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Stresul ocupaional

Cmpean Raluca Iulia

Cristea Andreea EmanuelaFrancu Ioana

Oltean Iulia

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DEFINIIIIMODELETEORETICE

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Stresul ocupaional

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Modelul tranzacional al stresului(Lazarus i Folkman,1984)

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Modelul tranzacional al stresului(Lazarus i Folkman,1984)

Coping-ul are dou funcii (cit Schwarzer, 1998):

coping focalizat pe problem (problem-focused coping)

coping focalizat spre emoie (emotion focused coping)

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Model cognitiv-emoional(Liu & Perrewe, 2005)

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Modelul Solicitrilor i Controlului (Karasek,1979)

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CAUZE ALE STRESULUI IREACIILA STRES

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Cauze ale stresului

Gradul de expereniere a stresului depindede cele 2 mecanisme psihologice

protective

reacia de alarmare

adaptarea

=> dac una din cele dou nu funcioneaz,apare stresul

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Factori de la locul de munccauzatori de stres

Intrinseci jobului - condiii fizice, pericole fizice,suprasolicitare, orar prelungit

Rolul n organizaie ambiguitate de rol, conflictde rol, responsabilitate fa de oameni, conflicteorganizaionale

Relaii la job comunicare deficitar cu efii icolegii, probleme de delegare a sarcinilor

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Reaciila stres, S. Michie, 2002

Experenierea stresului i vulnerabilitateala efectele adverse difer

- resurse materiale (sigurana financiar)

- resurse psihologice (stima de sine)

- reacii emoionale - comportament competitiv

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Reaciila stres, S. Michie, 2002

emoionale (anxietate, depresie)

comportamentale (agresivitate)

fizice (migrene) cognitive (probleme de concentrare)

= > stresul persistent duce la modificri lanivel neuroendocrin, cardiovascular,

imunitar i chiar la boli fizice sau psihice

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Reaciila stres

Exist o relaie de interdependen ntrestarea de bine general, funcionarea lalocul de munc i tensiunea de la locul de

munc

Dac tensiunea este foarte mare saufaorte mica, starea de bine i functionareasunt slabe

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Consecinelestresului, H. Pitariu,2006

Fizice i fiziologice ulcer, dureri de spate,artrita, ritm cardiac, boli hormonale, boli

cardiovasculare

Psihologiceanxietate, depresie, insomnii,burnout, conflicte familiale, insatisfacii

Comportamentaleabsenteism, consum desubstane, alcool i tutun, sabotaj, performansczut, luare de decizii deficitar

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RELAIADINTRE STRESUL

OCUPAIONALIPERFORMA

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Stresul ocupaional i performanala locul de munc

1. Performana individual

2. Tipuri de relaii ntre stres i performan3. Variabile moderatoare

4. Instrumente de msurare

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Performana la locul de munc

o persoan i realizeazbine sarcinile aferente postuluipe care l ocup.

performanaeste un criteriu extrem de important carerelaioneaza cu rezultatele i succesul organizatiei

din perspectiv psihologica, Campbell descrie

performana la locul de munc ca fiind o variabila la nivelindividual. Astfel, performana este ceea ce o singurpersoanface. Acest lucru difereniazconceptul deperforman la locul de munc de alte constructe cum arfi performanaorganizaionala sau performana

naionala, acestea fiind variabile de nivel superior.

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Tipuri de relaiintre stres iperforman

1. o relaie negativ-linear(Gupta si Beehr,

1979; Westman si Eden, 1996)

- o meta-analiza realizat de Muse icolab. (2003) a artat c 47% din studiileanalizate susin acest relaie

2. o relaie pozitiv-linear(Meglino, 1977)

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Tipuri de relaiintre stres iperforman

3. o relaie curbilinie (n forma de U) (Yerkes

si Dodson,1908; Scott, 1966; Baddeley,

1972; Cohen, 1980 )

4. nicio relaie(Dubin, Hedley si Taveggia,

1976; Taveggia si Kapln, 1998; Taveggia

si Santos, 2001)

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Variabile moderatoare

n relaiastres-performan

Inteligena emoional(Diggins, 2004, Lyons, Schneider, 2005, Lopes si colab.,

2006, Slaski, Cartwright, 2002)

Capacitatea de munc(Te-Yi Chang si Yu-Lien Chung, 2007 )

- reduc efectul negativ al stresului asupra performanei

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Instrumente de msurare

Evaluarea stresului ocupaionalEx: Chestionarul de Evaluare a Stresului

Ocupatonal (Job Stress Survey, abv.JSS,Charles Spielberger, Peter Vagg, 1999)

Itemi: - Munca peste program-Alocarea de sarcini noi i nefamiliare

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Instrumente de msurare

Evaluarea performaneiEx: Scale de evaluare cu ancore

comportamentale

S.E.A.C

(sistem de apreciere propus de Smith iKendall)

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RELAIADINTRE STRESUL

OCUPAIONALISATISFACIE

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Satisfacia profesional

-judecata individului asupra ocupaiei salen termeni de favorabil sau nefavorabil(Motowildo,1996)

- o atitudine sau o stare emoionalpozitiv rezultat n urma unei evaluri

realizate de individ fa de postul pe care ldeine i fa de experienele sale cumunca (Locke, 1976)

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Antecedente, corelate iconsecineale

satisfacieiprofesionale ( Kinicki icolab.,

2002)

Antecedente

Corelate

Consecinte

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Teorii ale satisfaciei profesionale

A. Teoriile situaionale ale satisfaciei profesionale(Herzberg, 1966; Hackman & Oldham, 1976).

B. Teoriile dispoziionale ale satisfaciei profesionale( Judge, 1998)

C. Teoriile interactive ale satisfaciei profesionale

(Hulin, 1991; Locke, 1976).

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Relaia stres ocupationalsatisfacie profesional

- o relaie de cauzalitate direct ntrestresul ocupaional i satisfaciaprofesional (Campbell, Dunnette, Lawler, & Weick,1970; Spector, 1987; Rose, 2003 )

- relaia ntre stres ocupaional - satisfacie

profesional este moderat de diverifactori ( ex. Locke, 1976, Hulin, 1991, Arnold 2005).

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Relatie stres ocupaionalsatisfacie profesional

Instrumente folosite pentru evidenierea relaieistres- satisfacie cu munca

- chestionar cu itemi cotai pe o scar Likert de la 1 la 5(1=niciodat, 5=ntotdeauna)

- itemi fac referire la 3 seciuni: stres fiziologic

stres psihologicsatisfacie profesional

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Exemple de itemi

Physiological stress: (Seawards ,2005)1) Indigestion and/or abdominal pain.

2) Weight loss or weight gain

Psychological Stress (Beehr et al.,2001; Cox et al.,2000;Newell,2002).

3) Find it difficult to control emotions.

4) Feel confuse and/or cannot concentrate.

Job Satisfaction (Dua, 1994;Fairbrother &Warn, 2003;Smith

et al.,1969; Sullivan &Bhagat)

2) I am satisfied with my chances for salary increases.

3) The work I do is appreciated

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Rezultate

-stresul fiziologic influeneazn mod direct satisfaciaprofesional,n timp ce stresul psihologic are efect moderator n relaie cusatisfacia profesional(Ismail, Yao, Kamal Yeop Yunus, 2009)

- exist diferene de gen n percepia stresului ocupaional i asatisfaciei profesionale ( McKean et al, 2000)

- insecuritatea locului de munc descrete satisfacia profesional iaccentueaz simptomele fizice ale stresului (Heaby, Israel, House,1994)

- comparnd sursele satiscaiei profesionale n rndul directorilorcolari, s-a identificat c pentru cei care au raportat satisfacie cumunca ar fi: factorii interpersonali, n timp ce pentru cei care nu au

raportat satisfacie profesional cauzele s-ar datora factorilorpersonali i structurali (Chaplain, 2001)

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MANAGEMENTUL STRESULUI

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Intervenii la nivel primar pentru aminimaliza/ elimina stresorii:

- cultura organizaionali climatul organizaional

- mbuntirea percepiilor controlului asupra muncii

- managementul stresului legat de cerinele muncii

- controlul stresului legat de cariera- insecuritatea muncii i oportuniti limitate de dezvoltare acarierei

- managementul stresului creat de o muncnestimulanti

plictisitoare- mecanisme alternative pentru ndeplinirea sarcinilor ca o

intervenie de control al stresului

- managemntul stresului legat de problemele de rol

- negocierea rolului ca i mecanism de control al stresului

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Bibliografie

C. Heaney, B. Israel,J.House,1994,Chronic job insecurity among automobile workers:

Effects on job satisfaction and health, Social Science & Medicine, 1431-1437

Chung-Lim, H., Wing-Tung, A. (2006). Teaching Satisfaction Scale: Measuring Job

Satisfaction of Teachers.Educational and Psychological Measurement , 66, 172-185

Judge, T., Parker, S., Colbert,A., Heler,D., Ilies, R.,(2002). Job Satisfaction: a Cross- Cultural

Review. n Anderson, N., Ones, D., Sinangil, H., Viswesvaradan,C.,Handbook of Industrial,Work and Organizational Psychology (pg. 25-53)

Azman Izmail, Yeo Suh-Suh, Mohd Naeim Ajis i Noor Faizzah Dolah (2009).

Relationship between Occupational Stress, Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: AnEmpirical Study in Malaysia

Pitariu, D. (2006). Proiectarea fielor de post, evaluarea posturilor de munc i apersonalului: Ed. Irecson

http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02779536http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02779536http://www.powerpointstyles.com/

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Bibliografie

Te-Yi Chang i Yu-Lein Chang (2007). Relationship Between Role Stress and Job

Performance in Salespeople Employed by Travel Agents in Taiwan. In Intrenational Jurnal of

Stress Management, Vol.14, Nr.2 (p.211-223)

Stoica, M., (2007). - Stres, personalitate i performan in eficiena managerial, EdituraRisoprint, Cluj Napoca.

Jamal, M. (2007). Job Stress and Job Performance Controversy Revisted: An Empirical

Examination in Two Countries. In Intrenational Jurnal of Stress Management, Vol.14, Nr.2

(p.175-187)

Michie S. (2002). Causes and management of stress at work.Occup Environ Med, Nr. 59, (p.

67-72)

Lazarus S., Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. NY: Springer

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V mulumim pentru atenia

acordat

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