Date post: | 11-Feb-2017 |
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Cerebrovasculature
Dr. Croce at work as a Graduate
Neuroscience Student (wow is he
hot!)
2
What is this disorder and how can it be explained via the ventricular system of the brain?
Internal Carotid System
Vertebral System
Two Systems�Internal
Carotid and Vertebral
Internal Carotid System
1. ICA
2. MCA
3. ACA
4. P Comm A
5. A Comm A
MCAIC
ACA
A. Com. A
Undersurface of brain showing major branches of the internal
carotid system
P. Com. A
Lateral View of Cerebral Cortex�Showing Branches of MCA Feeding Frontal, Parietal, and
Temporal (Superior-Lateral Parts) Lobes
Medial (Midsagittal) View of Cerebral Cortex Showing Branches of ACA and PCA
Anterior Cerebral A. supplies blood to most of the medial wall of the Cortex (PCA supplies
occipital and temporal lobes)
ACA
Orbital A.Frontopolar A.
Pericallosal A.
Callosomarginal A.
Corpus Callosum
Lateral Ventricle
Internal Capsule &Basal Ganglia
Lateral Striate Arteries Arteries to LateralHemisphere
(not Occipital L.)
Middle cerebral Artery(MCA)
Connects Two ACAs
Anterior CommunicatingArtery
HypothalamusInternal Capsule
Basal Ganglia
Medial Striate Artery
Frontopolar A. Callosomarginal A. Pericallosal A.
Major Branches include
Ascend into Long. Fiss.and Supplies MedialWall of Hemisphere
Anterior Cerebral Artery(ACA)
Internal Carotid Artery(ICA)
Summary of The Internal Carotid System
Vertebral-Basilar System
1. Vertebral A.
2. PICA
3. Basilar A.
4. AICA
5. Pontine A.
6. SCA
7. PCA
8. Spinal Arteries
MCA
IC
ACA & A. Com. A
Undersurface of brain showing major branches of internal
carotid and basilar arteries
P. Com. A
P. Cerebral. A
Sup Cer. A
Basilar A
CN III
CN II
Supplies Median
and Paramedian
Medulla &
Vertebral Canal
Anterior Spinal A.
Int. Auditory Artery
Supplies Inner Ear
Ant. Inferior Cerebellar A.
Supplies Upper Medulla
Lower Pons, & Anterior-
Inferior Cerebellum
Pontine Arteries
Supplies Deep Portions
of Pons
Posterior Cerebral Artery
is Connected to Internal carotid
Artery via Posterior
Communicating Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Supplies Lat. Occip. L.; medial
Surface of
Temporal & Occipital Lobes
Superior Cerebellar Artery
Supplies Superior
Portions of Cerebellum
Major Branches
of
Basilar
Artery
Basilar Artery
Supplies
Dorsolateral Medulla,
4th ventricle
Post. Infer. cerbellum
Post. Inferior
Cerebellar A.
Vertebral Arteries
Combine to Form
Basilar Artey
Summary of The Vertebral-Basilar System
Summary of Cerebral
Vasculature
Summary of Cerebral
Vasculature
Exterior View of Ventricles
Circulation of Cerebrospinal
Fluid (CSF) Exiting of CSF Through Arachnoid
Villi
Pathologies to Meningeal Spaces
• Subdural Hematoma-- Blood accumulating in subdural space due to lacerations in superior veins.
• Meningitis-- Infection of the CNS involving the meninges.
• Meningioma-- Begnin, slow growing tumors.
CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID
• FORMATION
– CSF IS FORMED BY THE CHOROID PLEXUS.– NORMAL CSF PRODUCTION: 20 ml/h.
HYDROCEPHALUS• DEFINITION:
– DIVERSE GROUP OF CONDITIONS WHICH RESULT FROM IMPAIRED CIRCULATION AND RESORPTION OF CSF.
TYPES OF HYDROCEPHALUS• OBSTRUCTIVE OR NON-
COMMUNICATING-- OBSTRUCTION WITHIN THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
• NON OBSTRUCTIVE OR COMMUNICATING -- – BLOCKAGE WITHIN SUBARACHNOID SPACE;
OR,– MALFUNCTION OF ARACHNOID VILLI– SYMPTOMS-- ONE SEES THE THREE “Ws”--
WACKY (DEMENTIA), WOBBLY (ATAXIA), AND WET (INCONTINENCE)
• TREATMENT--
SOME CAUSES OF HYDROCEPHALUS
• SPINA BIFIDA
• LESIONS OR MALFORMATIONS OF THE POSTERIOR FOSSA
– CHIARI MALFORMATION
– DANDY- WALKER SYNDROME
– TUMORS
• MENINGITIS
CHIARI MALFORMATION
• CAUSE: DISPLACEMENT OF CEREBELLAR TONSILS INTO THE CERVICAL CANAL. LEADS TO:
– PROGRESSIVE HYDROCEPHALUS.
– ELONGATION OF THE 4TH VENTRICLE.
– DISPLACEMENT OF INFERIOR VERMIS, PONS, AND MEDULLA INTO CERVICAL CANAL
DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME• CYSTIC EXPANSION OF
THE 4TH VENTRICLE IN THE POSTERIOR FOSSA.
• CAUSE: DEVELOPMENTAL FAILURE OF ROOF OF 4TH VENTRICLE DURING EMBRYOGENESIS.
• LEADS TO:
– MALDEVELOPMENT OF CEREBELLUM
– 90 % HAVE HYDROCEPHALUS
– ENLARGEMENT OF 4TH VENTRICLE
– PROMINENT OCCIPUT
Can you Answer These?
• What are the two major branches of the internal carotid artery?
• What are the major branches of the basilar artery?
• What is the group name of the arteries that feed the basal nuclei and internal capsule?
• Can you name the ventricles of the brain?• What is hydrocephalus? A chiari
malformation?