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Calculul termic al motorul
Date initiale:
101 kW
137.4 cp
4250 rot/min
i = 5 / (nr. cilindrii)
Autoturisme cu motoare similare:
Audi A4 1.9 !" #$W %3& 325 td' ord C$
+r. Cil. i 4 / & / 4
Cap. Cil. 19&, 249, 1997
A'piratie / ur-o / ur-o / ru-o
uterea 100 kW 105 kW 103
uratia p. 4200 rot/min 4,00 rot/min 3750
$omentul 320 +m 2&0 +m 320
uratia m. 2200 rot/min 2200 rot/min 2250
Alea ! ,1 mm ,0 mm ,5
Cur'a 95.5 mm ,2., mm ,,
.de comp. ε 1&.51 / 2201 / 1&01
Calculul termic pentru un MAC:
Calculul temperaturii aerului dupa compre'or (tur-o'ulanta)
404.34453 (temperatura aerului 'upra
131.19453 6C
m =
nm =
Σ cm
3 cm3
m
nm
$$
n $
' =
[K]0
1
0
⋅=
−
p
pT T s
x x
s
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Calculul pre'iunii 'i temperaturii aerului dupa 'c8im-atorul de caldura (intercool
33,.475&2 (temperatura aerului dupa i
&5.325&2 6C
1.5 -ar (pierderile 'unt mici deci '
150000
Alegerea parametrilor initiali:
293.15 (temperatura initiala)
102000 (pre'iunea initiala)
1000 6C (temperatura aelor reiduale)
110000 (pre'iunea aelor reiduale)
1.25 / (coeicientul de e*ce' de aer)
17 / (raport de comprimare)
150000 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul admi'iei)
33,.475&20034 (temperatura la 'ar'itul admi'iei)
1.14 / (coeicientul de po'tumplere)e calculeaa
0.012,0,2997 / (coeicientul aelor reiduale)
33,.475&20034
&5.325&200343 6C
1.52321122&1 / (coeicientul de umplere)
Parametrii procesului de comprimare:
1.35 / (coeicient politropic de comprimare)
e calculeaa&,73,52.33299 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul comprimarii)
912.39,399,&7 (temperatura la 'ar'itul comprimarii)
&39.24,399,&7 6C
Parametrii procesului de ardere:
c = 0.,57 k
(compoitia motorinei)8 = 0.133 k
A =
pa=p
' =
+/m2
0 =p
0 = +/m2
r =
pr = +/m2
λ =
ε =
pa = +/m2
a =
νp =
γ r =
a =
η : =
η1 =
pc = +/m2
c =
a Rc A T T T T ∆+∆−∆=
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o = 0.01 k
41,&, k;/k (puterea calorica inerioara)
0.75 / (coeicient de utiliare a caldurii)
1.75 / (coeicientul de cre'tere a pre'iunii)
e calculeaa
0.49&924&032 kmol aer / k com- (aerul minim pentru ardere
< = 0.&21155754 kmol aer/ k com- (cantitatea reala de aer ne
1.054032341, (coeicientul teoretic :ariatiei molare)
1.0533490314 (coeicientul real al :ariatiei molare)
C = 35.,757321577 k;/kmol (caldura 'peciica molara a ame'teculu
C> = 27.3&2&54 ? (caldura 'peciica molara a aelor de ardere)
2552.453,31&2 (temperatura la 'ar'itul arderii)
2279.303,31&2 6C
12029241.5,27 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul arderii)
1.&,3,&&4035 (radul de de'tindere preala-ila)
Destinderea:
1.3 /e calculeaa
δ = 10.095,12,0& / (radul de de'tindere)
5954&2.711472 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul de'tinderii)
1275.&029312, (temperatura la 'ar'itul de'tinderii)
Parametrii principali ai motorului:
0.94 (coeicient de rotunire a diaramei)
0.&&, (randamentul mecanic)
e calculeaa
231207&.00&&3 (pre'iunea medie a ciclului teoretic)
2173351.44&23 (pre'iunea medie indicata)
0.50& (randamentul indicat al motorului)
@i =
ξ =
π =
<min
=
μ0 =
μf =
=
p = +/m2
ρ =
η2 =
p- = +/m2
- =
μ r =
m =
p" = +/m2
pi = +/m2
ηi =
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145179,.7&&0, (pre'iunea medie eecti:a)
0.33, (randamentul eecti: al motorului)
0.2544,13442 k/kW8 (con'um 'peciic eecti: de com-u'ti-il)
254.4,13442 /kW8
Dimensiunile fundamentale ale motorului:
Φ = 1.03 / (raport cur'a alea)
e calculeaa
0.393 l (capacitatea cilindrica nece'ara)
! = 0.7,&025&507 dm (diametrul aleaului)
7,.& mm
= ,1.0 mm (cur'a)
11.1353&33,5& m/' (:itea medie a pi'tonului)
1.9&4 l (cilindrea totala a motorului)
51.417,729&55 kW/l (puterea litrica a motorului)
pe = +/m2
e =
e =
8 =
Wn =
t =
l =
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Proiect la procese si caracteristici ale motoarelor cu
i
* 2.0 tdci ol:o 40 2.0 tdi Ala omeo 159 1.9 ;!m
/ 4 / 4 /
1997 1910
/ ur-o / ru-o /
kW 100 kW 110 kW
rot/min 4000 rot/min 4000 rot/min
+m 320 +m 320 +m
rot/min 2000 rot/min 2000 rot/min
mm B mm ,2 mm
mm B mm 90.4 mm
/ B / 17.51 /
35 6C (temperatura mediului am-iant 20 156C prelu
30,.15
* = 1.4 / (e*ponentul adia-atic pentru aer)
1.5 -ar (pre'iunea de 'upraalimentare)
0.9&& -ar (pre'iunea de :acum inaintea tur-inei)
limentat)
cm3 cm3 cm3
0 =
p' =
p 0 =
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er)
9&.194525 (cre'terea temperaturi in comp
,0.,&,905 ('caderea temperaturi in 'c8im
323.475&2 (radul de racire a 'c8im-atoru
323.15 (cre'terea temperaturi la 'ar'it
ntercooler)
nelieaa)
1.02 -ar
1.1 -ar
1.5 -ar
&5.325&2 6C
&,.73,523 -ar
Dc=
'
0 =
D=
'
r =
r = ,0E
' =
Da= 015 =
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a 1k de com-u'ti-il)
e'ara arderii)
* =
F =
=
i)
120.29242 -ar
5.954&271 -ar
1002.4529 6C
* =
F =
=
23.1207& -ar
21.733514 -ar
p "
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14.5179,, -ar
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rdere interna
at de la motor )
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e'or)
atorul de caldura)
lui de caldura)
ul admi'iei)
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49913.234&
4&007.9011
37.5799&,9
1.19&7&&21
5.9,21,221
1.79721,&
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m = 101 GkWH
137.3& GcpHnm = 4250 Grot/minH
a = 0.,7 c = 0.49412
- = 1.13 I1 = 1.011&233099
c = 1.55 I2 = 0.97&7533,02
d = 1.55 I3 = 0.9,,37&&9
k = 1 I = 1
n Grot/minH e GkWH e GcpH $e G+mH ce G/kW8H Ce Gk/8H
1000 2,.202237& 3,.3550431 2&9.311530, 71.03391931& 7.174425,511100 31.322,5&7 42.5990,5 271.91931&4 7,.,9392704& 7.9&,2,&&32
1200 34.4&&,,35 4&.,749&15 274.27,7439 ,&.,12,92& ,.7&,102153
1300 37.&2&515& 51.1720&12 27&.3,9,132 94.7711&3,07 9.571,,7544
1400 40.7939507 55.4797729 27,.2525243 102.7490,,49 10.377&5794
1500 43.9&13,&3 59.7,74,53 279.,&&,773 110.72701449 11.1,342,4&
1&00 47.12102 &4.0,45,72 2,1.232,721 11,.&,52,9&3 11.9,721425
1700 50.2&50494 &,.3&04&72 2,2.35050,7 12&.&042&173 12.7,703044
1,00 53.3,5&722 72.&045141 2,3.2197,71 134.4&427,&4 13.5,0,9214
1900 5&.4750,5, 7&.,0&11&7 2,3.,407074 142.245&,,1& 14.3&&,145
2000 59.5254,, ,0.954&&3& 2,4.2132&95 149.92,,3,14 15.142,12&52100 &2.52907&2 ,5.0395437 2,4.3374734 157.49407&4 15.90&90172
2200 &5.47,04,2 ,9.050145& 2,4.2133192 1&4.9217507, 1&.&5709&,3
2300 &,.3&4&015 92.975,5, 2,3.,40,0&7 172.19220909 17.39141312
2400 71.1,09337 9&.,0&0&9, 2,3.21993&2 179.2,57991, 1,.107,&572
2500 73.9192423 100.53017 2,2.3507074 1,&.1,2,&,,& 1,.,044&975
2&00 7&.5717251 104.13754& 2,1.2331204 192.,&37&597 19.4792403&
2700 79.130579& 107.&175,, 279.,&71753 199.30,,3,33 20.130192&7
2,00 ,1.5,,0033 110.959&,5 27,.252,72 205.49,4337, 20.755341,1
2900 ,3.93&194 114.153224 27&.390210& 211.41290014 21.35270291
3000 ,&.1&73491 117.1,7595 274.279191 217.0325,524 21.92029111
3100 ,,.273&&&4 120.0521,& 271.919,131 222.337,3&91 22.45&12153
3200 90.2473433 122.73&3,7 2&9.3120772 227.3090029, 22.95,2093
3300 92.0,05775 125.2295,5 2&&.4559,3 231.92&4312, 23.4245&95&
3400 93.7&55&&5 127.52117 2&3.3515307 23&.1704&9&4 23.,5321743
3500 95.29450,1 129.&00531 259.99,7202 240.0214&5,, 24.2421&,05
3&00 9&.&595997 131.45705& 25&.3975515 243.4597&7,3 24.5,943&55
3700 97.,53039 133.0,0133 252.54,0247 24&.4&572333 24.,9303,0&
3,00 9,.,&7023& 134.459152 24,.4501397 249.019&,02 25.1509,77
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3900 99.&93751 135.5,3501 244.103,9&5 251.1019,&27 25.3&1300&1
4000 100.325419 13&.44257 239.5092951 252.&929,937 25.52199193
4100 100.754225 137.02574& 234.&&&335& 253.77303733 25.&3107&77
4200 100.9723&7 137.322419 229.5750179 254.32247797 25.&,&5702,
4250 101 137.3& 22&.93&2247 254.39207925 25.&93&
4300 100 13& 222.07&&&4, 251.,7334579 25.43920792
4400 ,, 119.&, 190.9,59317 221.&4,5443 22.3,&502974500 75 102 159.1549431 1,,.90500934 19.07940594
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Caracteri'tica e*terioara
e = 0.33,
@i = 41,&, Gk;/kH
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Pe [kW]
Me [!]
"e [#$kW%]
&e [k#$%]
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750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 37
0
25
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motorului
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50 4000 4250 4500 4750 [rot/min]
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' ( ( unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit )
n = 4250 rot/min ( turatia arborelui cotit )
= 0!0405 m ( ra"a manivelei )
# = 0!0$1 m ( cursa %istonului )
l = 0!1&2 m ( lungimea bielei)
) = 445!05$'5' rad/s ( vite"a unghiulara)
0!$&05' rot/s
λ = 0!25
* + [cm] v [m/s]
0 0 0 10!02&22$4
15 0!11'122 5!'14 '!4$5&$'2
0 0!&&'15'&1 10!'&0 !'50142'5
45 1!4'4254 14!''$& 5!&250$05
&0 2!404&$5 1!5&12& !00$01&$52
5 !4412055 1$!52& 0!'4$2&44
'0 4!55&25 1$!024$' ,2!0055445
105 5!50554$1 1&!2$415 ,!$1125$4
120 &!454&$5 1!&5$& ,5!01$&14215 !1&&'04& 10!4'241 ,5!&250$05
150 !&$'&5' !0&11' ,5!'44&0'2
1&5 !''5'11'2 !5$& ,&!011'4&22
1$0 $!1 0!00000 ,&!01&&0
1'5 !''5'11'2 ,!5$& ,&!011'4&22
210 !&$'&5' ,!0&11' ,5!'44&0'2
225 !1&&'04& ,10!4'241 ,5!&250$05
240 &!454&$5 ,1!&5$& ,5!01$&142
255 5!50554$1 ,1&!2$415 ,!$1125$4
20 4!55&25 ,1$!024$' ,2!0055445
2$5 !4412055 ,1$!52& 0!'4$2&44
00 2!404&$5 ,1!5&12& !00$01&$52
15 1!4'4254 ,14!''$& 5!&250$05
0 0!&&'15'&1 ,10!'&0 !'50142'5
45 0!11'122 ,5!'14 '!4$5&$'2
&0 0 0!000 10!02&22$4
a [-m/s2]
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
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(25
(20
(15
(10
(5
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Cinematica mecanismului biela man
*0 1+0 270 3,0
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vela
- ["!]
. [!$/]
a [k!$/2]
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1! .ortele care actionea"a in mecanismul biela manivela
1!1 .orta de %resiune a ga"elor
2151 2051
100000
= 0!0$4 m 0!004$24'
1!2 .ortele de inertie
1!2!1 .ortele de inertie a %ieselor alate in miscare de tran"latie
0!244 -g
0!244 -g
0!0&1 -g
1002!&
1!2!2 .ortele de inertie a %ieselor alate in miscare de rotatie
= 0!0405 m
) = 445!05' rad/s
0!105 -g
0!05 -g 0!42$'
0!1&' -g
1!2! .ortele re"ultante din mecanismul biela,manivela
. =
% ind
= /m2 %g =
%0= /m2
3 % =
m % =
m b = m
=
m1b
=
a % = m/s2
mm =
m br
= mr =
m2b
=
.g .
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Calculul dinamic al m
1000'!0'5&
1020!2'51 -g
0!111 -g ,11'!&0$14
,1$!002$&$ -g
,440!&'554
,50!4'1 -g
-g
/m2
.g=
m2
. =
.r =
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torului
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1!2! .ortele re"ultante din mecanismul biela,manivela
6ariatia ortelor .7 .g7 .7 7 87 97 :
= $!& mm 0!'&& ;
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2&1 0!2$442& 1!&&'5201 2$!&4501$5 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ 122$!0'&52&
20 0!24$&'$& 1!'4$005$5 405!2$0&4$ ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& 102'!0042'
2' 0!21&'&0& 2!$15$'1 55!&22022' ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& $1!5&$'4$
2$$ 0!1$50' 2!$'$5$&41$ $20!&'2$ &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& &1!1051
2' 0!1552'2 !2'0$'4&& 11$!1'&&$ 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 50!&5125
0& 0!12412 5!00&4&5&' 140!'$$0&$& 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 &1!'1&4
15 0!0'5&' !0524&'54& 2&4!44$20 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 104&!&0'$1&
24 0!0152422 10!45$&01&' 4121!$10$5 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ 2112!50$'4
0!051&0'' 1&!24$&202& &&50!12'54' $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 42$!0&
42 0!0&$$4 25!&&1441&' 10&0!&0 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 $120!&&$&
51 0!02&51& !2$&141145 1&00!441054 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 121'!4'51
&0 0!0245&405 44!2&1'0' 1$$$5!$51$ 10250!50'445' ,2$&'!115' 1&01&!&12
&' 0!02&51& !2$&141145 1&00!441054 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 121'!4'51
$ 0!0&$$4 25!&&1441&' 10&0!&0 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 $120!&&$&
$ 0!051&0'' 1&!24$&202& &&50!12'54' $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 42$!0&
'& 0!0152422 10!45$&01&' 4121!$10$5 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ 2112!50$'4
405 0!0'5&' !0524&'54& 2&4!44$20 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 104&!&0'$1&
414 0!12412 5!00&4&5&' 140!'$$0&$& 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 &1!'1&4
42 0!1552'2 !2'0$'4&& 11$!1'&&$ 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 50!&5125
42 0!1$50' 2!$'$5$&41$ $20!&'2$ &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& &1!1051
441 0!21&'&0& 2!$15$'1 55!&22022' ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& $1!5&$'4$
450 0!24$&'$& 1!'4$005$5 405!2$0&4$ ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& 102'!0042'
45' 0!2$442& 2! &$!4 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ 112!'450$
4&$ 0!0&4$'25 2! 1!42 ,42$1!&42'1 11'$!4&& 152'!$0''0
4 0!1'5'2& 2'4!5 ,4'51!$5 1$&!002& 1&$0!525&
4$& 0!5444 !2 25!245 ,540!$''00& 1512!551 1&'!$5$&24'5 0!&$4 ! 220!42 ,5&2!50$05 15$!501 1$0$!0005
504 0!$'4$'' 1$!5$& ,5$01!44115 1&2!$2 1$0!4100
51 0!401'5&$ 2!$ 14&!25$ ,5$!'1&' 1&4!04$&' 1$0!244'
522 0!41051 2!& 10'!$44 ,5$2&!15'45' 1&0!$'' 140!451'
51 0!415$41 2!2 2!2&4 ,5$04!0&4&5 1&24!55 1&'&!$21&'&
540 0!415$$$' 1!$ 5!1 ,5'!&&20$& 1&21!&51& 1&5&!$4$1&2
54' 0!415$41 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$04!0&4&5 1&24!55 1&5'!4'2&
55$ 0!41051 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$2&!15'45' 1&0!$'' 1&&5!$4
5& 0!401'5&$ 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$!'1&' 1&4!04$&' 1&&$!'$42
5& 0!$'4$'' 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$01!44115 1&2!$2 1&5$!5$'145$5 0!&$4 1!1 4!'55405 ,5&2!50$05 15$!501 1&22!&054&
5'4 0!5444 1!1 4!'55405 ,540!$''00& 1512!551 154!4$&$
&0 0!1'5'2& 1!1 4!'55405 ,4'51!$5 1$&!002& 1420!'$2'
&12 0!0&4$'25 1!1 4!'55405 ,42$1!&42'1 11'$!4&& 12!402244
&21 0!2$442& 1!1 4!'55405 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ ''!$04$$
&0 0!24$&'$& 1!1 4!'55405 ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& &5$!&5&5&$
&' 0!21&'&0& 1!1 4!'55405 ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& 2&!$22$&5
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&4$ 0!1$50' 1!1 4!'55405 &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& ,154!2'05&
&5 0!1552'2 1!1 4!'55405 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 ,&1!$$'50&
&&& 0!12412 1!1 4!'55405 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 ,10'2!14$$
&5 0!0'5&' 1!1 4!'55405 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 ,1552!''4&4
&$4 0!0152422 1!1 4!'55405 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ ,1'4!&$44
&' 0!051&0'' 1!1 4!'55405 $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 ,22!41414
02 0!0&$$4 1!1 4!'55405 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 ,2&05!1&4$
11 0!02&51& 1!1 4!'55405 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 ,2&!01040'
20 0!0245&405 1!02 0 10250!50'445' ,2$&'!115' ,2$&'!115'4
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0!025 0!1 -g
0!41$ 0!0& -g 0!004$521&
1! 0!244 -g
0!244 -g 0!11 -g
> 8 9 :
[rad] [] [] [] []
0 0 ,2$'2!&''0$4 0 ,2$'2!&''0$
0!044&1 ,12!2$$0&1 ,2$!20$& ,5&5!1$'&4 ,2$0!420!0$5'4$2 ,22'!4'22&1 ,2&!54'205 ,1041!$2' ,24&2!'455
0!12&44514 ,0!''5 ,2410!0''55 ,15&!241 ,1''2!2$4
0!1&400'& ,&!41' ,20&0!5&4'4 ,14&!0$'$ ,144&!$$'4
0!1'0' ,22!$01&1 ,1&4!2$2'4 ,1&!&12$& ,'11!12$
0!22&&&2$ ,2&5!01$4 ,11$0!$5&111 ,10$&!$& ,4&1!&425
0!250100'' ,12!4'' ,&'$!04$$4 ,&$1!050' ,15!1151
0!2&5&0 ,5$!014&$4 ,220!&$&44'' ,220!444$ ,10!250&0
0!2'21$' &2!2'$005 22!0&$4014& 225!4124'5 ,2!2241
0!2$14$00 1!54$$2 &24!255& &00!1'2& ,1!54$$2
0!2'21$' 2&2!2'4$4 '5!&15'$4$ $&$!42&4 ,40!550&50!2&5&0 21!$12$ 121$!1&201 101!'524 ,&&'!125$$
0!250100'' 4$!02'$5 140&!10$545 1055!'24 ,'2$!&21&5
0!22&&&2$ 4!'50& 152$!054&&2 1002!5'4 ,115!00&'
0!1'0' 1!24 15'5!22$2 $$4!4&40& ,12!5$05
0!1&400'& 2&4!$1202 1&22!00'0 2&!45&& ,1450!2$&5
0!12&44514 204!2$01 1&2!42'04 54$!22$14 ,152!$$15
0!0$5'4$2 1$!4$001' 1&1!201'5 &4!'$52$ ,151!4412
0!044&1 &'!&4&2' 1&02!4$'$25 1$1!&055 ,15'2!15$'
!402?,01 5!4&?,014 15'$!0'&1$ 1!'5?,01 ,15'$!0'&
,0!044&1 ,&'!'00$ 1&04!$'251 ,1$1!'42'' ,15'4!54&
,0!0$5'4$2 ,1'!204& 1&2!0&144$ ,&!200' ,15$0!'$1'
,0!12&44514 ,20!5'054 1&4&!14&25 ,55&!401$5 ,154'!2&11
,0!1&400'& ,21!155$2 1&&4!12521 ,45!2224& ,14$!'$4
,0!1'0' ,2!00&'5 1&&4!$45$'2 ,'2!0&4014 ,1$5!521&$
,0!22&&&2$ ,&!4'520$ 1&5!2'&&0$& ,10!14'4 ,12!'22
,0!250100'' ,$!1&40& 15&4!2$$$ ,114!&541 ,10!0422
,0!2&5&0 ,$1!024 1444!$4'&'& ,120!&12$ ,'!&4250'
dm m2b =
dm m1b = 3 % =
m b =
m =
0
(5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
#
1500
2000
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,0!2'21$' ,50!$2'&4 12!101'144 ,115$!1&4&5 ,5$!1$5'1
,0!2$14$00 ,2'!54424 101!15'$54 ,102'!0042' ,2'!54424
,0!2'21$' ,2!250'$ $50!1'2$5'& ,$4!''2& ,102!4$'55
,0!2&5&0 ,12!$&$'$ &54!50&2$& ,&5!&40 0!&1451''
,0!250100'' ,15!4$152 54!'&00$2 ,54!0&&152 120!0&5$2
,0!22&&&2$ ,141!5$5 &0!02&52 ,5'!$'15$ 24&!0&'5
,0!1'0' ,20'!&5&$4 10&!402&&5& ,$$$!152&$ 5'1!$1452$
,0!1&400'& ,4'!&0$54' 2141!242522 ,1524!540 150!5&0
,0!12&44514 ,544!4'5 41!504'$22 ,242'!5$5 5&'!0202
,0!0$5'4$2 ,&''!&41&'$ $150!1144& ,14!$12&1 50&!'$041
,0!044&1 ,54!'$2'2 121!''&4 ,2&5!$$$'4 12'&&!'4
,&!$04?,01 ,1!0'0?,012 1&01&!&124 ,!'2?,012 1&01&!&1
0!044&1 54!'$2'2 121!''&4 2&5!$$$'4 12'&&!'4
0!0$5'4$2 &''!&41&'$ $150!1144& 14!$12&1 50&!'$041
0!12&44514 544!4'5 41!504'$22 242'!5$5 5&'!0202
0!1&400'& 4'!&0$54' 2141!242522 1524!540 150!5&0
0!1'0' 20'!&5&$4 10&!402&&5& $$$!152&$ 5'1!$1452$
0!22&&&2$ 141!5$5 &0!02&52 5'!$'15$ 24&!0&'5
0!250100'' 15!4$152 54!'&00$2 54!0&&152 120!0&5$2
0!2&5&0 12!$&$'$ &54!50&2$& &5!&40 0!&1451''
0!2'21$' 2!250'$ $50!1'2$5'& $4!''2& ,102!4$'55
0!2$14$00 2'!54424 101!15'$54 102'!0042' ,2'!54424
0!2'21$' 4!54$ 1&5!1'&44& 12$!0'&5 ,55!02$5
0!2&5&0 41'!05''$ 15$&!1&1$'5 125!44&4 ,$1!2&414
0!250100'' 42'!2'125 14!4'42' 102!415 ,1145!4422
0!22&&&2$ 40$!1'2'2 1$1&!44&$5 11'1!'$$ ,10!50'10!1'0' &2!1'5$ 1$4!''$1&' 1022!'2 ,154!&142
0!1&400'& 2''!11&'4 1$1!'''$4 $20!$4 ,1&$!041&
0!12&44514 22&!20$4 1'4!&52104 &0&!5'05 ,1&$'!02$25
0!0$5'4$2 14'!'525 14!1''0&2 '5!2$445 ,101!$'211
0!044&1 !$04 1&'$!425'$11 1'2!54&&04 ,1&$!4&41
1!021?,01& 1!&'1?,01 1&5&!$4$1&1$ &!0$?,01 ,1&5&!$4$1&
,0!044&1 ,2!1'$2$1 1&&1!0&222'1 ,1$$!10&2 ,1&50!55
,0!0$5'4$2 ,14!521&15 1&2!00450 ,$!2&4 ,1&2$!&522
,0!12&44514 ,212!1&&$'5 1&$2!415$&' ,5&$!&&0$'$ ,15$!'5'
,0!1&400'& ,24!51544$ 1&$1!20$&'4 ,52!'0&&4 ,150!202$,0!1'0' ,25!054&1 1&54!'0'1& ,'1!55025 ,1!24'&
,0!22&&&2$ ,5&!$'0&22 15$$!10$4$1 ,1042!1&$1 ,11'$!2054
,0!250100'' ,&2!''$1 14&&!5&&'&4 ,1101!2&4 ,'&$!50$2
,0!2&5&0 ,!$45$5$ 12$!$5&4 ,10&$!&51 ,02!4525'
,0!2'21$' ,2'!4242 101$!4&$0504 ,'2!&1511 ,42'!1'444
,0!2$14$00 ,1'0!45551' &$5!&'$&52 ,&5$!&5&5 ,1'0!45551'
,0!2'21$' ,$!''241 2$!'204&$ ,2$5!$20'& ,4!0$411
(500
500
1000
(5
5
10
15
20
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,0!2&5&0 42!22$4' ,1&0!01$$' 15'!$$&& ,!4$&4225
,0!250100'' 15!$2&&5 ,&!&$5$ &22!150 ,1'!$&$4
,0!22&&&2$ 251!$4&$ ,1120!$002' 101!&0$$ ,4$!1&''1
,0!1'0' 11!05'$4 ,15$!&4$1 11!'4&24 ,$$!04$21
,0!1&400'& 2&!41 ,2001!2252 1424!$4$$1 ,1405!2402
,0!12&44514 2'&!4'50' ,251!111&12 12!0''1 ,1'4!5254&
,0!0$5'4$2 224!450&&5 ,2&14!$15'4 101$!505 ,240$!2''4'
,0!044&1 120!42$5 ,2$!&502' 55!520015 ,222!'44
,1!&1?,01& !'04?,01 ,2$&'!115'4 1!405?,012 ,2$&'!115'
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m2
,0 120 1+0 240 300 3,0 420 4+0 540 ,00 ,,0α
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0 120 240 3,0 4+0 ,00 720
'
0 120 240 3,0 4+0 ,00 720
00
0
00
00
00
00
'
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720
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1!1 3legerea ordinii de lucru
( #chema arborelui cotit %entru motorul cu 5 cilindri in linie in 4 tim%i)
144 (unghiul de decala intre doua a%rinderi succ
' #chema de lucru a cilindrilor Cilindrul
0 1
144 2
5&
2$$ 4
42 5
γ = 3C
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;omentul total al motorului
sive)
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110000
'&&00
1202'2421!5
1!
0!41$
0!025
0!004$5
# = 0!0$1 m
0!25
= 0!0405 m
) = 445!05' rad/s
' v [m/s]
0 0!000 0!025 '&&00 1!12
15 0!002 0!0 '&&00 5!&41
0 0!00 0!0545424 '&&00 '!5&
45 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 '&&00 12!4&
&0 0!024 0!141&24 '&&00 15!04
5 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 '&&00 1&!45'0 0!04& 0!245'$1 '&&00 1&!$'$
105 0!05& 0!2'511'1 '&&00 1&!45
120 0!0&5 0!$0524 '&&00 15!04
15 0!02 0!25'501 '&&00 12!4&
150 0!0 0!'&22 '&&00 '!5&
1&5 0!0$0 0!412$01 '&&00 5!&41
1$0 0!0$1 0!41$5 '&&00 1!12
1'5 0!0$0 0!412$01 '$24& ,!&'0
210 0!0 0!'&22 1025 ,$!44'
225 0!02 0!25'501 112$22 ,12!4&240 0!0&5 0!$0524 12$&5$ ,1&!1
255 0!05& 0!2'511'1 15451 ,1$!$&
20 0!04& 0!245'$1 1'&1 ,1'!151
2$5 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 2251 ,1$!$&
00 0!024 0!141&24 41&40& ,1&!1
15 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 15$5 ,12!4&
0 0!00 0!0545424 140&0 ,$!44'
%r= /m2
%a = /m2
%" = /m2
η1 =
η2 =
6a = dm
6c= dm
3 % = m2
λ b =
+ % [m] 6
+ [dm] %
+ [/m2]
200000
400000
,00000
+00000
1000000
1200000
1400000
p-
15
20
. [
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45 0!002 0!0 2'4'51 ,!&'0
50 0!001 0!02$245 5$$5' ,2!01
55 0!000 0!025''& 411'4 ,0!4&2
&0 0!000 0!025 42$5$& 1!12
&1 0!000 0!02504 12005$'1 1!440
&5 0!000 0!025''& 114&'15 2!&$0
0 0!001 0!02$245 1004222 4!1$'
5 0!002 0!0 $24520 5!&41
'0 0!00 0!0545424 40'4 '!5&
405 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 212&4' 12!4&
420 0!024 0!141&24 12&202$ 15!04
45 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 $411$2 1&!45
450 0!04& 0!245'$1 &15& 1&!$'$
4&5 0!05& 0!2'511'1 4$5$0& 1&!45
4$0 0!0&5 0!$0524 402&' 15!04
4'5 0!02 0!25'501 5$$$2 12!4&
510 0!0 0!'&22 2'44 '!5&
525 0!0$0 0!412$01 14121 5!&41
540 0!0$1 0!41$5 0'1'& 1!12
555 0!0$0 0!412$01 110000 ,!&'0
50 0!0 0!'&22 110000 ,$!44'
5$5 0!02 0!25'501 110000 ,12!4&
&00 0!0&5 0!$0524 110000 ,1&!1
&15 0!05& 0!2'511'1 110000 ,1$!$&
&0 0!04& 0!245'$1 110000 ,1'!151
&45 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 110000 ,1$!$&&&0 0!024 0!141&24 110000 ,1&!1
&5 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 110000 ,12!4&
&'0 0!00 0!0545424 110000 ,$!44'
05 0!002 0!0 110000 ,!&'0
20 0!000 0!025 110000 1!12
0
(25
(20
(15
(10
(5
0
5
10
200
400
,00
+00
1000
1200
1400
p
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Cronomanograma si diagrama indicata
1+0 300 420
[$!2]
$/]
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120 240 3,0 4+0
0 0605 061 0615 062 0625 063 0635 064 0645
0
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
[$!2]
Vx [dm3]
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540α
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,00 720
'
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141'!'25 []
= 0!0405 [m]
9 [] ; [m] : []
0 0 0 ,2$'2!&'' 412!&2412 0
' ,5&5!1$$ ,22!$'0 ,2$0!4 42$!124$$ ,!&'
1$ ,1041!$ ,42!1& ,24&2!'5 401'!5&2&4 ,14!$2
2 ,15&!24 ,54!'2 ,1''2!2$ &1!$&11& ,22!54
& ,14&!0' ,5'!41 ,144&!$'0 220!'55 ,0!1$2
45 ,1&!&1 ,55!$$ ,'11!1 202!&2514 ,!$4
54 ,10$&!$$ ,44!01' ,4&1!&4 212!'2$254 ,4!4&2& ,&$1!0& ,2!5$4 ,15!11& 114!15241 ,4!54
2 ,220!445 ,$!'2$ ,10!25 144!1$'$5 ,4$!$'$
$1 225!412 '!12' ,2! 14&4!4&25$ ,4&!'0&
'0 &00!140 24!0& ,1!55 102!2$1 ,41!&5
'' $&$!4 5!12 ,40!551 201'!125&4 ,4!1$2
10$ 101!'5 41!22& ,&&'!12& 22!$&0125 ,2&!42
11 1055!'24 42!&5 ,'2$!&2 255!005&5' ,21!&0
12& 1002!5' 40!&12 ,115!00 2&1!41&5 ,2!4$&
15 $$4!4&4 5!$21 ,12!5$ 2$$&!&05 ,5!'
144 2&!4& 2'!41 ,1450!2$ 2'&0!&'142 ,&1!44
15 54$!2 22!22 ,152!$$1 2''$!442$0 ,'$!'$
1&2 &4!'$& 14!$2 ,151!441 01!550&1 ,12$!5$0
11 1$1!&1 !5$ ,15'2!15' 01!554$ ,10&!54
1$0 0 0 ,15'$!0'4 01$!01$0$ 0
1$' ,1$1!'4 ,!&' ,15'4!54& 01'!'5&&1 10&!54
1'$ ,&!201 ,14!$2 ,15$0!'$ 02!2$51 12$!5$0
20 ,55&!402 ,22!54 ,154'!2& 020!$0'4 '$!'$
21& ,45!22 ,0!1$2 ,14$!'$ 001!$$5$ &1!44
225 ,'2!0&4 ,!$4 ,1$5!522 2'5!4011&5 5!'
24 ,10!15 ,4!4&2 ,12!'2 2$&2!&1251' 2!4$&
24 ,114!&5 ,4!54 ,10!042 21'!1$45 21!&0
252 ,120!&1 ,4$!$'$ ,'!&4 2521!42$&1 2&!42
2&1 ,115$!1&5 ,4&!'0& ,5$!1$& 224!'$205' 4!1$2
20 ,102'!004 ,41!&5 ,2'!544 2002!1&525 41!&5
2' ,$44 ,4!1$2 ,102!4$' 140!0'444 50!141
2$$ ,&5!&4 ,2&!42 0!&15 155!$'5'& 5!&$1
2' ,54!0&& ,21!&0 120!0&& 1405!2' 52!50
.cb
=
' [] m [] ;2 [m]
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0& ,5'!$'2 ,2!4$& 24&!0 10'!0&&0$$ 4$!2
15 ,$$$!15 ,5!' 5'1!$15 1214!442&$ 41!40
24 ,1524!541 ,&1!44 150!5&1 152&!$1&1 !225
,242'!5$$ ,'$!'$ 5&'!02 24!&'151 24!5&
42 ,14!$1 ,12$!5$0 50&!'$0 &$&5!251505 1&!00'
51 ,2&5!$$' ,10&!54 12'&&!'4 11$4!'051 !'$
&0 0 0 1&01&!& 145'&!$110' 0
&' 2&5!$$' 10&!54 12'&&!'4 11$4!'051 ,!&2
$ 14!$1 12$!5$0 50&!'$0 &$&5!251505 ,15!20
$ 242'!5$$ '$!'$ 5&'!02 24!&'151 ,2!01
'& 1524!541 &1!44 150!5&1 152&!$1&1 ,0!4'
405 $$$!15 5!' 5'1!$15 1214!442&$ ,!1&1
414 5'!$'2 2!4$& 24&!0 10'!0&&0$$ ,42!20$
42 54!0&& 21!&0 120!0&& 1405!2' ,44!&02
42 &5!&4 2&!42 0!&15 155!$'5'& ,4!2$0
441 $4!'' 4!1$2 ,102!4$' 140!0'444 ,!40
450 102'!004 41!&5 ,2'!544 2002!1&525 ,2&!&&
45' 12$!040 50!141 ,55!0 24$!121$5 ,11!5&
4&$ 125!44& 5!&$1 ,$1!2&4 2&4&!'5225& &!4
4 102!41 52!50 ,1145!44 2$!0&0$4 25!1'
4$& 11'1!'$ 4$!2 ,10!51 04!&24' 41!$0
4'5 1022!' 41!40 ,154!&14 12&!44014 5!
504 $20!' !225 ,1&$!042 1&&!0'$$0 5!0&
51 &0&!5' 24!5& ,1&$'!02$ 1&!5$02 5!5$
522 '5!2$4 1&!00' ,101!$'2 14&!40'1 41!24'
51 1'2!54 !'$ ,1&$!4& 11!&11'2 22!41$540 0 0 ,1&5&!$4$ 0&!1'$ 0
54' ,1$$!11 ,!&2 ,1&50!54 0&!04$02 ,22!$'0
55$ ,$!24 ,15!20 ,1&2$!&52 01!'5&1$ ,42!1&
5& ,5&$!&&1 ,2!01 ,15$!'$ 05&!&$4$1 ,54!'2
5& ,52!'0& ,0!4' ,150!20 01$!&4245 ,5'!41
5$5 ,'1!55 ,!1&1 ,1!250 2'4!$2225 ,55!$$
5'4 ,1042!1&$ ,42!20$ ,11'$!21 2$1$!05542 ,44!01'
&0 ,1101!2 ,44!&02 ,'&$!50$ 2&0!0''&0' ,2!5$4
&12 ,10&$!&5 ,4!2$0 ,02!45 2&!22''02 ,$!'2$
&21 ,'2!&1$ ,!40 ,42'!1'4 20&&!'5214 '!12'&0 ,&5$!&5 ,2&!&& ,1'0!45& 1'!$1'0$ 24!0&
&' ,2$5!$21 ,11!5& ,4!0$ 14$2!44'05 5!12
&4$ 15'!$' &!4 ,!4$& 14&!2' 41!22&
&5 &22!150 25!1' ,1'!$&$ 1&'!2'51$ 42!&5
&&& 101!&04 41!$0 ,4$!10 2125!25$41 40!&12
&5 11!'4& 5! ,$$!044 2&4'!0$45 5!$21
&$4 1424!$4' 5!0& ,1405!241 1&4!15$5 2'!41
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&' 12!040 5!5$ ,1'4!525 &14!0'5'4 22!22
02 101$!505 41!24' ,240$!2'' '&1!'5 14!$2
11 55!520 22!41$ ,222!'45 41'!&$55 !5$
20 0 0 ,2$&'!11$ 42$'!042& 0
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;omentul motor mono cilindric
9 @ [] : @ []
0 0 0 ,15'$!0'& 0!000 ,&4!0
,!&2 ,!$$5 ,1$1!'4 ,15'4!54& ,1'1!&2 ,5'2!$''
,15!20 ,2!&$ ,&!201 ,15$0!'$1' ,!0'1 ,440!0$
,2!01 ,100!4' ,55&!402 ,154'!2&11 ,''!'1& ,221!512
,0!4' ,120!0'1 ,45!22 ,14$!'$4 ,&0!'2& 20!54'
,!1&1 ,12'!' ,'2!0&4 ,1$5!521&$ ,222!24 2!1'4
,42!20$ ,12'!&$$ ,10!15 ,12!'22 ,&!$1 $&!140,44!&02 ,11'!5' ,114!&5 ,10!0422 24&!'1 4'!'&
,4!2$0 ,101!10& ,120!&1 ,'!&4250' 4'!45$ '1!&5'
,!40 ,5!1$ ,115$!1&5 ,5$!1$5'1 &'1!$' 255!40
,2&!&& ,44!045 ,102'!004 ,2'!54424 $14!52 &2!005
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