Crearea Sistemului Banesc Al Leului

8/17/2019 Crearea Sistemului Banesc Al Leului

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UNIVERSITATEA TRANSILVANIA BRAŞOVFACULTATEA DE DREPTSPECIALIZAREA DREPT

DISCIPLINA:

DREPT BANCAR

TEMA:

CREAREA SISTEMULUIBĂNESC AL LEULUI

PETRE SILVIA CRISTINA

BRAŞOV2012


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CREAREA SISTEMULUI BĂNESC AL LEULUI PETRE SILVIA CRISTINA

CUPRINS

1.INTRODUCERE........................................................................................................3

2.ISTORIA MONETARĂ DE DINAINTEA LEULUI..............................4

3.PRIMUL LEU..............................................................................................................5

3.1.PERIOADA ANTEBELICĂ.................................................................................5

3.2.PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ ȘI AL DOILEA RĂZBOI MONDIAL........6

4.AL DOILEA LEU......................................................................................................7

5.AL TREILEA LEU (ROL)...................................................................................8

5.1.PERIOADA COMUNISTĂ..................................................................................8

5.2.PERIOADA POST-REVOLUȚIONARĂ........................................................9

6.AL PATRULEA LEU(RON)...........................................................................11

7.CONCLUZII...............................................................................................................12

BIBLIOGRAFIE..........................................................................................................13


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2


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1. INTRODUCERE

De ! "#$%&!'ee %&(e)e *#e+e, , #&%!(e / 0e !#*($ +#! 'e #'"!$+0$# )e e '!$ )e ee / 0( ! !(+(&ee )e 0!'+ +!#e (e "&,(e'+ !' 0#($$(!#e '-! 0!#+$#' $( )#$% "&!#e $(*.

Le$ #&%(e'+ )e! #( / !#e !0#&!0e 14 )e !( / ! "&' 0#e+e)! )e %&(e)e)(#e +ee %! ):e#'e. De-! $(*$ 'e !( )( !$# )( !#*( '!$ )( #&(:e( )( +ee 0!#$ # !$ +#+$! 0e e#$ P#(+0!e ("$e(() e+&(&%!)!# , :!! )e &!e ee ! #&%(.

S0#e '"#,$ 'e+&$$ ! ;VI-e! )(#e &!e "e$#e )e !e# )e !#*( ( +&(,(!+&e+: ! #&%( >(+ ! )e:e(& %&(e) )e #e"e#(. C!# , )$0

)'0!#! e$$ )( +#+$!e 0#e$#e !$ +&(($! ' "e +!+$!e >( !+e!'%&(e) 0( ! 1867 +() !:e!$ ' "e $ 0#% e #&%(e,. (+ )( 1859 Ae!()#$ I&!( C$! -! >('#+(! 0e +&('$$ "#!(+e ! I!,

V+ P!+e ' (e*&+ee !e#e! $( %&(e)e #&%(e, ! %&(e#! )( P!#'. A+e'e! $#%!$ ' 'e ($%e!'+ ?#&%(. U( #&%( !# " +(# 5 *#!%e )e !#*(, !# " "&' >%0# >( 1 )e ?'$% +! %&(e) ):&(!#. I&( e!)e R)$e'+$! 0#&0$' ($%ee )e ?#&%!(! )$0 %&)e$ !((. P#&e+$ ($ ! 0$$ " #e!!.L! 186 '-! $ &$, & %&(e) )e #&( )e 5 0!#!e )!# !+e!'! ($ ! +#+$!. (1864 )$0 +e C$! ! %0$' #e*%$ '$ !$!# +e'$(e! ! "&' #e$! , '-!$$ +e:! %&(e)e )e 0#&. E'e :! )e 0e'ee )e ?5 '$% +!#e !:e!$ 0e!:e#' e"*! )&%($$ , ('+#0! ?Ae+'!()#$ I&!( I. (' ee ($ !$ "&' 0$'e >(+#+$!e (+&)!. O !'"e )e %&(e) 0&!e " :$ ! M$e$ N!&(! )e I'e

! R&%(e )( B$+$#e,.1

A+$! e *#e : +#+$! +e 0$( !,! >,)e'+ &"+! )e'$ )e 0$( )$0 +!#e 'e)e,e (#&)$+e#e! %&(e)e e$#&. De'0#e +!#e($ ,% >(+ )!+ :! " , >( R&%(!():)$!! , +$% :! !#!... 2

1 http://istoriiregasite.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/istoria-leului-romanesc-i/, accesat la data de09.04.2011

2 http://www.informatiabt.com/news/121/!"#$%&/2021/2010-09-20.html , accesat la data de 09.04.2011'

http://istoriiregasite.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/istoria-leului-romanesc-i/http://istoriiregasite.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/istoria-leului-romanesc-i/http://www.informatiabt.com/news/121/ARTICLE/2021/2010-09-20.htmlhttp://istoriiregasite.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/istoria-leului-romanesc-i/


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2.ISTORIA MONETARĂ DE DINAINTEA LEULUI

Ce! %! :e+e %&(e) !e'! 0e e#$ #&%(e'+ e'e )#!%! )e !#*( >(*#e$!e )e 8 *#!%e e%' )e 0'$ ( !($ 48 >. C.ș E! !"&' $#%! ș )e !e e%'$( )e %&(e) !e 0&'$# *#e+e )( D&#&*e!.ș Fe&-)!+ "&&'e!$ %&(e)e %!+e)&(e(e !0& !$ >(+e0$ ' e% %&(e)e 0#&0# )(!#*( !'e%(&!#e +$ !e +eț 0e(#$ +! !0& ' e% +ee# G&'&( )e !$#.De !'e%e(e! %&(e)ee #&%!(e +$% '$( )e(!# #e0$+!( '!$ %0e#! !$0#$(' ee 0e e#$ D!+e >(!(e +!# )e &+$0!ș ț! #&%!( )!# !$ +&(($!' +#+$e ș )$0 #e#!*e#e! !$#e!( "() !0& >(&+$ )e %&(e)e !((e.ț

( "%! $(e '!!e #&%(eț ș '-! e%' %&(e) 0#%$ "() V!)'!: I >( Ț!#!

R&%(e!'+ e () )$+! %$(e( )( !#*( $#%! )e Pe#$ M$ ! >( M&)&:!ț ș!+e'! e% () *#& )e !#*(. S0#e )e&'e#e )eț ș Ț!#! R&%(e!'+ M&)&:!șT#!(':!(! ! !:$ e%'$( %&(e!#e )e 0 :e'-e$#&0e!(H *#& && )(!#ș+#e !# *$)e( !e# )$+! >(+e0() +$ !($ 1538.ț ș ț

Pe e#$ #&%(e'+ 0#$() "&!#e %$e %&(e)e )e-! $(*$ 'e+&e +#+$()H !e# $#+e *!e( $(*$#e !$'#e+ & +!#&!:e #$'e e+(ș ș ș ț ș< e+(= :e(e e( >( &! 0e'e 1 )e %&(e)e.ț ț O e%'e )e %&(e) ! +&'! 0(ș +!0$ $($ )&%(. E'e :! )e C&('!(( B#(+&:e!($ +e +!#e ! e%' &%&(e)-%e)!e +$ e"*! '! 0e e! >(++() !'"e #e*! %$'$%!( ș )() %&:$#+ &&%!( ' > +e!# +!0$.3 E !$ !"#%! &$, + ($ "!0$ )e ! " $%&(e) -! )e#!(! + e'e(! e"*e )&%(e, +!#e -!# " *( 0e '$!(. A+e'! >( +&("%!e +$ #e*! %$'$%!( ($-, 0$e! 0$(e +0$ 0e !(.

Re*$!%e(ee O#*!(+e !)&0!e >( %0$ &+$0!e #$'e >( +ee )&$ P#(+0!e(+e#+! ' #e&:e , 0#&e%! %&(e!#.

S-! '! +! %&(e)ee )e +#+$!e >( #e R&%(e ' "e *!e($ !$'#!+( e0#e'! ?($ %! !% (+ $( '"!(J. E :!! 2)e +#e!#


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3.PRIMUL LEU

3.1.PERIOADA ANTEBELICĂ

C$() ' 0$( +!0 !&'$$ %&(e!# +!#e >%0e)+! )e:&!#e! e+&(&%+ Ae!()#$ I&!( C$! >(+ )e ! >(+e0$$ )&%(e ! )e+' ' (#&)$+ & %&(e)(!ț&(!.( !+e' '+&0 ! +$! ' ! ( #!( ț! )$0 ''e%$ %&(e!# ! !+e'e!# ?#&%($ț )e !#*( 0e(#$ +!#e $#%! ' "e >(+e! $( >%0#$%$. A+ $(e!ș ț($ ! #e$ș >('. M! e'! )( 186 $( 0#&e+ )e e*e 0e(#$ +#e!#e! %&(e)eș(!ț&(!e )e )!! !+e!'! ($% ?#&%!(! %&(e) +&(+e0$ & )$0 ''e%$"#!(+e )!# (+ !+e'! ($ ! 0#(' :!ț. O (&$ >(+e#+!#e ! !:$ &+ ( 1865 +() !B$+$#eș ! "&' +#e! & "! ! B!(+ I%0e#!e O&%!(e- e! >(' +$ +!0!ș '#(- +$ ($%ee )e ?B!(+! R&%(e- '&+e!e 0e !+ț$( +$ $( +!0! )e 25%&!(e )e "#!(+ )( +!#e :#'!ț 1 %&!(e +!#e ! 0#% 0#:e*$ e%'$( 0e3 )e !(.Beee e $#%!$ ' "e 0#%e >( &! !#! )!# e#!$ +&(:e#e >(ț%&(e) %e!+ )&!# ! B$+$#e .ș ( +e 0#:e e F$:e#($ !+e'! ($ !:e! )#e0 )eș! 0!#+0! ! 0#&" (+ )#e0 ! +&(#&.ș (!(e >(' +! B!(+! R&%(e ' " $!)e 0#:e*$ !+e'! -! "&' #e#!' !+)()$--'e >( '+% & )e'0*$#e )e7 "#!(+.

P#&e%! %&(e)e (!ț&(!e ! #%!' !'"e ! " #e&:! !! )$0 )e#&(!#e! $C$!. ( !0#e 1867 ! "&' 0#&%$*! e*e! 0e(#$ >("( !#e! $($ (&$ ''e%ț%&(e!# 0e(#$ "!#+!#e! %&(e)e (! &(!e. P&#: e %&(e)! (! &(!ș ț ț $#%!' 'e ($%e!'+ ?e$- '0#e ! (e 'e!%! )e & ($( ! 0&0$!ț ș ț țe )e ! &0e#! +$!+e!' )e($%#e- ș e#! ('e#! >( +!)#$ %e!'%$$ ?U($( M&(e!#e

L!(e( A(*! >(1867. ( 1868 '-! e%' 0#%! %&(e)#&%(e!'+ )e !$# +$ (&%(!$ )e 2e >(#-$( #! )e )&!# 2 )e

ee%0!#e !+e!'! "() +&(')e#!)#e0 0#&. (+e0() +$ 187 '-!$e%' %&(e)e )e !#*( +$ (&%(!eeș)e 5 )e !( ("(ș țe! M&(e#! S!$$ +!#e 0&!e !e%&(e) 0( >( !+e !( %&(e)ee "() $e >( %!!e >( '#(!e %! !e'! B#%(*!%. D! 0'e )e %&(e) (!ț&(! !(e#&!#e %&%e($$ 187&!e !ee ș :!%! e#!$ 0e )#e+ >( !$# !$#$ '#( e#! "#e+:e( "&&' +! )eee%0$ %&(e)! )e 2 )e "#!(+ "#!(+e


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(# !'"e %!': >( ț!# %! !e' #$! #$'e!'+ +ee! +e )$+e ! %'$# )#!'+e)( 0!#e! $( %( # +$% ! "&' D%#e A. S$#)! '$0#!($% Mș ț #&!)e#$e +!#e ! " ! $( !($% +$#' )e '+%ț ș & !($% +#+$! eț )e %&(e).P#%ee >('e%(e %&(e!#e )e #e '$(eee 0&e+!#e e%'e +&("% e* )(12 $(e 1877 +$ :!e (&%(!e )e 5 e

1 e 2 e 5 e 1 e ș 5 e )e+#e M('e#$ )e (!( e 0e(#$ ! & (eț ț"&()$#e (e+e'!#e '$'ț(e# "(!(+!#e !R&$$ )e I()e0e()e(ț. L! 1 !0#e188 e'e >("(ț! B!(+! N!ț&(! !R&%(e "() '(*$#! !! ' e%%&(e) )e %e! #e.șP#(#-& e*e )( 19 '-! !$! șe%e#e! )e 0e'e )e (+e +$ :!&!#e! (&%(! )e 5 1 ș 2 !( $e !%&(e#! B#$ee'. ( 196 '-!$ $ & 'e#e )e %&(e)e )e !$# +$ :!e (&%(!e )e 125 e 2 e

25 e 5 e 1 e !(:e#'() +e 4 )e !( )e )&%(e ! #e*e$ C!#& I.ș

3.2.PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ ȘI AL DOILEA RĂZBOI MONDIAL

D$0 0#%$ R& M&()! e$ #&%(e'+ (#

0e 0!(! ("!țe )! )'#$*e# e+&(&%e#&%(eș >( #& ș ! 0#e'+%# !( '#(

( 1947.ț șD$0 >(+e!#e! &'ț 'e #e%!#+ & &!#e+!#e >%$(ț#e ! #e$!e$*e!#e "# >(' +! >( :#e$( '(*$# !( ($%#$ $*ee )e"+!#e ' #e0#e(e%! 0$ ( )e 58Q )( &!.ț 6

( 1946 e'e e%' %&(e)! )e 1. e !# ! 25$(e 1947 e'e e%' !(+(&! )e 5.. e!+e'e! "() >('e%(ee %&(e!#e +$ +e %! %!#e(&%(! )( '! R&%(e.

6 #. crel, Tendin e în evoluț ț ia postbelică a finan elor publiceț , &ditura olitic, ucure ti, 196, p.201ș

6


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4.AL DOILEA LEU

( 1947 'e "!+e )e(&%(!#e! ! $( #!0 )e 1 e$ (&$ ! 2. e :e+.Ree:!$!#e! e'e #e!! )e #e*%$ +&%$(' "# :#e& !:e#!#e 0#e!! ș "#0&'!e! )e ! '+%! %! %$ )e+ & '$%! " )( %&(e)! :e+e.

A+e' $+#$ ! "&' "+$ 0e(#$ ! ($ 0e#%e 0e#'&!(e )( +!'! %&+e ș +e!)e '$' ' 0'#ee & %!#e 0!#e )( :e($# )$0 (! &(!!#e 0e(#$ ! e "&&' !ț#e'e(ț! >%0&#:! +&e+:# ș ! ('!# )e"(:e ! +&%$('%$$ >( R&%(!. A+e'e! %!#+!$ #e+e#e! 0$e# e+&(&%+e >( %(! #e*%$$ +&%$(' ș)e'+)e!$ +!e! #!('"%# e+&(&%e R&%(e >(#-& e+&(&%e '0e+"+'!e &!!#e 0e +!#e 'e : *#e"! e+e'ee !$!#+e %e*!&%!(e !eș)+!$# +&%$('e . 7

L! :#e%e! (#&)$+e# 0!#!e! e$-)&!# e#! )e 15 )e e 0e(#$ 1 )&!#.

O ('$e +$ !#$ )e +&(#& "(!(+!# >("(! >( 0e#&!)! 0#%$$ R&M&()! )$0 %&)e$ $( '#$+$# '%!#e +!#e "$(+&(!$ >( #e E$#&0e :e'+e! "&' ?C$ "(!(e >("(! >( A#)e! , B$+&:(! >( +!)#$ +#$! >,)e'",$#!$ !+:!e! 0e'e 2 )e "$(+&(!# *!(! >( ''e% %!#!. D$0'"#,$ 0#%$$ R& M&()! , #e!!#e! M!# U(# )e ! 1918 ?C$"(!(e ! "&' 0#e$! >( $*e$ '!$$ '$ )e($%#e! )e F!#)! (!(+!#.8

I(e#e'!( )e %e(ț&(! + ('+#' M('e#$ (!( e ( &+ )e B!(+! N!ț ț&(! '!$ B!(+! R.P.R. -B!(+! )e '!=.9

7

. aon , Istoria economiei României, &ditura 3unda ia acia, 5niersitatea e7til u cariu, 2001, p.101ț ș8. . 8aguna, Drept financiar şi fiscal , &ditura eteapt-te rom*ne, ucureti, 1992, p.999 http://ro.wi(ipedia.org/wi(i/%eu)rom*nesc, accesat la data de 09.04.2011


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5. AL TREILEA LEU (ROL)

5.1.PERIOADA COMUNISTĂ

( 1952 'e "!+e #e"%! %&(e!# ! $( #!0 )e 1 e$ (&$ 2 e :e+. S0#e)e&'e#e )e )e(&%(!#e! 0#e+e)e( )"e#e #!e )e '+% !$ "&' $!e 0e(#$)"e#e %&)! )e '+%


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( %0$ #e*%$$ +&%$(' '-! #e($(ț! ! '!()!#)$ !$#$$ )$0 +e !$ "&'(e+e'!#e !$'# )#!'+e 0e(#$ ! 0#e:e( ("!ț! >( $#%! )e(&%(#. D$0!+e!' )e+e e$ ș-! 0e#)$ 0!#!e! )e '+% +$ %&(e)ee '#(e >(#eș197 ș 1989 #!! )e '+% ! "&' '! )e +&()$+e#e 0#( %'$# e*'!:e.R!! )e '+% e#! $! )e #e*% 0e(#$ ! +!+$! :!&!#e! +&%e# ț$$ +#e !e'!e. ( R&%(! ($ 'e 0$e! *' :!$ ș (+ ($ 0$e! " :()$ 0e#'&!(e 0#:!e. P&'e'! '!$ :(!#e! )e :!$ e#! & "!0 0e(! +!#e 0$e! " 0e)e0' +$0( ! 1 !( )e >(+'&!#e. C&%e# $ ee#( e#! +&(')e#! 0!#e ! !$ +#+$țe+&(&%+ )e+ +e (e#( 'e !+)! & %0!(ș ț '0.

5.2.PERIOADA POST-REVOLUȚIONARĂ

P#%! e%'$(e %&(e!# 0&'-#e:&$ț&(!# e'e +e! ! %&(e)e )e 1 e 199. A$ !0#$ >( )(e !(+(&ee )e 5 e


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A$ !0#$ >( )(e !(+(&ee )e 5. e ("#$(e! BNR ! $ M$*$# I'#e'+$ !+e'! ! e%' )&$ (& 0$# )e !(+(&e )e1. e ș 5. e )e(+e +$ 0#%ee )!# +$ 'e%($#! '!..

10


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.AL PATRULEA LEU(RON)

Le$ #&%(e'+ (&$


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!.CONCLUZII

( '! '! ($ "&!#e $(* )!# e#e% )e !*! e$ #&%(e'+ ! #e+$ )e !e! ! !*&(e e#e% )e $, >( )&!# +>:! !(. ( 1914 >(!(e )e (#!#e! >(#& e$ #&%(e'+ e#! & %&(e) "&!#e '! +!#e )&!# >( +(+ !( ! !$('' 'e ($%e#e )! +e$e )e #& , %$# e!$#$$ >( R$'! 0#(#e+ee %! 0$( :!&!'e %&(e)e )( E$#&0!. De !$(+ %&(e)! #&%(e!'+ ($! %! 0$$ #e:e( (+&)! ! :!&!#e! , ! 0#e'*$ '$ !(ee+.P#&e+$ !e# $(e %&(e)e #&%(e, +!#e ' >(&+$!'+ !( '#( )e &!e"e$#e +!#e +#+$!$ 0e e#$ # (&!'#e ! !:$ )e >("#$(! >(+ )e ! >(+e0$ >%0&#:#e! A$'#e , ! I%0e#$$ O&%!(. A+e'! )( $#% ! !++e0!

(e:&! #&%( )e ! !:e! !( 0#&0# +$ +&()! +! 0e e #&%(e, )e !$# ,)e !#*( ' !0!# , $( '%& &&%!(. Le*e! %&(e!# !)&0! ! 22 !0#e1867 ('$! e$ +! %&(e) (!&(! e*! +$ 1 )e !( (0#e , 0e

%&(e)e. Pe +ee )e 2 , )e 1 )e e - !$# )( 1922 e"*! #e*e$ e#)(!()

>(+$($(! +$ "#$(e )e !$# (e )$+e +$ *>()$ ! +e! ! $ N!0&e&( ! III-e!.C0$ #e*e$ M! +&0 )e 0e %&(e)ee )e 5 , )e 2 )e e )( 193 ! "&' >(&+$ +$ +e ! !$ '$ C!#& ! II-e!. E"*! !+e'$! )( $#% ! "&'ee+$! 0e e #&%(e, )(#e 193 , 194 )e *#!: !e(! 0#e+$% A()#L!:#e# I&( !e! , !#!!%e I&(e'+$.N$ #e$e ' %! 0&:e'% +e '-! >(>%0! +$ e$ #&%(e'+ )$0 ('!$#!#e!#e*%$$ +&%$('. Ce %! %$ )(#e (& >, !%(e'+ "&!#e (e !(+(&ee ,%&(e)ee )e !$(+. C!# )!+ '%&$#e , :!&!#e! !$ "&' %&)"+!e ee !$0'#! )e 0#(+0$ %!*(e $( )e# ! )e+> #e* - T$) V!)%#e'+$ Ae!()#$ I&!( C$! N+&!e B+e'+$. &#>() ' >(&+$!'+ )$0 199"*$#e 0&+e (' > #e(e% +!'+= +$ $(ee )e"( 0e(#$ +$$#! #&%(e!'+ B!(+! N!&(! !R&%(e ! "+$ & %,+!#e >(ee!0. ()+ ()"e#e( )e :#e%$# , *#e$!e$( !( +$ +0$ $ E(e'+$ ! $ E%(e'+$ '!$ N+&!e F#*e'+$ :! " 0#: +$%! %$ '%0!e )e+> $($ +$ +0$ $($ 0&+!(.E:)e( !+$! e *#e : +#+$! +e 0$( !,! >, )e'+ &"+! )e'$ )e

0$( )$0 +!#e 'e )e,e (#&)$+e#e! %&(e)e e$#&. De'0#e +!#e ($ ,% >(+)!+ :! " , >( R&%(! ():)$!! , +$% :! !#!... 12

http://www.informatiabt.com/news/121/!"#$%&/2021/2010-09-20.html 12 http://www.informatiabt.com/news/121/!"#$%&/2021/2010-09-20.html, accesat la data de 09.04.2011

12

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BIBLIO"RAFIE

=

. cad...$onstantinescu, Istoria economică a României, &ditura&conomic, ucure ti, 199ș

=. an rossu 8aguna, Drept financiar şi fiscal , &ditura eteapt-te rom*ne,ucureti, 1992

=. #ulian crel, Tendin e în evoluț ț ia postbelică a finan elor publiceț ,&ditura olitic, ucure ti, 196ș

=.telian aon, Istoria economiei României, &ditura 3unda ia acia,ț5niersitatea e7til u cariu, 2001ș

=.http://www.informatiabt.com/news/121/!"#$%&/2021/2010-09-20.html

=. http://ro.wi(ipedia.org/wi(i/%eu)rom*nesc

=.http://istoriiregasite.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/istoria-leului-romanesc-i/

=.http://www.monetariastatului.ro/circ-monetara.html


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