Post on 18-Jul-2016
description
transcript
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linearly supported
(i.e. pressure caps)
local edge supports
(clamps)
local points supports
(point fixing)
structural silicone
sealant - i.e. 2
sides
~10
to
20
min
t =
6 ~20 to 40 ~50 to 80 >20 [mm]
support pad
drainage
separating layer,
i.e. neoprene
hinge i.e. DC 993
frame
Supporting systems
2
2600
20
00
1
00
0
10
00
40
00
1150 150 150 1150
separating layer,
•EPDM
•20
12
toughened glass
clamp detail
80
self-weight
Example of locally clamped triple façade, outer glazing
panel
Supporting systems
3
fibre washer
steel washer
liner
soft neoprene washer to allow rotation
pig-nosed nut hand tight and glued
backing washer
Enhanced countersunk fixing – „spider“
• threaded backing washer enable to bolt to be installed with
predetermined torque
• flexible washers allow the bolt to rotate relatively to the brackets
Local point supports
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Local point supports
allowance of movement of
pin within sub-structure load distribution section of point support with
hinge and wide hole
self-weight
wind load
„spid
er“
fix slot
wide
slot
wide slot
hole
wide
pin
low-friction material
Local point supports
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6
point fixing must ensure restraint-free support in-plane and out-
of-plane of glass pane
IN-PLANE of glazing
•connection elements (spider) accommodate construction tolerances
between sub-structure and glass pane
•elements tolerate temperature movement
•fittings allow adjustment at least ± 10mm
fixed support vertical support
free support
system of fixed, vertical and free supports for restraint-free
accommodation
Local point supports
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Deformations due to major loads can
cause a change in angle between the
glass and its suspension points local
stress around the hole
• Left: bending forces can be
created in the glass
• Right: special bolt – bending
forces are carried into the
support
Local point supports
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OUT-OF-PLANE of glazing
• restraint-free, statically determinate
support out-of-plane is provided by
articulating fixing
• the greater distance between the hinge
or elastomeric joint and the plane of
glass pane, the greater are imposed
strains from eccentricity of joint
• greater imposed strains → thicker glass
• rigid connection leads to high local
stress peaks
hinge in or on the glass
hinge outside the glass
rigid non-hinged glass support
Local point supports
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spherical bearing
liner
locking washer
Articulated bolts
• bolt with spherical bearing surface instead of standard bolt head
• spherical surface is seated in a bearing cup which is set into the
glass
• bolt is able to accommodate greater rotational movement of the
glass relative to the glazing support attachment
Local point supports
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Glazing support attachments
sh
ims adjustment
adjustment
adjustment
A) welded angle bracket
B) welded cleat and bolted angle bracket
Angle brackets
A) angle bracket directly welded to
support structure
•simplest form of attachment
•adjustment is possible between only in one
direction
B) welded cleat and bolted angle bracket
•adjustment is possible between the angle
and the cleat in one, two or three direction by
•slotted or oversized holes + shims or
spacers
•between cleat and angel bracket amount of
packing = can be increased or decreased
cleats = “spring plates” because the ability to flex about narrow axis
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adjustment
adjustment
sh
ims
serrated face for vertical adjustment
Spiders
A) Single brackets
• commonly locate onto single threaded stud or bolt
• adjustment parallel to plane of glazing is provided by sliding or
serrated details
• shims or spacers can be used for out-of-plane adjustment
• Increased or decreased amount of packing accommodate the
tolerances
Glazing support attachments
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shims
adjustment
adjustment
B) Paired bracket
• commonly attached to cleats
• provide relatively high level of adjustment in the plane of the cleat
• shims between brackets and the fin allow adjustment perpendicular
to the plane of fin = this can vary distances between brackets and
hence width of joints between glazing panels
Glazing support attachments
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20mm diameter hole in glass
6mm thick steel spreader plate
1mm thick non compressible fibre gasket
10mm toughened glass
1mm thick non compressible fibre gasket
nylon or hard plastic bush 2-3mm thick
M10 bolt torque to 30Nm
6mm thick steel spreader plate attached to structure
50mm diameter
Glazing support attachments
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Glazing support attachments
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Glazing support attachments
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Panouri rezemate pe 2, 3, 4
sau mai multe laturi
Panouri rezemate in 4 sau mai
multe puncte
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