8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
1/117
MINISTERUL EDUCAIEI, CERCETRII I TINERETULUIUNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA
FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE, GEOGRAFIE I RELAIIINTERNAIONALE
SPECIALIZAREA: Relaii Intenai!nale "i St#$ii E#!%ene
Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene caactor global
Coordonator tiinific:P!&' #ni(' $' DOLG)I D!inAbsolvent:
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
2/117
ORADEA200
2
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
3/117
CU!R"#$
Li*ta a+e(ieil! #tiliate -n te.t'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/
Li*ta &i0#il!'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1
Li*ta *23e4el!''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1
Li*ta ane.el!''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1
"#%RODUCERE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'
CA!"%O(U( )& DE("*"%+R" CO#CE!%UA(E " A,ORD+R" %EORE%"CE &&&&&&&&)0
5'5' Caa2tei*ti2ile *i*te4#l#i intena i!nal $#%6 5778 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58
5'9' C#4 %!ate &i $e&init #n a2t! al *i*te4#l#i intena i!nal '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5
5'9'5' C!n2e%t#l $e #ni#ne *#%ana i!nal6 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5/
5'9'5'5' O $e&ini ie a *#%ana i!nali*4#l#i ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5/
5'9'5'9' Uni#nea *#%ana i!nal6 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5/
5'9'9' C!n2e%t#aliaea te4enil! $e ;a2t!< i ;a2t!ie
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
4/117
9'9''5' F!4#laea %!liti2il!''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''=
9'9''9' Di*%!ni+ilitatea in*t#4entel! %!liti2e'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''8
CA!"%O(U( .& $%UD"U DE CA/: !O("%"CA EURO!EA#+ DE $ECUR"%A%E " A!+RARE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
'5' O in2#*i#ne -n i*t!ia PESA''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/'5'5' E(!l# ia E#!%ean6 $in %#n2t#l $e (e$ee al *e2#it6 ii i a%66ii '''''''''''''''''''''''''/
'5'9' L!2aliaea PESA -n %!2e*#l $e e(!l# ie ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/9
'9' Caa2tei*ti2i ale PESA''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/1
'9'5' Ca$#l in*tit# i!nal al PESA ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/7
'9'5'5' P!2e*#l $e l#ae a $e2iiil! ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/7
'9'5'9' St#2t#a in*tit# iil! -n $!4eni#l PESA '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''=9
'' P!2e*#l $e2ii!nal i in*t#4entele 2i(ile i 4ilitae -n 4ana0e4ent#l 2iel! ale $!4eni#l#i PESA''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1
''5 P!2e*#l $e2ii!nal -n 4ana0e4ent#l 2iel!''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1
''9 In*t#4ente 2i(ile i 4ilitae -n 4ana0e4ent#l 2iel! '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''11
'' O+ie2ti(e i Mi*i#ni PESA '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''7
''5' O+ie2ti(e *tate0i2e E#!%ene''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''7
''9' Mi*i#ni'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''7=
'/' Viit!#l PESA'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''71CO#C(U/""&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
,",("O-RA1"E&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&)0
A' C6i $e *%e2ialitate'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58
B' L#26i "i ati2!le $e *%e2ialitate'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58
C' D!2#4ente, Re0#la4ente, A2!$#i "i a%!ate !&i2iale le0i*laie''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58=
D' Pei!$i2e, e(i*te, *tati*ti2i''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''58@
$"%O-RA1"E&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&)0
A#EE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&))0
4
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
5/117
(ista abrevierilor utilizate 3n te4t
5
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
6/117
Abrevierea1 $e5nificaia abrevierii utilizate 3n te4tul lucr6riiACP 6ile $in A&i2a, Caai+e i Pa2i&i2 a%!.' a%!.i4ati(at' Ati2!l#lCAGRE C!n*ili#l#i $e A&a2ei Geneale "i Relaii E.tene22a' 2i2a
CE C!4#nitatea E#!%ean6CECO C!4#nitatea E#!%ean6 a C6+#nel#i i O el#l#i CEE C!4#nitatea E2!n!4i26 E#!%ean6CI C#tea Intena i!nal6 $e #*ti ie COREPER C!4itet#l Re%eentanil! Pe4aneniCPD C!een a P!liti26 %ent# De(!ltaeCPE C!!%eaea P!liti26 E#!%ean6$e e.' $e e.e4%l#DG Die2t!at#l GenealDPUE Dele0a ia P!li iei Uni#nii E#!%ene
ECAP Plan#l E#!%ean $e A2i#ne -n D!4eni#l Ca%a+ilit6il!et2' et2eteaEUMC Cent#l Milita al Uni#nii E#!%eneEUMS Stat#l Ma>! al Uni#nii E#!%eneG98 G#%#l 2el! 98GATT A2!$#l Geneal a*#%a Tai&el! Va4ale i C!4e R nalt#l Re%eentant4il' 4ili!ane4l$' 4ilia$e
NATO O0ania ia Tatat#l#i Atlanti2#l#i $e N!$NU Na i#nile UniteOCED O0ania ia %ent# C!!%eae E2!n!4i26 i De(!ltae OCED O0ania ia %ent# C!!%eae i De(!ltae E2!n!4i26 OIG O0ania ie inte0#(ena4ental6OIM O0ania ia Intena i!nal6 a M#n2ii OMC O0ania ia M!n$ial6 a C!4e #l#i OSCE O0ania ia %ent# Se2#itate i C!!%eae -n E#!%a PAC P!liti2a A0i2!l6 C!4#n6PCP P!liti2a C!4#n6 a Pe*26iil! PE Pala4ent#l E#!%eanPESA P!liti2a E#!%ean6 $e Se2#itate i A%6ae
PESC P!liti2a E.ten6 i $e Se2#itate C!4#n6PIB P!$#*#l Inten B#tPSC C!4itet#l P!liti2 i $e Se2#itateRI Rela ii intena i!nale SEAE Se(i2i#l E#!%ean %ent# A2 i#ne E.ten6SG Se2etaiat#l GenealS)APE C!4an$a4ent#l S#%e4 al &!el! aliate -n E#!%aT' TatatTUE Tatat#l a*#%a Uni#nii E#!%ene Maa*ti23tHUE Uni#nea E#!%ean6
UE5/ Uni#nea E#!%ean6 CEH &!4at6 $in 5/ *tate 4e4+eUE9/ Uni#nea E#!%ean6 &!4at6 $in 9/ *tate 4e4+e
1n !$ine al&a+eti26
6
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
7/117
UE91 Uni#nea E#!%ean6 &!4at6 $in 91 *tate 4e4+eUEO Uni#nea E#!%ei O22i$entaleVMC V!t#l Ma>!it6 ii Cali&i2ate
(ista figurilor
1"-URA #R& ) 7 %"*!U( DE R+$!U#DERE 8# $"%UA "" DE CR"/+ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&)
(ista sc9e5elor
$CE*A #R& ) 7 UE ; AC%OR -(O,A(< RE$!O#$A,"("%+ " $!OR"%E 8# -E$%"O#AREA $ECUR"%+ "" &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&=0
$CE*A #R& 2 ; !ROCE$U( DEC"/"O#A( 8# CADRU( !E$A&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&>0
$CE*A #R& . 7 $%RUC%UR"(E !E$A (A #"?E(U( $ECRE%AR"A%U(U"-E#ERA( A( UE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&>.
$CE*A #R& = 7 *ECA#"$*U( !R"?"#D DE/?O(%AREA CA!A,"("%+ "(OR&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&')
$CE*A #R& > ; $%RUC%URA C(A$"C+ A U#U" -RU! DE (U!%+&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'
(ista ane4elor
A#EA ) 7 *"$"U#" 8# DO*E#"U( !E$A DE *A#A-E*E#% A( CR"/E(OR)))
A#EA 2 7 CE(%U"E("(E EURO!E#E 8# DO*E#"U( !E$A 8# A#U( 200>&&&))2
A#EA . 7 CO#%R",U "A EURO!EA#+ (A !ER$O#A(U( *"("%AR 8# A#U( 200>&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&)).
A#EA ; OR-A#E(E *"("%ARE D"# UE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&))
A#EA = ; CRO#O(O-"A !E$A&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&))=
A#EA > ; $%RUC%URA !"(O#"(OR&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&))=
A#EA @ 7 $"$%E*U( !O("%"C " "#$%"%U ""(E UE &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&))@
7
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
8/117
"#%RODUCERE
n *e2!l#l I, 6ile 2ae (! -ne0i*ta 2el 4ai 4ae *#22e* (! &i 2ele 2ae *#nt2a%a+ile n# n#4ai *6 *e a$a%tee ten$inel! 0l!+ale 2i *6 "i %i(ea*26 $in2!l! $e 0aniele l!"i *6 elai!nee 2# alte 6i' C# (al!ile, le0ile "i in*tit#iile *ale 2!4#ne, UE $eine %!iia#ni26 %in 2ae *6 a>#te 6ile "i %!%!aele n!a*te *6 -nnte a2e*te %!(!26i 0l!+ale' E*te-n*6 i4%!tant *6 &ii eali*t -n 2eea 2e %i(e"te $i4en*i#nea a2e*t! %!(!26i, $a "i 2# %i(iela $i4en*i#nea, nat#a "i #0ena 6*%#n*#l#i UE'
UE a >#2at -n #lti4ii /8 $e ani #n !l e*enial -n a*i0#aea %!*%eit6ii "i *e2#it6ii2!ntinent#l#i n!*t#: a -nntat %!(!2aea $e a e2l6$i %a2ea $in #inele "i $i*t#0eile2a#ate $e 6+!i a -nl6t#6ii +aieel! e2!n!4i2e "i 2!4e2iale %in 2eaea Pieei Uni2e a
%!4!(6ii #n#i an0a>a4ent 2!4#n %ent# $e4!2aie "i li+etate %e 2#%in*#l #nei UEe#ni&i2ate "i e.tin*e, 2# 91 $e State Me4+e a #n#i !l $e nte -n l#%ta -4%!ti(a *662iei0l!+ale'
A2#4, la -n2e%#t#l *e2!l#l#i I, e23ili+#l a2ti(it6ii e2!n!4i2e 0l!+ale *e 4!$i&i26!$at6 2# a&i4aea C3inei, In$iei "i a alt! e2!n!4ii e4e0ente' Tan*&!46ile $in $!4eni#l2!4#ni2aiil! "i te3n!l!0iei a# 2!n$#* la ! a%!(ii!nae 0l!+al6 2# +#n#i, la &l#.#i $e2a%ital 0l!+ale, %e2#4 "i la a%aiia $e n!i a4enin6i 0l!+ale la a$e*a *e2#it6ii n!a*te,4e0Jn$ $e la te!i*4 la *23i4+6ile 2li4ati2e' A2e*te e(!l#ii $a# na"tee #n! n!i
%!(!26i "i n!i %!*i+ilit6i %e 2ae &!n$at!ii UE n# lea &i %#t#t anti2i%a ni2i!$at6'A"a 2#4 E#!%a a -nntat 2# *#22e* %!(!26ile %ei!a$ei $e $#%6 57/, UE %!ate
a*i0#a a2#4 +aa *tate0iei n!a*te %ent# $e%6"iea a2e*t! n!i %!(!26i 0l!+ale "i %ent# a4e0e -nainte' Da %ent# a ealia a2e*t l#2#, a(e4 ne(!ie $e ! E#!%6 4ai $e*23i*6 *%e
e.tei!, ! E#!%6 0l!+al6, 2ae *6 %!at6 *ta+ili ! n!#6 *tate0ie %ent# 0l!+aliae -n 2ae *6*e %#n6 a22ent#l %e $e*23i$ee, e23itate "i %e i4%!tana 2!!%e6ii -nte nai#ni' A2e*t l#2#e*te ne2e*a $e!ae2e 2!nte.t#l %!ie2t#l#i e#!%ean *a 4!$i&i2at -n 4!$ 2!n*i$ea+il' n$e2eniile 2ae a# #4at i4e$iat $#%6 57/, %!(!2aea a 2!n*tat -n a i$i2a E#!%a $in *taea$e $i*t#0ee 2a#at6 $e 2el $eal D!ilea R6+!i M!n$ial -n a a>#ta la e&a2eea *t#2t#ii $e
+a6 a 6il! n!a*te, la e2!n*t#iea "i 2!n*!li$aea $e4!2aiei, %e2#4 "i la 2!ne2taeaintee*el! *tatel! $in E#!%a $e Ve*t %in inte0aea e2!n!4iil! l! -n (e$eea a*i0#6ii#nei %62i $#a+ile'
A*t6i, -n*6, nai#nile E#!%ei te+#ie *6 6*%#n$6 la *23i4+6ile n$a4entale "i-n262ate $e 2!n*e2ine ale 0l!+ali6ii' P!+le4a 2ae *e %#ne a2#4 n# *e e#46 n#4ai la4!$#l $e n2i!nae e&e2ti(6 a #nei UE e.tin*e la 91 $e State Me4+e, 2i la 4!$#l 2#4
elai!nea6 a2e*tea 2# e*t#l l#4ii' D#%6 2#4 a !+*e(at !*K Man#el Ba!*!, Pe"e$inteleC!4i*iei E#!%ene, ;E#!%a 0l!+al6 te+#ie *6 &ie ! E#!%6 $e*23i*6' Te+#ie *6 &ie ! E#!%62ae %i(e"te -n a&a6' i ea %!ate "i te+#ie *6 ei*te -n &aa 2el! 2ae 6*%#n$ la 0l!+aliae
%in eta0eea -n *%atele +aieel! %!te2i!ni*te'Pin a2ea*t6 l#2ae *e $!e te e(i$en ieea !l#l#i i4%!tant al Uni#nii %e *2ena
4!n$ial6 $in %e*%e2ti(a &a%t#l#i 26 Uni#nea - i 2!nt#ea6 #n !l $e a2t! 0l!+al a2e*t l#2# &iin$ #n *t#$i# $in 2e -n 2e 4ai $e+6t#t -n a+!$6ile Rela iil! Intena i!nale' A2e*t *tat#t $e a2t!, $a26 *e (a 4ateialia 2!4%le2t, ii (a a$#2e ! *eie $e &a2ilit6 i UE -n a+!$aea i e!l(aea %!+le4el! e2!n!4i2e, %!liti2e i *!2iale la ni(el intena i!nal al *tatel! 4e4+e i -n ela iile 2# al i a2t!i ai *i*te4#l#i'
8
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
9/117
n ealiaea a2e*tei l#26i, a4 #tiliat 5 l#26i +i+li!0a&ie, 2ele 4ai i4%!tante&iin$: Bet3et!n, C', P!nt!n, G', Global Politics: An Introduction, 577=, O.&!$, E$'Bla2ell Bet3et!n, C' V!0le, ', The European Union As a Global Actor, E$i ia a 9a, 988=, E$it#a R!#tle$0e C!*0!(e, C' A', Ti23ett, ''The new International actors: TheUN and EEC, 5777, L!n$a, E$it#a Ma24illan P6#n, Ni2!lae,Istoria constructiei europene,Cl#> Na%!2a, 5777, E$it#a F#n$atiei %ent# St#$ii E#!%ene i Gia$et, R', Aprarea
Europei, Ta$#*6 $e Gan0al6#, B' Ant!ni#, I', 988/, E$it#a In*tit#t#l E#!%ean'L#2aea e*te *t#2t#at6 %e tei 4ai 2a%it!le' Ca%it!l#l #n# e*te intit#lat: ;Deli4it6i2!n2e%t#ale i a+!$6i te!eti2e
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
10/117
Capitolul )& Deli5it6ri conceptuale i abord6ri teoretice
)&)& Caracteristicile siste5ului interna ional dup6 )0
S&J it#l R6+!i#l#i Re2e, #ni&i2aea Ge4aniei, e*%e2ti( tan*&!46ile e2!n!4i2e i *!2iale ale E#!%ei Centale i $e E*t a# *23i4+at a$i2al 4e$i#l e#!%ean -n intei!#l 26#ia *a# $e(!ltat C!4#nit6 ile E#!%ene' A2e*tea, -4%e#n6 2# *tatele 4e4+e a# &!*t ne(!ii *6 *e a$a%tee i *6 6*%#n$6 la ne(!ile i a te%t6ile n!il! $e4!2a ii ale E#!%ei Centale' Pin Tatat#l $e la Maa*ti23t TUEH *a# &62#t an#4ite a>#*t6i intene 2ae *6 -ntJ4%ine a2e*tene(!i' A2e*t l#2# a &!*t &62#t %ent# a int!$#2e ! n!#6 &a6 a inte06ii -n !na a%66ii i *e2#it6 ii $a a &!*t *ta0nat6 $e 26te %!2e*#l $e ati&i2ae' CE, *%e $e!*e+ie $e (e2inii *6i e*ti2i, a# $e(!ltat #n %!0a4 $e a*i*ten 6, li+e *23i4+, 2!n2e%t#l $e a*!2iee %in
A2!$#ile E#!%eneH i %!4i*i#nea e(ent#alei a$e6i a a*e *tate Cental i E*t E#!%ene' R6+!i#l Re2e a $i(iat E#!%a, ti4% $e %e*te 8 $e ani, -n $!#6 ta+ee !*tile 2eea 2e a*t#2t#at an*a4+l#l ela iil! intena i!nale' A2e*t anta0!ni*4 n# *a e$#* la 2!n&li2te $e intee*e %!liti2e i e2!n!4i2e ta$i i!nale' El a (iat atJt n$a4entele 2Jt "i &inalit6 ile
%!liti2ii e.%i4Jn$#"i 2!n2e% iile anta0!ni2e -n 2eea 2e %i(e"te li+etatea, $e%t#ile i (ia a -n *!2ietate, in2l#*i( %!liti2a inten6 a *tatel!' C!n&li2tele i$e!l!0i2e a# 4ai e.i*tat 6+!aie eli0i!a*e, 6+!aiele 2ae a# #4at e(!l# ia &an2e6 $in 51@7, 2!n&li2tele %i(in$ na i!nalit6 ile $a anta0!ni*4#l E*tVe*t a a(#t $i4en*i#ni %lanetae, 4a2Jn$ t!ate a*%e2tele %!liti2ii intena i!nale' D#%6 R6+!i#l Re2e, %!liti2a intena i!nal6 e&le2t6 !
%#teni26 ete!0enitate i$e!l!0i26, %!liti26 i 2#lt#al6' Statele a# e0i4#i $i&eite, 0#(enele l! n# a# a2eea i 2!n2e% ie a*#%a $e%t#l#i, 4!alei i *en*#l#i i*t!iei' Rena teea
2!n&li2tel! etni2e i a na i!nali*4el! !*tile, 2e teea n$a4entali*4el! eli0i!a*e 2!n*tit#ie n!i 4ani&e*t6i ale a2e*tei ete!0enit6 i'
S2ena intena i!nal6 %eint6, $e a*e4enea, 4ai $i*%ait6 i e2!n!4i2e i *!2iale, $e la !%#len 6 la *662ia e.te46, 2ae e.a2e+ea6 2!n&li2tele -nte 0#(ene i -nte 2!4#nit6 i, -n $i*%#ta %ent# e%atiaea e*#*el!, $ete4inJn$ 2!n2e% ii $i(e0ente -n %!liti2a intena i!nal6'
P6+# iea e0i4#il! 2!4#ni*te, $i(iaea URSS, $i*%ai ia tatat#l#i $e la Va !(ia -n*e4n6 *&J it#l !$inii teit!iale *ta+ilite $#%6 al $!ilea 6+!i 4!n$ial E#!%a e(enea la *it#a ia -n 2ae &ie2ae &!ntie6 %#tea &i 2!nte*tat6 i &ie2ae 4in!itate %#tea $e(eni ie$enti*t6'
Re&!4ele $in URSS i e(!l# iile $in *tatele E*t e#!%ene a# $e*23i* 2alea *%e !
n!#6 a+!$ae -n ela iile E*tVe*t' La -n2e%#t#l an#l#i 5778, 4ini tii $e e.tene ai 6il! 4e4+e NATO e.%i4a# 3!t6Jea $e a &!l!*i 2!n$i iile i*t!i2e 2ae $e2#0ea# $in *23i4+6ile %ete2#te -n E#!%a i a$e*a# #n 4e*a> $e %ietenie i 2!!%eae' n a2ela i an, la L!n$a, 6ile 4e4+e NATO a# a$!%tat ! $e2laa ie a*#%a #nei alian e tan*&!4ate, 0ata *6 *ta+ilea*26 le06t#i $e 2!!%eae 2# 6ile $in E#!%a $e E*t' n n!ie4+ie 5778, $#%6 -ntJlniile G!+a2i!(B#*3 $in Malta i $e la Qa*3in0t!n, *tatele %in2i%ale ale OSCE *a# e#nit i a# a$!%tat ;Cata $e la Pai* %ent# ! n!#6 E#!%6
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
11/117
n ti4%#l %ei!a$ei %!*t Vietna4, 2Jn$ SUA %e$!4ina atJt *2ena e2!n!4i264!n$ial6 2Jt "i 2ea %!liti26, $in %i2ina in*ta+ilit6ii, %!liti2ienii CE a# -n2e%#t, -n 4!$ a2ti(,a 2!n*!li$a 2a%a2it6 ile $e %!liti26 e.ten6 ale CE, -n *%e2ial %int#n *i*te4 $e 2!!$!nae a
%!liti2ii e.tene, 2#n!*2#t *#+ n#4ele $e 2a$#l C!!%e6ii P!liti2e E#!%ene CPEH, ini iat -n 5718' S&J it#l a+#%t al R6+!i#l#i Re2e, 2ae a e%eentat ! %!(!2ae 4a>!6 %ent# 2ei 2ae *t#$ia# RI, 23ia i %ent# %a2ti2ieni, a# $e(6l#it $e&e2tele *i*te4#l#i CPE'
Rea%ai ia #n! 2!n&li2te a4ate -n E#!%a la -n2e%#t#l anil! 78 i te4eile in*ta+ilit6ii %!liti2e 6*%Jn$ite -n E#!%a $e E*t, a# $e4!n*tat !l#l i4%!tant al UE -n$!4eni#l *e2#it6 ii' Pent# 2e2et6t!ii -n $!4eni#l RI i analia %!liti2ii e.tene, a2e*t a*%e2t al a2ti(it6 ii e.tene a Uni#nii a 2!n*tit#it #ltei! %in2i%al#l !+ie2ti( al an23etei'
Din a2ea*t6 %e*%e2ti(6, a &!*t %e4i*6 a%ai ia CE, *t#2t#a +i%!la6 a R6+!i#l#i Re2e *e(in$ la $i4in#aea i4%!tan ei ;%#teil!< Ve*tE#!%ene i la aten#aea 2!n$i iil! $e ana3ie -n 2ae a2e*tea n2 i!na#' n ti4% 2e alte !+*ta2!le a# 64a*, #n i4%e$i4ent i4%!tant al 2!!%e6ii a &!*t -nl6t#at a2e*ta ea ;&i2a $e &a%t#l 26 a(anta>#l e2!n!4i2 al#n#ia a %#tea &i ta$#* -n &! a 4ilita6, 2ae a %#tea &i &!l!*it6 -4%!ti(a alt!a
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
12/117
Apari ia noului siste5 polar
S#nt #nii 2ae *#* in 26 -ntea0a l#4ea e*te, *a# a te+#i *6 #4ee 2alea #n#i n!# *i*te4 2e %e*#%#ne %6+# iea *a# *l6+iea *i*te4el! na i!nale i i4%#neea #nei n!i !0ania ii *#%ana i!nale 2e %e*#%#ne #n 2!nt!l 4ai a4%l#' La e.te4a a2ea*ta a %#tea
e.i*ta #n 0#(en #ni2 4!n$ial i *i*te4#l a &i -n a2e*t 2a #ni%!la' Un a*e4enea *i*te4 ae atJt a*%e2te %!iti(e 2at i ne0ati(e, $a a2e*tea (! &i $i*2#tate -n %ate, -n 2a%it!lele 2e (! #4a' n (iit!#l %e(ii+il *e %!ate %e*#%#ne -nte4eieea #n#i a*t&el $e *i*te4 #ni%!la'Un alt ti% $e *i*te4 #ni%!la e*te i4%ei#l #ni(e*al
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
13/117
Un %!l n!$a4ei2an e*te %!*i+il *6 *e $e(!lte' O -n ele0ee $e li+e 2!4e e.i*t6 $e>a -nte SUA "i Cana$a, $ea*e4enea ne0!2iei tilateale -n (e$eea 2a%t6ii Me.i2#l#i -n2eea 2e e*te n#4it A*!2iaia N!$ A4ei2an6 a Li+e#l#i S23i4+ NAFTAH, *a# -n23eiat'A2ea*ta &!4ea6 #n +l!2 e2!n!4i2 $e =8 $e 4ili!ane $e 2!n*#4at!i i a(Jn$ #n (enit an#al $e ='888 $e 4ilia$e $e USD an#al, 2# ! tei4e 4ai 4ae $e2Jt 2ea a C!4#nit6 ii E#!%ene' Pe lJn06 NAFTA a# e.i*tat e&!t#i (e4elni2e $e* eti23etate $e%t -nte%in$ei
%ent# ini iati(a a4ei2an6l!2i# !na G!ll#i 2eea 2e*e4ni&i2a %!i i!naea SUA %ent# n!#a 2!4%eti ie -n 2ae (iit!ii a$(e*ai (! &i a2t#alii alia i inJn$ *ea4a "i $e %e%!n$eena t!t 4ai 4a2at6 a 2!4%eti iei a*#%a 2!!%e6ii -n intei!#l l#4ii !22i$entaleH' n a2ela i 2!nte.t *e -n*2ie i e&!t#l $e -n23eiee a %62ii -nte I*ael "i 6ile aa+e, 2eea 2e (a 2analia i*la4i*4#l *%e alte inte %!*i+il E#!%a, $in*%e A&i2a $e N!$, *en* -n 2ae 6ile UE a# a(an*at e2ent %!%#neea $e 2eae a #nei !ne e2!n!4i2e i $e *e2#itate 2# 6ile $in A&i2a $e N!$ *i Oient#l Mi>l!2i#H' n $!4eni#l e2!n!4i2, -ne0i*ta4 2i!2niea $inte 2aa2te#l 4!n$iali*t al *i*te4#l#i i4%#* $e SUA$#%6 6+!iH i ten$in a $e &a04entae 2!4e2ial6 a l#4ii -n +l!2#i UE, NAFTA, APEC, ASEAN *i a%!niaH' Dat6 &iin$ *e%aaea &l#.#il! 2!4e2iale $e 2ele &inan2iae, e*te $ea te%tat 2a, $a26 ! atae &a04entae (a a(ea l!2, ea *a n# a&e2tee $!4eni#l &inan2ia, 2ae (a 2!ntin#a, 2# t!at6 %!+a+ilitatea, *6 64Jn6 0l!+al inte$e%en$en ele a# a>#n* %ea 4ai
%ent# 2a ! #%t#a *6 %!at6 &i e&e2t#at6 &66 2!n*e2in e 4a>!e 23ia i %ent# 2el 2ae ! ini ia6H' O alt6 4!ti(a ie 2!n*ta -n 4!$i&i2aea 4!$el#l#i $e %#tee: $e la 2ea 2ae a2 i!nea6 in$i(i$#al, %e%!n$eent 4ilita, *%e 2ea 2ae #tiliea6 ! %!i ie 2ental6 -n 2a$#l *i*te4#l#i 4!n$ial -n *%e2ial -n %lan e2!n!4i2 i &inan2ia %#tee *i*te4i26H'
Ceea 2e %#te4 *%#ne 2# *i0#an 6 e*te 26 +i%!laitatea n# 4ai e.i*t6' N!#l *i*te4 intena i!nal (a a(ea %!+a+il 2Jte(a 2aa2tei*ti2i 4#lti%!lae, $a n# *e (a 2!n2etia -n *i*te4#l 4#lti%!la ti4%#i#'9
)&2& Cu5 poate fi definit un actor al siste5ului interna ional
9Bet3et!n, C' V!0le, ', The European Union As a Global Actor, E$i ia a 9a, 988=, E$it#a R!#tle$0e, %' 99'
13
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
14/117
A+!$aea (ie ii intena i!nale %in inte4e$i#l te!iei *i*te4el! i4%li26 $!#6 %aliee: 2el al ele4entel! ei 2!4%!nente ;AC%OR""< i 2el al ; RA!OR%UR"(OR< $inte ei'M!$i&i2aea nat#ii, e*%e2ti( a ti%#l#i $e ;ACTOR
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
15/117
P!i ia *tat#l#i na i!nal 2a a2t! 2entat al *i*te4#l#i intena i!nal 2!n*tit#ie 2!n*tit#ie a*t&el #na $in 2ele 4ai 2!nt!(e*ate te4e $e inte!0ae ale te!iei RI' Men i!n64 ! %ate $in a0#4entele $i4in#6ii !l#l#i *tat#l#i: 4#lti%li2aea *#*el! $e a#t!itate i %#tee $i4in#aea 2a%a2it6 ii *tatel! $e a 2!nt!la e2!n!4iile na i!nale 2a e#ltat al 0l!+ali6ii i inte$e%en$en ei in2a%a2itatea $e 2!nt!l a in&!4a iil! i i$eil!, 2a #4ae a e(!l# iei
4i2!ele2t!ni2e $e e.' C3ina i e&!t#ile 2en#ae a a22e*#l#i la IntenetH ten$in a *%e
$e*2entaliae i 2e tee a !l#l#i a#t!it6 il! l!2ale i %!(in2iale -n $a#na 0#(en#l#i 2ental $e e.' $e(!l# ia -n S2! ia i aa Galil!H $e%en$en a 2e*2#t6 a 4a>!it6 ii *tatel! $e e*#*e nat#ale e.tene' Ma>!itatea anali til! 2!n*i$e6 26 *tat#l %6*tea6 ! %!i ie $!4inant6 -n *i*te4#l intena i!nal 23ia -n 2!n$i iile e2!n*i$e6ii a22e% i#nii ta$i i!nale a *#(eanit6 ii' A*t&el, 2!4%etiti(itatea i 2e teea e2!n!4i26, *e2#itatea *!2ial6, a*i0#aea 4ateiil! %i4e, et2', 64Jn -n 2!4%eten a 0#(enel! na i!nale 2!4%aniile 4#ltina i!nale $e%in$ $e *tatele $e !i0ine %ent# %!te2 ie $ie2t6 *a# in$ie2t6 *tatele a# %ent# 4!4ent 4!n!%!l#l &!l!*iii le0iti4e a &! ei %ent# a 2!nt!la t#l+#6ile intene *a# %ent# a 6*%#n$e #n! 2ie intena i!nale' De a*e4enea, e%eentan ii 0#(enel! na i!nale *#nt &a2t!i $e2i$en i -n !0ania iile intena i!nale *a# e0i!nale' C3ia i !0ania iile *#%ana i!nale UEH *#nt &!l!*ite $e 26te *tatele 4e4+e %ent# a i *#* ine intee*ele
na i!nale'
)&2&)& Conceptul de uniune suprana ional6
1.2.1.1. O defini ie a suprana ionalismului
S#%ana i!nali*4#l e*te ! 4et!$6 $e l#ae a $e2iiil! -n 2a$#l 2!4#nit6 il! %!liti2e 4#l ina i!nale, -n 2ae %#teea e*te tan*&eat6 #nei a#t!it6 i 4ai 4ai $e2Jt 0#(enele *tatel! 4e4+e' Din 2a#a &a%t#l#i 26 $e2iiile, -n 2a$#l #n! *t#2t#i *#%ana i!nale, *#nt l#ate %in 4et!$a (!t#il! 4a>!itae, e*te %!*i+il 2a #n *tat 4e4+#, $in a2ele #ni#ni, *6 &ie&! at *6 i4%le4entee ! $e2iie'
S%e $e!*e+ie $e *tat#l *#%a&e$eal, *tatele 4e4+e e in *#(eanitatea n!4inal6, $e 4en i!nat e*te 26 %# in6 *#(eanitate e*te -4%6 it6 2# *a# 2e$at6 la !0ani*4#l#i *#%ana i!nal' S#(eanitatea $e%lin6 %!ate &i e$!+Jn$it6 %in eta0eea a2!$#il! *#%ana i!nale'
O a#t!itate *#%ana i!nal6, %in $e&ini ie, %!ate a(ea #n &el $e in$e%en$en 6 &a 6 $e 0#(enele *tatel! 4e4+e, 2# t!ate 26, n# la &el $e n#l6 2a -n 2a#l 0#(enel! &e$eale'In*tit# iile *#%ana i!nale, 2a i 0#(enele &e$eale, i4%li26 %!*i+ilitatea #46iii #n! a0en$e $i&eite &a 6 $e (ii#nile *tatel! $ele0ate'
1.2.1.2. Uniunea suprana ional
O #ni#ne *#%ana i!nal6, *#%an#4it6 -n an#4ite 2i2#4*tan e, *tat *#%ana i!nal, e*te #n 0#% $e *tate 2ae a#: #nele $in t6*6t#ile #nei !0ania ii intena i!nale i #nele t6*6t#i ale #n#i *tat &e$eal *a# &e$ea ie'
15
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
16/117
n alte 2#(inte, e*te ! in*tit# ie 3i+i$6, *a# tan*na i!nal6' Unele $e2iii a# $e%in$ $e 2!n*en*#l *tatel! inte0#(ena4entali*4H i altele a# ne(!ie $!a $e ! 4a>!itate, &ie ale *tatel! 4e4+e, &ie ale e%eentan il! ale i *#%ana i!nali*4H ' Unele 6i, $int! e0i#ne $at6 a l#4ii, $e e.' #n 2!ntinent *a# *#+2!ntinent, *i4t ne(!ia $e ! inte0ae 4ai %!n$6,&66 a a$!%ta i4e$iat t!ate in*tit# iile #nei na i#ni &e$eale' De ai2i %!nin$ i$eea l! $e a $e(eni #nite *#+ ! entitate *#%ana i!nal6'
UE ae 4#lte $in t6*6t#ile #nei 6i *#(eane' inte te la #ni&i2aea %6 il! $i&eite %e ! +a6 >#i$i26, i *6 &ie e2#n!*2#t6 $e alte 6i *a# !0ania ii' S%#* int#n 4!$ 4ai %a2ti2, UE e*te #n %!ie2t 2ae a 4e* 4ai $e%ate -n a2ea*t6 $ie2 ie' E*te -n26 #n 4e4+# #ni2 al 2la*ei *ale, !0aniaea *a &iin$ *t#$iat6 $e 0#%#i $e 6i 2ae (! *6 ! i4ite, a*t&el a(Jn$ #n
%#n2t $e %!nie %ent# %!%iile %!ie2te'13Uni#nea a2 i!nea6 t!t 4ai a*e46n6t! 2# ! !0ania ia inte0#(ena4ental6, %e2#4
n# e0le4entea6 4#lte a*%e2te ale *tatel! 4e4+e *tatele (!tJn$ %in *i*te4#l (!t#l#i 2#4a>!itate 2ali&i2at6 ia C!n*ili#l E#!%ean 2!nt!lea6 a0en$a le0i*lati(6' E*te 4ai 4#lt !
%!+le46 $e ne0!2iee -nte *tate, $e2Jt 2ea a #nei ;%!liti2i $e %la%#46
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
17/117
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
18/117
nt#2Jt, ti4% $e 4ai 4#lte *e2!le, *e %!ate *6 &i &!*t ! 2!e*%!n$en 6 e!na+il6 -nte 2a$#l >#i$i2 i ealit6 ile %!liti2e a (ie ii intena i!nale, %e la 4i>l!2#l *e2!l#l#i i%!teele Qe*%3aliene ea# %#*e la -n$!ial6' Pi4a e2#n!a tee !&i2ial6 a a2e*t#i l#2# a (enit ! $at6 2# an#l 57@ i $e2iia C# ii Intena i!nale $e #*ti ie CIH 2# %i(ie la *tat#t#l >#i$i2 al
Na i#nil! Unite, -n 2!nte.t#l %!2e*#l#i $e e!0aniae a $e%t#l#i $e a %eenta ! 2eee $e $e*%60#+ie -n #4a a*a*in6ii 4e$iat!#l#i *6#, 2!ntele F!le Bena$!tte, -n Pale*tina'
C#tea a *ta+ilit 26 NU a(ea# *tat#t >#i$i2 intena i!nal, $a n# ea e23i(alent 2# 2el al #n#i *tat' Pin a%li2aea +ine 2#n!*2#t#l#i %in2i%i# al ;*%e2i&i2it6 ii< %e*!anei >#i$i2e, NU i %in e.ten*ie t!ate !0ania iile intena i!nale *#nt e2#n!*2#te 2a a(Jn$ 2a%a+ilitatea *#&i2ient6 i ne2e*a6 $e a e.e2ita n2 ii 2ae le e(in %in %e(e$eile Catei' Da26 OIG O0ania ii Inte0#(ena4entaleH *#nt $e &a%t 0#(enate $e $e%t#l intena i!nal, $i*tin2t $e 4e4+ii 2ae le 2!n*tit#ie, a2e*tea n# *e +#2#6 $e -ntea0a 0a46 $e 2!4%eten e a2!$ate $e $e%t *tatel!'
BaJn$#*e %e a2e*t l#2#, CE a# !+ in#t %e*!nalitate >#i$i26, 2# t!ate 26 *tat#t#l *6# !&i2ial ea a2el al #nei OIG i ae $e%t#l $e a a2 i!na $!a in !nele *ta+ilite $e 2!4%eten a le0al6'
Ceaea Uni#nii E#!%ene, la intaea -n (i0!ae a Tatat#l#i Uni#nii E#!%ene TUEH
-n n!ie4+ie 577, int!$#2e 2!4%li2a ii %ent# a2!$aea *tat#t#l#i $e a2t! -n te4eni le0ali' TUE *ta+ile te *t#2t#a Uni#nii %e #n 2a$# 2ae 2#%in$e ;Pil!ni#i$i26 Uni#nii'
A2e*t %!2e* $ina4i2 $e a atin0e *tat#t#l $e a2t!, a %#tea &i $e*2i* -n te4eni aiintea2 i#nii in*tit# iil!W*t#2t#il! >#i$i2e i a0en iile %!liti2e -n %!2e*#l $e *t#2t#ae, #n$e $e%t#l intena i!nal e&le2t6 i &!4ea6 e(!l# ia %a2ti2ii' n 4!$ *i0# a e.i*tat #n
%!2e* $iale2ti2 -nte a&i4aea $e%t#il! !0ani*4el! %e2#4 UE i a2!$#ile 2ae in&!4ea6 a*#%a 6*%#n*#il! alt! 4e4+i ai 2!4#nit6 ii intena i!nale' A2e*t %!2e* e*te e(i$ent, atJt -n 4aniea -n 2ae CE a# &!*t a22e%tate 2a *#22e*! a *tatel! 4e4+e, 2Jt i 2a
%ate a an#4it! a2!$#i intena i!nale' n 2!n&!4itate 2# a2!$#l GATT a &!*t a22e%tat ne!&i2ial 2a #n >#26t! 2ae e%eint6 %6 ile 2!nta2tante' A $e(enit ! %ate $e *ine *t6t6t!ae, %e lJn06 *tatele 4e4+e, $!a 2Jn$ *a -n&iin at OMC -n 577' n alte !ne, #n$e
%!liti2a 2!4#n6 *e a%li26, %e2#4 a2!$#ile %e*26iil! intena i!nale, CE e*te #n *#22e*! $ie2t al *tatel! 4e4+e'
O $ina4i26 *i4ila6 %!ate &i !+*e(at6, $e a*e4enea, !%eJn$ in(e*, -n &a%t#l 26
e.i*t6 ! ten*i#ne -nte 2eeile e.tene 2a UE a te+#i *6 >!a2e #n !l a2ti( -n *i*te4#lintena i!nal i eti2en a $in %atea 0#(enel! *tatel! 4e4+e $e a a2!$a 2!4%eten 6 CE %e !nele 2!n*i$eate *en*i+ile %e %lan inten' C!4%eten a e*te te4en#l CE %ent# ;%#tei< i
%!ate &i $e&init6 2a: ;a#t!itatea $e a -nte%in$e ne0!2iei , *6 -n23eie a2!$#i 2# 2aa2te!+li0at!i#, i *6 a$!%te 46*#ile $e %#nee -n a%li2ae' n 2a#l -n 2ae 2!4%eten a e*te e.2l#*i(6, a2ea*ta a%a ine $!a C!4#nit6 ii e.2l#$eii *tatel! 4e4+e' Un$e e*te 2!n2!4itent 2!4%eten a atJt a C!4#nit6 ii 2Jt i a *tatel! 4e4+e, a2e*tea %!t a2 i!na $!a 2!n2!4itent'
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
19/117
I4%!tan a %a2ti2il! e(!l#ti(e -n %!2e*#l 2!4%le. i $ina4i2 2e -n2!n>!a6 ati+#iea *tat#t#l#i &!4al >#i$i2, ne a4inte te 26, 23ia $a26 e*te ne2e*a a a(ea #n an#4it 0a$ $e -n ele0ee a 2!n2e%t#l#i $e a2t!, 2#4 e*te $e*2i* -n $e%t#l intena i!nal, a2e*ta n# e*te *#&i2ient' Mai 4#lt $e2Jt atJt, n# e.i*t6 ! 2!e*%!n$en 6 ne2e*a6 -nte !+ ineea #nei
%e*!nalit6 i >#i$i2e i *tat#t#l $e a2t!, -n ti4% 2e !0ani*4e %e2#4 UE %!t -n$e%lini i4%!tante n2 ii &66 a %!*e$a %e*!nalitate >#i$i26' C# t!ate a2e*tea $e%t#l 2!ntin#6 *6
ai+6 i4%!tan 6 atJt ti4% 2Jt !&e6 #n 2!nte.t in*tit# i!nal 2ae *6 2!nti+#ie la %ata>aea -n ele0eil! 2# %i(ie la 2ine %!ate a2 i!na'
)&.& %eorii ce iau 3n considera ie i5portan a actorilor
n RI 2!n(en i!nale 6*%#n*#l la -nte+aea: ;2ae e*te 2aa2tei*ti2a %in2i%al6 a #n#i #n a2t!?< e*te, -n e*en 6, a2ela i 2a i 6*%#n*#l $at $e ;a(!2a i
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
20/117
Din anii 18, a+!$6ile %l#ali*te a# 2!nte*tat *i4%li2itatea Reali*4#l#i' Pini$enti&i2aea #nei %alete $e #nit6 i *e4ni&i2ati(e, -n 2ae a2t!ii n!n *tatali n# ea# nea%6at *#+!$!na i *tatel!' A*t&el *a %!tetiat #n 2!n2e%t altenati( ;a2t!#l 4i.t< *a# 23ia #n *i*te4 ;4!n$ial< *a# ;0l!+ala -nt! a2 i#ne 2e ae #n an#4it *2!%'
n a+!$6ile RI a*#%a *tat#t#l#i $e a2t!, *a a2!$at i4%!tan 6 2ental6 2!n2e%t#l#i $e a#t!n!4ie' A2ea*t6 2ein 6 tin$e *6 e(i$en iee %!2e$#ile intene ale UE i a &!*t %!*i+il6 e.ta0eea 4ai 4#lt! 2!n2l#ii $i&eite -n 2eea 2e %i(e te a#t!n!4ia $e%en$ent6 $e aan>a4entele $e (!t $in C!n*ili#l Mini til! i 2!4%eten ele e.e2itate $e C!4i*ie' 24
Atin0eea *tat#t#l#i $e a2t! 2ee 2a an#4ite 2iteii *6 &ie -n$e%linite, ! &!4#l6 2ae a%e4i* l#i C!*0!(e i Ti23ett *6 2!n2l#$6, 23ia $a26 la *&J it#l anil! 57=8, 26 CE ea #n ;a2t! intena i!nal (ia+il
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
21/117
n ti4%#l anil! 57=8 e.i*ta ! $e+atee a4%l6 -n liteat#a RI a*#%a ;%!+le4eini(el#l#i $e anali6< $a26 aten ia a te+#i a2!$at6 2!n2ent6ii a*#%a ;*tat#l#i 2a a2t!
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
22/117
Te!eti2ienii ne!li+eali *#nt t!t# i %!n$ *#*%i2i! i -n 2eea 2e %i(e te $e4!2a ia' G#(enaea $#%6 e0#la 4a>!it6 ii e*te (6#t6 2a ! %!ten ial6 a4enin ae $e%t#ile in$i(i$#ale i li+et6 ile 2!n*tit# i!nale' De4!2a ia e*te (6#t6 2a #n l#., %!*i+il6 $!a *#+ a&l#en 6 elati(6, -4%e#n6 2# ! %een a %#teni26 a 2la*ei 4i>l!2ii %ent# 0aantaea *ta+ilit6 ii %!liti2e' A*t&el, ne!li+ealii tin$ -n*%e 0#(enaea e.%e il! i a elitei' E.i*t6 !
%e&ein 6 %#teni26 -n 2eea 2e %i(e te 0#(enaea %in !$ine e.e2#ti(6 i %in $e2iie
>#$i2ia6, 4ai $e0a+6 $e2Jt %ent# l#aea $e2iiil! $e4!2ati2e i %ala4entae' Ne!li+ealii %e&e6 *6 i!lee in*tit# ii 23eie, $e e.' Ban2a Cental6, $e %e*i#ni $e4!2ati2e' Dat &iin$ &a%t#l 26 te!ia ne!li+eal6 *e a.ea6 %e $!4ina ia $e%t#l#i i ! inte%etae *ti2t6 a 2!n*tit# i!nalit6 ii, -n 4!$ e(i$ent e#lt6 26 !%!i iile i 2!n&li2tele te+#ie 4e$iate -n in*tan 6' S!l# ii i e4e$ii la !i2e %!+le4e te+#ie e!l(ate $e in$i(ii %in inte4e$i#l#i *i*te4#l#i le0al'29
F66 -n$!ial6, a+!$6ile *t#2t#ale, %in 2!n2entaea a*#%a %!i iei UE -n intei!#l *t#2t#il! %!liti2e i e2!n!4i2e 0l!+ale, 2!nti+#ie -n 4!$ i4%!tant la -n ele0eea
%!+le4ei n!a*te' T!t# i a2ea*t6 a+!$ae n# $6 -n$ea>#n* $e 4#lte e.%li2a ii -n a $i&een ia *tatele *i*te4#l#i i #nitatea UE'
Pent# *2!%#l n!*t#, a4 06*it &!l!*it!ae n! i#nea l#i !3n R#00ie, a*%a UE, 2a &iin$
;! !0ania ie *tatal6 4#lti%e*%e2ti(al6
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
23/117
Capitolul 2& Caracteristici i particularit6 i ale UE ca actor global
2&)& Conturarea personalit6 ii uridice a UE
2&)&)& Ce spun tratatele
C#(intele ;Uni#ne E#!%ean6< *a# +#2#at $e %!%#laitate la 4i>l!2#l anil! 18,2Jn$ %i44ini*t#l +el0ian, Le! Tin$e4an*, a a(#t *a2ina $e a &a2e #n a%!t $e*%e a2e*t2!n2e%t' n a2e*t a%!t, 2!n2e%t#l $e UE a &!*t $e*2i*6 2a &iin$ ;! n!#6 &a6 -n i*t!ia#ni&i26ii E#!%ei< 2ae (a &i atin*6 %ent! ;*23i4+ae 2alitati(6< e#ltat6 -n #4ain*tit# iil! %#teni2e 2ae #ne*2 (aii %!+le4e 2!4#nitae i $e 2!!%eae
inte0#(ena4ental6' 31
Da, $in 4!ti(e ne2#n!*2#te, 2!n2e%t#l a &!*t int!$#* -n !$inea>#i$i26 e#!%ean6, a+ia -n an#l 5779 !$at6 2# tatat#l $e la Maa*ti23t'
TUE32 -nta$e(6 *ta+ile te ! Uni#ne E#!%ean6 2a &iin$ ;! n!#6 &a6 a 2e6ii ! #ni#ne t!t 4ai a%!%iat6 -nte %!%!aele E#!%ei< at'5 $in TUEH i ! $e&ine te 2a #n#l $in !+ie2ti(ele *ale ;$e ai a&i4a i$entitatea %e *2ena intena i!nal6, -n *%e2ial, %in i4%le4entaea #nei %!liti2i e.tene i $e *e2#itate 2!4#n6< at'9 TUEH'
B#n#l *i4 ne *#0eea6 26 %ent# a i a*#4a i$entitatea %e *2ena intena i!nal6, te+#ie -n %i4#l Jn$ *6 &ie e2#n!*2#t6 2a #n *#+ie2t $e $e%t intena i!nal, ia %ent# a i4%le4enta ! %!liti26 e.ten6 i $e *e2#itate 2!4#n6, -n 4!$ e(i$ent, te+#ie *6 %!at6 a2 i!na, 2!nta2ta i 2!nta2ta al i a2t!i intena i!nali' O a*t&el $e (ii#ne n# a %e(alat la Maa*ti23t' Unii a# 2!n*i$eat 26 a2!$aea %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e Uni#nii, a 2!4%!4ite
*#(eanitatea na i!nal6 -n a&a2eile e.tene' Al ii ea# $e %6ee 26 a %#tea a(ea e&e2t a*#%a %e*!nalit6 ii C!4#nit6 ii' 4%e#n6 a# 26#t $e a2!$, $#%6 %# ine $e+atei, 26 Uni#nea n# a a(ea %e*!nalitate >#i$i26, ia a2ea*t6 %!i ie, 23ia $a26 2!nta$i2t!ie, n# a 4ai &!*t $i*%#tat6'33
31;E#!%ean Uni!n< al l#i Le! Tin$e4an*, Pi4#l 4ini*t# al Bel0iei, 26te C!n*ili#l E#!%ean' *ulletin o0 theEuropean Counities, *#%li4ent5W1=32
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
24/117
n #4a ne0!2ieil! 2ae a# 2!n$#* la tatat#l $e la A4*te$a4, 2!nta$i2 iile ineente e#ltate -n #4a %!i iei a$!%tate la Maa*ti23t a# &!*t e(i$ent e2#n!*2#te' Ra%!t#l ;Re&le2ti!n G!#%< 2ae %e06tea 2!n&ein a inte0#(ena4ental6, $e2la6 ;&a%t#l 26 Uni#nea n# e.i*t6 e*te ! *#*6 $e 2!nie i ii $i4in#Jn$#i< !l#l e.ten' PE i %e e$in iile Ilan$ei i Dane4a2ei *#0eea6 26 Uni#nea a te+#i *6 ai+6 %e*!nalitate >#i$i26, $e %e&eat
a+*!+in$ %e*!nalit6 ile >#i$i2e ale 2el! tei 2!4#nit6 i e.i*tente' 34A2e*te %!%#nei a# &!*t
4a>!ita *#%!tate, -n*6 26#t -n &a a $ete4inatel! !%!i ii +itani26 i &an2e6' T!t# i, a2ela i tatat a a$Jn2it %aa$!.#l %in a2!$aea #nei &!4e $e -4%#teni2ie %ent# a -n23eia tatate' A int!$#* 2eea 2e a2#4 *#nt at' 9 i 9 ale TUE 2ae %e4it *6 &ie &62#te aan>a4ente -n 2J4%#l %!liti2i e.tene i $e *e2#itate 2!4#n6 titl#l VH i -n 2J4%#l 2!!%e6ii >#$i2iae i %!li iene ti titl#l VIH' A2ele aan>a4ente *#nt ne0!2iate $e 26te Pe e$in ie i a%!+ate $e C!n*ili#' C!n*ili#l e*te ! in*tit# ie a Uni#nii, n# ! 2!n&ein 6 inte0#(ena4ental6 i a*t&el, Uni#nea n# e*te ! 2!n0l!4eae $e *tate 4e4+e, 2ae *#nt le0ate $e a2ele a2!$#i' C3ia $a26 at' 9 al TUE %e(e$e %!*i+ilitatea 2a #n *tat 4e4+# *62ea6 ! %!2e$#6 $e ati&i2ae na i!nal6, -n 2a#i e.2e% i!nale, i 23ia $a26 De2laa ia ane.at6 tatat#l#i, *%e2i&i26 n# -n 4!$ nea%6atH 26 a2ela i ati2!l n# i4%li26 tan*&e#l $e 2!4%eten 6, ealitatea e*te 26 *tatele 4e4+e, -n %eala+il eJn$ *6 e2#n!a*26
%e*!nalitatea >#i$i26 a Uni#nii, -i $6$ea# ! &!46 $e -4%#teni2ie $e a -n23eia tatate, 2eea2e 2!n*tit#ie #n#l $in 2aa2tei*ti2ile %in2i%ale ale %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e intena i!nale'
Tatat#l $e la Ni*a, %e 2ae #nii la# *#%an#4it ;2#l4ea 2!niei!itate 2ali&i2at6' Paa0al = *%e2i&i26 e(i$ent#l, %in &a%t#l 26 4en i!nea6 26 a2!$#ile 2!n2l#*e lea06 in*tit# ii ale Uni#nii' A4+ele %aa0a&e n# %!t &i e.%li2ate &66 a i4%li2a e.i*ten a #nei entit6 i
>#i$i2e 2ae ae 2a%a+ilitatea $e a 2!n2l#$e a2!$#i 2ae 2!n*!li$ea6 in*tit# iile i -n #nele 2a#i, 23ia i *tatele 2ae a# (!tat -4%!ti(a ei'
O a*t&el $e *it#a ie *a i(it 2Jn$ C!n(en ia E#!%ean6 *a -nt#nit la B#.elle* -n %i46(aa l#i 9889' Una $in %i4ele *ale $e2iii ea $e a 2ea #n 0#% $e 2e2etae %e%e*!nalitatea le0al6, 2!n$#* $e Gi#lian! A4at!36, 2ae a e4i* a%!t#l &inal37la $ata $e 5!2t!4+ie' C!n2l#ia *a %in2i%al6 ea 26 ; e.i*ta #n &!ate la0 2!n*en* 2# #n 4e4+#-4%!ti(6H 2# %i(ie la &a%t#l 26 Uni#nea a te+#i *6 ai+6 %e (iit! %!%ia %e*!nalitate
>#i$i26 e.%li2it6' A te+#i *6 &ie ! #ni26 %e*!nalitate >#i$i26 i a te+#i *6 -nl!2#ia*26 %e*!nalit6 ile e.i*tente'#i$i2e e.%li2ite Uni#nii, n# i4%li26, per se, ni2i #n &el $e a4en$a4ent, ni2ial!26ii 2#ente ale 2!4%eten el! $inte Uni#ne i *tatele 4e4+e, ni2i al!26ii 2!4%eten el! $inte Uni#nea $e a2#4 i C!4#nitate'
34De+ateea -ntea06, (ei Ne#a3l, N',A partner with a troubled personalit',e$, A&a2eile E.tene E#!%ene
35Milt!n, G' i elleN!ellet, The European Constitution, 988/, L!n$a, E$it#a !3n )a%e P#+li*3in0, %'99'36Vi2e%e e$intele C!n(en iei E#!%ene 37D!2#4ent al C!n(en iei 8/W89 $in 5 !2t!4+ie 9889
24
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
25/117
A2e*t a%!t i4%!tant a a(#t 2!n*e2in e -n$el#n0ate, in2l#Jn$ #nele a*#%a *t#2t#ii %il!nil! tatatel! i %in #4ae, a*#%a *t#2t#ii 0eneale a*#%a Tatat#l#i C!n*tit# i!nal' C!n2l#iile *ale a# &!*t ati&i2ate $e 26te C!n(en ie i tan*%#*e -n at'= al %!ie2t#l#i $e tatat tan*4it C!n*ili#l#i E#!%ean -n i#lie 988: ;Uni#nea (a a(ea %e*!nalitate >#i$i26#i$i26 intena i!nal6 e*te %in a in2l#$e ! 4en i!nae *%e2i&i26 a a2el#i e&e2t -n
2ata *a 2!n*tit# i!nal6' A2e*t l#2# a &!*t &62#t -n anii %ent# 2ele tei tatate 2ae *ta+ile*2 C!4#nit6 ile E#!%ene' 40 D#%6 2#4 a4 (6#t 4ai *#*, tatat#l $e la Ma**ti23t i e*t#l tatatel! 2ae a# #4at *a# a+ in#t, #46ea# a2ela"i *2!%#i %ent# UE'
C# t!ate a2e*tea a &!*t $e 4#lt a22e%tat -n $e%t#l intena i!nal %#+li2 &a%t#l 26 %e*!nalitatea >#i$i26 %!ate &i i4%li2it 2!n&eit6 #nei !0ania ii intena i!nale' Baele ta$i i!nale ale a2e*t#i &a%t 2!n*t6 -nt#n a(i 2!n*#ltati( 2# %i(ie la Na i#nile Unite, e4i* a2#4 4ai 4#lt $e /8 $e ani $e 26te C#tea Intena i!nal6 $e #*ti ie CIH' 41D#%6 analia2atei NU i tatatel! #ltei!ae %a2ti2a, !+li0a iile i $at!iile !0ania iei 2#tea a 2!n2l#* 2a *tatele 4e4+e ale NU ;%in -n0l!+aea -n ea a an#4it! n2 ii, !+li0a iile i e*%!n*a+ilit6 ile 2# 2ae %ati2i%6, a# -ne*tat! 2# 2!4%eten a ne2e*a6 $e a %e4ite a2el! n2 ii *6 &ie e.e2itate -n 4!$ e&e2ti(#ie* S#&&ee$ in t3e Se(i2e !& t3e Unite$ Nati!n*
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
26/117
E.i*t6 %# ine -n$!ieli 26, -n ati+#iea $e *a2inii Uni#nii %ent# ;a i a&i4a i$entitatea %e *2ena intena i!nal6 %in i4%le4entaea #nei %!liti2i e.tene i $e *e2#itate 2!4#ne#i$i26intena i!nal6' Ce i$entitate %#tea *6 a&i4e $a26 n# a(ea %e*!nalitate? n 4!$ *i4ila, 2Jn$ C!n*ili#l#i Uni#nii -i e*te %e4i* *6 2!n2l#$6 a2!$#i -n $!4eni#l %!liti2ii e.tene i $e *e2#itate 2!4#n6 titl#l VH i -n $!4eni#l 2!!%e6ii %!li iene ti i >#$i2iae titl#l VIH,
*e4nataii tatat#l#i $e la A4*te$a4 a# 2!n&i4at 26 Uni#nea ae ! an#4it6 &!46 $e %#tee%ent# a ela+!a tatate, ! n2 ie 2ae i4%li26 %e*!nalitate le0al6' Pi4a 2!n$i ie %#*6 $e C#te *2!%#i i n2 iiH %ae a*t&el *6 &ie *ati*&62#t6 -n 4!$ 2la -n 2a#l Uni#nii'
P!i ia a$!%tat6 $e C#te -n 577 n# a &!*t $i*%#tat6' B!nlie 42 analiea6 a2ea*t6!%inie, $e*2iin$ tei 2iteii 2ae $ete4in6 e.i*ten a %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e intena i!nale:
O a*!2ia ie %e4anent6 2# *tatele e23i%ate 2# !0ane: Uni#nea &iin$ #n#l, &66 $i*2# ie
O $i*tin2 ie -n te4eni >#i$i2i ai %#teil! i *2!%#il! -nte !0ania ie i *tatele *ale 2!n*tit#ti(e: a*#4aea i$entit6 ii Uni#nii %e *2ena intena i!nal6 e*te #n *2!% 2ae e*te 2la $i*tin2t $e 2el al *tatel! 4e4+e
E.i*ten a %#teil! >#i$i2e e.e2ita+ile -n %lan intena i!nal: at'9 i @ ale TEU 2ae a*i0#6 a*t&el $e %#tei'
n 4!$ *i4ila, Daille i Pellet in$i26 &a%t#l 26 ! !0ania ie ae %e*!nalitate >#i$i26 intena i!nal6 $e -n$at6 2e e*te -n*62inat6 2# 2Jte(a ;4i*i#ni 2ae i4%li26 ! 2a%a2itate a#t!n!46 $e a2 i#ne -n ela iile intena i!nale#i$i2e intena i!nale n# ae ni2i ! le06t#6, %!iti(6
*a# ne0ati(6, 2# 2aa2te#l inte0#(ena4ental *a# *#%ana i!nal al !0ania iei a(#t6 -n (e$ee' M#lte !0ania ii inte0#(ena4entale ale &a4iliei NU UNESCO, FAO, et2'H a#
%e*!nalitate >#i$i26 intena i!nal6, %e2#4 i Ban2a M!n$ial6 i FMI' Uni#nea P! tal6 Uni(e*al6 ! ae $e a*e4enea, #ni#ne 2e a &!*t &!n$at6 -n 5@1, %ei!a$6 -n 2ae 2!n2e%t#l i 2#(Jnt#l ;*#%ana i!nal< a &i &!*t &66 *en*' 45
42V!0le, ', Bet3et!n, C' The European Union as Global Actor,988=, E$i ia a 9a, E$it#a R!tle$0e , %'/='43I+i$e4, %'/1'44De2laa ian' ane.at6 la A2t#l Final al Tatat#l#i $e la A4*te$a4, 2ae *%e2i&i26: ;Di*%!i iile ati2!lel!
'5 i '58 a*#%a TUE i !i2e a2!$ e#ltat $in a2e*tea, n# (a i4%li2a ni2i #n tan*&e $e 2!4%eten a $e la *tatele 4e4+e la UE< #ltei! at'9 i @ ale TUEH45A2e*t l#2# a &!*t e2#n!*2#t $e E(al#6ile C# ii A$4ini*tatile ale OIM' Vei $e e.' Ca9ul a'edn' i /H E(al#aea N' 5885 a 2# ii a$4ini*tati(e a OIM, $i*%!ni+il %e http:;;www
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
27/117
2&)&.& !ersonalitatea uridic6 a UE 3n practic6
S2!%#l, i i4%!tan a %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e, *#nt $e a -n06$#i #nei entit6 i $e a 2!4#ni2a i !%ea 2# al i a2t!i intena i!nali -n 4!$ e0al' A2ti(itatea %a2ti26 e*te a*t&el i4%!tant6' E*te $i&i2il, i $e alt&el a+*#$, a ne0a %e*!nalitatea >#i$i26 a #nei entit6 i 2ae e*te e2#n!*2#t6 $e alte entit6 i' A2ti(itatea %a2ti26 e*te $e&init6 $e $!#6 2aa2tei*ti2i:
2a%a+ilitatea $e a -n23eia a2!$#i 2# al i a2t!i intena i!nali i $e a 4en ine ela ii +ilateale 2# a2ei a2t!i intena i!nali $e%t#l $e le0a ie a2ti(6 i %a*i(6H' A2e*te $!#6 2iteii %!t &i l#ate -n 2!n*i$eae %ent# a a*#4a ni(el#l e2#n!a teii intena i!nale a %e*!nalit6 ii le0ale a UE'
2.1.3.1. Puerea de a !nc"eia raae
Mana0e4ent#l 2iei $in Bal2ani i $in alte %6 i, a &!*t #n $!4eni# %i(ile0iat $e a2ti(itate %ent# %#teea ati+#it6 Uni#nii $e a -n23eia tatate, -n at'9 $in TUE' A2e*tea2!$#i ai &!*t -n23eiate &ie 2# 6i %e2#4: B!*nia )e e0!(ina, Ma2e$!nia, In$!neia, *a# Re%#+li2a De4!2at6 C!n0! #n$e a2 i!na Uni#nea &ie 2# 6i ale l#4ii a teia, %e2#4:
El(e ia, Cile, Ma!2, *a# N!#a Zeelan$6, %ati2i%Jn$ la !%ea ii $e 4en inee a %62ii, 2!n$#*e $e Uni#ne' Mai 4#lt $e =8 $e a*t&el $e a2!$#i a# &!*t -n23eiate'
P#te4 l#a 2a e.e4%l# a2!$#l -n23eiat la %e !2t!4+ie 9889 2# %i(ie la a2ti(it6 ile Dele0a iei P!li iei Uni#nii E#!%ene -n B!*nia )e e0!(ina' 46Tatat#l a &!*t *e4nat la 98*e%te4+ie 9889 %in $e2iia C!n*ili#l#i -n +aa at' 9 al TUE' P6 ile ea# UE i B!*nia )e e0!(ina ;$e a2#4 -nainte, -4%e#n6, &62Jn$#*e e&eie la a2e*tea %in P6 ile Pati2i%antee(!, $e alt&el, a2e*t l#2# &iin$ $e2i* $e el Dele0a iei' Date &iin$ a2e*te &a%te, %ae 0e# $e ne0at 26 B!*nia )e e0!(ina e2#n!*2 UE 2a %e #n a2t! 2# %e*!nalitate >#i$i26'
P#te4 %i(i $e a*e4enea a*#%a a2!$#l#i -n23eiat la 9/ i#lie 988/ a*#%a %ati2i%6iiRe%#+li2ii C3ile -n !%ea i#nea 4ilita6 a UE $e 4ana0e4ent al 2iei $in B!*nia )e e0!(ina' 47A2!$#l -n23eiat -nte UE i Re%#+li2a Cile 2!n2l#$e ;$e ai2i -nainte &62Jn$#*e e&eie la a2e*tea 2a P6 ia4ent te3ni2 *a# a$4ini*tati( ne2e*a (a &i -n23eiat -nte
Se2etaiat#l Geneal al C!n*ili#l#i UE i a#t!it6 ile *%e2i&i2e ale Re%#+li2ii C3ile' Di*%#te %e te4a inte%et6ii *a# a%li26ii a2!$#l#i ;-nte P6 i (! &i *ta+ilite %in 4i>l!a2e $i%l!4ati2e
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
28/117
n a2!$#l -n23eiat la 5 *e%te4+ie 988/ 2# Re%#+li2a De4!2at6 C!n0!, a*#%a*tat#t#l#i i a2ti(it6 il! 4i*i#nii %!li iene ti a UE 49EUPOL in*3a*aH 06*i4 2la#e *i4ilae2# %i(ie la i4#nitatea $i%l!4ati26, *tat#t#l $i%l!4ati2 al a0en il!, a&i aea *tea0#l#i UE %e
+i!#l 2ental i e!l(aea $i*%#tel! -nte %a i %in 4i>l!a2e $i%l!4ati2e' M#lte a*t&el $e e.e4%le *e e06*e*2 -n #nal#l O&i2ial al UE'Realitatea e*te 26 a2ti(itatea %a2ti26 a UE &!l!*e te $in %lin %#teea $e a -n23eia
tatate a2!$at6 $e at' 9 al TUE i t!t!$at6, t!t &el#l $e 6i $in -ntea0a l#4e ii a22e%t6 2a%a+ilitatea $e a -n23eia a*t&el $e tatate' A2e*ta e*te i 2a#l !0ania iil! intena i!nale %e2#4 C#tea Penal6 Intena i!nal6 50, NATO51*a# 6ile ACP, 2ae a# -n23eiat $e a*e4enea tatate 2# UE'
Tatate a# &!*t -n23eiate i -n +aa ati2!l#l#i @ al TUE, $e e.' 2# I*lan$a i N!(e0ia a*#%a a%li26ii an#4it! $i*%!i ii ale C!n(en iei $in 97 4ai 9888 %e %!+le4a a*i*ten ei e2i%!2e -n %!+le4e $e 2i4inalitate52 -n 2a$#l 26#ia, at' 9'5 *%e2i&i26: ;P6 ile C!nta2tante *e (! e&ei la UE i la SUA#i$i26 %eent6 -n tatate, $e e.' %!*i+ilitatea !&eit6 $e at' 9 al TUE %ent# 2a *tatele 4e4+e *6 %!at6 2ee %!2e$#i
na i!nale $e ati&i2ae, a# a#n2at #4e $e -n$!ial6 a*#%a -nte0ii 2a%a+ilit6 i a Uni#nii, 2eea 2e a 2!n$#* la 2eei %ent# i4%li2ae 4ai $ie2t6 a *tatel! 4e4+e'
2.1.3.2. #repul de dele$a ie
C!4#nitatea E#!%ean6 a -nte in#t, %ent# ! l#n06 %ei!a$6, ! e ea $e %e*!nal an0a>at -n *#+!$inea C!4i*iei' A2e tia *e +#2#6 $e *tat#t $i%l!4ati2, i -n 4!$ n!4al, *#nt 2!n$# i $e #n !&i2ial 2# an0#l i titl#l $e a4+a*a$!' S#nt 4ai 4#l i $e ! *#t6 $e a*t&el $e !a4eni a2!%ein$ ! 4ae %ate a 4a%a4!n$#l#i' C!n*ili#l ae $!#6 a*t&el $e e ele, a2e$itate $e NU, -n Ne ! i Gene(a' n 4!$ i$enti2, #na $in 2!%#ile $i%l!4ati2e 2ele 4ai 4ai $in l#4e, e*te a2e$itat6 in*tit# iil! e#!%ene $in B#.elle*, i e%eint6 t!ate 6ile, $in An$!a, %Jn6 -n C3ina'
n a2ti(itatea %a2ti26, a2ea*t6 e ea $i%l!4ati26 a2ti(6 i %a*i(6, *e(e te atJt %!+le4el! C!4#nit6 ii, 2at i a2ti(it6 il! UE, $e e.' PESC' Qe+*ite#l C!4i*iei aat6 26 $ele0a iile >!a26 #n !l $in 2e -n 2e 4ai i4%!tant -n +#na !0aniae a PESC, a2!$Jn$ *#%!t#l i a*i*ten a alt! in*tit# ii i a2t!i ai UE, in2l#*i( -nalt e%eentant#l PESC, 2ae *e
+aea6 %e *#%!t#l l! l!0i*ti2 2Jn$ a2e*ta e*te -n $ele0a ie, t!ate a%!atele l! %!liti2e &iin$ %eentate l#i'53
;Mi>l!a2ele $i%l!4ati2e< a4 (6#t 26 4#lte a2!$#i -n23eiate $e Uni#ne, *e e&e6la a%lanaea $i*%#tel! *#nt la ! *2a6 4ai 4ae, 06*ite -n a2ea e ea n# -n 4!$ e.2l#*i( -n*6, $e!ae2e *a $e(!ltat ! e ea %aalel6 $e ;e%eentan i *%e2iali
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
29/117
Tatat#l $e la A4*te$a4 a 2eat titl#l !n!i&i2 $e nalt Re%eentant %ent# PESC,a2e*ta &iin$ i Se2eta Geneal al C!n*ili#l#i' Pi4#l nalt Re%eentant, a(ie S!lana, a $e(!ltat #n %!&il %!liti2 -nalt i a 2eat #n in*t#4ent $i%l!4ati2 i4%!tant' A %ati2i%at
%e*!nal, -n 4!$ a2ti(, la #n 4ae n#46 $e a2ti(it6 i $i%l!4ati2e, -n2e2Jn$ *6 e!l(e *it#a ii $e 2i6 %el#Jn$ 2#(Jnt#l -n C!n*ili#l $e Se2#itate al NU, e%eentJn$ Uni#nea -n \#atet 2ae -n2e2a *6 e!l(e 2!n&li2t#l iaelianaa+' Un#l $in in*t#4entele 2ae -i *#nt la
$i*%!i ie, e*te n#4iea ;e%eenta il! *%e2iali< ai Uni#nii %e e0i#ni *%e2i&i2e, 2el 4ai &e2(ent -n 2a#i $e 2i6: Oient#l Mi>l!2i#, Maile La2#i, Ma2e$!nia, !*!(!, M!l$!(a,A&0ani*tan, Ca#2a#l $e S#$, et2' n %a2ti26, e%eenta ii *e &!l!*e*2 $e e elele l!2ale ale CE, i $in t!ate %#n2tele $e (e$ee, ela iile *#nt %!li&i2e, 23ia i 2Jn$ a%ae ten*i#nea la B#.elle* $inte *e(i2iile C!4i*iei i ale C!n*ili#l#i' 54 n 4#lte $in 2a#i, ;e%eentan ii *%e2iali< a# a(#t ! 4ae in&l#en 6, i a# &!*t &!ate e*%e2ta i, $a n# aa(ea# *tat#t $i%l!4ati2
stricto senso, -n 4!$ a#t!4at' A#t!it6 ile l!2ale *#nt 2#n!*2#te %in &a%t#l 26 *#+linia# a2ea*t6 %ati2#laitate %in ai %i(a $e ;tata4ente *%e2ialea i ai CE, a2e tia 2!n*tit#ie, -n 4!$ %a04ati2, #n *e(i2i# al Uni#ni, X#a*i$i%l!4ati2'
2&)&& Are UE personalitate uridic6 sau nu
E.i*t6 -n$!ieli 2# %i(ie la &a%t#l $a26 UE a $!+Jn$it ! %e*!nalitate >#i$i26intena i!nal6' UE -n$e%line te 2!n$i iile i4%#*e $e $e%t#l intena i!nal, 4ai e.a2t $e CI,
%ent# e2#n!a teea a2e*t#i *tat#t' Pin a2ti(itatea %a2ti26 intena i!nal6, ia 2!n&i4at!: #n n#46 4ae $e *tate a# a>#n* la a -n&iin a, e2ent, 0#(ene intena i!nale -4%e#n6 2# Uni#nea, a22e%tJn$#le e%eentan i' n 577=, G#%#l $e Ce2etae Re&le2ti!n G!#%H 2ae
%e06tea ne0!2ieile $e la A4*te$a4 a *%#* 26 Uni#nea ;n# a e.i*tat< %e *2enaintena i!nal6' A2ea a&i4a ie ne 4ai &iin$ (ala+il6 -n %eent'
C# t!ate a2e*tea, a4+i0#it6 ile te.tel! tatatel!, 2!4+inate 2# &a%t#l 26 *tatele 4e4+e n# a# %#t#t, -nainte $e Tatat#l C!n*tit# i!nal, *6 2a$6 $e a2!$ a*#%a e2#n!a teii !&i2iale a a2elei %e*!nalit6 i, %!ate 2!n*tit#i #n ele4ent %!ten ial $e in2etit#$ine >#i$i26' A2e*t &a%t, %!ate 2!n$#2e #ne!i, la -n$!ieli 2# %i(ie la 2a%a+ilitatea Uni#nii $e a i #ni *tatele 4e4+e, %e2#4 a &!*t -n 2a#l #n! ne0!2iei %e %!+le4e $e %!li ie i >#*ti ie' P!ate &i &!l!*it, $e a*e4enea, $e 26te %ateneii $e ne0!2iei %ent# a 2J ti0a #n a(anta> ta2ti2 %in a
%#ne la -n$!ial6 *tat#t#l >#i$i2 al Uni#nii'55 A4+ele 2a#i *#nt -n $eti4ent#l intee*#l#in!*t#'
G#%#l $e 2e2etae, %ei$at $e Gi#lian! A4at! %e ti4%#l C!n(en iei, a %!%#*, $e $e%ate 2ea 4ai +#n6 *!l# ie, i an#4e e2#n!a teea !&i2ial6 a %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e intena i!nale a Uni#nii i a+*!+ ia $e 26te Uni#ne a %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e a CE' A2e*t l#2#
e*te tan*%#* -n at' Ii i IV@ a Tatat#l#i C!n*tit# i!nal' E*te &!ate 4#lt a *%ea 26 a2ele 2la#e (! *#%a(ie #i !i26ei *!l# ii in*tit# i!nale, ela+!at6 %ent# a e!l(a i4%a*#l 2!n*tit# i!nal %eent'
Da26 a22e%t64, $#%6 2#4 te+#ie *6 0Jn$i4 2# t! ii, 26 UE ae a*t6i, ! %e*!nalitate >#i$i26 i4%li2it6 2Jn$ a2 i!nea6 -n $!4eni#l 2!4%eten ei *ale, e2#n!a teea !&i2ial6 a a2e*t#i &a%t n# a te+#i *6 &ie i4%!*i+il $e atin*' N# a4 2ea ! n!#6 *it#a ie >#i$i26, 2i $!a a4 e2#n!a te #na e.i*tent6'
54n Ma2e$!nia, e%eentant#l *%e2ial e*te, *i4#ltan, *e& al $ele0a iei CE'55P#nJn$ la -n$!ial6 *tat#t#l >#i$i2 al intel!2#t!#l#i 2# *2!%#l $e a 2J ti0a a(anta> ta2ti2, i %e 2Jt %!*i+il, i a e.ta0e 2!n2e*ii, e*te #n 2la*i2 t#2 $i%l!4ati2, %e $e%lin *t6%Jnit $e Tallean$, n!ta+il -n ne0!2ieile *ale 2#;4ai 4i2a< %in e*6 a Ge4aniei' Mai e2ent, Uni#nea S!(ieti26 a &!l!*it a2e*t l#2#, *a# 2el %# in a -n2e2at, ti4% $e 4#l i ani -n ela iile *ale 2# e4e0enta C!4#nitate E#!%ean6'
29
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
30/117
A %#tea %6ea #t!%i2 a *#0ea #n a*e4enea 2#*, $at6 &iin$ !%!i ia te2#t6 a #nel! 6i, -n *%e2ial a Maii Bitanii, -n 2eea 2e %i(e"te %e*!nalit6 ii >#i$i2e ale Uni#nii E#!%ene'
n*6, #lti4a $e+atee !&i2ial6 %e a2ea*t6 %!+le46, a a(#t l!2 la C!n(en ia $in 9889, 4#lte l#2#i *23i4+Jn$#*e $e at#n2i' D#%6 2#4 a4 4en i!nat, -n #lti4ii ani, a*#%a Uni#nii *a in*tit#it #n 4ae n#46 $e a2!$#i intena i!nale ti4i Jn$ n#4e! i e%eentan i -n t!at6 l#4ea' E*te $e ne2!n2e%#t -n a ne0a &a%t#l 26 Uni#nea a $e(enit $e &a%t #n a2t!
intena i!nal' Pa04ati*4#l i4%#nJn$ e2#n!a teea a2e*t#i &a%t' In$#2eile -n e!ae a %#tea &i %ea +ine $i4in#ate $a26 tei %#n2te, 4en i!nate 4ai *#*, a &i 4ai 2lae:
Pe*!nalitatea >#i$i26 intena i!nal6 n# e*te %i4#l %a* -n*%e a%ai ia #n#i *#%e*tat: NU a a(#t a2e*t *tat#t $e %e*te >#46tate $e *e2!l i ni4eni, *6n6t!* 4intal, a *#0eat &a%t#l 26 a2e*tea $e(enea# #n *#%e*tat
Pe*!nalitatea >#i$i26 intena i!nal6 n# ae ni2i ! in&l#en 6 a*#%a 2!4%eten ei !0ania iei 2ae ! a2!$6: 2!4%eten a #nei !0ania ii e#lt6 $in $!2#4entele *ale 2!n*tit#ente, in$i&eent $e e.i*ten ei, *a# alt&el *%#*, a %e*!nalit6 ii
>#i$i2e Pe*!nalitatea >#i$i26 intena i!nal6 n# ae ni2i ! ela i!nae 2# 2aa2te#l
inte0#(ena4ental *a# *#%ana i!nal al !0ania iei 2ae ! a2!$6: #nele !0ania ii inte0#(ena4entale ! a#, altele n#'
P!ate &i %#teni2 $i*%#tat &a%t#l 26 #n te.t $e tatat 2ae e2#n!a te %e*!nalitatea >#i$i26 i *i4#ltan, 2!n&i46 2Jte(a $in a2e*te %#n2te $e (e$ee, a $a i 4ai 4#lte 0aan ii 2el! 2ae *e te4 $e 2!n*e2in ele a2e*t#i %a*, $e2Jt %in a $a 2#* *i4%l# (iit!#l#i *23i4+at $e $e(!lt6i i4%li2ite i in&!4ale'
A+*en a #nei 2la#e $e tatat, $e*i0#, n# a $i4in#a -n ni2i #n 2a %e*!nalitatea >#i$i26 i4%li2it6 a Uni#nii, a2#4 e2#n!*2#t6 -n -ntea0a l#4e i $i*%#tat6 $!a $e ! 4i26 4in!itate a *tatel! 4e4+e' Sit#a ia (a e(!l#a, a*t&el 26 -n #lti4ii ani, a# a%6#t $!(ei -n
%l#*, *#+ &!4a n!il! tatate -n23eiate 2# 4ai 4#l i %atenei' n*6, *it#a ia (a &i 4#lt 4ai
%# in *ati*&626t!ae, e.2e%tJn$ *it#a ia -n 2ae a2e*t *tat#t a e#lta $in tatat#l 2!n*tit# i!nal' D#%6 2#4 a in$i2at 0#%#l 2e2etae al C!n(en iei, ;n# a nia $e*t#l $e 4#lte 2lai&i26i, i *i4%li&i2aea ne2e*a6 -n ela iile e.tene ale Uni#nii
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
31/117
Peen a, 2!n2e%t#aliea6 a+ilitatea UE, %in (it#tea e.i*ten ei *ale, *6 e.e2ite in&l#en 6 $in2!l! $e 0ani e' O in$i2ae a %#teii *t#2t#ale, %een a 2!4+in6 %e2e% ii $e*%e nat#a n$a4ental6, *a# i$entitate, a UE i 2!n*e2in e a$e*ea neinten i!nateH ale
%i!it6 il! i %!liti2il! intene ale Uni#nii' A*t&el, %een 6 n# $en!t6 a2 i#ne e.ten6 inten i!nat6, 4ai $e0a+6, e*te a+ilitatea $e a 4!$ela %e2e% iile, a te%t6ile i 2!4%!ta4entele 2el!lal i' Ai2i, *#22e*#l ae ! 4ae i4%!tan 6' Pe2e% ii $e*%e Uni#ne 2a
&iin$ ! 2!4#nitate $e *e2#itate i %!*%eitate, &a2 (al!ile %e 2ae le %etin$e, &!ate ata2ti(e' n 4!$ *i4ila, %e2e% ii $e e&i2a2itate, *2!% i #nitate $e2i *tat#t#l $e a2t! $e a*e4enea *%!e*2 %een a' A2e*t &a%t, e*te -n *%e2ial a$e(6at -n !ne elati( n!i ale
%!liti2il! *ale , $e e.' PESA, #n$e a te%t6ile %6 il! te e a# &!*t -n ele06t! $e >!a*e i, #n$e $!(ei 2!n*i$ea+ile ale *#22e*#l#i a &i ne2e*ae %ent# a *23i4+a %e2e% iile e.tene $e*%e Uni#ne 2a &iin$, -n e*en 6, ! %#tee 2i(il6' De intee* ai2i, e*te ! inte(en ie e2ent6 a a4+a*a$!#l#i Statel! Unite la NATO, -n$e4nJn$ la ! 4ai 4ae 2!!%eae -nte NATO i PESA, -n +aa &a%t#l#i 26 ; -n 4!4ent#l $e &a 6, 2# 9/ 4i*i#ni %e tei 2!ntinente, UE ia $!(e$it a+ilitatea $e a li(a #n -nte0 2ae e*te 4ai 4ae $e2Jt *#4a %6 il! *ale#n0Jn$ %Jn6 la 8 $e EURWt!n6'
31
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
32/117
Sta+iliaea, 2# *#22e*, a 4!ne$ei #ni2e e#!H a e%eentat #n i4%!tant 2J ti0 %ent# %een a 0l!+al6 a Uni#nii' G#(enele 2ae $!ea# *6 2!nta2aee in&l#en a Statel! Unite %e2#4 2el al l#i Sa$$a4 )#**ein $in IaH a# te2#t la $en!4inaea e.%!t#il! %!%ii $ei ei, -n e#! $e2Jt -n $!lai i Ban2a Cental6 a -n2e%#t *6 a2!%ee %ei2eile %!+le4el!
(al#tei Statel! Unite, %in a i 2ea ! ee(6 -n e#!' n a%e2ieea e#! &a 6 $e $!la a te+#i %i(it $e2lin#l#i (al!ii %e te4en l#n0 al a2e*t#ia $in #46 $in 57@/ 26Jn$ 2# /9]
&a 6 $e 2! #l %!n$eat $e *23i4+ al alt! (al#te' Din 5777, %!2enta>#l e.%l!at6ii $!la#l#i $e 26te +6n2ile 2entale a *26#t $e la 1] la =], -n ti4% 2e e#! a 2e*2#t $e la 5@] la 9=]'Unele analie %ei2 26 -n an#l 585/, e#! (a ##%a $!la#l, 2!n*tit#in$ ee(a $e (al#t6
%i4a6 a l#4ii'60 A2e*t l#2# %ae *6 %einte ! %!(!2ae e#!%ean6 $a4ati26 %ent#3e0e4!nia 4!neta6 a4ei2an6, -n*6 e*te 4#lt 4ai %# in $e atJt' n 4!$ e*en ial, E#! !%eea6 %a*i( la ni(el#l %een ei, $a %Jn6 a2#4, a te%t6ile 26 (a 2!n*tit#i +aa 4!neta6
%ent# *tat#t#l $e a2t! la FMI *a# -n alt6 %ate, n# a# &!*t -n26 *ati*&62#te'Cel 4ai n$a4ental a*%e2t al %een ei UE, $ei(6 $e *i0#, ini ial $in 2eaea #nei
#ni#ni (a4ale i #ltei! a #n#i %!2e* $e %ia 6 #ni26' M6i4ea %#6 a %ie ei UE, 2#%lat6 2# %#teea $e 2#4%6ae a 2!n*#4at!il! *6i, a a(#t #n e&e2t $e 4a0net' n an#l 988@, $#%6#lti4ele a%!ate, Uni#nea -n26 - i 4en ine %!i ia %aalel6 2# Statele Unite, 2a &iin$ 2ea 4ai
4ae %ia 6 UE PIB e*te $e 587/1,7 +l$' E#!, &a 6 $e 2el al Statel! Unite, $e $!a 58855,7H, &iin$ 2!4e2iant#l 0l!+al %!e4inent 2# t!ate 26 2e teea a%i$6 a C3inei, i -n 4ai 4i26 46*#6 In$ia, a# e$#* *i4 it! %een a elati(6 a Uni#nii -n a2e*t *en*' 61Rela iile e2!n!4i2e *#+ia2ente 2# C3ina, *#nt $e a*e4enea *ei!* $enat#ate, C3ina &iin$ 2el 4ai 4ae e.%!tat!$e %!$#*e %e %ia 6, i4%!tJn$ 4ai %# in $in UE, $e2Jt &a2e El(e ia' A2ea*t6 *it#a ie a $#* la a%el#i #0ente %ent# UE $e a a2 i!na -4%e#n6 2# Statele Unite, %in inte4e$i#l
%!2e$#il! OMC, -4%!ti(a #ia #l#i 23ine 62'Ceei $e %i(ile0ii %ent# a22e* la %ia a UE, -n26 %e*i*t6' I*t!i2 (!+in$, a2e*t 2a a
a%a in#t 4#lt! 6i 2ae *#nt -n 4ae %ate $e%en$ente $e %ia a UE, $e e.' G#%#l A&i2an Caai+ian i al Pa2i&i2#l#i, &iin$ -n$ea%!a%e a*!2ia i 2# P!liti2a $e De(!ltae a C!4#nit6 ii i $e a*e4enea %ent# a2ele 6i $in intei!#l a 2eea 2e a $e(enit 2#n!*2#t *#+ n#4ele $e
(e2in6tate e#!%ean6' Mai te+#ie *6 a(e4 -n (e$ee %een a 2!(J it!ae a UE -n E#!%a $e E*t i 4!$#l -n 2ae a*%ia iile la a$eae ale 2el! e2e 6i 2entale*t E#!%ene, a# %e4i* C!4i*iei E#!%ene *6 atin06 #n 0a$ $e 2!nt!l $ie2t &66 %e2e$ent a*#%a a&a2eil! inteneale 6il! e.tene' n a2e*t *en*, i4%li2a iile %een ei intena i!nale a UE $in anii 988 9881, n# %!t &i -n26 a%e2iate %e $e%lin, $e!ae2e e*te ! 4ae %!+a+ilitate $e a le 2!nn$a'
60 T3e O+*e(e, 8 4atie 988@, ati2!l $i*%!ni+il -n (aianta !nline la a$e*a
http:;;obser1er
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
33/117
E.tin$eea -n*%e e*t a Uni#nii %!ate *6 2!n*!li$ee %een a #ni#nii' Re#ltatele $e *#22e* al #n! %!2e*e $e a$eae, a# in$i2at &a%t#l 26 Uni#nea a &!*t 2a%a+il6 *6 *ati*&a26a te%t6ile ail! 2entale*te e#!%ene a*t&el, -n a%aen 6, $Jn$ 6*%#n* *2e%ti2i*4#l#i $in Jn$#ile 2!4entat!il!'63n a2ela i ti4%, +ine-n ele*, 46i4ea %!%#la iei UE i a %ie ei *ale a# 2e*2#t' Pa2ti2, 2# t!ate a2e*tea, a2e*t %!ten ial a 0eneat %e2e% ii $e *l6+i2i#ne' 64
E.tin$eea, a -n*e4nat 26 Uni#nea a a+*!+it i #n n#46 $e *tate elati( -na%!iate $in %#n2t
$e (e$ee e2!n!4i2, 2eea 2e *2a$e PIB al UE' A*t&el, -n e*en 6, Uni#nea a $e(enit #n a2t! 4ai *6a2, 4#tJn$#*e $e la #n +l!2 +!0at i $e(!ltat, la #n#l 2# 4ai %# in $e(!ltat' E.tin$eile $in 988 i 9881 a# 2e*2#t n#46#l %!%#la iei 2# 8], $a a a$6#0at $!a =] la PIB65' Mai 4#lt $e2Jt atJt, $i&i2#lt6 ile %ent# %!liti2ile intene, $e e.' &inan a6 i *t#2t#ale i ale PAC alt %!ten ial &iin$ %!liti2a $e 4e$i#H, 2a#ate $e e.tin$eea -n*%e E*t, a# #n i4%a2t ne0ati( a*#%a %e2e% iil! %een ei UE' 66 Uni#nea e*te an0a>at6 -n a l#a 2J i(a 4e4+i, a22e%ta+il $e 4i2i, $e a2e*t 0en $in Bal2anii $e Ve*t' E.tin$ei e2ente i %!*%e2ti(e a# i4%li2a ii atJt %!liti2e, 2Jt i e2!n!4i2e, %ent# %een a UE' G#(enele *tatel! 4e4+e, i
%!%!aele a2e*t!a, *#nt e(i$ent -4%6 ite -n 2eea 2e %i(e te (iit!aea e.tin$ee, -n *%e2ial -n le06t#6 2# 2an$i$at#a T#2iei $a i -n %i(in a e.tin$eii e*ti2e i in2l#$eea 6il! %e2#4 U2aina i M!l$!(a' O %!+le46 a*e46n6t!ae a 2!n*tit#it $i&i2#ltatea 2# 2ae *a 26#t $e
a2!$ a*#%a e&!4ei $e tatat ne2e*ae %ent# a a2!4!$a e&e2ti(, 6ile a$eate e2ent i a %e4ite -n 2!ntin#ae e.tin$eea' Re*%in0eea Tatat#l#i C!n*tit# i!nal $e 26te %!%!#l &an2e i 2el !lan$e, a 2!n*tit#it #n 4ae i4%a* %ent# Uni#ne' A2e*t l#2# a an&!*at ! $e+atee %el#n0it6 -n le06t#6 2# a4en$a4entele i 2!nt!(e*ele 2#ente -n le06t#6 2# n2 i!naea #n! ele4ente 23eie ale *ale, %e2#4 %e e$in ia i *e(i2i#l $e a2 i#ne e.ten6' n ti4% 2e a2e*tea *#nt %!+le4e $e 2a%a+ilitate, $#%6 2#4 (!4 (e$ea, a2e*tea a# #n i4%a2t*e4ni&i2ati( ne0ati(H a*#%a %een ei Uni#nii' P!+le4a, $#%6 2#4 aat6 #n a%!t e2ent, a&e2tea6 ne0ati(, -n *%e2ial -n 2a#l %e2e% iil! R#*iei: ;# ii 2e$ 26 UE a &!*t in2a%a2itat6
%!liti2 $e e*%in0eea tatat#l#i 2!n*tit# i!nal i $e $i(ii#nile intene $inte n!ile i (e23ile *tate 4e4+e< a2e*tea a2 i!nJn$ 2a atae' 67n ti4% 2e *e 2!n*i$e6 26 # ii ;*#%ae*ti4ea6 2ia inten6 a UE!aela 6n2e%#t#l anil! 5778, (ei )ill, C' 577H ^ The capabilit'$epectations gap, or conceptualising Europe-s international role-,8ournal o0 Co on 4ar?et )tudies,%%' 8/9/'64Ten$#ile $e4!0a&i2e %e te4en l#n0 , -n $e2lin, a #nei %!%#la ii -n %!2e* $e -4+6tJnie te+#ie *6 $ea 4!ti(e $e -n0i>!ae a*#%a %een ei UE -n *i*te4#l 4!n$ial, %e #46t!ii 2in2ie2i $e ani' Pei2eile *%#n 26 %Jn6 -n 98/8, in$i26 &a%t#l 26, -n ti4% 2e %!%#l ia UE -n %e*ent 7 4il'H *e (a 4en ine %e #n ten$ *tati2 *a# -n $e2lin, In$ia (a a(ea ! 2e tee a l!2#it!il! e*ti4at6 la 5,=9@ 4il', C3ina la 5,7 4il' i Statele Unite la 99 4il' n 988 e.i*ta# $!#6 *tate 4e4+e, a&late i %e li*ta 2el! 4ai 4ai 98 $e 6i $in l#4e Ge4ania, Fan aH' PJn6 -n 98/8 n# (a 4ai &i ni2i #na, $!a $a26 T#2ia, 2# ! 2e tee a %!%#la iei e*ti4at6 la 7@ 4il', (a a22e$e' Bi!#l $e Re&ein 6, 988, $i*%!ni+il la a$e*a: http:;;www
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
34/117
2&2&2& Oportunitatea
O%!t#nitatea *e e&e6 la 2!nte.t#l e.ten al i$eil! i e(eni4entel! 2ae %e4it *a# 2!n*tJn0 a2 i#nea UE' Pe!2#%aea n!a*t6, $e la -n2e%#t, a &!*t a2eea a !+*e(6ii *23i4+6il! 2!n*i$ea+ile ale 4e$i#l#i e.ten $e la -n2e%#t#l anil! 5@78' n anii $e -n2e%#t,
$!#6 *#*e 4a>!e $e *ta+ilitate intena i!nal6 +i%!laitatea 6+!i#l#i e2e i *ta+ilitatea a*i0#at6 $e Statele Unite a# $!4inat *i*te4#l Bett!n Q!!$* *a# 2!4+inat %ent#a*i0#aea !%!t#nit6 il! i a te%t6il! a2 i#nii e.tene ale UE (! &i elati( li4itate' Pie$eea a2e*t! *#*e $e *ta+ilitate a# *23i4+at 2!nte.t#l e.ten -n 4!$#i 2ae *a# $!(e$ita &i %e4i*i(e %ent# Uni#ne'
C!la%*#l *i*te4#l#i Bett!n Q!!$*, la 4i>l!2#l anil! 18, a a(#t i4%li2a ii *e4ni&i2ati(e %ent# $e(!ltaea ela iil! e2!n!4i2e e.tene ale UE' A2e*t &a%t *a %eentat, -n 4!$ $i*2et, la $i*2#*#i -n %in2i%al e2!n!4i2eH $e inte$e%en$en 6, i -n 2i2#4*tan ele -n 2ae *tate in$i(i$#ale ea# %e2e%#te 2a &iin$ $in 2e -n 2e 4ai (#lnea+ile &! el! e2!n!4i2e e.tene, CE $e at#n2i, %6ea *6 &ie +ine %la*at6 %ent# a a2 i!na -n n#4ele 4e4+il! *6i, -n 4ana0e4ent#l inte$e%en$en ei' Ultei!, $i*2#*#i $e*%e 0l!+aliae
$!4inanteH, 2ae *e a*e46na#, -n 4ae, 2# 2ele $e inte$e%en$en 6, ea# -n a2!$ 2# !ientaea ne!li+eal6 a Uni#nii, -n a2ela i ti4%, i4%li2Jn$ ! *it#a ie #n$e *tatele in$i(i$#ale *#nt elati( ne%#tin2i!a*e -n &a a a2t!il! e2!n!4i2i n!nteit!iali' A2e*t l#2# *e %ae 26
%#nea Uni#nea &a 6 -n &a 6 2# n!i !%!t#nit6 i i e*%!n*a+ilit6 i $e a ;-n364a< l#4ea' A*t&el, 2!n&!4 *%#*el! C!4i*a#l#i %ent# C!4e , Pete Man$el*!n, ; Uni#nea E#!%ean6 ne $6 a(anta>#l $e a 4!$ela %!iti( 0l!+aliaea -n 4!$#i -n 2ae ni2i #n#l $in na i#nile *tatel! n!a*te n# %!ate *6 le atin06 *in0#i2eea 2e &a2e UE #n >#26t! 2a%a+il #ni2 -nte a2 i#ne na i!nal6 i e0#li intena i!nale
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
35/117
n a&a6 $e 2!nte.t#l e0i4#l#i 2!4e #l#i 4#ltilateal, !%!t#nit6 ile %ent# in&l#en a i intee*ele $e a%6ae ale UE *a# $i4in#at $e a*e4enea' Din n!#, i4%!tan a t!t 4ai 4ae a
C3inei i In$iei e*te ele(ant6 ai2i, %e2#4 i ea%ai ia R#*iei -n a2e*t 2!nte.t, *#* in#t $e %e #ile t!t 4ai 4ai ale ene0iei, -n #4a *l6+iii i $e%en$en ei e2!n!4i2e a anil! 5778' n 2!n*e2in 6, UE e.%ei4entea6 ! 2!4%eti ie 2e*2#t6 %ent# in&l#en 6 i a22e* la e*#*e, n# -n #lti4#l Jn$ la ee(e' Un 2a e.e4%la &iin$ ai2i, in&l#en a 2e*2#t6 a R#*iei -n Ca#2a i
A*ia Cental6, 2ae a ;-n23i* e&e2ti( UE -n a&aa #nei !ne #n$e (!ia *6 %!4!(ee e&!4a%!liti26, *6 e!l(e 2!n&li2te, i *6 -nte4eiee %ateneiate#.ta%#nee a(al!il!, e*%e2ti( a 2el! +aate %e intee*e UE'
Ca#l A&i2ii, e*te %!+a+il i 4ai &a%ant, $at &iin$ &a%t#l 26 Uni#nea *a +#2#at $e $e4#lt $e ela ii a%!%iate, -n *%e2ial, 2# A&i2a $e la *#$ $e Sa3aa' Din a2e*t 4ileni# -n*6, intee*#l -n A&i2a a 2e*2#t $in 2e -n 2e 4ai 4#lt' n an#l 9888 SUA a ati&i2at A2t#l %ent#Ce tee i O%!t#nitate A&i2an, 2ae !&e6 #n Jn$ $e *ti4#lente %ent# 2!4e i a*i*ten 6 6il! A&i2ane, %ent# a i $e*23i$e %!%ia %ia 6 $e *23i4+' Mai e2ent la *&J it#l an#l#i
9881H, *ta+iliea C!4an$a4ent#l#i A&i2an al Statel! Unite, *e4nalea6 inten ia $e a a2!$a *#%!t 4ilita Uni#nii A&i2ane i *tatel! in$i(i$#ale A&i2ane' T!ate a2e*te a2ti(it6 i, e&le2t6
%e 2ele ale UE -n e0i#ne' n a2ela i ti4%, C3ina *a an0a>at $in 2e -n 2e 4ai %!a2ti( 2#
A&i2a' V!l#4#l 2!4e #l#i a 2e*2#t $e 4ai 4#lt $e 2in2i !i $in 9888, i C3ina a2#4 i4%!t6 4ai 4#lt $e ! tei4e $in i ei#l $in A&i2a' n 988=, %e4ie#l 23ine a &62#t #n t# a 1 na i#ni $in A&i2a, -n23ein$ n#4e!a*e tatate $e 2!4e i a*i*ten 6, a(Jn$ 2a !+ie2ti( a22e*#l la i ei' Mai tJi#,-n a2el an, %i4#l F!#4 C3inaA&i2a $in Bei>in0 a ata* @ $e e&i $e *tat i 0#(en A&i2ani, ;2ae a# &!*t tata i &!ate 0ene!*, -n #4a 26#i &a%t, 2!4e #l i n!n inte&een a %!liti26 a# e.%l!$at
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
36/117
La 4ai 4#lt $e #n $e2eni# $#%6 2!la%*#l *i*te4#l#i Bett!n Q!!$*, *&J it#l R6+!i#l#i Re2e a %!$#* *23i4+6i i 4ai n$a4entale i i4e$iate ale 4e$i#l#i e.ten' A2e*te *23i4+6i a# a*i0#at ! !%!t#nitate *%!it6 %ent# 2a #ni#nea *6 a2 i!nee e0i!nal -nta$e(6, 2eeile i a te%t6ile 2ae a# a%6#t -n $e2eni#l 2ae a #4at anil! 57@7, a# &!*t &66 %e2e$ent' O%!t#nitatea $e a in&l#en a 6ile e#!%ene 2entale*ti2e, a&late -n tani ie, a &!*t $e>a $e+6t#t6' C# t!ate a2e*tea, -n23eieea e.tin$eil! $in 988 i 9881 a# l6*at 4#lte
ne*i0#an e -n 2eea 2e %i(e te ela iile 2# n!n4e4+ii e*ti2i' C3ia i &66 2!4%etiti(itatea $in %atea #nei R#*ii -n2e6t!ae, e*te %# in %!+a+il 2a P!liti2a E#!%ean6 $e Ve2in6tate 2!n*t#it6 -n 0a+6 -n 988, &!l!*in$ in*t#4ente $e(!ltate -n ti4%#l %!2e*el! $e a$eae,-n*6 &66 %!4i*i#nea 2alit6 ii $e 4e4+# ii (a %e4ite in&l#en ei UE *6 &ie e0al6 2# a2eea $e 2ae *a +#2#at -n ela ie 2# 6ile e#!%ene 2entale*ti2e' Ai2i, %!+le4ele *%e2iale a# -n (e$ee ela iile UER#*ia' D#%6 $e+inaea Uni#nii S!(ieti2e -n 5775, R#*ia a te2#t %int!
%ei!a$6 $e 2!la%* e2!n!4i2, 2ae a &!*t 2!n*tit#it $e 6+!aiele $in Ce2enia' Re!l(aea4#lt!a $in $i&i2#lt6 ile intene ale R#*iei a# &!*t a2!4%aniate $e ! a+!$ae !+#*t6 a
%!liti2ii e.tene e.%l!atJn$ *i*te4ati2 $e+in6ile $inte *tatele 4e4+e UE i a*t&el !+ inJn$ #n n!# ten$ a*2en$ent -n ela iile 2# Uni#nea'
E.%l!ia 2!n&li2t#l#i (i!lent -n Bal2anii $e Ve*t, la -n2e%#t#l anil! 5778, a %!$#*, $e
a*e4enea n!i %!(!26i i !%!t#nit6 i, -n*6 la 2ae Uni#nea a &!*t ;%!*t e23i%at6< $i%l!4ati2 *a# 4ilita, %ent# a le &a2e &a 6' De(!ltaea PESC i a PESA, e%eint6 -nt! 4ae 46*#6, #n 6*%#n* la e e2#ile $in 5778' n *it#a ia %!*t2!n&li2t, -n*6, Uni#nea a $e(enit #n >#26t! 4a>! al e0i#nii, -n 2a$#l 26eia a &!*t ini iat %!2e*#l $e Sta+ilitate i A*!2iee, a*!2iat 2#
%!4i*i#nea $e 4e4+# al UE -n (iit! e%eentJn$ *in0#a *tate0ie $i*%!ni+il6 %ent#ea+ilitaea *a' Ai2i, $in n!#, in&l#en a UE %!ate *a &i te2#t $e %!ten ial#l *6#' Intan*i0en a R#*iei a*#%a *tat#t#l#i &inal al !*!(!, a ne2e*itat #n e#ltat 4ai %# in *ati*&626t!, 2ae a
%#tea $#2e la #n n!# 2!n&li2t -n e0i#ne i #n e e2 al P!2e*#l#i $e Sta+ilitate i A*!2iee -n Bal2anii $e Ve*tH'
n anii e2ent te2# i, ! *#*6 &inal6 %ent# Uni#ne a &!*t eta0eea elati(6 a Statel! Unite $e la %ati2i%aea %!2e*el! 4#ltilateale' D#%6 $en#n aea *e4n6t#ii P!t!2!l#l#i $e la i!t! a Statel! Unite la C!n(en ia $in 2a$#l NU a*#%a S23i4+6ii Cli4ei, $e 26te a$4ini*ta ia #46t!ae a l#i B#*3 -n 9885, Uni#nea a &!*t la0 e2#n!*2#t6 2a %i4
%!ta0!ni*t -n $i%l!4a ia 2li4ati26' D#%6 2#4 a4 a0#4entat 4ai *#*, 4en ineea a2e*t#i !l $e lea$e $e%in$e -n 4ae %ate $e *#22e*#l *tate0iil! Uni#nii $e e$#2ee a e4i*iil! $e0ae' O i4%li2ae %!a2ti(6 $in %atea SUA a &i ! %!ten ial6 %!(!2ae %ent# !l#l $e lea$e al Uni#nii %e $!4eni#l *23i4+6ii 2li4ati2e i 2!nti+#ie -n 0eneal la $i4in#aea *%a i#l#i
%ent# !%!t#nitate $i*%!ni+il a2 i#nii e.tene a UE'
2&2&.& Capabilitatea
Ca%a+ilitatea *e e&e6 la 2!nte.t#l inten al a2 i#nii *a# ine iaH e.tene UE a2ele a*%e2te ale %!2e*el! %!liti2ii UE 2ae 2!n*tJn0 *a# -n06$#ie a2 i#nea i $e2i, 0#(enea6 a+ilitatea #ni#nii $e a (al!i&i2a %een a *a# $e a 6*%#n$e !%!t#nit6 il!' Ca$#l n!*t# in2l#$e 4ai 4#lte $i4en*i#ni ale 2a%a+ilit6 ii, 2ele 4ai i4%!tante &iin$:
A+ilitatea $e a &!4#la %i!it6 i i $e(!lta %!liti2i Di*%!ni+ilitatea i a+ilitatea $e a #tilia in*t#4entele %!liti2il!'
2.2.3.1. %ormularea poliicilor
36
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
37/117
n 4!$ a*e46n6t! 2# alte *i*te4e 2!4%le.e $e %!liti26, 2a%a+ilitatea UE $e a a2!$a%i!itate i $e a $e(!lta %!liti2i e*te -4%ie$i2at %in $i(a0aea %e2e% iil! a*#%a intee*el!' Caa2te#l #ni2 al UE, 2# t!ate a2e*tea, %e(e$e an#4ite %!(!26i *%e2i&i2e -n&!4#laea i 2!!$!naea %!liti2ii, %!+le46 la 2ae ne (!4 e&ei 2a &iin$ #na $e 2!n*i*ten 6 i 2!een 6' De*i0#, a2e*te %!+le4e, (aia6 -n inten*itate -nte !nele %!liti2ii %!ti(it
#n! &a2t!i %e2#4 l!2aliaea 2!4%eten ei i 0a$#l *en*i+ilit6 ii *tatel! 4e4+e 2# %i(ie la tan*&e#l %!liti2ii la ni(el $e Uni#ne' Din 4!4ent 2e a4 $i*2#tat a2e*te %!+le4e 4ai$etaliat, -n 2a%it!lele te2#te, !+ie2ti(#l n!*t# %in2i%al, ai2i, e*te 2!n*tit#it $in i4%li26ilee.tin$eil!, i t!t!$at6, %!ten ial#l #n! 2ate0!ii $e e&!4e 4ai ale* Tatat#l $e la Li*a+!na $a26 (a &i ati&i2atH %ent# a aten#a %!+le4e 2ae a&e2tea6 2!n*i*ten a i 2!een a'
2.2.3.1.1. &onsisen a
C!n*i*ten a e*te 2ea 4ai *e4ni&i2ati(6 $i4en*i#ne a 2a%a2it6 ii' Den!t6 -n 2e 46*#6, %!liti2ile e.tene +ilateale ale *tatel! 4e4+e *#nt 2!n*i*tente 2# ele -n i i, i 2!4%le4entae 2# 2ele ale CEWUE' De2i e*te ! 46*#6 a an0a>a4ent#l#i %!liti2 al *tatel!
4e4+e la %!liti2ile 2!4#ne i al i4%a2t#l#i %e an*a4+l# al Uni#nii i *tatel! *ale 4e4+e' C!n*i*ten 6 e*te 2ea 4ai +!0at6 -n !ne %e2#4 2!4e #l e.ten, #n$e e*te 2!4%eten 6
$e%lin6 a C!4#nit6 ii, i 4a>!itatea %!+le4el! $e2i*e $e (!t#l 4a>!it6 ii 2ali&i2ate -n C!n*ili#' Cele 4ai e2ente e.tin$ei %a *a n# &i a(#t i4%a2t ne0ati( a*#%a &!4#l6ii %!liti2ii2!4e #l#i 4ai 4#lt $e atJt, e.ten*ia VMC %e(6#t6 -n T' $e la Li*a+!na, -n !ne %e2#4 PAC, a te+#i *6 &a2ilitee &!4#laea a*%e2tel! e.tene %e a2e*te !ne $e %!liti26'
n a%!t 2# $i%l!4a ia $e 4e$i#, #n$e 2!4%eten a e*te -4%6 it6 -nte C!4#nitate i *tatele 4e4+e, ! $i*tin2 ie -nte ;lea$eii< %!a2ti(i $e e.' Ge4ania, i 6ile N!$i2eH i ;lene ii< eti2en i -n %i4#l Jn$ *tatele 4e4+e $in *#$H a &!*t -nt!t$ea#na *#%#*6 aten iei' C# t!ate a2e*tea, -n le06t#6 2# *23i4+aea 2li4ei, a*e4enea $i(ii#ni a# &!*t $e%6 ite %int! &!4#l6 $e e%atiae a *a2inii, 2ae *e a&l6 -n %eent, -n %!2e* $e ene0!2iee' 76A%a n!i
0i>i 2# %i(ie la n!ile *tate 4e4+e 2ae *a %#tea $!(e$i eti2en i -n %!te2 ia 4e$i#l#i, a*t&el a$#2Jn$ -n %l#* 2!4%le.it6 i la %!2e*#l $e ne0!2iee, 2ae %Jn6 -n %eent *a# $!(e$it a &i ne&!n$ate'77
76Ca *6 atin06 !+ie2ti(#l Uni#nii $e @] al e$#2eii e4i*iil! -n2e%Jn$ 2# 5778H %Jn6 -n 5859, a2!$#l $in 577@$e -4%6 ie a *a2inii a al!2at !+ie2ti(e $e e$#2ee a e4i*iil!, %inte *tatele 4e4+e' A2!$#l %e4ite
e$#2ei *#+*tan iale ale e4i*iil! %ent# #nele *tate, -n ti4% 2e alt!a le *#nt %e4i*e e4i*ii $e 0ae 4ai 4ai'77V!0le, ' _ Ste%3an, )'R', ^T3e E#!%ean Uni!n in Gl!+al En(i!n4ental G!(enan2e: Lea$e*3i% in t3eMain0?
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
38/117
Sit#a ia -n le06t#6 2# 2!!%eaea %ent# $e(!ltae, e*te $i&eit6' Ai2i, *tatele 4e4+e !%eea6 %!liti2i +ilateale, -n %aalel 2# %!liti2a C!4#nit6 ii' CJn$ *#nt 2!4+inate, a2e*te e&!t#i *#nt *e4ni&i2ati(e -nta$e(6 *a %ei* 26 %Jn6 -n 9858, UE (a nia =] $int!tal#l a*i*ten ei %ent# $e(!ltae' 78Ce$i+ilitatea a2e*t! 2ean e e*te ne$ete4inat6, t!t# i, e e2#l $e a 2!!$!na $i&eitele %!liti2i, 2ae a$e*ea *#nt 2!n2#ente *a# *e *#%a%#n, *a# -nta$e(6, *#nt $ie2 i!nate *%e !+ie2ti(e -n 2!n&li2t' A*t&el, -n 2i#$a an0a>a4ent#l#i &e2(ent
eiteat %ent# a *e 2!n2enta %e ea$i2aea *662iei i O+ie2ti(ele $e De(!ltae ale Mileni#l#i, 4#lte *tate 4e4+e a# 2!ntin#at *6 &a(!iee 6i 2# 2ae a# *ta+ilit le06t#i, -n *%e2ial &!*te 2!l!nii' Ai2i, %!+le4e $e 2!n*i*ten 6 a# &!*t e.a2e+ate $e e.tin$ei *%e e*t, -n 2ae t!ate *tatele 4e4+e a2!$6 %i!itate (e2inil! $in e*t i 6il! $in Bal2ani, -n
%!0a4ele l! $e a*i*ten 6' 79Re2ent, *a $e%#* e&!t 2!n*i$ea+il, 2!n$#* $e C!4i*ie, %ent#a %!4!(a 2!n*i*ten a -n $e(!ltaea %!liti2ii %in a2!$#l #n#i C!n*en* E#!%ean $e De(!ltae,80i4%li2Jn$ t! i 2ei 9@ $e $!n!i, i -n2ea26 *6 *ta+ilea*26 #n C!$ $e C!n$#it6 %e 4%6 iea M#n2ii -n P!liti2a $e De(!ltae al UE' 81R64Jne $e (6#t $a26 a2e*te ini iati(e *e (! $!(e$i a &i $e *#22e*'
T!ate %!liti2ile $i*2#tate 4ai *#* int6 -n Pil!n#l C!4#nit6 ii' n Pil!n#l II, 2ae e#ne te PESC i PESA, n# ine $e 2!4%eten a C!4#nit6 ii i $e2iiile *#nt l#ate -n
#nani4itate' Ai2i, %!+le4ele $e 2!n*i*ten a *#nt $e ! alt6 nat#6 $#%6 2#4 e*te $e4!n*tat $e 2a#ile i4%!tante $e %!&il, %e2#4 in(aia Ia#l#i $in 988 i 4ai e2ent, *tat#t#l !*!(!' A*e4enea e e2#i $e 2!n*i*ten 6 %!(in $in *a# 23ia *#+4inea6 *#22e*ele elati(e ale %!liti2ii e.tene $e e.' 2ea 26te Ian i Bal2anii $e (e*t' n PESC, $#%6 2#4 $e4!n*tea6 2la ela iile UER#*ia, e.tin$eile *%e e*t a# e.a2e+at $in n!# %!+le4e $e 2!n*i*ten 6' F66 -n$!ial6, %!+le4e *#nt 4ai 2!4%le.e $e2Jt ! $i(ii#ne e.a2t6 -nte ;(e23ea< i ;n!#a< E#!%6 a*t&el, Le!na$ i P!%e*2# 82i$enti&i26 2in2i a+!$6i ale %!liti2iiR#*iei 2ae $e*&iin ea6 a2ea*t6 $i(ii#ne' A2e*tea *#nt ;2aii t!ieni
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
39/117
A*t&el $e %!+le4e, *#+linia6 i4%!tan a $i*%!i iil! Tatat#l#i $e la Li*a+!na, 2# 2ae *e (ea 2!n*!li$aea a+ilit6 ii UE $e a a2 i!na e&e2ti( %e *2ena 4!n$ial6' De a*e4enea, $e!*e+it $e i4%!tan i -n %!4!(aea 2!n*i*ten ei, %in lea$e*3i% 4ai 2!n2entat, *#nt Pe e$intele C!n*ili#l#i E#!%ean i !l#l tan*&!4at al nalt#l#i Re%eentant %ent# A&a2ei E.tene i P!liti26 $e Se2#itate' C# t!ate a2e*tea, -n %eent, !l#l %e2i* 2ae te+#ie >#2at $e Pe e$inte, e*te #n#l n#2lea' A+ilitatea $e a i e.e2ita lea$e*3i%#l i $e a -n2#a>a
2!!%eaea -nte %!liti2ile *tatel! 4e4+e, 2!n*tit#ie $e a*e4enea #n !l i4%!tant al%i4#l#i !&i2ial' Ai2i *e 4ai 4en i!nea6 26 Me4+ii Pala4ent#l#i E#!%ean inten i!nea6 *6 &!l!*ea*26 %#teile +#0etae ale Pala4ent#l#i %ent# a a*i0#a 26 !l#l Pe e$intel#i, (a 64Jne #n#l a$4ini*tati(, i 26 n# e*te ne(!ie $e n2 ii e.e2#ti(e' 83 In&l#en a nalt Re%eentant#l#i 2ae (a %ei$a n!#l C!n*ili# $e A&a2ei E.teneH (a $e%in$e, -n 4!$*i4ila $e a+ilitatea *a $e a $e(!lta n!#l !l' R (a &i, +ine-n ele*, $!a Vi2ePe e$inte a C!4i*iei, l6*Jn$ $e*23i*6 %!*i+ilitatea 2a Pe e$intele C!4i*iei *6 26#te, 2a -n te2#t, *6 >!a2e #n !l -n e%eentaea Uni#nii %e %lan e.ten' A*t&el, n!#l *i*te4 a %#tea i4%li2a #n 0a$ $e2!nie, 23ia ten*i#ne a*#%a !l#il! e*%e2ti(e' Mai 4#lt $e atJt, e ineea -n le06t#6 2# 2ein a %ent# #nani4itate, e*te *#+liniat6 $e $!#6 De2laa ii ata ate Tatat#l#i' A2e*tea eiteea6, -n te4eni &e4i, 26 e*%!n*a+ilitatea %ent# %!liti2a e.ten6 i $e *e2#itate
64Jne $e 2!4%eten a 0#(enel! *tatel! 4e4+e' A2e*te De2laa ii, *e *%e2#lea6 26 a %#tea a(ea e&e2t#l li4it6ii !l#l#i n!#l#i R'
2.2.3.1.2. &oeren a
C!een a *e e&e6 la %!2e*ele %!liti2ii intene ale Uni#nii' Din 4#lte %#n2te $e (e$ee, %!+le4ele, *#nt -n anal!0ie 2# 2ee 2ae a&e2tea6 !i2e *i*te4 %l#ali*t' Ten*i#nile$inte %!liti2a 2!4e2ial6 i %!liti2a $e 4e$i#, $e e.', *#nt en$e4i2e' Date &iin$ a2e*tea, e.i*t6 a*%e2te ale *i*te4#l#i %!liti2 al UE 2ae a# 0eneal %!le4e *%e2iale $e 2!een 6'
83O+*e(at!#l UE $in $ata $e 9'8'988@
39
8/13/2019 Conceptualizarea Uniunii Europene CA Actor Global
40/117
Cel 4ai %!li&i2 e.e4%l# -n a2e*t *en*, &iin$ *t#2t#a %e Pil!ni, 2ae a# l!(it -n 4!$ne0ati( 2!een a %!liti2ii e.tene %e an*a4+l#' A# e.i*tat $e a*e4enea i !ne #n$e i4%le4entaea $e2iiil! PESC a &!*t -4%ie$i2at6 *a# -ntJiat6 $e C!4i*ie $e e.' -nle06t#6 2# i4%#neea *an2 i#nil! %!liti2e *a# $eta aea Re%eentan il! S%e2iali %!+le4e 2ae a# &!*t -n 4ae %ate, -n*6 n# -n -nte0i4e, e!l(ateH i, 4ai e2ent, ten*i#nile $inte C!4i*ie i C!n*ili# a*#%a %!+le4el! $e 4en inee a !$inii 2i(ile i !l#l Uni#nii -n
#0en ele 2i(ile' Ai2i, $e*i0#, *#nt *%ean e 2a $e*&iin aea !&i2ial6 a *t#2t#ii %il!nil!, -4%e#n6 2# n!#l nalt Re%eentant (! a(ea 2a e&e2t e!l(aea a2e*t! %!+le4e $e2!een 6' C# t!ate a2e*tea, *e%aaea C!n*ili#l %ent# A&a2ei E.tene $e C!n*ili#l Geneal $e A&a2ei, 2ae (a a(ea e*%!n*a+ilitatea 2!4e #l#i e.tei!, %!+le4e ele(ante PESC $e e.tin$ee i +#0et a# %!ten ial -n a 2ea ! n!#6 *#*6 $e ten*i#ne i in2!een 6' nta$e(6, ae e&e2t#l e2e6ii *t#2t#ii %il!nil!, -n*6 -nt! &!46 4ai %# in i0i$6' C# *t#2t#a Pil!nil! C!4#nit6 ii, -n %eent, e.i*t6 $e a*e4enea %!+le4e $e 2!een 6' Ai2i, ! %!+le46 *%e2i&i26 UE e*te a+*en a #n#i 4e2ani*4 *ati*&626t!, -n tataea $i*%#tel! $inte %6 i ale C!4i*iil! i C!4i*ail! -n i i' Mateial#l n!*t# a a6tat 26 li%*a #n#i lea$e*3i% %#teni2 $in %atea
Pe e$in il! C!4i*iei a e#ltat -nt! ten$in 6 %ent# 2a 2ele 4ai %#teni2e Die2t!ate Geneale ale C!4i*iil! -4%e#n6 2# C!4i*aii, *6 %e$!4ine' Un n#46 $e 4e2ani*4e *a#
$e(!ltat %ent# a %!4!(a 2!een 6 %!liti26 -n !ne %!+le46 $e e.' P!2e*#l Ca$i&&, ini iat -n 57@@, a(ea inten ia $e a a*i0#a inte0aea *#*tena+ilit6 ii 4e$i#l#i %e t!ate !nele
%!liti2ii' I4%le4entaea, -n*6, *e 2e$e *6 &i &!*t ;$!a ! &!4alitate#2at #n !l $!4inant -n ne0!2ieile 2# 6ile ACP, a%!a%e e.2l#*i(#l teit!i# $e*tinat DG %ent# De(!ltae' Pent# a %!4!(a C!een a P!liti26 %ent# De(!ltae CPDH, C!4i*ia a lan*at, -n 988/, #n Jn$ $e n!i ini iati(e' Re2ent -n*6, *a a%!tat &a%t#l 26 ;4e2ani*4ele CPD *#nt *la+ in*tit# i!naliate i a%li2ate ne*i*te4ati2#i$i26 i a*t&el e*te -4%#teni2it6 a in*tit#i a2!$#i intena i!nale' Di*%!i iile $e la Li*a+!na (! e.tin$e a+ilitatea UE $e a &a2e an0a>a4ente intena i!nale -n +aa tatatel! %e !ne $e le06t#6 a PESC, 2ae -n %eent, te+#ie*2 ati&i2ate $e %ala4entele t#t#! 2el! 91 $e *tate4e4+e #n %!2e* inten* i &!ate ne*i0# 2ae a a(#t i4%a2t ne0ati( a*#%a %e2e% iil! *tat#t#l#i $e a2t! al UE'
84Palle4aet*, M', ;The European Union and )ustainable @e1elopent: An Abiguous /elationship< In 4ea6 -n4!$ e.ten*i( -n %a2ti2ile $i%l!4ati2e ta$i i!nale' De e.', -n 9889, a# &!*t -nte%in*e @7 $e $e4e*#i, $in 2ae, -n %!%! ie 2!n*i$ea+il6, a# a(#t 2a *2!% %!4!(aea *#%!t#l#i %ent# *ta+iliea C# ii Penale Intena i!nale CPIH' Fa%t#l 26, -n 2e*t ti4%, $i%l!4a ii Statel! Unite ea# an0a>a i -n 4!$ *i4ila -n $e*2#a>aea 0#(enel! 2ae -n2#a>a# CPI, e*te $e*i0# #n te*ta4ent al *#22e*#l#i Uni#nii -n a2ea*t6 %i(in 6' Dial!0#l %!liti2, 2a #n ele4ent al
A2!$#il! $e A*!2iee ale Uni#nii 2# 6i te e i $e*e4naea Re%eentan il! S%e2iali, e*te $e a*e4enea ! !$ine *ta+ilit6'Pe lJn06 in*t#4entele PESC, -n %eent, C!4i*ia $e*&6 !a6 #n *e(i2i# e.ten 2#
a%!a%e 58 $e $ele0a ii ale *tatel! te e' Date &iin$ 2!4%eten ele C!4#nit6 ii, $ele0a iile a# -n %eent 2a %i4 *2!% %!+le4e $e !$in e2!n!4i2 %e2#4 %!liti2a $e $e(!ltae' Ai2i, T'$e la Li*a+!na, %e(e$e *ta+iliea #n#i Se(i2i# E#!%ean $e a2 i#ne e.ten6, -n0l!+Jn$
%e*!nal $e la Se2etaiat#l C!n*ili#l#i, C!4i*iei i *e(i2iil! $i%l!4ati2e ale *tatel! 4e4+e a*t&el, -n 4!$ i4%!tant, -nl6t#6 $ele0a iile $e *#+ e*%!n*a+ilitatea C!4i*iei' Se(i2i#l E#!%ean %ent# A2 i#ne E.ten6 SEAEH (a a(ea a*t&el, ! 4ai 4ae %#tee $e e4itee &a 6 $e $ele0a iile %eente, 2!ne2tJn$ e.%li2it a*%e2tele e2!n!4i2e i %!liti2e ale
%!liti2ii e.tene, i *a %#tea *6 !%eee 2a *e(i2i# $i%l!4ati2 al R' C# t!ate a2e*tea, -n
%eent, n# e*te 2la !l#l i 2!4%!i ia SEAE' E.i*t6 4!ti(e $e -n0i>!ae %inte 0#(enele *tatel! 4e4+e, -n %in2i%al Maea Bitanie, -n le06t#6 2# &a%t#l 26 SEAE a %#tea a$#2e2aa2tei*ti2i $e *tat, Uni#nii: -n a2e*t ti4%, C!4i*ia &iin$ -n0i>!at6 -n %i(in a i4%a2t#l#i
%ie$eii 2!nt!l#l#i a*#%a $ele0a iil! %ent# %!liti2ile 2!4#nitae, %e2#4 %!liti2a $e $e(!ltae' I4%e2iia e.%i46ii Tatat#l#i -n le06t#6 2# 2ea a SEAE, la*6 #n *%a i# 2!n*i$ea+il %ent# 4ane(6' E.i*t6 a2#4, -nta$e(6, %!%#nei %ent# ! a+!$ae4ini4ali*t6, i4%li2Jn$ *ta+iliea #n#i 4i2 !0ani*4 $e 2!!$!nae la B#.elle*, l6*Jn$inta2te t!ate *t#2t#ile e.i*tente' Sen*i+ilitatea a2e*tei %!+le4e e
