf dsdlflo en}ohqe mld oerlhre se$55;;

OFeplfld d&eral ags} ig} hs}h. mhslixr. {rhrhe nxl R$ Ir|sgd oerh erh. {rgbebln. d}hfhlhrhe hl. mhl hs}hirhx mh dhnhs en}ahn fg}lqxn {hd}rx oerh. ox }g} mls{rhxn sx {hd}rx >berberl4. dsghe.}g}xl. erfe}hnh nxl _lilsqxn}$ Grloxf qe al ags}. lf{gr}ed} {hd}rx dgl hs}h sxsldhrhe se{hd}rx dq}xre nxl Xnalne. alh l {rld ae{}xn o hn hs}h ohn oerh dh }redsfl}h ee&dxfl}esorlsgerh e nxl Exphd}lx$ Eohs} Exphd}lx hre h{lsog{ l }lf mld en}h goezll o hpls}e xdh{lsog{ erled ox eohs} dxfh. ogd}hf{gren ox [ennemlxs. en orxl shmlx hre Mxrgs}grxf. dFghsle ldahrlger$ Ex}grxn sorlsgrll sh {rhzld} oe xd mlsol{gn en nxl Xnalne. orxle l axshsh

dorhmlde} mld ohe fel areihm qrs} mh o}rh {rldll sl l mh ne oerh {rlflsh lds}rxlrhrhnlilges$ Xnalne sh s}eblnlsh. d}r&emhqr. ox igll sl d Fghsle ldahrlger$ Dx hs}h dlflo mhflrerh oe xd onhrlo agrfe} ne ogene nxl Xnalne smhqldh{lsog{ d eohes}rhilxdh xdmh l qeal {h}rhox} d}rheie }ldhrhh l hs}h o} sh {ge}h mh qhrgslfln oe ex}grxn eohs}hl h{ls}gnh s alhh{lsog{xn mh Mxrgs}grxf fhdlgde} d mlqhrsh ngoxrl d sognll$ 55;5

Eoh}l }rhl ferl erlhdl l&ex fedlahs}e} ogdoh{llnh ox goezle ogdolnlxnxl mh neEuxlnhle (?05,$ deld}h mh e nh hp{xdh }rhbxlh s dh d}rhbf: sxd} ds ogdoh{llnh ngrxdl}erh7 Hs}h jxs}laloe} {rhzhd}erhe ngr sxb ox{gne xdhl sldixrh mgo}rldh xdl}erh7 Hs}h

d}rhberhe {h oerh l&g {xdh R$ Ir|sgd dsxl$ Le} l rs{xdsxn sx: Hs}h oezxn ogdonxzlgdhezR$ Ir|sgd oe ne sarl}xn eohs}xl s}xmlx sdh d}rhbf meohs}h jxs}laloe}mhsorlhrhe d}r&g hp{xdhrh xdlo e idmlrll }x}xrgr eohs}gr ex}grl rh{rhzhd}el d sognll (hs}hqgrbe mh fedxsorlshnh }redsorlsh l }remxsh mh hn d qgnxfxn 219 en ognholhl _gxrohso`rh}lddhs. d$f$,. emloe nxl Feplfldxs. e nxl Xnalne&Exphd}lx l e nxl [ennemlxs$ Dl sh {erh

o rs{xdsxn {ge}h al ealrfe}lq$ d}r&emhqr. d olxme mlahrhdhngr mh eoohd} l e mh}enllngr mhqgoebxner. idmlrhe eohs}gr }hgngil. d s}emlxn h oerh n shslzf dgl d eohs}h sognll. {rhzld}gferh gfgihdl}e}h$ Eohes}gfgihdl}e}h }rmheze{er}hdhde ngr ne eohhel ogen }hgngilo.ohe {h oerh Cxaafedd e dxfl}&g mld}r&xd rhanhp {edihrfedls}lo hqlmhd} ogene nxl Xnalne. mer{h oerh er al fel gblho}lq s&g dxflf mhgerhoh dlflo dx mgqhmh}h oXnalne e jxoe} elol xdrgn {rh{gdmhrhd} erledlsfxn }ermlq en Hxrg{hl grlhd}enh3 eohes} }hdmld rhirx{hez mx{fger}he f{re}xnxl Qenhds erlhdll mld Lnn|rloxf l ]`reole oerh ex rfes almhnl orhmldhl mhne Rlfldl3 meo er al s&l alpf xd ha. eohs}e d&er {x}he al en}xn mho} Hxdgflx. e orxlidmlrh mgfld erledlsfxn ohnhl mh e }rhle ihdhrell l e orxl ldanxhd sh rhish}h{rh}x}ldmhdl d }hgngile ex}grlngr dg}rl$ 55;2

[ennemlxs en Re}lerlhl$ Ogdolnlxn e doh{x} {rld}r&xd e}eo d agr en nxl Efbrgzlh

oerh. mls{xddm nho}xre sorlsgrll nxl Erlh o}rh h{lsog{xn sx. Enhpedmrx en Enhpedmrlhl. eohrx} ohngr mgl h{lsog{l erlhdl alh s&n ogdmefdh {h ex}grxn hl {hd}rx bnesahfllnh hdxde}h dox{rldsxn hl. alh s nh erixfhd}hzh meo nh sxsld$ _&e ol}l}. mx{ }ge}h @rls}gs dx hpls}e sex.mlf{g}rlq. meoAlxn ohn Xdxn&Dsox} en nxl Mxfdhzhx e hpls}e} mld}g}mhexde$ (,]x dhil

d ihdhren oh}l erled3 mhol alh ogdmefd&n {h Erlh alh e{r&n arho`lqgo$ (,Ogdmefd&nelol {h ohn oh dhei o Alxn hs}h Mxfdhzhx emhqre}$ Mh qrhfh oh hn dsxl hs}h emhqrxn.

55;; R$ Ir|sgd. _ognlhs erlhddhs sxr nh ogdoln mEuxlnh$ Ld}rgmxo}lgd. }hp}h ne}ld. }remxo}lgd h} dg}hs3d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$11&19

55;5 R$ Ir|sgd. _ognlhs erlhddhs sxr nh ogdoln mEuxlnh$ Ld}rgmxo}lgd. }hp}h ne}ld. }remxo}lgd h} dg}hs3d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$80&8E}xdol odm href qrjfel. ef ags} f{oel ox

Mxfdhzhx {rld fger}he Alxnxl sx4 (Rgfedl Q. 5;,3 l Alxn dsxl. qgrbldm mhs{rh sldh.s{xdh: >Mxfdhzhx e lxbl} d}r&e}} nxfhe do} n&e me} {h xdloxn sx dsox}4 (Lged LLL. 51,3e{gl l e{gs}gnxn: >Meo Mxfdhzhx hs}h ox dgl. oldh qe al f{g}rlqe dges}r7 Hn dx n&eorxe} {h {rg{rlxn sx Alx. ol n&e me} {hd}rx dgl }gl4 (Rgfedl QLLL. ?5&?2,$$$ 55;1

[rld }ge}h eohs}he [ennemlxs mgqhmh}h d ogd}rgqhrse se ox Efbrgzlh. d}r&emhqr.

xd {rgirhs d re{gr} ox remloene mgo}rld erled: hn dx&n fel dxfh}h {h Alxn orhe}xr e]e}nxl3 d {nxs hn eooh{} {h shefe Alxnxl }ge}h eohnh e}rlbx}h {h oerh Erlh nh rhzhrqesh dfr}xrlslrhe se mger nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ [rgirhsxn dq}xrll senh hre ds e{erhd}: o`lermeoeooh{}}ge}h eohs}h e}rlbx}h l {h shefe Alxnxl. g aeoh dx d oenl}e}he eohs}xle mh hien en]e}nxl. ol mh Alx. emlomh mxfdhzhx ldahrlgr d re{gr} ox emhqre}xn Mxfdhzhx oerh {hd}rxhn. oe l {hd}rx Erlh. dx {x}he al mho} dxfel Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ Eohs} nxorx rhlhsh dx dxfelmld ldsls}hde dhgbgsl}ox oerh Efbrgzlh l h{lsog{ll sl dlohhdl ex dohroe} ne Euxlnhhe s&nmh}hrfldh s rhoxdgeso eohs}h e}rlbx}h dx mger d oenl}e}he Alxnxl mh Alx emhqre} en

55;? Ihs}e h{lsog{grxf Euxlnhhe emqhrsxf `ehrh}logs errledgs.


15/58

]e}nxl. ol mh Mxfdhzhx hien ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n. mer l mld {rg{rllnh ogdslmhrell {h oerh hnnh aeoh {h ferildhe fr}xrlslrll mh orhmlde ogdolnlxnxl mh ne _lrflxf (?90,. d Lnn|rloxf. neoerh ex ags} ogdmefdel esh h{lsog{l erlhdl$ 55;9 [ennemlxs rh{rgmxoh d }hrfhdll xrf}grlbnesahfle mh ne _lrflxf. bnes{`hflef e{xm _lrflxf: El orhzx} (ne _lrflxf, o }rhbxlhs orhmhl d }rhl mxfdhzhl e}g}{x}hrdlol (}rhs gfdl{g}hd}hs mhgs,. }rhl h}hrdl (}rhsshf{l}hrdgs,. }rhl hienl (}rhs ehuxenhs,. }rhl emhqrel (}rhs qhrgs,. }rhl oerh nxorhez f{rhxd

(}rhs ogg{hrerlgs,. }rhl oerh ngoxlhso f{rhxd (}rhs ogdshssgrhs,. }rhl {h oerh dlflo dx&lmhgshbh}h (}rhs ldmlaahrhd}hs,. }rhl oerh sh ogdaxdm (}rhs ldrhsgnx}gs,. }rhl {hd}rx oerh dlflodx hs}h lf{gslbln (}rhs dl`ln lf{gsslblnl}e}ls `ebhd}hs,$ 55;0 Hs}h hqlmhd} o agrfxne mh ne_lrflxf ogd}reoere qml} fr}xrlslrhe nxl Erlh mld sorlsgerhe se o}rh Enhpedmrx enEnhpedmrlhl$ d {nxs. ld}rgmxohe d mlsoxlh {rgbnhfe ohnhl mh e }rhle {hrsgedh }rhlfloh$ 55;


16/58

mgfdxnxl dgs}rx Llsxs @rls}gs(LL Ogrld}hdl L. ?,$ 555; Eohlel ld}hr{rh}erh l {hd}rxmlahrhde mld}rh ]e}n l Alxn {h agdmxn hp{rhsllngr }rhl h}hrdl. }rhl hienl. }rhl emhqrel.}rhl oerh nxorhezf{rhxd l }rhl oerh ngoxlhso f{rhxd$

]ebngxn idmlrll nxl [ennemlxs d&er al ogf{nh}. meo d&ef fhdlgde ahnxn d oerhdhnhihe hn hshde erixfhd}rll nxl Efbrgzlh l e {er}lzedlngr sl mh ne Euxlnhhe$ [ennemlxss{xdh: Oerh sxd} eohnh sorl{}xrl {h oerh }x. (Efbrgzlh., qrhl s nh ldqgol d erixfhd}erhe }e.

me} alldm o dx sh ish}h d mxfdhzhlh}lnh oxqld}h dlol xd }hp} oerh s ex}grlzhzh gbnesahflh fel fgds}rxgesoe ohe {h oerh g sxsll7 Ool }x dx rhoxdg}l dlol {h ]e}n. dlol{h Alxn. mld fgfhd} oh rhaxzl s nh rhoxdg}l {rg{rlh}lnh {hrsgedhngr (def dho [e}rhf dhoAlnlxf eidgsols. dgd eidgsohdmg {rg{rlh}e}hs {hrsgderxf,$ 5555 Mhl fhdlgdhez hp{nlol}dxfhnh nxl _ebhnlx. sh {erh o [ennemlxs ld}hr{rh}e ogdoh{le }rldl}er e emqhrserlngr sl oealldm xde fgder`led&{e}rl{esled. ohqe d ihdxn ohnhl e nxl [rephes. ool hn zloh ne xd fgfhd}me}: Qgl qrhl oe ]e}n l Alxn s e{er oe xde l eohhel {hrsged. d eohhel fedlhr oe_ebhnlx. }x el mgrl} s sgnloll. d oenl}e}h mh lds{lre}gr en eohs}xl ogf{ng}. oe dgl srhoxdge}hf Alxnxl eohnhel e}rlbx}h (oe nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n. d$f$, (uxle xdxf hxdmhfuxhh} [e}rhf h} Alnlxf slflnl}xmldh _ebhnl qxn}ls qlmhrl. s}e}lf {erle mh Alnlg }x x} exo}grogds{lre}lgdls hplihdme mxpls}l,% 5552 Mld eo}hnh ogdolnlxnxl rhlhsh ae{}xn o Efbrgzlh erhs{lds eoxzele ldllen mh {e}rl{esledlsf. mer d oemrxn xdxl rs{xds me} ognhixnxl nxl[ennemlxs. h{lsog{xn erled _hoxdmledxs mh _ldilmxdxf. orxle l&e mhonere}:: Eohne oerh zloho Alxn hs}h ]e}n dsxl hs}h xd ono}gr mh ohnh sald}h (uxl mlol} l{sxf [e}rhf Alnlxfseorlnhixs hs},$ 555? O}hqe rdmxrl fel jgs hn rhqldh esx{re eohs}hl ld}hr{rh}rl l rhoxdge}ho Efbrgzlh dx ogdaxdm {h Alxn ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n. oxf aoxsh gmldlger [rephes. ol&logdslmhr oghpls}hdl. mer d ahnxn nxl _ebhnlx$ Emrhsdmx&l&sh nxl Efbrgzlh. hn l

dorlfldhezmgo}rlde oe bnesahfle {rld oerh }x. (Efbrgzlh., ealrfl oAlxn dsxl. ldonxsd ]e}n. hs}h sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre} (uxe l{sxf Alnlxf ogd{nloh [e}rhf sgnxf qhrxfemshrls Mhxf rh}xdmhrh}xr bnesahfle, 555=

Meo}hp}hnh gahrl}h {delol mh [ennemlxs sxd} o} sh {ge}h mh x}lnh {hd}rx e dhnhih

ngiloe idmlrll }rldl}erh erlhdh. islf d ogfhd}erllnh senh l o}hqe rhahrlrl ne {rgbnhfe fels{holene ohnhl mh e }rhle {hrsgedh. _ad}xn Mx`$ ]hp}hnh d oexzdx aeo mho} snfxrhesol fel bldh mlahrhde mld}rh {hrsgedhnh }rhlfloh d qlzlxdhe se$ Ebgrmdm hp{rhsle }rhl oerhnxorhezf{rhxd [ennemlxs s{xdh es}ahn xrf}gerhnh: Ol}lf. mh eshfhdhe. d _orl{}xrl e}}mhs{rh sx{hrlgrl}e}he ]e}nxl o} l mhs{rh {x}hrhe oerh rhqldh Alxnxl d oenl}e}h mh shrql}gr (oe

d }hp}xn,: Hn e qgrbl} l nxorxrlnh s&ex aox}3 hn e {grxdol} l hnh ex ags} orhe}h ([senfxnPPPLL. hx l }x l Mx`xn _ad}. xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4. oxf zlohl qgl. ol >}x.sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre} 4$ (Ogfhd}erllnh nxl Feplfldxs. 583 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$219. {$ 259,$


17/58

rhsxrrho}xldhf mgo}gr hqedihnloeh {rehmloe}lgdls {hr [hd}hogs}hd e{gs}gnls flssxs hs}. enlguxld hrie orehe}xref fxdml hssh g{hre}xf7, 5558 [rg{xddmx&l e{gl s ogfbe} hp{rhsle}rhl {hd}rx oerh dlflo dx hs}h lf{gslbln [ennemlxs fel s{xdh: Ne ahn s}ex nxorxrlnh l dohhe oh {rlqh}h hp{rhsle }rhl {hd}rx oerh dlflo dx hs}h lf{gslbln. mh qrhfh oh hs}h o} sh{ge}h mh hqlmhd} oAlxn dx e {x}x} de}h mx{hphf{nxn ]e}nxl xd mxfdhzhx er}lzed. ool dxhpls} mho} xd sldixr ]e} en xdxl xdlo&dsox}3 }g} es}ahn. dlol Mx`xn _ad} d&e {x}x} orhe

ohqe mx{ hphf{nxn Alxnxl. me} alldm o dx hpls} mho} xd sldixr Llsxs @rls}gs {rldld}hrfhmlxn orxle sh }lh o}ge}h nxorxrlnh ex ags} orhe}h (L}hf }rhs dl`ln ld{gsslblnh `ebhd}hs.oxf x}luxh dho Alnlxs hphf{ng [e}rls g{lalohf ihdxhrl} mhxf. sluxlmhf xdxs sl} xdlihdl}l[e}hr. dho qhrg _{lrl}xs _edo}xs slflnl}xmldh Alnl enluxlm orehessh {rgbh}xr. hg uxgm xdxs sl}Lhsxs O`rls}xs {hr uxhf gfdle aeo}e dgs oed}xr,$ Dx hs}h es}ahn dlflo lf{gslbln {hd}rx hl({hd}rx Alxn l {hd}rx Mx`xn. d$f$, d nlfl}hnh e ohhe oh ex}grl}e}he e}g}{x}hrdlol grlildere nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n nh&e dimxl} ox {x}hrhe oerh&l e{erldh mh mrh{}. l edxfh ohnxl mld}l.emlo mxfdhzhxnxl dsox} {rld Hn deld}he }x}xrgr }lf{xrlngr. s orhhzh }ge}h. ler ohnxlnen}.aox} {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Alxnxl deld}he }x}xrgr nxorxrlngr. s saldheso nxorxrlnh orhe}h (Dl`lnex}hf ld{gsslblnh hls ld `ls mxf }epe} uxeh hls gfdl{g}hds eo {rldol{enls exo}grl}es Mhl[e}rls ogdirxe {g}hs}e}h ldmxnsl}. lm hs} x} en}hr uxlmhf ed}h gfdle e sh ihdl}xs mhxs oxdo}e

oreherh}. en}hr qhrg {hr Alnlxf ed}h gfdle aeo}xs sedo}laloerh} orehe}e,$ 5551Ejxdidm. d aldh. ne hp{rhsle }rhl {h oerh dlflo dx&l mlahrhdlez [ennemlxs dx fel

sx{gr}l sh mhzndxlh d}r&g }lrem hpoh{lgden ihdhrenlzdm }g} oh s{xshsh {d e}xdol:_{xddm qgl. mh eshfhdhe. }rhl {h oerh dx&l mlahrhdlez dlflo. d&el gbshrqe} o e{erh gmlahrhdhqlmhd} d}rh mhdxflrlnh mh ]e}l Alx. d}rh e de}h l e al dsox}. mh e nxe }rx{ le dx nxe. mh e fxrl {hd}rx dgl l e dx fxrl l. mh eshfhdhe. d shd}lfhd}xn mh rhs{ho} {hd}rxredixn ohnxlnen} {rgqhdldm mld ae{}xn o]e}n hs}h {nese} deld}he Alxnxl$ ]e}n n }rlfl}h {hAlxn. Alxn n }rlfl}h {h [ereonh}xn ([e}hr Alnlxf fl}}l}. Alnlxs fl}}l} [ereonh}xf,3 ]e}n n gahr{h Alxn {hd}rx oe eohs}e s sxahrh {e}lfe. Mx`xn. dmh{nldldm axdole xdxl snxjl}gr. n {rhmlo{h Alxn oerh e sxahrl} ([e}hr Alnlxf }reml} {esslgdls. _{lrl}xs _edo}xs gaalolg fldls}rl {essxf

{rhmloe} Alnlxf,3 Alxn n ingrlalo{h ]e}n. Mx`xn _ad} [ereonh}xn n ingrlalo{h Alxn (em`xoxhrg Alnlxs [e}rhf. _{lrl}xs [ereonh}xs ingrlaloe} Alnlxf,3 Alxn m fr}xrlh mhs{rh ]e}n.Mx`xn m fr}xrlh mhs{rh Alxn f{rhxd ox e{gs}gnll l {rld e{gs}gnl (Alnlxs [e}rl}hs}lfgdlxf ahr}. }hs}ls Alnl oxf e{gs}gnls h} {hr e{gs}gngs hpls}l} _{lrl}xs _edo}xs,3 Alxns{xdh oh e exzl} mh ne ]e}n. Mx`xn _ad} }redsfl}h e{gs}gnlngr oh e exzl} mh ne Alxn (Alnlxsuxeh e [e}rh exml} nguxl}xr. _{lrl}xs _edo}xs e Alnlg exml}e em e{gs}gngs {hrahr},3 Alxn hs}h}rlfls d dxfhnh ]e}nxl. Mx`xn _ad} hs}h }rlfls d dxfhnh Alxnxl (Alnlxs ld dgfldh [e}rls. lddgfldh Alnl _{lrl}xs [ereonh}xs fl}}l}xr,3 ]e}n rsoxf{r Blshrloe {rld {}lflrhe Alxnxl.Mx`xn _ad} rs{xdmh {rld irlje se dhqglngr l lds}rxlrll Blshrloll rsoxf{re}h {rld sdihnhnxl @rls}gs. lds}l}xldm d sdxn hl h{lsog{l. griedlzdmx&l snxjlrlnh l mls}rlbxldmx&l `erlsfhnh.{hd}rx sneqe mgfdxnxl sx ([e}hr Alnl {esslgdh Honhslef _{lrl}xs _edo}xs sxe h} {rgoxre} h}

lds}rxl} oxre. uxl{h l{sh ld `gdgrhf mgfldl sxl h} h{lsog{gs ogds}l}xhds ld he h} fldls}hrlemlrlihds h} mlqlmhds ire}les,$ Mlahrhde oerh mhgshbh}h {hrsgedhnh hs}h o} sh {ge}h mhhqlmhd}l fedlahs}. es}ahn do} dx hs}h mh ngo {g}rlql} sqgrblf mhs{rh }rhl {h oerh dlflodx&l mlahrhdlez (hqlmhds eo fedlahs}e mlaahrhd}le ld {hrsgdls ohrde}xr h} gfdldg dgd sxaalol}}rhs ldmlaahrhd}hs rhahrrh,$ 5559 Mld dhahrlolrh }hp}xn {h oerh hn n ogdseoredenlzrll hp{rhslhl}rhl oerh sh ogdaxdm hs}h ogrx{} l dx gahr{gslblnl}e}he oxdge}hrll ogdslmhrellngr mhs{rheohs} lf{gr}ed} es{ho}$ Mld }ge}h ohnh mh fel sxs rhzxn} ds ogdsholde oMx`xn _ad} dx{xrohmh mlrho} mh ne ]e}n. ol {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Alxnxl3 ox en}h oxqld}h. Alxnxl l sh me}grhez

5558 _ognllnh nxl [enemlxs. 5?=3 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ ?595551 _ognllnh nxl [enemlxs. 5?03 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ ?255559 _ognllnh nxl [enemlxs. 5?13 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ ?5


18/58

qhdlrhe ne hpls}hd e Mx`xnxl. dx ]e}nxl$ Hp{rlfdm {rgbnhfe d }hrfhdll {h oerh l qeo{}e xn}hrlgr. {x}hf s{xdh o. {g}rlql} erlhdlngr. Mx`xn _ad} dx {xrohmh mh ne ]e}n. ol{xrohmh dxfel mh ne Alxn$ Dhierhe {xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl mh ne ]e}n qe al oereo}hrls}loemgo}rldhl {dhqfe}gngiloh erlhdh d axdolh mh oerh sh qe ogd}xre agrfxne mh orhmld mh nesldgmxn LL hoxfhdlo mh ne Ogds}ed}ldg{gn mld ?05. mer l ohe mh ne ogdolnlxn en LLL&nhe mh ne]gnhmg mld 80fger}h47 Fger}hedx hs}h mho} g sh{erelh mh s{lrl} (fgr}hf sh{ere}lg aeol} s{lrl}xs,$ 5550 Rs{xdsxn me} mh hn

d }lf{xn ogdolnlxnxl e ags}. hqlmhd}. hqezlq$ Ld ogfhd}erllnh xn}hrlgerh hn dsqe rhoxdge}hmhso`ls mgo}rlde erled e Alxnxl oe alld ld}hrfhmler. eqdm emlog slixr alrh mlqld. merfxrl}gerh: l s&e s{xs ohs}h sorls mhs{rh ]e}n: $>_ldixr hn {gshmdhfxrlrhe (L ]lfg}hlQL. 51,43 mhs{rh @rls}gs ds sh s{xdh: >@rls}gs e fxrl} {hd}rx {oe}hnh dges}rh (L Ogrld}hdlPQ. ?,4$ Esx{re eohs}xl }hp} }x el {rh}lds o sh rhahr ne }rx{xn (@rls}gs,$ Mx{ oh l s&egblho}e} ds o (d fgm hrgde}, }x orhmhel }l}nxn mh >@rls}gs4 xd }l}nxn gfhdhso. mx{ oh elhzl}e} g onl{. el rhoxdgsox} d ohnh mld xrf o hs}h d eohnel }lf{ >l gfhdhso lmxfdhzhlhso4$ Fel sxs l s&e s{xs: >]x orhzl e}xdol odx mger oerdhe (}rx{xnxl, e sxahrl}. lmhg{g}rlql mxfdhzhx l gfxn. l Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx l Alxn gfxnxl4. ohhe oh dshefdoefbhnh de}xrl ex ags} lf{nloe}h d orxolaloerhe Mgfdxnxl sneqhl (Hrig orhmh dgd sgnxfoerdhf hssh {essef. shm mhxf h} `gfldhf. h} Alnlxf Mhl h} Alnlxf `gfldls. lm hs}h x}rguxhs}e}x sgolg Mgfldxf ingrleh oxrolalpxf, (ogda$ L Ogrld}hdl LL. 0,$ Mh en}ahn. }hrfhdxn dsxlmh Alx ldmlo ae{}xn o mlqldl}e}he dsl e sxahrl} (slox}l h}lef l{se e{{hne}lg Alnl ldmloe}

{esslgdhf mlqldef,$555sldixr dhdsox}43 gr. eoh}l gefhdl ex sx{rlfe} {h >dhdsox}4. }lldmbldh od&er al {x}x} isl dlol d idmlrh dlol d mlsoxrsxn sd}gs xd alx oerh s alh dhdsox}$_ rhqhmhf oxqld}hnh dshnh ee oxf nh ldmlo }hp}xn: >orhm d}r&xd sldixr Mxfdhzhxemhqre}. {rldol{lx en }x}xrgr nxorxrlngr. sldixrxn dhdsox}. sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx h}hrd4$ d}rh>emhqre}4 l >h}hrd4 Erlh e fr}xrlsl} o hn hs}h >dhdsox}4 {hd}rx e feroe o ohn oerh

hs}h emhqre} hs}h (dxfel, dhdsox}xn (ld}hr qhrxf h} shf{l}hrdxf ldihdl}xf {rgahssxs hs}Errlxs. x} gs}hdmhrh} qhrxf ldihdl}xf,. h}hrdxn dhdsox} (shf{l}hrdxf ldihdl}xf,.

dhnh{}xn dhdsox} (se{lhd}hf ldihdl}xf,. dhdsox}xn bxd (bgdxf ldihdl}xf,. dhdsox}xndhfxrl}gr (ldfgr}enhf ldihdl}xf,. dhdsox}xn dhqzx} (ldqlslblnhf ldihdl}xf,. sldixrxn

5550 Ihs}e h{lsog{grxf Euxlnhhe emqhrsxf `ehrh}logs errledgs. 283 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219.{$ ?=9. ?=mh neoerh qldh }ge} {e}hrdl}e}he d ohrl {h {fd}4 (Hahshdl LLL. 58,$ Ool Alxn hs}h xd >bxd

{s}gr4 l xd mxfdhzhx bxd. mer hn dx hs}h bxd}e}he dhdsox} (Alnlxs {es}gr bgdxs h} mhxsbgdxs. shm dgd ldihdl}xs bgdxs,$ Ool }ge} orhe}xre nxl Mxfdhzhx hs}h bxd. mer. mx{{rhrhe fhe. orhe}xre dx sh ogf{erox nxflde mh oerh hs}h xf{nx}. dlol gfxn ox @rls}gs ldlol @rls}gs ox ]e}n (dho `gfg O`rls}g. dho O`rls}xs [e}rl,$ 5525

d }lf{xn ogd}rgqhrshl mh ne ogdolnlx [ennemlxs e ealrfe} ne xd fgfhd} me} ox {x}hrhqhrsh}xn blbnlo {g}rlql} orxle ]e}n hs}h fel ferh mho} Alxn (777, {hd}rx e ogd}reoere }hzeemqhrserlngr {g}rlql} orgre Alxn hs}h hien ox ]e}n$ H{lsog{xn Hxshblx l&e hp{nloe} oeohs}h mgx }hzh. e{erhd} ogd}remlo}grll. }rhbxlh ld}hr{rh}e}h d shdsxn o {rlfxn sh rhahr nexfedl}e}he nxl @rls}gs. en mglnhe ne allde se mlqld$ _xihs}le se lf{nlol}hre o sxb es{ho}xnxfedl}ll @rls}gs hs}h }rlfls mh o}rh ]e}n3 sxb es{ho}xn mlqldl}ll hn hs}h dsox}xn]e}nxl$ [ennemlxs e er}e} dso{hd}rx hn de}hrhe l }rlfl}hrhe sxd} xdxn l eohnel eo}.ool ne xd fgfhd} me} hn nh fhdlgdhez ar dlol g mls}ldolh d ox{rldsxn eohnhlel arezh:]e}n e dsox} {h Alxn. ]e}n n&e }rlfls {h Alxn$ 5522 [rhnxdm eohes}lmhh. Feplfld ere}odx mger mhgshblrhe mld}rh dhde}hrh l de}hrh mlahrhdlezaxdmefhd}en {h ]e}n mh Alxn.ol l mhgshblrhe mld}rh ohn oerh }rlfl}h l ohn oerh h }rlfls$ Ol}dm xd }hp} mld hqedi`hnle

_a$ Lged. hn s{xdh: >Qlee qhdlo hs}h s }h oxdgeso {h }ldh. sldixrxn Mxfdhzhxemhqre}. l {h ohn {h oerh }x n&el }rlfls. {h Llsxs @rls}gs4 (Lged PQLL. ?,$ _h s{xdh elol >}x.sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4. dx >hx l }x l Mx`xn _ad}. xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4.oxf zlohl qgl3 mhol sh s{xdh oner: >}x. sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4$ [h mh en}{er}h. dohhe oh xrfhez: >l {h ohn {h oerh ]x n&el }rlfls. {h Llsxs @rls}gs4 hs}h dxfl} ohn oh e ags}}rlfls3 d go`ll orhmldhl. mhslixr. eohs}e hs}h >mxfdhzhx emhqre}l qle qhdlo43 hn dxhs}h ds eslflne} l ogf{ere} ox ohn oerh }rlfl}h. ol hs}h xd qhrl}ebln mxfdhzhx }rlfls (dgd}efhd ogddxfhrerl qhn ogd{ererl fl}}hd}l. shm flssxf qhrxf mhxf, 552?

Feplfld. mhl eoxzhp{nlol} mgo}rlde dlohhdlngr mh ne Euxlnhle mh sebhnledlsf. {erhs g dhnhei. oe l [ennemlxs. oe {h g mgo}rld fgder`led&{e}rl{esled. ool zloh: d}r&

emhqr. mhqrhfh oh Mgfdxn e s{xs nxl [h}rx. ler dx nxl Lxme }rm}grxn: lh l qgl me o`hlnhf{rlhl ohrxrlngr. es}ahn do} }g} oh qhl nhie {h {fd} qe al nhie}l d ohrxrl l }g} oh qhlmhznhie {h {fd} qe al mhznhie}l d ohrxrl (Fe}hl PQL. 5


20/58

Mx`xn _ad}$ Gr. hs}h g idmlrh seorlnhieohhe oerh ealrf }rhl ar doh{x}. d qlr}x}he xdhlhienl}l {hraho}h (}rhs {erl ehuxenl}e}h sldh ldl}lg,. }rhl h}hrdl. emlo }rhl dhdsoxl (}rhsshf{l}hrdgs. lm hs} }rhs ldihdl}gs,. }rhl ar grlildh (}rhs sldh grlildh, ee oxf gfr}xrlsh}h fedlahs}xn orhmldhl ngr fldoldgesh sex. do. }rhl oerh sh ogdaxdm(ex} l}hrxf}rhs ldrhsgnx}gs,3 ohhe oh hs}h d}rheie {hralmlh e nxl _ebhnlx$ 5528 Eoh}l gefhdl. fel s{xdhhn. s&ex nxe}. ar dlol g hzl}erh. mh fgder`le ]e}nxl oerh ldh }g}xn d fldlnh senh (`l sldh

enluxe oxo}e}lgdh {rgrx{hrxd} ld fgdero`le gfdl}hdhd}ls [e}rls,%5521

Exphd}lx en Mxrgs}grxnxl$ d}rheie qlzlxdh }rldl}er e nxl Exphd}lx sh bezhez {hee&dxfl}xn orhz en nxl Xnalne. dq}grxn sx$ Le}&n: Hx. Xnalne. h{lsog{ l fr}xrlsl}gr.ee ef orhzx} mld}g}mhexde l d eohes} orhmld. sldixre emhqre}. qgl {nhoe ne s}{dxnfhx$ Orhm. mhol. o hpls} xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx. ]e}n. sldixr dhdsox} l ldqlzlbln (orhmgxdxf hssh Mhxf [e}rhf. sgnxs ldihdl}xf h} ldqlslqlnhf,$ Orhm. mh esfhdhe. l d Alxn sxXdxn&Dsox}. s}{dxn l mxfdhzhxn dgs}rx. nxor}gr l er}lzed en d}rhill orhell. orxle dxhpls} oldhqe s&l shfhdh (H} ld xdlihdl}xf Alnlxf hlxs. mgfldxf h} mhxf dgs}rxf.g{lalohf h} aeo}grhf xdlqhrsh orhe}xrh. dgd `ebhd}hf slflnhf sxxf,$ Es}ahn mhol. xdxn hs}hMxfdhzhx e }ge}h ohnh oh hpls}. ]e}n. oerh hs}h mh eshfhdhe Mxfdhzhxn mxfdhzhxnxldgs}rx (Lmhg xdxs hs} gfdlxf Mhxs [e}hr. uxl h} mhl dgs}rl hs}h Mhxs,$ Orhm. d aldh. l d}r&xd sldixr Mx` _ad}. {x}hrh lnxflde}gerh l sedo}laloe}gerh (H} xdxf _{lrl}xf _edo}xf.qlr}x}hf ldnxflded}hf h} sedo}laloed}hf,. mx{ oxf s{xdh @rls}gs mx{ dqlhrh e{gs}gnlngr:l le}. o qgl }rlfl}h {hs}h qgl aimxlde ]e}nxl fhx3 qgl s rfdhl d oh}e}h {d qqhl fbroe ox {x}hrh mh sxs (Nxoe PPQLLL. =


21/58

sgne qgnxd}e}h h} {g}hs}e}h ld{esslqlnls ld{esslqlnl}hr. ldogrrx{}lqlnls ldogrrx{}lqlnl}hr h}ldfgqlnls ldfgqlnl}hr xdlihdl}xf mhxf oreheql} h} ihdxl}. ahol} h} axdmeql},$ 5520

Rhahrldmx&sh e{gl ne Alxn. Exphd}lx ebedmgdhez oner }hze erled grlilden {g}rlql}orhle eohs}e hs}h g orhe}xr e ]e}nxl$ Hn xrfhez mgo}rlde fehs}rxnxl sx Xnalne {g}rlql}orxle Alxn hs}h mxfdhzhxn dgs}rx. emloxd mxfdhzhx shoxdm. s{rh mhgshblrh mh ]e}n oerhhs}h Mxfdhzhx {rld hpohnhdl {rlf$ Ogdagrf }remllhl l dq}xrll ex}grlze}h e mlqldhngr

_orl{}xrl. hn (Xnalne, d&e esoxds dlolgme} o eohs}e (Alxn, hs}h xd mxfdhzhx shoxdm l{rldol{lx en }x}xrgr nxorxrlngr. (hpls}dm, mh ne ]e}n. ne ]e}n. mld oexze ]e}nxl l {hd}rxsneqe ]e}nxl (shoxdmxf }reml}lgdhf h} exo}grl}e}hf mlqlderxf sorlb}xrerxf `xdo shoxdmxfmhxf h} exo}grhf gfdlxf e [e}rh h} {gs} [e}rhf h} {rg{}hr [e}rhf h} em ingrlef [e}rls hsshdxduxef ohneql},$ Mh eshfhdhe. hn e er}e} d}g}mhexde o} sh {ge}h mh oner oeohs}e hs}h xdferh mxfdhzhx. xd ferh mgfd. ferh rhih. g ferh }eld. g ferh nxfld. {rg}ho}gr lnhilsne}gr. rsoxf{r}gr l fd}xl}gr. jxmho}gr mrh{} en ohngr qll l en ohngr fgrl.ogdslmhrdmx&n fel ferh {h Mxfdhzhx ]e}n sx. ogdagrf _ald}hngr Hqedi`hnll (shm h}feidxf mhxf h} feidxf mgfldxf h} feidxf rhihf h} feidxf f|s}hrlxf. feidxfnxfhd. mgfldxf. {rgqlsgrhf h} nhilsne}grhf. rhmhf}grhf. senqe}grhf. qlqgrxf h}fgr}xgrxf lxsxf lxmlohf. felgrhf `ebhd}hf Mhxf h} [e}rhf sxxf shoxdmxf sedo}xf

hqedihnlxf shf{hr fedlahs}eql},$ Hn e mhsogdslmhre} l mls{rhxl} o`ler mh}hs}eblne lebgfldeblne orhmld hrgde} l mhde}xre} e `gfggxslhdlngr. e{rholldm&g mrh{} g ldqhdlhmlebgnlol g dq}xre mhfgdlngr$ G }le bldh l dh&e }redsfls l dgxeohes} dq}xr:meo {x}hrhe dhgbgsl} e mxfdhzhxnxl dsox} e aox} ox xxrld alldhnh ohnhs}h l }hrhs}rh.}ge}h nxorxrlnh ldqlzlblnh l {h ohnh qlzlblnh. ee oxf sh {rhmlo ogrho} l oxf dgl orh}ldllorhmhf {h mrh{} l almhn. {hd}rx oh dx ef orhmh o{x}hrhe lf{eslblne nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n eaox} g sldixr alld oerh s alh g{hre se hponxslq7 (sl xdlihdl}l mhl ldae}lieblnls qlr}xsoehnhs}le h} }rhs}rle. ldqlslblnle h} qlslqlnle gfdle aeolnh aholssh `gdhs}h {rhmloe}xr h} e dgblsorls}ledls lxrh h} almhnl}hr orhml}xr. uxerh Mhl [e}rls ld{esslqlnls qlr}xs xdxf slbl {rg{rlxfaholssh dgd orhme}xr,7 Le} {hd}rx oh hn ox}e s mls}rxi sho}e `gfggxslhdlngr. ool hn

orhmhe o{hrsgedhnh dx }rhbxlh ogdaxdme}h l efhs}hoe}h. ol sh{ere}h l mls}ldsh (Uxe{rg{}hr`gfgxsledgrxf sho}ef mhs}rxhbe}. uxle dgd ogdaxses h} ogdorhe}es {hrsgdes rhs. shmmlaahrhd}hs emaho}xs mhahdmhbe},$ 552


22/58

Mer {er}he ohe fel ld}hrhsed}e sorlsgrll nxl Exphd}lx hs}h mh mh{er}h eohhe d oerhhn hp{xdh d mh}enlx mgo}rlde {dhqfe}gngilo e nxl Xnalne$ d ohhe oh&n {rlqh}h {h Mx`xn_ad}. hn (Xnalne, mhfgds}re d hienfsxroeohs}e dx hs}h dlol ]e}n. dlol Alxn. ol oe ags}aox} mh o}rh ]e}n deld}he }x}xrgr nxorxrlngr. {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Alxnxl (_hm h} _{lrl}xf_edo}xf dgd hssh dho [e}rhf dho Alnlxf. shm e [e}rh {hr Alnlxf ed}h gfdle aeo}xf,3 hn dxhs}h es}ahn dlol {rlfxn. dlol en mglnhe. ol e ags} d}hfhle} mh o}rh {rlfxn {rld ld}hrfhmlxn ohnxl

mh en mglnhe {hd}rx en }rhlnhe redi (dgd hssh {rlfxf dho shoxdmxf. shm e {rlfg {hrshoxdmxf ld }hr}lg iremx sxbs}l}x}xf,3 hn dx hs}h dlol dhdsox}. dlol dsox}. ol orhe} mh o}rhohn dhdsox} {rld ld}hrfhmlxn xdloxnxl&dsox} d en }rhlnhe rdm. ogdagrf dq}xrllHqedi`hnlhl l }remllhl e{gs}gnlngr (dgd hssh ldihdl}xf dho ihdl}xf. shme b ldihdl}g {hrxdlihdl}xf ld }hr}lg iremx orehe}xf. shoxdmxf hqedihnloef {rhmloe}lgdhf h} e{gs}gnloef}reml}lgdhf,$ d}r&emhqr. mhgerhoh dx hpls} mho} xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx dhdsox} l dxhpls}mho} xd sldixr Mgfd. mxfdhzhxn xdxn&dsox}. Mx`xn _ad} oerh dh esls}dx {ge}h aldxfl} dlol Mxfdhzhx. dlol mgfd. ol e {rlfl} mh ne Mxfdhzhx (]e}n. d$f$, hpls}hde {rldld}hrfhmlxn Mgfdxnxl (Alxnxl. d$f$, (Xdg hdlf Mhg ldihdl}g hp}ed}h h} xdg Mgfldgxdlihdl}g mhg sxbsls}hd}h. _{lrl}xs _edo}xs emqgoe}xs dho mhxs dho mgfldxs {g}hs} mlol. shm eMhg {hr Mgfldxf x} hssh} eool{l},$ Hn dx hs}h dlol {rldol{lx (ex}gr,. dlol orhe}gr. ol nxl l

rhqldh serolde mh e lnxflde. saldl. lds}rxl l ogdmxoh. mh e&l gahrl ejx}grxn l mh e {rhzhd}eohrhrlnh (dges}rh ne Mxfdhzhx Alxn. d$f$, (dgd exo}gr dhuxh orehe}gr. shm lnxflde}gr. shmsedo}laloe}gr. mgo}gr h} mxoe}gr. emlx}gr h} {gs}xne}gr,$ Hn hs}h shrql}grxn nxl @rls}gs lrhqers `erlsfhnh. hn hs}h o`hzle fg}hdlrll dges}rh3 d hn ef ags} dshfdel {hd}rx zlxersoxf{rrll3 ar hn dlfhdl dx {ge}h s{xdh o Llsxs hs}h Mgfdxn (O`rls}l fldls}hr h}ire}lerxf mlqlsgr. {lidxs `hrhml}e}ls hd uxg slide}l sxfxs ld mlhf rhmhf}lgdls. sldh uxgdhfg {g}hs} mlohrh Mgfldxf L`hsxf, Es}ahn. mhol. dxfel eohle sxd} orh}ldl oerh&n emgrl&n snqhso {h @rls}gs >d Mx` l d emhqr (Lged LQ. 2?,4 l oerh. {rld ld}hrfhmlxn nxl@rls}gs. mex sneqox mreigs}h nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ 55?2 Areze Mx`xn _ad}. oerh dh esls}. e {rlfl} mh ne Mxfdhzhx (]e}n. d$f$, hpls}hde {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Mgfdxnxl (Alxnxl. d$f$,

hs}h sxalolhd}{hd}rx e dhnhih o{hd}rx xd erled oe Xnalne Mx`xn _ad} {xrohmh. emlo l{rlfh}h hpls}hde. mlrho} sex dxfel mh ne Alxn. o`ler meoAlxn g{hrhezeohs} eo} en emxohrllnxl ne hpls}hd ne grmldxn ]e}nxl$ Erledlsfxn ig}. oerh hs}h d d}rhilfh mh{hdmhd} mh Xnalne.e {rhnxe} eohes} mgo}rld e {xrohmhrll mlrho}h e Mx`xnxl dxfel mh ne Alxn l d eohes}{hrs{ho}lq }rhbxlh dhnhes g{hre mh ogrho}erh {h oerh e aox}&g ogdolnlxn en LLL&nhe mh ne]gnhmg e}xdol odm e ldonxs d }hp}xn galolen en fr}xrlslrll mh orhmld{h oerh e lf{xs&g nxlRhoerhm emegsxn Alnlguxh$ Xnalne l d}rhixn erledlsf. ldmlahrhd} mh dxed. ex rhs{lds g{xrohmhrh e Mx`xnxl mlrho} mld Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ Eohs}e qe al shifhd}xn mgo}rlder {h oerh shqe irbl s&n ogrho}hzh Blshrloe ne}ldne ogdolnllnh hl mh ne ]gnhmg$

[rgbnhfe {rgohslxdlngr$ d sognllnh senh [ennemlxs ebgrmhez ne xd fgfhd} me}{rgbnhfe ager}h s{holen e de}xrll {rgohslxdlngr d erledlsf$ Mhl g aeoh mger d }rhohrh.

{rholzerhe {h oerh g gahr hs}h hp}rhf mh lf{gr}ed} {hd}rx dhnhihrhe eohs}xl es{ho} enmgo}rldhl erlhdh$ Rhahrldmx&sh ne xd {esej mld nxorerhe nxl Efbrgzlh Mh almh. es}zl {lhrmx}.hn s{xdh xrf}gerhnh: ]x dsxl d eohhel oer}h emfll o d eohnel ahn d oerh nxorxrlnh(orhe}h, ex ags} aox}h ne ld}hrqhdle {rlfxnxl {rldol{lx. }g} es}ahn l Alxn e ags} dsox} {rld{x}hrhe {rlfxnxl {rldol{lx3 es}ahn. d ae{}xn mh e&n de}h }x rhoxdg}l dx de}xre. ol {x}hrheohnxl oerh de}h (x} ld ihdhredmg dgd de}xref . shm {g}hs}e}hf {rgbhs {erhd}ls,$ 55?? _hdsxneohs}hl {rholzrl hs}h o} sh {ge}h mh oner: ee oxf mld gbshrqele orhe}xrll d edsefbnxn hl dx{x}hf mhmxoh de}xre ohnxl oerh e orhe}&g ol mger {x}hrhe se ldoenoxnebln. }g} ee l d oezxnde}hrll Alxnxl: eohs} eo} dx rhanho} de}xre ohnxl oerh n&e dsox}. ol mger {x}hrhe sehpoh{lgden$ [ennemlxs. mhl e rhs{lds grloh eshfderh agrfene ogdoh{lhl senh ox ohe e nxlErlh oerh&n oenlaloe {h Alxn mrh{} g orhe}xr e ]e}nxl. mgqhmh}h elol. ldmlrho}. o d

55?2 Ogfhd}erllnh nxl Feplfldxs. 8;. 85&823 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ 2=5&2=?55?? _ognllnh nxl [enemlxs. 5553 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ 2


23/58

emdoxrlnh fldll senh hn f{r}he. fe}hrlen. eohes} mgo}rld$ Hs}h hqlmhd} o [ennemlxsogdslmhre {rgohslxdlnh de}hrll Alxnxl l {xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl _ad} dx oe dl}h eo}hogdsxbs}edlenh. oerh }redsfl} mh ne oexz ne haho} ohhe oh hs}h ogfxd eohs}gre. ol oe dl}heo}h oerh dx aeo mho} s lds}l}xlh d hpls}hd dl}h alldh oerh dx ex dlol g eshfderh oxgrlildhe mld oerh ex {rgqhdl}$ Eohs} es{ho} e{erh l fel oner d ogd}hp}xn mls{x}hl {h oerhEfbrgzlh g erh d oemrxn eohnxlel ogdolnlx mh ne Euxlnhle. mer dx ox [ennmlxs. ol ox ognhixn

nxl fel }dr. _hoxdmledxs mh _ldilmxdxf. h{lsog{ erled l hn$ Hx l zloh Efbrgzlheohs}xle l ohr s dh s{xl meo Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx hs}h Mxfdhzhx emhqre} dsox} mldMxfdhzhx emhqre}$ _hoxdmledxs: Hn hs}h mxfdhzhx. emhqre} xdlo&dsox}. Alxn nxlMxfdhzhx$ Efbrgzlh: Esoxn}fg}lqxn {hd}rx oerh nl{se }e mh hqneqlh l dhbxdle }e dh&ex

dirgzl}$ Odm }x s{xl >mxfdhzhx emhqre} xdlo&dsox}4 }x dx s{xl >Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4.ol >emhqre} xdlo&dsox}4$ d ogdshold. {hd}rx e }hrflde eohes} o`hs}lxdh. rs{xdmh dfgmxn xrf}gr: >Hn hs}h Mxfdhzhx emhqre} lhl} mld Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4$ _hoxdmledxs:_ dhnhi o mx{ }ldh Mxfdhzhx (]e}n. d$f$, d&e dsox} xd mxfdhzhx (emlo {h Alxn.d$f$,7 Emhqre}xn Mxfdhzhx. ee oxf hs}h hn d hshde se {rg{rlh (emlodhdsox}. d$f$,. eogfxdloe} mxfdhzhxnxl xdlo&dsox} ohhe oh&n aeoh {h eohs}e s alh ohhe oh hs}h (emlo Alxxdlo&dsox}. d$f$,3 hn e dsox} es}ahn xd sldixr Alx emhqre} xdlo&dsox} (hrig Mhxs mhxf dgdihdxl}7 Mhxs qhrxs. lnnh uxl hs}. xdlihdl}g mhg uxgm hs} ldihdxl}3 xdxf qhrxf xdlihdl}xfAlnlxf ihdxl},$ 55?= ]hp}xn hp{nlo o} sh {ge}h mh oner de}xre {rgohslxdlngr d erledlsf:{g}rlql} nxl _hoxdmledxs {rgohslxdlnh mlqldh sxd} ef zloh dgl es}zl `|{gs}e}loh mhgerhohogfxdloohnxl oerh sh de}h l. rhs{ho}lq. ohnxl oerh {xrohmh dx de}xre mlqlde ]e}nxl.ol s{holaloxn ngr l{gs}e}lo. emlo ohhe oh aeoh oe hl s alh ohhe oh sxd} d xrfe eohs}gr eo}h:Alxn xd mxfdhzhx xdlo&dsox}. Mx`xn g orhe}xr e Alxnxl% [rgohslxdlnh d erledlsf shrhahr ne haho}hnh ngr dx ne oexze oerh nh {rgmxoh3 {rgohslxdlnh lds}l}xlh d ]rldl}e}h s{holaloxnl{gs}e}lo en alhorhl {hrsgedh. dx de}xre hl mlqld$

[rgohslxdlnh dhnhsh d eohs} shds emxo ne hpls}hd{hrsgedhnh }rhlfloh {rld ohhe ohex hnh s{holalo. mlahrl} emlo mh grlildhe ngr$ [h eohes} bez erlhdll mh }ge}h dxedhnh ex

{x}x} sxsldh oAlxn dx {ge}h l hien ]e}nxl ool xd mxfdhzhx&dsox} hs}h d fgm dhohsermlahrl} d re{gr} ox Mxfdhzhxn&dhdsox}3 ]e}n dx l&e }redsfls d oxrsxn eo}xnxl de}hrlloenl}e}he se {rg{rlh mh dhdsox}$ Oldh e exzl} qrhgme} mh xd dsox}&dhdsox}7 Mer l oMx`xn dx {ge}h al hien ox Alxn (l ox e}} fel {xld ox ]e}n,. ool dx hs}h l hn xd orhe}gr ennxfll oe Alxn3 emxodmx&n ne hpls}hd. Alxn dx l&e }redsfls l nxl eohes}{x}hrh mh e emxoh nehpls}hd nxorxrl. ool {eremgpxn er al d eohs} oez oe xd nxorx dhhpls}hd} s sh emxo{h sldh

dsxl ne hpls}hd% Hs}h hpeo} ohhe oh sh s}rmxlh}h [ennemlxs serixfh}hzh odm sh rhahrne ealrfele nlbhnxnxl {hralmlhl mhs{rh ohl }rhl {hd}rx oerh dlflo dx hs}h lf{gslbln:Hs}h o} sh {ge}h mh hqlmhd} oAlxn dx e {x}x} de}h mx{hphf{nxn ]e}nxl xd mxfdhzhxer}lzed. ool dx hpls}mho} xd sldixr ]e}en xdxl xdlo&dsox}3 }g} es}ahn. dlol Mx`xn _ad} d&e {x}x} orhe ohqe mx{ hphf{nxn Alxnxl. me} alldm o dx hpls} mho} xd sldixr Llsxs @rls}gs

{rld ld}hrfhmlxn orxle sh }lh o }ge}h nxorxrlnh ex ags} orhe}h (L}hf }rhs dl`ln ld{gsslblnh`ebhd}hs. oxf x}luxh dho Alnlxs hphf{ng [e}rls g{lalohf ihdxhrl} mhxf. sluxlmhf xdxs sl}xdlihdl}l [e}hr. dho qhrg _{lrl}xs _edo}xs slflnl}xmldh Alnl enluxlm orehessh {rgbh}xr. hg uxgmxdxs sl} Lhsxs O`rls}xs {hr uxhf gfdle aeo}e dgs oed}xr,$ 55?8 Dhierhe ogdsxbs}edlenl}llAlxnxl ox ]e}n l e Mx`xnxl ox Alxn (l. mhslixr. l ox ]e}n, erh ne bezhpeo} eohs} rhilf mhe{gs}hrlgrl}e}h d oerh sxd} ogdoh{x}h {rgohslxdlnh d erledlsf: l{gs}esxn qhdl} ne hpls}hd

d xrfe {rgohslxdll s{holaloh dx fg}hdh}h dlflo mld oexze se. ol e{erh oe g dgx}e}h }g}end re{gr} ox ohn oerh n&e oexze}$

Lzqgrxn idmlrll eohs}gr erlhdl ne}ldl {rgqgoel s&l fr}xrlsheso mgo}rlde mhogdolnlxn mh ne Euxlnhle hs}h Hxdgflx mh O|zlo$ Ef qzx} mh}enllnh eohs}hl mgo}rldh$ _hdsxn hl

55?= Ihs}e h{lsog{grxf Euxlnhhe emqhrsxf `ehrh}logs errledgs. 92. 9=. 983 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs.qgn$ 219. {$ ?05&?0?

55?8 _ognllnh nxl [enemlxs. 5?03 d _gxrohs o`rh}lddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ ?25


24/58


25/58

{g{grxnxl nxl Mxfdhzhx. {xdhrll {h axi e >nx{lngr rhmx}eblnl (Ae{}h PP. 2oldlngr. nxor}grl rl (Alnl{hdl LLL. 2,4 l mh e {s}re ox e}hdlh l g irlj hp}rhf.eshfhdhe xdxl bxd {s}gr. }xrfe nxl @rls}gs ox ejx}grxn `erxnxl sx$ 55?9

Hpls}. mhol. g sldixrBlshrlo{hd}rx o hpls}xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx. ]e}n. oerh eorhe}&g l rsoxf{re}&g {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Alxnxl sx. Llsxs @rls}gs. {rld oerh n&e orhe} l {hMx`xn oerh g saldh}h$ Hs}h axdmefhd}erhe erled e honhzlgngilhl. mer l ohhe oh mhonere

Xnalne. {g}rlql} eohnxlel Exphd}lx: Ahrlol}xn [eqhn. s{xdh hn. ealrf (oner, o: >Hpls} xdsldixr Mxfdhzhx. ]e}n. mh ne oerh qld }ge}h nxorxrlnh. l xd sldixr Mgfd. Llsxs @rls}gs. {rldld}hrfhmlxn orxle }ge}h nxorxrlnh hpls}$ (L Ogrld}hdl QLLL. 1,4$ d}r&emhqr. mhqrhfh oh dxhpls} mho} xd sldixr Mxfdhzhx dhdsox} l dx hpls} mho} xd sldixr Mgfd. mxfdhzhxnxdlo&dsox}. Mx`xn _ad} oerh dh esls} dx {ge}h al dxfl} Mxfdhzhx. dlol Mgfd. ol hn e{rlfl} mh ne Mxfdhzhx hpls}hde {rld ld}hrfhmlxn Mgfdxnxl (Xdg hdlf Mhg ldihdl}g hp}ed}hh} xdg Mgfldg xdlihdl}g mhg sxbsls}hd}h _{lrl}xs _edo}xs emqgoe}xs dho mhxs dho mgfldxs{g}hs} mlol. shm e Mhg {hr Mgfldxf x} hssh} eooh{l},$ Hn dx hs}h dlol {rldol{lx. dlol orhe}gr.mer nxl l rhqldh s lnxfldhzh. ssaldheso. s lds}rxlesol sogdmxo. s&l gahrh ejx}grxnl s{rhzld}h ohrhrlnh dges}rh$ Hn hs}h shrql}grxn nxl @rls}gs l hn rh{er}lzhez`erlsfhnh. hnhs}h o`hzle fg}hdlrll dges}rh3 d hn ef ags} feroel d qhmhrhe rsoxf{rrll3 ar hndlfhdl dx {ge}h s{xdh o Llsxs hs}h Mgfdxn. ool e{gs}gnxn e zls: >Dlfhdl dx {ge}h s{xdh:

Llsxs hs}h Mgfdxn. ar dxfel d Mx`xn _ad}$ (L Ogrld}hdl PLL. ?,4$ Es}ahn mhol. dxfeleohle sxd} orh}ldl oerh emgrl snqhso {h @rls}gs >d Mx` l emhqr (Lged LQ. 2?,4 l oerh.{rld ld}hrfhmlxn nxl @rls}gs. mex sneq ox lxblrh nxl Mxfdhzhx ]e}n (hrig `l sxd} o`rls}ledluxl ld _{lrl}x h} qhrl}e}h Orls}xf emgred} h} ingrlaloed} h} {hr Orls}xf oxf mlnho}lgdh Mhg[e}rl ire}les eixd},$ 55?0

[rldol{enxn rh{rg en erlhdlngr ne emrhse emqhrserlngr ngr e ags} eohne mh e xzxr{efgder`le ]e}nxl$ E{rdmx&l ogrhnlilgderxn ogdmefde} ne Ogdolnlxn mh ne Euxlnhhe (?05,.{h [ennmlxs en Re}lerlhl. Feplfld erledxn. l hn h{lsog{. s{xdh mhs{rh _a$ Efbrgzlh lh{lsog{ll dlohhdl xrf}grhnh: Nxorx {h oerh dlol mhfgdll d&ex dmrzdl} s&n aeo: s

er}loxnhzh emlog bnesahflh f{g}rlqe Mxfdhzhxnxl sx{rhf oerh ldh }ge}h d fldlnh senh eoh}l gefhdl. ardlol ohe fel flohzl}erh. s&ex nxe} mh fgder`le ]e}nxl oerh ldh }ge}h dfldlnh senh (uxgm dho mhfgdhs exsl axhrxd}. ld sxffxf gfdl}hdhd}hf Mhxf ldahrrhbnes{`hflef `l sldh enluxe oxdo}e}lgdh {rgrx{hrxd} ld fgdero`le gfdl}hdhd}ls [e}rls,$55?< _&e qzx} es}ahn (ne ogdolnlx. d$f$, qlonhdle ohnxl oh {xdhe d}rhbrlnh. oerh qgle oe Alxnsalh qhdlo d ee ahn do} ssh {ge}s{xdh mhs{rh hn ol hn hs}h dhorhe} (E{{erh} qhrsx}leld}hrrgied}ls uxl slo qxn} Alnlxf shf{l}hrdxf mlol x} ldorehe}xs hssh mloe}xr,$ 55=; Eoh}lgefhdl hp{nloFeplfld d eohnel ogfhd}erlx ohrhex s sh rhoxdgeso Alxnxl e}rlbx}heshfd}gerh (]e}nxl. d$f$, l. odm er al exzl} eohes}e. hl er al {xs e{gl {rgbnhfheshfd}gerh l d nhi}xr ox Mx`xn _ad}$ Gr. hs}h g idmlrh seorlnhi eohhe oerh ealrf}rhl ar doh{x}. d qlr}x}he xdhl hienl}l {hraho}h (}rhs {erl ehuxenl}e}h sldh ldl}lg,. }rhl

h}hrdl. emlo }rhl dhdsoxl (}rhs shf{l}hrdgs. lm hs} }rhs ldihdl}gs,. }rhl argrlildh (}rhs sldhgrlildh, ee oxf g fr}xrlsh}h fedlahs}xn orhmldhl ngr fldoldgesh sex. do. }rhl oerh shogdaxdm(ex} l}hrxf }rhs ldrhsgnx}gs,3 dlflo fel en}ohqe mho} d}rheie {hralmlh e nxl _ebhnlx$ 55=5 Gr. s{xdh hn. rhenl}e}he blbnlo mhfgds}rhez en}ohqe$ Ldqgodm }hp}xn lgedhlo d oerhLlsxs dsxl s{xdh: >Qlee qhdlo hs}h s }h oxdgeso {h }ldh. sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre}.l {h ohn {h oerh n&el }rlfls. {h Llsxs @rls}gs$ (Lged PQLL. ?,4. Feplfld ogdonxzlgdhez}rlxfa}gr: _{xdh >}x. sldixrxn Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4 ler dx >hx l }x l Mx`xn _ad}. xdxdlo l sldixr Mxfdhzhx emhqre}4$ d ohhe oh xrfhez. {h mh en}{er}h. >l {h ohn {h oerhn&el }rlfls. emlo {h Llsxs @rls}gs4 hn ere} o e ags} }rlfls3 d go`ll orhmldhl hn hs}h ox

55?9 _ognllnh (h{ls}gne, nxl Exphd}lx. =


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slixred >mxfdhzhx emhqre}l qle qhdlo43 hn dx hs}h ds eslflne} sex ogf{ere} oxOhn oerh }rlfl}h (fl}}hd}l,. mhl hs}h mxfdhzhx emhqre} }rlfls (flssxf qhrxf mhxf,. oxf ezls hn dsxl: >Hx sxd} oenhe l emhqrxn l qlee l dlfhdl dx qldh ne ]e}n. ar dxfel {rldfldh$ (Lged PLQ. 1,43 hn e}hs} es}ahn o dx {x}hf isl oenh o}rh [rlfxn. ohn oerh }rlfl}h.mho} {rld en}xn. ohn oerh e ags} }rlfls (}hs}laloeds dld dlsl {hr en}hrxf flssxf en en}hrxffl}}hd}xf {gssh eoohssxf ldqhdlrl,. oxf zloh l e{gs}gnxn: >[rld hn eqhf eoohs ne ]e}n l

xdll l enll d eohnel Mx`$ (Hahshdl LL. 50,4$55=2

Ogfhd}erll$ Emhqre}e {rgbnhf e honhzlgngilhl dx hs}h eohhe e xdl}ll. ol e

rhenl}ll {rhzhdhl nxl Mxfdhzhx d s{elxn Blshrloll$ _ doh{hf ox e{rholhrhe rgnxnxl_ad}xnxl Mx`$ Xrfdmx&l ferhnxl Grlihd erlhdll ex qzx} d Mx`xn ohn oh lds}l}xlh {hh{lsog{l. ohn oh rdmxlh}h snxjlrlnh. ohn oh mls}rlbxlh èrxrlnh (h{lsog{gs ogds}l}xhds ld he h}flds}hrle mlrlihds h} mlqlmhds ire}les,$ 55=? _aldhdle qldh ds mh ne Mxfdhzhx$ Gr. ohsaldhdlh {ge}h al emxsBlshrloll l h{lsog{lngr hl mh o}rh g orhe}xr7 Oxf {ge}h Mx`xn sgrlhd}hzh orhe}xrlnh mld s{elxn Blshrloll o}rh g ld}{h oerh dlol hn dsxl dx g {ge}h e}ldih.oe xdxn oh dx {gshm dlol foer ogdmlle Alxnxl. ox e}} fel {xld {h eohhe e sldixrxnxlMxfdhzhx emhqre} oerh {hd}rx Erlhdl hs}h ]e}n7 [g}rlql} nxl Exphd}lx Xnalne dqe arho`lqgo o hn (Mx`xn, dx hs}h dlol Mxfdhzhx. dlol mxfdhzhxn dgs}rx. ol shrql}grxn nxl@rls}gs. sx{xs l {rhe{nhoe} Alxnxl d}rx }ge}h$ 55== Eo`l}dmx&sh mh eohes} axdolh mhshrql}gr. s{xdh l [ennemlxs. Mx`xn n {rhmlo {h Alxn. sh gahr fr}xrlh {hd}rx Alxn

f{rhxd ox e{gs}gnll l {rld ld}hrfhmlxn e{gs}gnlngr. }redsfl}h e{gs}gnlngr oh exzl} mh neAlxn. sh gox{ mh se}lsaeohrhe dhqglngr l lds}rxlrll Blshrloll$ 55=8 Mx`xn hs}h mhol ohn ohaeolnl}hez dhnhihrhe _orl{}xrll. e fhsejxnxl nxl Llsxs @rls}gs3 {h soxr}. eoohsxn ne Alxn.{g}rlql} }hp}xnxl {exnld mld L Ogrld}hdl PLL. ?$ _a$ Efbrgzlh ds dx sh salh}h s s{xd doxrsxn ogd}rgqhrshl ox erlhdll ne Euxlnhhe o eoh}l gefhdl. oerh zlo o Alxn hs}hdheshfd}gr (mlsslflnhf, ox ]e}n. l d}hfhlez haloeol}e}he g}rqll ngr {h gerixfhd}erh {xr ngilo. oed}gde} d nlfl}hnh g{ldlhl alngzgalngr3 hl dx sxd} mhngo fdel mh g{eslxdh ogds}rxo}lq. ol mh {e}lfe mh e mls}rxih$ (gfdhf hdlf qlf qhdhrgrxf sxgrxf ld

mlenho}loe mls{x}e}lgdh ogds}l}xxd}. uxeh alngsgagrxf shd}hd}le mlaldl}xr. dgd ebs}rxhdmxfèbhd}hs s}xmlxf. shm s}xmlxf mhs}rxhdml, Gr. dx {rld slngilsfh e {nox} nxl Mxfdhzhx seslixrh fd}xlrhe {g{grxnxl sx (_hm dgd ld mlenho}loe ogd{neoxl} Mhg senqxf aeohrh{g{xnxf sxxf,$ 55=1

Ox en}h oxqld}h. erlhdll l nxex nlbhr}e}he mh e lidgre d rhenl}e}h emhqrxn blbnlo{rgahsdm g erixfhd}erh alngzgalo nlbhr. sldixre d fsxr s nh d}hfhlhzh ferhe ngrbnesahflh {g}rlql} orhle Alxn dx hs}h Mxfdhzhx eshfhdhe ]e}nxl$ Ogdmlle shfdene} mh}hp}xn {exnld {hd}rx grloh hphihz. edxfh eohhe o dlfhdl dx qe dhnhih ox emhqre} oldhhs}h Llsxs @rls}gs meo dx qe al sxb onxzlrhe _ad}xnxl Mx` erh sxbdhnhes g {rhfls:dxfel meoMx`xn dsxl hs}h Mxfdhzhx emhqre} eshfhdhe Alxnxl l fel enhs ]e}nxl. dxfelee {ge}h hn al }nfol}grxn ldaelnlbln en Alxnxl l en fhsejxnxl {h oerh eohs}e n&e emrhse}

Blshrloll senh$ Gr. d ogdmlllnh d oerh Mx`xn _ad}. oerh dh esls}. dx {ge}h al dxfl}Mxfdhzhx. dlol Mgfd. ool hn e {rlfl} mh ne Mxfdhzhx (]e}n, hpls}hde {rld ld}hrfhmlxnMgfdxnxl (e Alxnxl, (_{lrl}xs _edo}xs emqgoe}xs dho mhxs dho mgfldxs {g}hs} mlol. shm e Mhg{hr Mgfldxf x} hssh} eooh{l}, dx hs}h mh e}h{}e} oe g orhe}xr. alh he l e Alxnxl aox} negrmldxn ]e}nxl. s emxo efld}h e{gs}gnlngr oxqld}hnh nxl @rls}gs. s fr}xrlshesoldaelnlbln {h @rls}gs d nxfh. s{ge}onxzl emloBlshrloe ne }g} emhqrxn (qhzl Lged PLQ.213 PQ. 213 PQL. 5?,$ Erlhdll fel dqex oMx`xn hs}h ohn oh mls}rlbxlh Blshrloll èrxrlnh(ire}les,$ Gr. ferll erlhdl oxf hs}h oezxn nxl Hxdgflx dx fel orhmhex mhje d eohes}{x}hrh saldl}gerh e ohnxl orhe} mh Alxn$ Alngs}grilx. oerh n&e oxdgsox} {hrsgden alldm hn dsxl

55=2 Ogfhd}erllnh nxl Feplfldxs. 583 d _gxrohs o`r}lhddhs. qgn$ 219. {$ 250&25shfldllngr4 oe l oxf er al fel fxnl. ol>shfldlhl4. oe l oxf er al xdxle sldixr. oerh hs}h @rls}gs. (Xdxs Mhxs }rlde {g}hs}e}hqhdhreblnls. gfdle h} ld gfdlbxs O`rls}xs hs} slox} sorl{}xf hs}: Ebreèh mlo}eh sxd}rh{rgflsslgdhs h} shfldl hlxs: dgd mlol} >ld shfldlbxs4 }eduxef ld fxn}ls shm uxesl ld xdg>h} shfldl4 uxgm hs} O`rls}xs,$ [h beze eohs}xl }hp} d s{holen ls}grloxn F$ Cds}nh e{rholemgo}rlde {rlsolnnledmrh{} xd >{ed`rls}lsf4$ Mhl }hp}hnh ldqgoe}h {er e ex}grlze fel mhirebg }rlemgngilh {e}rl{esled. [rlsolnnled e rhs{lds qh`hfhd} eohes}hrhzlh ogdmefddmx&g$ Felfxn}. d agrfxne be{}lsfen {h oerh g agngshe. mx{ oxf ere} [exn Grgslx. hn dx gfl}heogdjxdole >l4 d}rh {hrsgedhnh }rhlfloh. sxihrdm onh eooh{}oe mls}lo}h l slfxn}edh$ 525=

Ox }ge}h eohs}he `rls}gngile se ogdorh} {erh e al ags} e}lds. {eremgpen. mh{e}rl{esledlsf$ Hs}h ohhe oh sxihrhez ede}hfe}lsfe e LLL&e e ogdolnlxnxl mh ne Breie oerh

ogdmefd }hze se {g}rlql} orhle Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx. Mgfdxn dgs}rx. dx hpls}e deld}h mh esh de}h mld Ferle$ 5258 O`ler meo sxb edxfl}h es{ho}h {erh e al sebhnled odm qgrbh}h.s{rh hphf{nx. mhs{rh @rls}gs oe Xdxs Mhxs }rlde {g}hs}e}h qhdhreblnls. gfdle h} ld gfdlbxsO`rls}xs hs} slox}. sex mgoh} odm sxihrhez o d}rx{erhe d&e eqx} ngo ld qhre `gfldlsde}xre. agrfxne dh} {e}rl{esled ldqlslblnls ohrdl}xr. lddesolblnls desol}xr.ldogf{rh`hdslblnls em}ldh}xr sxb oerh {rhzld} d}rx{erhe e eqx} oe haho} ldhql}ebln g`rls}gngilh emg{ledd oerh @rls}gs hs}h xd slf{nx gf. oerh d&e {x}x} hpls}e ed}hrlgr de}hrllsenh mld Ferle l oerh mld eohs} fg}lq dx hs}h mho} alxn emg{}lq en nxl Mxfdhzhx$ Hs}h lfg}lqxn {hd}rx oerh {rlsolnlhdll ex}grlzex s{hrjxrxn d oez mh {hrshoxlh: emhrhdll ngr n

5255 Ne J$ ]lphrgd}. @ls}glrh mhs mgifhs. [erls. 5


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{x}hex rhdhie {h @rls}gs {hd}rx e so{e mh {rlfhjmlh$ 5251 Eohes} mgo}rld e ldhpls}hdhlAlxnxl ed}hrlgr de}hrll senh mld Ferle qe al {rhnxe}l mh Bgdgsxs. h{lsog{ mh _ermloe. d

jxrxn ednxl ?


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{xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl {hd}rx e mhfgds}re hienl}e}he mlqlde Alxnxl ox Mxfdhzhx ]e}n$ d eohs}ogd}hp} Alnlguxh er al ags} fhdl} s ogfbe} emg{ledlsfxn nxl Bgdgsxs l s ealrfh{rhhpls}hde Alxnxl d re{gr} ox eo}xn de}hrll senh }rx{h}l mld Aholgere3 emg{ledlsfxn nxlBgdgsxs er al ags} ogrho}e} es}ahn {rld}r&g ealrferh e nxl @rls}gs oe alx de}xren en ]e}nxl.oe{ebln l hn s&n {xrohem {h Mx`xn oe l ]e}n$ Ogg{}erhe Alxnxl d eo}xn {xrohmhrll.og{er}lol{erhe se ne eohs} eo}. er al mhfgds}re} es}ahn ogh}hrdl}e}he Alxnxl ox ]e}n oe erixfhd}

dx mger e oghienl}ll senh ox ]e}n. ol l e mls}ldolhl senh {hrsgdenh h}hrdh ae mh ]e}n$Hp{nloele. x}lnlze} {d es}zl mh }hgngill ne}ldl. {ge}h al {nexzlbln: hs}h {gslbln oe mh {hxrfe ogd}rgqhrshl ox {rlsolnledlsfxn. mer fel enhs mh {h xrfe hagr}xnxl mh e ogfbe}hemg{ledlsfxn nxl Bgdgsxs ne}ldll s al rfes ox lf{rhsle o agrfxne {xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl ebx}rguxh axshsh fhdl} ldllen s mgqhmheso mxfdhzhlrhe Alxnxl. hienl}e}he se ox ]e}n. daee xdhl hrhzll oerh g dhie$ Edenlze e}hd} e agrfxnhngr dx ex}grlzhez ds g eshfhdheogdonxzlh {h shefe ohngr oerh ex hfls eohs}h agrfxnh ed}l{rlsolnlhdh. ol mger hrgerhe mh{hrs{ho}lq ls}grlo e ohngr oerh ex ld}hr{rh}e} xn}hrlgr shfdlaloele eohs}gr agrfxnh {des}zl$ Ogdldx}xn ogdorh} en agrfxnhngr. fel enhs ohe e nxl Mefesxs. }rmhezgrlildhe ed}l&erled e eohs}gr fr}xrlslrl$ Erlhdll dll qgr agngsl eohes} erixfhd}erh {hd}rx e mgqhmloereo}hrxn mls}ldo}. dhogdsxbs}edlen. en Mx`xnxl d re{gr} ox ]e}n l ox Alxn$ Exphd}lx enMxrgs}grxnxl qe {rholze d ogfhd}erlxn sx ne orhzxn nxl Xnalne o Hn (Mx`xn, dx hs}h dloldhdsox} (oe ]e}n,. dlol dsox} (oe Alxn,. ol orhe} mh o}rh ohn dhdsox} {rld ld}hrfhmlxnxdloxnxl&dsox}$ Agrfxnhnh ed}l&{rlsolnlhdh ldexixre}h mh {e{e Mefesxs d xrfe sgnlol}rllogdolnlxnxl mh ne _ereigse mld ?0; hrex d rhenl}e}h agrfxnh ed}l&erlhdh ed}hrlgerh$ [hd}rxogd}hp}xn nx{}hl f{g}rlqe hrhzlhl ed}l&erlhdh eohs}h agrfxnh eqxshshr rgnxn s erixfhd}hzhogdsxbs}edlenl}e}he Mx`xnxl ox ]e}n l ox Alxn3 nx{}e ed}l&{rlsolnled sgnlol}e ds.mlf{g}rlq. g erixfhd}erh e mls}ldolhl h}hrdh e Alxnxl ae mh ]e}n l e Mx`xnxl ae mh]e}n l mh Alxn$ Emg{ledlsfxn nxl Bgdgsxs. sx{re{xs ohnxl en nxl [rlsolnled. {erh s&l almh}hrflde} {h ne}ldl s eslflnhzh ohnh mgx hrhzll ohnhl erlhdh d shdsxn xdhl mh{rholhrl eoenl}ll mlqldh e Alxnxl. es{ho} oh }rhbxle ogrho}e} {rld ealrferhe {er}lol{rll nxl h}hrdh en}xrl

mh ]e}n ne eo}xn {xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl$Emg{ledlsfxn xn}hrlgr. ohn en nxl Hnl{edm. h{lsog{ mh ]gnhmg o}rh sarl}xnshognxnxl en QLLL&nhe. dx {erh s al {rhnxdil} eohes}{rgoneferh e nxl Alnlguxh d shdsxn ed}l&{rlsolnnled sex ed}l&bgdgsled$ Hnl{edm dx dhie mlqldl}e}he Alxnxl. oereo}hrxn sx mh alx de}xrenen ]e}nxl oe mxfdhzhx$ Ohhe oh dhie hn hre oereo}hrxn mh alx emhqre} en ]e}nxl {h shefe nxl@rls}gs oe gf$ Hn sxihre o@rls}gs oe gf dsox} mld Ferle dx hs}h alxn rhen en ]e}nxl. ol alxnsx emg{}lq$ d ahnxn eohs}e Hnl{edm rhnxe hrhzle nxl Dhs}grlh. ool xd alx xfed emg{}lq dx felhs}h eohnel ox Alxn nxl Mxfdhzhx. ol g en}{hrsgedoe grloerh en}e mld ohnh xfedh$ Eohes}hrhzlh dx {erh s al rhs{lds Alnlguxh. ool. oxf ere} @hahnh. dx er al {x}x} mhqhdl e}} mh{g{xner d}r&g _{edlh oerh do mh ne sarl}xn shognxnxl en LQ&nhe mhqhdlsh {fd}xn mhbe}ld en eohs}hl agrfxnh ohnhbrh$ 522= Mh en}ahn. emg{ledlsfxn nxl Hnl{edm hre d ed}l}hz

}g}en ox erledlsfxn. mgqem ogd}rgqhrse se ox Flih}lxs$5228

Gr. Blshrloe _{edlgn mhje{rgonefesh ne ]gnhmg d 80< ohnhbre agrfxn f{g}rlq erlhdlngr qlzligl el nxl Rhoerhm$ Hs}hes}ahn {gslbln oe Blshrloe s{edlgn l e{gl d}rheie Blshrlo ne}ld s al rfes ox efld}lrhe{rgonefrll nxl Alnlguxh f{g}rlqe {rlsolnnlhdlngr l bgdgslhdlngr ogdslmhrdmx&n g agrfxnoerh e eqx} dhqglh sesgolhzh {h Alxn d eo}xn {xrohmhrll Mx`xnxl oe fh}gmmh erixfhd}erhe {rhhpls}hdhl senh d re{gr} ox eo}xn de}hrll mld Aholgere l s al xl}e} ox }g}xn mhshfdlaloele grlilder. ed}lerled. eqx}d qhmhrh ne ]gnhmg d 80


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