Sfaturi pentru invatarea limbii engleze

Sfaturi pentru invatarea limbii engleze

Invatarea unei limbi straine este asemenea unei calatorii. Aceasta calatorie poate fi placuta si interesanta, sau obositoare si dificila. Va oferim aici cateva sfaturi cu ajutorul carora sa va puteti bucura mai mult de aceasta minunata experienta!

Eficienta, eficienta, eficienta

Nu este un secret ca o limba straina se invata cel mai bine atunci cand locuiesti in mijlocul celor care vorbesc aceasta limba. Interactiunea contiuna este cel mai eficient mod de a invata o limba straina. Dar, daca nu planuiti sa va mutati prea curand in S.U.A., exista si alte solutii. Cautati un vorbitor fluent de limba engleza (chiar daca nu este strain) si petreceti cat mai mult timp impreuna, straduindu-va sa vorbiti numai si numai in limba engleza. Incet-incet, muzicalitatea limbii engleze va va deveni tot mai familiara si veti culege cuvinte noi din mers.

Pe locul al treilea se afla mijloacele multimedia, in special filmele si muzica in limba engleza, eventual subtitrate. Faceti rost de cat mai multe filme in limba engleza si uitati-va la ele din nou si din nou. Nu conteaza foarte mult calitatea filmului, important este sa fie foare multe dialoguri si eventual sa se vorbeasca clar (accente jamaicane sau irlandeze nu va sunt de prea mult folos in aceasta faza a procesului de invatare). Foarte multi tineri au invatat limba engleza de la desene animate si dallas (pe cand cartoon-network era in engleza).Pe locul patru se afla CD-urile speciale pentru invatarea limbii engleze, de genul Rosseta Stone sau Pimsleur, care sunt bunicele, dar raportul pret calitate le dezavantajeaza. Vom vorbi despre ele pe larg in viitor.Cititul este un alt mijoc de exersare a limbii engleze. In ziua de azi, pe langa biblioteci si librarii, veti gasi enorm de mult material de citit pe internet.

De asemenea nu trebuie subestimata puterea jocurilor in invatarea unei limbi straine.

Pe viitor vom trata toti acesti pasi in detaliu.

Pana atunci succes si nu uitati, have fun!Where there's a will there's a way.Unde este vointa se gaseste si posibilitate.

You can't have your cake and eat it too.Nu poti sa ai prajitura si sa o si mananci.

You can't tell a book by it's cover.Nu poti judeca o carte dupa copertile ei.

Actions speak louder than words.Faptele vorbesc mai tare decat cuvintele.

Don't wash your dirty linen in public.Nu-ti spala rufele murdare in public.

There is more than one way to skin a cat.Exita mai multe modalitati de a jupui o pisica. (Cu sensul de: sunt mai multe moduri in care poti sa faci un anumit lucru)

Don't put all your eggs in one basket.Nu-ti pune toate ouale intr-un singur cos.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.O pasare in mana face mai mult decat doua pasari din tufis.

As you make your bed, so you must lie upon it.Asa cum iti faci patul, trebuie sa dormi in el.

He who laughs last laughs best.Cine rade la urma rade mai bine.

Cuvinte necesare

Bine ati venit in sectiunea Cuvinte necesare.

Aici gasiti cele mai importante cuvinte din limba engleza .Adjectiveable = capabil (to be able to do something = a fi n stare sa faca ceva

absent = absent; (absent minded neatent, distrat )

active = activ, energic; agil

actual = real, adevarat, veritabil

afraid = speriat; (to be afraid of a-i fi teama de; I am afraid not cred ca nu)

alive = (de) viu; (Look alive! Misca-te! )

ancient = antic; vechi

angry = mnios, suparat; (to be angrily somebody a se supara pe cineva)

appropriate = potrivit, convenabil

asleep = adormit, (fast asleep dormind profund)

available = disponibil; folositor; de gasit

awake = treaz; constient

aware = constient ( awareness = constienta )

bad = rau, imoral( bad language = cuvinte de ocara); neplacut( bad weather = vreme rea);

de calitate proasta (bad translation = traducere proasta )

basic = de baza, fundamental, esential

beautiful = foarte frumos, magnific

big = mare; important; vast; ncins, mpresmuit; corpolent;

( to grow big = a se ngrasa; to tolk big = a lua pe cineva de sus )

bitter = acerb, aspru, amar; nversunat; patrunzator; riguros

black = negru; brun; (fig) obscur, sumbru, trist

blind = orb, obscur; insensibil la

blue = albastru;( the blues = proasta dispozitie; blues = (melodie) bluz )

brave = curajos, brav, viteaz; (fig) faimos, excelent

bright = stralucitor; vese; politicos; luminos;destept, ager (bright faces= fete vesele);

brilliant = stralucitor, sclipitor

broad = larg; mare, gros, ntins; vast; deschis la minte

brown = brun, brunet, oaches; maro, cafeniu; saten; sumbru;

( in a brown study = cufundat n gnduri )

busy = agitat, ocupat; n miscare; neastmparat, zburdalnic; srguincios, zelos, prompt

calm = calm; linistit; (to get calm = a se calma )

capitalist = capitalist

careful = atent; grijuliu; prudent, econom; plin de griji, ngrijorat

central = central; important; principal

certain = sigur; convins; oarecare ( for certain = cu siguranta; a certain person = o oarecare persoana )

cheap = ieftin; prost; fara valoare

chemical = chimic

clean = curat; nevinovat; pur

clear = clar, limpede; curat; lamurit

clever = istet; priceput; destept

close = apropiat; nchis; (close at hand = prin apropiere; close to = aproape de; close friend = prieten apropiat)

cold = rece; neprietenos

comfortable = comod; confortabil; ( make yourself comfortable = fa-te comod )

common = comun, obisnuit; al tuturor; (the common man = omul de pe strada )

communist = comunist

complete = complet, ntreg

complex = complex; complicat

concerned = preocupat, interesat, grijuliu

conscious = constient (de)

content = multumit

contrary = contrar, nefavorabil

cool = racoros; rece; calm (keep cool= fii calm )

cruel = crud; nemilos

curious = curios; dornic sa stie; ciudat

current = n uz; curent; actual

damp = umed

dangerous = periculos

dark = ntunecos; de culoare nchisa; neplacut

dead = mort; amortit;( the dead of night toiul noptii; dead-end = fundatura; dead sure = foarte sigur)

deaf = surd

dear = drag; scump ( she is a dear = e o dulceata

deep = adnc; profund

delicate = fin; fragil; delicat

delightful = ncntator; minunat

dependent = dependent

different = diferit

difficult = greu, dificil

direct = drept; direct; sincer

dirty = murdar; obscen

due = datorat; cuvenit;( due to = datorita; due = datorie,cotizatie )

dull = tern; mohort; prost; plictisitor; bont

dumb = mut

dusty = prafos, prafuit

early = timpuriu; la nceput de

easy = usor; tihnit

economic = economic

elastic = elastic; flexibil

electric = electric

empty = gol; nelocuit; fara continu

equal = egal; (equal to = n stare sa )

exact = exact; precis

excited = emotionat, excitat, surescitat, enervat

fair = drept; cinstit, rezonabil; potrivit; frumos; blond; corect

false = fals; gresit

familiar = familiar

famous = celebru; renumit

far = departe; mult; (so far = pna acum; so far, so good = pna acum toate bune; far and away = de departe;)

fat = gras; garnisit; ( fat- head = prostanac )

fertile = roditor, prolific

few = putin, putina

final = final; decisiv; definitiv

financial = financiar

fine = senin; bun; fin; ascutit; (one fine day = ntr-o buna zi;)

firm = tare; solid; ferm; sigur

foggy = cetos; vag

following = urmator

foolish = prostesc

foreign = strain; extern

free = liber; generos

frequent = frecvent; obisnuit

fresh = proaspat; curat; aprins; ndraznet; (fresh water = apa dulce )

friendly = prietenos; amical

funny = nostim; caraghios; ciudat

full = plin; bucalat; ntreg (full stop = punct )

general = general; vag; nedefinit ( as a general rule = n general )

gentle = blnd; tandru; prietenos; placut; lin

glad = bucuros; mbucurator; (glad rags = haine de sarbatoare )

good = bun; cum trebuie; cumsecade; benefic; capabil; placut; (to have a good time = a se distra;

in good time = la timpul potrivit; as good as = aproape; good-for-nothing = neispravit;

good looking = frumos; good-natured = altruist; good sense = bun simt )

grateful = recunoscator

great = mare; bun; important; minunat; (great coat = palton)

greedy = lacom

green = verde; crud; neexperimentat

grey = cenusiu, gri, plumburiu, sur

guilty = vinovat

handsome = aratos; generos

happy = fericit

hard = tare; dur; greu; dificil; aspru; puternic ( a hard nut to crack = o problema grea; hard-hearted =insensibil )

healthy = sanatos; benefic

heavy = greu; greoi; nchis; sumbru; plicticos; (heavy-handed = nendemnatic; heavy-hearted = ndurerat; )

high = nalt; important; acut; nobil; (high and low = toate paturile sociale )

honest = sincer; cinstit

hot = fierbinte; iute; violent; ritmat

human = uman

hungry = flamand

ill = bolnav; prost; rau; aspru

important = important; de vaza

impossible = imposibil

independent = independent

individual = individual

industrial = industrial

injured = ranit; vatamat; ofensat

intelligent = inteligent

interesting = interesant

international = international

joint = comun, unic

kind = bun; prietenos; amabil

large = mare; ntins; deschis (la minte)

last = ultim; recent

late = trziu; ntrziat; fost; decedat

lazy = lenes

left = stng

legal = legal

likely = probabil

little = mic; micut; putin; tnar; putin; (little by little = treptat; after a little = dupa putin)

local = local

lonely = singuratic; izolat; retras

long = lung; mult; mare;

loose = slobod; liber; larg; imoral; vag;( to have a screw loose a-i lipsi o doaga )

loud = tare

low = scund; jos; redus; mic; scazut; primar, umil

lucky = norocos

main = principal

major = major, important

many = multi; multe (one too many = n plus )

material = material; esential; de baza

medical = medical

merry = vesel

mild = blnd; slab

military = militar

modern = modern

much = mult

narrow = ngust; limitat; mic; strict

national = national

natural = natural; normal; nnascut

nearby = aproape; apropiat; meschin

necessary = necesar

nervous = nervos; speriat

neutral = impartal

new = nou; modern

next = urmator, viitor; (next to nothing = aproape nimic)

nice = dragut; placut; frumos; bun; subtil

noisy = zgomotos

normal = normal

north = nordic

nuclear = nuclear

old = batrn; vechi; demodat; versat

only = singur

open = deschis; neacoperit; liber, sincer

opposite = opus; omolog; de vis-a-vis

original = original; initial

other = alt; diferit

oval = oval

own = propriu; personal

pale = palid; deschis, pal

particular = particular; exact; pretentios

past = ultim

peaceful = pasnic, tihnit

peculiar = caracteristic; specific; ciudat; deosebit

perfect = perfect; complet; notoriu

permanent = nencetat, permanent

personal = personal; particular

pleasant = placut; agreabil

polite = politicos; rafinat

political = politic

poor = sarac; sarman; biet; umil

popular = popular

popular = popular

powerful = puternic

pretty = dragut; frumos; placut; mult

previous = anterior; precedent

present = prezent; de fata; actual

private = particular; propriu; secret; intim; (private! = intrarea oprita )

professional = profesional; profesionist

public = public; popular; deschis; renumit ( publicschool =liceu particular )

quick = rapid; vioi; ager; inteligent

quiet = linistit; tacut; cuminte; placut

rapid = rapid; abrupt

ready = gata; pregatit; prompt; la ndemna

real = real; natural; adevarat; imobiliar

realistic = realist

reasonable = rational; ntelept; moderat; acceptabil; drept; cinstit

recent = recent

red = rosu (red-letter day = zi de sarbatoare; red -handed = (prins) asupra faptului )

regular = regulat; obisnuit; normal; adevarat

responsible = responsabil

rich = bogat; luxos; costisitor; satios; abundent

right = corect; drept; just; exact; bun; potrivit

roast = fript, prajit

rough = aspru; agitat; brut; dur (rough copy = ciorna )

round = rotund; circular; n circuit

royal = regal

sacred = sacru; solemn

sad = trist; mohort

safe = ferit; sigur; sanatos; precaut; seif

same = acelasi

satisfactory = satisfacator

scientific = stiintific; experimentat

secret = secret; ascuns; izolat

serious = serios; grav; de nadejde; sever

several = mai multi

significant = important

sharp = ascutit; ironic; abrupt; iute (la gust); patrunzator; abil; crncen

short = brusc; scurt, pe termen scurt

sick = bolnav; abatut ( sick -leave = concediu medical)

similar = asemanator; identic

simple = simplu; necomplicat; usor; neprefacut; pur; fraier; neimportant; incult

single = singur; numai unul; necasatorit ( single-minded = cu o idee fixa)

sincere = sincer; neprefacut

sleepy = somnoros; plicticos; rascopt

slow = lent; greoi (la minte) (a slow train = tren personal )

small = mic; neimportant, marunt; umil, sarac

smooth = neted; plan; lins; lin; placut

social = social

socialist = socialist

soft = moale; catifelat; fin; nealcolic; dulce; matasos; linistit; milos; slab; molatic

(soft boiled = (ou) moale; soft palate = cerul gurii)

solid = solid; masiv; robust; durabil

sorry = mhnit; suparat

sour = acru

special = special; deosebit; extraordinar

specific = specific; tipic; precis

square = (la) patrat; ntins; categoric ( square brackets = paranteze drepte; square root = radacina patrata )

still = linistit; tacut (still life = natura moarta)

stormy = furtunos, vijelios

straight = drept; n ordine; direct, sincer

strange = ciudat; strain

strong = puternic; solid

stupid = prost

successful = victorios; reusit

sure = sigur

sweet = dulce; proaspat; potabil; placut (sweet meat = bomboana)

tall = nalt; exagerat

terrible = groaznic; enorm; deprorabil

thick = gros; dens; des; prost; (thick with = plin de; thick set = mic si ndesat )

thin = subtire; slab; redus; rar

thirsty = nsetat; uscat

tired = obosit

traditional = stramosesc; traditional

trip =

true = adevarat; loial; exact

top = de deasupra; de sus; maxim

total = total; complet

ugly = urt; amenintator; dificil

useful = util; capabil

usual = obisnuit

valuable = valoros

various = divers; diferit

violent = violent; puternic

warm = cald; entuziast; milos

weak = slab; slabit; apos; nepriceput; moale

wealthy = bogat

wet = ud; umed; ploios (wet nurse = doica )

white = alb; palid (white coffee = cafea cu lapte; white-haired carunt )

whole = ntreg; nevatamat; tot ( whole meal = faina integrala )

wide = larg; lat; spatios; vast; larg deschis

wild = salbatic; barbar; crud; violent; furios; nesabuit

wise = cu scaun la cap; ntelept; prevazator

wonderful = minunat

worth = n valoare de; valoros; care merita

wrong = gresit; fals; incorect; rau; nepotrivit

yellow = galben; las

young = tnar; la nceput; novice

Numerale zero = zero = 0

one = unu = 1

two = doi = 2

three = trei = 3

four = patru = 4

five = cinci = 5

six = sase = 6

seven = sapte = 7

eight = opt = 8

nine = noua = 9

ten = zece = 10

eleven = unsprezece = 11

twelve = doisprezece = 12

thirteen = treisprezece = 13

twenty = douazeci = 20

thirty = treizeci = 30

fifty = cincizeci = 50

hundred = suta = 100

thousand = mie = 1.000

million = milion = 1.000.000

first = prim; nti ( first rate = de calitate)

second = al doilea

third = al treilea; a treia

fourth = al patrulea

fifth = al cincilea

sixth = al saselea

seventh = al saptelea

eighth = al optulea

ninth = al noualea

tenth = al zecelea

eleventh = al unsprezecelea

twelfth = al doisprezecelea

thierteenth = al treisprezecelea

twentieth = al douazecilea

thirtieth = al treizecilea

fiftieth = al cincecilea

once = o data;( once a week = o data pe saptamna; once more = nca o data; once and again = din cnd n cnd;

at once = imediat; all at once = dintr-o data )

twice = de doua ori; (twice as much = de doua ori pe att )

double = dublu

Verbe accept = a accepta; a recunoaste

accuse = a acuza

acquire = a dobndi; a-si forma

act = a actiona; a se comporta

add = a adauga; a aduna; a uni

to add to = a spori

advance = a nainta, a avansa

advise = a recomanda; a sfatui; a preveni de

agree = a consimti; a fi de acord; a se ntelege (bine)

amuse = a (se) distra; a (se) amuza

answer = a raspunde

apologize = a cere scuze

appear = a aparea; a parea ; a se arata; a se prezenta (la)

apply = a aplica; apply (to)= a se adresa; a pune (frna); a se aplica; a corespunde;

to apply for= a solicita

approve = a aproba

arrive = a sosi (la); a parveni (la)

ask = a ntreba; a cere; a invita

astonish = a uimi

attack = a ataca

attempt = a ncerca; a tenta; a compromite

attend = a frecventa; a asista; a servi; a urma (scoala etc.); a ngriji; a nsoti

(attend to) a se tine de (treaba etc.), a se ocupa de;

to attend upon = a servi; (attend to) a fi atent la

avoid = a evita

be = a fi , a exista

beat = (trec. beat, part. trec. beaten) a bate, a macina, a strivi

become = (trec. became, part. trec. become) a deveni; a sta bine, a se potrivi;

to become of= a se ntmpla cu

begin = (trec. began, part. trec. begun) a ncepe; a debuta;

to begin with = n primul rnd

behave = a se comporta, a se purta

believe = a crede

belong = (belong to) a apartine (cuiva)

bend = (trec. part. trec. bent) a ndoi, a cura, a nclina; (fig) a aplica, a dirija

bind = ( trec. si part. trec. bound) a (se) lega; a bandaja; a obliga; a garnisi cu bordura (pantofii, etc.);

a lega din nou (o carte); a bombani; a (se) ntari; a (se) solidifica

bite = (trec. bit, part. trec. bitten ) a musca; (d insecte) a ciupi

bleed = a lua snge; a debursa, a plati (cu bani din buzunar);a sngera; a pierde snge; a purja

blow = (trec. blew, part. trec. blown) (d vnt) a bate; a fi luat (de vnt); a sterge praful; a sufla (la un instrument); a insufla

boil = a fierbe; boil over = a da n foc

borrow = (borrow from) a mprumuta (de la)

break = (trec. broke, part. trec. broken) a (se) sparge; a (se) rupe:

to break a door open = a forta o usa; a ncalca:

to break a law = a ncalca o lege;

to break a promise = a nu se tine de o promisiune; a ntrerupe;

to break one's fast = a nu mai posti;

to break down = a esua; a se defecta; a ntrerupe;

to break off = a face o pauza;

to break out = a izbucni;

to break up = a se narui

breathe = a respira, a rasufla

bring = (trec., part. trec. brought) a aduce; a conduce; a purta de grija; a transporta; a reduce; (fig) a pune;

to bring about = a cauza, a produce;

to bring out = a publica;

to bring down = a cobor, a duce n jos (o persoana), a umili, a abate;

to bring together = a reuni, a asambla, a recomanda, a reconcilia

broadcast = a semana (seminte) din zbor; a difuza (stiri), a radiodifuza

build = (trec., part. trec. built) a construi, a dura; (fig) a edifica, a fonda

burn = (trec, part. trec. burnt sau burned) a arde; a incendia; a distruge; a arde (caramida, etc)

burst = (trec., part. trec. burst) a izbucni, a exploda; a face sa erupa; a rupe, a sfarna; a despica, a crapa;

to burst into = a intra ca o futuna

bury = (trec., part. trec. buried) a ngropa, a nmormnta; (fig) a nfunda, a ascunde

buy = (trec., part. trec. bought) a cumpara

calculate = a calcula, a socoti; a chibzui a conta pe

call = a striga; a chema; a numi, a califica; a convoca; a rechema; a considera

a striga; a face o vizita; to call for a se cere; to call up a suna la telefon

can = (negativ cannot, trec. si subj. could) a putea; a sti;

I can see a fly there = vad o musca acolo;

can (= may) I smoke here? = pot sa fumez aici?;

I could slap you! = ce ti-as mai da o palma!

catch = trec., part. trec. caught) a prinde; a se agata de; a se mbolnavi;

to catch by = a prinde din urma;

to catch red-handed = a prinde asupra faptului

cause = a cauza, a pricinui

celebrate = a sarbatori; (a celebrated poet = un poet renumit )

change = a se schimb (I've change d my mind m-am razgndit )

choose = (trec. chose, part, trec. chosen) a alege; a prefera

climb = a (se) sui, a (se) urca

close = a nchide; a strnge (rndurile); to close in = (d zile) a se scurta

come = (trec. came, part. trec. come) a veni; a deveni;

to come across = a da peste;

to come back = a se ntoarce;

to come in = a intra;

come on! = haide!;

to come to = a-si reveni

complain = a se plnge

confirm = a confirma; a fi de acord

congratulate = a felicita

consider = a se gndi sa/la; a lua n consideratie

continue = a continua; a (se) mentine; (it will be continued = va continu )

control = a controla; a combate

cook = a gati

correct = a corecta; a potrivi (ceasul)

cost = a costa; a lua (timp)

cough = a tusi

count = a numara; a socoti;

to count on a conta pe

create = a crea; a produce

cross = a traversa; a trece; a-si face cruce; a se ncrucisa

cry = a striga; a plnge

cure = a vindeca

cut = (trec., part. trec. cut) a taia; a croi;

to cut away/off = a reteza;

to cut back = a reduce;

to cut down = a rapune;

to cut out = a croi

........Alte verbe (in ordine alfabetica) - cat de curand.SubstantiveAccident = accident, intamplare, nenorocire, caz, eveniment, patanie

Action = actiune, fapta masura, comportare, influenta, effect ,

activitate, operatie, intriga, subiect al unei opera literare,

batalie, lupta,

Actor = actor , comediant m artist

Addition = adaugare ; adaos ; (mat) adunare ; in addition to pe lnga;

(fam) nota de plata

Address = adresa ; alocutiune; discurs ; (pl) omagii

Advantage = avantaj ; profit ; (to turn something to advantage =a valorifica ceva;

to take advantage of a profita de)

Advertisment = advertisement

Administration = conducere

Advice = sfat ; (pl) informatii

Affair = treaba ; legatura (sentimentala)

Afternoon = dupa amiaza

after-game = revansa

after-pains = s.pl dureri care survin nasterii

the aftermath of war = urmarile razboiului

afterbirth = placenta

after-ages = posteritate

after effect = efect secundar

after math = consecinta

Age = vrsta, etate; era ( vi a mbatrni)

Agency = agentie ; mijloc

Aggression = agresiune ; atac

Agriculture = agricultura

Aid = ajutor ; complice (vt a ajuta; a salva; a asista)

Aim = tinta ; tel ( vt (at) a ndrepta spre; a dirija; a lansa)

Air = aer; (by air =cu avionul)

Airplane = avion

Airport = aeroport

Alcohol = alcool

Ally = aliat; confederat(a (se) alia; a (se) uni)

Ambassador = ambasador

Ambition = ambitie ; tel

Amercican = american

Amount = total ; suma ; cantitate ; (fig) valoare ( a se referi (la); a se reduce (la)

amount (to) =a se ridica la, a ajunge)

Amusement = amuzament ; divertisment

Angel = inger

Anger = mnie ; furie

Angle = unghi; vrf ; punct de vedere ; undita f (vi a pescui)

Animal = animal

Anniversary = aniversare

Apparatus = aparat ; dispozitiv

Apple = mar

Appoimant = ntlnire ; numire ; slujba ; ora (la dentist)

Approval = aprobare ; consimtamnt

Arch = arc

Archer = arcas

Architect = arhitect ; constructor

Area = suprafata ; domeniu ; ntindere

Argument = argument ; discutie ; nentelegere ; cearta ; controversa

Arm = brat ; arm in arm= brat la brat; stema

Arms = arme

Army = armata; multime

Arrival = sosire

Art = arta

Article = articol

Artist = artist (plastic)

Ash = frasin; cenusa

Assistant = auxiliar ; asistent ; adjunct

Assistance = asistenta ; ajutor

Astronaut = astronaut

Atmosphere = atmosfera

Atom = atom ; particica

Attempt = ncercare ; efort ; tentativa (vt a ncerca; a tenta; a compromite)

Attention = atentie ; pay attention to =fii atent la interj. Drepti !

Attraction = atractie

Aunt = matusa

Authority = autoritate ; autorizatie ; mandat

Automobile= automobil

Autumn = toamna

Avenue = strada; bulevard ; alee ; (fig) cale de acces

Baby = bebelus

baby-carriage = carucior (pt. copil)

babyhood = primul nascut (babyish = adj infantil, copilaros, pueril, naiv)

Back = spate (he fell on his back =a cazut pe spate; at the back of= n spatele

stand back= dati-va napoi!; napoi ; put it back =pune-o napoi;

I am back home =sunt din nou acasa)

backbone = sira spinarii

back-yard = curtea din spate

Bacon = slanina

Bag = poseta; sacosa;( bag and baggage =cu catel cu purcel ; to bag = a umfla )

Baker = brutar (to bake = a coace; a se bronza )

Balance = cntar ; (in the balance =n dubiu; balance sheet =bilant)

Ball = minge; bal; bulgare de zapada; ghem ; cocolos ;

Ballot = bula ; bulgare ; buletin ; vot

Band = legatura; orchestra; lungime de unda; (tehn) banda

Bank = mal (de ru) ; panta , povarnis ; rambleu ; banca ( the Bank= Banca Angliei )

bank-clerk = comis de banca

Bar = bar ; bucata (de sapun etc.); bara ; bariera ; jur.( the Bar =barou , parchet )

Barber = barbier , frizer

Base = baza ; suport ; postament ; tapla ; sol (adj josnic; inferior)

Basin = bazin , rezervor ; castron ; chiuveta , lighean

Basket = cos

Bath = baie (n cada) ; cada

bath-chair = fotoliu rulant

bath-gown = halat de baie

Battle = batalie ; lupta ; battle field = cmp de lupta

Beach = plaja ; prundis ; mal ; tarm

Beard = barba

Beauty = frumusete

Bed = pat

Bedroom = dormitory

Beef = carne de vaca

Beef tee = supa de vaca

Beer = bere

Behaviour = comportare ; purtare ; conduita ; tinuta ; maniere

Belief = ncredere; credinta

Bell = clopot ; clopotel ; sonerie ; (bell of a flower= caliciul/cupa unei flori)

Bench = banca (n parc) ; bancheta ; parchet ; tibunal; curt, magistratura

Benefit = folos ; ajutor ; avantaj ; binefacere ; beneficiu

Bill = cioc ; nota de plata ; factura ; afis ; ( bill of fare= meniu;) halebarda f

bill-board = afisier

Bird = pasare; ( queer bird= tip ciudat)

bird's-eye-view = vedere panoramica

Birth = nastere ; origine

Birthday = zi de naster

Biscuit = biscuit, pesmet, prajitura

Bishop = episcop

Bit = bucatica, strop, farma, particica,s zabala ; bucatica (de hrtie etc.) ; cifra binara ;

(a bit =putin; not a bit = deloc )

Bite = muscatura ; ciupitura (de tntar etc.)

Blackboard = tabla (la scoala)

Blade = lama ; fir (de iarba) ; frunza lunga si subtire ; lopata (pt zapada) ,

(fig) persoana energica

Blanket = patura ; cuvertura ; nvelitoare

Block = bila ; gravura n lemn; buturuga ; butuc ; pietroi ; obstacol ; cliseu ;

(block of flats = bloc (de locuit) )

Blood = snge, temperament; rasa (de cal); in cold blood cu snge rece

Blouse = bluza ; camasa ; corsaj

Blow = lovitura (de pumn etc.); soc ; percutie; purjare

Board = scndura ; bord ; tabla (de sah) ; masa ; ( board and lodging = casa si masa;

on board! =n vagoane! )

Boarder = pensioner

Boat = vapor ; barca ; ambarcatiune

Body = corp ; trup ; cadavru ; caroserie ; corsaj ; persoana

body-linen = lenjerie de corp

Bomb = bomba

Bone = os ; oseminte ; fildes ; ( she's skin and bone =e numai piele si oase )

Book = carte ; the Book = biblia ; libret (de opera) ; registru

Booking-office = birou de nregistrare ; ghiseu

Boot = gheata

Border = mal ; margine ; frontiera ; plat banda

Bottle = sticla ; flacon ; biberon ;

Bottom = fund ; baza ; dedesupt ; spate ; vapor ;

(from the bottom of one's heart =din strafundul inimii )

Box = cutie; lada ; separeu (la restaurant) ; loje (la teatru) ; box ; palma ;

(box somebody's ears a palmui pe cineva )

Boy = baiat ; baietel ; fiu

Bread = pine ; ( bread and butter = pine cu unt; slice of bread =felie de pine )

Brain = creier ; (fig) judecata ; spirit ; cap

Brake = feriga ; iarga ; tufis ; lastaris ; grapa ; frna ; furgon ; cabrioleta

Branch = ramificatie ; ramura ; creanga ; bransa ; afluent ; sucursala ; linie deviata ;

ambransament

Breakfast = mic dejun

Breath = respiratie ; rasuflare ; suflu

Bridge = pod ; punte ; pasarela ; bridge (joc) ; calus (la vioara)

Brother = frate

Brush = perie ; pensula ; matura ; periere; ncaierare ; coada de vulpe ; urma luminoasa

( to brush up a mprospata cunostintele )

Building = cladire ; constructie ; edificiu

Bullet = glonte

Burn = arsura

Burst = explozie ; izbucnire ; hernie

Bus = autobus

Business = afaceri ; magazin ; ocupatie ; meserie ; comert ; clientela

Butcher = macelar

Button = nsture

Butter = unt

cabinet = dulap , vitrina , cabinet

caf = cafenea

cake = tort ; prajitura ; bucata (de sapun etc.) ; tableta (de ciocolata) ; coaja crusta

cake shop = patiserie

camera = aparat de fotografiat sau filmat

campaign = campanie

cancer = cancer

candidate = candidat; aspirant

cap = boneta ; basca ; sapca; capison ; capsula

capital = capitala ; majuscula ; capital

capitalism = capitalism

capitalist = capitalist

captain = capitan

car = masina ; autoturism dining-car= vagon restaurant ; spleeping-car = vagon de dormit

card = carte de vizita ; fisa ; felicitare ; carte de joc ; roza vnturilor

card-case = carnet de vizite

care = grija, (take care= ai grija; to take care of=a avea grija de) ; solicitudine ;

precautie, atentie ; suparare, neliniste

carpet = covor

........Alte substantive (in ordine alfabetica) - cat de curand.

Greetings

Hello , HiSalut !

Good morningBuna dimineata !

Good nightNoapte buna !

Good-bye, byeLa revedere !

See you soonPe curand !

See you laterNe vedem mai tarziu !

PleaseVa rog

Thank youMultumesc

You're welcomeCu placere

Excuse meMa scuzati

SorryImi pare rau

CongratulationsFelicitari !

Good luckNoroc , Bafta !

Time - Timpul

secondsecundaseasonanotimp

minuteminutyearan

houroradecadedeceniu

dayzicenturysecol

weeksaptamanamillenniummileniu

monthlunaeternityeternitate

morningdimineataeveningseara

noonpranz / amiazanightnoapte

afternoondupa amiaza midnightmiez de noapte

MondayLuniFridayVineri

TuesdayMartiSaturdaySambata

WednesdayMiercuriSundayDuminica

ThursdayJoi

January IanuarieJulyIulie

FebruaryFebruarieAugustAugust

MarchMartieSeptemberSeptembrie

AprilAprilieOctoberOctombrie

MayMaiNovemberNoiembrie

JuneIunieDecemberDecembrie

to wetwetweta uda

springprimavarafall, autumntoamana

summervarawinteriarna

The Body -Corpul omenesc

facefatamouthgura

chinbarbieneckgat

shoulderumararmbrat

elbowcotforearmantebrat

armpitsubsuoara backspate

chestpieptwaisttalie, mijloc

abdomenabdomenbuttocksbuca, fesa

hipsoldlegpicior

thighcoapsakneegenunchi

calfgamba

The hand - Mana

wristncheietura minii knucklencheietura a degetelor

fingernailunghiethumbdeget mare (de la mna)

index fingerdegetul aratatormiddle fingerdegetul mijlociu(de la mijloc)

ring fingerdegetul inelarlittle fingerdegetul mic

palmpalma

The Head - Capul

hairparforeheadfrunte

earurechecheekobraz

nosenasnostrilnara

jawfalcabeardbarba

mustachemustatatonguelimba

toothdintelipbuza

The Eye - Ochiul

eyebrowsprnceanaeyelidpleoapa

eyelashesgeneirisiris

pupilpupila

The Foot - Piciorul

ankleglezna heelcalci

instepscobitura picioruluibig toedegetul mare

toedeget de la picior little toedegetul mic

toenailunghia de la picior

The Internal Organs - Organele interne

braincreierspinal cordsira spinarii

throatgtwindpipetrahee

esophagusesofagmusclemuschi

lungplamnheartinima

liverficat stomachstomac

intestinesintestineveinvena

arteryartera kidneyrinichi

pancreaspancreasbladdervezica

Women's clothing - Men's Clothing - Haine pentru femei si barbati

Women's clothing

blousebluza, camasa skirtfusta

dressrochiezipperfermoar

glassesochelarilenslentila

sunglassesochelari de soarepursegeanta

strappanglica, cureajewerly boxcutie pentru bijuterii

jewerlybijuterieringinel

earringcercelbraceletbratara

necklacecolier, sirag beadsmargele

locketmedalionveilvoal

bra(ssiere)sutienslipcombinezon

pantieschilotihose, stockingsciorapi

pijanaspijamalenightgowncamasa de noapte

high heel shoepantof cu toc inaltcoathaina, palton, jacheta

sweaterjerseu, puloverglovesmanusi

mittensmanusi cu un deget scarfesarfa, sal, basma

Men's Clothing

shirtcamasa sleevetmneca

tagetichetacollarguler

pocketbuzunarbuttonsnasturi

t-sharttricousuitcostum

tiecravataknotnod

pantspantalonishortspantaloni scurti

beltcureabucklecatarama

hatpalarieunderwearlenjerie de corp

sockssoseteshoespantofi

shoe lacessiret-urisoletalpa

bootsghetesandalssandale

slipperspapuci de casabathrobehalat de baie

vestvestawatchceas (de mna)

leather jackethaina de pielecapbasca, sapca

The Family -Familia

The Family

grandmothetbunicagrandfatherbunic

uncleunchimothermama

fathertataauntmatusa

cousenvarsister-in-lowcumnata

brotherfratesistersora

brother-in-lowcumnathusbandsot

nephewnepot (de unchi)niecenepoata (de unchi )

daughterfiica sonfiu

People and relationships

womanfemeie manbarbat

husbandsotwifesotie

babybebelusparentsparinti

childrencopiiboybaiat

girlfatagrandparentsbunici

granddouthernepoatagrandsonnepot

Fruits - Fructe

applemarapple corecotorul marului (miezul cu samburi)

apple slicefelie de marseedsamanta

bananabananapeelcoaja (de fructe)

orangeportocalagrapefruitgrepfrut

lemonlamielimelamie verde

plumprunaprunepruna uscata

peachpiersicaapricotscaise

avocadofruct de avocado pearpara

melonpepene watermelonpepene verde

pineappleananas coconutnuca de cocos

mangomangocherriescirease

grapesstruguriraisinsstafide

olivesmaslinestrawberrycapsuna

raspberryzmeurablackberriesmure

Vegetables - Verdeturi, zarzavat

pepperardeieggplantvanata

potatocartofchili pepperardei iute

lettucesalata verdecabbagevarza

carrotmorcovasparagussparanghel

artichokeanghinarebeetsfecla

cucumbercastravetegarlicusturoi

cornporumbbroccolibroccoli

cauliflowerconopidatomato(patlagica) rosie

onionceapamushroomsciuperci

celerytelinapumpkindovleac

zucchinidovlecelbeansfasole

peasmazareradishridiche

podpastaiespinashspanac

Morfologie

Bine ati venit in sectiunea Morfologie. Aici veti invata minimul necesar despre partile de vorbire, luate in ordine alfabetica :AdjectivulAdjectivele, in limba engleza , sunt invariabile ( nu se acorda cu substantivele in gen,numar si caz ).

Adjectivele stau inaintea substantivelor (I like Chinese food) sau dupa anumite verbe auxiliare

(to appear, to be, to become, to feel, to get, to look, to keep,to seem, to taste, to make,to smell,to sound,

to turn, to taste).

Desi stau dupa verbe, ele nu descriu verbul si subiectul propozitiei (in majoritatea cazurilor - substantive

sau pronume).

Ex: The examination did not seem difficult.

Your friend looks nice.

Unele din adjectivele care pot sta numai dupa verbele auxiliare: asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone,

annoyed, difficult, ill, nice, sorry, upset, well

(She is alone.).

Asa cum am mai spus, avem adjective care stau inaintea substantive:

Ex : I like big black dogs.

She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.

Care este ordinea corecta pentru adjective ?1)Ordinea generala: opinion, fact

Ex : a nice French car (not a French nice car)

"Opinion" este ceea ce crezi despre subiectul propozitiei/frazei .

"Fact" este ceea ce este adevarat despre subiectul propozitiei/fraziei.

2)Ordinea normala a adjectivelor este :

size, age/temperature , shape, colour, material, origin:

Ex : a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table

Size : small, little, thiny, big

Age/Temperature : old, new, hot, cold

Shape : round, square

Color : yellow, red, blue

Material : plastic, silver

Origin : Chinese, Romanian, Franch

3) Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives:

articles (a, the)

possessives (my, your...)

demonstratives (this, that...)

quantifiers (some, any, few, many...)

numbers (one, two, three) Here is an example with opinion and fact adjectives:

adjectivesnoundeter-mineropinionfactageshapecolourtwoniceoldroundredcandlesCand vrem sa folosim doua adjective care se refera la o culoare folosim and.

Ex: Newspapers are usually black and white.

Gradele de comparative ale adjectivelor :-gradul pozitiv : arata prezenta normala a unei calitati a obiectelor (fara comparatii)

Ex : She is beautiful.

-gradul comparativ : compara doua sau mai multe obiecte

oin masura egala : comarativul de egalitate : he is as tall as his brother

oin masura inegala :- comparativul de superioritate : he is taller then she.

- compartivul de inferioritate : not as tall as

-gradul superlativ: este de doua feluri : relative(in comparative cu alte elemente)

Ex : The biggeste : Cel mai mare

The smallest = Cel mai mic

The most important = Cel mai important

absolute (fata de el insusi)

Ex : Very gig = Foarte mare

Very small = Foarte mic

Very/Highly important = Foarte important

Comparativul de egalitate se formeaza prin incadrarea adjectivului : asas

Ex : as tall as = la fel de inalt ca, tot atat de inalt ca

Pentru sens negative : incadram adjectivul in : not as/ soas

Ex : not as/so tall as = nu atat/ asa de inalt cat/ca

Comparativul de inferioritate se formeaza incadrand adjectivul in expresia :

not so(as)as sau lessthen

Ex : not as tall as/ not so tall as = nu atat de inalt ca

Less tall then = mai putin inalt ca

Atentie la aceste 4 expresii:So much the better = Cu atat mai bine

So much the worse = Cu atat mai rau

So much the more = Cu atat mai mult

So much the less = Cu atat mai putin

Expresia cu cat..cu atat nu are echivalent in limba engleza.

(Cu cat) mai curand, (cu atat) mai bine = The sooner, the better.

(Cu cat este)casa mai veche, (cu atat este) pretul mai mic. = The older the house,

the smaller the price.

Adjectivele terminate in e mut suprima aceasta vocala inaintea terminatiilor -er , -est .

Ex : large larger the largest

fine finer - the finest

Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o consoana, schimba pe y in i inaintea lui er si est .

Ex : heavy heavier the heaviest

Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o vocala raman neschimbate :

Ex : gay gayer the gayest (vesel) Acest adjective este foarte rar folosit in

sensului lui propriu, intrand in raza vulgar a vocabularului.

Adjectivele monosilabice terminate in consoana, o dubleaza la comparative si

la superlative :

Ex: big bigger the biggest

Unele adjective au forme diferite la comparativ si superlativ:

Good better the best = bun(a)

Well better the best = bine

Bad worse the worst = rau

Ill- worst the worst = bolnav

Much more the most = mult(a)

Many more the most = multi(e)

Little less the least = putin

Adjectivele posesive:Se pun intotdeauna inaintea substantivelor:

My = meu, mea, mei , mele

Your = tau, ta, tai, tale

His = lui, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansului, dumnealui, domniei sale

Her = ei, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansei, dumneaei

Its (pers III neutru) = lui, ei , sau, sa, sai , sale

Our = nostril, nostru, noastra, noastre

Your = vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre, d-voastra

Their = lor, dansilor, danselor, dumnealor

Adjectivele demonstrative:

Pentru apropere:

This = acest, acesta, ast, asta, aceasta, asta

Those = acestia, acesti, asti, astia, aceste, acestea, astea, , aste

Pentru departare:

That = acela, acel, ala, aceea, acea, aia

Those = acei, aceia, ai, aia, acelea, alea

AdverbulAdverbul este cel care ne spune mai mult despre verb, care intareste verbul.

Majoritatea adverbelor se formeaza din adjective.

Ele seformeaza astfel:

- pentru majoritatea adverbele - la adjectiv se adauga teminatia -ly :

bad - badly

hard - hardly

- pentru adjectivele care se termina in -le, ca sa formam adverb, se shimba terminatia -le

in -ly

simple - simply

probable - probably

-pentru adjectivele care se termina in y, precedat de o consoana, ca sa formam adverb

shimbam pe y in i si apoi adauga terminatia -ly

easy - easily

happy - happily

Exceptii :well = bine; cum trebuie

fast = repede; strns

very = foarte; chiar; prea

never = niciodata; deloc

always = totdeauna

often = adesea

still = nca; si mai; totusi

Gradele de comparatie ale adverbelor sunt aceleasi ca si la adjective si se formeaza in

acelasi moduri.

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ

badly worse the worst

far farther the farthest

further the furthest

late later the latest

the last = ultimul

little less the least

well better the best

Adverbele sunt de mai multe feluri :

- de loc

- de mod

- de timp - precizat

- neprecizat : already = deja, pana acum

always = intotdeauna

ever = totdeauna, vreodata

just = tocmai

often = adesea

never = niciodata

sometimes = uneori, cateodata

seldom = rareori

still = inca, mai

O modalitate usoara de a tine minte adverbele de timp si care ne arata cat de des cineva

face ceva :

100%always

usually

frequently

often

50%sometimes

occasionally

rarely

seldom

hardly ever

0%never

ArticolulArticolul nehotarat (care se traduce in romana : un , o ):

a = inaintea unei consoane (a car)

an = inaintea unei vocale (an inkpot)

Articolul nehotarat este acelasi pentru toate genurile. Trebuie tinut cont atunci cand vorbim ca articolul nehoratat

nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el. LA plural nu exista articol nehotarat(atunci cand este cazul

se folosestie some = niste, unele).

Exista unele exceptii :a ewe = o oaie/mioara

a Europian = un european

a union = o uniune, un sindicat

a university = o universitate

Articolul horatat:Articolul hotarat in limba engleza este THE , atat la singular cat si la plural, la toate genurile.

Ca si la articolul nehotarat, in vorbire, articolul hotart nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el.

ConjunctiaConjunctia este partea de vorbire care leaga cuvinte sau propozitii.

Conjunctiile pot sa fie:

- coordonatoare = atunci cand leaga doua propozitii de acelasi fel;

- subordonatoare = atunci cand leaga o propozitie principala cu una secundara.

Conjunctiile coordonatoare Conjunctiile coordonatoare arata ca elementele pe care ele le unesc sunt identice(similare)

in importanta si structura.

+

Intotdeauna conjunctiile coordonatoare se gasesc intre cuvintele sau propozitiile pe care

le leaga. I like [tea] and [coffee].

[Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].

Conjunctiile coordonatoare sunt sapte (7) la numar. Ele sunt cuvinte simple, formate din

doua sau trei litere.

Iara un mod usor si distractiv de a tine minte conjunctiile coordonatoare :FANBOYS

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

Conjunctiile subordonatoare Cele mai comune conjunctii subordonatoare sunt :

after

although

as

because

before

how

if

once

since

than

that

though

till

until

when

where

whether

while

Conjunctiile subordonatoare leaga o propozitie secundara de una principala. Intotdeauna

conjunctia subordonata se gaseste in fata propozitiei secundare.

Ram went swimming although it was raining.

Ram went swimming although it was raining.

Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.

Atentie la urmatoarele constructii :...either ...or = ...sau ...sau

...neither ...nor = ...nici ...nici

...nor only ...but also = ...nu numai ...ci(dar)si

...both ...and = ...ata ...cat si

NumeralulNumeralul cardinal :zero = zero = 0

one = unu = 1

two = doi = 2

three = trei = 3

four = patru = 4

five = cinci = 5

six = sase = 6

seven = sapte = 7

eight = opt = 8

nine = noua = 9

ten = zece = 10

Atentie la o deosebire de limba romana. In limba engleza se foloseste virgula in locul

punctului din romana.

hundred = suta = 100

thousand = mie = 1,000

million = milion = 1,000,000

Astfel ceea ce scriem in romana 1,7 - in engleza vom scrie 1.7 = one point seven.

Numeralul ordinal :first = prim;

second = al doilea

third = al treilea; a treia

De la patru in sus , numealul ordinal se formeaza din numeralul cardinal + th (dar

atentie ca -y se inlocuieste ci - ieth ).

fourth = al patrulea

fifth = al cincilea

sixth = al saselea

seventh = al saptelea

eighth = al optulea

ninth = al noualea

tenth = al zecelea

eleventh = al unsprezecelea

twelfth = al doisprezecelea

thierteenth = al treisprezecelea

twentieth = al douazecilea

thirtieth = al treizecilea

fiftieth = al cincecilea

Datele se exprima in limba engleza cu numeralul ordinal :

The first of May sau May the first

Numeralul multiplicativ :once = o data;

twice = de doua ori;

De la trei in sus , numeralele multiplicative se formeaza din cel cardinal + times

three times = de trei ori

four times = de patru ori

Numeralele fractionale :one whole = un intreg (o unitate)

one haf = o jumatate = 1/2

one third = o treime = 1/3

one quarter = un sfert, o patrime = 1/4

one tenth = o zecime = 1/10

PrepozitiaPrepozitiile sunt cuvintele care fac legatura intre partile de vorbire.

Sunt peste 150 de prepozitii in limba engleza.Lista cu cele mai uzuale prepozitii le gasiti la

Cuvinte necesare/Prepozitii.

Prepozitii de loc:In general se tine cont de urmatoarele reguli:

at = pentru un punct, un reper

in = pentru o anumita zona

on = pentru o suprafata

Iata aici cateva exemple :

atinon

punct, un reperzonasuprafata

at the cornerin the gardenon the wall

at the bus stopin Londonon the ceiling

at the doorin Franceon the door

at the top of the pagein a boxon the cover

at the end of the roadin my pocketon the floor

at the entrancein my walleton the carpet

at the crossroadsin a buildingon the menu

at the entrancein a caron a page

Exista expresii standar cu prepozitiile de loc.Iata-le :atinon

at homein a caron a bus

at workin a taxion a train

at schoolin a helicopteron a plane

at universityin a boaton a ship

at collegein a lift (elevator)on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the topin the newspaperon a horse, on an elephant

at the bottomin the skyon the radio, on television

at the sidein a rowon the left, on the right

at receptionin Oxford Streeton the way

Prepozitiile de timp :at = atunci cand timpul este precizat

in = pentru luni, ani, secole si perioade lungi

on = pentru zile si date

Iata cateva exemple: atinon

timp precizatluni, ani, secole si perioade lungizile si date

at 3 o'clockin Mayon Sunday

at 10.30amin summeron Tuesdays

at noonin the summeron 6 March

at dinnertimein 1990on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtimein the 1990son Christmas Day

at sunrisein the next centuryon Independence Day

at sunsetin the Ice Ageon my birthday

at the momentin the past/futureon New Year's Eve

Atunci cand folosim last, next, every, this - nu folosim si at, in, on.

Exemple:

I went to London last June. (not in last June)

He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)

I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)

We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Pronumele

Pronumele personale :Nominativ :

I = eu

you = tu, dumneata, dumneavoastra

he = el, dansul, dumnealui

she = ea, dumneaei

we = noi

you = voi

they = ei,ele, dansii, dansele, dumnealor

Acuzativ-dativ :

me = mi-, ma, pe mine, imi

you = ti, te, pe tine, iti, dumitale, dumneavoastra

him = i-, l-, pe el, ii,(lui)

her = i-, -o, pe ea, ii

us = ne-, noua, pe noi

you = v-, voua, pe voi

them = i-, le-, loe, pe ei, pe ele

Pronumele reflexive :myself = eu insumi/insami, pe mine insumi/insami

yourself = tu insusi/insati, pe tine insuti/insati

himself = el insusi/pe el insusi

herself = ea insasi/pe ea insasi

ourselves = noi insine, pe noi insine

yourselves = voi insiva, pe voi insiva

oneself = pe sine insusi (insasi)

Pronumele posesiv :mine = al meu, a mea, ale mele, ai mei

yours = al tau, a ta, ale tale, ai tai

his = al lui, a lui, ale lui, ai lui

hers = a ei, ale ei, al ei, ai ei

ours = a noastra, al nostru, ale noastre, ai nostri

yours = al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastre

theirs = al lor, a lui, ai lor, ale lor

Pronumele demonstrative sunt identice ca forma cu adjectivele demonstrative(numai ca in

cazul pronumelor, acestea inlocuiesc substantivele).

Substantivul

Substantivul, in limba engleza, are patru genuri:- genul masculin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen masculin

(boy, man, son , brother, king)

- genul feminin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen feminin

(woman, mother, girl, wife, sister)

- gen neutru = substantivele care denumesc obiecte si animale

(dog, , purse, window, cat)

- genul comun = substantivele care au aceeasi forma atat la masculin cat si la feminin

(teacher, doctor, friend, author)

Deosebirea dintre substantivele feminine si masculine se face astfel:- se foloseste cuvinte diferite pentru feminin si masculin :

Feminin

Masculin

aunt = matusauncle = unchi

daughter = fiicason = fiu

girl = fata

bou = baiat

hen = gainacock = cocos

nice = nepoatanephew = nepot

sister = sorabrother = frate

mother = mamafather = tata

wife = sotie husband = sot

woman = femeieman = barbat

- se adauga un sufix:

prince - princess

actor - actress

waiter - waitress

- pentru locuitorii unei tari, terminate in sh si ch, genul persoanei se indica folosind

cuvintele: man si woman.

an Englishman - an Englishwoman

a Romanianmam - a Romanianwoman

Pluralul substantivelor :1)- In general se realizeaza adaugand "-s" la substantivul la singular:

cat + "s" = cats

dog + "s" = dogs

2)- pentru substantivele terminate in "s", "x", "sh", "ch","zh", "z" sau "j" pluralul se

formeaza adugand "-es" sau "-s", daca substantivul se termina in "e" mut.

bus + "es" = buses

box + "es" = boxes

dish + "es" = dishes

church + "es" = churches

mirage + "s" = mirages

prize + "s" = prizes

bridge + "s" = bridges

3)- a) - pentru substantive terminate in "y" pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand

"-s", daca "y" final este precedat de o vocala(a, e, i, o, u).

boy + "s" = boys

- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "y", unde "y" final este precedat de o consoana,

pluralul substantivelor se formeaza astfe: se transforma "y" in "i" si apoi se

adauga "-es"

baby - y + "s" = babies

4)- a) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", pluralul substantivelor se formeaza

adaugand "-s", daca "o" este precedat de o vocala (a, e, i, o, u).

radio + "s" = radios

- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", unde "o" este precedat de o consoana,

pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-es".

tomato + "es" = tomatoes

Atentie : - pentru substantivele legate (referitoare) de muzica - pot forma

pluralul adaugand "-s", chiar daca "o" este precedat de o consoana

piano + "s" = pianos

5)-pentru substantivele terminate in "f" sau "fe", pluralul substantivelor se face

adaugand "-s".

roof + "s" = roofs

giraffe + "s" = giraffes

- Exista exceptii la aceasta regula.Unele substantive terminate in "f" sau "fe" fac

pluralul schimband pe "f" in "-ves". Iara aceste exceptii :

calf - calves = vitel/ vitei

elf- elves = spiridusi/i

half - halves = jumatate/jumatati

knife - knives = cutit/cutite

leaf - leaves = frunza/frunze

loaf - loaves = franzela,paine/franzele

life - lives = viata/vieti

penknife - penknife = briceag/bricege

sheaf - sheaves = snop/snopi

staff - staves = portativ

scarf - scarves = esarfa, fular/esarfe,fulare - dar si scarfs

self - selves = ins, fiinta

shelf - shelves = raft/rafturi

thief - thieves = hot/hoti

wolf - wolves = lup/lupi

wife - wives = sotie/sotii

6)- urmatoarele substantive nu respecta nici o regula in formarea pluralelor :

SingularPlural

algaalgae

alumnaalumnae

alumnusalumni

antenna (on a bug's head)antennae

antenna (on a television)antennas

appendixappendixes, appendices

bacteriumbacteria

bisonbison

buffalobuffalos, buffaloes, buffalo

busbuses, busses

cactuscacti, cactuses

childchildren

corpscorps

criterioncriteria

crisiscrises

datumdata

deerdeer

diedice

dwarfdwarfs, dwarves

footfeet

fishfish, fishes

goosegeese

halfhalves

hippopotamushippopotami, hippopotamuses

hoofhoofs, hooves

louselice

manmen

mediummedia

memorandummemoranda

moosemoose

mousemice

octopusoctopi, octopuses, octopodes

ox oxen

scarfscarves, scarfs

seriesseries

sheepsheep

staff (stick or line for

charting music)staves

staff (group of workers)staffs

stegosaurusstegosauri

swineswine

talismantalismans

toothteeth

wharfwharfs, wharves

womanwomen

VerbulIn limba engleza sunt doua categorii de verbe:

-verbe regulate

-verbe neregulate

Verbele regulate:Cele mai multe verbe in limba engleza sunt regulate. Ele se conjuga astfel:

Indicativ prezent : I call

I do not call

You call

You do not call

He calls

He does not call

She calls

She does not call

We call

We do not call

You call

You do not call

They call

They do not ask

Forma interogativa: Forma interogativ-negativa:

Do I call ?

Don't I call ?

Do you call ? Don't you call ?

Does he call ?

Doesn't he call ?

Does she call ?

Doesn't she call ?

Do we call ?

Don't we call ?

Do you call ?

Don't you call ?

Do they call ?

Don't they call ?

- - - La indiativ prezent, numai prsoana a treia (III-a) singular, verbele primesc un "-s",

celelalte ramanand neschimbate.

- - - Pentru verbele terminate in "ch", "sh", "ss", "x" - la persoana III-a singular va fi

"-es".

- - - Verbele terminate in "y" precedate de o consoana, schimba pe "y" in "i" si primesc

terminatia "-es".

- - - Verbele terminate in "o" primesc terminatia "-es"

Toate verbele din limba engleza (cu exceptia celor doua verbe auxiliare: HAVE = a avea si

BE = a fi) se conjuga la formele simple interogative si negative cu ajutorul auxiliarului

DO/DOES.

Past tense :La Imperfect si Perfect Simplu verbele neregulate primesc terminatia "-ed".

I called

You called

He called

she called

We called

You called

They called

Forma negativa:

I did not call

You did not call

He did not call

She did not call

We did not call

You did not call

They did not call

Forma interogativa:

Forma interogatv-negativa:

Did I call ?

Didn't I call ?

Did you call ?

Didn't you call ?

Did she call ?

Didn't she call ?

Did he call ?

Didn't he call ?

Did we call ?

Didn't we call ?

Did you call ?

Didn't you call ?

Did they call ?

Didn't they call ?

Future Tense:Viitorul in limba engleza se formeaza cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare SHALL/WILL urmate de

infinitiv.

- auxiliarul SHALL - pentru persoana I singular si plural

- auxiliarul Will - pentru restul persoanelor

I shall call

You will call

He will call

She will call

We shall call

You will call

They will call

Forma negativa :

I shall not (shan't) call

You will not call

He will not call

We shall not call

You will not call

They will not call

Forma interogativa :

Shall I call ?

Will you call ?

Will he call ?

Will she call ?

Shall we call ?

will you call ?

Will they call ?

Mai-mult-ca-perfect(past perfect):M.m.c.p se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar HAVE la trecur (adica HAD) +participiu

trecut al verbului.

I had called

You had called

He had called

She had called

We had called

You had called

They had called

Conditionalul prezent :

Se formeaza cu verbele auxiliarele SHOULD/WOULD + infinitivul verbului.

I should call

You would call

...

Conditionalul trecut :Se formeaza din conditionalul prezent al verbului HAVE + participiu trecut al verbului

I should have called

you would have called

He would have called

She would have called

We should have called

You would have called

They would have called

Participiu prezent:Se formeaza adaugand "-ing" la infinitivul verbului.

to call = a striga, a suna -> calling = strigand

Participiu trecut :Se formeaza adaugand "-ed" la infinitivul verbului

call -> called

Nr.TenseFormUsed to expressRomana

1.Present Tense SimpleS + V1 Do/Does + S + V1S + Do/does + not + V11.actiuni obisnuite repetabile2.adevaruri general valabile3.repros, constatari4.in loc de viitpr- pentru actiuni planificate oficialPrezent

2.Present Tense ContinousS + To be + V-ing1.actiuni care se petrec in momentul vorbirii(now, at present, at the moment)2.actiuni temporare(today, this week, this mounth)3.repros accentuat aproape de prezent.4.actiuni oficiale planificate neoficialPrezent

3.Present Perfect SimpleS + have/has + V3Have/has + S + V31.actiune termiata in moment trecut neprecizat (lately, just, always, offe, ever, never)2.actiune terminata in perioada de timp neterminata (today, this week)3.actiune terminata care are legatura cu prezentulPerfect compus

4.Present Perfect ContinousS + have/has + been + v-ingHave/has + been + S + V-ingactiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent sau al carui rezultat se vede acum in prezentFor + perioada de timpSince + inceputul de timpprezent

5.Past tense simpleS + V2 Did + S + V1S + did + not + V1Actiunitrecute terminate in momentul precizat(ago, last, yesterday, in 1990)perfect compus

6.Past tense continousS + was/were + V-ingactiune trecuta in progres:while + timp continuuwhen + timp simpleimperfect

7.Past perfect simpleS + had + V3exprima o actiune trecuta terminata inaintea altei actiuni trecutem.m.c.p.

8.Past perfect continousS + had + been + V-ingactiune trecutain progres, inceputa inaintea altei actiuni trecuteimperfect

In limba engleza este foarte important sa stim conjugarea celor doua verbe auxiliare :HAVE

si BE.

TO HAVE = a aveaIndicativ prezent :I have

you have

He has

She has

We have

You have

They have

Imperfectul si perfect simplu:I had

you had

He had

She had

We had

You had

They had

M.m.c.p.I had had

you had had

He had had

She had had

We had had

You had had

They had had

Viitorul:I shall have

You will have

He will have

She will have

We shall have

You will have

They will have

Conditional prezent :I should have

You would have

He would have

She would have

We would have

You would have

They would have

Conditional trecut :I should have had

You would have had

He would have had

She would have had

We would have had

You would have had

They would have had

Participiu prezent: having

Participiu trecut : had

TO BE = a fiIndicativ prezent :I am

You are

He is

She is

We are

You are

They are

Imperfectul:I was

You were

He was

She was

We were

You were

They were

M.m.c.p.:I had been

You had been

He had been

She had been

We had been

You had been

They had been

Viitor:I shall be

You will be

He will be

She will be

They shall be

You will be

Yhey will be

Conditional prezent:I should be

We would be

...

Conditionalul trecut :I should have been

He would have been

...

Participiu prezent : being

Participiu trecut : been

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