Valori Europene in Guvernarea Locala - Raport

8/3/2019 Valori Europene in Guvernarea Locala - Raport

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Zkha}e br}a~bobo frzb}ok}bk haikh


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Zkha}e br}a~bobo frzb}ok}bk haikh


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Kiby| dk|b}ekh k jay| ~rmheik| o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre Zkha}e br}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikhlb}rhk| lb i|}b Kyaiekek ^}a Lbdai}kek ir y~}e`eorh jeokoiek} kh Roeroee Br}a~bob ~}eo^}af}kdrh Jaolrh Br}a~k =>>: $ ^}af}kdrh ^ck}b lb Dei}a$^}aebi|b lb Iadroeik}b/

A~eoeehb bs~}edk|b o kiby| }k~a}| k~k}eo kr|a}eha} e or }bjhbi| ~apeek ajeiekh k jeokok|a}rhre/

Iaa}laok|a}rh ~}aebi|rhre0 Jbheiek Khbskol}r

Kyaiekek ^}a Lbdai}kek^rmheik|0 Mrir}b|e( ai|adm}eb =>>6

Drhrded |r|r}a} ibha} ik}b y$kr ed~heik| o ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~}aebi|rhre e( o dal lbaybme|(

}b~}bpbo|koeha} kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb leo Mhb`ae( Jah|b|e( J}bibe( Cbdber( HrepeIhrf}k( Dechboe( ^rieakyk( Yhamapek M}klrhre( \bice}fceah( Zepe}r( Zo|a}e( Zahro|k}e/

Kyaiekek ^}a Lbdai}kekM$lrh Dk}bykh Kh/ Kzb}byir o}/;6^kzeheao J( B|/ 9( Ybi|a} ;( Mrir}by|e

\bhbjao!jks0 #'=;% === 3=


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Ir~}eoy

Irzo| okeo|b//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2^K]\BK E////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6

ZKHA]EHB BR]A^BOB E KLDEOEY\]KEK ^RMHEIHAIKH//////////6;/ ]bja}dk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib o ]adoek/ Ik~kie|k|b kldeoey|}k|ez(

lbyibo|}khepk}b e lbpzah|k}b haikh /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=/ Zkha}ehb br}a~bob jrolkdbo| kh lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb //////////////////////3

=/;/ Ick}|k Br}a~bko k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb ///////////////////////////////// ;>=/=/ ^}aebi|rh lb Iaoy|e|reb Br}a~bko /////////////////////////////////////////////////////;;

9/ Zkha}ehb br}a~bob o kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh ///////////////////////////////////// ;=9/;/ Br}a~boepk}bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb/////////////////////////////////////// ;=9/=/ \}koy~k}bok ki|rhre lbiepeaokh////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;99/9/ }adazk}bk iad~a}|kdbo|bha} ko|}b~boa}ekhb/////////////////////////////////// ;9

9/;/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre /////////////////////////// =>9/;/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} // =>9/;/9/ ]biadkol}e////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =;

9/=/ Cbdber #Mkir%///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =;

9/=/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre /////////////////////////// =;9/=/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} // ==9/=/9/ ]biadkol}e ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =9

9/9/Yhamapek M}klrhre #Z}koibk%///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =99/9/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre /////////////////////////// =99/9/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} // =99/9/9/ ]biadkol}e ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =

9/3/ Mhb`ae #^}kcazk% /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9;9/3/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre /////////////////////////// 9;9/3/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}// 9;9/:/9/ ]biadkol}e ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9;

9/5/ rieakyk #Ldmazek% ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9=9/5/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre /////////////////////////// 9=

9/5/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} // 9=9/5/9/ ]biadkol}e ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9=9

9/;>/ Zepe}r #M}ehk%///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 999/;>/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre ///////////////////////// 999/;>/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}/ 999/;>/9/ ]biadkol}e //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 92

9/ ;;/ Dechboe #Ma|akoe% /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 929/;;/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre////////////////////////// 929/;;/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}/ 929/;;/9/ ]biadkol}e //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:

9/;=/ Zahro|k}e #Ehjaz%////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:9/;=/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre ///////////////////////// 9:9/;=/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}/ 9:9/;=/9/ ]biadkol}e //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:

IAOIHRPEE E ]BIADKOL]E ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 96


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Kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh k} |}bmre y jeb rorh leo|}b ladboeehb ibhb dke kjbi|k|b lb

|}koyja}d}e }kleikhb e }bja}d}e( lki yro| hrk|b o iaoyelb}k}b lbpmk|b}ehb lbdk}k|b oi hkoib~r|rh koeha} ;55>( jeb i kiby|bk kr klry o leyireb ~}amhbdk lbyibo|}khep}ee ykr klbiaoibo|}}ee( k mrfb|bha} haikhb hede|k|b e k jeoko}ee drh| ~}bk }blryb( ykr k lbjeie|rhre lb~b}yaokh/ o ~hry( kiibo|rh |a| dke dk}b ~ry ~b fhamkhepk}b( ~b ~}azai}ehb eo|b}okeaokhb |a| dkeeo|boyb e ~b |boleobhb lb eo|bf}k}b }bfeaokhb e fhamkhb ~}byr~ro a lbpzah|k}b iaoiade|bo| kkldeoey|}keeha} okeaokhb o yboyrh ik~kie|ee lb k kieaok e k }bkieaok jhbsemeh e iab}bo|/

^}ki|ei( hey|k ~}amhbdbha} zbceirhk|b o ~}ezeok kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb leo ]adoek by|bj} yj}e|/ o|}b kiby|bk( ~}amhbdk lbyicelb}ee kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib leo ]adoek i|}bib|boee e( dke meob y~ry( k lbjeoe}ee robe }bhkee iaoy|ko|b e |}koy~k}bo|b ir kib|ek( ir khe

jki|a}e eo|b}byke e ir dbdm}ee yaieb|ee iezehb lb |e~ kyaiek|ez( by|b rok lb yrmy|ko( kzol ozblb}b i kjbi|bkp }k~a}|r}ehb byboekhb o|}b kldeoey|}keb e mbobjeiek}ee be jeokhe/

^a}oeol leo kiby| ~roi|( }bja}dk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb leo ]adoek by|b ro bhbdbo|byboekh o bjeiebo|epk}bk ~}aibyrhre lb eo|bf}k}b eoy|e|reaokh( obibyk} robe klk~|}e zb}e|kmehb k]adoebe hk y|}ri|r}ehb br}a~bob/ Dke drh| lbi| k||( kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh by|b a bo|e|k|bi}riekh hk oezbh haikh k|| ik ~}ada|a} kh lbpzah|}ee haikhb( kh k|}kfb}ee eozby|eeeha} ~b ~hko haikh(i| e kh damehep}ee ib|boeha} o yboyrh kma}l}ee rore iad~a}|kdbo| ko|}b~}boa}ekh e kh robek|e|rleoe ~}aki|ezb/

Lbpzah|k}bk ik~kie|eha} kr|a}e|eha} haikhb lb k jr}oepk e k fby|eaok bjeiebo| yb}zeieehb ~rmheibkr l}b~| iad~aobo|b byboekhb k|| }bja}dk jroiebe ~rmheib( lk} e kyefr}k}bk }byr}ybha} rdkobobibyk}b e }blbjeoe}bk }bhkebe ir ib|boee/ Ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o hrk}bk lbiepeeha} ~rmheib e oki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib k}b( ir yefr}ko( ~a|boekhrh lb k kiibo|rk ~}aibyrh lbdalb}oepk}b k kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib( lki ~}aibyrh iaoyrh|k|ez by|b rorh iaoybizbo| e bjeiebo|/^rob}bk o k~heik}b k lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb hk oezbh haikh lb i|}b kr|a}e|ehb ~rmheibiaoy|e|reb ~}bdeyk lbpzah|}ee roa} ~k}|bob}ek|b lr}kmehb ~b ~hko haikh e iao|}emreb( o kibhke|ed~( hk ed~hbdbo|k}bk dke jkieh k lbiepeeha} hrk|b( hk i}b|b}bk hbfe|ede|ee e k |}koy~k}bobekr|a}e|eha} haikhb( i}bol a iadroe|k|b ki|eze eoja}dk|/ Lb kybdbobk( ~rob}bk o k~heik}b kdalbhrhre ~k}|eie~k|ez kh ~ahe|eieha} ~rmheib( ~}eo db|albhb e |bcoeiehb ~b ik}b hb ~}byr~rob( k}bbjbi|b ~ape|ezb kyr~}k bjeiebobe dkokfbdbo|rhre yb}zeieeha} ~rmheib hk oezbh haikh/

Kzol o zblb}b kiby| yia~ hbfe|ed( dk|b}ekhrh lb jk e ~}a~rob kokhepk iad~k}k|ez k roa}bs~b}edbo|b lb ~k}|eie~k}b ib|bobkyi o ]adoek hk oezbhrh iadroe|eha} haikhb/ ^}bpbo|rh}k~a}| oicbeb ~}aebi|rh Zkha}e br}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikh( lb}rhk| lb Kyaiekek ^}aLbdai}kek o ~b}eaklk lbibdm}eb =>>: $ oaebdm}eb =>>6 ir y~}e`eorh jeokoiek} kh RoeroeeBr}a~bob ~}eo ~}af}kdrh Jaolrh Br}a~k =>>:/ Kiby| ~}aebi| e$k ~}a~ry i}b|b}bk oezbhrhre lbkyrdk}b k zkha}eha} br}a~bob lb i|}b khbee haikhe e jroieaok}ee ~rmheie leo laey~}bpbibiadroe|e deie leo ]adoek( k|| leo dblerh r}mko( i| e leo dblerh }r}kh/

Iaoi}b|( iaoib~|rh lb kyrdk}b k zkha}eha} br}a~bob k jay| lbjeoe| o ~}edrh }ol o |b}dboee

lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb k~heik|b hk oezbh haikh ~}eo iaoy|}re}bk robe }bhkee iaoy|}ri|ezb irib|boee ~}eo ed~heik}bk kiby|a}k o ki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib iadrob/


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Amebi|ezrh ibo|}kh kh kiby|re }k~a}| by|b kibhk lb k elbo|ejeik dalbhbhb lb mro ~}ki|ei o }bhkekkr|a}e|eha} haikhb ir ib|boee( ~b mkpk iaoihrpeeha} bzkhr}ee ibha} ;= haikhe|e ed~heik|b o~}aebi|( ~rool kiibo|rh ~b elbo|ejeik}bk e ed~hbdbo|k}bk ibha} dke ~a|}eze|b |bcoeie lbeoja}dk}b( iaoyrh|k}b e ed~heik}b k ib|boeha} o ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha} lb i|}bkldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh/

^}edk ~k}|bk k kiby|re }k~a}| by|b lbleik| robe eo|}alrib}e fbob}khb ir ~}eze}b hk }bja}dkkldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib leo ]adoek k i}be da|ezkeb ed~heie| by|b obibye|k|bk kma}l}ee kiby|be|bdk|eie o iao|bs|rh obzaee lb lb~e}b k dbikoeydbha} |}kleeaokhb rpe|k|b o ikl}rh y|}ri|r}eha}kldeoey|}k|ezb/ Kzol o zblb}b kiibo|rh ybdoejeik|ez ~ry ~b lbyibo|}khepk}b o leyir}yrh ~rmhei(kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh lbzeob ro ki|a} i}riekh o iaoib~b}bk e ed~hbdbo|k}bk y|}k|bfeeha}lb lbpzah|k}b haikh/

Rh|b}ea}( yro| ~ryb o leyireb zkha}ehb br}a~bob e dalrh o ik}b kiby|bk ~a| je ~ryb o hbf|r}ir kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh leo ]adoek/ ^k}|bk ibk dke kd~h k kiby|re }k~a}|( kk ird kjay| lb`k dboeaok|( by|b lbleik| }bprh|k|bha} ed~hbdbo|}ee ibha} ;= ~hkor}e lb kierob haikh(

~bo|}r k ir~}eolb rh|b}ea} a yb}eb lb }biadkol}e fbob}khb ir ~}eze}b hk khbfb}bk ~}amhbdbha} e kamebi|ezbha}( r|ehepk}bk eoy|}rdbo|bha} lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b e yriibyrh kieroeha}o|}b~}eoyb/ Lbyi}eb}ehb eolezelrkhb yro| y|}ri|r}k|b o |}be ~}e0 lbyi}eb}bk fbob}kh k ~}aebi|rhre(k~heik}bk db|albha} e eoy|}rdbo|bha} lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b( e }biadkol}e/ o jeokh( yro|iao|r}k|b robhb iaoihrpee e }biadkol}e zepol o|}bfrh ~}aiby lb bzkhrk}b k ki|eze|eekldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb leo ibhb ;= iadroe|e/ Kokhepk ki|eze|eha} leo ikl}rh kiby|re~}aebi| k jay| lb}rhk| yrm iaa}laok}bk ladorhre Ya}eo Ihl}k}r( bzkhrk|a}/

]bprh|k|bhb ed~hbdbo|}ee ~}aebi|rhre( ir~}eoyb eo ~k}|bk k lark k kiby|re y|rler( ~ro o bzelbo~}ehb ~ape|ezb e obfk|ezb khb lb}rh}ee ~}aebi|rhre o ibhb ;= haikhe|e/ o iaoybieo( yia~rh

jeokh kh kiby|re lbdb}y by|b elbo|ejeik}bk roa} |boleob o dalrh o ik}b kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei leo]adoek }brb|b or ordke y k~heib iaoib~|rh lb iaozb}fbo ir oa}dbhb br}a~bob( lk}eo|b}okhepbkp zkha}ehb br}a~bob o ~}ezeok kyefr}}ee robe }bhkee |}koy~k}bo|b e iaoy|}ri|ezb irmbobjeiek}ee ye/

o|}bm}ehb hk ik}b kiby| dk|b}ekh e$k ~}a~ry y }y~rol o iao|eork}b ~}ezbyi r}d|ak}bhbky~bi|b0

Ik}b yro| le}bieehb lb kierob ibo|}khb khb ~}aebi|bha} iadroe|k}b bhkma}k|b eed~hbdbo|k|b o ibhb ;= haikhe|e1

Ib eoy|}rdbo|b y~biejeib lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b kr jay| ybhbi|k|b e k~heik|b o

iadroe|ehb }by~bi|ezb1 o ib dyr} iroak|b e r|ehepbkp kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh db|albhb lbdai}kebe

~k}|eie~k|ezb o ki|eze|k|bk yk1 o ib dyr} yro| eoeek|ezbhb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib iaoja}db ir ~}ki|eiehb e zkha}ehb

br}a~bob1


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K]\BKEZkha}ehb br}a~bob e kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh

;/ ]bja}dk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib o ]adoek/ Ik~kie|k|bkldeoey|}k|ez( lbyibo|}khepk}b e lbpzah|k}b haikh

Dadbo|rh lb jk by|b rorh jb}|eh ~bo|}r k leyir|k lby~}b obzaek lb }bja}d k kldeoey|}kebe oiao|bs|rh eo|bf}}ee br}a~bob/ Leo ;556( iol k jay| ~rmheik| ~}edrh ]k~a}| lb k} lb i|}bIadeyek Br}a~bko( ~o o =>>:( korh rh|edrhre }k~a}| lb daoe|a}epk}b ~}bdb}f|a} klb}}ee(}bja}dk eoy|e|reaokhe ik~kie|k|bk kldeoey|}k|ez kr jay| iaoy|ko| dboeaok|b l}b~| amy|kiahbo eo|bf}k}bk o y|}ri|r}ehb Roeroee Br}a~bob #RB%/

Dke drh| lbi| a ~}amhbd haikh ykr okeaokh( }bja}dk eoy|e|reaokh k jay| ~}eze| o o|}bkfk}bferob k Br}a~be Ibo|}khb e lb By| ik a a~a}|roe|k|b e a kdboeok}b o kibhke |ed~( kzol ozblb}b i ~}byr~rob yicedmk}bk lb koykdmhr k yey|bdrhre eoy|e|reaokh( k y|}ri|r}eha}( k |r|r}a}~}aiblr}eha} lb }bi}r|k}b( daoe|a}epk}b e bzkhrk}b leo ikl}rh yey|bdrhre/ ^}eoie~khbhb ky~bi|b khb}bja}dbe leo kiby| ~roi| lb zblb}b kr ~}eze| o ~}eoie~kh( ledboyeroehb ibo|}khep}ee eme}ai}k|ep}ee bsibyezb( he~ybe lb ~}ajbyeaokhepk}b k jroieaok}eha} ~rmheie k|| hk oezbh ibo|}kh( i|e hk oezbh haikh( ~}bird e eo|b}jb}bobe ~ahe|eirhre o jroieaok}bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib ykrik~kie|ee }blryb lb kmya}meb k jaolr}eha} y|}ri|r}khb/ Lk}( ik e o ibhbhkh|b y|k|b by|$br}a~bob(iaoib~|rh lb }bja}d ik}b k jay| lbpzah|k| y$k iaoibo|}k| ~b }bfhbdbo|k}b e kla~|k}bk roreord} o bsiby lb oae }bfrhe( ik}b( o dal bzelbo|( or kr }bpahzk| ~}amhbdbhb yey|bdeib/

o|}peb}ehb ir ik}b }bja}dk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib k jay| eoeek| o ]adoek kr yr}zboe| ~bjaolrh eoy|kmehe|ee ~ahe|eib( biaoadeib e yaiekhb/ Kh|r}e lb eojhrbok dblerhre bs|b}o(ik~kie|k|bk kldeoey|}k|ez( iad~aobo| ~}eoie~kh k }bja}dbe yey|bdrhre kldeoey|}k|ez leo]adoek( k lb~eoy o dk}b dyr} lb ik}ki|b}ey|eiehb a}fkoepkeaokhb e eoy|e|reaokhb( ~}bird elb }byr}ybhb rdkob leo yey|bd/

Kiby|b }bkhe|e kr lbdaoy|}k| he~yk lb zeperob k jki|a}eha} lb lbiepeb o yboyrh eo|}alrib}ee}bja}dbha} yey|bdk|eib o kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh( lk} e he~yk lb lb|b}deok}b k kiby|a}k o}bkhepk}bk lb yicedm}e jrolkdbo|khb/ o ~}edrh }ol( by|b za}mk lb dalejei}ehb eoy|e|reaokhb ehbfeyhk|ezb( eoihryez ~}adazk}bk |}koy~k}bobe o ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha} e }bfhbdbo|k}b k}k~a}|r}eha} leo|}b oezbhr}ehb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib/ o kh laehbk }ol( a iad~aobo| lb mkp kjay| }bfhbdbo|k}bk y|k|r|rhre jroieaok}rhre ~rmhei( ik}b kia~b} a ~khb| hk}f lb ky~bi|b/ o|}bkiby|bk( dboeaod |}koy~k}bo|epk}bk ~}aibyrhre lb ybhbieb k jroieaok}eha}( lbjeoe}bk roa}i}e|b}ee ihk}b lb ~b}ja}dkoe ed~hbdbo|k}bk roa} ~}aiblr}e ihk}b lb daoe|a}epk}b e bzkhrk}b kki|eze|ee( ja}dk}bk iao|eor k jroieaok}eha} ~rmheie( ikhe|k|bk yb}zeieeha} jr}oepk|b i|}bmbobjeiek}e( o|}$ro irzo| ~}ajbyeaokhepk}bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib ibo|}khb e haikhb/

]bhkek ir mbobjeiek}ee by|b rok leo|}b ibhb lar dk}e dalkhe|e lb dyr}k}b k bjeiebobekldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib }adob|e( kh|r}e lb bjeiebok o bhkma}k}bk lb mrfb|b iaoja}db irobzaehb bsey|bo|b e k~heik}bk ha} o iaoybieo/ Ir k|| dke drh| hk oezbhrh kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib

haikhb( }bhkek ir ib|boee e ir ibhbhkh|b f}r~r}e eo|b}byk|b lb hk oezbh haikh |}bmreb y kem hk mkp|}koy~k}bok e iaoib~|rh lb ~k}|bob}ek|/ ]bja}dk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb k jay| fbob}k| o


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~}edrh }ol ~}eo kiibo|rh ~ry ~b lbyibo|}khepk}b( lbjeoe| l}b~| ro ~}aiby lb |}koyjb} lbkr|a}e|k|b e k|}emree lb hk oezbhrh ibo|}kh i|}b yrmoezbhr}ehb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib/

Dke iaoi}b|( ^}af}kdrh lb Frzb}ok}b =>>< =>>3 dboeaobkp( o ik~e|ahrh lby|eok| }bja}dbekldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib( bsey|bok k |}be amebi|ezb ~}eoie~khb0 }bja}dk yb}zeieeha} ~rmheib lb mkpek r|ehe|eha} ~rmheib lb eo|b}by haikh( iaoyahelk}bk ~}aibyrhre lb lbyibo|}khepk}b kldeoey|}k|eze

jeyikh e o|}e}bk ik~kie|ee eoy|e|reaokhb k y|}ri|r}eha} leo kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei ibo|}khk ehaikh/ o ~}ezeok lbyibo|}khep}ee( ^}af}kdrh dboeaobkp i eo|b}zboek kr|a}e|eha} ibo|}khb zkkzbk hai lak} iol lezb}yb ~}af}kdb ykr yb}zeiee or k} ~r|bk je ed~hbdbo|k|b ir }byr}yb haikhb elak} lb i|}b kr|a}e|ehb haikhb( hede|ol ky|jbh yjb}k lb eo|b}zboeb k ibo|}rhre lak} hk ye|rkeebsib~eaokhb/ ^}aibyrh lb lbyibo|}khepk}b o zeperobk kiby|re lairdbo| ~}af}kdk|ei yb mkpbkp~b |}be iad~aobo|b ~}eoie~khb0 o|}e}bk kr|aoadebe haikhb( lbyibo|}khepk}bk kldeoey|}k|ez elbyibo|}khepk}bk jeyikh/

Kzol l}b~| da|ezkee }blrib}bk icbh|rebheha}( i}b|b}bk bjeiebobe o jr}oepk}bk yb}zeieeha} ~rmheib~}eo |}bib}bk ha} o }by~aoykmehe|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb e d}e}bk jhbsemehe|ee ~}eo

k~}a~eb}bk ki|rhre lb lbiepeb lb mbobjeiek}e( lbyibo|}khepk}bk kia}l a ed~a}|ko lbaybme|kr|a}e|eha} haikhb ~}eo d}e}bk iao|}ahrhre kiby|a}k kyr~}k }byr}ybha} ~}a~}ee e kyr~}kyb}zeieeha} ~rmheib jr}oepk|b/ Ir |ak|b kiby|bk( iadroe|ehb deie( ir }byr}yb jeyikhb ~}a~}eeeoyrjeiebo|b( yro| o ye|rkek lb k or mbobjeiek lb ~b r}dk lbyibo|}khep}ee( k|| |ed~ i|}bprh|k|bhb lb~eol( o ibk dke dk}b ~k}|b( lb dyr}k o ik}b kldeoey|}keehb ~rmheib haikhb ~a|obfaiek ir kr|a}e|ehb ibo|}khb/

o kma}lk}bk a}ei}a} ky~bi|b khb ~}amhbdk|eiee }bja}dbe kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib o ]adoek(lbzeob bzelbo| jk~|rh i }ahrh eo|bf}}ee br}a~bob e obibye|k|bk kla~|}ee ki{rey$rhre iadroe|k}by|b rorh ybdoejeik|ez/ oi leo ;552( Iaoyeherh Br}a~bko }broe| hk Dkl}el k kiibo|rk| }ahrh

~}eda}lekh kh k`ry|}ee y|}ri|r}ee kldeoey|}k|ezb ~bo|}r olb~heoe}bk i}e|b}eeha} lb klb}k}b/ Rh|b}ea}(jebik}b }k~a}| kh Iadeyebe Br}a~bob k jir| }bjb}e}b hk ky~bi|bhb obfk|ezb yr}zboe|b leoo|}peb}bk }bja}dbe kldeoey|}k|ezb e hk ik~kie|k|bk kldeoey|}k|ez hede|k|( iad~aobo|byboekh k }bja}dbe kldeoey|}k|ezb e obhbky l}b~| a daoe|a}epk}b k dalrhre lb jroieaok}b ky|}ri|r}ee kldeoey|}k|ezb leo ]adoek/

Leoiaha lb kiby|b ky~bi|b |bcoeib e lb ik~kie|k|bk kldeoey|}k|ez( leyirek r}d|ak}b zk hrk oiaoyelb}k}b dalrh o ik}b y~kerh br}a~bko y$k iaoy|e|re| o|}$ro y~ker oa}dk|ez( k i}reed~a}|ko |}bmreb obhbkye lb kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh kr|ac|ao/ o ~hry( za} je kma}lk|b~}eoie~khbhb }bfhbdbo|}e khb ~k}|eie~}ee ib|boeha} hk hrk}bk lbiepeeha}( ir yia~rh lb k

jrolkdbo|k bzkhrk}bk leo ~k}|bk k lark k kiby|re }k~a}|/

=/ Zkha}ehb br}a~bob jrolkdbo| kh lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb

Oaeroehb lb zkha}e br}a~bob e ib|boeb ykr elbo|e|k|b br}a~bko yro| eo|b}iaobi|k|b e krlbzboe| |a| dke ed~a}|ko|b ~b kfbolk ~rmhei o koee ;55>( a lk| ir lbpdbdm}k}bk dk}eha}bo|e|e jaolk|b ~b i}e|b}ee elbahafeib( }beozbo|k}bk lbdai}kebe o y|k|bhb ~ay|$iadroey|b(~}byeroehb kyr~}k ib|boebe leo ~k}|bk edef}koeha} e k }bjrfekeha}( fhamkhepk}bk biaoadei(b}alk}bk y|k|rhre$okerob( kf}kzk}bk lbjeie|rhre lbdai}k|ei kh eoy|e|reeha} lbdai}k|eib e

}blrib}bk ~}af}byez k }k|be lb ~k}|eie~k}b hk khbfb}e ykr hk lbpmk|b}ehb iezeib;/

;Ibpk} M}pbk( Ib|boek br}a~bko( Ble|r}k ^ahe|bek( YOY^K( =>>2( ~/ 6/


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5

K}frdbo|ol o yboyrh bsey|bobe roa} zkha}e hk oezbh br}a~bko( Fremb}okr y|kmehb|b a hey| lbieoie ik}ki|b}ey|eie ik}b kr eojhrbok| kiby| ~}aiby0

dbda}ek ey|a}ei k ibha} lar }pmakeb daolekhb7

bs~b}ebok ed~b}eeha} iahaoekhb7

bdb}fbok robe irh|r}e ~ahe|eib |}koyokeaokhb7

k~k}eek roa} de`hakib lb iao|by|k}b ib }bihkd a oar a}leob yaiekh7

fhamkhepk}bk=/

^bo|}r ihk}ejeik}bk |b}dborhre jahaye| bsibyez e o yboyr}e lby|rh lb zkfe( roee kr|a}e kriaoyelb}k| i oaerobk lb zkha}e br}a~bob b r|ehepk| o ~}eoie~kh o |}be yboyr}e0

zkha}e jrolkdbo|khb( lb mkp( ik}b y|kr hk mkpk ja}d}ee Iadroe|ee Br}a~bob/ Kiby|bk kra zkhak}b ~ahe|ei( oy yro| yrjeiebo| lb iaoi}b|b ~bo|}r k je eo|}alryb o |}k|k|b7

lezb}yb ~apeee elbahafeib( ik}b k~k} dke khby o iao|bs|rh lbpmk|b}ee lby~}b elbo|e|k|bkbr}a~bko/ Kiby|bk yb }bjb} dke khby hk iaozeofb}ehb eolezelrkhb e or ik~k| lbi| jak}|b}k} zkhak}b hbfkh/

zkha}ehb kjhk|b hk mkpk ki{rey$rhre iadroe|k} o ~}ezeok iaoib~|bha} lb ~}a|bieb kl}b~|r}eha} adrhre e k hemb}|eha} jrolkdbo|khb( ladoek hbfee( hemb}|k|b ykrlbdai}keb/9

Kiby|b |}be |e~r}e lb zkha}e bsey|bo|b hk oezbhrh RB yro| lejb}e|b o |b}dboe lb amyb}zk}b(daoe|a}epk}b( iao|}ah ykr f}kl lb iaoyboy hk oezbhrh ib|boeha} Roeroee/ Icek} e o ~}ezeokrh|edrh |e~( kh ~}eoie~eeha} hbfkhb iadrob( oezbhrh iaoyboyrhre by|b rorh }blry/ o fbob}kh( RBby|b lbyi}ey l}b~| a bo|e|k|b i}bek( hk oezbh ~ahe|ei( e he~yb|b iaoyboyrh kyr~}k zkha}eha}( ek} leo~roi| lb zblb}b hbfkh( by|b ladeok| lb a drh|e|rleob lb ki|a}e( oezbhb e zkha}e/

Kklk}( lezb}ye|k|bk by|b a ik}ki|b}ey|ei lb mkp k Roeroee leo ~roi|rh lb zblb}b kh zkha}eha}ek}( lb drh|b a}e by|b( iaoyelb}k| a zkhak}b o yeob( ik}b by|b }bfye| o dbikoeydbhb lb kfk}ko|k elbo|e|ehb okeaokhb o kibhke |ed~ ir }biroak|b}bk robe elbo|e|e br}a~bob( lk} e o

zeperobk ~aheibo|}ei kyr~}k Roeroee/

oi lb hk ja}dk}bk yk( Roerobk Br}a~bko k jay| yr~ry ayiehkebe o|}b k je lak} ro y~ker khiaa~b}}ee biaoadeib e ed~rhyrhre lb |}koyja}dk}b o|}$a bo|e|k|b ~ahe|eie zkha}ei/ Leyirek

lby~}b oa}dbhb bsey|bo|b hk oezbh br}a~bko k jay| ladeok| oy( icek} e okeo|b lb iaoy|e|re}bkIadroe|ee Br}a~bob( lb obord}k|b leyiree o ~}ezeok zkha}eha} e k oa}dbha} iadrob/

Lbe eoeekh k jay| mkpk| y|}ei| ~b iaa~b}k}bk o ladboerh biaoadei( |}b~|k| y$k ~ry leo ib o ibdke drh| ~}amhbdk l}b~|r}eha} ~ahe|eib( k zkha}eha} ik}b jrolkdbo|bkp iaa~b}k}bk y|k|bha} oikl}rh Roeroee( k zkha}eha} br}a~bob/ Ik}b yro| zkha}ehb ik}b y|kr hk mkpk lbdai}k ebe br}a~bob1Bsey| ro iaoib~| lb ib|boeb br}a~bko1 Ik}b yro| l}b~|r}ehb e }by~aoykmehe|ehb ib|boeha}Roeroee Br}a~bob1 Roe|k|bk ~ahe|ei ik b|k~ rh|b}eak} ibhbe biaoadeib k ~}byr~ry ibh ~reo

= Fremb}okr ie|k| o Ibpk} M}pbk(Emel/9Fkm}ebh \affb}omr}f( \cb Lbmk|b ao Br}a~bko Zkhrby kol |cb Ikyb aj Irh|r}kh Lezb}ye|u( Br}a~bko Lezb}ye|u kolKr|aoadu ^k~b}( ;$=>>


11/42

;>

|}be oae bhbdbo|b0 y|k|rh yr~}kokeaokh( ~b}yaokhe|k|bk `r}elei k Roeroee e a oarelbo|e|k|b zkha}ei iahbi|ez>;( e~o hk Iaozboek Br}a~bko o ikl}rh i}bek y$k }blki|k| ~}aebi|rh lb \}k|k| Iaoy|e|reaokh(by|b |a| dke bzelbo| oib}ik}bk lb k lbjeoe a yb}eb lb zkha}e lb mkp khb Roeroee Br}a~bob e lbk kma}lk icby|erobk iaoy|}riebe elbo|e|k}b hk oezbh yr~}kokeaokh/

Roejeik}bk br}a~bko( oi lb hk oib~r|( k ~ry kiibo|rh ~b korde|b ~}eoie~ee( ra} lb elbo|ejeik|o leyir}yrh br}a~bko hk dke drh|b oezbhr}e0 lb hk hedmk`rh |}k|k|bha}( hk leyir}yr}ehb}b~}bpbo|koee eoy|e|reeha} br}a~bob ykr |}koy~ry o ~ahe|eiehb ~}adazk|b lb$k hrofrh |ed~rhre/o|}b kiby|bk( ~kibk( ~}ay~b}e|k|bk e yahelk}e|k|bk yb kjh hk mkpk iaoy|}riebe br}a~bob e

ja}dbkp ~roi|rh lb ~a}oe}b kh roa} ~ahe|eie ~}bird ^ahe|eik lb iabperob ykr ^ahe|eik Bs|b}oelb Ybir}e|k|b Iadro/

Dke drh| lbi| k||(kh|b zkha}e lby eozaik|b yro|0 roe|k|bk( bfkhe|k|bk( hemb}|k|bk( y|k|rh lbl}b~|( ~y|}k}bk elbo|e|ee e |}kleeeha} okeaokhb( |ahb}kok( e ~hr}kheydrh/ ]dob oylb leyir|k| dalrh o ik}b kiby|b zkha}e yro| ibhb ik}b da|ezbkp lbiepeehb y|k|bha} br}a~bob ykrlki bhb yro| ~}bpbo|b o eo|b}kierobk ~b ik}b RB a k}b ir kh|b y|k|b e bo|e|e eo|b}okeaokhb/

=/;/ Ick}|k Br}a~bko k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb

Ick}|k Jrolkdbo|kh k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb y$k ~}aihkdk| o |ed~rh IaoyeherhreBr}a~bko lb hk Oeyk leo korh =>>>/ ^bo|}r ~}edk lk| lb hk i}bk}bk Iadroe|ee BiaoadeibBr}a~bob o ;526( Ik}|k lbyi}eb koykdmhrh l}b~|r}eha} yaiekhb( biaoadeib( iezehb e ~ahe|eib lbik}b mbobjeiekp |ae ib|boee br}a~boe/

Ick}|k }bjhbi| l}b~|r}ehb( ~}eoie~eehb e zkha}ehb ~b ik}b eoy|e|reehb RB |}bmreb y hb ek oiaoyelb}k}b k|roie iol iaoy|}rebyi e k~hei hbfeyhkek br}a~bko/ Lbe lbaikdlk| or k jay|eo|bf}k| o |}k|k|bhb RB( bk k jay| eo|bf}k| o ~}aebi|rh lb \}k|k| iaoy|e|reaokh kh RB/

Ick}|k by|b lezepk| o kyb ik~e|ahb0 lbdoe|k|bk( hemb}|ehb( bfkhe|k|bk( yahelk}e|k|bk(ib|boek e `ry|eek/ Dke drh| lbi| ro lairdbo| yeo|b|epk|a} kh l}b~|r}eha} }biroayir|bib|boeha} leo eo|b}ea}rh Roeroee( Ick}|k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb }bjhbi| ro yb| lb zkha}ekf}bk|b hk oezbh br}a~bko/

Ik}|k bs~rob( o|}$ro yeofr} |bs|( koykdmhrh l}b~|r}eha} lb ik}b mbobjeiekp |ae ib|boeebr}a~boe0

l}b~|r}e iezehb0 l}b~|r}ehb adrhre e l}b~|rh hk `ry|eeb( fk}ko|k|b lb IaozboekBr}a~bko k L}b~|r}eha} Adrhre kla~|k| lb Iaoyeherh Br}a~be7

l}b~|r}e ~ahe|eib0 ik}b lb}ez leo ib|boek br}a~bko y|kmehe| ~}eo \}k|k|b7

>2( ~/ 6/


12/42

;;

l}b~|r}e yaiekhb e biaoadeib0 ik}b eoihrl l}b~|r}ehb y|kmehe|b lb Ik}|kIadroe|k} k L}b~|r}eha} Yaiekhb khb Droie|a}eha}( kla~|k| ~b 5 lbibdm}eb ;535hk yrdde|$rh lb hk Y|}kymar}f kh bjeha} lb y|k| e frzb}o leo Y|k|bhb Dbdm}b( yrmja}dk robe Lbihk}kee/

Kklk}( Ick}|k Br}a~bko k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb ~}aihkd zkha}e ~}bird ~}a|biekl}b~|r}eha} e hemb}|eha} jrolkdbo|khb( l}b~|rh hk zek( hemb}|k|bk( lbdoe|k|bk(bfkhe|k|bk lb koyb o|}b jbdbe e m}mke( yahelk}e|k|b( blrikek( ~}a|biek dblerhre edmro|e}bk ikhe|ee zebee( ~}a|biek ia~eeha}2/

=/=/ ^}aebi|rh lb Iaoy|e|reb Br}a~bko

Iaozboek ~}ezeol Zee|a}rh Br}a~be leo =>>9 =>>>2 o J}kok e Ahkolk( zee|a}rh kiby|re lairdbo| k jay| eoib}| ~o hk }broerobkIaoyeherhre Br}a~bko leo eroeb =>>6( ik}b k lbiey }bja}drhk}bk |}k|k|rhre iaoy|e|reaokh o|}$ro

\}k|k| lb ]bja}d/ Kiby|b dalejei}e kr jay| k~}amk|b o ai|adm}eb =>>6( ~}eo ibbk ib zklbzboe \}k|k|rh lb hk Heykmaok ~}eo }k|ejeik}bk leo lbibdm}eb/ Eo|}alriol dalejei}eyrmy|koekhb hk oezbhrh dalrhre lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha} lb i|}b eoy|e|reehb br}a~bob( \}k|k|rhdboeob oy kiibo|rh ~ry ~b k~}k}bk l}b~|r}eha} jrolkdbo|khb e( alk| ir eo|}k}bk o zefak}b kkiby|re lairdbo|( Ick}|k Br}a~bko k L}b~|r}eha} Jrolkdbo|khb zk lbzboe amhefk|a}eb ~bo|}ry|k|bhb dbdm}b RB/ \a|alk|( k jay|( lb kybdbobk( eoihry ro ~}a|aiah o ik}b yb ~}biepbkp ilairdbo|rh }k|ejeik| or zk i}bk oae l}b~|r}e yaiekhb e yeoleikhb( lbe yro| eoihryb ~}eoie~ee}bjb}e|ak}b hk bice|k|bk ~b ~ekk droiee ykr l}b~|rh hk yo|k|bk droiee ykr eoy|}re}b/

2Ik}|k br}a~bko k l}b~|r}eha} jrolkdbo|khb0 Ro |bs| byboekh ~bo|}r l}b~|r}ehb yaiekhb e yeoleikhb(c||~0!!vvv/b|ri/a}f!}!=36:

\}k|k|rh lb eoy|e|re}b k robe Iaoy|e|ree ~bo|}r Br}a~k( Eoy|e|r|rh Br}a~bko leo ]adoek( lbibdm}eb =>>


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;=

9/ Zkha}ehb br}a~bob o kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh

9/;/ Br}a~boepk}bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb

Jebik}b kldeoey|}keb ~rmhei k}b l}b~| yia~ ~}eoie~kh mrok fby|eaok}b k obibye|eha} e

}bpahzk}bk ~}amhbdbha} dbdm}eha} iadroe|ee k i}a} zaeo a }b~}bpeo|/ oy( o iao|bs|rhklb}}ee hk Roerobk Br}a~bko( yb iao|r}bkp a ledboyerob br}a~bko k ~ahe|eieha} ~rmheib(leoiaha lb dalejei}ehb ~}alryb hk oezbh lb y|}ri|r}e khb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib/ Kklk}( leo kiby|~roi| lb zblb}b( kma}lk}bk e leyir|k}bk zkha}eha} br}a~bob ik}b kr ed~ki| kyr~}k ki|eze|eekldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb by|b byboekh/

Roee kr|a}e kr bordb}k| dalejei}ehb ~}eoie~khb ~b ik}b klb}k}bk hk y|}ri|r}ehb br}a~bob hb$k~}alry hk oezbhrh kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib0

bjee lb y|k|b e frzb}ob e$kr eoy|e|re| ~}a~}eehb y|}ri|r}e lb bs~b}|ep e kokhep k

~ahe|eieha} br}a~bob #lb bsbd~hr( Ybi}b|k}ek|rh Br}a~bko o Dk}bk M}e|koeb%7 deoe|}ee lb }bya}| iao|}emreb le}bi| hk ki|eze|k|bk iade|b|bha} y~biekhepk|b khb Iaoyeherhre

e eo|b}kieaobkp iao|eorr ir adahafee ha} br}a~boe7

iaa}laok}bk ~ahe|eieha} ~}a$br}a~bob hk oezbh okeaokh yb jkib jeb ibo|}khepk|( ~}eoy|}ri|r}e eo|b}lb~k}|kdbo|khb iaa}laok|b lb ~}edrh deoey|}r #J}kok( Yrblek(Lkobdk}ik%( jeb ~}eo iade|b|b bs|b}eak}b kldeoey|}kebe ibo|}khb #E|khek( Fb}dkoek(Mbhfek%7

o jebik}b deoey|b}( ir bsib~ek Y~koebe( y$kr ojeeok| roe|e eo|b}ob lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k~ahe|eieha} br}a~bob7

o ed~hbdbo|k}bk br}a~boep}ee by|b ed~heik| o y~biekh bsbir|ezrh( ibbk ib lrib hk lb~k}hkdbo|k}epk}bk ~ahe|eieha} ~rmheib7 y$kr iaoy|e|re| deoey|b}b y~biekhepk|b o eo|bf}k}bk br}a~bko lk} ik}b( ir bsib~ek

J}kobe( kr ro }ah deoa} o ikl}rh ikmeob|bha}7

y$kr eoy|khk| deyeroe ~b}dkobo|b ~b hof Iadeyeb/6

Leoiaha lb kiby|b eojhrbob fbob}khb kyr~}k kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib( by|b ir k|| dke ed~a}|ko| lbkokhepk| zkha}ehb br}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikh e dalbhbhb lb mrob ~}ki|eie leo Roerobk

Br}a~bko( ~a}oeol lb hk ~}bdeyk ed~ki|rhre ~r|b}oei ~b ik}b ki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheibhaikhb h k}b kyr~}k ib|boeha}/

^by|b |a| o hrdb bsey| kldeoey|}kee haikhb bjeiebo|b e kldeoey|}kee haikhb eobjeiebo|b/ Yriibyrhykr eoyriibyrh ha} k jay| bs~heik| lb yaieahafe leo dke drh|b ~b}y~bi|ezb0 kiibyrh hk }byr}ybjeokoiek}b( y|ehr}ehb dkokfb}ekhb ~}ki|eik|b( yey|bdbhb da|ezkeaokhb( ie}irhkek eoja}dkeeha}(|e~r}ehb lb iadroeik}b jahaye|b( }bhkeehb ~ahe|eib r|ehepk|b/

o rh|edk ~b}eakl oy( ib}ib|}ehb eo|b}okeaokhb kr k}|k| i kldeoey|}keehb lb yriiby yro| ibhbik}b k}daoepbkp i| dke drh| zkha}ehb ha} ir ibhb iadroe|k}b/ Leo kibky| ~b}y~bi|ez(lejb}bobhb leo|}b eoy|e|reehb ~rmheib yb bs~hei ~}eo lejb}bobhb irh|r}khb leo|}b iadroe|e3/

6 I/ M}pbk( a~/ ie|/( ~/ ;>2/3 Eoir}yerob o ~yeca$yaieahafek kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb leo ]adoek( o K|e|rleoe e zkha}e o kldeoey|}kek~rmhei haikh( Ble|r}k MIY( =>>;/


14/42

;9

Ik e o ibhbhkh|b }e yr~ryb }bfedr}eha} |a|khe|k}b( kldeoey|}keehb haikhb leo ]adoek yb kjhkr( o;55>( hk kibhke oezbh ykr hk oezbhr}e k~}a~ek|b lb lbpzah|k}b/ Ibo|}kheydrh e bfkhe|k}eydrh kr jay|

zkha}e k~}biek|b koe olbhrofke icek} e lr~ ilb}bk iadroeydrhre/ o zblb}bk }blrib}ee~}amhbdbha}( kr|a}e|ehb ibo|}khb kr kla~|k| o rh|edee koe a yb}eb lb hbfe( ca|}}e e a}laokobo ordbhb roa} zkha}e ~bo|}r ik}b y$kr ~r}|k| yb}eakyb m|hee ~ahe|eib0 lbyibo|}khepk}b(kr|aoadeb( ~}ezk|epk}b( ~}a~}eb|k|b( b|i/ K~heik}bk kiby|a} hbfe or k kzr| bjbi|rh yiao|k|0

lbpzah|k}bk( ed~heik}bk e ~k}|eie~k}bk ib|boeha}( |}koy~k}bo( bice|k|b( }bo|kmehe|k|b/Dalb}oepk}bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb k}b lar iad~aobo|b0 rok ck}l( eoy|e|reaokherok yaj|( irh|r}kh$zkha}ei( ik}b ~}byr~rob kla~|k}bk roa} yb|r}e lb zkha}e kyefr}ol e~k}|eie~k}bk ib|bobkyi hk ja}drhk}bk zkha}eha}( iad~k|emehe|k|bk o|}b kldeoey|}keb e~a~rhkeb/ ^}eoie~khbhb zkha}e hk ik}b yb jkib }bjb}e}b leok iby| ~roi| lb zblb}b yro|0 y~e}e|rhiezei( iaa~b}k}bk( y~e}e|rh iadroe|k}( lbdai}kek ~k}|eie~k|ez( ik~kie|k|bk lblbpzah|k}b iadroe|k} ~}eo k|}kfb}bk lb eozby|eee ~}ezk|b ykr ~rmheib( |}koy~k}bok b|i/

9/=/ \}koy~k}bok ki|rhre lbiepeaokh

He~yk |}koy~k}bobe lbiepeaokhb }elei mk}eb}b ybdoejeik|ezb o|}b kr|a}e|ehb ~rmheib haikhb eib|boe e lb|b}deo( ~}eo|}b kh|bhb( a oi}blb}b yipr| o ki|rh lbiepeaokh( ik}b e ~eb}lbhbfe|ede|k|bk ~}eo dalejei}e yriibyezb o kmybok iaoyrh|}eha} ~rmheib/

^}eoie~erh |}koy~k}bobe e( o ~k}|eirhk}( bsey|bok robe hbfe k |}koy~k}bobe o kldeoey|}kek~rmhei haikh( yro| elbe jak}|b zkha}epk|b hk oezbh br}a~bko e kr l}b~| da|ezkee ~}eoie~khbed~heik}bk mbobjeiek}eha} jeokhe o dalrh o ik}b ~ahe|eiehb ~rmheib ik}b e ~}ezbyi( eoja}dk}bklezb}ybha} ~rmheir}e$eo| ~bo|}r k fbob}k a ed~heik}b ybdoejeik|ez e iab}bo| leo ~k}|bk

kiby|a}k( ~}bird e kyefr}k}bk bsey|bobe ~roi|bha} lb zblb}b khb ibha} kjbi|ke lb a korde|~ahe|ei/

o iaoybieo( |}koy~k}bok by|b o dal ihk} hbfk| lb a oaerob k ~k}|eie~}ee ib|bob|e( ik}b~}byr~rob o kibhke |ed~ a iad~k|emehe|k|b k zkha}eha} kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb e khbib|boeha} o yboyrh bsey|bobe rore lbdb}y lb eoihrlb}b k obzaeha} e zkha}eha} eolezepeha} eiadroe|ee o hrk}bk lbiepeeha} hk oezbh haikh/

Kiby|b elbe yro| lb|khek|b o lar leo|}b lairdbo|bhb lb mkp bsey|bo|b hk oezbhrh RoeroeeBr}a~bob e kh Iaoyeherhre Br}a~bko e ik}b za} je lbyi}eyb dke `ay( ir kiibo| lbaybme| ~ry ~b~k}|eie~k}b ib|bobkyie mro frzb}ok}b/

9/9/ }adazk}bk iad~a}|kdbo|bha} ko|}b~boa}ekhb

^bo|}r Ayma}ob e Fkbmhb}( a mro frzb}ok}b haikh lb |e~ ko|}b~boa}ekh k}b hk mkp r}d|ak}bhb~}eoie~ee0

Lbyibo|}khepbkp kr|a}e|k|bk( ~}adazol iaolrib}bk ~k}|eie~k|ez7

d~r|b}oeib|b ib|boee ~}eo dr|k}bk iao|}ahrhre leo dok me}ai}kebe o ibk kiadroe|ee7

Yb ibo|}bkp or ~b ajb}e}bk lb yb}zeiee ~rmheib ie ~b ik|khepk}bk kieroee |r|r}a}

ybi|ak}bha} $ ~rmheib( ~}ezk|b e zahro|k}b $ ~bo|}r k }bpahzk ~}amhbdbhb iadroe|ee7 ^}adazbkp iad~b|eek o|}b ajb}|koee lb yb}zeiee7


15/42

;;%;5%

Lairdbo|rh kla~|k| o =>>; lb Iade|b|rh lb Deoe|}e leo ikl}rh Iaoyeherhre Br}a~be }brob|b~}eoie~khbhb dbikoeydb khb ed~hbdbo|}ee lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb ~b ~hko haikh e bordb}k

dalkhe|ehb byboekhb lb kyefr}k}b k y|kolk}lbha} deoedb o kibky| ~}ezeo/Yedehk} lairdbo|rhre bsey|bo| hk oezbhrh Roeroee Br}a~bob( lbyi}ey ko|b}ea}( yro| lbyi}eyb~}eoie~eehb ik}b jrolkdbo|bkp ~k}|eie~k}bk ib|bobkyi hk oezbh haikh0

Fk}ko|k}bk l}b~|r}eha} ib|boeha} lb k kzbk kiiby hk eoja}dkee ihk}b e lb|khek|blby~}b ~}amhbdb lb eo|b}by o iadroe|k|bk haikh

Ir|k}bk lb oae ie lb k dmro|e ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} e ~}adazk}bk robe irh|r}elbdai}k|eib d~}|e| lb iadroe|e e lb kr|a}e|ehb haikhb

Lbpzah|k}bk y~e}e|rhre lb k~k}|bobo e oir}k`k}bk ib|boeha} lb k lbzboe

}by~aoykmehe ~bo|}r iadroe|k|b Kia}lk}bk robe k|boee lbaybme|b iadroei}ee o|}b kr|a}e|ehb ~rmheib e ib|boe e

oir}k`k}bk helb}eha} haikhe lb k ~}adazk ~k}|eie~k}bk ib|bobkyi Kla~|k}bk robe zeperoe kd~hb kyr~}k kiby|re |e~ lb ~k}|eie~k}b( o iaoja}de|k|b ir

lbdai}kek le}bi| ~ayemeh hk oezbh haikh( lk} e ir ~}eoie~eehb lbdai}kebe}b~}bpbo|k|ezb

Kia}lk}bk robe k|boee lbaybme|b f}r~r}eha} lb ib|boe ir lejeirh|e lb ed~heik}b ozekk haikh

]biroak|b}bk rore }ah ed~a}|ko| ~bo|}r kyaiekee e f}r~r}e lb ib|boe( ik}b ~a|lbzboe ~k}|bob}e icbeb o yryeob}bk robe irh|r}e k ~k}|eie~}ee

Lbpzah|k}bk yicedmrhre lb eoja}dkee ir ~}eze}b hk ibhb dke mrob ~}ki|eie o ladboerh~k}|eie~}ee e y~}e`eoe}bk kr|a}e|eha} haikhb o ed~hbdbo|k}bk ibha} dke mrobeoy|}rdbo|b lb y|edrhk}b k ed~hei}ee ib|boeha}

Ky|jbh( ro }ah byboekh o ~}adazk}bk ~k}|eie~}ee ib|bob|e by|b }biroayir| kr|a}e|eha} haikhbo iao|bs|rh lbyibo|}khep}ee( ek} ~ayemehe|ehb lb ed~heik}b ir~}eol k~heik}bk db|albha} lbblrik}b ja}dkhe oao$ja}dkh( dmro|e}bk |}koy~k}bobe o dalrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha} e kdb|albha} lb iadroeik}b ir ~rmheirh( ed~heik}bk mbobjeiek}eha} o lejb}e|b y|kfee khb ~}aibyrhre lbhrk}b k lbiepeeha} e lbpzah|k}bk lb dbikoeydb bjeiebo|b lb jbbl$mkig//


17/42

;:

2/ Iaoihrpee

Lairdbo|bhb bsey|bo|b hk oezbh br}a~bko }b~}bpeo| ro ~roi| lb ~hbik}b ybdoejeik|ez odmro|e}bk dalrhre lb }bhkeaok}b k kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb ir mbobjeiek}ee ye jeokhe/ oyk~heik}bk iab}bo| k ~}eoie~eeha} lbdai}kebe ~k}|eie~k|ezb or ~ak|b kzbk hai o kjk}k lbjeoe}eebski|b k iaoleeeha} haikhb y~biejeib( eolriol |}koyja}d}e oybdok|b icek} o ikl}rh }bferoeha}

ik}b d~}|byi |}y|r}e yey|bdeib yedehk}b/

o ierlk kiby|re jk~|( ed~a}|kok kia}l}ee k|boebe ed~hbdbo|}ee roa} y|kolk}lb deoedb lbed~heik}b k ib|boeha} o dalrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha} hk oezbh haikh zk je elbbk ibo|}kh k ~}eeybirolb k kiby|re }k~a}|/


18/42

;6

K]\BKEE^}aebi|b lb kierob haikh( lbyi}eb}b( dalbhb lb mro~}ki|ei( }biadkol}e

;/ Iaoyelb}kee fbob}khb lby~}b ~}aebi|rh Zkha}e br}a~bob ofrzb}ok}bk haikh

Kibky| kokhep k dalbhbha} lb kierob haikh k jay| }bkhepk| o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre Zkha}ebr}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikh( lbyjr}k| o|}b lbibdm}eb =>>: e oaebdm}eb =>>6 e ik}b e$k~}a~ry i}b|b}bk f}klrhre lb kyrdk}b lb i|}b khbee haikhe leo ;= haikhe|e k zkha}eha} br}a~bobik}b y|kr hk mkpk ~}eoie~eeha} lb mro ~}ki|ei o frzb}ok}bk haikh( o yboyrh k~}a~eb}ee ki|rhrekldeoey|}k|ez lb dalbhbhb br}a~bob lb frzb}ok}b/

Haikhe|ehb o ik}b y$k lb}rhk| ~}aebi|rh kr jay|0 ^rieakyk #Ldmazek%( Zahro|k}e #Ehjaz%( Mhb`ae#^}kcazk%( Yhamapek M}klrhre( Zo|a}e #Z}koibk%( Zepe}r #M}ehk%( Jah|b|e #Fkhke%( \bice}fceah#Iaoy|kok%( J}bibe #\rhibk%( Hrepe Ihrf}k( Cbdber #Mkir% e Dechboe #Ma|akoe%/

^}aebi|rh lb jk e$k ~}a~ry y k`rof hk ib|bko e y e k|}kf e dboeo eo|b}byrh jk lbklb}k}bk ]adoebe hk Roerobk Br}a~bko ~}eo kma}lk}bk roa} ~}amhbdb ik}b ~}ezbyi le}bi|~}a~}ek zek e iadroe|k|bk leo ik}b kiby|k jkib ~k}|b/ o ~hry( `ry|ejeik}bk ybhbiebe kiby|a}iadroe|e k}b hk mkp y|rleehb iaoja}d i}a}k bsey| a lejb}boeb}b ikhe|k|ez leo ~b}y~bi|ezk

f}klrhre lb eoja}dk}b o jkzak}bk }bferoeha} zby|eib khb ]adoebe/

^a}oeol lb hk obzaek }eleik| lb eoja}dk}b ir ~}eze}b hk ky~bi|bhb eoy|e|reaokhb( ~ahe|eib( yaiekhbe biaoadeib khb klb}}ee ]adoebe hk Roerobk Br}a~bko( ~}eoie~khbhb amebi|ezb khb kiby|re~}aebi| kr jay|0

I}b|b}bk oezbhrhre lb eoja}dk}b o }olrh k >> lb eoy|e|ree ~rmheib haikhb e ~rmheirhre hk}f/

Bhkma}k}bk e ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkor}eha} lb kierob haikh( ki|eze|e ibo|}khb khb ~}aebi|rhre( krjay| lbyjr}k|b lb bice~bhb lb hri}r lb hk oezbhrh jebi}be kldeoey|}kee ~rmheib haikhb( kyey|k|b lbiaa}laok|a}rh haikh kh Kyaiekebe ^}a Lbdai}kek/ K|| o jkpk lb bhkma}k}b( i| e ibk lb


19/42

;3

ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkor}eha} lb kierob( y$k kia}lk| a k|boeb lbaybme| ~k}|eie~}ee ib|boeha} hky|kmehe}bk ~}ea}e|eha} haikhe|ee ~}eo k~heik}bk robe yb}ee lb eoy|}rdbo|b y~biejeib iaoyrh|}ee/

Lb kybdbobk( ~b ~b}eaklk ~}aibyrhre lb bhkma}k}b e ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~}aebi|rhre( k jay| kzr| ozblb}b e ~}adazk}bk zkha}eha} br}a~bob k~heik|b o kierobk iadroe|k}( ~}eo eo|b}dblerheo|b}kieroeha} ~b ik}b bice~bhb lb ~}aebi| hb$kr kzr| ir ib|boee( jeb o ~}aibyb lb iaoyrh|k}b

~bo|}r elbo|ejeik}bk ~}amhbdbha} ~}ea}e|k}b leo iadroe|k|b( jeb o ikl}rh ja}dbha} dke~b}yey|bo|b lb lekhaf iadroe|k}/

=/ Iaoyelb}kee db|alahafeib

Dalrh lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkor}eha} lb kierob iadroe|k} k jay| r}d}e| ~}eo lbyjr}k}bk klar ybyeroe lb bzkhrk}b0 rok eo|b}dblek} e rok jeokh/ Ybyerobk eo|b}dblek} k kzr| hai hkyj}e|rh ~b}eaklbe lb bhkma}k}b k ~hkor}eha} lb kierob haikh( dadbo| o ik}b k jay| fbob}k|b|k~k lb ed~hbdbo|k}b ~}a~}er$pey/ Ybyerobk jeokh k jay| lbyjr}k| hk oicbeb}bk

ed~hbdbo|}ee ibha} ;= ~hkor}e e k kzr| o zblb}b bsey|bok roa} i}e|b}ee lb zkhelk}b e lb~b}ja}dko/

o }bkhepk}bk }k~a}|rhre kr jay| ~k}ir}yb r}d|ak}bhb b|k~b0

K/ ^hkoejeik}bk zepe|bha} lb hri}r

o kibky| b|k~0

y$k y|kmehe| daoe|a}epk}bk ~hkor}eha} lb kierob haikh }bkhepk|b o jebik}b haikhe|k|b o zblb}bkelbo|ejei}ee0

a dalrhre o ik}b dbdm}ee bice~bha} lb ed~hbdbo|k}b leo jebik}b haikhe|k|b eiaa}laok|a}ee K^L e$kr lbjeoe| e kyrdk| }ahr}e y~biejeib o }bkhepk}bk ki|eze|eha}~}a~ryb7

a ~b}ib~ebe }b~}bpbo|koeha} kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb kyr~}k }ahrhre e ed~a}|kobeib|boeha} o ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkor}eha} }bkhepk|b7

a f}klrhre lb k~}bieb}b k r|ehe|ee ~}aebi|rhre leo ~k}|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb7

a |e~rhre lb }bhkee bsey|bo|b o|}b bice~bhb haikhb e ib|boee leo haikhe|ehb o ik}b yblbyjak} ~}aebi|rh7

y$k y|kmehe| ib }byr}yb yro| ed~heik|b o bzkhrk}b( ird za} je jahaye|b }bprh|k|bhb7

k jay| }bkhepk| ro fcel lb eo|b}zer ik eoy|}rdbo| lb hri}r7

kr jay| y|kmehe|b i}e|b}eehb lb bzkhrk}b7

y$k }bkhepk| ~hkoejeik}b zepe|bha} lb hri}r o jebik}b haikhe|k|b ed~heik| o ~}aebi|/

M/ Lbyjr}k}bk ~}a~}er$pey k zepe|bha}

^r|bd ley|eofb r}d|ak}bhb dadbo|b0

Ib}ib|k}b lb me}ar o ikl}rh i}bek kr jay| kokhepk|b ~hkor}ehb lb kierob haikh ley~aoemehb ekh|b dk|b}ekhb leo ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre7


20/42

;5

]bkhepk}bk( o lar b|k~b( k roa} zepe|b lb hri}r o ibhb ;= haikhe|e o ikl}rh i}a}k kr kzr|hai o|hoe}e ir bice~bhb lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkor}eha} lb kierob haikhe iaa}laok|a}e haikheke Kyaiekebe ^}a Lbdai}kek/ o ikl}rh kiby|a} zepe|b kiibo|rh k jay| ~ry ~b kia}lk}bk lbkyey|bo bice~bha} haikhb o ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkor}eha}( ir ~}bilb}b o ~}edk b|k~/ Kr jay|r}d}e|b lb kybdbobk i}e|b}eehb lb kokhep y|kmehe|b o jkpk lb ~hkoejeik}b7

Kokhepk eoja}dkeeha} ameor|b o ikl}rh o|hoe}eha} dboeaok|b ko|b}ea}7 Bhkma}k}bk roa} iaoihrpee e }biadkol}e/

I/ ]blki|k}bk }k~a}|rhre eo|b}dblek} lb bzkhrk}b

=/ I}e|b}ee lb kokhep

Lbdk}k}bk ~}aibyrhre k jay| ik}ki|b}epk| lb obibye|k|bk lb k elbo|ejeik korde|b i}e|b}ee ~b mkpki}a}k y kem hai kokhepk y|klerhre o ik}b yb kjh ~hkor}eb lb kierob iadroe|k} leo haikhe|ehbed~heik|b o ~}aebi|( o zblb}bk y|kmehe}ee yriibyrhre ~}aebi|bha} ~}a~ryb ~b ~hko haikh e khk~hei}ee db|albha} lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b ib|bobkyi/

Ir k|| dke drh|( f}klrh }eleik| lb cb|b}afboe|k|b k ~hkor}eha} kzr|b o zblb}b lb bice~bhb lb~}aebi|( fbob}k| lb ik}ki|b}ey|eiehb lb mkp lejb}e|b khb ibha} ;= haikhe|e( lb iaoleeehb ~k}|eirhk}be lb kh|b zk}ekmehb eoielbo|b( kr fbob}k| obibye|k|bk lb k lbeob ro eoy|}rdbo| lb bzkhrk}b ~bmkpk i}rek kieroehb y ~ak| je iad~k}k|b/

Ky|jbh( i}e|b}eehb lb kokhep iaoyelb}k|b ia}by~rop|ak}b |}k|}ee roe|k}b k ~}aebi|bha}ed~hbdbo|k|b kr jay| r}d|ak}bhb0

;/ f}klrh o ik}b ~}aebi|rh jkib }bjb}e}b hk zkha}ehb br}a~bob7

=/ k~heik}bk db|albha} lb |}koyde|b}b k zkha}eha} br}a~bob o ikl}rh kiby|re ~}aebi|7

9/ ord}rh lb kieroe }bkhepk|b o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre7


21/42

=>

9/ ^}bpbo|k}bk lk|bha}

9/;/ Hrepe Ihrf}k #Mkir%

9/;/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

Dbdm}ee bice~be haikhb lb ed~hbdbo|k}b d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rh Kyaiekebe ^}a Lbdai}kekkr fbob}k| ro ~hko lb kierob haikh( kzol ik yia~ eoja}dk}bk e iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} leohaikhe|k|b ir ~}eze}b hk ~}ea}e|k|bk e a~a}|roe|k|bk }bkhep}ee roa} eozby|eee o iadroe|k|b/

Kr jay| y|kmehe|b r}d|ak}bhb ki|eze|e0k% Eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk ~}ea}e|ehb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb #K^H% o

ladboerh eozby|eeeha}7m% Eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk }byr}ybhb jeokoiek}b ley~aoemehb ~bo|}r eozby|eee o

ir}yrh korhre =>>67i% K~heik}bk rore icby|eaok} lb iaoyrh|k}b hk ro ord} lb > lb ib|boe ~bo|}r

elbo|ejeik}bk a~eoeeha} ha} ir ~}eze}b hk dalrh o ik}b y yb jki eozby|eeehb mkoeha} ~rmheie7l% I}bk}bk rore dbikoeyd ~b}dkobo| lb iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk yahreehb

~}amhbdbha} ed~a}|ko|b ~bo|}r iadroe|k|b/

9/;/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

^bo|}r eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} kr jay| jahaye|b r}d|ak}bhb db|alb!de`hakib0;/ ~ay|rh lb }klea haikh #y|keb lb kd~hejeik}b ir lejrpak}b ley|}emre|b o jebik}b iky%7=/ jhr|r}ke |}edee ~}eoeha} ~}eo bhbze79/ kjeb7

lb icby|eaok}bkr|ak~heik|b/ Leo|}b kiby|bk( kr jay| iad~hb|k|b e ok~aek|b bice~be lb ~}aebi| 6; lbicby|eaok}b/ A}leobk ~}bjb}eobha} ib|boeha} ~bo|}r eozby|eee k jay| r}d|ak}bk0 khedbo|k}bk eley|}emrek lb fkpb ok|r}khb o haikhe|ehb Hrepe Ihrf}k e Aybmee( ikokhepk}bk k~be }bpelrkhb oHrepe e Aybmee( kyjkh|k}bk k 2 gd lb l}rd ~}eoie~kh iadrokh( e kdbok`k}bk robe ~}|ee lb yice(lbe zkha}ehb ~bo|}r ibhb ~k|}r eozby|eee yro| lby|rh lb k~}a~ek|b( kk ird by|b eoleik| oF}kjeirh ;/

kyjkh|k}b

=2"

ikokhepk}b

;2"

khedbo|k}b fkpb

ok|r}khb

9


22/42

=;

^bo|}r eoy|e|re}bk rore yey|bd |}koy~k}bo| e bjeiebo| lb kldeoey|}k}b k haikhe|ee o ik}b eib|bkorh y jeb ~k}|b ki|ez( o ikl}rh r}d|ak}bha} o|hoe}e a}fkoepk|b iaa}laok|a}rh K^Ld~}bro ir bice~k haikh lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkorhre lb kierob kr y|kmehe| i by|b obibyk}}bkhepk}bk rore dbikoeyd ~b}dkobo| lb iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}/

o kiby| iao|bs|( k jay| iaoy|e|re| ro Iade|b| Iaoyrh|k|ez Ib|bobyi ja}dk| leo 2 ~b}yakob

jkdehek}b ir dalrh lb jroieaok}b k kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb/ Dbdm}ee Iade|b|rhre kr jay|eoy|}ree lb iaa}laok|a}rh K^L ir ~}eze}b hk yia~rh( amebi|ezbhb e yk}ieoehb ~b ik}b k} |}bmre yehb kyrdb0 iaoyrh|k}bk aikpeaokh k ib|boeha} ~b ~}amhbdb dkà}b lb lbpzah|k}b k iadroe|ee(elbo|ejeik}bk ~}ea}e|eha} }byede|b lb ib|boe( ~k}|eie~k}bk hk bleobhb Iaoyeherhre Haikh ~bo|}rk bzelboek o ikl}rh lbpmk|b}eha} ~roi|rh lb zblb}b kh ib|boeha}/

9/;/9/ ]biadkol}e

Kiby|b ki|eze|e ~ro o bzelbo eo|b}byrh kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb ~bo|}r eoja}dk}bkib|boeha} e oir}k`k}bk lb y|}ri|r}e ir ik}ki|b} iaoyrh|k|ez hk oezbhrh iadroe|e haikhb(

zkha}ejeiol ~}eoie~erh |}koy~k}bobe e }by~aoykmehe|ee kldeoey|}kebe jk lb ib|boe/

]biadkol}ehb ~}eoie~khb ~bo|}r kiby| ~}aebi| lb kierob iadroe|k} ~}ezbyi0

Eoja}dk}bk ~b}dkobo| k ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk y|klerh lbdb}yr}eha} lb eo|}alrib}b kfkpbha} ok|r}khb o iadroe|k|b #ir k|| dke drh| ir i| ^}ed}ek k}b lb`k }bkhepk|blairdbo|keehb |bcoeib e iao|ki|b kzkoyk|b ir eozby|e|a}ee%7

]by|}ri|r}k}bk Iade|b|rhre Iaoyrh|k|ez Ib|bobyi ky|jbh oi|( leo iad~aobokkiby|rek( y jki ~k}|b ib|boe k i}a} kr|a}e|k|b da}khe eo|bf}e|k|b y jeb }biroayir|b hk

oezbhrh o|}bfee iadroe|e/ o ja}drhk ki|rkh bsey| ~ayemehe|k|bk ik kibky| y|}ri|r}ib|bobkyi y or jeb k~}biek| e y~}eèoe| lb ib|boe kzol o zblb}b ik dbdm}eekiby|bek yro| ~b}ib~re lb a ~k}|b leo|}b haire|a}e ik jeeol akdboee ~}edk}rhre/

Ro bhbdbo| y~biekh ik}b |}bmreb dboeaok| by|b jk~|rh i o iadro bsey| a y|keb lb kd~hejeik}b~}eo eo|b}dblerh i}bek a}eib ~}amhbd ed~a}|ko| ~ak|b je dblek|epk| o }olrh ib|boeha}/ okiby| iao|bs|( jahaye}bk }bfrhk|( bzbo|rkh lr~ ro ~}af}kd meob y|kmehe|( k ~ay|rhre haikh lb}klea k} je jak}|b r|eh/

o iaoleeehb o ik}b oarh ~hko yb }bkhepbkp o|}$ro |ed~ a~|ed( kzol o zblb}b ~a~rhk}e|k|bk lbik}b yb mrir} ~}edk}rh iadrobe ~}bird e bs~b}ebok ko|b}eak} k kldeoey|}kebe o iaoyrh|k}bkib|boeha}( ~r|bd y~rob i yro| kyefr}k|b iaoleeehb obibyk}b ~bo|}r i}b|b}bk f}klrhre lbr|ehepk}b k zkha}eha} br}a~bob o ki|rh lb frzb}ok}b haikh/

9/=/ Cbdber #Mkir%

9/=/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

^hkorh lb kierob haikh zepbkp eoja}dk}bk e iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} eo hbf|r} ir ~}aebi|rhkd~hr lb }bkmehe|k}b e dalb}oepk}b k l}rdr}eha} iadrokhb e y|b|e ~b ik}b kldeoey|}kek~rmhei haikh eo|boeaobkp y h }bkhepbpb/

^}eoie~khbhb ki|eze|e y|kmehe|b o ikl}rh ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh yro| bzelboek|b dke ày0


23/42

==

k% Eoja}dk}bk dk`a}e|ee ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk ~}ea}e|ehb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb o

ladboerh eozby|eeeha}7m% Eoja}dk}bk dk`a}e|ee ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk }byr}ybhb jeokoiek}b ley~aoemehb ~bo|}r

eozby|eee o ir}yrh korhre =>>67i% K~heik}bk rore icby|eaok} lb iaoyrh|k}b hk ro ord} lb > lb ib|boe7

l% I}bk}bk rore dbikoeyd ~b}dkobo| lb iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk yahreehb~}amhbdbha} ed~a}|ko|b ~bo|}r iadroe|k|b/

^}ea}e|ehb kr|a}e|ee haikhb kyr~}k eoja}d}ee e iaoyrh|}ee ib|boeha} yro|0

}bkmehe|k}bk ye dalb}oepk}bk l}rdr}eha} y|b|e7 }bkhepk}bk }bbhbe lb ikokhepk}b k k~be rpk|b7 dalb}oepk}bk ehrdeok|rhre y|}klkh ~}eo ledeork}bk iaoyrdrhre lb bob}feb bhbi|}ei ye

bjeiebo|epk}bk f}klrhre lb ehrdeok}b k y|}peha} leo iadrok Cbdber7

kdbok`k}bk ye dalb}oepk}bk rore |}a|rk} ~b LO ;2 Ikhbk Dahlazbe leo haikhe|k|bkCbdbere hrof lb < gd/

9/=/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

^bo|}r iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} kr jay| ley|}emre|b > lb icby|eaok}b i|}b ib|boe r}dol ikkib|ek yk hb }b|r}obpb( lr~ ib hb iad~hb|bkp( o|}$a r}o y~biekh kdbok`k| hk yblerh ~}ed}ebe/

Leo ibhb > lb icby|eaok}b( kr jay| iad~hb|k|b e }b|r}ok|b lb i|}b ib|boe ro ord} lb =:>lb icby|eaok}b/ Leo ibo|}khepk}bk lk|bha} }bprh|k|bhb k }bebe| ~}bjb}eok haire|a}eha} ~bo|}reozby|eee o ladboerh kyjkh|}ee ~}eoie~khbha} y|}pe( r}dk| lb dalb}oepk}bk ehrdeok|rhre y|}klkh(lb }bkmehe|k}bk f}r~rhre iahk} leo haikhe|k|b e lb kdbok`k}bk |}a|rk}rhre/ Lk|bhb yro| ameor|b~}eo oyrdk}bk iej}bha} lk|b lb yrmebie o a}laok}bk a~eroeha} o jroieb lb ed~a}|kok( kklk}~roi|k`rh ibh dke dei }bjhbi| ~}bjb}eok ibk dke dk}b k ib|boeha} #F}kjei =%/

2;<

=>>

>

:>>

3>>

;(>>>

;

ehrdeok| y|}klkh

kyjkh| k}b y|}kpe

}bkme he |k}b f}r~

yiahk}

kdbok`k}b | }a| rk}

F}kjei =0 Elbo|ejeik}bk ~}ea}e|eha} lb eozby|eee haikhb lb i|}b ib|boe o iadrok Cbdber#Mkir%


24/42

=9

9/=/9/ ]biadkol}e

Ibbk ib by|b lb }bdk}ik| o ikprh iadrobe Cbdber by|b jk~|rh i ~}edk}rh #k i}reley~aoemehe|k|b lb k ~k}|eie~k ki|ez hk }bkhepk}bk e ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkorhre lb kierob haikhk by|bbzelbo|% k |er| ihk} ik}b yro| ~kee r}d|a}e o ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkorhre/

Yr~hedbo|k} jk lb ki|eze|ehb ~}bzpr|b o ~hkorh lb kierob o yboyrh ~}adaz}ee zkha}eha}br}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikh( y$k }bkhepk| a o|hoe}b ~rmhei o haikhe|k|bk Cbdber ir aikpekd~heoe}ee k 2> lb koe lb hk eo|}k}bk eo zefak}b k \}k|k|rhre lb hk ]adk/ Ord}rh lb ib|boe ik}bkr ~k}|eie~k| hk kibky|k kierob k jay| lb 29/ o ikl}rh o|hoe}ee y$kr ley|}emre| jhr|r}ke ir |bs|b~}eze|ak}b hk ed~a}|kok bzboedbo|rhre leo =2 dk}|eb ;526 o ikl}rh ey|a}ebe Roeroee Br}a~bob/

Kr jay| ley|}emre|b( lb kybdbobk( => lb bsbd~hk}b leo m}ar}k Kzko|k`bhb eo|bf}}ee ]adoebeo Roerobk Br}a~bko( |e~k}e| lb Ihrmrh K^L Mkir/ Kr yryeor| khaireroe0 lh Deceh(~}edk}rh iadrobe Cbdber( iaa}laok|a} }bfeaokh kh K^L( |}be iaoyeheb}e haikhe e ~k|}r ib|boeleo haikhe|k|bk Cbdber/

]biadkolk}bk byboekh ~bo|}r }b~}bpbo|koee kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb by|b hbfk| lb|}koy~rob}bk a~eroeha} ib|boeha} o ~ahe|eie ~rmheib iaoi}b|b hk oezbh haikh/ Eoja}dk}bk eiaoyrh|k}bk ib|bobkyi }b~}bpeo| lak} a b|k~ o bhkma}k}bk ~k}|eie~k|ez k ~ahe|eieha} ~rmheib/

9/9/Yhamapek M}klrhre #Z}koibk%

9/9/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

^hkorh lb kierob haikh k zepk| iaoyrh|k}bk e ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o }bkhepk}bk e ~rob}bk o

jroierob k rore Ibo|}r Iadroe|k} Drh|ejroieaokh/ Ihle}bk o ik}b r}dbkp y jroieaobpbIbo|}rh by|b o jkpk lb jeokhepk}b/^}eo ki|eze|ehb ~b ik}b e hb$kr ~}a~ry bice~k haikh d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rh K^L ybord}0 elbo|ejeik}bk o ikl}rh roa} iaoyrh|}e ~rmheib k roa} i}e|b}ee lb ybhbieb k => lb ia~eeik}b y mbobjeiebpb lb yb}zeieehb rore Ibo|}r lb pe ik}b zk jroieaok o ikl}rh Ibo|}rhreIadroe|k} Drh|ejroieaokh/ ^}eo fye}bk roa} ky|jbh lb i}e|b}ee yb k}b o zblb}b kyefr}k}bk rore|}k|kdbo| bfkh ~bo|}r |ae ia~ee leo haikhe|k|b( y~}e`eoe}bk jkdeheeha} ik}b or kr ir ieob y hkybia~ee kiky #k|roie iol dbdm}ee jkdehebe yro| ~hbike hk yb}zeier%/ A kh| ~}bair~k}b k bice~behaikhb by|b elbo|ejeik}bk roa} zahro|k}e ik}b yk ~k}|eie~b hk kdbok`k}bk ir}ee ibo|}rhre/

^kee ~bo|}r ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkorhre kr jay|0 elbo|ejeik}bk ikl}rhre o ik}b y jroieaobpb Iade|b|rh Iaoyrh|k|ez haikh kh iadrobe

Yhamapek M}klrhre ~bo|}r kmkolao iahk} e y|kmehe}bk iad~aobo|be kiby|rek7 y|kmehe}bk kfbolbe o|hoe}eha} ~rmheib o ibhb |}be yk|b leo Yhamapek M}klrhre ir }eyi y~a}e|

lb kmkolao iahk}7 lairdbo|k}b ~}ezeol ~ayemehb jeoko}e bs|b}ob! frzb}okdbo|khb ~bo|}r Ibo|}rh

Iadroe|k} drh|ejroieaokh zepk| lb ~hkorh lb kierob haikh/

9/9/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

o kyey|k}bk bice~be lb hri}r leo Yhamapek M}klrhre( y$k lbiey ik db|alk ibk dke mbobjei lb~a~rhk}epk}b k elbee ~hkorhre lb kierob elbo|ejeik| yro| leyiree le}bi|b ir ib|boee( ~}eoe keia~eeha} ~a|boekhe mbobjeiek}e ke Ibo|}rhre/


25/42

= lb koe lb hk ojeeok}bkIadroe|ee Biaoadeib Br}a~bob

9/9/9/ ]biadkol}e

Ye|rkek y~biekh bsey|bo| o haikhe|k|b jkib ik ~}aebi|rh lb kierob iadroe|k} y jeb rorh jak}|ba~a}|ro o iao|bs|rh leyirebe lby~}b zkha}ehb br}a~bob e lby~}b dalrh o ik}b yahelk}e|k|bk ekyefr}k}bk lb koyb bfkhb yro| zkha}epk|b hk oezbh br}a~bko/ Kzol o zblb}b ibhb lb dke yry(

ybhbiek db|albha} lb iaoyrh|k}b k mbobjeiek}eha} jeokhe lbzeob rok i}riekh( obzaek lb k je}bkhepk| ir |}koy~k}boe ~}ajbyeaokheyd lb i|}b }b~}bpbo|koee kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhbjeeol bzelbo|/

Bsey|bok robe a}fkoepkee obfrzb}okdbo|khb }adb o iadro by|b lb kybdbobk a a~a}|roe|k|bik}b k jay| jahaye| lb`k o yboyrh k|}kfb}ee lb }byr}yb leo bs|b}ea}rh iadroe|ee ~}bird e o}bpahzk}bk roa} ye|rkee iaojhei|rkhb k~}r|b o iadro/


26/42

=2

9/


27/42

=:

iadroe|k|b y$kr ~}aorok| lb dke drh| a}e kje}dk|ez( o iaoyrh|}ehb ik}b kr jay| }bkhepk|b irlejb}e|b aikpee/

L}b~| ~ke eo|b}dblek}e o }bkhepk}bk kiby|re yia~( bice~k haikh d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rhK^L e$kr ~}a~ry0

elbo|ejeik}bk robe je}db y~biekhepk|b ik}b yk bhkma}bpb y|rlerhre lb jbpkmehe|k|b obibyk}7 elbo|ejeik}bk ~ayemeheha} jeokok|a}e e y~aoya}e7 eoja}dk}bk e iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha}7 k|}kfb}bk ib|boeha} ~bo|}r ed~heik}bk le}bi| o }bkhepk}bk amebi|ezrhre ~}a~ry7 eoeeb}bk lbdb}yr}eha} ~bo|}r }bkhepk}bk kdbok`}ee ~}a~ryb/


Y~}e`eorh ajb}e| lb iaa}laok|a}rh K^L y$k ksk|( o ~}eoie~kh( ~b iad~aobo|k lb eoja}dk}b eiaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}/

^bo|}r eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} y$kr ble|k| kjeb e jhr|r}ke( ik}b kr jay| ~ay|ke o hair}ehb ir ibkdke dk}b kjhrbo lb ib|boe e ir a mro zepemehe|k|b #^}ed}eb( iakh( Ideorh Irh|r}kh(Meyb}eik%( e ley|}emre|b ib|boeha}/ Hk yblerh ~}ed}ebe y$k kjek| ~hkok ir ~}aebi|rh lb kdbok`k}bk ibo|}rhre iezei/ Hk eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} k iao|}emre| e ~}edk}rh( ~}eo leyireehb ~r}|k|b irkib|ek ir aikpek krlebobha} e k o|hoe}eha} ir lejb}e|b kh|b ~}ehb`r}e/

Iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} y$k }bkhepk| k|| ~}eo k~heik}bk rore icby|eaok} i| e ~}eo a}fkoepk}bkrobe lbpmk|b}e ~rmheib/ ]bprh|k|bhb icby|eaok}rhre }bhbz ky~bi|b ed~a}|ko|b lby~}b }bhkek leo|}bib|boe e kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh leo Jah|b|e( ik}b yb iaoy|e|reb ~b mkpk oi}blb}ee

}bie~}aib( e k eo|b}byrhre ib|boeha} ~bo|}r ~k}|eie~k}bk hk ki|eze|ehb ^}ed}ebe e hk bleobhbIaoyeherhre Haikh0 22" leo|}b }by~aolboe iaoyelb} i ib|boee ~a| eojhrbok o jak}|b dk}b edk}b dyr} lbiepeehb hrk|b lb kldeoey|}keb( ek} k~}asedk|ez kibbke ~}a~a}eb lbihk} i kr jay|iaoyrh|ke o |}bir| lb i|}b kldeoey|}keb/ o kibhke |ed~( jefr}k ibk dke zepemeh ~b ~hko haikh}dob ~}edk}rh( ik}b by|b iaoyelb}k| l}b~| ki|a}rh ir ibk dke dk}b hbfe|ede|k|b ~b ~hko haikh~bo|}r k eo|b}zboe lbieyez o yahreaok}bk ~}amhbdbha}/ By|b lb }bdk}ik|( lb kybdbobk( ~b}ib~ekib|boeha} kyr~}k ed~hei}ee o kieroe iadrob hk oezbhrh iadroe|ee( kzol o zblb}b ik~}asedk|ez 33" lbihk} i k} kieaok d~}bro ir khe ib|boe ~bo|}r }bpahzk}bk robe~}amhbdb o iadroe|k|b/


28/42

=6

]bkhepk}bk yaolk`rhre lb a~eoeb ~rmhei o iadrok Jah|b|e

Lbpmk|b}bk ~rmhei k jay| ~a~rhk}epk| ~}eo|}$ro kje ik}b k jay| ~ay|k| hk yblerh ~}ed}ebe e okh|b ~roi|b ed~a}|ko|b leo iadro( ek} bzboedbo|rh k }broe| =< lb ~b}yakob( }b~}bpbo|koe kekldeoey|}kebe e ib|boe/ o|hoe}bk k jay| dalb}k| lb ~}edk}rh iadrobe( lr~ ib |a| kiby|k kjir| a ~}bpbo|k}b k ~}aebi|rhre k}frdbo|ol ~bo|}r jebik}b amebi|ez leo ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre k||

obibye|k|bk i| e ~ayemehe|ehb lb jeokok}b e |b}dbobhb ~}a~ryb ~bo|}r }bkhepk}bk ha}/ ^}eoie~khk~}amhbd o|d~eok| lb bice~k lb hri}r k jay| kyefr}k}bk jeoko}ee eozby|eeeha} ~}a~ryb/ okiby| yboy( y$kr }bkhepk| kyaieb}e ~b robhb amebi|ezb ir Iaoyeherh @rlbbko lk}( leo ~ik|b( yb ~k}bi o kiby| ko or za} je khaik|b jaolr}e/ Yb kokhepbkp lb kybdbobk e a~a}|roe|k|bk iao|}ki|}eerore i}ble| mkoik}/

9/2/9/ ]biadkol}e

o ibbk ib ~}ezb|b ed~heik}bk ib|boeha}( yb ~ak|b k~}biek o|}$klbz} ley~aoemehe|k|bk lbihk}k|k ibha} iaoyrh|ke lb k y~}e`eoe kiby| ~}aebi|( eoihryez ~}eo ~k}|eie~k}bk zahro|k} hk ki|eze|ehb lb

}bkhepk}b k amebi|ezbha} leo ~}aebi|( e o fbob}kh hk ki|eze|ehb ib eo lb zekk iadroe|ee/


29/42

=3

Zkha}ehb lb eozby|eee yro| jak}|b dk}e( }k~a}|k|b hk ik~kie|k|bk lb k|}kfb}b lb jaolr}e k iadrobe~b a ~b}eakl kk lb yir}|/ Ir |ak|b kiby|bk( icek} lki or yb za} }bkhepk |ak|b amebi|ezbhb~}a~ryb o |b}dbobhb la}e|b( yro| iaoleee ik( ~b |b}dbo hrof( |ak|b amebi|ezbhb y jeb jeokhepk|b(ek} o kiby| yboy ~}ed}ek k}b a y|}k|bfeb ~bo|}r kiibyk}bk jaolr}ehb y|}ri|r}khb/

Lb }bdk}ik| by|b jk~|rh i a je}d lb iaoy|}riee k oib~r| dyr}|a}ehb o iadro ~bo|}r k

~r|bk }bkhepk bzbo|rkhbhb y|rlee lb jbpkmehe|k|b( y|rlee |bcoeib obibyk}b ~bo|}r }bkmehe|k}bkdaordbo|rhre e }bkmehe|k}bk iaoy|}rieeha} leo ibo|}rh iezei/

9/:/ J}bibe #\rhibk%

9/:/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

^b}eaklk eoeekh k ~}aebi|rhre k jay| ik}ki|b}epk| lb a}fkoepk}bk dke drh|a} o|hoe}e ~rmheib iryia~rh elbo|ejei}ee ~}amhbdbe ik}b y iaoy|e|reb amebi|rh ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh/ ^b mkpk

iaoyrh|}eha} eoeekhb( lb y~}eèo bs|boyez k mbobjeiek| elbbk ojeeo}ee robe Kyaiekee k~}alri|a}eha} kf}eiahe( kzol o zblb}b ~a|boekhrh kf}eiah kh paobe/ Rh|b}ea}( leo leyireehbib|boeha} ir }b~}bpbo|koee kldeoey|}kebe haikhb k }bebe|( i |bdk ~a|}eze| ~bo|}r ro ~hko lbkierob ik}b y ~}adazbpb zkha}ehb br}a~bob( elbbk }bze|khep}ee |}kleeeha} irh|r}khb o ibhb ~k|}ryk|b iad~aobo|b khb iadrobe/ A k|boeb y~a}e| by|b kia}lk| }boaz}ee ideobha} irh|r}khb e}bkhep}ee roa} ~}af}kdb irh|r}khb o ik}b y jeb ed~heike ib|boee e }b~}bpbo|koee kr|a}e|eha}haikhb/

9/:/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

K~heik}bk icby|eaok}bha} k jay| }bkhepk| o|}$a ~}ed b|k~( okeo|b lb dalejeik}bk ~hkorhre lbkierob haikh/ Kibky| ki|eze|k|b y$k }bkhepk| o yk|bhb J}bibe( I|}ae( â|k e \bhek/ Leokokhepk }y~royr}eha} hk icby|eaok}b k }bebe| i( o ~}ezeok ~}amhbdbha} ik}b k} |}bmre r}fbo|}bpahzk|b hk oezbh haikh( o J}bibe( ~}bjb}eobhb yb ley|}emreb bfkh o|}b ojeeok}bk kyaiekebedeieha} ~}alri|a}e #"% e kicepeeaok}bk rore kr|amrp ~bo|}r |}koy~a}|rh bhbzeha} hk \rhibk#"%/ o I|}ae e â|k( ~}edk a~erob( ik}b k ameor| " leo ~}bjb}eob( k jay| }bkmehe|k}bkideobha} irh|r}khb( |bdk kibky|k lbzboeol iad~aobo| ibo|}kh k ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh/

Yaolk`rh k }bhbzk|( lb kybdbobk( he~yk lb eoja}dk}b k ib|boeha} lby~}b zkha}ehb br}a~bob(ehry|}k| lb ~}aibo|b ybdoejeik|ezb khb oao$}y~royr}eha}/ o ~hry( }by~aolboee or kyaiekp

kiby|b zkha}e ir ki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb( ek} iadroeik}bk ir kldeoey|}kek by|bbzkhrk| }bhk|ez obfk|ez/

Ki|eze|ehb y|kmehe|b o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre( ik}b yro| oi o ir}y lb jeokhepk}b( ir~}eol0

]blki|k}bk lairdbo|kebe ~bo|}r ameob}bk robe jeoko}e ~}eo ^}af}kdrh Okeaokh~bo|}r iaoy|}re}bk lb kbpdeo|b }r}khb ~}bird e ~bo|}r }bkmehe|k}bk( dalb}oepk}bk ela|k}bk kbpdeo|bha} irh|r}khb lb l}b~| ~rmhei leo dblerh }r}kh e r}mko dei/ Ir kiby|bjaolr}e yb by|edbkp la|k}bk ideorhre irh|r}kh J}bibe ir hafey|eik obibyk} robeeoy|e|ree lb fbo lb oezbh br}a~bko #iad~r|b}b ye hafey|ei kjb}bo|( dameheb} dalrhk}%7

Lbdk}k}bk hri}}eha} lb }boazk}b o ykhk dk}b k Ideorhre Irh|r}kh #dk|b}ekhbhb obibyk}bza} je kicepeeaok|b lb Iaoyeherh Haikh( ek} }boazk}bk yb zk jkib ~}eo droik zahro|k} kdbdm}eha} iadroe|ee%7


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Kdbok`k}bk robek leo|}b ibhb lark yhe dke deie khb ideorhre Irh|r}kh ~bo|}r k ~r|bkyb}ze l}b~| y~kee ~bo|}r lbyjr}k}bk roa} ki|eze|e lb ~b|}bib}b k |ed~rhre hemb}#ibokihr he|b}k}( ib}i lb ~ei|r}e lbybo( `air}e lb yaieb|k|b%7

ojeeok}bk rore dei Dei Drpbr kh Yk|rhre kbpk| o y~kerh Ideorhre Irh|r}kh J}bibe(o ik}b za} je ~}bpbo|k|b amebi|b dke zbice lb ;>> lb koe laok|b lb dbdm}ee iadroe|ee/

o|hoe}bk ~rmhei }bkhepk| ~bo|}r lbpmk|b}bk d~}bro ir ib|boee k icby|eroeha} hbfk|b lb}boazk}bk( la|k}bk e jroieaokhe|k|bk Ideorhre Irh|r}kh kr lry hk iaa~|k}bk k rore ord} lb|}be ib|boe o bice~k lb ~}aebi|( ik}b ~a| iaoy|e|re mkpk lb ~a}oe}b k rore f}r~ lb eoeek|ezhaikh o j}bibe/

9/:/9/ ]biadkol}e

By|b byboekh ik ~hkor}ehb lb dalb}oepk}b e eozby|eee khb kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb y oib}iby bicehem}bpb( o|}$ro dal a~|ed( a~eoeehb }bhk|ez b|b}afbob khb ib|boeha} leo lejb}e|bhb ~}eiad~aobo|b khb iadrobe/ o kibhke |ed~( by|b ed~a}|ko| y jeb oir}k`k|b( lb i|}b

kldeoey|}keb( iaoy|e|re}bk f}r~rhre lb kierob haikh ik}b ~ak|b klrib ro eo~r| ybdoejeik|ez hklbpzah|k}bk iadroe|k}/ Iad~aobo| jeokh k ~hkorhre lb kierob( lbyjr}k}bk lb o|hoe}eiadroe|k}b ~b}ealeib o zblb}bk eo|}alrib}ee icby|eroeha} lb eo|b}by ~b a}leobk lb pe k bleobha}lb Iaoyeher Haikh( by|b a ledboyerob ik}b |}bmreb iao|eork|( kzol o zblb}b bjbi|bhb mbobjeib~bo|}r }bhkeaok}bk ir ib|boee/

9/6/ \bice}fceah #Iaoy|ko|k%


Iaoyrh|k}bk e ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o iaoy|}re}bk robe y|kee lb |}koyjb} lbbr}e( oiaoja}de|k|b ir oa}dbhb lb dbler br}a~bob( eoihryez k jkiehe|eha} lb iahbi|k}b ybhbi|ez klbbr}eha} dbok`b}b by|b ibbk ib e$k ~}a~ry kr|a}e|k|bk haikh leo \bice}fceah/

^bo|}r k|eofb}bk kiby|re yia~ kr jay| y|kmehe|b ik e amebi|ezb0 Eoja}dk}bk e iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk obibye|k|bk iaoy|}re}ee robe ky|jbh lb

y|kee lb |}koyjb} lbbr}e7 Elbo|ejeik}bk yr}ybha} lb jeokok}b e k ~ayemeheha} ~k}|bob}e o ikl}rh kiby|re ~}aebi|7 Ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o iahbi|k}bk ybhbi|ez k lbbr}eha}/

Ki|eze|ehb kzr|b o zblb}b kr jay|0 eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk ed~heik}bk o kiby| ~}aebi|7 eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk ojeeok}bk yey|bdrhre lb iahbi|k}b ybhbi|ez k

lbbr}eha} e iaoy|}re}bk y|kebe lb |}koyjb} lbbr}e( ~}eo }bkhepk}bk lb dk|b}ekhbeoja}dk|ezb #~heko|b( jhr|r}ke e koror}e o mrhb|eorh lb eoja}dk}b kh ^}ed}ebe%7

iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk dalkhe|ehb lb }bkhepk}b k kiby|re yey|bd #|e~rh lbbice~kdbo|b( iay|r}e( kd~hkyk}b% ~}eo }bkhepk}bk robe yb}ee lb lbpmk|b}e ~rmheib hk oezbhhaikh ~b ik}|eb}b( lk} e k robe lbpmk|b}e hk ik}b yk ~k}|eie~b ~}eoie~khee }b~}bpbo|koe ke

kfboeha} biaoadeie leo paok( d~}bro ir }b~}bpbo|koee kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb7 lairdbo|k}b ir ~}eze}b hk ~a|boekhbhb yr}yb lb jeokok}b ~bo|}r iaoy|}re}bk y|kebe lb

|}koyjb}( ki|eze|k|b }bkhepk| lb bice~k lb hri}r e iaa}laok|a}rh haikh kh K^L7


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Eoeeb}bk iahkma}}ee ir }b~}bpbo|koee Iaoyeherhre @rlbbko Iaoy|kok o zblb}bklamole}ee ~k}ekhb k jaolr}eha} ~bo|}r kibky|k eozby|eeb7

Y|kmehe}bk roa} ~k}|bob}ek|b ir AOF lb ~}ajeh leo `rlb( eo|b}byk|b eo ~}a|b`k}bk ikhe|eedblerhre/

Kr dke jay| kzr|b o zblb}b0 }bkhepk}bk lb dk|b}ekhbhb eoja}dk|ezb ik}b za} yrfb}k }eyir}ehb he~ybelb }by~bi| ~bo|}r dbler( koror}e hk yblerh ^}ed}ebe e kjeb( ik}b za} oir}k`k ed~heik}bkib|boeha} o ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}( }bkhepk}bk roa} bzboedbo|b iadroe|k}b( o ik}b}b~}bpbo|koe ke a}fkoepkeeha} lb dbler haikhb za} }bkhepk a yb}eb lb ki|eze|e lb iao|ebo|epk}b ka~eoebe ~rmheib ir ~}eze}b hk obibye|k|bk iahbi|}ee ybhbi|ezb/


Iad~aobo|k lb eoja}dk}b o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre ir ~}eze}b hk ki|eze|ehb ~}eoie~khb kzr|b ozblb}b y$k }bkhepk| ~}eo eo|b}dblerh koror}eha} ~ay|k|b hk ^}ed}eb e k ley|}emre}ee lb jhr|r}ke o}olrh ib|boeha} leo a}k/

Rh|b}ea}( l}b~| db|al ~}eoie~kh lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b( k jay| khbky a}fkoepk}bk robeklro}e ~rmheib( hk ik}b ~k}|eie~koee $ ib|boee e kfboee biaoadeie ke a}krhre \bice}fceah krjay| eoze|ke y lbpmk| ~b dk}feobk obibye|ee }bkhep}ee robe oae haikee ~bo|}r f}ak~k lb froae ka}krhre/ ^}bpbok ~}b~aolb}bo| k jay| kyefr}k| lb ib|boee a}krhre e lb }b~}bpbo|koe ke^}ed}ebe e ke Iaoyeherhre Haikh( mbobjeieeol e lb ~}bpbok rore eoy~bi|a} ~b ~}amhbdb lbr}mkoeyd/ Kiibo|rh o ikl}rh lbpmk|b}ee k jay| ~ry ~b obibye|k|bk lb k }by~bi|k oa}dbhbbr}a~bob lb dbler e lb k i}bk oae la|}e e jkiehe|e/ o r}dk kzepbha} ~}ede|b lb hk Deoey|b}rhDblerhre y$k hrk| dyr}k lb k yb }bkhepk ro y|rler lb jbpkmehe|k|b o zblb}bk }bkhep}ee robe oaef}a~e dbok`b}b/ Kiby| rh|ed ky~bi| k jay| yrmebi|rh ibo|}kh kh leyireeha} ~r}|k|b o klrok}bk

~rmhei( kiibo|rolr$yb obibye|k|bk y|kebe lb |}koyjb}/ A kh| iad~aobo| k lbpmk|b}ee( byboekhlb kh|jbh( k jay| obzaeb lb blrikeb k ib|boeha} o yboyrh ~}a|biebe dblerhre oiao`r}|a}/

9/6/9/ ]biadkol}e

]biadkol}ehb o kiby| ikp zepbkp y|kmehe}bk lb amebi|ezb }bkhey|b ~bo|}r ~}aebi|bhb ~b ik}bkldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikhe hb ~}a~rob( ~bo|}r k kyefr}k ed~hbdbo|k}bk iab}bo|e iaoja}df}kjeirhre lb |ed~ k ki|eze|eha}/

Bsey| |a|re ~}bdeybhb ~bo|}r ed~hbdbo|k}bk ia}by~rop|ak}b k ~hkorhre ik}b zepbkp

ed~heik}bk iadroe|ee o iahbi|k}bk ybhbi|ezb k lbbr}eha}0 yro| elbo|ejeik|b lb`k kyb haikee oik}b za} je kd~hkyk|b ~roi|bhb lb iahbi|k}b ybhbi|ez( bsey| ro |b}bo lb k~}asedk|ez larcbi|k}b o ik}b yb zk }bkhepk y|kek lb |}koyjb}( bice~k haikh k}b o zblb}b }bkhepk}bk rore yaolk`o }olrh ib|boeha} ~bo|}r k elbo|ejeik ley~aoemehe|k|bk ha} lb ed~heik}b/

Kk ird k jay| dboeaok| ko|b}ea}( ~}aebi|rh by|b rorh lb kd~hak}b e lb lr}k|( oy khb i}rebjbi|b drh|e~heik|ak}b za} je yrmy|koekhb/ ^bo|}r ro ed~ki| dk`a}( by|b o|}$klbz} obibyk} y jebiaoib~r| ro ~}af}kd iab}bo| lb blrik}b k ib|boeha}( e lb ed~heik}b k kiby|a}k o ybhbiekiahbi|ez/


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9/3/ Mhbàe #^}kcazk%


o kibky| haikhe|k|b( ~hkorh lb kierob haikh k zepk| ojeeok}bk rore yb}zeier lb zahro|k}ek|~bo|}r ye|rkee lb r}fbo/ Bice~k haikh lb ed~hbdbo|k}b d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rh haikh kh

K^L e$kr ~}a~ry y i}bkyi f}klrh lb iao|ebo|epk}b k ib|boeha} leo Mhbàe ~}ezeol obibye|k|bkojeeo}ee yb}zeierhre lb zahro|k}ek| e dke khby y e lb|b}deob ~b kib|ek y yb ed~heib ki|ez o}bkhepk}bk yb}zeierhre/

Kr jay| kzr|b o zblb}b lark le}biee lb kierob0 ikd~koeb lb eoja}dk}b o }olrh ib|boeha} ir~}eze}b hk obibye|k|bk e mbobjeieehb bsey|bobe yb}zeierhre o iadroe|k|b e kyefr}k}bk ikl}rhre hbfkh~bo|}r ojeeok}bk e jroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre/


o kia}l ir ~}edk le}bieb lb kierob( bice~k haikh d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rh haikh kh K^L kr}bkhepk| r}d|ak}bhb ki|eze|e0

~rmheik}bk roa} k}|eiahb o mrhb|eorh eoja}dk|ez kh ~}ed}ebe Eoja Mhbàe7 }bkhepk}bk roa} ~heko|b ik}b y jeb ley|}emre|b i|}b ib|boee ibha} |}be yk|b iad~aobo|b khb

iadrobe7 |}koyde|b}bk roa} eoze|kee i|}b ~a|boekhe dbdm}ee ke kiby|re yb}zeier7 a}fkoepk}bk roa} o|hoe}e ~rmheib o ikl}rh i}a}k k jay| ~}bpbo|k| yb}zeierh ir kzko|k`bhb

ykhb ~bo|}r o|}bkfk iadroe|k|b7 elbo|ejeik}bk lb zahro|k}e ik}b y yb ed~heib o jroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre/

o ikl}rh ibha} lar o|hoe}e a}fkoepk|b( ib|boee kr ~}a~ry yahree( e$kr ~}bpbo|k| ~roi|rh lbzblb}b ~k}|eie~ol ky|jbh hk ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}/ Bice~k lb ~}aebi| k mbobjeiek| lbbs~b}|epk rore y~biekhey| leo ~k}|bk Eoy~bi|a}k|rhre ~bo|}r Ye|rkee lb R}fbo/

Ir ~}eze}b hk ibk lb$k lark le}bieb lb kierob k jay| lb`k kla~|k| a ca|}}b k Iaoyeherhre Haikh~}ezeol ojeeok}bk yb}zeierhre/ Kr|a}e|k|bk haikh k y|kmehe| e kia}lk}bk roa} jkiehe|e jeyikhb~bo|}r ibe ik}b yb za} ed~heik o jroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre/ o mrfb|rh haikh yro| ~}bzpr|b lb`k}byr}yb jeokoiek}b ~bo|}r kyefr}k}bk ~}bf|e}ee lb y~biekhe|k|b k zahro|k}eha} e k|by|k}bk kiby|a}k/

9/:/9/ ]biadkol}e

^}aebi|rh lb kierob haikh leo Mhbàe k jay| ik}ki|b}epk| lb iab}bo( klk~|k}bk ki|eze|eha} ojroieb lb }byr}ybhb bsey|bo|b e lb a kma}lk}b iaoyey|bo| ir yia~rh ~}a~ry( bzelbo|b o}bkhepk}bk o |a|khe|k|b k amebi|bha} ~}a~ryb/ o kiby|b iaoleee( by|b lb }bdk}ik| damehepk}bkkldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb ~bo|}r }bkhepk}bk ~}aebi|bha} ~b |b}dbo yir}|( dbler e hrof( elbyicelb}bk i|}b ed~heik}bk ~a~rhkebe o ki|eze|ehb ~}a~ryb/

o kibhke |ed~( by|b obibyk} ed~hbdbo|k}bk robe y|}k|bfee lb lr}k| ~bo|}r iaa~|k}bk edboeob}bk eo|b}byrhre ib|boeha} lb k ed~heik o jroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre k i}re ojeeok}b k jay|lbiey7 kibky|k k}b l}b~| dbikoeydb ~}eoie~khb k~heik}bk roa} db|alb eoja}dk}b iao|eor( lbdamehepk}b e iaoyrh|k}b( ~}bird e lb k k|}kfb}b k }byr}ybha} rdkob obibyk}b ~bo|}rjroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre lb zahro|k}ek|/


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9/5/ ^rieakyk #Ldmazek%


Yia~rh ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh leo haikhe|k|bk ^rieakyk k jay| ed~heik}bk i}byi|a}eha} lbkoedkhb leo a}krh ^rieakyk o ed~hbdbo|k}bk( hk oezbh haikh( k }bfhbdbo|}eha} br}a~bob ~}ezeoli}b|b}bk koedkhbha}( ~}eo bde|b}bk lb oa}db hk oezbhrh Iaoyeherhre Haikh ir ~}eze}b hk}bfhbdbo|k}bk i}b|b}ee koedkhbha} o a}k/

^bo|}r k|eofb}bk kiby|re yia~( dbdm}ee bice~be haikhb lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkorhre e$kr ~}a~ryik le}biee lb kierob0

]bkhepk}bk ~}ajehrhre iadroe|ee ^rieakyk leo ~b}y~bi|ezk i}byi|a}eha} lb koedkhb ea}fkoepk}bk kiby|a}k o zblb}bk kieroee iadroe|k}b(

Bhkma}k}bk rore ~hko lb eo|b}zboeb haikh ~bo|}r k~heik}bk }bfhbdbo|}eha} br}a~bob~}ezeol i}b|b}bk koedkhbha}( yrm ja}dk lb ~}aebi| lb ki| oa}dk|ez7

^k}|eie~k}bk ki|ez k ib|boeha} kh|r}e lb kr|a}e|k|bk haikh hk ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkorhre lbkierob haikh/

Dbdm}ee bice~be haikhb kr elbo|ejeik| ~}eoie~khbhb paob leo a}k rolb yb i}byi koedkhb( k jay|}bkhepk| a ck}| k iadroe|ee o ik}b yro| bzelboek|b |ak|b paobhb o ik}b oi yb dke i}byikoedkhb/ ^b mkpk eoja}dkeeha} ~b ik}b lb`k hb k}b bice~k haikh k }bkhepk| a kokhep k ~}eoie~khbha}ik}ki|b}ey|eib yaiea$biaoadeib khb i}byi|a}eha} lb koedkhb/


o ikl}rh robe o|hoe}e ~rmheib y$k }bkhepk| a kokhep k jki|a}eha} eo|b}byke lb ~hkorh lb kierobhaikh ir yia~rh lb k zkha}ejeik dksedkh y~}e`eorh ~b}yakobha}! eoy|e|reeha} ik}b yryeo ~hkorh elb k elbo|ejeik de`hakibhb ik}b ~a| je jahaye|b ~bo|}r k lb|b}deok y~}e`eorh ~b}yakobha} kjbi|k|bo|}$a dyr} dke dei ykr dke dk}b lb ki|eze|ehb leo ~hkorh lb kierob haikh/

^bo|}r k kyefr}k yriibyrh ed~hbdbo|}ee ~hkorhre( bice~k haikh k }bkhepk|( lb kybdbobk( ro ~hkolb damehepk}b k iadroe|ee ~}bird e ro f}r~ lb ed~hbdbo|k}b kh i}re }ah ~}eoie~kh k jay| kibhklb k eoja}dk ib|boee a}krhre ir ~}eze}b hk ~}bzblb}ehb }bfhbdbo|}eha} br}a~bob ~}ezeoli}b|b}bk koedkhbha} e obibye|k|bk k~hei}ee kiby|a}k hk oezbh haikh/^b |a| ~k}ir}yrh ed~hbdbo|}ee ~hkorhre iadroe|k} ed~heik}bk le}bi| k ib|boeha} k jay|k~}biek|k lb bice~k haikh ik a iaoleeb byboekh ~bo|}r kyefr}k}bk yriibyrhre ~}aebi|rhre/ Leo

kiby| da|ez( o ikl}rh roa} o|hoe}e ir ib|boee a}fkoepk|b lb kr|a}e|k|bk haikh k jay| kokhepk|}by~bi|k}bk }bfhbdbo|}eha} br}a~bob ~}ezeol i}b|b}bk koedkhbha} hk oezbhrh a}krhre ^rieakyk(kr jay| elbo|ejeik|b ~}eoie~khbhb ikrpb e bjbi|b khb ob}by~bi|}ee kiby|a} }bfhbdbo|}e hk oezbhhaikh( kr jay| elbo|ejeik|b le}biee lb eo|b}zboeb o zblb}bk k~hei}ee kiby|a} }bfhbdbo|}ee e kdeoedkhep}ee ed~ki|rhre obfk|ez kyr~}k i}byi|a}eha} lb koedkhb/

o jeokh( k jay| }bkhepk| ro ~hko lb eo|b}zboeb ~bo|}r k~heik}bk }bfhbdbo|}eha} br}a~bob ~bo|}ri}b|b}bk koedkhbha} hk oezbh haikh( ik}b zk je ~}bpbo|k| iaoyeheb}eha} haikhe r}dol k je k~}amk| obleok lb iaoyeher/

Bice~k haikh k ~}bzpr| eoihryez ki|eze|e lb dbleb}b k iaojhei|bha} k~}r|b e lb elbo|ejeik}b kyahreeha} hk ~}amhbdbhb k~}r|b ~b ~k}ir}yrh ed~hbdbo|}ee ~hkorhre/


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9/5/9/ ]biadkol}e

Kk ird yb }bdk}i ko|b}ea}( byboekh o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre lb kierob haikh leo ^rieakyk by|bik~kie|k|bk lb dbleb}b k ibha} leo bice~k haikh lb ~}aebi|( e ed~heie| k |r|r}a} }b~}bpbo|koeha}kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb( o yboyrh elbo|ejei}ee ibha} dke mrob yahree ~bo|}r i}byi|a}ee lbkoedkhb ik}b yb za} y~rob oaeha} }bfhbdbo|}e e iaoy|}ofb}eha} r}mkoep}ee/ Dke drh| lbi| k||(

ed~ki|rh ~ape|ez kh ~}aebi|rhre kyr~}k ib|boeha} or zk je hk jbh lb ybdoejeik|ez j} ed~heik}bkkr|a}e|eha} o ladboerh dblerhre e ykoe|k}$zb|b}eok} lb ~b ~hko haikh e }bfeaokh/

Yedrh|ko( eoja}dk}bk e iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} alk| ir kzkoyk}bk ed~hbdbo|}ee oaeha} oa}db|}bmreb y jeb a iaoy|ko|( ~bo|}r k kyefr}k kiadalk}bk lezb}ybha} eo|b}byb lb hk oezbh haikh ekoybhb lb yriiby ~b |b}dbo dbler e hrof/

9/;>/ Zepe}r #M}ehk%

9/;>/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

^}ed}ek iadrobe Zepe}r e$k ~}a~ry kyrdk}bk rore }ah ~}aki|ez o ikl}rh iadroe|ee haikhb( iryia~rh }bzefa}}ee ki|eze|ee irh|r}khb/ o kiby| yboy( ~hkorh lb kierob haikh e$k ~}a~ry}bkmehe|k}bk e }bkdbok`k}bk ideobha} irh|r}khb leo iadrobhb Zepe}r e Hkor}ehb( ik y~keelby|eok|b dkoejby|}eha} irh|r}kh$k}|ey|eib( yaiekhb( iezeib/

Ro }ah ed~a}|ko| k jay| k|}emre| ib|boeha} e roa} ja}db kyaiek|ezb khb kiby|a}k ik ~k}|bob}e kekr|a}e|eha} e eoy|e|reeha} haikhb/ Leo kiby| ~roi| lb zblb}b( }b~}bpbo|koee kr|a}e|ee haikhb kr

bzelboek| eo|boek lb k yryeob ojeeok}bk rore F}r~ Iadroe|k} lb Eoeek|ez( ik}b rh|b}ea} y jebja}dkhepk| ~}eo ojeeok}bk robe a}fkoepkee obfrzb}okdbo|khb/ ^}bdeyk lb hk ik}b yb ~hbki o}bkhepk}bk rore kybdbobk lbdb}y by|b kibbk i bsey| jak}|b drh|b ~}af}kdb lb jeokok}b ik}b ybkl}bybkp a}fkoepkeeha} obfrzb}okdbo|khb ~}eo eo|b}dblerh i}a}k k} ~r|bk je k|}kyb }byr}ybjeokoiek}b( ik}b y jeb r|ehepk|b ~bo|}r }bzefa}k}bk ki|eze|eha} irh|r}khb leo Zepe}r/

Kr|a}e|k|bk haikh k bzelboek| obibye|k|bk }bkhep}ee rore ky|jbh lb ~hko ~a}oeol lb hk0 y|k}bk lb lbf}klk}b k y~keeha} lby|eok|b ideobha} irh|r}khb7 obr|ehepk}bk kiby|a}k ~bo|}r lezb}yb kieroe ir ik}ki|b} irh|r}kh blrik|ez7 bsey|bok robe obzae kir|b lb ~}af}kdb lb ed~heik}b iezei o ikl}rh

i}a}k y jeb zkha}ejeik| ~a|boekhrh |eob}eha} e kh ib|boeha} leohaikhe|k|b/

9/;>/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

Bice~k haikh( yryeor| lb ro iaoyrh|ko| bs|b}o e$k ~}a~ry kma}lk}bk obzaeha} e k ~}ea}e|eha}iadroe|ee( ~}eo iaoyrh|k}bk e ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o bhkma}k}bk y|}k|bfebe lb lbpzah|k}b e oy|kmehe}bk lb amebi|ezb eozby|eeaokhb irh|r}khb haikhb/ K jay| iaoib~r| e k~heik| ro icby|eaok}~}eo ik}b y$k r}d}e| }k~a}|k}bk ~a~rhkebe hk kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei( oi}blb}bk ~b ik}b a kia}lkhbeha} haikhe #~}edk}( iaoyeheb}e haikhe%( k|kkdbo|rh jk lb korde|b zkha}e br}a~bob ik}b k}

|}bmre y y|bk hk mkpk ki|eze|ee kldeoey|}kebe haikhb lk} e ley~aoemehe|k|bk ~a~rhkebe lb k ybed~heik le}bi| o ki|eze|k|bk kiby|bek/


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9" leo|}b haire|a}ee ibha} lar iadroe|e(Zepe}r e Hkor}ehb( yro| lb b|oeb }ad( iadroeik}bk ir kib|ek }bkhepolr$yb lby|rh lb lejeieh/Yahrek kzr| o zblb}b lb bice~k haikh k jay| ed~heik}bk kr|a}e|ee haikhb o }bkhepk}bk roa}F}r~r}e lb Eoeek|ez Iadroe|k} ik eoy|}rdbo|b lb iadroeik}b leo|}b ib|boe e kr|a}e|e e( okibhke |ed~( ik de`hakib lb ~k}|eie~k}b k ib|boeha} hk ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}/ K jay| kzr|o zblb}b( lb kybdbobk( ed~heik}bk ikl}bha} lelki|eib o ki|eze|e irh|r}kh$blrik|ezb kl}byk|b|eob}eha} e ia~eeha} leo ibhb lar haikhe|e/

o|hoe}b iadroe|k} o iadrok Zepe}r

Ibhb lar lbpmk|b}e a}fkoepk|b kr yiay o bzelbo la}eok lb ed~heik}b k ib|boeha} oki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb o|}$a i| dke dk}b dyr}e obibye|k|bk lb k fye yahreek|| ~bo|}r ibhb dke ed~a}|ko|b ~}amhbdb khb iadroe|ee i| e ~bo|}r oezbhrh lb blrikeb yipr|o }olrh ~a~rhkebe }adb( e ed~heie| ~bo|}r he~yk lb koyb bfkhb lb kiiby ~b ~ekk droiee/ oikl}rh o|hoe}eha} k jay|( lb kybdbobk( lbdk}k| ~}aibyrh lb iaoy|e|re}b k roa} f}r~r}e lbeoeek|ez iadroe|k} hk ik}b y klb}b ro ord} i| dke dk}b lb ib|boe/


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9/;>/9/ ]biadkol}e

o kiby|b iaoleee( by|b lb la}e| ik kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh y lbpzah|b ibhb dke mrobdbikoeydb lb ed~heik}b k ib|boeha} o yahreaok}bk ~}amhbdbha} iadroe|k}b( kzol o zblb}bi( lb ibhb dke drh|b a}e( kib|ek }b~}bpeo| a }byr}y ybdoejeik|ez ~bo|}r ki|eze|k|bkkldeoey|}kebe( ~bo|}r lbpzah|k}bk iadroe|k} e k y~e}e|rhre iadroe|k}/ Lb kybdbobk(

kldeoey|}kek y lbpzah|b eoy|}rdbo|b lb iadroeik}b e lb iaa~b}k}b ir f}r~r}ehb lb eoeek|ezib|bobkyi( lk} o kibhke |ed~ y kyefr}b a }b~}bpbo|k}b bicehem}k| k lezb}ybha} |e~r}e lbeo|b}byb bsey|bo|b ~b ~hko haikh( ~rool kiibo|rh lb kybdbobk ~b }b~}bpbo|k}bk obzaeha}f}r~r}eha} lbjkza}epk|b e ir kiiby yipr| hk eoja}dkeb e }byr}yb o fbob}kh/

9/ ;;/ Dechboe #Ma|akoe%

9/;;/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

Yia~rh ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh hk oezbhrh iadrobe Dechboe k jay| ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} leohaikhe|k|b o }bkhepk}bk rore ~}aebi| lb iaoy|}re}b lb ~alr}e e ~albb( ~bo|}r k jkiehe|klbpzah|k}bk ieha} lb kiiby/

Amebi|ezbhb y|kmehe|b lb bice~k haikh( d~}bro ir iaa}laok|a}rh K^L kr jay|0 ]bkhepk}bk ~}ajehrhre iadroe|ee Dechboe( leo ~b}y~bi|ezk ieha} lb kiiby ykr lb

hbf|r} leo|}b ~}eoie~khbhb ~roi|b lb eo|b}by iadroe|k} e a}fkoepk}bk kiby|bek o zblb}bkkiby|be kieroe7

Bhkma}k}bk rore ~hko lb eo|b}zboeb haikh yrm ja}d lb ~}aebi| lb ki| oa}dk|ez7 Ed~hbdbo|k}bk e bzkhrk}bk ~}aebi|rhre lb eo|b}zboeb hk oezbh haikh/

9/;;/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

Kzol o zblb}b amebi|ezb ~}a~ryb( k jay| a}fkoepk| a o|hoe}b ~rmhei hk ik}b kr ~k}|eie~k|dbdm}e ke iade|b|rhre lb eoeek|ez }bkhepk| hk oezbhrh iadroe|ee( e o ik}b kr jay| ~}bpbo|k|b~roi|bhb lb zblb}b lejb}e|b khb }b~}bpbo|koeha} lejb}e|bha} f}r~r}e yaiekhb leo iadroe|k|b(ykhk}eke( adb}e( kf}eirh|a}e( ~boyeaok}e( ~bo|}r k iao|ebo|epk ed~a}|kok }bkhep}ee hk oezbh haikhk kiby|re ~}aebi|/ Leyireehb kr bzelboek| ro ord} dk}b lb a~eoee d~a|}ezk }bkhep}ee kiby|re~}aebi|( k}frdbo|ol o yboyrh bsey|bobe kh|a} ~}ea}e|e hk oezbh haikh/ o jeokh( y$k k`roy hk roiaoyboy ~}eo ed~heik}bk ha} le}bi| o lbyjr}k}bk kiby|re ~}aebi|/

o ~hry( y$k k~heik| ro icby|eaok} ~bo|}r k yr}~}eolb ~b}ib~eehb ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk eozby|eekik}b r}dbkp y yb }bkhepbpb o iadroe|k|b/ K~heik}bk icby|eaok}rhre k }bhebjk| ro eo|b}by i}byir|kh ib|boeha} jk lb ki|eze|k|bk kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb( lbe lejb}bobhb yb iao|r}bkp dkelbf}km o jroieb lb z}y|( kzol o zblb}b i |eob}ee kr jay| ibh dke ~reo eo|b}byke lbeozby|eeehb ik}b yb }bkhepbkp hk oezbhrh haikhe|ee( kib|ek kzol eo|boek lb k ~}ye haikhe|k|bk/

]b~}bpbo|koee kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb kr lbdk}k|( lb kybdbobk( a ikd~koeb lb eoja}dk}bk ~a|boekheha} jeokok|a}e ~bo|}r }bkhepk}bk ~alr}eha} e k ~albbha} ik}b za} jkiehe|k kiibyrh o eleo iadro/


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9:

9/;;/9/ ]biadkol}e

^}amhbdk i}riekh o lbyjr}k}bk ~hkorhre lb kierob zepk| lb bice~k lb ~}aebi| k jay| jeokok}bkobibyk} }bkhep}ee eozby|eeeha}( ibbk ib k i}bk| amy|kiahb o }by~bi|k}bk ~hkoejei}ee eoeekhb/ Ir|ak|b kiby|bk( k~heik}bk db|albha} lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha} k jay| a~a}|ro( lolaikpek kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb y kem a zeperob dke kd~h kyr~}k ~b}ib~ebe ib|boeha} ir

~}eze}b hk ~}ea}e|ehb iadroe|ee e hk ley~aoemehe|k|bk lb k yb ed~heik o kh|b ~a|boekhb eoeek|ezb/

9/;=/ Zahro|k}e #Ehjaz%

9/;=/;/ Lbyi}eb}bk ky~bi|bha} ~}eoie~khb khb ~}aebi|rhre

Yia~rh ~}aebi|rhre k jay| y|edrhk}bk eoja}d}ee e k ed~hei}ee ib|boeha} o jroieaok}bkyb}zeierhre lb zahro|k}ek| ~bo|}r ye|rkee lb r}fbo hk oezbhrh a}krhre Zahro|k}e/

9/;=/=/ Db|alb e eoy|}rdbo|b lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b k ib|boeha}

Amebi|ezbhb e ki|eze|ehb y|kmehe|b lb bice~k haikhe lb iaa}laok|a}rh K^L kr jay|0

}bkhepk}bk robe ikd~koee lb eoja}dk}b ir ~}eze}b hk obibye|k|bk e amhefk|eze|k|bk ojeeo}eerore yb}zeier lb zahro|k}ek| ~bo|}r ye|rkee lb r}fbo hk oezbhrh a}krhre Zahro|k}e7

Y|edrhk}bk ed~hei}ee le}bi|b k ib|boeha} o jroieaok}bk yb}zeierhre7 Eoy|}re}bk ibha} eo|b}byke( y ~k}|eie~b ~b |bdk ~}bzboe}ee eoiboleeha} e k |bcoeieha} lb

a~}e}b k eoiboleeha}7 Ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~}a~}er$pey k yb}zeierhre/

9/;=/9/ ]biadkol}e

o iaoleeehb lejeirh|eha} lb iadroeik}b ir kr|a}e|ehb okeaokhb e `rlbbob ~bo|}red~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkorhre( ~}aebi|rh lb i}bk}b k rore yb}zeier ~bo|}r ye|rkee lb r}fbo by|b o ir}ylb ed~hbdbo|k}b( ek} }biadkol}ehb yb }bjb} hk a dke mro damehepk}b k }byr}ybha} bsey|bo|b hkoezbhrh kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb( ybdoejeik|ezb( lb kh|jbh( o yboyrh robe dke mrob ed~hei}e kib|boeha} o ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}/

o ~hry( kldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh k}b bs~b}ebo o ed~heik}bk ib|boeha} o ki|eze|ehb

lbdk}k|b e o lbyjr}k}bk lb ~}aibyb lb eoja}dk}b( ik}b za} jkiehe|k ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~}aebi|rhre~}a~ry e mrok jroieaok}b k yb}zeierhre ~rmhei/


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96

Iaoihrpee e }biadkol}e

Ki|eze|ehb lb ed~hbdbo|k}b k ~hkor}eha} lb kierob haikh o ikl}rh ~}aebi|rhre Zkha}ebr}a~bob o frzb}ok}bk haikh bzelboekp a yb}eb lb eoeek|ezb lbaybme|b( k i}a} a~a}|roe|k|b ebjeiebo k jay| ehry|}k| o ikl}rh ki|eze|eha} lbyjr}k|b o eo|b}zkhrh lb k~}asedk|ezkyb hroe oik}b ed~hbdbo|k}bk ~hkor}eha} k kzr| hai/ Ibhb dke drh|b leo|}b eoeek|ezbhb ~}adazk|b lbkldeoey|}kek ~rmhei haikh y$kr ik}ki|b}epk| ~}eo iab}bo( klk~|k}b hk iaoleeehb haikhb e}bfeaokhb( y~biejeie|k|b e bicehem}r/

oy( kk ird b}k ko|eie~k| e o ~k}|bk eoeekh k kiby|re }k~a}|( ~hkor}ehb lb kierob ~}adazk|b oibhb ;= haikhe|e y$kr kl}byk| robe k}ee hk}fe lb ~}amhbdb7 ir |ak|b kiby|bk( yia~rh jeokh khed~hei}ee |r|r}a} kldeoey|}keeha} ~rmheib haikhb k jay| ~}adazk}bk zkha}eha} lbdai}kebe~k}|eie~k|ezb e k zkha}eha} br}a~bob o }bhkek ib|boe kr|a}e|e haikhb/ Kyaieb}bk kiby|re yia~jeokh ir lejb}e|b ~}ea}e|e bsey|bo|b o iadroe|k|b( ed~hei( hk oezbh fhamkh( ~ayemehe|k|bk ihkyejei}ee~hkor}eha} lb kierob o |}be dk}e ik|bfa}ee/

Ky|jbh( ~}edk ik|bfa}eb lb ~}aebi|b yb }bjb} hk ~}adazk}bk ~}eda}lekh k eoeek|ezbha} lbeoja}dk}b k ib|boeha}( e leo kibky| ik|bfa}eb jki ~k}|b ~}aebi|bhb ed~hbdbo|k|b o CbdbereHrepe Ihrf}k #`rlbrh Mkir% e o ^rieakyk #`rlbrh Ldmazek%/ Kiby|bk kr kzr| l}b~| yia~~}eoie~kh dmro|e}bk }bhkebe leo|}b kr|a}e|ehb haikhb e ib|boe( ~b lb a ~k}|b( eeo|boyejeik}bk iaoyboyrhre ir ~}eze}b hk lbpzah|k}bk iadroe|k} e le}bieehb lb kierob ~b ~hkohaikh/

o kh laehbk }ol( bsey| a ik|bfa}eb kd~h k ~}aebi|bha} ik}b kr zepk| }bkhepk}bk roa} amebi|ezb lbeoj}ky|}ri|r}( jeb i by|b za}mk lb ie lb kiiby( }boaz}e e kdbok`}e lb amebi|ezb lb`k bsey|bo|b(ykr iaoy|}re}bk lb ibo|}b iadroe|k}b/ o kibky| ik|bfa}eb eo|} ~}aebi|bhb leo Jah|b|e #`rlbrhFkhke%( J}bibe #`rlbrh \rhibk%( Dechboe #`rlbrh Ma|akoe%( Yhamapek M}klrhre e Zo|a}e#`rlbrh Z}koibk%( \bice}fceah #`rlbrh Iaoy|kok% e Zepe}r #`rlbrh M}ehk%/ ]b~}bpbo|oleozby|eee lb dk}b zkhak}b( kr jay| fbob}k|b lejeirh|e khb bice~bha} haikhb lb k }k~a}|k }bprh|k|biaoi}b|b hk yj}e|rh ~hkorhre lb kierob haikh( jeeol zepk|b lak} b|k~bhb eoeekhb khb ed~hbdbo|}eee( o ~}eoie~kh( kyefr}k}bk iad~aobo|be lb eoja}dk}b e iaoyrh|k}b ib|bobkyi/

o kh |}behbk }ol( a rh|ed ik|bfa}eb lb ~}aebi|b ir~}eolb eoeek|ezbhb lb ojeeok}b lb yb}zeiee

~rmheib iadroe|k}b/ Kibky|k k jay| ye|rkek o Mhb`ae #`rlbrh ^}kcazk% e Zahro|k}e #`rlbrhEhjaz%( rolb kldeoey|}keehb ~rmheib haikhb kr lbiey ed~heik}bk o ~}aebi|b ik}b kr l}b~| yia~a}fkoepk}bk lb yb}zeiee lb eo|b}zboee o ye|rkee lb r}fbo/

]b~k}|epk}bk ~}aebi|bha} o ibhb |}be dk}e ik|bfa}ee ehry|}bkp |boleok }b~}bpbo|koeha}kldeoey|}kebe ~rmheib haikhb lb k kia}lk a k|boeb ybdoejeik|ez amebi|ezbha} dk`a}b lb hk oezbhhaikh( ir yia~rh i}b|b}ee ik~kie|ee kldeoey|}k|ezb ~}eo i}b|b}bk ik~kie|ee kiby|a} kr|a}e|e ojr}oepk}bk lb yb}zeiee ~rmheib e fby|eaok}bk bjeiebo| k yb}zeieeha} ~rmheib lbyibo|}khepk|b/

^b}ja}dkobhb ~}aebi|bha} y$kr oyi}ey o|}$ro }bfey|}r lby|rh lb zk}ek|( oy ir ib}|e|rleob yb

~ak|b kje}dk i bice~bhb lb ~}aebi| kr ybhbi|k| e k~heik| ro ord} dk}b lb db|alb lb eoja}dk}be iaoyrh|k}b/ Ir |ak|b i kr bsey|k| e robhb leyjroieaokhe|e( byboekhrh k jay| kibhk lb k lbdk}koe|b ~}aibyb lb ed~heik}b k ib|boeha}( ik}b( lbe or kr jay| a oar|k|b kmyahr| ~bo|}r robhb


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93

kldeoey|}kee( kr }b~}bpbo|k| o ~}edrh }ol a a~a}|roe|k|b }bkh lb kyedehk oae db|alb eeoy|}rdbo|b lb eo|b}kierob ir ib|boee/ o kh laehbk }ol( ~hkor}ehb ed~hbdbo|k|b y$kr iaoy|e|re|o dalbhb lb }bhkeaok}b o|}b kldeoey|}keb e khe ki|a}e leo iadroe|k|b( jeb i yro| ib|boe(f}r~r}e lb eoeek|ez( kyaiekee lb ib|boe ykr khe jki|a}e eo|b}byke/

Kiby| ~}aebi| k ~hbik| lb hk a zeperob lby~}b ~k}|eie~k}b ~rmhei ik}b ir~}eolb |}be dk}e

iad~aobo|b0

Eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} o ikl}rh i}bek kldeoey|}kek ajb} eoja}dkee ik}b h jki ~bib|bko y obhbkf ok|r}k ~}amhbdbha}( yahreehb ~ayemehb( mbobjeieehb e }eyir}ehbkiby|a}k/

Iaoyrh|k}bk ib|boeha} o ikl}rh i}bek ib|boee e bs~}ed ro ~roi| lb zblb}b ir~}eze}b hk ~}a~rob}ehb lb yahree ykr hk lbiepeehb kldeoey|}kebe( ik}b by|b kzr| o zblb}b lbi|}b kr|a}e|e o ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepebe jeokhb/

^k}|eie~k}bk ib|boeha} kldeoey|}kek e ib|boee lbpmk| d~}bro ~}amhbdbhb(elbo|ejeie ~}a~ro yahree e kh|b}ok|ezb/

Eoja}dk}bk iadroe|ee o hbf|r} ir ki|eze|ehb kr|a}e|eha}

^bo|}r k ~r|bk za}me lb a }bhkeb bjeiebo| o|}b kr|a}e|k|bk haikhe ib|boe( |}bmreb eobze|kmeh ykzbd o zblb}b jk~|rh i ~}edrh ~ky by|b a eoja}dk}b ia}bi| k ib|boeha}( eoja}dk}b ik}b or|}bmreb yk jeb ro yia~ o yeob( ie y r}d}bkyi0

Bzelboeb}bk ihk} k ki|eze|ee kldeoey|}kebe ^}bf|e}bk ib|boeha} o zblb}bk iaoyrh|}ee ~b a korde| ~}amhbd Blrik}bk ib|boeha} ~b a korde| ~}amhbd ~b ik}b kldeoey|}kek la}b|b y a }bpahzb

Kyefr}k}bk rore i| dke dk}b f}kl lb |}koy~k}bo o ki|rh lbiepeaokh

Eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} ir ~}eze}b hk lbpmk|b}ehb ~hkoejeik|b o bleobhb Iaoyeherhre Haikh( hklk|bhb hk ik}b za} kzbk hai bleobhb( k} |}bmre y kem ro ik}ki|b} ~b}dkobo|( ek} eoja}dkek y jebhk}f leybdeok| hk oezbhrh iadroe|ee/ ^rmheik}bk Ca|}}eha} Iaoyeherhre Haikh e k ~}aibybha}

zb}mkhb lb bleo k} |}bmre lb kybdbobk jir|b ~rmheib ~}eo de`hakibhb ~b ik}b kr|a}e|ehb hb krhk ley~apeeb/ ^bo|}r i}b|b}bk f}klrhre lb |}koy~k}boe }by~aoykmehe|k|b o ki|rh lb frzb}ok}bhaikh( k|| ~}edk}ee i| e iaoyeheb}ee haikhe k} |}bmre y jki ~rmheib }k~ak}|b korkhb lb ki|eze|k|bik}b( bzbo|rkh( y jeb kokhepk|b e lbpm|r|b o ikl}rh roa} bleob ~rmheib khb Iaoyeherhre Haikh/

K~heik}bk dbikoeydbha} lb eoja}dk}b le}bi| k ib|boeha} o ikl}rh kieroeha} iadroe|k}bir~}eoyb o kiby| ~}aebi| kr fbob}k| oae ~ayemehe|e lb }bhkeaok}b ir ib|boee/ Eoy|e|reaokhepk}bkroa} ky|jbh lb dbikoeydb #krleb}e ~rmheib( lbpmk|b}e |bdk|eib }bfrhk|b ~b ~}ea}e|e lb lbpzah|k}bk iadroe|ee( yi}eya}e lb eoja}dk}b |}koydeyb i|}b ib|boe b|i/% k} je lb ok|r} y kyefr}b a dkemro iadroeik}b leo|}b kr|a}e|e e ib|boe( k} kzbk bjbi|b le}bi|b kyr~}k f}klrhre lb eoja}dk}bk ib|boeha} e( eole}bi|( kyr~}k oezbhrhre lb ~k}|eie~k}b hk ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}/ okibbke heoeb yb oyi}eb e ojeeok}bk !iaoyahelk}bk rore iad~k}|edbo| #ykr lbhbfk}bk robe~b}yakob% ik}b y kem }by~aoykmehe|k|bk }bkhep}ee iadroei}ee e k iaoyrh|}ee ~b}dkobo|b kkr|a}e|ee haikhb ir ib|bkorh #a}fkoepk}bk roa} o|hoe}e ~rmheib ~b |bdb lb eo|b}by ~bo|}riadroe|k|b( }bkhepk}bk e ley|}emre}bk lb bzbo|rkhb mrhb|eob eoja}dk|ezb b|i/%/

Kh|b de`hakib ik}b k} ~r|bk je jahaye|b lb kr|a}e|ehb haikhb leo ibhb ;= haikhe|e k} ~r|bk je0 ]bkhepk}bk ! dmro|e}bk ~kfeoee vbm lb ~}bpbo|k}b k ki|eze|ee kr|a}e|eha} e k


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eoja}dkeeha} ~rmheib lb eo|b}by fbob}kh ~bo|}r iadroe|k|b i}bk}bk ! iaoyahelk}bk robe mrob }bhkee ir ~}byk haikh #|}koyde|b}bk lb iadroeik|b lb

~}by( }bkhepk}bk }bfrhk| k roa} iaojb}eob lb ~}by% }bkhepk}bk e ley|}emre}bk i|}b ib|boe k rore mrhb|eo eoja}dk|ez hrok} kh kr|a}e|ee haikhb

#eoja}dkek }blki|k| o|}$a ja}d kiibyemeh k} |}bmre y iaoeok ibh ~reo0 lk|b lby~}bCa|}}ehb kla~|k|b lb Iaoyeherh Haikh( kfbolk lbpmk|b}eha} Iaoyeherhre e ~}af}kdrhkiby|a}k( b|i/%

Iaoyrh|k}bk e ~k}|eie~k}bk ib|boeha} hk ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}

^bo|}r i}b|b}bk |}koy~k}bobe e }by~aoykmehe|ee kr|a}e|eha} haikhb e( or o rh|edrh }ol(~bo|}r bjeiebo|epk}bk ~}aibyrhre lb frzb}ok}b haikh( lbielboee k} |}bmre y y|edrhbpb~k}|eie~k}bk ib|boeha} hk bleobhb Iaoyeherhre Haikh e( dke khby( y eoze|b hk lbpmk|b}e ib|boeeeo|b}byke o dal y~biekh lb a korde| ~}amhbd kjhk| ~b a}leobk lb pe/

o oeierok leo|}b ibhb ;= iadroe|e or yro| a}fkoepk|b o|hoe}e }bfrhk|b o|}b dbdm}eeIaoyeherhre Haikh e ib|boe/ Lb ibhb dke drh|b a}e( iaoyeheb}ee haikhe e ~}edk}ee yb o|hobyiy~a}klei e o|}$ro ikl}r eoja}dkh ir ib|boee/ Leo kiby| ~roi| lb zblb}b( by|b bzelbo|obibye|k|bk a}fkoep}ee roa} o|hoe}e ~}af}kdk|b khb kr|a}e|eha} ir ib|boee( ky|jbh oi| kib|eky jeb ~k}|b ki|ez hk ~}aibyrh lb hrk}b k lbiepeeha}/ Kiby| hri}r by|b }biadkolk| ir k|| dke drh|ir i| eo|b}byrh ib|boeha} lb k ~k}|eie~k hk hrk}bk lbiepeeha} by|b lby|rh lb dei leo ikrpk he~ybeki|ezeydrhre iadroe|k}( ~b lb a ~k}|b( ek} ~b lb kh| ~k}|b leo ikrpk he~ybe lb ~}bair~k}b kkr|a}e|ee ~bo|}r oir}k`k}bk ib|boeha} o k ~k}|eie~k hk lbiepek ik}b e ~}ezb|b o dal le}bi|/

Y|kmehe}bk rore ~}af}kd hrok} lb o|hoe}e o|}b iaoyeheb}ee haikhe e ib|boe( ~bo|}r leyir|k}bkroa} |bdb lb eo|b}by fbob}kh ykr y~biejei robe korde|b ik|bfa}ee lb ib|boe k} je a dalkhe|k|b

~}eo ik}b k} i}b|b ~b lb a ~k}|b f}klrh lb eoja}dk}b kh ib|boeha} e lb ib or( f}klrh lb~k}|eie~k}b k kiby|a}k hk hrk}bk lbiepeeha}( ek} ~b lb kh| ~k}|b k} i}b|b oezbhrh lb |}koy~k}boelb }by~aoykmehe|k|b k khbeha} haikhe( ir bjbi|b le}bi|b kyr~}k ki|rhre lb frzb}ok}b haikh/

K jay| }bdk}ik| ko|b}ea} i o robhb haikhe|e kr jay| y|kmehe|b f}r~r}e lb kierob e lb eoeek|ezib|bobkyi ir }ah iaoyrh|k|ez hk oezbhrh iadroe|ee/ By|b byboekh oy ik o ikprh kiby|a}k y jeblbjeoe|b k|}emree e }by~aoykmehe|e y~biejeib e

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Valori Europene in Guvernarea Locala - Raport

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