Procese si caracteristici - Proiect autoturism MAC

8/16/2019 Procese si caracteristici - Proiect autoturism MAC

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Calculul termic al motorul

Date initiale:

101 kW

137.4 cp

4250 rot/min

i = 5 / (nr. cilindrii)

Autoturisme cu motoare similare:

Audi A4 1.9 !" #$W %3& 325 td' ord C$

+r. Cil. i 4 / & / 4

Cap. Cil. 19&, 249, 1997

A'piratie / ur-o / ur-o / ru-o

uterea 100 kW 105 kW 103

uratia p. 4200 rot/min 4,00 rot/min 3750

$omentul 320 +m 2&0 +m 320

uratia m. 2200 rot/min 2200 rot/min 2250

Alea ! ,1 mm ,0 mm ,5

Cur'a 95.5 mm ,2., mm ,,

.de comp. ε 1&.51 / 2201 / 1&01

Calculul termic pentru un MAC:

Calculul temperaturii aerului dupa compre'or (tur-o'ulanta)

404.34453 (temperatura aerului 'upra

131.19453 6C

m =

nm =

Σ cm

3 cm3

m

nm

$$

n $

' =

[K]0

1

0

⋅=

−

p

pT T s

x x

s


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Calculul pre'iunii 'i temperaturii aerului dupa 'c8im-atorul de caldura (intercool

33,.475&2 (temperatura aerului dupa i

&5.325&2 6C

1.5 -ar (pierderile 'unt mici deci '

150000

Alegerea parametrilor initiali:

293.15 (temperatura initiala)

102000 (pre'iunea initiala)

1000 6C (temperatura aelor reiduale)

110000 (pre'iunea aelor reiduale)

1.25 / (coeicientul de e*ce' de aer)

17 / (raport de comprimare)

150000 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul admi'iei)

33,.475&20034 (temperatura la 'ar'itul admi'iei)

1.14 / (coeicientul de po'tumplere)e calculeaa

0.012,0,2997 / (coeicientul aelor reiduale)

33,.475&20034

&5.325&200343 6C

1.52321122&1 / (coeicientul de umplere)

Parametrii procesului de comprimare:

1.35 / (coeicient politropic de comprimare)

e calculeaa&,73,52.33299 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul comprimarii)

912.39,399,&7 (temperatura la 'ar'itul comprimarii)

&39.24,399,&7 6C

Parametrii procesului de ardere:

c = 0.,57 k

(compoitia motorinei)8 = 0.133 k

A =

pa=p

' =

+/m2

0 =p

0 = +/m2

r =

pr = +/m2

λ =

ε =

pa = +/m2

a =

νp =

γ r =

a =

η : =

η1 =

pc = +/m2

c =

a Rc A T T T T ∆+∆−∆=


3/66

o = 0.01 k

41,&, k;/k (puterea calorica inerioara)

0.75 / (coeicient de utiliare a caldurii)

1.75 / (coeicientul de cre'tere a pre'iunii)

e calculeaa

0.49&924&032 kmol aer / k com- (aerul minim pentru ardere

< = 0.&21155754 kmol aer/ k com- (cantitatea reala de aer ne

1.054032341, (coeicientul teoretic :ariatiei molare)

1.0533490314 (coeicientul real al :ariatiei molare)

C = 35.,757321577 k;/kmol (caldura 'peciica molara a ame'teculu

C> = 27.3&2&54 ? (caldura 'peciica molara a aelor de ardere)

2552.453,31&2 (temperatura la 'ar'itul arderii)

2279.303,31&2 6C

12029241.5,27 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul arderii)

1.&,3,&&4035 (radul de de'tindere preala-ila)

Destinderea:

1.3 /e calculeaa

δ = 10.095,12,0& / (radul de de'tindere)

5954&2.711472 (pre'iunea la 'ar'itul de'tinderii)

1275.&029312, (temperatura la 'ar'itul de'tinderii)

Parametrii principali ai motorului:

0.94 (coeicient de rotunire a diaramei)

0.&&, (randamentul mecanic)

e calculeaa

231207&.00&&3 (pre'iunea medie a ciclului teoretic)

2173351.44&23 (pre'iunea medie indicata)

0.50& (randamentul indicat al motorului)

@i =

ξ =

π =

<min

=

μ0 =

μf =

=

p = +/m2

ρ =

η2 =

p- = +/m2

- =

μ r =

m =

p" = +/m2

pi = +/m2

ηi =


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145179,.7&&0, (pre'iunea medie eecti:a)

0.33, (randamentul eecti: al motorului)

0.2544,13442 k/kW8 (con'um 'peciic eecti: de com-u'ti-il)

254.4,13442 /kW8

Dimensiunile fundamentale ale motorului:

Φ = 1.03 / (raport cur'a alea)

e calculeaa

0.393 l (capacitatea cilindrica nece'ara)

! = 0.7,&025&507 dm (diametrul aleaului)

7,.& mm

= ,1.0 mm (cur'a)

11.1353&33,5& m/' (:itea medie a pi'tonului)

1.9&4 l (cilindrea totala a motorului)

51.417,729&55 kW/l (puterea litrica a motorului)

pe = +/m2

e =

e =

8 =

Wn =

t =

l =


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Proiect la procese si caracteristici ale motoarelor cu

i

* 2.0 tdci ol:o 40 2.0 tdi Ala omeo 159 1.9 ;!m

/ 4 / 4 /

1997 1910

/ ur-o / ru-o /

kW 100 kW 110 kW

rot/min 4000 rot/min 4000 rot/min

+m 320 +m 320 +m

rot/min 2000 rot/min 2000 rot/min

mm B mm ,2 mm

mm B mm 90.4 mm

/ B / 17.51 /

35 6C (temperatura mediului am-iant 20 156C prelu

30,.15

* = 1.4 / (e*ponentul adia-atic pentru aer)

1.5 -ar (pre'iunea de 'upraalimentare)

0.9&& -ar (pre'iunea de :acum inaintea tur-inei)

limentat)

cm3 cm3 cm3

0 =

p' =

p 0 =


6/66

er)

9&.194525 (cre'terea temperaturi in comp

,0.,&,905 ('caderea temperaturi in 'c8im

323.475&2 (radul de racire a 'c8im-atoru

323.15 (cre'terea temperaturi la 'ar'it

ntercooler)

nelieaa)

1.02 -ar

1.1 -ar

1.5 -ar

&5.325&2 6C

&,.73,523 -ar

Dc=

'

0 =

D=

'

r =

r = ,0E

' =

Da= 015 =


7/66

a 1k de com-u'ti-il)

e'ara arderii)

* =

F =

=

i)

120.29242 -ar

5.954&271 -ar

1002.4529 6C

* =

F =

=

23.1207& -ar

21.733514 -ar

p "


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14.5179,, -ar


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rdere interna

at de la motor )


10/66

e'or)

atorul de caldura)

lui de caldura)

ul admi'iei)


11/66

49913.234&

4&007.9011

37.5799&,9

1.19&7&&21

5.9,21,221

1.79721,&


12/66


13/66

m = 101 GkWH

137.3& GcpHnm = 4250 Grot/minH

a = 0.,7 c = 0.49412

- = 1.13 I1 = 1.011&233099

c = 1.55 I2 = 0.97&7533,02

d = 1.55 I3 = 0.9,,37&&9

k = 1 I = 1

n Grot/minH e GkWH e GcpH $e G+mH ce G/kW8H Ce Gk/8H

1000 2,.202237& 3,.3550431 2&9.311530, 71.03391931& 7.174425,511100 31.322,5&7 42.5990,5 271.91931&4 7,.,9392704& 7.9&,2,&&32

1200 34.4&&,,35 4&.,749&15 274.27,7439 ,&.,12,92& ,.7&,102153

1300 37.&2&515& 51.1720&12 27&.3,9,132 94.7711&3,07 9.571,,7544

1400 40.7939507 55.4797729 27,.2525243 102.7490,,49 10.377&5794

1500 43.9&13,&3 59.7,74,53 279.,&&,773 110.72701449 11.1,342,4&

1&00 47.12102 &4.0,45,72 2,1.232,721 11,.&,52,9&3 11.9,721425

1700 50.2&50494 &,.3&04&72 2,2.35050,7 12&.&042&173 12.7,703044

1,00 53.3,5&722 72.&045141 2,3.2197,71 134.4&427,&4 13.5,0,9214

1900 5&.4750,5, 7&.,0&11&7 2,3.,407074 142.245&,,1& 14.3&&,145

2000 59.5254,, ,0.954&&3& 2,4.2132&95 149.92,,3,14 15.142,12&52100 &2.52907&2 ,5.0395437 2,4.3374734 157.49407&4 15.90&90172

2200 &5.47,04,2 ,9.050145& 2,4.2133192 1&4.9217507, 1&.&5709&,3

2300 &,.3&4&015 92.975,5, 2,3.,40,0&7 172.19220909 17.39141312

2400 71.1,09337 9&.,0&0&9, 2,3.21993&2 179.2,57991, 1,.107,&572

2500 73.9192423 100.53017 2,2.3507074 1,&.1,2,&,,& 1,.,044&975

2&00 7&.5717251 104.13754& 2,1.2331204 192.,&37&597 19.4792403&

2700 79.130579& 107.&175,, 279.,&71753 199.30,,3,33 20.130192&7

2,00 ,1.5,,0033 110.959&,5 27,.252,72 205.49,4337, 20.755341,1

2900 ,3.93&194 114.153224 27&.390210& 211.41290014 21.35270291

3000 ,&.1&73491 117.1,7595 274.279191 217.0325,524 21.92029111

3100 ,,.273&&&4 120.0521,& 271.919,131 222.337,3&91 22.45&12153

3200 90.2473433 122.73&3,7 2&9.3120772 227.3090029, 22.95,2093

3300 92.0,05775 125.2295,5 2&&.4559,3 231.92&4312, 23.4245&95&

3400 93.7&55&&5 127.52117 2&3.3515307 23&.1704&9&4 23.,5321743

3500 95.29450,1 129.&00531 259.99,7202 240.0214&5,, 24.2421&,05

3&00 9&.&595997 131.45705& 25&.3975515 243.4597&7,3 24.5,943&55

3700 97.,53039 133.0,0133 252.54,0247 24&.4&572333 24.,9303,0&

3,00 9,.,&7023& 134.459152 24,.4501397 249.019&,02 25.1509,77


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3900 99.&93751 135.5,3501 244.103,9&5 251.1019,&27 25.3&1300&1

4000 100.325419 13&.44257 239.5092951 252.&929,937 25.52199193

4100 100.754225 137.02574& 234.&&&335& 253.77303733 25.&3107&77

4200 100.9723&7 137.322419 229.5750179 254.32247797 25.&,&5702,

4250 101 137.3& 22&.93&2247 254.39207925 25.&93&

4300 100 13& 222.07&&&4, 251.,7334579 25.43920792

4400 ,, 119.&, 190.9,59317 221.&4,5443 22.3,&502974500 75 102 159.1549431 1,,.90500934 19.07940594


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Caracteri'tica e*terioara

e = 0.33,

@i = 41,&, Gk;/kH

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Pe [kW]

Me [!]

"e [#$kW%]

&e [k#$%]


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750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 37

0

25


17/66

motorului


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50 4000 4250 4500 4750 [rot/min]


19/66

' ( ( unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit )

n = 4250 rot/min ( turatia arborelui cotit )

= 0!0405 m ( ra"a manivelei )

# = 0!0$1 m ( cursa %istonului )

l = 0!1&2 m ( lungimea bielei)

) = 445!05$'5' rad/s ( vite"a unghiulara)

0!$&05' rot/s

λ = 0!25

* + [cm] v [m/s]

0 0 0 10!02&22$4

15 0!11'122 5!'14 '!4$5&$'2

0 0!&&'15'&1 10!'&0 !'50142'5

45 1!4'4254 14!''$& 5!&250$05

&0 2!404&$5 1!5&12& !00$01&$52

5 !4412055 1$!52& 0!'4$2&44

'0 4!55&25 1$!024$' ,2!0055445

105 5!50554$1 1&!2$415 ,!$1125$4

120 &!454&$5 1!&5$& ,5!01$&14215 !1&&'04& 10!4'241 ,5!&250$05

150 !&$'&5' !0&11' ,5!'44&0'2

1&5 !''5'11'2 !5$& ,&!011'4&22

1$0 $!1 0!00000 ,&!01&&0

1'5 !''5'11'2 ,!5$& ,&!011'4&22

210 !&$'&5' ,!0&11' ,5!'44&0'2

225 !1&&'04& ,10!4'241 ,5!&250$05

240 &!454&$5 ,1!&5$& ,5!01$&142

255 5!50554$1 ,1&!2$415 ,!$1125$4

20 4!55&25 ,1$!024$' ,2!0055445

2$5 !4412055 ,1$!52& 0!'4$2&44

00 2!404&$5 ,1!5&12& !00$01&$52

15 1!4'4254 ,14!''$& 5!&250$05

0 0!&&'15'&1 ,10!'&0 !'50142'5

45 0!11'122 ,5!'14 '!4$5&$'2

&0 0 0!000 10!02&22$4

a [-m/s2]

0

0

5

10

15

20

25


20/66

(25

(20

(15

(10

(5


21/66

Cinematica mecanismului biela man

*0 1+0 270 3,0


22/66


23/66

vela

- ["!]

. [!$/]

a [k!$/2]


24/66


25/66

1! .ortele care actionea"a in mecanismul biela manivela

1!1 .orta de %resiune a ga"elor

2151 2051

100000

= 0!0$4 m 0!004$24'

1!2 .ortele de inertie

1!2!1 .ortele de inertie a %ieselor alate in miscare de tran"latie

0!244 -g

0!244 -g

0!0&1 -g

1002!&

1!2!2 .ortele de inertie a %ieselor alate in miscare de rotatie

= 0!0405 m

) = 445!05' rad/s

0!105 -g

0!05 -g 0!42$'

0!1&' -g

1!2! .ortele re"ultante din mecanismul biela,manivela

. =

% ind

= /m2 %g =

%0= /m2

3 % =

m % =

m b = m

=

m1b

=

a % = m/s2

mm =

m br

= mr =

m2b

=

.g .


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Calculul dinamic al m

1000'!0'5&

1020!2'51 -g

0!111 -g ,11'!&0$14

,1$!002$&$ -g

,440!&'554

,50!4'1 -g

-g

/m2

.g=

m2

. =

.r =


27/66

torului


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1!2! .ortele re"ultante din mecanismul biela,manivela

6ariatia ortelor .7 .g7 .7 7 87 97 :

= $!& mm 0!'&& ;


29/66

2&1 0!2$442& 1!&&'5201 2$!&4501$5 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ 122$!0'&52&

20 0!24$&'$& 1!'4$005$5 405!2$0&4$ ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& 102'!0042'

2' 0!21&'&0& 2!$15$'1 55!&22022' ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& $1!5&$'4$

2$$ 0!1$50' 2!$'$5$&41$ $20!&'2$ &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& &1!1051

2' 0!1552'2 !2'0$'4&& 11$!1'&&$ 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 50!&5125

0& 0!12412 5!00&4&5&' 140!'$$0&$& 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 &1!'1&4

15 0!0'5&' !0524&'54& 2&4!44$20 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 104&!&0'$1&

24 0!0152422 10!45$&01&' 4121!$10$5 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ 2112!50$'4

0!051&0'' 1&!24$&202& &&50!12'54' $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 42$!0&

42 0!0&$$4 25!&&1441&' 10&0!&0 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 $120!&&$&

51 0!02&51& !2$&141145 1&00!441054 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 121'!4'51

&0 0!0245&405 44!2&1'0' 1$$$5!$51$ 10250!50'445' ,2$&'!115' 1&01&!&12

&' 0!02&51& !2$&141145 1&00!441054 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 121'!4'51

$ 0!0&$$4 25!&&1441&' 10&0!&0 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 $120!&&$&

$ 0!051&0'' 1&!24$&202& &&50!12'54' $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 42$!0&

'& 0!0152422 10!45$&01&' 4121!$10$5 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ 2112!50$'4

405 0!0'5&' !0524&'54& 2&4!44$20 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 104&!&0'$1&

414 0!12412 5!00&4&5&' 140!'$$0&$& 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 &1!'1&4

42 0!1552'2 !2'0$'4&& 11$!1'&&$ 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 50!&5125

42 0!1$50' 2!$'$5$&41$ $20!&'2$ &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& &1!1051

441 0!21&'&0& 2!$15$'1 55!&22022' ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& $1!5&$'4$

450 0!24$&'$& 1!'4$005$5 405!2$0&4$ ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& 102'!0042'

45' 0!2$442& 2! &$!4 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ 112!'450$

4&$ 0!0&4$'25 2! 1!42 ,42$1!&42'1 11'$!4&& 152'!$0''0

4 0!1'5'2& 2'4!5 ,4'51!$5 1$&!002& 1&$0!525&

4$& 0!5444 !2 25!245 ,540!$''00& 1512!551 1&'!$5$&24'5 0!&$4 ! 220!42 ,5&2!50$05 15$!501 1$0$!0005

504 0!$'4$'' 1$!5$& ,5$01!44115 1&2!$2 1$0!4100

51 0!401'5&$ 2!$ 14&!25$ ,5$!'1&' 1&4!04$&' 1$0!244'

522 0!41051 2!& 10'!$44 ,5$2&!15'45' 1&0!$'' 140!451'

51 0!415$41 2!2 2!2&4 ,5$04!0&4&5 1&24!55 1&'&!$21&'&

540 0!415$$$' 1!$ 5!1 ,5'!&&20$& 1&21!&51& 1&5&!$4$1&2

54' 0!415$41 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$04!0&4&5 1&24!55 1&5'!4'2&

55$ 0!41051 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$2&!15'45' 1&0!$'' 1&&5!$4

5& 0!401'5&$ 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$!'1&' 1&4!04$&' 1&&$!'$42

5& 0!$'4$'' 1!1 4!'55405 ,5$01!44115 1&2!$2 1&5$!5$'145$5 0!&$4 1!1 4!'55405 ,5&2!50$05 15$!501 1&22!&054&

5'4 0!5444 1!1 4!'55405 ,540!$''00& 1512!551 154!4$&$

&0 0!1'5'2& 1!1 4!'55405 ,4'51!$5 1$&!002& 1420!'$2'

&12 0!0&4$'25 1!1 4!'55405 ,42$1!&42'1 11'$!4&& 12!402244

&21 0!2$442& 1!1 4!'55405 ,4!24&1$$2 '44!45150$ ''!$04$$

&0 0!24$&'$& 1!1 4!'55405 ,222$!1&1$ &2!2121& &5$!&5&5&$

&' 0!21&'&0& 1!1 4!'55405 ,$&4!&$50'1' 241!'&4& 2&!$22$&5


30/66

&4$ 0!1$50' 1!1 4!'55405 &&!1$&410544 ,1$'!2&45& ,154!2'05&

&5 0!1552'2 1!1 4!'55405 22!10$0' ,&52!44'1 ,&1!$$'50&

&&& 0!12412 1!1 4!'55405 402&!&$'&0& ,112!0042 ,10'2!14$$

&5 0!0'5&' 1!1 4!'55405 5&2!50$052 ,15$!501 ,1552!''4&4

&$4 0!0152422 1!1 4!'55405 1$!&5054 ,200'!042$ ,1'4!&$44

&' 0!051&0'' 1!1 4!'55405 $45!5$111&12 ,2&!2&'5 ,22!41414

02 0!0&$$4 1!1 4!'55405 '42!2'&'&45 ,2&40!0'''2 ,2&05!1&4$

11 0!02&51& 1!1 4!'55405 10042!&'4 ,2$10!'45'5 ,2&!01040'

20 0!0245&405 1!02 0 10250!50'445' ,2$&'!115' ,2$&'!115'4


31/66

0!025 0!1 -g

0!41$ 0!0& -g 0!004$521&

1! 0!244 -g

0!244 -g 0!11 -g

> 8 9 :

[rad] [] [] [] []

0 0 ,2$'2!&''0$4 0 ,2$'2!&''0$

0!044&1 ,12!2$$0&1 ,2$!20$& ,5&5!1$'&4 ,2$0!420!0$5'4$2 ,22'!4'22&1 ,2&!54'205 ,1041!$2' ,24&2!'455

0!12&44514 ,0!''5 ,2410!0''55 ,15&!241 ,1''2!2$4

0!1&400'& ,&!41' ,20&0!5&4'4 ,14&!0$'$ ,144&!$$'4

0!1'0' ,22!$01&1 ,1&4!2$2'4 ,1&!&12$& ,'11!12$

0!22&&&2$ ,2&5!01$4 ,11$0!$5&111 ,10$&!$& ,4&1!&425

0!250100'' ,12!4'' ,&'$!04$$4 ,&$1!050' ,15!1151

0!2&5&0 ,5$!014&$4 ,220!&$&44'' ,220!444$ ,10!250&0

0!2'21$' &2!2'$005 22!0&$4014& 225!4124'5 ,2!2241

0!2$14$00 1!54$$2 &24!255& &00!1'2& ,1!54$$2

0!2'21$' 2&2!2'4$4 '5!&15'$4$ $&$!42&4 ,40!550&50!2&5&0 21!$12$ 121$!1&201 101!'524 ,&&'!125$$

0!250100'' 4$!02'$5 140&!10$545 1055!'24 ,'2$!&21&5

0!22&&&2$ 4!'50& 152$!054&&2 1002!5'4 ,115!00&'

0!1'0' 1!24 15'5!22$2 $$4!4&40& ,12!5$05

0!1&400'& 2&4!$1202 1&22!00'0 2&!45&& ,1450!2$&5

0!12&44514 204!2$01 1&2!42'04 54$!22$14 ,152!$$15

0!0$5'4$2 1$!4$001' 1&1!201'5 &4!'$52$ ,151!4412

0!044&1 &'!&4&2' 1&02!4$'$25 1$1!&055 ,15'2!15$'

!402?,01 5!4&?,014 15'$!0'&1$ 1!'5?,01 ,15'$!0'&

,0!044&1 ,&'!'00$ 1&04!$'251 ,1$1!'42'' ,15'4!54&

,0!0$5'4$2 ,1'!204& 1&2!0&144$ ,&!200' ,15$0!'$1'

,0!12&44514 ,20!5'054 1&4&!14&25 ,55&!401$5 ,154'!2&11

,0!1&400'& ,21!155$2 1&&4!12521 ,45!2224& ,14$!'$4

,0!1'0' ,2!00&'5 1&&4!$45$'2 ,'2!0&4014 ,1$5!521&$

,0!22&&&2$ ,&!4'520$ 1&5!2'&&0$& ,10!14'4 ,12!'22

,0!250100'' ,$!1&40& 15&4!2$$$ ,114!&541 ,10!0422

,0!2&5&0 ,$1!024 1444!$4'&'& ,120!&12$ ,'!&4250'

dm m2b =

dm m1b = 3 % =

m b =

m =

0

(5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

#

1500

2000


32/66

,0!2'21$' ,50!$2'&4 12!101'144 ,115$!1&4&5 ,5$!1$5'1

,0!2$14$00 ,2'!54424 101!15'$54 ,102'!0042' ,2'!54424

,0!2'21$' ,2!250'$ $50!1'2$5'& ,$4!''2& ,102!4$'55

,0!2&5&0 ,12!$&$'$ &54!50&2$& ,&5!&40 0!&1451''

,0!250100'' ,15!4$152 54!'&00$2 ,54!0&&152 120!0&5$2

,0!22&&&2$ ,141!5$5 &0!02&52 ,5'!$'15$ 24&!0&'5

,0!1'0' ,20'!&5&$4 10&!402&&5& ,$$$!152&$ 5'1!$1452$

,0!1&400'& ,4'!&0$54' 2141!242522 ,1524!540 150!5&0

,0!12&44514 ,544!4'5 41!504'$22 ,242'!5$5 5&'!0202

,0!0$5'4$2 ,&''!&41&'$ $150!1144& ,14!$12&1 50&!'$041

,0!044&1 ,54!'$2'2 121!''&4 ,2&5!$$$'4 12'&&!'4

,&!$04?,01 ,1!0'0?,012 1&01&!&124 ,!'2?,012 1&01&!&1

0!044&1 54!'$2'2 121!''&4 2&5!$$$'4 12'&&!'4

0!0$5'4$2 &''!&41&'$ $150!1144& 14!$12&1 50&!'$041

0!12&44514 544!4'5 41!504'$22 242'!5$5 5&'!0202

0!1&400'& 4'!&0$54' 2141!242522 1524!540 150!5&0

0!1'0' 20'!&5&$4 10&!402&&5& $$$!152&$ 5'1!$1452$

0!22&&&2$ 141!5$5 &0!02&52 5'!$'15$ 24&!0&'5

0!250100'' 15!4$152 54!'&00$2 54!0&&152 120!0&5$2

0!2&5&0 12!$&$'$ &54!50&2$& &5!&40 0!&1451''

0!2'21$' 2!250'$ $50!1'2$5'& $4!''2& ,102!4$'55

0!2$14$00 2'!54424 101!15'$54 102'!0042' ,2'!54424

0!2'21$' 4!54$ 1&5!1'&44& 12$!0'&5 ,55!02$5

0!2&5&0 41'!05''$ 15$&!1&1$'5 125!44&4 ,$1!2&414

0!250100'' 42'!2'125 14!4'42' 102!415 ,1145!4422

0!22&&&2$ 40$!1'2'2 1$1&!44&$5 11'1!'$$ ,10!50'10!1'0' &2!1'5$ 1$4!''$1&' 1022!'2 ,154!&142

0!1&400'& 2''!11&'4 1$1!'''$4 $20!$4 ,1&$!041&

0!12&44514 22&!20$4 1'4!&52104 &0&!5'05 ,1&$'!02$25

0!0$5'4$2 14'!'525 14!1''0&2 '5!2$445 ,101!$'211

0!044&1 !$04 1&'$!425'$11 1'2!54&&04 ,1&$!4&41

1!021?,01& 1!&'1?,01 1&5&!$4$1&1$ &!0$?,01 ,1&5&!$4$1&

,0!044&1 ,2!1'$2$1 1&&1!0&222'1 ,1$$!10&2 ,1&50!55

,0!0$5'4$2 ,14!521&15 1&2!00450 ,$!2&4 ,1&2$!&522

,0!12&44514 ,212!1&&$'5 1&$2!415$&' ,5&$!&&0$'$ ,15$!'5'

,0!1&400'& ,24!51544$ 1&$1!20$&'4 ,52!'0&&4 ,150!202$,0!1'0' ,25!054&1 1&54!'0'1& ,'1!55025 ,1!24'&

,0!22&&&2$ ,5&!$'0&22 15$$!10$4$1 ,1042!1&$1 ,11'$!2054

,0!250100'' ,&2!''$1 14&&!5&&'&4 ,1101!2&4 ,'&$!50$2

,0!2&5&0 ,!$45$5$ 12$!$5&4 ,10&$!&51 ,02!4525'

,0!2'21$' ,2'!4242 101$!4&$0504 ,'2!&1511 ,42'!1'444

,0!2$14$00 ,1'0!45551' &$5!&'$&52 ,&5$!&5&5 ,1'0!45551'

,0!2'21$' ,$!''241 2$!'204&$ ,2$5!$20'& ,4!0$411

(500

500

1000

(5

5

10

15

20


33/66

,0!2&5&0 42!22$4' ,1&0!01$$' 15'!$$&& ,!4$&4225

,0!250100'' 15!$2&&5 ,&!&$5$ &22!150 ,1'!$&$4

,0!22&&&2$ 251!$4&$ ,1120!$002' 101!&0$$ ,4$!1&''1

,0!1'0' 11!05'$4 ,15$!&4$1 11!'4&24 ,$$!04$21

,0!1&400'& 2&!41 ,2001!2252 1424!$4$$1 ,1405!2402

,0!12&44514 2'&!4'50' ,251!111&12 12!0''1 ,1'4!5254&

,0!0$5'4$2 224!450&&5 ,2&14!$15'4 101$!505 ,240$!2''4'

,0!044&1 120!42$5 ,2$!&502' 55!520015 ,222!'44

,1!&1?,01& !'04?,01 ,2$&'!115'4 1!405?,012 ,2$&'!115'


34/66

m2

,0 120 1+0 240 300 3,0 420 4+0 540 ,00 ,,0α


35/66

0 120 240 3,0 4+0 ,00 720

'

0 120 240 3,0 4+0 ,00 720

00

0

00

00

00

00

'


36/66


37/66

720


38/66


39/66


40/66

1!1 3legerea ordinii de lucru

( #chema arborelui cotit %entru motorul cu 5 cilindri in linie in 4 tim%i)

144 (unghiul de decala intre doua a%rinderi succ

' #chema de lucru a cilindrilor Cilindrul

0 1

144 2

5&

2$$ 4

42 5

γ = 3C


41/66

;omentul total al motorului

sive)


42/66


43/66

110000

'&&00

1202'2421!5

1!

0!41$

0!025

0!004$5

# = 0!0$1 m

0!25

= 0!0405 m

) = 445!05' rad/s

' v [m/s]

0 0!000 0!025 '&&00 1!12

15 0!002 0!0 '&&00 5!&41

0 0!00 0!0545424 '&&00 '!5&

45 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 '&&00 12!4&

&0 0!024 0!141&24 '&&00 15!04

5 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 '&&00 1&!45'0 0!04& 0!245'$1 '&&00 1&!$'$

105 0!05& 0!2'511'1 '&&00 1&!45

120 0!0&5 0!$0524 '&&00 15!04

15 0!02 0!25'501 '&&00 12!4&

150 0!0 0!'&22 '&&00 '!5&

1&5 0!0$0 0!412$01 '&&00 5!&41

1$0 0!0$1 0!41$5 '&&00 1!12

1'5 0!0$0 0!412$01 '$24& ,!&'0

210 0!0 0!'&22 1025 ,$!44'

225 0!02 0!25'501 112$22 ,12!4&240 0!0&5 0!$0524 12$&5$ ,1&!1

255 0!05& 0!2'511'1 15451 ,1$!$&

20 0!04& 0!245'$1 1'&1 ,1'!151

2$5 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 2251 ,1$!$&

00 0!024 0!141&24 41&40& ,1&!1

15 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 15$5 ,12!4&

0 0!00 0!0545424 140&0 ,$!44'

%r= /m2

%a = /m2

%" = /m2

η1 =

η2 =

6a = dm

6c= dm

3 % = m2

λ b =

+ % [m] 6

+ [dm] %

+ [/m2]

200000

400000

,00000

+00000

1000000

1200000

1400000

p-

15

20

. [


44/66

45 0!002 0!0 2'4'51 ,!&'0

50 0!001 0!02$245 5$$5' ,2!01

55 0!000 0!025''& 411'4 ,0!4&2

&0 0!000 0!025 42$5$& 1!12

&1 0!000 0!02504 12005$'1 1!440

&5 0!000 0!025''& 114&'15 2!&$0

0 0!001 0!02$245 1004222 4!1$'

5 0!002 0!0 $24520 5!&41

'0 0!00 0!0545424 40'4 '!5&

405 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 212&4' 12!4&

420 0!024 0!141&24 12&202$ 15!04

45 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 $411$2 1&!45

450 0!04& 0!245'$1 &15& 1&!$'$

4&5 0!05& 0!2'511'1 4$5$0& 1&!45

4$0 0!0&5 0!$0524 402&' 15!04

4'5 0!02 0!25'501 5$$$2 12!4&

510 0!0 0!'&22 2'44 '!5&

525 0!0$0 0!412$01 14121 5!&41

540 0!0$1 0!41$5 0'1'& 1!12

555 0!0$0 0!412$01 110000 ,!&'0

50 0!0 0!'&22 110000 ,$!44'

5$5 0!02 0!25'501 110000 ,12!4&

&00 0!0&5 0!$0524 110000 ,1&!1

&15 0!05& 0!2'511'1 110000 ,1$!$&

&0 0!04& 0!245'$1 110000 ,1'!151

&45 0!05 0!1'4'4$5 110000 ,1$!$&&&0 0!024 0!141&24 110000 ,1&!1

&5 0!014 0!0'4$0$11 110000 ,12!4&

&'0 0!00 0!0545424 110000 ,$!44'

05 0!002 0!0 110000 ,!&'0

20 0!000 0!025 110000 1!12

0

(25

(20

(15

(10

(5

0

5

10

200

400

,00

+00

1000

1200

1400

p


45/66

Cronomanograma si diagrama indicata

1+0 300 420

[$!2]

$/]


46/66

120 240 3,0 4+0

0 0605 061 0615 062 0625 063 0635 064 0645

0

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

[$!2]

Vx [dm3]


47/66

540α


48/66

,00 720

'


49/66

141'!'25 []

= 0!0405 [m]

9 [] ; [m] : []

0 0 0 ,2$'2!&'' 412!&2412 0

' ,5&5!1$$ ,22!$'0 ,2$0!4 42$!124$$ ,!&'

1$ ,1041!$ ,42!1& ,24&2!'5 401'!5&2&4 ,14!$2

2 ,15&!24 ,54!'2 ,1''2!2$ &1!$&11& ,22!54

& ,14&!0' ,5'!41 ,144&!$'0 220!'55 ,0!1$2

45 ,1&!&1 ,55!$$ ,'11!1 202!&2514 ,!$4

54 ,10$&!$$ ,44!01' ,4&1!&4 212!'2$254 ,4!4&2& ,&$1!0& ,2!5$4 ,15!11& 114!15241 ,4!54

2 ,220!445 ,$!'2$ ,10!25 144!1$'$5 ,4$!$'$

$1 225!412 '!12' ,2! 14&4!4&25$ ,4&!'0&

'0 &00!140 24!0& ,1!55 102!2$1 ,41!&5

'' $&$!4 5!12 ,40!551 201'!125&4 ,4!1$2

10$ 101!'5 41!22& ,&&'!12& 22!$&0125 ,2&!42

11 1055!'24 42!&5 ,'2$!&2 255!005&5' ,21!&0

12& 1002!5' 40!&12 ,115!00 2&1!41&5 ,2!4$&

15 $$4!4&4 5!$21 ,12!5$ 2$$&!&05 ,5!'

144 2&!4& 2'!41 ,1450!2$ 2'&0!&'142 ,&1!44

15 54$!2 22!22 ,152!$$1 2''$!442$0 ,'$!'$

1&2 &4!'$& 14!$2 ,151!441 01!550&1 ,12$!5$0

11 1$1!&1 !5$ ,15'2!15' 01!554$ ,10&!54

1$0 0 0 ,15'$!0'4 01$!01$0$ 0

1$' ,1$1!'4 ,!&' ,15'4!54& 01'!'5&&1 10&!54

1'$ ,&!201 ,14!$2 ,15$0!'$ 02!2$51 12$!5$0

20 ,55&!402 ,22!54 ,154'!2& 020!$0'4 '$!'$

21& ,45!22 ,0!1$2 ,14$!'$ 001!$$5$ &1!44

225 ,'2!0&4 ,!$4 ,1$5!522 2'5!4011&5 5!'

24 ,10!15 ,4!4&2 ,12!'2 2$&2!&1251' 2!4$&

24 ,114!&5 ,4!54 ,10!042 21'!1$45 21!&0

252 ,120!&1 ,4$!$'$ ,'!&4 2521!42$&1 2&!42

2&1 ,115$!1&5 ,4&!'0& ,5$!1$& 224!'$205' 4!1$2

20 ,102'!004 ,41!&5 ,2'!544 2002!1&525 41!&5

2' ,$44 ,4!1$2 ,102!4$' 140!0'444 50!141

2$$ ,&5!&4 ,2&!42 0!&15 155!$'5'& 5!&$1

2' ,54!0&& ,21!&0 120!0&& 1405!2' 52!50

.cb

=

' [] m [] ;2 [m]


50/66

0& ,5'!$'2 ,2!4$& 24&!0 10'!0&&0$$ 4$!2

15 ,$$$!15 ,5!' 5'1!$15 1214!442&$ 41!40

24 ,1524!541 ,&1!44 150!5&1 152&!$1&1 !225

,242'!5$$ ,'$!'$ 5&'!02 24!&'151 24!5&

42 ,14!$1 ,12$!5$0 50&!'$0 &$&5!251505 1&!00'

51 ,2&5!$$' ,10&!54 12'&&!'4 11$4!'051 !'$

&0 0 0 1&01&!& 145'&!$110' 0

&' 2&5!$$' 10&!54 12'&&!'4 11$4!'051 ,!&2

$ 14!$1 12$!5$0 50&!'$0 &$&5!251505 ,15!20

$ 242'!5$$ '$!'$ 5&'!02 24!&'151 ,2!01

'& 1524!541 &1!44 150!5&1 152&!$1&1 ,0!4'

405 $$$!15 5!' 5'1!$15 1214!442&$ ,!1&1

414 5'!$'2 2!4$& 24&!0 10'!0&&0$$ ,42!20$

42 54!0&& 21!&0 120!0&& 1405!2' ,44!&02

42 &5!&4 2&!42 0!&15 155!$'5'& ,4!2$0

441 $4!'' 4!1$2 ,102!4$' 140!0'444 ,!40

450 102'!004 41!&5 ,2'!544 2002!1&525 ,2&!&&

45' 12$!040 50!141 ,55!0 24$!121$5 ,11!5&

4&$ 125!44& 5!&$1 ,$1!2&4 2&4&!'5225& &!4

4 102!41 52!50 ,1145!44 2$!0&0$4 25!1'

4$& 11'1!'$ 4$!2 ,10!51 04!&24' 41!$0

4'5 1022!' 41!40 ,154!&14 12&!44014 5!

504 $20!' !225 ,1&$!042 1&&!0'$$0 5!0&

51 &0&!5' 24!5& ,1&$'!02$ 1&!5$02 5!5$

522 '5!2$4 1&!00' ,101!$'2 14&!40'1 41!24'

51 1'2!54 !'$ ,1&$!4& 11!&11'2 22!41$540 0 0 ,1&5&!$4$ 0&!1'$ 0

54' ,1$$!11 ,!&2 ,1&50!54 0&!04$02 ,22!$'0

55$ ,$!24 ,15!20 ,1&2$!&52 01!'5&1$ ,42!1&

5& ,5&$!&&1 ,2!01 ,15$!'$ 05&!&$4$1 ,54!'2

5& ,52!'0& ,0!4' ,150!20 01$!&4245 ,5'!41

5$5 ,'1!55 ,!1&1 ,1!250 2'4!$2225 ,55!$$

5'4 ,1042!1&$ ,42!20$ ,11'$!21 2$1$!05542 ,44!01'

&0 ,1101!2 ,44!&02 ,'&$!50$ 2&0!0''&0' ,2!5$4

&12 ,10&$!&5 ,4!2$0 ,02!45 2&!22''02 ,$!'2$

&21 ,'2!&1$ ,!40 ,42'!1'4 20&&!'5214 '!12'&0 ,&5$!&5 ,2&!&& ,1'0!45& 1'!$1'0$ 24!0&

&' ,2$5!$21 ,11!5& ,4!0$ 14$2!44'05 5!12

&4$ 15'!$' &!4 ,!4$& 14&!2' 41!22&

&5 &22!150 25!1' ,1'!$&$ 1&'!2'51$ 42!&5

&&& 101!&04 41!$0 ,4$!10 2125!25$41 40!&12

&5 11!'4& 5! ,$$!044 2&4'!0$45 5!$21

&$4 1424!$4' 5!0& ,1405!241 1&4!15$5 2'!41


51/66

&' 12!040 5!5$ ,1'4!525 &14!0'5'4 22!22

02 101$!505 41!24' ,240$!2'' '&1!'5 14!$2

11 55!520 22!41$ ,222!'45 41'!&$55 !5$

20 0 0 ,2$&'!11$ 42$'!042& 0


52/66

;omentul motor mono cilindric

9 @ [] : @ []

0 0 0 ,15'$!0'& 0!000 ,&4!0

,!&2 ,!$$5 ,1$1!'4 ,15'4!54& ,1'1!&2 ,5'2!$''

,15!20 ,2!&$ ,&!201 ,15$0!'$1' ,!0'1 ,440!0$

,2!01 ,100!4' ,55&!402 ,154'!2&11 ,''!'1& ,221!512

,0!4' ,120!0'1 ,45!22 ,14$!'$4 ,&0!'2& 20!54'

,!1&1 ,12'!' ,'2!0&4 ,1$5!521&$ ,222!24 2!1'4

,42!20$ ,12'!&$$ ,10!15 ,12!'22 ,&!$1 $&!140,44!&02 ,11'!5' ,114!&5 ,10!0422 24&!'1 4'!'&

,4!2$0 ,101!10& ,120!&1 ,'!&4250' 4'!45$ '1!&5'

,!40 ,5!1$ ,115$!1&5 ,5$!1$5'1 &'1!$' 255!40

,2&!&& ,44!045 ,102'!004 ,2'!54424 $14!52 &2!005

,11!5& ,10!5$& ,$4!'' ,102!4$'55 $5&!21 ,150!51

&!4 21!22$ ,&5!&4 0!&1451'' $5!$5 ,4'!$0

25!1' 4&!2 ,54!0&& 120!0&5$2 '4!''5 ,524!44

41!$0 5$!'0& ,5'!$'2 24&!0&'5 '1!25 ,&''!&5

5! 5!221 ,$$$!15 5'1!$1452$ $$&!'0 ,'5'!&''

5!0& 25!' ,1524!541 150!5&0 1125!44 ,14&!'24

5!5$ ,22!5'2 ,242'!5$$ 5&'!0202 14$'!155 ,254$!454

41!24' ,2!54' ,14!$1 50&!'$041 1&'!$'' ,45'!211

22!41$ ,&!'$ ,2&5!$$' 12'&&!'4 140$!$0 ,2'!4&

0 0 0 1&01&!&1 0!000 ,$$0!415

,22!$'0 &!4'5 2&5!$$' 12'&&!'4 ,140$!'1& ,2$0!&0

,42!1& 1!52 14!$1 50&!'$041 ,11!00 ,454!''

,54!'2 20!' 242'!5$$ 5&'!0202 ,14'2!''5 ,255'!145

,5'!41 ,2!$55 1524!541 150!5&0 ,114!$$4 ,14'5!4

,55!$$ ,5&!'& $$$!15 5'1!$1452$ ,'05!&'0 ,'$$!&&$

,44!01' ,&!''5 5'!$'2 24&!0&'5 ,$2&!51 ,40!11

,2!5$4 ,5!52$ 54!0&& 120!0&5$2 ,$54!&2 ,5&!554

,$!'2$ ,1!54 &5!&4 0!&1451'' ,'0!4'$ ,412!12'

'!12' ,!5'5 $4!'' ,102!4$'55 ,1001!0' ,21!$4$

24!0& 24!0& 102'!004 ,2'!54424 ,102'!004 0!000

5!12 51!10 12$!040 ,55!02$5 ,1041!01& 2&!40

41!22& &$!45 125!44& ,$1!2&414 ,'$'!540 450!''

42!&5 !$$5 102!41 ,1145!4422 ,'1$!2&' &2!5

; [m] ;

t [m] 9

2[] :

2 []


53/66

40!&12 &5!400 11'1!'$ ,10!50'1 ,$$5!'15 $0$!41'

5!$21 41!251 1022!' ,154!&142 ,'55!54 10&!214

2'!41 0!$'$ $20!' ,1&$!041& ,112!4&0 150!$01

22!22 ,51!&0$ &0&!5' ,1&$'!02$25 ,151$!0'2 2&2'!02$

14!$2 ,'!$' '5!2$4 ,101!$'211 ,1$5!04' 4&04!4&

!5$ ,'1!5'$ 1'2!54 ,1&$!4&41 ,1414!21$ 2!15

0 0 0 ,1&5&!$4$1& 0!000 $$&!'2

,!&' '1!5$ ,1$$!11 ,1&50!55 1412!100 0$!54

,14!$2 '$!$$ ,$!24 ,1&2$!&522 1&!54 45&!$1&

,22!54 52!$ ,5&$!&&1 ,15$!'5' 14''!124 25&!212

,0!1$2 1!0&' ,52!'0& ,150!202$ 11$!24 150!441

,!$4 ,$!5&$ ,'1!55 ,1!24'& '02!'4 '$4!52

,4!4&2 ,&2!1$4 ,1042!1&$ ,11'$!2054 $11!00 22!14

,4!54 ,0!54& ,1101!2 ,'&$!50$2 $1!&1 544!2$

,4$!$'$ ,&5!0& ,10&$!&5 ,02!4525' $&1!15 &&!54

,4&!'0& ,50!10 ,'2!&1$ ,42'!1'444 $$!$05 1&!5

,41!&5 ,2&!&& ,&5$!&5 ,1'0!45551' $4!$1 ,5!544

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