ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICAPart 1
GEOGRAFIA POLITICA• Domeniu al Geografiei
umane care studiaza relatiile intre geografie si politica;
• Se refera la:
• Categoria fundamentala in Geografia politica este STATUL
– ENTITATE POLITICO-GEORGRAFICA INDEPENDENTA SI • Se refera la:
– studiul statelor, teritoriilor dependente si al altor entitati politico-geografice
– modul de reflectare a deciziilor politice in teritoriu
– relatiile internationale– conflictele
GEORGRAFICA INDEPENDENTA SI SUVERANA;
• Harta politica-reprezentarea cartografica a statelor si a altor ctg. de teritorii, la nivel mondial,
• La nivel de tara/stat se numeste harta politico-administrativa
nivel mondial, continental sau regional
• Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane
• state, teritorii dependente, teritorii disputate si alte entitati politico-teritoriale
Populatia Terrei: 6,8 mild. Loc (2011)
contemporane sunt:
teritoriale
– STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194
• Statul a aparut in antichitate odata cu surplusul de produse si clasele sociale
• Statul modern, cu teritoriu, frontiere, functii precise a aparut in Europa, in sec 13-14.
• Aparitia statului modern • Aparitia statului modern este legata de formarea natiunilor (natiune= forma istorica de comunitate umana, caracterizata prin comunitatea de teritoriu, limba, viata economica, factura psihica)
Cate state independente sunt pe Glob?
• Este o intrebare dificila iar raspunsurile sunt diferite in functie de sursa: 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 or 196.
NOTE: 9. 07. 2011, Sudul Sudanului si-a declarat independenta in urma unui razboi civil de 6 ani (South Sudan.).
2008 – ONU: 192 membri oficiali, fara Vatican si Kosovo
Cea mai mare parte a statisticilor internationale :193 state, fara Kosovo, Palestina, Groenlanda, Western Sahara si acum South Sudan
Departamentul de stat al SUA: 194 state independente (inclusiv Kosovo, dar fara Taiwan, stat pe care China il considera doar o provincie a sa)
Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane
Stateindependente
Statul papal (independent cu recunoastere internationala)
State independente
cu recunoastere
partiala
Teritorii dependente
Teritorii recunoscute prin unele tratate
internationale speciale
Regiuni administrative
cu statul peciale ale Chinei
194 1 9 38 5 2
Vatican -Taiwan, -Kosovo, -Sahara Occidentala, -Abhazia, -Ossetia de Sud, -R T a Ciprului de Nord, -Nagorno Karabakh, -Somaliland,
Australia-3Danemarca -2Franta-7Olanda – 2N. Zeelanda-3U K-16SUA-5
ex Teritoriile palestiniene ocupate de Israel
-Hong Kong -Macau
STATUL INDEPENDENT
Conform art. 1 alCONVENTIEI INTERNATIONALE DE LA MONTEVIDEO
(1933), criteriile pe care
– (a) sa abia o populatie permanenta;
– (b) sa aiba un teritoriubine definit;
– (c) sa fie guvernat; – (d) celelalte state sa-i (1933), criteriile pe care
trebuie sa le indeplineasca un teritoriu pentru a fi un stat inependent sunt:
– (d) celelalte state sa-i recunoasca si sa-i respecte independena si suveranitatea.
•
Caracteristicile fundamentale ale statelor
• INDEPENDENTA• se refera la politica externa - dreptul statului de a avea deplina libertate in
• SUVERANITATEA• se refera la politica interna - dreptul statului de a-si alege regimul politic, forma de guvernamant, deplina libertate in
raport cu celelalte state.
• Statul independent nu depinde de niciun alt stat.
guvernamant, organizarea administrativa, politica externa, de a stapani si gestiona propriile resurse
– STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194
AFRICA (54) •Algeria •Angola•Benin•Botswana•Burkina•Burundi•Cameroon•Cape Verde•Central African Republic•Chad•Comoros•Congo•Congo, Democratic Republic of•Djibouti•Egypt•Equatorial Guinea•Eritrea•Ethiopia•Gabon•Gambia•Ghana•Guinea•Guinea-Bissau•Ivory Coast•Kenya•Lesotho•Liberia
ASIA (44) •Afghanistan•Bahrain•Bangladesh•Bhutan•Brunei•Burma (Myanmar)•Cambodia•China•East Timor•India•Indonesia•Iran•Iraq•Israel•Japan•Jordan•Kazakhstan•Korea, North•Korea, South•Kuwait•Kyrgyzstan•Laos•Lebanon•Malaysia•Maldives•Mongolia•Nepal
EUROPE (47) •Albania•Andorra•Armenia•Austria•Azerbaijan•Belarus•Belgium•Bosnia and Herzegovina•Bulgaria•Croatia•Cyprus•Czech Republic•Denmark•Estonia•Finland•France•Georgia•Germany•Greece•Hungary•Iceland•Ireland•Italy•Latvia•Liechtenstein•Lithuania•Luxembourg•Liberia
•Libya•Madagascar•Malawi•Mali•Mauritania•Mauritius•Morocco•Mozambique•Namibia•Niger•Nigeria•Rwanda•Sao Tome and Principe•Senegal•Seychelles•Sierra Leone•Somalia•South Africa•South Sudan•Sudan•Swaziland•Tanzania•Togo•Tunisia•Uganda•Zambia•Zimbabwe
•Nepal•Oman•Pakistan•Philippines•Qatar•Russian Federation•Saudi Arabia•Singapore•Sri Lanka•Syria•Tajikistan•Thailand•Turkey•Turkmenistan•United Arab Emirates•Uzbekistan•Vietnam•Yemen
•Luxembourg•Macedonia•Malta•Moldova•Monaco•Montenegro•Netherlands•Norway•Poland•Portugal•Romania•San Marino•Serbia•Slovakia•Slovenia•Spain•Sweden•Switzerland•Ukraine•United Kingdom •Vatican City
N. AMERICA (23) •Antigua and Barbuda•Bahamas•Barbados•Belize•Canada•Costa Rica•Cuba•Dominica•Dominican Republic•El Salvador•Grenada•Guatemala•Haiti•Honduras•Jamaica•Mexico•Nicaragua
OCEANIA (14) •Australia•Fiji•Kiribati•Marshall Islands•Micronesia•Nauru•New Zealand•Palau•Papua New Guinea•Samoa•Solomon Islands•Tonga•Tuvalu•Vanuatu
S. AMERICA (12) •Argentina•Bolivia•Brazil•Chile•Colombia•Ecuador•Guyana•Paraguay•Peru•Suriname•Uruguay•Venezuela
•Nicaragua•Panama•Saint Kitts and Nevis•Saint Lucia•Saint Vincent and the Grenadines•Trinidad and Tobago•United States
Short-form name
Long-form nameFIPS Code
Capital
Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan AF Kabul
Albania Republic of Albania AL Tirana
Algeria People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
AG Algiers
Andorra Principality of Andorra ANAndorra la Vella
Angola Republic of Angola AO LuandaAngola Republic of Angola AO Luanda
Antigua andBarbuda
(no long-form name) AC Saint John's
Argentina Argentine Republic ARBuenos Aires
Armenia Republic of Armenia AM Yerevan
Australia Commonwealth of Australia AS Canberra
Austria Republic of Austria AU Vienna
Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan AJ Baku
Bahamas, The Commonwealthof The Bahamas
BF Nassau
Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BA Manama
Bangladesh People's Republicof Bangladesh
BG Dhaka
Barbados (no long-form name) BB Bridgetown
Belarus Republic of Belarus BO Minsk
Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BE Brussels
Belize (no long-form name) BH Belmopan
Benin Republic of Benin BN Porto-Novo
Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan BT Thimphu
Bolivia State of Bolivia BLLa Paz (administrative)Sucre (legislative/judiciary)
Bosnia andHerzegovina
(no long-form name) BK Sarajevo
Botswana Republic of Botswana BC Gaborone
Brazil Federative Republic of Brazil BR Brasília
Brunei Brunei Darussalam BX Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BU Sofia
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso UV Ouagadougou
Burma Union of Burma BMRangoonNay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Burundi Republic of Burundi BY Bujumbura
Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia CB Phnom Penh
Cameroon Republic of Cameroon CM Yaoundé
Canada (no long-form name) CA Ottawa
Cape Verde Republic of Cape Verde CV Praia
CentralAfrican Republic
Central African Republic CT Bangui
Chad Republic of Chad CD N'Djamena
Chile Republic of Chile CI Santiago
China People's Republic of China CH Beijing
Colombia Republic of Colombia CO Bogotá
Comoros Union of the Comoros CN Moroni
Congo (Brazzaville) Republic of the Congo CF Brazzaville
Congo (Kinshasa) Democratic Republicof the Congo
CG Kinshasa
Costa Rica Republic of Costa Rica CS San José
Côte d'Ivoire Republic of Côte d'Ivoire IV Yamoussoukro
Croatia Republic of Croatia HR Zagreb
Cuba Republic of Cuba CU Havana
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus CY Nicosia
Czech Republic Czech Republic EZ Prague
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark DA Copenhagen
Djibouti Republic of Djibouti DJ Djibouti
Dominica Commonwealth of Dominica DO Roseau
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic DR Santo Domingo
Ecuador Republic of Ecuador EC Quito
Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt EG Cairo
El Salvador Republic of El Salvador ES San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea EK MalaboEquatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea EK Malabo
Eritrea State of Eritrea ER Asmara
Estonia Republic of Estonia EN Tallinn
Ethiopia Federal DemocraticRepublic of Ethiopia
ET Addis Ababa
Fiji Republic of theFiji Islands
FJ Suva
Finland Republic of Finland FI Helsinki
France French Republic FR Paris
Gabon Gabonese Republic GB Libreville
Gambia, The Republic of The Gambia GA Banjul
Georgia Georgia GG Tbilisi
Germany Federal Republic of Germany GM Berlin
Ghana Republic of Ghana GH Accra
Greece Hellenic Republic GR Athens
Grenada (no long-form name) GJ Saint George's
Guatemala Republic of Guatemala GT Guatemala
Guinea Republic of Guinea GV ConakryGuinea Republic of Guinea GV Conakry
Guinea-Bissau Republic of Guinea-Bissau PU Bissau
Guyana Co-operativeRepublic of Guyana
GY Georgetown
Haiti Republic of Haiti HA Port-au-Prince
Holy See Holy See VT Vatican City
Honduras Republic of Honduras HO Tegucigalpa
Hungary Republic of Hungary HU Budapest
Iceland Republic of Iceland IC Reykjavík
India Republic of India IN New Delhi
Indonesia Republic of Indonesia ID Jakarta
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran IR Tehran
Iraq Republic of Iraq IZ Baghdad
Ireland (no long-form name) EI Dublin
Israel State of Israel IS Jerusalem Israel State of Israel IS Jerusalem
Italy Italian Republic IT Rome
Jamaica (no long-form name) JM Kingston
Japan (no long-form name) JA Tokyo
Jordan HashemiteKingdom of Jordan
JO Amman
Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan KZ Astana
Kenya Republic of Kenya KE Nairobi
Kiribati Republic of Kiribati KR Tarawa
Korea, North Democratic People's Republic of Korea KN Pyongyang
Korea, South Republic of Korea KS Seoul
Kosovo Republic of Kosovo KV Pristina
Kuwait State of Kuwait KU Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic KG Bishkek
Laos Lao People'sDemocratic Republic
LA VientianeLaos Democratic Republic
LA Vientiane
Latvia Republic of Latvia LG Riga
Lebanon Lebanese Republic LE Beirut
Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho LT Maseru
Liberia Republic of Liberia LI Monrovia
Libya Great Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahiriya
LY Tripoli
Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein LS Vaduz
Lithuania Republic of Lithuania LH Vilnius
Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg LU Luxembourg
Macedonia Republic of Macedonia MK Skopje
Madagascar Republic of Madagascar MA Antananarivo
Malawi Republic of Malawi MI Lilongwe
Malaysia (no long-form name) MY Kuala Lumpur
Maldives Republic of Maldives MV Male
Mali Republic of Mali ML Bamako
Malta Republic of Malta MT Valletta
Marshall Islands Republic of theMarshall Islands
RM Majuro
Mauritania Islamic Republicof Mauritania
MR Nouakchottof Mauritania
Mauritius Republic of Mauritius MP Port Louis
Mexico United Mexican States MX Mexico
Micronesia,Federated States of
Federated Statesof Micronesia
FM Palikir
Moldova Republic of Moldova MD Chisinau
Monaco Principality of Monaco MN Monaco
Mongolia (no long-form name) MG Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro Montenegro MJ Podgorica
Morocco Kingdom of Morocco MO Rabat
Mozambique Republic of Mozambique MZ Maputo
Namibia Republic of Namibia WA Windhoek
Nauru Republic of Nauru NRYaren District(no capital city)
Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal NP Kathmandu
Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands NLAmsterdamThe Hague (seat of gov't)
New Zealand (no long-form name) NZ Wellington
Nicaragua Republic of Nicaragua NU Managua
Niger Republic of Niger NG NiameyNiger Republic of Niger NG Niamey
Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria NI Abuja
Norway Kingdom of Norway NO Oslo
Oman Sultanate of Oman MU Muscat
Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan PK Islamabad
Palau Republic of Palau PS Melekeok
Panama Republic of Panama PM Panama
Papua New Guinea Independent Stateof Papua New Guinea
PPPort Moresby
Paraguay Republic of Paraguay PA Asunción
Peru Republic of Peru PE Lima
Philippines Republic of the Philippines RP Manila
Poland Republic of Poland PL WarsawPoland Republic of Poland PL Warsaw
Portugal Portuguese Republic PO Lisbon
Qatar State of Qatar QA Doha
Romania Romania RO Bucharest
Russia Russian Federation RS Moscow
Rwanda Republic of Rwanda RW Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis Federation of SaintKitts and Nevis
SC Basseterre
Saint Lucia (no long-form name) ST Castries
Saint Vincent andthe Grenadines
(no long-form name) VC Kingstown
Samoa Independent State of Samoa WS Apia
San Marino Republic of San Marino SM San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe Democratic Republic ofSao Tome and Principe
TP São Tomé
Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SA Riyadh
Senegal Republic of Senegal SG Dakar
Serbia Republic of Serbia RI Belgrade
Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan TI Dushanbe
Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania TZDar es SalaamDodoma (legislative)
Thailand Kingdom of Thailand TH Bangkok
Timor-Leste Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste TT Dili
Togo Togolese Republic TO Lomé
Tonga Kingdom of Tonga TN Nuku'alofaTonga Kingdom of Tonga TN Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago Republic ofTrinidad and Tobago
TD Port-of-Spain
Tunisia Tunisian Republic TS Tunis
Turkey Republic of Turkey TU Ankara
Turkmenistan (no long-form name) TX Ashgabat
Tuvalu (no long-form name) TV Funafuti
Seychelles Republic of Seychelles SE Victoria
Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone SL Freetown
Singapore Republic of Singapore SN Singapore
Slovakia Slovak Republic LO Bratislava
Slovenia Republic of Slovenia SI Ljubljana
Solomon Islands (no long-form name) BP Honiara
Somalia (no long-form name) SO Mogadishu
South Africa Republic of South Africa SFPretoria (administrative)Cape Town (legislative)Bloemfontein (judiciary)
Spain Kingdom of Spain SP MadridSpain Kingdom of Spain SP Madrid
Sri Lanka Democratic SocialistRepublic of Sri Lanka
CEColomboSri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Sudan Republic of the Sudan SU Khartoum
Suriname Republic of Suriname NS Paramaribo
Syrian Arab Republic SYDamascus
Mbabane (administrative)Lobamba (legislative)
Sweden Kingdom of Sweden SW Stockholm
Switzerland Swiss Confederation SZ Bern
Syria
Uganda Republic of UgandaUG
Kampala
Ukraine (no long-form name) UP Kyiv
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AE Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
UK
London
United States United States of America USWashington, DC
Uruguay Oriental Republic of Uruguay UY Montevideo
Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan UZ Tashkent
Vanuatu Republic of Vanuatu NH Port-Vila
Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela VE Caracas
Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam VM Hanoi
Yemen Republic of Yemen YM Sanaa
Zambia Republic of Zambia ZA Lusaka
Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe ZI Harare
TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE
• NU SUNT INDEPENDENTE SI SUVERANE,
• SUNT
– COLONII,– PROTECTORATE– STATE ASOCIATE,– TERITORII DE PESTE MARI ETC.
• SUNT CONTROLATE(TUTELATE) DE ALTE STATE
• AU DENUMIRI DIFERITE:
MARI ETC.
(A) American Samoa (Pago Pago) usa Anguilla (The Valley) britishAruba (Oranjestad) netherlandsAshmore & Cartier Islands (na) australian
(B) Baker & Howland Islands (na) usa Bermuda (Hamilton) british Bouvet Island (na) norwegian British Indian Ocean Territory (Diego Garcia) british British Virgin Is (Road Town) british
(C) Cayman Islands (George Town) british Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove) australian Cocos Islands (West Island) australian
(H) Heard & MacDonald Islands (na) australian Hong Kong (na) now controlled by China
(I) Isle of Man (Douglas) british
(J) Jan Mayen (na) norwegian Jarvis Island (na) usa Jersey (St. Helier) british Johnston Atoll (na) usa
TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE(alfabetic)
Cocos Islands (West Island) australian Cook Islands (Avarua) new zealand Coral Sea Islands (na) australian
(F) Faeroe Islands (Torshavn) denmark Falkland Islands (Stanley) british French Guiana (Cayenne) frenchFrench Polynesia (Papeete) french
(G) Gibraltar (Gibraltar) british Greenland (Nuuk) denmark Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre) french Guam (Agana) usa Guernsey (St. Peter Port) british
(K) Kingman Reef (na) usa
(M) Macao (Macao) now controlled by china Martinique (Fort-de-France) french Mayotte (Mamoudzou) french Midway Islands (na) usa Montserrat (Plymouth) british
(N) Navassa Island (na) usa Netherland Antilles (Willemstad) netherlands New Caledonia (Noumea) french Niue (Alofi) new zealand Norfolk Island (Kingston) australian Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan) usa
(P) Palmyra Atoll (na) usa Paracel Islands (Woody Island) disputed by china, taiwan and vietnam Puerto Rico (San Juan) usa Peter Island (na) norwegian Pitcairn Islands (Adamstown) british
(R) Reunion (Saint-Denis) french
(S) (S) St. Helena & Dependencies (Jamestown) british St. Pierre & Miquelon (St. Pierre) french South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (Grytviken) british Spratly Islands (na) disputed by china, vietnam, malaysia, and more Svalbard (Longyearbyen) norwegian
(T) Tokelau(na) new zealand Turks & Caicos Islands (Cockburn Town) british
(V) Virgin Islands (Charlotte Amalie) usa
(W) Wake Island (na) usa Wallis & Futuna (Mata Uta) french
Componentele statului
componenta geografica
componenta demografica
componenta politico-administrativa
Teritoriul Populatia -Forma de guvernamant-Regimul politic-Forma de organizare -Forma de organizare interna
Componenta geografica: teritoriul
• Teritoriu de stat -suprafata ocupata de stat, cu toate conditiile si resursele sale
• Este delimitat de
• Elementele teritoriului:
– Uscatul (continental si /sau insular)
– Apele teritoriale• Este delimitat de frontiere/granite.
– Apele teritoriale– Subsolul geologic– Spatiul aerian– Toate conditiile si
resursele care apartin solului, subsolului, apelor si aerului
componenta teritoriala (teritoriul de stat)
• Clasificarea statelor dupa pozitia geografica a teritoriului:
• 1.state continentale (situate in interiorul uscatului, fara iesire la mare sau ocean)
• 2. state enclava (enclave)• 3.state cu iesire la mare (au
in componenta ape teritoriale):teritoriale):– a) st. insulare– b) st. peninsulare– c) st. cu fatade maritime
• 4 state continental -insulare• 5.state insulare/arhipelag
1.State continentale
• -44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare (suprafata lor se desfasoara exclusiv pe uscat)
• Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia,\Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad,Czech Republic,Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,Lesotho,Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Swaziland,Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
ENCLAVE
STATUL AL CARUI TERITORIU ESTE INCONJURAT COMPLET DE
EX:-VATICAN, -SAN MARINO, -LESHOTO, -SWAZILAND,COMPLET DE
TERITORIUL ALTUI STAT MAI MARE, SE NUMESTE ENCLAVA
-SWAZILAND,-ALININGRAD-NAGORNO KARABACH
Enclave
2. state situate pe continent dar cu iesire la mare
• Conform Conventiei ONU asupra Dreptului Marii(1982), statele cu iesire
la mare detin
• 1. apele teritoriale: 12 mile marine
• 2. zona economica exclusiva (ZEE)
• 4. state insulare/arhipelag
• limitele teritoriului de stat
GRANITELE (frontierele)
• Granite naturale
• Granite conventionaleconventionale
• -Suprafata Terrei: 510 072 000 kmp din care – uscat:148,94 mil kmp (29,2%)– apa: 361 132 kmp( 70,8%)
• -Lungimea granitelor pe uscat: – 250 708 km
• 2 state se invecineaza fiecare cu cate 14 state: – China si Rusia
• -44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare
• 94 state si teritorii sunt insule si nu se invecineaza cu niciun alt stat (decat la
• American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, (decat la
nivelul apelor teritoriale):
Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
• Granite naturale• obstacole naturale intre state
• au, in general, un
• rauri, • fluvii, • lacuri,• au, in general, un
traseu sinuos • lacuri,• fasii maritime;• creste muntoase
GRANITE CONVENTIONALE
• Stabilite intre state in doua moduri:– de comun acord, prin negocieri si tratate internationale
• se traseaza pe harti si apoi pe
• Au traseu: – Sinuos (linii curbe)
internationale– Impuse cu forta in urma unor conflicte intre state
– Sinuos (linii curbe)– Rectiliniu:de-a lungul paralelelor si/sau meridianelor
– linii frante
STATELE CU CELE MAI LUNGI GRANITE:
China 13,759 miles Russia 12,514 miles Brazil 9,129 miles India 8,763 miles USA 7,611 miles Democratic Republic of Congo 6,382 miles Argentina 6,006 miles Canada 5,526 miles Mongolia 5,042 miles Sudan 4,783 miles
• Cea mai lunga frontiera intre 2 state:
• Canada - SUA , 8.893 km (nepazita), de-a lungul paralelei de 490 lat N
• Rusia: 57 000 km de granita cu 14 tari diferite:
• Coreea de Nord, • China, • Mongolia,• Kazakhstan,• Azerbaijan,• Georgia,
Ucraina, • Ucraina, • Belarus, • Letonia, • Estonia, • Finlanda, • Norvegia, • Lituania, • Polonia
Romania2,508
Bulgaria: 608 kmHungary: 443 kmMoldova: 450 kmRomania
kmMoldova: 450 kmSerbia: 476 kmUkraine : 531 km
• Pozitia geografica si traseul frontierelor determina forma statelor;
• State alungite in lungul unor lanturi muntoase sau tarmuri: Chile, Argrntina, Somalia, Nepal
• State extinse de-a lungul unor zone climatice: Rusia, Canada, SUA,
• State cu forma cvasicirculara: Romania
• State cu forma poligonala: Franta• State cu forma suprapusa unor bazine
hidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistanhidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistan• State -continent: Australia• State –peninsula: India, Turcia• State- insula: Madagascar, Islanda,
Nauru• State-arhipelag: Indonezia, UK• State continental-insulare: Grecia,
Italia, Danemarca• State enclava; Leshoto, Swaziland
Clasificarea statelor dupa marimea teritoriului
• Statele ocupa supr.diferite pe cont. si insule.
• SINGURUL continent neteritorializat (fara state) esteANTARCTICA
• Marimea teritoriului influenteaza: – evolutia si dezv. ec. si
soc. a statelor,– organizarea
administrativa, – repartitia geografica si
state) esteANTARCTICA – repartitia geografica si
densitatea populatiei,– sistemul de cai de
comunicatii si transporturi, etc.
• Cu cat e mai extins un stat are o mai mare varietate de cond. si resurse
• 1.) state cu dimensiuni continentale, >7 mil km2 )
• impreuna, ocupa 42% din suprafata
Rank
Country Total Area (km2) Coastline (km)
1. Federatia Rusa 17,075,000 37,650
2. Canada 9,985,000 202,080suprafata uscatului Terrei
3. China 9,634,000 16,840
4. USA 9,631,400 19,920
5. Brazil 8,512,000 7,490
6. Australia 7,686,850 25,760
• 2.) state f. mari (1-3 mil km2)
Rank
Country Total Area (km2) Coastline (km)
7. India 3,287,600 7,000
8. Argentina 2,760,000 4,900
9. Kazakhstan 2,717,300 0
10.
11
12
Sudan
Algeria
R D Congo
2,505,000 850
13 Arabia SauditaMexicIndoneziaLybiaIranMongoliaPeruChadNigerAngolaMaliR S AColumbiaEtiopiaBoliviaMauritaniaEgipt
2 149 6901 964 375
1 002 000
• 3.) state mari(500 km2 - 1 mil km2)
• Tanzania• Nigeria• Venezuela• Namibia• Mozambic• Pakistan• Turcia• Chile• Zambia• Myanmar• Afganistan• Somalia• Somalia• Franta• R. Central Africana• Ucraina• Madagascar• Botswana• Kenia• Yemen• Thailanda• Spania
• 4. state mijlocii
(500 km2 -100 000
• Ex: Turkmenistan 488 100 km2
• Islanda 103 000 km2
100 000 km2
55 state, inclusiv Romania
• 4. state mici(10 000 - 100 000 km2)
• Ex:• Corea: 99 678 km2
• Liban: 10 452 km2
• 5. state f. mici(<10 000 km2)
1 Vatican: 0,44 km2 ; 1000 loc.
2 Monaco: 1,95 km2 ; 32 000loc
3 San Marino: 3 San Marino: 60,57km2 ; 30 000 loc
4 Liechtenstein: 160km2 ; 30 000loc
5 Andorra: 430 km2 ; 70 000 loc
Componenta demograficaPOPULATIA CU TOATE
CARACTERISTICILE EI GEOEMOGRAFICE
• NATIUNEA• forma istorica de comunitate umana, caract. prin unitatea caract. prin unitatea de:
• teritoriu• limba• viata sociala• cultura si civilizatie
No.
Country Population
1. China 1,347,380,882
2. India 1,184,130,123
3. United States 310,207,441
4. Indonesia 243,001,006
5. Brazil 201,122,152
6. Pakistan 179,674,399
7. Bangladesh 158,067,060
8. Nigeria 152,198,748
9. Russia 139,387,254
10 Japan 126,835,958
Statele cel mai putin populate
• 1. Vatican City – Europa – 826 loc• 2. Tuvalu – Pacific – 12 373• 3. Nauru – Pacific – 14 019 • 4. Palau – Pacific – 20 000• 5. San Marino – Europa – 30,167• 5. San Marino – Europa – 30,167• 6. Monaco – Europa – 32 9657. • 7.Liechtenstein – Europa – 35 446• 8. Saint Kitts and Nevis – Caribbean- 52 000• 9. Marshall Islands – Pacific –62 000• 10. Dominica – Caribbean – 72 660
GLOBALIZAREAGLOBALIZAREA