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7/23/2019 CURS 6 ARITMII.ppt
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AritmiiAritmii
Prof Dr Simona DraganProf Dr Simona Dragan
7/23/2019 CURS 6 ARITMII.ppt
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• Cuplarea excitatie-contractie
• Propagarea potentialului de actiune
• Electrocardiograma (ECG)
Electrofziologie siElectrofziologie sielectrocardiografeelectrocardiografe
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FiziologieFiziologie
• Potential transmembranar : diferenta de voltaj intre interiorul siexteriorul celulei (intracelular/extracelular)
• Potentialul de actiune: modificarea voltajului transmembranar
in timpul fiecarui ciclu cardiac• Canale ionice: structuri proteice transmembranare ce permit
trecerea selectiva a ionilor prin membrana in timpul faelor
specifice ale potentialului de actiune
• Canale ionice majore ce contribuie la potentialul de actiune:
sodiu(! "a)# potasiu (!$ )# calciu (!Ca)
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Propagarea excitatieiPropagarea excitatiei
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Potentialul de actiune siPotentialul de actiune si
contractia muscularacontractia muscularacuplarea excitatie-contractiecuplarea excitatie-contractie
-%& m'(Potential de repaus)
& m' - - - - - - -
aa & * + ,
!Ca
!nfluxul de Ca*in celula. trigger
pentru contractia
fibrelor cardiace
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Propagarea potentialuluiPropagarea potentialului
de actiunede actiune
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Rolul ionilor in celula cardiacaRolul ionilor in celula cardiaca
• Sodiu (Na+)
- depolarizare rapida de membrana (<1 ms) ⇒ propagarea rapida a
activarii electrice ⇒ sincronizare camerala• Potasiu (K+)
-revenirea potentialului de repaus in sistola (repolarizare)
-mentinerea potentialului de repaus in diastola
• Calciu(Ca2+)
- element-cheie in cuplarea excitatie-contractie
- conducere nodala lenta
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Functia canalelor deFunctia canalelor de
Na+Na+ Unda de depolarizare din nodul SAUnda de depolarizare din nodul SA
canalele de Na+ secanalele de Na+ se deschiddeschid curent de Na+ inspre interior = faza 0 acurent de Na+ inspre interior = faza 0 apotentialului de actiunepotentialului de actiune
Curentul de Na+ scade rapidCurentul de Na+ scade rapid
canalele devincanalele devin
inactiveinactive
recerea din starea recerea din starea inactivainactiva repausrepaus = reactivare !dependenta de= reactivare !dependenta detimp si volta"#timp si volta"#
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Clasi$carea %aughan&'illiams aClasi$carea %aughan&'illiams aantiaritmicelorantiaritmicelor ip ( )locante canale Na+ ip ( )locante canale Na+
( A Disopiramida* procainamida* chinidina( A Disopiramida* procainamida* chinidina &alungirea repolarizarii&alungirea repolarizarii ( ) idocaina* me,iletin( ) idocaina* me,iletin & scurtarea repolarizarii& scurtarea repolarizarii
( C -lecainid* moricizina* propafenona( C -lecainid* moricizina* propafenona & fara efect pe repolarizare& fara efect pe repolarizare ip (( )eta&.locante ip (( )eta&.locante ip ((( )locante canale /+ ip ((( )locante canale /+ & alungirea repolarizarii& alungirea repolarizarii Amiodarona* .retlium* i.utilide* sotalolAmiodarona* .retlium* i.utilide* sotalol ip (% )locante canale Ca++ ip (% )locante canale Ca++ Diltiazem* verapamilDiltiazem* verapamil
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LegareaLegarea
antiaritmicelor deantiaritmicelor decanalele ionicecanalele ionice 1uinidina* procainamida* disopiramida se leaga1uinidina* procainamida* disopiramida se leaga
preferential in starea activa a canalelor de Na+preferential in starea activa a canalelor de Na+
Amiodarona se leaga e,clusiv in starea inactivaAmiodarona se leaga e,clusiv in starea inactivaa canalelor de Na+a canalelor de Na+
idocaina se leaga in starile active si inactiveidocaina se leaga in starile active si inactiveale canalelor de Na+ale canalelor de Na+
%erapamil* diltiazem se leaga in starile active si%erapamil* diltiazem se leaga in starile active siinactive ale canalelor de Ca++inactive ale canalelor de Ca++
1uinidina* .retliul si sotalolul au efect inversat1uinidina* .retliul si sotalolul au efect inversatasupra .locarii canalelor de /+* determinandasupra .locarii canalelor de /+* determinandalungirea repolarizarii in tesuturile cualungirea repolarizarii in tesuturile curepolarizare mai lungarepolarizare mai lunga
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Sistemul de derivatii EinthovenSistemul de derivatii Einthoven
! . Φ0 - Φ1
!! . Φ
- Φ1
!!! . Φ - Φ0
0egea lui $irc22off:
! !!! . !!
Φ1 Φ0
Φ
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Cauzele aritmiilorCauzele aritmiilor
• Generarea anormala a impulsului:
• pacema3er anormal: generare inceata/rapida in nodul 45
• pacema3er ectopic in atrii sau ventricului (leading pacema3er)
• Conducerea anormala a impulsului:
• bloc in conducere / reintrare
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Pacemaer anormal! aritmiiPacemaer anormal! aritmiisinusalesinusale
• 6a2icardie sinusala:
nod sinusal rapid
• 7radicardie sinusala:
nod sinusal lent
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Pacemaer ectopic " cauzaPacemaer ectopic " cauzaaritmiilor extrasistolicearitmiilor extrasistolice
John G. Webster
E78E &9
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#ecanismele aritmiilor#ecanismele aritmiilor
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#ecanismul de reintrare al#ecanismul de reintrare alaritmiiloraritmiilor
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FlutterFlutteratrial prinatrial prinreintrarereintrare
;aldo et al# Circ %%
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2AN(-3S4R( C(N(C32AN(-3S4R( C(N(C3
Su.iectiv5Su.iectiv5 Palpita6ii5 nu traduc o.ligator o aritmie 77Palpita6ii5 nu traduc o.ligator o aritmie 77 Dureri precordialeDureri precordiale 8.oseala8.oseala Presincopa9sincopaPresincopa9sincopa
& car& carddiopatia su."acent: 5 )C 9 P%2 9 C2;8iopatia su."acent: 5 )C 9 P%2 9 C2;8 & somatizare& somatizare Ame6eli 9 lipotimii repetate 5 sincopa Adams < StoesAme6eli 9 lipotimii repetate 5 sincopa Adams < Stoes ul.ur:ri digestive prin hipodiastolie !tahiaritmii ul.ur:ri digestive prin hipodiastolie !tahiaritmii
paro,istice#paro,istice# ul.ur:ri su.iective datorate tonsului vegetativ5 ul.ur:ri su.iective datorate tonsului vegetativ5
polipnee* transpira6ii profuze* de.acluri diareicepolipnee* transpira6ii profuze* de.acluri diareice
8.iectiv5 Su.strat etiologic8.iectiv5 Su.strat etiologic
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A(UD(N3 PRAC(CA (N -AA UN3(A(UD(N3 PRAC(CA (N -AA UN3(AR(2((AR(2((
Puls palpa.il>Puls palpa.il> Aritmie maligna>Aritmie maligna> A> A> Pacient sta.il hemodinamic sau nu>Pacient sta.il hemodinamic sau nu> ul.urare de ritm regulata sau ul.urare de ritm regulata sau
neregulata>neregulata> ahi&sau .radicardie> ahi&sau .radicardie>
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storic de palpitatii
!"G# $%
preexcitatie &e exclus '"& *+
%usp. W,W ipul aritmiei
(istoric)
storic sincopa/
aritmolog
,alpitatii regulate
sustinute,alpitatii neregulate
%usp. 0 02 cu
raspuns variabil
monitorizare
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AR(2(( 3?RAS(S8(C3AR(2(( 3?RAS(S8(C3
aatrialetriale
ventriculareventriculare
CLASIFICAREA LOWN ESV:
Clasa I: < 3 ESV!o"#
Clasa II: $ 3 ESV!o"#
Clasa IIIa:ESV %oli&o"'
Clasa III: i*&iis&
Clasa IVa: dult, t"i%lt
Clasa IV: ta-ica"di.t"icula"#
Clasa V: 'o& R!/
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A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
identi$carea factorilor precipitan6i5 coca&cola* cafea* alcool 9identi$carea factorilor precipitan6i5 coca&cola* cafea* alcool 9simpaticomimetice 9 an,ietate 9 cardiopatii su."acentesimpaticomimetice 9 an,ietate 9 cardiopatii su."acente
antiaritmiceantiaritmice
&& .eta&.locante.eta&.locante
77 ocainida 9 Chinidina 9 Amiodarona 5 pe termen lung ocainida 9 Chinidina 9 Amiodarona 5 pe termen lung to,icitate important:to,icitate important:
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A;(CARD(( CU S3C%3N@4 R3UA4 A A;(CARD(( CU S3C%3N@4 R3UA4 A1RS1RS
1RS su.6ire1RS su.6ire
ahicardie sinusal: 5 -C ahicardie sinusal: 5 -C == B0 .9minB0 .9min
ahicardie paro,istica supraventricular:5 -C ahicardie paro,istica supraventricular:5 -C == B0&00 9minB0&00 9min
Rit"a" it"aat"ial# sauauto&atis& ao"&al al clullo"at"ial
Rit"a" % cal ao"&al#
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Tahicardii cu QRS subtire
Tahicardie regulata
DA NU
Unde P vizibile
NU
DA FIA FA
Frecventa A!Frecventa "
FAAnaliza
interval RP
DA
NU
Scurt RP # PR Scurt RP # PR
Scurt RP # PR ung RP ! PR
Tahic atr$
nodala ati%ice
RP # &' (s RP ! &' (s
Tahic nodala
Tahic nodala$
atriala
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2
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Raspuns:Raspuns: Tahicardie paroxistica supraventricularaTahicardie paroxistica supraventriculara
Identificare ECGIdentificare ECG
Ritm:Ritm: RegulatRegulat
Frecventa:Frecventa: 140 - 250 b/min140 - 250 b/minUnda P:Unda P: Anormala (ascutita! inclusa in unda T care o precede " o singuraAnormala (ascutita! inclusa in unda T care o precede " o singura
de#lexiune (undaT-$! $ precede #iecare complex %R& daca nu existade#lexiune (undaT-$! $ precede #iecare complex %R& daca nu exista
bloc a-vbloc a-v
Intervalul PR: deobicei nu se poate masuraIntervalul PR: deobicei nu se poate masura
Complexul QRS:Complexul QRS: 'ormal (010 sec'ormal (010 sec
2
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2anevre vagale5 cupeaz: accesul 7 !reintrare pe cale2anevre vagale5 cupeaz: accesul 7 !reintrare pe cale
anormal:#anormal:# AntiaritmiceAntiaritmice EE de prim: liniede prim: linieFF
AdenozinaAdenozina
mg iGvG !.olus#mg iGvG !.olus#* AP8( R3P3A B mg daca nu este* AP8( R3P3A B mg daca nu este
raspunsraspuns 3fecte adverse5 .radiaritmii* Hushing* durere precordiala3fecte adverse5 .radiaritmii* Hushing* durere precordiala
Atentie la asocierea5 .eta .locant* calciu .locant* digo,inAtentie la asocierea5 .eta .locant* calciu .locant* digo,in %erapamil%erapamil
I mg iGvG lentI mg iGvG lent Joc electric e,tern sincron* su. anestezieJoc electric e,tern sincron* su. anestezie
/PSV 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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Tahicardii regulate
QRS subtire
AD)N*+INA iv
FC
neschi(bata
FC scade
tre%tat$ a%oi
creste iar
Incetare
brusca
Persista tahicardia
cu bloc a,v de grad
inalt tranzitor
• Doza ine-icienta
• T" cu origine se%talainalta
•T. sinusala
•T.A -ocala
•T. /onctionala
•A"NRT
•Reintraresinusala
•T.A -ocala
•FA
•T.A
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/a-ica"di cu5RS la"*
R*ulat!"*ulat
reg.nereg
6a." .a*al !ado7ia
030234 cu conducere
variabila
a. 'loc de ramura
b. "onducere retrograda
AV :
5 in
antecedente6
1A N0
7$% in precordiale
8
8
3 02
'$%3'$& tipic
%'$&
pattern6/V '$% pattern
6/V
<14 identic cu 4=QRS identic
cu RS0
/SV Fara %attern
R1S >T"
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#anagementul acut al#anagementul acut al
tahicardiilor cu $%Stahicardiilor cu $%Slarglarg &PS' + (loc de ramura&PS' + (loc de ramura - identic cu &PS' cu $%S su(tire- identic cu &PS' cu $%S su(tire &PS'+)P)&PS'+)P) - *ecainid- *ecainid ,, mg,, mg - cardioversie- cardioversie &PS' cu $%S larg de etiologie necunoscuta&PS' cu $%S larg de etiologie necunoscuta - sotalol- sotalol x , mg.zix , mg.zi - amiodarona- amiodarona /0,-1,, mg i2v2 3n 1 min sau 3n per4uzie/0,-1,, mg i2v2 3n 1 min sau 3n per4uzie
de 1, minde 1, min per4uzie 5proflactic67 -1 mg.minper4uzie 5proflactic67 -1 mg.min - cardioversie- cardioversie &PS' cu $&PS' cu $%%S larg de etiologie necunoscuta si FE scazutaS larg de etiologie necunoscuta si FE scazuta
- amiodarona- amiodarona 0 mg.g.0 min0 mg.g.0 min - cardioversie- cardioversie - xilina 8nitial!- xilina 8nitial! / - /20 mg.g 8'9 repetat ,20 to ,2:0/ - /20 mg.g 8'9 repetat ,20 to ,2:0
mg.g la 0-/, min9 max total 1mg.g9 per4uzie! / - ; mg.minmg.g la 0-/, min9 max total 1mg.g9 per4uzie! / - ; mg.min
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Cardioversia sincronaCardioversia sincrona
2odul ESncF2odul ESncF
& descarca energie imediat dupa unda& descarca energie imediat dupa unda
RR & evita descarcarea pe unda !trigger& evita descarcarea pe unda !trigger
pentru -%#pentru -%#
(ndicatii(ndicatii
& toate tahicardiile cu -C K BI0 .pm& toate tahicardiile cu -C K BI0 .pmsimptomaticesimptomatice
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-recven6a atrial:-recven6a atrial: == I0&LI0 .9minI0&LI0 .9min
-recven6a ventricular:-recven6a ventricular: = gradul .loca"ului 9B= gradul .loca"ului 9B BI0.9minBI0.9min
B9BB9B sincopasincopa
FL0//ER0L A/RIAL cu loca8 'i9 (2!, 3!, !)
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AN(AR(2(C3AN(AR(2(C3a#a# ce Mntrzie r:spunsul ventricularce Mntrzie r:spunsul ventricular
& D(8?(N iGvG& D(8?(N iGvGasociere utila5 Digo,in + .eta&.locantasociere utila5 Digo,in + .eta&.locant
.#.# conversia la RSconversia la RS& Rthmonorm !Propafenona#& Rthmonorm !Propafenona#& Amiodarona& Amiodarona& Ooc electric e,t& Ooc electric e,ternern I0&B00 'secI0&B00 'sec
c#c# prevenirea recuren6elorprevenirea recuren6elor& antiaritmice5 digital: 9 amiodaron: 9 verapamil& antiaritmice5 digital: 9 amiodaron: 9 verapamil& a.la6ia prin R- !-l AG refractar la antiaritmice#& a.la6ia prin R- !-l AG refractar la antiaritmice#
FL0//ER0L A/RIAL 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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02
instabil
cardioversie
" soc 5
antiaritmice ablatie
stabil
"ontrol
"ardioversie 3
pacing 3
conversie
armacol
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1RS larg1RS larg
A;(CARD(A %3NR(CUAR4 A;(CARD(A %3NR(CUAR4
== L sau mai multe comple,e ventriculare consecutive sau oL sau mai multe comple,e ventriculare consecutive sau o
frecven6:frecven6: KK B0 .9minB0 .9min
/A;ICAR1II C0 SECVEN RE=0LA/ A 5RS
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR > ?i t#@
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accesacces KK L0 secL0 sec colaps hemodinamiccolaps hemodinamic conversieconversie
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR >sus?iut#@
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR > ?i t#@
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accesacces L0 secL0 sec se termin:se termin:
spontanspontan
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR >sus?iut#@
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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a#a# Mn acces %* f:r: degradare hemodinamic: Mn acces %* f:r: degradare hemodinamic: !.olnav sta.il#!.olnav sta.il# RAA23N 23D(CA RAA23N 23D(CA
& ?ilina B*I mg9gGc iGvG !.olus#& ?ilina B*I mg9gGc iGvG !.olus#** urmat de perfuzieurmat de perfuzie B to QB to Q
mg9min !L0&I0 mcg9g9min#mg9min !L0&I0 mcg9g9min# r:spuns a.sent la primul .olus se repet: al ((&lea .olus la I minGr:spuns a.sent la primul .olus se repet: al ((&lea .olus la I minG dispari6ia aritmiei sau Ddispari6ia aritmiei sau Dtoatal:toatal: == Bg9Q oreBg9Q ore
& Procainamida I0 mg9min !perfuzie#& Procainamida I0 mg9min !perfuzie#& osilatul de .retiliu I mg9gGcG iGvG in BI min& osilatul de .retiliu I mg9gGcG iGvG in BI min perfuzie !Iperfuzie !I
mg9gGc 9Q h#mg9gGc 9Q h#
& Amiodarona BI0&L00 mg iGvG Mn L min sau Mn perfuzie de L0& Amiodarona BI0&L00 mg iGvG Mn L min sau Mn perfuzie de L0minmin perfuzie Epro$lactic:F &L mg9minperfuzie Epro$lactic:F &L mg9min
& 2e,iletin B00 < 00 mgG iGvG !.olus#& 2e,iletin B00 < 00 mgG iGvG !.olus# perfuzie de Mnc:rcareperfuzie de Mnc:rcareI0 mg Mn prima or: !ma,G B g9Qh#I0 mg Mn prima or: !ma,G B g9Qh#
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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.#.# Mn acces % cu consecin6e hemodinamice Mn acces % cu consecin6e hemodinamice !.olnav insta.il# sau!.olnav insta.il# saulips: r:spuns la terapia medicamentoas:lips: r:spuns la terapia medicamentoas:
Joc electric e,tern5 B0 < BI "ouliJoc electric e,tern5 B0 < BI "ouliine$cient se repet: la B& minG inc: Oocuri de 00 Oi L00 'ine$cient se repet: la B& minG inc: Oocuri de 00 Oi L00 '
secGsecG
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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c#c# corec6ia condi6iilor reversi.ile ce ini6iaz: 9 men6in %corec6ia condi6iilor reversi.ile ce ini6iaz: 9 men6in %
(schemia miocardic:(schemia miocardic:
(nsu$cien6a cardiac:(nsu$cien6a cardiac: )radicardia sinusal: 9 atropin:)radicardia sinusal: 9 atropin: diselectrolitemiadiselectrolitemia
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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d#d# 2edica6ia pro$lactic:2edica6ia pro$lactic:
)eta&.locante)eta&.locante
AmiodaronaAmiodarona SotalolulSotalolul 2agneziu* potasiu2agneziu* potasiu
e#e# DDe$.rilator cardiac implanta.ile$.rilator cardiac implanta.il !CD(#!CD(#
/A;ICAR1IA VEN/RIC0LAR 4 A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
FL0//ER0L VEN/RIC0LAR
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activitate ventricular: regulat: !deHe,iuni cu aceeaOiactivitate ventricular: regulat: !deHe,iuni cu aceeaOimorfologie Oi amplitudine ce Mnlocuiesc undele R Oi S#morfologie Oi amplitudine ce Mnlocuiesc undele R Oi S#
segment S Oi unda nu se distingsegment S Oi unda nu se disting frecven6a ritmului ventricularfrecven6a ritmului ventricular == B0 < I0 .9minB0 < I0 .9min
FL0//ER0L VEN/RIC0LAR
/ORSA1A VRF0L0I
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== tahiartahiarititmie ventricular: cu modi$carea continua amie ventricular: cu modi$carea continua avectorului 1RSvectorului 1RS
-recven6a ventricular: BI0 < 0 .9min-recven6a ventricular: BI0 < 0 .9min R < R varia.ilR < R varia.il 1 lung !frecvent#1 lung !frecvent#
/ORSA1A VRF0L0I
/ORSA1A VRF0L0I A/I/01INE /ERAPE0/IC
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sistarea medica6iei anterioare 5 antidepresive 9 fenotiazine 9sistarea medica6iei anterioare 5 antidepresive 9 fenotiazine 9antiaritmice (A < (C < (((antiaritmice (A < (C < (((
normalizarea electroli6ilor 5 /* 2gnormalizarea electroli6ilor 5 /* 2g Stop cardiac cu torsada sau hipomagneziemie #gCl /- mg diluatStop cardiac cu torsada sau hipomagneziemie #gCl /- mg diluatin /, mls (ol 8'in /, mls (ol 8'
&orsada de pointes 4ara stop /- mg in 0,-/,,ml o4 0< dextroza9 in&orsada de pointes 4ara stop /- mg in 0,-/,,ml o4 0< dextroza9 in0,-=, minute 8'0,-=, minute 8'
sta.ilizarea electro$ziologiei cardiace5 pacing atrialsta.ilizarea electro$ziologiei cardiace5 pacing atrial
/ORSA1A VRF0L0I 4 A/I/01INE /ERAPE0/IC
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-()R(A@(A AR(A4-()R(A @(A AR(A4
&& unde EfF atriale* cu frecven6: Q00 < 00 .9minunde EfF atriale* cu frecven6: Q00 < 00 .9min& Ritm ventricular neregulatRitm ventricular neregulat& 1RS normal sau )RD !la frecven6e mari#1RS normal sau )RD !la frecven6e mari#
/A;ICAR1II C0 SECVEN NERE=0LA/ A 5RS
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,rima detectie
,aroxistica ,ersistenta
,ermanenta
Patternuri de F8APatternuri de F8A
SRA3(( 3RSRA3(( 3RAAP3U(C3P3U(C3
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SRA3(( 3RSRA3(( 3RAAP3U(C3P3U(C3
& -A& -A rapidarapida cu (C clinic manifest: sau cu disfunc6ie sistolic:cu (C clinic manifest: sau cu disfunc6ie sistolic:important:important:
& -A cu accese recurente multiple 9 frecvente& -A cu accese recurente multiple 9 frecvente
& -A cu accidente trom.em.olice recurente !& -A cu accidente trom.em.olice recurente ! L luni# Oi dovadaL luni# Oi dovadatrom.ozei Mn atriu sau %Strom.ozei Mn atriu sau %S
& -A simptomatic:& -A simptomatic: cu alterare hemodinamicacu alterare hemodinamica
SI/0A/II 1E 0R=EN/A
RES/ABILIREA RI/60L0I SIN0SAL PRIN CONVERSIE
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(ndica6ii5(ndica6ii5 primul episod -primul episod -((A* Mn a.sen6a C(A* Mn a.sen6a C( zile dupa instalare zile dupa instalare
Contraindica6ii5Contraindica6ii5 --((A cu durat:A cu durat: KK B anB an
AS cu diametruAS cu diametru KK I cmI cm)oal: de nod sinusal)oal: de nod sinusal
-A cu ritm ventricular spontan-A cu ritm ventricular spontan lentlent
rom.oz: de AS rom.oz: de AS
(C necontrolat: medicamentos(C necontrolat: medicamentos
RES/ABILIREA RI/60L0I SIN0SAL PRIN CONVERSIEELEC/RICA
CONVERSIA ELEC/RIC LA RI/6 SIN0SAL
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a#a# cardioversia e,tern:cardioversia e,tern:5 -5 -((A cu deterioarea sever: aA cu deterioarea sever: ahemodinamicii 5hemodinamicii 5
3PA* hA* Ooc* angin: sever:3PA* hA* Ooc* angin: sever: AnticoagulareAnticoagulare Joc electric e,tern sicron pe undaJoc electric e,tern sicron pe unda RR B00 T !ini6ial#* urmatB00 T !ini6ial#* urmat
de ma,im Oocuri succesive !ma, L0 T#de ma,im Oocuri succesive !ma, L0 T#
.#.# ccardioversia intern:ardioversia intern:5 selec6ionare 75 selec6ionare 7
CONVERSIA ELEC/RIC LA RI/6 SIN0SAL
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De evaluat5De evaluat5 cardiopatia ischemic:cardiopatia ischemic:disfunc6ia %Sdisfunc6ia %S
-C repaus 9efort-C repaus 9efort
a#a# AN(AR(2(C3AN(AR(2(C3 !monoterapie 9 asocieri#!monoterapie 9 asocieri#
& Digo,in dG Mnc:rcare& Digo,in dG Mnc:rcare == B < B*I mg9zi iGvG !frac6ionat#B < B*I mg9zi iGvG !frac6ionat#
dG Mntre6ineredG Mntre6inere == 0*BI < 0*LI mg9zi0*BI < 0*LI mg9zi
& )eta&.locant& )eta&.locant
& )locante canale de calciu5 Diltiazem L , 0 mg9zi& )locante canale de calciu5 Diltiazem L , 0 mg9zi
%erapamil L ,0 mg9zi%erapamil L ,0 mg9zi.#.# AN(R82)8(C3AN(R82)8(C3
& anticoagulant oral pe termen lung5 (NR& anticoagulant oral pe termen lung5 (NR == < L < L
& aspirin: la cei cu C( de anticoagulare& aspirin: la cei cu C( de anticoagulare
CON/ROL0L 6E1ICA6EN/OS AL FC
CONVERSIA FAR6ACOLO=IC LA RI/6 SIN0SAL
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ip BA ip BA DisopramidDisopramidaa B00 < Q00 mg9 oreB00 < Q00 mg9 ore
Procainamid:Procainamid: I0 mg la oreI0 mg la ore
Chinidin:Chinidin: L00 &00 mg9 oreL00 &00 mg9 ore
ip BC ip BC-lecainida-lecainida B00 < 00 mg9B oreB00 < 00 mg9B ore
PropafenonaPropafenona BI0 < L00 mg9 oreBI0 < L00 mg9 ore
2oricizin:2oricizin:
ip ((( ip ((( Amiodaron:Amiodaron: 00 < Q00 mg9Q ore00 < Q00 mg9Q ore
SotalolSotalol 0 < B0 mg9B ore0 < B0 mg9B ore
(.utilid(.utilid
DofetilidDofetilid
CONVERSIA FAR6ACOLO=IC LA RI/6 SIN0SAL
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&ipuri de proaritmii&ipuri de proaritmiiinduse de tratamentulinduse de tratamentul
antiaritmic in F8Aantiaritmic in F8A Proaritmii ventriculareProaritmii ventriculare & torsada !(A* (((#& torsada !(A* (((# & tahicardie ventriculara monomorfa !(C#& tahicardie ventriculara monomorfa !(C#
& % polimorfa sustinuta !(A* (C* (((#& % polimorfa sustinuta !(A* (C* (((# Proaritmii atrialeProaritmii atriale & recurente !(A* (C* (((#& recurente !(A* (C* (((# & trecere in -A !(C#& trecere in -A !(C#
ul.urari de conducere ul.urari de conducere & accelerarea conducerii pe calea accesorie !(A*& accelerarea conducerii pe calea accesorie !(A*(C#(C#
& .loc av !digo,in* toate antiaritmicele#& .loc av !digo,in* toate antiaritmicele#
U)URU)UR4R( D3 C8NDUC3R34R( D3 C8NDUC3R3
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U)UR U)UR4R( D3 C8NDUC3R34R( D3 C8NDUC3R3
2AN(-3S4R( C(N(C32AN(-3S4R( C(N(C3
&& -orme asimptomatice-orme asimptomatice& -orme simptomatice5 lipotimie 9 sincop: 9 precipitare&agravare (C-orme simptomatice5 lipotimie 9 sincop: 9 precipitare&agravare (C
)loc A% ((()loc A% (((
& .radicardie L0 < Q0 .9minG* $,:* regulat:& .radicardie L0 < Q0 .9minG* $,:* regulat:& disocia6ie radio&"ugular:& disocia6ie radio&"ugular:
& ;A sistolic:& ;A sistolic:
& zgomot de tun& zgomot de tun
& sistol: Mn ecou& sistol: Mn ecou
BRA1ICAR1IA %"i BLOC0RI AV
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U)UR U)UR4R( D34R( D3
C8NDUC3R3C8NDUC3R3
U)URU)UR4R( D3 C8NDUC3R34R( D3 C8NDUC3R3
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U)UR U)UR4R( D3 C8NDUC3R34R( D3 C8NDUC3R3
evaluare su.strat 9 tratament patogeneticevaluare su.strat 9 tratament patogenetic sstrati$carea risculuitrati$carea riscului
& Atropin: 0*I < B mg iGvG& Atropin: 0*I < B mg iGvG hipervagotoniehipervagotonie& pacing&ul atrial& pacing&ul atrial
& implant de pace&maer !forme simptomatice#& implant de pace&maer !forme simptomatice#
A/I/01INE PRAC/IC
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2asuri de urgenta in2asuri de urgenta in
.radiaritmii
.radiaritmii ratament in .radicardiile simptomatice ratament in .radicardiile simptomatice
indiferent de cauza5indiferent de cauza5
&intreruperea stimularii vagale&intreruperea stimularii vagale
& drog de prima linie5 atropina* 0*I0 mg& drog de prima linie5 atropina* 0*I0 mgrepetat pana la total L mgrepetat pana la total L mg
& isoprenalina* adrenalina& isoprenalina* adrenalina Pacientii insta.ili5 Pacing tranzitor transcutanatPacientii insta.ili5 Pacing tranzitor transcutanat
sau transvenos !CP#* atropina +9& adrenalinasau transvenos !CP#* atropina +9& adrenalina Pacientii sta.ili cu risc de asistolie ! pauze KLPacientii sta.ili cu risc de asistolie ! pauze KL
sec sau .loc infranodal#5 Pacing tranzitorsec sau .loc infranodal#5 Pacing tranzitor
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A#8>?A%>NAA#8>?A%>NA Precautii &vasodilatatie 9 hipotensiunePrecautii &vasodilatatie 9 hipotensiune
& efect inotrop negativ& efect inotrop negativ Atentie in insu$cienta renalaAtentie in insu$cienta renala D83 < Stop cardiac5 L00 mg (% in .ol* repetat BI0 mg (% inD83 < Stop cardiac5 L00 mg (% in .ol* repetat BI0 mg (% in
.ol la L& I minute !daza ma, cumulativa Gg9Q h#.ol la L& I minute !daza ma, cumulativa Gg9Q h#& Alte aritmii5 I mg9g in I0 ml IV de,troza in 0& Alte aritmii5 I mg9g in I0 ml IV de,troza in 0
minute & * apoi B0&BI mg9g in Q hminute & * apoi B0&BI mg9g in Q h
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A#8>?A%>NAA#8>?A%>NA (ndicatii <(ndicatii < & tratament -% iresponsive la soc sau al %& tratament -% iresponsive la soc sau al %
fara pulsfara puls & tratament % polimorfa si cu comple,e largi& tratament % polimorfa si cu comple,e largi
de etiologie necunoscutade etiologie necunoscuta &controlul % hemodinamic sta.ile cand&controlul % hemodinamic sta.ile cand
cardioversia fara succes !mai ales la pacientiicardioversia fara succes !mai ales la pacientiicu (%S#cu (%S#
&ad"uvant in electroconversia S%&ad"uvant in electroconversia S% &conversia sau controlul -(A9-A&conversia sau controlul -(A9-A
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@E&A @L>CAN&E@E&A @L>CAN&E Precautii < administrarea concomitenta iv dePrecautii < administrarea concomitenta iv de
Ca++ .locante5 hipotensiuneCa++ .locante5 hipotensiune &Contraindicatii5 (%S severa* hipoperfuzie*&Contraindicatii5 (%S severa* hipoperfuzie*
.loc av gr sau L* precautii in .ronhospasm.loc av gr sau L* precautii in .ronhospasm D83 3smolol& 0GI mg9g in B min* apoiD83 3smolol& 0GI mg9g in B min* apoi
perfuzie 0G0Img9g9min !ma, 0GLperfuzie 0G0Img9g9min !ma, 0GL
mg9g9min#mg9g9min# Atenolol&I mg incet (% !I mi#* se asteapta B0Atenolol&I mg incet (% !I mi#* se asteapta B0min* apoi a doua dozamin* apoi a doua doza
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'erapamil'erapamil (ndicatii <S% cu comple,e su.tiri fara alterare(ndicatii <S% cu comple,e su.tiri fara alterare
hemodinamicahemodinamica &controlul raspunsului ventricular in -(A* -A* ;A&controlul raspunsului ventricular in -(A* -A* ;A Precautii <Precautii < Nu se foloseste in S% cu comple,e largiNu se foloseste in S% cu comple,e largi Nu se foloseste in 'P' cu -(A* sic sinus* .loc av siNu se foloseste in 'P' cu -(A* sic sinus* .loc av si
Lrd fara pacemaerLrd fara pacemaer &determina scaderea A&determina scaderea A
&poate e,acer.a (C la pacientii cu (%S&poate e,acer.a (C la pacientii cu (%S &atentie la asocierea cu .eta .locante&atentie la asocierea cu .eta .locante Doze GImg & Img (% .ol in &L minute* a doua dozaDoze GImg & Img (% .ol in &L minute* a doua doza
daca este necesar dupa BI&L0 minuteG 2a, 0mgdaca este necesar dupa BI&L0 minuteG 2a, 0mg
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L8?>CA8NAL8?>CA8NA (ndicatii < S8P cardiac prin -%9%(ndicatii < S8P cardiac prin -%9% &% sta.ila cu comple,e largi de etiologie&% sta.ila cu comple,e largi de etiologie
necunoscutanecunoscuta Precautii&Precautii& in insuf hepatica sau (%S < to,icitate <in insuf hepatica sau (%S < to,icitate <
intrerupere imediat Doza &(nitial 5 B to BGIintrerupere imediat Doza &(nitial 5 B to BGImg9g (%mg9g (%
&repeta 0GI to 0GI mg9g la I&B0 minutes*&repeta 0GI to 0GI mg9g la I&B0 minutes*ma, total Lmg9gma, total Lmg9g &Perfuzie5 B to Q mg9min !L0 & I0 mcg9g9min#&Perfuzie5 B to Q mg9min !L0 & I0 mcg9g9min#