mama grigoli xelnaweris aRwerilobas misi garegnuli mxaris ...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

saqarTvelos istoria

Teimuraz jojua

XII saukunis qarTuli xelnaweri

krebuli (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebi

(istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvleva)

istoriis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori mariam CxartiSvili

Tbilisi

2009

2

s a r C e v i

Sesavali - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

Tavi I. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero

kvlevis istoria, xelnaweris aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri

analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

$1. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero

kvlevis istoria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -10

$2. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4) aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri

analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

Tavi II. garejuli krebulis anderZ-minawerebi, rogorc

saistorio wyaro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85

$1. saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi - - - - - - - 85

$2. moqvis episkoposis luka oZrxelis xuTi minaweri (1363 w.) - - - - 98

$3. artanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis minaweri (XV s.) - - - 116

$4. afxazeTis kaTolikosis barTlomes

minaweri (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -129

$5. gelaTeli monazonis, levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedris, TinaTin-

yofili nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis sami

minaweri (XVIII s-is I nax.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -150

Tavi III. garejul krebulSi (Ven.4) Setanili Txzulebebi, rogorc

saistorio wyaro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -179

$1. dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa

SeCunebaÁ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -179

daskvna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 196

damowmebuli literatura - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 203

3

S e s a v a l i

sakvlevi problemis aqtualoba.

xelnaweri wignebis aSiebze Sesrulebuli anderZ-minawerebi

(kolofonebi) istoriuli wyaroebis erT-erT yvelaze ufro saintereso

saxes warmoadgens. anderZ-minawerebi Sinaarsoblivi TvalsazrisiT,

SeiZleba daiyos memorialuri, iuridiuli da sxva xasiaTis Zeglebad.

anderZ-minawerebs, umravles SemTxvevaSi, axasiaTebs sami ZiriTadi

niSani: 1. raime saxis mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri im xelnawerTan, romlis

aSiazec Sesrulebulia esa Tu is kolofoni; 2. anderZ-minaweris

lakonuri xasiaTi da amiT gamowveuli informaciuli SezRuduloba; da

3. kolofonis avTenturoba anu misi Sesrulebis qronologiuri siaxlove

teqstSi gadmocemul movlenebTan.

CamoTvlili maxasiaTebeli niSnebis gamo anderZ-minawerebi,

marTalia, mokle, magram sando da mravalferovan cnobebs gvawvdian

saqarTvelos saero Tu saeklesio istoriis Sesaxeb.

xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebis teqstebiT qarTveli istorikosebi

jer kidev XIX saukuneSi dainteresdnen. maTgan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis

Rirsia Tedo Jordania, romelmac mis mier gamocemuli `qronikebis~ I-II

tomebSi qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT daalaga saqarTvelos istoriis

mravalricxovani werilobiTi cnobebi. aRniSnul gamocemaSi, romelic

didi xnis manZilze samagido wigns warmoadgenda specialistebisaTvis,

mravali istoriuli movlena da faqti swored xelnawerTa anderZ-

minawerebis daxmarebiT aris gadmocemuli (Jordania 1892; Jordania 1897).

mogvianebiT, XX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan qarTulma istoriografiam

erTgvarad daxvewa anderZ-minawerebis Seswavlisa da publikaciis meTodi.

am periodSi specialistTa Zalisxmeva, ZiriTadad, mimarTuli iyo

romelime konkretuli xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebuli sxvadasxva

kolofonebis erTad Tavmoyrisa da maTi erToblivad gamoqveynebis

mimarTulebiT.

aRniSnuli saqmianobis gaaqtiurebas xeli didad Seuwyo imxanad

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis

koleqciebis akademiuri àRwerilobebis~ Sedgenisa da gamocemis

4

procesma. dadgenili wesis Tanaxmad, àRwerilobaze~ momuSave

specialistebs yovel gamocemul tomSi SehqondaT TiToeuli xelnaweris

arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba, aq warmodgenil TxzulebaTa CamonaTvali da

am xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebuli metnaklebad yvela anderZ-minaweris

teqsti (SaraSiZe 1948; mefariSvili 1949; metreveli 1950 da sxv.).

XX saukunis II naxevarSi xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebis Seswavlisa

da gamocemis saqmem kidev ufro srulyofili saxe miiRo. am periodSi

Seiqmna da gamoqveynda mTeli rigi samecniero naSromebisa, sadac,

warmodgenili iyo aramxolod romelime konkretuli xelnaweris anderZ-

minawerebis teqstebi, aramed am kolofonebisadmi miZRvnili Sesabamisi

istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvlevebic. am rigis publikaciebidan

SegviZlia davasaxeloT valeri silogavas mier gamocemuli `korideTis

sabuTebi~ (silogava 1989), darejan kldiaSvilis mier gamoqveynebuli

`Tislisa da xaxulis xelnawerebis minawerebi~ (kldiaSvili 1986) da sxv.

dasaxelebul gamocemebsa da msgavs samecniero publikaciebze

dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom qarTveli istorikosebis kvlevis sagans,

ZiriTadad, im xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebi warmoadgens, romlebic

saqarTvelos siZveleTsacavebSi inaxeba. erTgvarad gansxvavebuli suraTi

gvaqvs evropis universitetebSi, biblioTekebSi, muzeumebsa Tu

samonastro centrebSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT,

romelTa anderZ-minawerebic, dRemde ar aris safuZvlianad Seswavleli.

am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia avstriis (venis)

nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi xuTi uZvirfasesi qarTuli xelnaweri

wigni, romelTa anderZ-minawerebic aqamde arasodes gamxdara istoriul-

wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis sagani (Tu, rasakvirvelia, aseTad ar

CavTvliT grigol feraZis kodikologiuri xasiaTis naSroms, romelzec

qvemoT vrclad gveqneba saubari).

mokled davaxasiaTebT am xelnawerebs:

#1 qarTuli xelnaweri, igive Ven.1. warmoadgens mcire zomis

etratis oTxTavs da daTariRebulia X-XI saukuneebiT. xelnaweris

aSiebze Sesrulebulia sxvadasxva periodis aTeulobiT anderZ-minaweris

(kolofonis) teqsti (feraZe 1940: 223; feraZe 2004: 161; jojua 2005;

imnaiSvili 2008: 11).

5

#2 xelnaweri, igive Ven.2. warmoadgens palimfsests. misi qveda Sre

Seicavs wm. kviprianesa da wm. iustinas, agreTve, wm. qristinas `wamebaTa~

xanmet teqstebs da tariRdeba V saukunis I naxevriT. palimfsestis zeda

teqsti warmoadgens maisis `TTvens~ da daTariRebulia XIII-XIV

saukuneebiT (feraZe 1940: 223-224; feraZe 2004: 161-162; qajaia 1981; qajaia

2001; qajaia 2006; imnaiSvili 2008: 11).

#3 xelnaweri, igive Ven.3. es aris saxelovani qarTveli mwignobris

ioane xaxulelis mier gadawerili Tebervlis `TTveni~. xelnaweri

TariRdeba X-XI saukuneebiT (feraZe 1940: 225-226; feraZe 2004: 162-164;

imnaiSvili 2008: 11).

#4 xelnaweri, igive Ven.4. warmoadgens sakmaod didi zomis krebuls

da gadawerilia 1160 wels, garejis mravalmTaSi, SesaniSnavi kaligrafis

nikoloz nikrais mier. krebulis aSiebze daculia garejis mravalmTasa

da wmida miwaze myofi sxvadasxva pirebis mier Sesrulebili XII-XIX

saukuneebis asze meti anderZ-minaweris teqsti.

#5 xelnaweri, igive Ven.5. es aris momcro tanis oTxTavi, romelic

gadawerilia XII-XIII saukuneebSi. xelnawers axlavs mdidrulad Semkuli

vercxlis yda, romelic Sua saukuneebis qarTuli Wedurobis brwyinvale

nimuSs warmoadgens (qajaia 1975: 294; imnaiSvili 2008: 12)1.

venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebis koleqciidan

istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT saintereso

nusxas warmoadgens 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli anu Ven.4, romlis

aSiebzec, rogorc ukve vTqviT zemoT, daculia garejis mravalmTasa da

wmida miwaze myofi sxvadasxva pirebis mier Sesrulebili XII-XIX

saukuneebis asze meti kolofonis teqsti. aRniSnuli xelnaweri da misi

anderZ-minawerebi yuradRebas ori ZiriTadi mizezis gamo ipyrobs:

1 amJamad saqarTveloSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis xuTive qarTuli xelnaweris Sav-TeTri fotopiri mogvepoveba. fotopirebi xelnawerTa erovnuli centris fotopirebis koleqciaSia daculi: Ven.1 _ RT XXV-1; Ven.2 _ RT XXV-5; Ven.3 _ RT XXV-2, I-II; Ven.4 _ RT XXV-3, I-II; Ven.5 _ RT XXV-4. dasaxelebuli xelnawerebidan, Ven.1-is, Ven.3-is, Ven.4-isa da Ven.5-s fotopirebi damzadebulia im mikrofirebis saSualebiT, romlebic 1970-iani wlebis dasawyisSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekidan Camoitana da xelnawerTa instituts gadasca akademikosma giorgi wereTelma (qajaia 1975: 294). maTgan gansxvavebiT, mexuTe xelnaweris _ Ven.2-is fotopiri odnav ufro adre moipova xelnawerTa institutis mecnier-TanamSromelma lamara qajaiam (qajaia 2006: 37; Sdr.: qajaia 1975: 294).

6

1. Ven.4 warmoadgens garejis samonastro skriptoriumidan gamosul

CvenTvis cnobil uZveles xelnawer wigns. Sesabamisad, mis Sedgenilobasa

Tu calkeul teqstebze dakvirvebas SeuZlia, garkveuli warmodgena

Segviqmnas XII saukunis garejeli mamebis samonastro yofis, adgilobriv

monastrebSi mimdinare samwignobre procesebisa da zogadad, qveyanaSi

arsebuli saeklesio-kulturuli viTarebis Sesaxeb.

2. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs garejuli krebulis aSiebze

Sesrulebuli XII-XIX saukuneebis aTeulobiT anderZ-minaweris teqstic.

am kolofnebze zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki cxadyofs, rom maT teqstebSi

daculia umdidresi da praqtikulad, ucnobi wyaroTmcodneobiTi masala

garejis mravalmTis, ierusalimis qarTuli koloniisa da zogadad,

saqarTvelos istoriis mravali sadavo Tu bundovani problemis Sesaxeb.

vfiqrobT, yovelive zemoTqmulidan naTlad Cans, Tu raoden

mniSvnelovan da saWiro saqmes warmoadgens venis nacionaluri

biblioTekis #4 xelnaweris aSiebze daculi anderZ-minawerebis erTad

Tavmoyra, maTi gegmazomieri Seswavla da bolos, iseTi samecniero

naSromis Sedgena-gamocema, sadac, erTis mxriv, warmodgenili iqneba

garejuli krebulis kolofonebis teqstebi, xolo, meore mxriv, am

anderZ-minawerebisadmi miZRvnili istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi

gamokvleva.

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi.

winamdebare naSromze muSaobisas Cveni umTavresi mizania, istoriul-

wyaroTmcodneobiTi kuTxiT SeviswavloT da samecniero sazogadoebas

gavacnoT Ven.4-is is anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs,

warmovaCinoT qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis aqamde srulebiT ucnobi

faqtebi da movlenebi, davazustoT an axleburad gavaSuqoT specialur

literaturaSi myarad damkvidrebuli debulebebi, damatebiTi

argumentebiT SevamagroT sxva mkvlevarTa mier gamoTqmuli calkeuli

mosazrebebi da sxv.

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad, saWirod migvaCnia, gadavWraT sami

ZiriTadi amocana:

7

1. akademiuri saxiT davadginoT, saTanado samecniero-teqnikuri

aparatiT aRvWurvoT da samecniero sazogadoebas mivawodoT sakvlevad

SerCeuli TiToeuli anderZ-minaweris teqsti.

2. gavaanalizoT sakvlevad SerCeul anderZ-minawerebSi daculi

sxvadasxva saxis cnobebi da miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze, movaxdinoT

Sesabamisi istoriuli suraTis rekonstruqcia.

3. SeZlebisdagvarad srulad SeviswavloT sakvlevad SerCeuli

kolofonebis struqtura da Teoriuli ganzogadebis mizniT, movaxdinoT

maTi tipologiuri klasificireba.

mosalodneli samecniero siaxle.

Tu winamdebare naSromis farglebSi warmatebiT movaxerxebT

dasaxuli amocanebis gadaWras, maSin samecniero siaxlis gamovlena

mosalodneli iqneba Semdegi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebiT: Ven.4-is

gadamweris mier gadanusxuli sxva xelnawerebis mikvleva, romelTa

warmomavlobac aqamde ar iyo dadgenili; qarTul-somxuri saeklesio

urTierTobebis erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxis garkveva garejul krebulSi

Setanili ucnobi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis daxmarebiT; Ven.4--s

aSiebze daculi XII-XIX saukuneebis ocamde ucnobi an naklebad cnobili

anderZ-minaweris teqstis Semotana samecniero mimoqcevaSi; saqarTvelos

mefis giorgi III-is zeobis qronologiis koreqtireba garejuli krebulis

anderZze dayrdnobiT; Ven.4-is kolofonebSi moxseniebuli ucnobi an

naklebad cnobili TxuTmetamde qarTveli piligrimis biografiuli

portretebis rekonstruireba; garejuli krebulis minawerebSi

moxseniebuli ucnobi qarTveli saeklesio ierarqebis CarTva Sesabamis

mRvdelmTvarTa qronologiur rigebSi; afxazeTis sakaTolikoso

rezidenciis biWvinTidan xobis monasterSi gadatanis aqamde ucnob

procesze dakvirveba Ven.4-is minawerze dayrdnobiT da sxv.

naSromis struqtura.

winamdebare naSromis struqtura agebulia sakvlevi sakiTxebis

TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

8

naSromis I Tavi Sedgeba ori paragrafisagan. aqedan, pirvel

paragrafSi dawvrilebiT aris mimoxiluli garejuli krebulisa da misi

anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis asormocdaaTwliani istoria. aq

SeZlebisdagvarad sruladaa daxasiaTebuli da Sefasebuli sxvadasxva

mkvlevarTa mier am mimarTulebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaoebi. aqvea

warmodgenili Cvens mier Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwerilobac.

naSromis I Tavis meore paragrafi eTmoba Ven.4-is detalur

aRwerilobasa da mis kodikologiur analizs. aq, pirvel rigSi,

daxasiaTebulia garejuli krebulis teqnikuri parametrebi da

moyvanilia Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi warmodgenili Txzulebebis

CamonaTvali, vrceli komentarebiTurT. amave paragrafSi dawvrilebiT

aris Seswavlili garejuli krebulis gadaweris drosTan da adgilTan,

agreTve, gadamweris vinaobasa da mis samwignobre saqmianobasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. garda amisa, ganxilul paragrafSi garejuli

krebulis minawerebidan sagangebod aris gamoyofili XV-XIX saukuneebis

ramdenime kolofoni da maTze dayrdnobiT, gansazRvrulia Ven.4-is wmida

miwaze gadatanis zeda qronologiuri zRvari. aqve SeZlebisdagvarad

srulad aris rekonstruirebuli xsenebul minawerebSi moxseniebul

pirTa biografiuli portretebic.

naSromis II Tavi dayofilia xuT paragrafad da TiToeuli es

paragrafi eTmoba garejuli krebulis anderZ-minawerebidan gamoyofili

kolofonebis TiTo jgufs. aqedan, pirvel paragrafSi warmodgenilia

Ven.4-is anderZis teqsti da masze dayrdnobiT, dazustebulia

saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi.

rac Seexeba II Tavis momdevno oTx paragrafs ($2, $3, $4 da $5), aq

warmodgenilia samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis, praqtikulad, ucnobi oTxi

piligrimis mier XIV-XVIII saukuneebSi Sesrulebuli aTi kolofoni da

maTi Seswavlis Sedegebi. am oTxi paragrafis struqtura TiTqmis

identuria: paragrafSi Tavdapirvelad motanilia kolofonebis

arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba, maTi teqsti, dednis Sriftis dacviT da am

teqstis Cveneuli wakiTxva; amas mosdevs paragrafis ZiriTadi nawili,

sadac zedmiwevniT srulad aris Seswavlili minawerebSi daculi

9

cnobebi da miRebuli daskvnebis safuZvelze rekonstruirebulia

Sesabamisi istoriuli suraTi.

aqve, xazgasmiT SevniSnavT im faqts, rom winamdebare naSromSi, am

ukanasknelis SezRuduli moculobis gamo, garejuli krebulis asze meti

anderZ-minaweridan gamoyofili da Seswavlilia mxolod ocamde

kolofonis teqsti. amasTan, sakvlevad SerCeulia konkretulad is

anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, aucilebel cnobebs gvawvdian

Ven.4-is kodikologiuri SeswavlisaTvis, xolo, meore mxriv, gvTavazoben

uZvirfases cnobebs samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis aqamde ucnobi an

naklebad cnobili movlebisa Tu faqtebis Sesaxeb. dasasrul, SevniSnavT

imasac, rom samomavlod dagegmili gvaqvs winamdebare naSromSi

warmodgenili kvleva-Ziebis gagrZeleba da iseTi samecniero monografiis

Seqmna, sadac analogiuri sisruliT iqneba Seswavlili garejuli

krebulis aSiebze Sesrulebuli uklebliv yvela anderZ-minaweris teqsti.

davubrundeT winamdebare naSromis struqturas. am ukanasknelis III

Tavi Seicavs erTaderT paragrafs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, uWiravs Ven.4-is

SedgenilobaSi warmodgenil erT-erT Txzulebas, samecniero

sazogadoebisaTvis srulebiT ucnob dogmatikur-polemikur traqtats,

saxelwodebiT `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCunebaÁ~. marTalia, aRniSnuli

traqtati wmindad sasuliero xasiaTis Txzulebaa, magram misi teqsti

saSualebas gvaZlevs, sabolood gavarkvioT garejis samonastro Zmobisa

da monofiziti somexi momlocvelebis urTierTobebis erTi konkretuli

sakiTxi, romelic aqamde sadavod iyo qceuli qarTvel da somex

mecnierebs Soris. ganxiluli paragrafis dasawyisSi dawvrilebiT aris

daxasiaTebuli traqtatis struqtura da Sinaarsoblivi mxare. amas

mosdevs Tavad traqtatis teqsti, romelsac darTuli aqvs

mravalricxovani komentarebi.

winamdebare naSromis daskvnas erTgvarad Semajamebeli xasiaTi aqvs.

aq srulad aris reziumirebulia yvela is ZiriTadi Sedegi, romelic

zemoT aRwerili samecniero kvleva-Ziebis safuZvelzea miRebuli. naSroms

asrulebs damowmebuli literaturis CamonaTvali.

10

Tavi I. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi

anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis istoria,

xelnaweris aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri analizi

$1. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi

anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis istoria

Ven.4-isa da misi anderZ-minawerebis (kolofonebis) samecniero

Seswavlis saqmes TiTqmis as ormocdaaT welze meti xnis istoria aqvs.

am process safuZveli Cauyara XIX saukuneSi moRvawe qarTvelma

leqsikografma da siZveleTmcodnem niko CubinaSvilma (1788-1845 ww.). man

1845 wlis maisSi, wmida miwaze mogzaurobis dros, sakuTari TvaliT

moixila da mokled aRwera ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris

wignTsacavSi daculi Teqvsmeti qarTuli xelnaweri (cagareli 1894: 44,

47-52), maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso garejuli krebulic. es

ukanaskneli mkvlevris mier Sedgenil katalogSi meaTe nomriTaa

aRniSnuli.

Tavad katalogi orgzis aris gamoqveynebuli: pirvelad _ 1889 wels,

gazeT ìveriis~ 70-e, 72-e da 73-e nomrebSi, cnobili sazogado moRvawisa

da pedagogis aristo quTaTeliZis mier, mcired Semoklebuli saxiT

(quTaTelaZe 1889), xolo meored _ 1894 wels, qarTveli filologosisa

da istorikosis, profesor aleqsandre cagarelis avtorobiT dabeWdili

rusulenovani krebulis `Сведенiя о памятникахъ грузинской письменности~-s

pirveli tomis mesame nakveTSi, sruli saxiT (cagareli 1894: 44-52).

niko CubinaSvilis katalogSi vkiTxulobT: `j(var)is monastersa

S(in)a SenaxulTa wignTaT(vi)s. ros SevediT ekklesiasa taZrisasa, sadac

ars biblioteka anu wignTsacavi, mas S(in)a mdebareben wignni. 1.

laTinurni, 2. arabulni da 3. qarTulni, romelnic arian dawerilni

xucurad zogni etratzed da zogni sqels qaRaldzed, ricxviT iqmneba

vidre orasamdin, rogorc davsTvaleT ficris Taroebzed. romelnime

maTganni daSlilan da visac k(vala)d Seukrevinebia, an ganuaxlebia,

maTni saxelni zed awerian; magram k(vala)dca arian daSlilni da

Wiisagan SeWmulni. am wignebidam gavsinjeT vidre 30 m-dan da raca

11

maTSina vnaxeT Rirssaxsovari, gamovswereT esseT: ... 10. metafrasi,

romlisa zanduki ars: SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa, qmnili anastasi

monazonisa; cxovreba SiSvel marTalTa da w(mid)isa mamisa zosimesi.

`qeba qebaTa~ iambikonad Tqmuli. ese wigni ars Tormet nawilad. Seikazma

wigni ese q(oroni)k(on)s snÀ, 258-1570 w.~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)

(cagareli 1894: 47, 50. Sdr.: quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3)2.

rogorc vxedavT, 1845 wels Sedgenil katalogSi garejuli krebuli

da misi anderZ-minawerebi erTob Zunwad aris aRwerili. savaraudod,

swored es faqti gaxda mizezi imisa, rom Semdgomi drois mkvlevrebma

sakmaod didi xnis manZilze ver SeZles niko CubinaSvilis mier

ierusalimis jvris monasterSi aRwerili #10 da venis nacionalur

biblioTekaSi daculi #4 xelnawerebis erTimeoresTan gaigiveba (menabde

1980: 1-31, 135-139)3. arada, am xelnawerTa identificireba sulac ar aris

Zneli saqme.

marTlac, niko CubinaSvilis katalogidan CvenTvis cnobilia eqvsi

ZiriTadi niSani, romelic axasiaTebs jvris monastris #10 xelnawers:

1. igi Sedgeba `Tormeti nawilis~ anu Tormeti sxvadasxva teqstisagan;

2. xelnawers darTuli aqvs `zanduki~; 3. `zandukSi~ erT-erTi teqsti

miTiTebulia Semdegi saxiT: `SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa, qmnili anastasi

monazonisa“; 4. kidev erTi teqsti saxeldebulia rogorc: `cxovreba

SiSvel marTalTa da w(mid)isa mamisa zosimesi“; 5. `zandukSi~

dasaTaurebulia mesame teqstic: `qeba qebaTa~, iambikonad Tqmuli~;

6. xelnaweris erT-erT furcelze miTiTebulia misi Sekazmvis TariRi _

qronikoni snÀ anu 1570 weli: `Seikazma wigni ese q(oroni)k(on)s snÀ~

(cagareli 1894: 50).

2 #10 xelnaweris aRweriloba sagrZnoblad gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili katalogis aristo quTaTelaZiseul gamocemaSi: `10. metafrasi romlisa zanduki ars SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa Tqmuli anastasi monazonisa. cxovreba SiSvel marTalTa da wmindisa mamisa zosimesi qeba-qebaTa iambikonad Tqmuli. ese wigni ars Tormet nawilad. Seikazma wigni ese qoronikons. snÀ 258-1586~ (quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3).

3 sagulisxmoa, rom profesorma levan menabdem, romelic sagangebod ikvlevda ierusalimis jvris monastris qarTuli xelnawerebis Tavgadasavals XIX-XX saukuneebSi, garejuli krebulisagan gansxvavebiT, savsebiT sworad gansazRvra venis nacionaluri biblioTekis erT-erTi sxva xelnaweris _ maisis Tvenis (Ven.2) nomeri niko CubinaSviliseul katalogSi (#5) (menabde 1980: 135. Sdr.: cagareli 1894: 48; feraZe 2004: 160-162).

12

CamoTvlili eqvsi niSnidan uklebliv yvela axasiaTebs venis

nacionaluri biblioTekis #4 xelnawers: 1. garejul krebulSi

warmodgenilia Tormeti sxvadasxva teqsti; 2. xelnawers dasawyisSi

darTuli aqvs saZiebeli: `zanduki ama wignisa~; 3. zandukSi pirvelive

teqsti saxeldebulia rogorc: `SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTasa, Tqmuli

anastasi monazonisa~; 4. amave zandukSi rigiT meeqvse teqsti miTiTebulia

Semdegi saTauriT: `cxorebaÁ SiSvel-marTalTa~. aRniSnuli saTauri

sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili xelnaweris ZiriTad

teqstSi: `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT SiSuel-marTalTaÁ da

wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~; 5. zandukisave mixedviT, rigiT mecxre teqstis

saxelwodebaa: `qebaÁ qebaÁTa, iambikonad Tqmuli~; 6. garejuli krebulis

305r-ze dawerilia xelnaweris ganmaaxleblis mTavarepiskopos vlase

urbnelis vrceli minaweri, romlis bolo fragmentic Semdegi saxiT

ikiTxeba: `SeikazmaÁ wmidaÁ ese wigni qronikonsa snÀE(1570 w.)~.

amrigad, Cvens mier gamoyofil saxasiaTo niSnebSi imdenad didi

Tanxvedra gvaqvs, rom, vfiqrobT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas _ niko

CubinaSvilis mier 1845 wels aRwerili ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa

monastris #10 xelnaweri anu `metafrasi~ da dReisaTvis venis

nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi garejuli krebuli `sanatreli~

erTsa da imave xelnawers warmoadgens (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 104, 129).

Ven.4-is niko CubinaSviliseuli aRwerilobis 1889 da 1894 wlebis

gamocemebi, pirvel rigSi, sayuradReboa rogorc qronologiurad

yvelaze ufro adreuli periodis publikaciebi, sadac samecniero kuTxiT

aris daxasiaTebuli garejuli krebuli da misi kolofonebi:

warmodgenilia xelnaweris Sedgeniloba, miTiTebulia ramdenime teqstis

saTauri, citirebulia erT-erTi minaweris fragmenti da a. S.

meores mxriv, am aRwerilobas mTeli rigi naklovanebebic axlavs:

krebulis Sedgeniloba metad arasrulad aris daxasiaTebuli: Tormeti

teqstidan mxolod samis saTauria miTiTebuli; Tavad miTiTebuli

teqstebis saTaurebi erTi saerTo principiT ar aris moyvanili _ zogi

maTgani `zandukidanaa~ aRebuli, zogic uSualod teqstidan; xelnaweris

mravalricxovani kolofonebidan ratomRac mxolod erTi, 1570 wlis

13

minaweria gamoyofili; imavdroulad, araferia naTqvami Ven.4-is

gadamweris 1160 wlis anderZis Taobaze da sxv.

niko CubinaSvilis mier sakuTari katalogisTvis SerCeuli ZiriTadi

saxelmZRvanelo principebi sanaxevrodac ver pasuxobs xelnaweris

akademiuri aRwerilobis Tanamedrove normebsa da moTxovnebs.

niko CubinaSvilis mier ierusalimis jvris monastris qarTul

xelnawerTa katalogis Sedgenidan TiTqmis erTi saukunis Semdeg, 1940

wels qalaq venaSi gamomavali avstriuli samecniero Jurnalis `Wiener

Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes~ XLVII tomSi germanul enaze

gamoqveynda emigraciaSi moRvawe qarTveli mecnieris, parizis wm. ninos

qarTuli eklesiis winamZRvris, arqimandrit grigol feraZis werili,

saxelwodebiT `Über die georgischen Handschriften in Österreich~ (`qarTuli

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~) (feraZe 1940)4.

am statiis dabeWdvidan naxevar saukuneze meti xnis Semdeg, 2004

wels TbilisSi, almanax `mwignobarSi~ gamoqveynda grigol feraZis

dasaxelebuli naSromis sruli qarTuli Targmani komentarebiTurT.

teqsti germanulidan Targmna cisia kilaZem, Targmanis redaqtoroba

itvirTa dimitri TumaniSvilma, xolo statias komentarebi Cven davurTeT

(feraZe 2004).

vidre dasaxelebuli werilis ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, xazgasmiT

aRvniSnavT im faqts, rom winamdebare naSromSi grigol feraZis mier

gamoTqmuli sxvadasxva mosazrebebi, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, motanili

gvaqvs ara uSualod 1940 wlis germanulenovani publikaciidan anu

germanul enaze, aramed misi qarTuli Targmanidan, Sesabamisad, qarTul

enaze. amasTan, yvela aseT SemTxvevaSi, 2004 wlis qarTuli gamocemis

gverdiT, vuTiTebT germanulenovani publikaciis Sesabamis gverdebsac.

aqve, SevniSnavT imasac, rom 1940 wlis publikaciaSi mravlad

gvxvdeba garejuli krebulis calkeuli Txzulebebidan da anderZ-

minawerebidan citirebuli teqstebi, romlebic grigol feraZes statiaSi

4 am venuri Jurnalis bibliografiul iSviaTobad qceuli XLVII tomis moZiebaSi didi daxmareba gagviwies aw gardacvlilma mecnierma, profesorma levan menabdem, Cvenma maswavlebelma, filologosma Tamaz jologuam da istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis biblioTekis TanamSromelma cisana zukakiSvilma, risTvisac uRrmes madlobas movaxsenebT maT.

14

germanuli Targmanis saxiT aqvs Setanili. winamdebare naSromSi

mizanSeuwonlad miviCnieT am teqstebis isev qarTulad gadmoTargmna da

isini dednis Sesabamisi adgilebis Cveneuli wakiTxvebiT CavanacvleT.

amasTan, raime aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, yvela aseTi SemTxveva

mivuTiTeT sqolioSi.

davubrundeT sakuTriv publikacias. grigol feraZis werilis

saTauridan gamomdinare, SeiZleba, Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom avtors

statiaSi Seswavlili hqonda avstriis sxvadasxva siZveleTsacavebSi

daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi. sinamdvileSi, publikacia Seexeba,

ZiriTadad, venis nacionaluri biblioTekis anu yofili avstria-ungreTis

saimperatoro karis biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa koleqcias da

realurad, warmoadgens 1940 wlisaTvis am biblioTekaSi daculi oTxi

qarTuli xelnaweri wignis mecnierul katalogs (feraZe 1940: Sdr.:

feraZe 2004).

rogorc gansaxilav statiaze dakvirveba aCvenebs, biblioTekis

kuTvnili oTxi qarTuli wignidan grigol feraZem gansakuTrebuli

yuradRebiT Seiswavla #4 xelnaweri anu CvenTvis saintereso garejuli

krebuli da sakuTari statiis didi nawilic swored am xelnawerTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebs dauTmo (feraZe 1940: 219-222, 226-232; Sdr.: feraZe

2004: 160-161, 164-170, 172-173).

grigol feraZis publikaciis ZiriTad nawils anu katalogs win uZRvis

erTgvari Sesavali teqsti. statiis am nawilSi avtori sagangebod exeba

garejuli krebulis raobas da gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom Ven.4

patristikuli xelnaweria: `#4 mTlianad patristikuli xasiaTis xelna-

weria, romlis msgavsi, qarTuli xelnawerebiT mdidar Tbilisis siZveleTa

muzeumSic ki bevri rodia~ (feraZe 2004: 160. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 220)5.

aRniSnuli mosazrebis gamoTqmis Semdeg grigol feraZe iqve,

sqolioSi ganmartavs, Tu konkretulad ras gulisxmobs terminSi

`patristikuli xelnaweri~. mkvlevris TqmiT, àmgvar patristikul

xelnawerebs qarTveli mecnierebi mravalTavs (daaxl. )

5 aq avtors, savaraudod, mxedvelobaSi aqvs amJamindeli saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis simon janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumi, romelic, werilis gamoqveynebis Jams anu 1940 wels, saqarTvelos muzeumad iwodeboda da qarTul xelnawerTa umdidres koleqciebs flobda.

15

uwodeben. CemTvis mxolod Svidi aseTi xelnaweria cnobili: 1. e. w.

svanuri xelnaweri; X saukune; Tbilisis saeklesio muzeumis xelnaweri

#19; Seicavs 73 Txzulebas da dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili sergi

gorgaZis mier, `saqarTvelos arqivi~, III (tf., 1927); 2. parxlisa; Tbilisis

saeklesio muzeumis xelnaweri #95; X saukune; moicavs 151 Tavs. am

xelnaweris originaluri qarTuli Txzulebebi aRwerilia mose

janaSvilis mier, ìveria~, #267 (tf., 1897). Tbilisis saeklesio muzeumis

xelnawerebi amJamad Tbilisis siZveleTa muzeumSia; 3. aTonis iverTa

monastris xelnaweri #57 (a. cagarelis mixedviT); X saukune; Seicavs 61

Txzulebas; dawvrilebiT aRwerilia niko maris mier, `Агiографическiя

матерiалы по грузинскимъ рукописямъ Ивера~, I-II (Спб., 1900), II (Спб., 1901); 4.

bodlis xelnaweri oqsfordSi; gadawerilia 1038-1040 wlebSi; Seicavs 50

Txzulebas; safuZvlianad aris aRwerili paul peetersis mier, De codice

hiberico, biblioth. Bodleianae Oxoniensis, Ànalecta Bollandiana~, XXXI (Bruxelles), 301-

318; 5. jvris monastris patristikuli xelnaweri; 1034-1042 wlebi; amJamad

britaneTis muzeumis sakuTreba _ #Add.11281-2764; Seicavs 12 Txzulebas;

aRwerilia ser oliver uordropis mier, `Katologue of Georgian Manuscripts~,

397-405 (London. SA., samwuxarod, TariRisa da TxzulebaTa saTaurebis

miTiTebis gareSea). 6. sinas monastris xelnaweri #83; 864 weli;

arasakmarisad aris aRwerili a. cagarelis mier, Памятники грузинской

старины въ Святой земле и на Синае, `Православный Палестинскiй сборникъ~ (Спб.,

1888), IV, 1, 234-235; 7. berZnuli sapatriarqos xelnawerebi ierusalimSi #2

da #3 (orive saerTo warmomavlobisaa); Seicavs 28 Tavs; aRwerilia niko

maris mier, `Житiе св. Григорiя Хандзтiйскаго~, (Спб., 1911), XXXVIII-XLI. venis #4

xelnaweri am xelnawerebTan aris axlos. isini Seicaven patristikuli da

hagiografiuli literaturis ramdenime dakargul Zegls. zogierTi am

teqstTagan ukve gamocemulia n. marisa da k. kekeliZis mier, mravali

maTgani ki mkvlevars elodeba. samomavlod, mniSvnelovani amocana iqneba

yvela am xelnaweris dawvrilebiT aRwera da maTi urTierTmimarTebis

Seswavla~ (feraZe 2004: 170. Sdr.: berJe 1868: 220-221).

statiis Sesavali teqstis bolos grigol feraZe ramdenime

winadadebiT exeba garejuli krebulisa da venis nacionaluri bib-

lioTekis kidev ori qarTuli xelnaweris avstriaSi moxvedris mizezebs:

16

`...venis xelnawerebi ierusalimis jvris monasterSi iyo daculi. #2 da

#3 xelnawerebi prof. aleqsandre cagarelis 1888 wlis aRwerilobiT

aris cnobili. am droisaTvis xelnawerebi jer kidev monasterSi

inaxeboda. #4 aseve jvris monasters ekuTvnoda, magram a. cagarels is

adgilze aRar daxvedria. xelnaweri mTavardiakvan (mogvianebiT ki

mTavareposkopos) kleopas sakuTreba gamxdara. am ukanasknelis

gardacvalebis Semdeg ki mis memkvidreebs igi aleqsandriaSi gauyidiaT.

avstriis erovnuli biblioTekis gamgeobam es sami xelnaweri 1931 wels

aleqsandriaSi, vinme antikvarisagan SeiZina. gamgeobam xelnawerebi

sanimuSod aRadgina da akinZa~ (feraZe 2004: 161. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 222).

grigol feraZis naSromSi Sesavali teqstis Semdeg warmodgenilia pub-

likaciis ZiriTadi nawili _ venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xel-

nawerTa katalogi, sadac danarCen sam wignTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT ufro

srulyofilad aris aRwerili CvenTvis saintereso garejuli krebuli.

Ven.4-is aRwerilobis dasawyisSi mkvlevari mokled axasiaTebs

xelnaweris teqnikur parametrebs: `qaRaldi; 305 furceli; or svetad;

furclebi _ 30 X 24; teqsti _ 20,7 X 15; TiToeuli sveti _ 16,4 X 6; 17

muxli; nusxaxucuri~ (feraZe 2004: 164. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 226).

garejuli krebulis teqnikuri parametrebis daxasiaTebis Semdeg

grigol feraZe sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganixilavs xelnawerTan

dakavSirebul kodikologiur sakiTxebs da am mizniT, Ven.4-is anderZ-

minawerebidan sagangebod gamoyofs ramdenime kolofonis teqsts:

`xelnaweris warmomavlobas gvamcnobs 304v-ze teqstis xeliTve,

wiTeli feris melniT, nusxaxucuriT Sesrulebuli saintereso anderZi:

`saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sanatreli [sanatreli].

daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa [n(i)k(olo)z

nikraÁsaÁTa], sanaxebsa wmidisa mamisa daviTissa, garesjas, kedelsa (?),

romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ [sanaxebsa w(mid)isa mamisa daviTissa.

garesjas, kedvisa, r(ome)lsa ewodebis soflad berTaÁ], qronikonsa tp

(1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa mefobisa misisasa g

(3). daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ

qristÀsa, romlisaÁ ars didebaÁ ukuniTi ukunisadmde, amen da Sav nikrasa

17

[da Sav nikrasa) SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ, amen. didebaÁ RmerTsa

srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen. meufeo, guakurTxen~6.

xelnaweri 1160 welsaa gadawerili. 1570 wels igi mTavarepiskopos

vlases aukinZavs da aRudgenia. amis Sesaxeb 305r-ze misive xeliT, Savi

feris melniT, nusxaxucuriT dawerili anderZi gvamcnobs:

`didebaÁ RmerTsa srulmyofelsa yovlisa keTilisasa. Rirs viqmen me,

urbnel mTavarebiskoposi vlasi, Sekazmad wmidisa amis wignisa

`sanatrelisa~ [sanatreli], rameTu JamTa sigrZisagan ganryunil da uÃmar

qmniliyo da Cuen axlad, brZanebiTa da jerCinebiTa mamisa Cuenisa,

tfilel mTavarebiskoposisa barnabaÁsiTa, Ãelvyav Sekazmad salocvelad

codvilisa sulisa Cemisa da codvaTa CemTa Sesandobelad da yovelTa

CuenTa TÂsTa da naTesavTa micvalebulTa Sesandobelad da aw, gevedrebi

yovelTa, romelnica ikiTxÂdiT wmidasa amas wignsa, raÁTa Ãsenebul

viqmnebodeT wmidaTa Sina locuaTa TquenTa, raÁTa Tquenca moiRoT

sasyideli uxuvad mimniWeblisa mis yovelTa RmrTisagan da erTobiT

Rirs viqmnneT sasufevelsa caTasa, amen. locua yavT mamisa barnabasaTÂs

da Cuen sulierTa ZmaTaTÂs da Cem, codvilisa vlasesaTÂs, romelman

wmidaÁ ese wigni Sevhkazme. mravali Wiri vixile, oÂfalman uwyis. Seikazma

wmidaÁ ese wigni qronikonsa snÀE[snÀ] (1570 w.)~7.

rogorc anderZi cxadyofs, SesaZloa, xelnaweri am TariRebs Soris

(e. i. 1160 wlis Semdeg) garejis monastridan palestinaSi vinme ucnobma ber-

ma waiRo, sadac igi ierusalimis axlos mdebare jvris monastris biblio-

TekaSi Seinaxes. xsenebuli mTavarepiskoposebi 1570-1572 wlebSi am monasterSi

cxovrobdnen da Zveli xelnawerebis ganaxleba-akinZvisaTvis iRwvodnen.

6 anderZis teqstis wakiTxva Cvenia. rac Seexeba dakuTxul frCxilebSi Casmul, dauxrel, xazgasmul fragmentebs, isini grigol feraZis 1940 wlis publikaciidan gvaqvs amoRebuli. aq es fragmentebi zustad citirebuli saxiT, qarTuli mxedruli SriftiT aris CarTuli anderZis germanuli Targmanis teqstSi. xsenebul fargmentebSi qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia.

7 minaweris teqstis wakiTxva Cvenia. rac Seexeba kuTxovan frCxilebSi Casmul, dauxrel, xazgasmul fragmentebs, isini grigol feraZis 1940 wlis publikaciidan gvaqvs amoRe-buli. aq es fragmentebi zustad citirebuli saxiT, qarTuli mxedruli SriftiT aris CarTuli minaweris germanuli Targmanis teqstSi. amave minawers darTuli aqvs sqoli-oSi Catanili avtoriseuli SeniSvna: `mTavarepiskoposis mier (albaT, didi raodeno-biT) aRdgenili wignebidan sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi dReisaTvis mxolod samia daculi _ #77, #141 da #145 (ix.: a. cagareli, dasax. naSr., 64, 169, 182, 188)~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 227).

18

1864 wels xelnaweri kvlav iqve imyofeboda da ganaxlebul iqna

besarion qiotiSvilis mier (CyÁd wels mxedruliT Sesrulebuli

minaweri 8r-ze).

1864 wlis Semdeg (1883 wlamde) xelnaweri jvris monastris

biblioTekidan gaitanes. 1883 wels ruseTis saimperatoro palestinuri

sazogadoebis davalebiT, prof. a. cagarelma Seiswavla jvris monastris

qarTuli xelnawerebi, magram es xelnaweri katalogSi ar Seutania.

rogorc berZnuli anderZi (303r, PIIC) cxadyofs,

es xelnaweri mTavardiakvan kleopas pirad biblioTekaSi inaxeboda,

romelic mogvianebiT nazareTis episkoposi gaxda8. mTavarepiskoposis

gardacvalebis Semdeg xelnaweri, rogorc Cans, misma memkvidreebma

mihyides vinme antikvars aleqsandriaSi, sadac igi 1931 wels venis

erovnulma biblioTekam SeiZina. imave wels xelnaweri Tavidan aikinZa da

sanimuSod iqna restavrirebuli venis erovnuli biblioTekis gamgeobis

mier~ (feraZe 2004: 164-165. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 226-227).

Ven.4-is kodikologiuri sakiTxebis mimoxilvis Semdeg grigol

feraZem saTiTaod CamoTvlis xelnaweris aSiebze dacul grafikul

gamosaxulebebs: `xelnawerSi gvxvdeba ramdenime grafikuli Canaxati: 43r,

68r, 179r da 260r _ RmrTismSoblis gamosaxuleba; 33r _ macxovris

gamosaxuleba; 71r, 129r da 192v _ wmida giorgis gamosaxuleba; 94r _

ucnobi wmidanis gamosaxuleba; agreTve, 56r da 105r _ jvris monastris

beWedi da 259v _ sefiskveris sabeWdavi (igive sabeWdavi 203v-ze xeliT

aris gamosaxuli)~ (feraZe 2004: 165-166. Sdr.: berJe 1868: 228).

grafikuli gamosaxulebebis CamoTvlis Semdeg avtorma mokled

axasiaTebs xelnaweris dekoratiuli morTulobis ZiriTad elementebs:

`yoveli axali abzacis pirveli aso wiTlad aris daferili, xolo

TiToeuli Txzulebis saTauri yvavilTa mSvenieri gvirgviniTaa

garSemowerili~ (feraZe 2004: 166. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228).

Ven.4-is dekoratiul Semkulobaze saubris Semdeg grigol feraZe

axla ukve garejuli krebulis Sedgenilobaze gadadis da pirvel rigSi,

8 iqve, sqolioSi: àrqiepiskoposma kleopam icoda qarTuli ena da berZnuli sapatriarqos gazeTSi `Nea Sion~ palestinis qarTuli monastrebis istoriis Sesaxeb ramdenime naSromic gamoaqveyna~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 227).

19

xelnaweris `zanduks~ axasiaTebs: `pirvel gverdze nusxaxucuriT

mocemulia sarCevi, Sinaarsis aRweriloba.

xelnaweri Tormeti Txzulebisagan Sedgeba:

1. `SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTasa, Tqmuli anastasi monazonisa~.

2. `TargmanebaÁ momixseneTa, Tqmuli grigoli noselisa~.

3. àRdgomasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa, Tqmuli wmidisa ioane

oqropirisa~.

4. `sakiTxavi amaRlebisa~.

5. `kiTxva-migebani wmidisa basilisa da grigolisi~.

6. `cxorebaÁ SiSvel-marTalTa~.

7. `sakiTxavi wmidisa nisimasi~.

8. `SeCuÀnebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ~.

9. `qebaÁ qebaÁTa, iambikonad Tqmuli~.

10. `sakiTxavi Sobisa RmrTisaÁ Cuenisa iesÂ qristesi, dekenbersa ke (25)~.

11. `sakiTxavi dionisios ariopagelisa~.

12. àRricxva welTa adamisiTganTa~ (feraZe 2004: 166. Sdr.: feraZe

1940: 228)9.

`zandukis~ daxasiaTebis Semdeg grigol feraZe saTiTaod exeba Ven.4-

Si Setanil pirvel TerTmet Txzulebas da TiToeuli am sakiTxavis

saTauri moaqvs im saxiT, ra saxiTac isini warmodgenilia Ven.4-is

ZiriTad teqstSi. garda amisa, avtori iqve miuTiTebs TerTmetive

Txzulebis pirvel da bolo gverdebs, xolo zogierT am sakiTxavs

damatebiT urTavs maTi teqstis dasawyis fragmentebs:

`1. 3v-41r. `Tqumuli anastasi monazonisa, sinelisaÁ, SemoslvisaTÂs

marxvaTaÁsa da meequsisaTÂs fsalmunisa~. Migne, PG. 89, 1077-111610.

2. 41v-177v. `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ, Tqumuli wmidisa grigoli

noselisaÁ~. Migne, PG. 44, 1193-1302.

9 `zandukSi~ warmodgenili Tormetive Txzulebis saTauris wakiTxva Cvenia. 10 iqve, sqolioSi: `sxva xelnawerebis Sesaxeb, romlebic igive Txzulebebs Seicaven da saqarTveloSi inaxeba ix.: Cemi Sroma: Die altchristliche Literatur in der georgischen Überlieferung, Òriens Christianus~, Jahrgänge, 1929-1933 (Leipzig)~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228).

20

3. 178r-180r. àRvsebasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa. ese sakiTxavi ersa

zeda ikiTxevebis, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisaÁ~.

Migne, PG. 59, 721-724.

4. 180v-186v. `wmidaTa Soris mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisa,

kostantinepolel mTavarepiskoposisaÁ, sityuaÁ amaRlebisaTÂs oÂflisa

Cuenisa iesÂ qristesa~. Migne, PG. 52, 791-794.

5. 187v-208r. `sityÂs-gebaÁ kiTxva-migebiTi didisa basilisi da grigoli

RmrTismetyuelisaÁ~. Inc.: `hrqua grigoli: `vissa Sehgavs wodebad gulis

Ãmisyofad~.

6. 208v-224r. `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT SiSuel-marTalTaÁ

da wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~. Inc.: `Jamsa mas, romelsa iyo kaci erTi

udabnos da saxeli misi zosime~.

7. 224v-234v. `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa nisimesi, romeli iyo

asuli mefisa egÂbtisaÁ da iqmna mamasaxlis udabnos mZuvarTa zeda, ricxÂT

oTxasTa~.11. Inc.: ìyo egÂbtes dedakaci erTi, romelsa erqua nisime~.

235r-249r. `moTxrobaÁ wmidaTa mamaTa mZuvarTaTÂs, ricxÂT oTxasTa~.

Inc.: `xolo amisa Semdgomad mo-vinme-vida msaxursa eklesiisasa Tana

aleqsandriisasa~.

8. 249v-254v. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~. Inc.: àrioz, ucxo

qmnuli RmrTisagan, mwvalebelTa winamZRuari~. aqve gankiTxuli da

dawyevlili arian Semdegi eretikosebi: ariozi, evnomi, nestori, severiane

da evtiqe.

9. 255r-266r. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa

solomonisgan~. Inc.: àmboris yofaÁ pirisaÁ momecin me~.

10. 266v-292r. ùwyebaTagan piruelTa gamowulilviT Sekrebuli

netarisa ioanesgan xucisa da monazonisa damaskelisa, sakiTxavi

SobisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ qristesa~12. Inc.: `raJams zafxuli

moiwios, yovlisa soflisa nivTni kualad ganaxlebad moiqcevian~.

11 iqve, sqolioSi: `berZnulad _ an (saZovarze gadena). ase uwodebdnen asketebs, romlebic mxolod balaxebiTa da fesvebiT ikvebebodnen~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 229).

12 iqve, sqolioSi: `Migne, PG. 96, 763-768. es qadageba ioane oqropiris saxeliTaa motanili. igi gamocemulia quTaisSi, 1912 wels~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).

21

11. 292v-303r. `cxorebaÁ wmidisa dionosios episkoposisa, romeli iyo

Ze sokratisi da mTavari aTenelTaÁ, romelsa ewoda qalaqi brZenTaÁ.

moTxrobaÁ juarcumisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ qristesa~. Inc.:

`gÂTxrobda Tavisa TÂsisaTÂs netari dionosios~13 (feraZe 2004: 166-167.

Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228-230)14.

Ven.4-is pirvel TerTmet sakiTxavTan SedarebiT, grigol feraZe

gacilebiT ufro dawvrilebiT exeba garejuli krebulis rigiT

meTormete teqsts:

`12. 303v-304r. vasili oprafis15 mokle uwyeba samyaros Seqmnisa da

qronografiis Sesaxeb16.

radgan uwyebaSi mravali Secdomaa, mis mxolod mokle Sinaarss

moviyvan:

àdamidan warRvnamde gavida 2242 weli; warRvnidan babilonis

godolamde _ 425 weli; babilonis godolidan abraamis droebamde _ 425

weli; abraamis xanidan ebraelTa egviptidan gamosvlamde _ 430 weli;

egviptidan gamosvlidan taZris agebamde _ 757 weli; taZris agebidan

tyveobamde _ 425 weli; mTlianad ki _ 4880 weli17. tyveobis xanidan

aleqsandres mefobamde _ 318 weli; aleqsandres mefobidan qristemde _

303 weli; mTlianad ki _ 5005 weli18. qristedan konstantinemde _ 318

weli; konstantines droidan mefe mixaelis19, Teofiles vaJis

mmarTvelobamde _ 5045 weli, mTlianad ki _ 5365 weli. am droidan aleqsi

komnenosamde _ 245 weli. amgvarad, samyaros Seqmnidan aqamde 6008 weli

13 iqve, sqolioSi: ès versia, sxva xelnawerebis mixedviT, gamoqveynebulia p. peetersis mier. ix.: Ànalecta Bollandiana~, XXXI (Bruxelles, 1912), 277-313~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).

14 TerTmetive Txzulebis saTaurisa da maTi teqstebis dasawyisi fragmentebis wakiTxva Cvenia.

15 iqve, sqolioSi: òprafi-s nacvlad wakiTxul unda iqnes oRrafi. aq mcdaradaa gadmocemuli xrono-grafi an hagio-grafi _ vasili qrono- anu hagiografosi~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).

16 iqve, sqolioSi: `rogorc teqstis erT-erTi minaweridan Cans, am qronografiis mTargmnelia Teofile. es Teofile XI saukunis kargad cnobili qarTveli mweralia. ix.: k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., 252-256~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).

17 iqve, sqolioSi: `sinamdvileSi es 4704 welia~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230). 18 iqve, sqolioSi: `Tu aTvlis wertilad 4880 wels aviRebT, am SemTxvevaSi, 5501 welia, xolo Tu 4704 wlidan gamovalT, maSin 5325 weli gamodis~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 231).

19 iqve, sqolioSi: `mixail III mefobda 842-867 wlebSi~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 231).

22

gavida. roca es Txzuleba qarTulad iTargmna, marti iyo, berZnuli

indiktioni x. daiwera 13 wlis Semdgom, tla wels, indiktions l (1111 w.)~

(feraZe 2004: 167-168. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230-231).

garejul krebulSi warmodgenuli Txzulebebis daxasiaTebis Semdeg,

grigol feraZe yuradRebas axla ukve garejuli krebulis minawerebze

amaxvilebs da maTgan, sagangebod gamoyofs XVIII saukunis ori minaweris

teqsts:

`zemoT moyvanili anderZ-minawerebis garda, xelnawerSi sxva, Zalze

saintereso minawerebic gvxvdeba.

ydis mxares, mxedruliT:

`CRom (1770 w.) marts ke (25). uRirsman: ioane. mRudel: monazonman

munjman. Sevswire. jvaris. monastersa. Cemi: mogebuli Jamni. daviTni.

kurTxevani: kondaki. stambisa. vinca moxvideT. aq. ixmareT. iaiTxeT. da

Sendoba. mibrZaneT. vinc. am ierusalimidam. waiRos. xelimca moekveTos: da

SeCvenebul iyos. q(rist)esgan. da meca. mepasuxos. didis. msajulis. winaSe.

a(me)n: saxarebisa stambisa pirRebulisa20. R(mr)Tis mSoblisa: ars:~21.

iqve, sxva xeliT naweri:

`CRoÀ (1778 w.) okdobersa ke (25). uRirsi arqimandriti antonios. ama

wmidaTa. adgilTa. meored. moved. da Tayvanisvec. yovelT ganmacxovebels.

q(rist)es saflavsa. da wmidasa. golgoTas. da yovelTa. wmidaTa.

adgilTa. wmidis mamis. ioanes. naweri vnaxe. wignebi. veZie. da ierusalims.

wignebis saunjeSi22. vnaxe. saxareba. da kurTxevani. vpove. sxva. ara iyo.

bevri: veZie. yvelgan. da ver vipovne. vinca waiRo. aRwerilisa m(eb)r. eyos.

da mas upasuxos. vinc. am monasters. gamoaxva. a(me)n~23.

20 iqve, sqolioSi: `sityva pirRebuli garkveul siZneleebs qmnis. SesaZloa, igi, mociqul lukas mier Seqmnil pirvel xats gulisxmobs, an aRniSnavs mravalferad gamosaxulebas, an kidev xats, romelic saswaulebrivad ganaxlda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, es RmrTismSoblis saswaulTmoqmedi xatis saxelia. ramdenadac vici, garda am SemTxvevisa, pirRebulis RmrTismSobeli saqarTveloSi ucnobia~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 231).

21 qaragmis gaxsna, agreTve, frCxilebSi miTiTebuli weli da Tvis ricxvi Cvenia. 22 iqve, sqolioSi: `minaweridan irkveva, rom ierusalimSi, garda samonastro biblioTekebisa, arsebobda qarTuli centraluri biblioTekac (ierusalimis wignTsacavi)~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).

23 qaragmis gaxsna, agreTve, frCxilebSi miTiTebuli weli da Tvis ricxvi Cvenia.

23

orive minaweri cxadyofs, rom XVIII saukunis meore naxevarSi

palestinis qarTuli samonastro biblioTekebi rigianad ar imarTeboda~

(feraZe 2004: 168. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230-231).

statiis sul bolo nawilSi grigol feraZe garejuli krebulis

minawerebidan damatebiT gamoyofs ocze meti kolofonis teqsts da iqve

miuTiTebs, Tu konkretulad vin aris moxseniebuli am teqstebSi:

`sxva minawerebSi ixsenebian: 4r (1863 w. 9 dekemberi), 8r (1864 w.), 39r,

41v, 42r (samive _ 1863 w.), 56r, 81r, 129r, 180r (1863 w.) da 292v _ besarion

qiotiSvili; 25v, 39v da 218r (samive _ 1806 w), 41r, 209r, 224v, 249rv da 292r

(yvela uTariRo) _ beri lavrenti.

18v-ze _ aRdgomis monastris beri ioseb xuntusZe; 120r _ ambrose da

misi patroni qaixosro; 187r _ diakvani esaia; 265r _ batoniSvili TinaTin-

yofili nino; iqve _ monazoni Tebronia guriidan da misi biZa grigol

xevariZe~ (feraZe 2004: 168-169. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).

dasasrul, aRvniSnavT imasac, rom grigol feraZes statiis bolos

CamoTvlili minawerebidan sqolioSi sagangebod moaqvs ori kolofonis

teqsti:

18v. àRdgomeli ioseb xuntusZisa~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).

265r. `R(merT)o S(eiwyal)e. batoniSvili TinaTin. yofili nino~

(feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232)24.

amiT vasrulebT grigol feraZis 1940 wlis germanulenovani statiis

detalur mimoxilvas. vfiqrobT, gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

mkvlevarma ganxiluli naSromiT umniSvnelovanesi etapi Seqmna garejuli

krebulisa da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero Seswavlis saqmeSi.

metic, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki vityviT, rom arc qarTul da arc romelime

ucxo enaze dRemde ar Seqmnila samecniero gamokvleva, sadac ase

mravalmxrivad iqneboda gaSuqebuli Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebuli calkeuli

sakiTxebi.

grigol feraZis statiis dabeWdvidan or aTeul welze meti xnis

Semdeg, 1962 wels ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis profesorma levan menabdem gamoaqveyna Tavisi

24 minawerSi qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia.

24

monografiuli naSromis `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebis~ I tomis

pirveli nakveTi. wignSi, sxva mravalferovan masalasTan erTad

warmodgenili iyo garejis qvabovan savaneebSi gadawerili xelnawerebisa

da aq moRvawe mwignobar-kaligrafTa sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvali

(menabde 1962: 273-319).

CamonaTvalis bolos levan menabdes sqolioSi Catanili hqonda

SeniSvnis teqsti, sadac zemoT ganxilul 1940 wlis statiaze dayrdno-

biT, aRniSnavda, rom `g. feraZes venaSi unaxavs nikoloz nikrais mier 1160

wels garejSi gadawerili mozrdili krebuli~ (menabde 1962: 319).

miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaxelebul wignSi sxva araferi iyo naTqvami

Ven.4-is Sesaxeb, am cnobas mainc didi mniSvneloba hqonda qarTveli

filologosebisa da istorikosebisaTvis. marTlac, levan menabdis naS-

romi warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi dabeWdil pirvel wigns, romlis daxma-

rebiTac farTo samecniero sazogadoebam garkveuli informacia miiRo

aramxolod qveynis imdroindeli xelisuflebis mier Serisxuli emig-

ranti mecnieris erT-erTi publikaciis Taobaze, aramed venis nacionalur

biblioTekaSi daculi 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis Sesaxebac25.

levan menabdis wignis gamocemidan daaxloebiT ori aTeuli wlis

Semdeg Ven.4-iT sagangebod dainteresda qarTvel filologosTa erTi

jgufi da ramdenime sxvadasxva xasiaTis naSromic miuZRvna garejul

krebuls, ufro zustad ki, krebulSi warmodgenil `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~

teqsts. am mxriv, pirveli rigSi, aRsaniSnavia xelnawerTa institutis

mecnier TanamSromlis, profesor zurab sarjvelaZis mier 1983 wels,

25 sabWoTa saqarTvelos oficialuri xelisuflebis mxridan grigol feraZis samecni-ero moRvaweobisadmi ukiduresad agresiuli damokidebulebis ukeT warmosaCenad movi-yvanT nawyvets istorikosi goCa saiTiZis statiidan `wm. mRvdelmowame arqimandriti grigol feraZe (cxovreba da moRvaweoba)~: `...mama grigols misma moRvaweobam saer-TaSoriso samecniero wreebSi udidesi avtoriteti mouxveWa. mis mravalmxriv saq-mianobas ignorirebas mxolod sabWoTa sistema uwevda. aq, rogorc wesi, grigol feraZis naSromebis araTu dabeWdva, aramed sqolioSi damowmeba da, ubralod, saxelis xsenebac ki sastikad ikrZaleboda. sailustraciod erT magaliTs movitanT: `1937 wels, rodesac mTels msoflioSi farTod aRiniSneboda SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ 750 wlis iubile, grigol feraZem am RirsSesaniSnav TariRs erTbaSad sami naSromi uZRvna, varSavaSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze moxsenebac waikiTxa. iubilesTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi, rasakvirvelia, saqarTveloSic tardeboda, gamoicemoda samecniero krebulebi Tu wignebi, romelTagan erT-erTs savalalo bedi ewia: cnobili literatoris _ gaioz imedaSvilis wigni sabWoTa cenzuram akrZala mxolod da mxolod imitom, rom avtors sqolioSi miTiTebuli hqonda grigol feraZis naSromi SoTa rusTavelis Sesaxeb~ (saiTiZe 2003: 17).

25

krebul `mravalTavis~ X tomSi gamoqveynebuli statia `venaSi daculi

`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis~ (sarjvelaZe 1983).

statiis Sesaval nawilSi avtori Segvaxsenebs, rom gansaxilavi

bibliuri wignis `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti daculia ramdenime qarTul

xelnawerSi da iqve CamoTvlis am nusxebs: oSkis biblia (978 w.), mcxeTuri

anu sulxan-saba orbelianis mier gadawerili biblia (XVII-XVIII ss.) da

baqariseuli pirvelnabeWdi biblia (1743 w.). mkvlevris TqmiT, garda

uSualod `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisa, cnobilia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs

Targmanebebi~, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia Satberdis

krebulsa (X s.) da xelnawerTa institutSi dacul or xelnawerSi _ A-55-

sa (XII s.) da A-65-Si (1188-1210 ww.). dasasrul, avtori SeniSnavs, rom imave

A-65-Si Setanilia Sesabamisi `Targmanebidan~ gamokrebili `qebaÁ

qebaTaÁs~ teqstic (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75)26.

amis Semdeg zurab sarjvelaZe pirdapir gadadis garejul krebulze

da gvauwyebs, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sruli teqsti aris daculi avstriaSi,

venis nacionaluri biblioTekis #4 qarTul xelnawerSi. es saintereso

xelnaweri aRwera gr. feraZem (aq avtors mxedvelobaSi aqvs grigol

feraZis 1940 wlis statia _ T. j.). am SemTxvevaSi usaTuod imsaxurebs

26 specialuri literaturis Tanaxmad, zurab sarjvelaZis mier CamoTvlil xelnawereb-Si Semonaxulia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ xuTi gansxvavebuli redaqcia. aqedan, pirveli redaq-cia daculia 978 wlis oSkis bibliaSi (Ath.1) (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 559-572; cagareli 1886: 17-56; kiknaZe 1965: 127-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30; solomoni 1987: 164-174, 717). meore redaqcia warmodgenilia XI-XII saukuneebiT daTariRebul A-55-sa (bregaZe ... 1973: 147-153; kiknaZe 1965: 127-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30) da sulxan-saba orbelianiseul bibliaSi (A-

51) (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 609-619; kiknaZe 1965: 133-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-31, 61-68), agreTve, XII saukunis grigol noselis TxzulebaTa krebulSi (A-108) (bregaZe ... 1976: 29, 33; kiknaZe 1965: 126), XVIII saukuneSi gadaweril Q-1052-sa (kiknaZe 1965: 126) da aTonis iverTa monastris kuTvnil erT-erT qarTul xelnawerSi (kiknaZe 1965: 126). `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ mesame redaqcia Setanilia 1188-1210 wlebis krebulSi _ igive A-65-Si (bregaZe ... 1973: 224-230; gigineiSvili ... 1989: 592-593; kiknaZe 1965: 133; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30); xolo kidev erTi, rigiT meoTxe redaqcia ki _ qarTlis mefis baqaris (1717-1719 ss.) safasiT 1743 wels moskovSi dabeWdil bibliaSi (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 627-635; kiknaZe 1965: 133; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30). calke msjelobis sagania `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs Targmanebis~ is teqsti, romelic, saTauris Tanaxmad, ipolite romaels miekuTvneba da romelic, Cvenamde sami xelnaweriT aris moRweuli. es nusxebia: X saukunis Satberdis krebuli (S-1141) (ipolite 1901: V-Áz; gigineiSvili ... 1979: 15-44, 249-268), XII-XIII saukuneebis ierusalimuri xelnaweri #39 (mari 1955: 81-82; gigineiSvili ... 1979: 32-36) da XVII-XVIII saukuneebiT daTariRebuli krebuli (A-165) (bregaZe ... 1976: 244-248; gigineiSvili ... 1979: 32-36). am TxzulebaSi ganmartebuli `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti, zurab sarjvelaZis jerjerobiT gamouqveynebeli naSromis Tanaxmad, ar miekuTvneba zemoT CamoTvlili oTxi redaqciidan arc erTs da maTgan gansxvavebul mexuTe redaqcias qmnis (informaciis mowodebisaTvis madlobas movaxsenebT mkvlevris qaliSvils, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mecnier TanamSromels, filologos sofio sarjvelaZes).

26

yuradRebas is faqti, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ~ Setanilia arabibliur

krebulSi. rogorc kargadaa cnobili, `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ~ ar gvxvdeba leq-

cionarebSic ki, sadac TiTqmis yvela sxva bibliuri wignebidan aris da-

dasturebuli nawyvetebi, xolo calkeuli wignebi (ruTisa, ionas winas-

warmetyveleba da sxva) mTlianadaa warmodgenili~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75).

odnav ufro qvemoT mkvlevari kidev erT sayuradRebo detalze

amaxvilebs yuradRebas: ìrkveva, rom avstriul xelnawerSi dadas-

turebuli teqsti ar misdevs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sxva romelime qarTul

redaqcias. igi gankerZoebiT dgas da damoukidebel Targmans warmoadgens.

amasTan zogierT SemTxvevaSi qarTuli teqsti sakmaod sxvaobs TviT

berZnuli teqstisagan~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75). aRniSnuli mosazrebis

dasasabuTeblad zurab sarjvelaZe safuZvlianad ganixilavs aramxolod

`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ venur nusxas, aramed am teqstis sxva qarTul da berZnul

variantebsac (sarjvelaZe 1983: 76-79).

zurab sarjvelaZis ganxilul naSroms gansakuTrebul samecniero Ri-

rebulebas sZens is faqtic, rom mkvlevars warmodgenili aqvs `qebaÁ qeba-

TaÁs~ venuri nusxis pirveli da jerjerobiT erTaderTi sruli pub-

likacia. teqsti akademiuri saxiT aris gamocemuli (sarjvelaZe 1983: 79-86).

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia kidev erTi garemoeba. statiis avtors `qebaÁ

qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis darTuli aqvs garejuli krebulis Sesabamisi

furclebis (255r-266r) aSiebze Sesrulebuli oTxi minaweris teqsti.

ucvleli saxiT mogvyavs am kolofonebis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli

publikacia:

1. àSiaze (igulisxmeba 265r-s aSia _ T. j.): `mandragori vaSlia,

Zmano~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 85).

2. àSiaze (igulisxmeba amave 265r-s aSia _ T. j.): `RmerTo, Seiwyale

batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino. RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia monazoni,

guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86)27.

27 es ori kolofoni, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, grigol feraZis statiaSic aris moxseniebuli (feraZe 2004: 162). garda amisa, dasaxelebul publikaciaSi sruli saxiTaa Setanili pirveli minaweris teqstic (feraZe 2004: 173).

27

3. `minaweri (igulisxmeba 266r-ze nikoloz nikrais xeliT Sesrulebu-

li da uSualod `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstze mikruli kolofoni _ T. j.):

`didebaÁ RmerTsa, srul-myofelisa yovelTasa, amen~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).

zurab sarjvelaZis statias asrulebs rusul enaze Sedgenili

reziume, sadac kidev erTxel aris Sejamebuli mkvlevris mier gamut-

qmuli ZiriTadi mosazrebebi: `Грузинская рукопись 1160 года Венской

национальной библиотеки (№4) содержит полный текст `Песни песней~. В резултате

сравнения Венского текста с другими вариантами этой книги автор приходит к выводу,

что Венский текст самостоятельный перевод с греческого языка. Время перевода –

приблизительно XI в28

. Интересен язык Венского текста. Он содержит лексические

единицы, которые не учтены в словарях древнегрузинского языка. К статье прилагается

Венский текст Песни песней~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 87).

amrigad, zurab sarjvelaZis 1983 wlis statia SeiZleba CaiTvalos

saetapo mniSvnelobis mqone samecniero publikaciad, romelmac

safuZveli daudo garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrili teqstebis akademiuri

Seswavlisa da gamocemis saqmes.

ganxiluli statiis dabeWdvidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1985 wels

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebulma saqarTvelos istoriis

wyaroebis komisiam seriiT `mcxeTuri xelnaweri~ gamoaqveyna sulxan-saba

orbelianiseuli bibliis (A-51) ramdenimetomiani gamocemis meoTxe

nakveTi. publikaciaSi Setanili iyo Semdegi teqstebi: eklesiaste, sibrZne

solomonisa, qeba qebaTa solomonisa da winaswarmetyvelebis: esaias,

ieremias, baruqisa da ezekielis wignebi. Zeglebi gamosacemad moamzada

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorma elene doCanaSvilma.

manve Seadgina publikaciisaTvis wamZRvarebuli vrceli Sesavali

teqstic (doCanaSvili 1985).

aRniSnul Sesaval nawilSi mTeli Tavi aqvs daTmobili mcxeTur

xelnawerSi warmodgenil erT-erT bibliur wigns `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~. masze

saubrisas elene doCanaSvili Tanmimdevrulad mimoixilavs sxvadasxva

qarTul xelnawerebSi dacul nusxebs da arsebiTad ucvleli saxiT

imeorebs specialur literaturaSi damkvidrebul sam ZiriTad

28 sagulisxmoa, rom avtoris mier SemoTavazebuli bolo debuleba uSualod statiaSi Setanili ar aris da mxolod rusulenovan reziumeSi gvxvdeba.

28

mosazrebas: 1. 978 wlis oSkis bibliaSi (Ath.1), 1160 wlis garejul

krebulSi (Ven.4), 1188-1210 wlebis A-65-sa da 1743 wlis pirvelnabeWd

bibliaSi warmodgenilia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ oTxi gansxvavebuli redaqcia; 2.

XI-XII saukuneebiT daTariRebuli A-55-isa da XVII-XVIII saukuneebis

mcxeTuri bibliis (S-1141) nusxebi qmnian zemoT CamoTvlili

redaqciebidan calke mdgom, rigiT mexuTe redaqcias; 3. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~

qarTul redaqciaTa mTargmneli pirebi ar kmayofildebian mxolod erTi

romelime ucxoenovani wyaroTi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daubrko-

leblad sargebloben sxva wyaroebiTac (doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30).

am daskvnebis paralelurad, elene doCanaSvili sagangebod gamoyofs

garejul krebulSi dacul `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsts da ramdenime

saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams mis Sesaxeb: `rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,

z. sarjvelaZem gamosca venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi `qebaÁ

qebaTaÁs~ sruli teqsti da am teqstis Sesaxeb sagangebo gamokvleva,

romelSic is aRniSnavs, rom avstriul xelnawerSi dadasturebuli

teqsti ar misdevs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sxva romelime qarTul redaqcias. igi

gankerZoebiT dgas da damoukidebel Targmans warmoadgens. es SeimCneva

rogorc redaqciul-Sinaarsobriv aspeqtSi, iseve leqsikaSi. dasaxele-

buli naSromis avtori Tvlis, miuxedavad TviT Zeglis berZnuli

teqstisagan ara erTi gansxvavebisa, rom igi aucileblad berZnulidan

aris Targmnili da amis damadasturebeli masala moaqvs. marTlac, am

teqstis guldasmiT Sejereba sxva qarTul nusxebTan da CvenTvis

xelmisawvdom ucxo (berZnuli, somxuri, ebrauli, laTinuri) wyaroebTan

sruliad damajerebls xdis z. sarjvelaZis daskvnas. magram interess

aRZravs da gaocebas iwvevs is faqti, rom rodesac S nusxas (igulisxmeba

`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sulxan-sabaseul bibliaSi warmodgenili nusxa _ T. j.)

vudarebdiT sxva nusxebsa Tu ucxo wyaroTa Cvenebebs, zogjer is

gansxvavebuli leqsema Tu sxva ram ganmasxvavebeli niSani swored A

nusxaSi e. i. avstriul teqstSi iCenda Tavs. redaqciulad isini isev

calke rCebian am konkretul SemTxvevaSic, magram aRniSnuli garemoeba

29

maTSi saerTo wyarodan momdinare nakadis arsebobazec unda miuTi-

Tebdes~ (doCanaSvili 1985: 28-29)29.

rogorc vxedavT, `mcxeTuri xelnaweris~ meoTxe nakveTisTvis

wamZRvarebul SesavalSi elene doCanaSvilma erTgvarad gaagrZela

garejul krebulSi warmodgenili erT-erTi teqstis `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~

filologiuri Seswavlis saqme da aramxolod gaiziara, aramed ramdenime

axali dakvirvebiTac gaamdidra zurab sarjvelaZis mier amave teqstis

Sesaxeb odnav ufro adre gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi.

`mcxeTuri xelnaweris~ meoTxe nakveTis dabeWdvidan arcTu ise didi

xnis Semdeg, 1989 wels xelnawerTa institutma gamoaqveyna agreTve

ramdenimetomiani gamocemis `wignni Zuelisa aRTqumisanis~ pirveli

nakveTi, sadac Setanili iyo `SesaqmisaÁs~ da `gamoslvaTaÁs~ teqstebi.

wigns damatebis saxiT erTvoda `Zveli aRTqmis qarTul xelnawerTa

aRweriloba~, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Sesrulebuli iyo filologosebis:

baqar gigineiSvilis, nargiza goguaZis, gulnaz kiknaZis, ciala

qurcikiZisa da uCa cindelianis mier (gigineiSvili ... 1989).

aRniSnul àRwerilobaSi~, rogorc es misi saxelwodebidan Cans,

metnaklebi sisruliT aris daxasiaTebuli yvela is qarTuli xelnaweri,

sadac Zveli aRTqmis Tundac erTi wigni mainc aris warmodgenili.

qronologiuri principiT dalagebul am or aTeulamde xelnawers Soris,

rasakvirvelia, garejul krebulsac vxvdebiT. misi aRweriloba gulnaz

kiknaZis mier aris Sedgenili (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 538).

publikaciaSi vkiTxulobT: `venis nac. bibl. xeln. 4. krebuli. 1160.

305 f.; 30X24; qaRaldi; naweri 20,7X15, sveti 16,4X6; gverdze 17 striqoni;

nusxuri, sazedao asoebi asomTavruliT; gadamweri nikolozi (304v),

gadaweris adgili daviT gareja (304v); mkazmveli vlasi (305r); 1160;

miniatiura (260). `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ,

29 amave Sesavali nawilis bolos elene doCanaSvili gvauwyebs, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi gamosacemad hqonia momzadebuli zemoT ukve araerTgzis naxseneb zurab sarjvelaZes (doCanaSvili 1985: 21, 30). vinaidan es metad mniSvnelovani naSromi dRemde ar aris dabeWdili, piradad davukavSirdiT gardacvlili mecnieris qaliSvils sofio sarjvelaZes da gavarkvieT, rom zurab sarjvelaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili da Sesabamisi samecniero aparatiT aRWurvili teqstebis gamocema axlo momavlisTvis yofila dagegmili. imave sofio sarjvelaZis cnobiT, publikaciaSi jerovani saxiT iqneba warmodgenili Ven.4-Si daculi `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstic.

30

brZnisa solomonisagan; meufeo, guakurTxen, _ amboris-yofaÁ pirisaÁ

momecin me, rameTu Senni ZuZuni RÂnisa mjob arian...~30. 255r-266r. SeniSvnebi:

1. teqsti moTavsebulia arabibliuri xasiaTis krebulSi, naTargmni

berZnulidan XI s-Si, gamoikvlia da gamoaqveyna z. sarjvelaZem (ix. z.

sarjvelaZe, venaSi daculi `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis, mravalT., X,

1983, gv. 75-87). 2. xelnaw. aRwerili aqvs g. feraZes (ix.: Gr. Peradze, Über die

Georgischen Handschriften on Östereich: Weiner Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes

1940, Bd. 47, H. 3-4, S. 226-232). minawerebi (nusxuriT): 1. `RmerTo, Seiwyale

batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~; 2. `RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia

monazoni guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (265r); 3. `dideba RmerTsa,

srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen~ (265r)31. sxva minawerebis Sesaxeb ix.: G.

Peradze, dasax. naSr., iqve~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).

amrigad, gulnaz kiknaZem samecniero sazogadoebas SesTavaza gare-

juli krebulis pirveli qarTulenovani aRweriloba, romelic, marTa-

lia, informaciis sisruliT sagrZnoblad Camouvardeboda grigol fera-

Ziseul germanulenovan aRwerilobas, magram am ukanasknelisagan gansxva-

vebiT, bibliografiul iSviaTobas ar warmoadgenda da farTo samecniero

sazogadoebisaTvisac gacilebiT ufro advilad xelmisawvdomi iyo.

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi garejuli krebulisadmi samecniero

interesma erTgvarad iklo. marTlac, am periodidan CvenTvis cnobilia

mxolod erTi publikacia, 1995 wels dabeWdili SemecnebiT-

bibliografiuli xasiaTis wigni `bibliis megzuri~, romlis qarTuli

versiac filologos elguja giunaSvils ekuTvnis. aq `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~

Semcvel sxva qarTul xelnawerebs Soris ubralod dasaxelebulia Ven.4

(giunaSvili ... 1995: 32).

XXI saukunis dasawyisidan garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-

minawerebis samecniero kvlevis procesi isev ganaxlda. am mxriv, pirvel

rigSi, aRsaniSnavia avstriis qarTuli siZveleebis cnobili mkvlevris,

filologos vaxtang imnaiSvilis avtorobiT 2001 wels gamoqveynebuli

30 `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ es fragmenti sxvadasxva saxiT aris warmodgenili grigol feraZisa (feraZe 2004: 167) da zurab sarjvelaZis (sarjvelaZe 1983: 79) publikaciebSi.

31 aq citirebuli kolofonebi sxvadasxva saxiT aris Setanili grigol feraZisa (feraZe 2004: 169, 173) da zurab sarjvelaZis (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86) statiebSi.

31

mciretaniani wigni `sinas mTidan gracamdis (gracis qarTuli xelna-

werebis istoria)~. naSromSi ZiriTadi yuradReba gracis universitetis

kuTvnil qarTul xelnawerebs, ufro zustad ki, am xelnawerebis sinas

mTidan gracSi moxvedris peripetiebs eTmoba (imnaiSvili 2001).

garda amisa, vaxtang imnaiSvili gakvriT exeba venis nacionalur

biblioTekaSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebs, maT Soris, CvenTvis

saintereso Ven.4-sac da am xelnawerebis `pirad saqmeebze~ dayrdnobiT,

garkveul informacias gvawvdis maTi venaSi moxvedris droisa da

pirobebis Sesaxeb: `venis erovnuli biblioTekis #1 xelnaweri 1873 wlis

8 maiss iyides 45 guldenad antikvar goldSmidtisagan, ##2-3-4 xelnawe-

rebi (#4 xelnawerSi igulisxmeba garejuli krebuli _ T. j) profesorma

turkerma biblioTekisaTvis ucnobi antikvarisagan 1931 wlis 3 ianvars

SeiZina egvipteSi, aleqsandriaSi, xolo #5 xelnaweri, saxareba, 1938

wlis 15 ivliss iyides venaSi natalia kronegerisagan~ (imnaiSvili 2001)32.

rogorc vxedavT, vaxtang imnaiSvilma mis mier warmoebuli

kodikologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad, samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semoitana

ramdenime dazustebuli cnoba garejuli krebulis mravalsaukunovani

istoriis bolo monakveTis Sesaxeb.

Ven.4-is filologiuri Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod

warmatebuli gamodga 2003 weli. daviwyoT imiT, rom am wels krebul

`mravalTavis~ XX nomerSi gamoqveynda xelnawerTa institutis mecnier-

TanamSromlis qeTevan asaTianis statia: `nisimes cxovrebis~ XII saukunis

ucnobi qarTuli nusxis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~, romelic

sagangebod garejul krebulSi warmodgenili hagiografiuli Txzulebis

_ wm. nisimes `cxovrebisadmi~ iyo miZRvnili (asaTiani 2003: 53-59)33.

32 zustad sami wlis Semdeg, 2004 wels vaxtang imnaiSvilma gamoaqveyna vrceli naSromi saxelwodebiT: ùZvelesi qarTuli xelnawerebi avstriaSi~. avtors wignSi A nakveTad Setanili aqvs 2001 wels dabeWdili wignakis teqsti (imnaiSvili 2004: 4-46). vinaidan 2004 wlis gamocema absoluturad ucvleli saxiT imeorebs 2001 wlis publikaciis CvenTvis saintereso adgils, winamdebare naSromSi mxolod am ukanasknelis citireba CavTvaleT saWirod.

33 marTalia, aRniSnuli naSromi 2003 wels gamoqveynda krebul `mravalTavis~ fur-clebze, magram misi teqsti avtorma gacilebiT ufro adre, 2001 wlis seqtemberSi, Cve-ni TxovniT, moxsenebis saxiT waikiTxa istoriisa da eTnologiis institutSi gamar-Tul, institutis daarsebis 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili axalgazrda mecnierTa da aspirantTa dargTaSoris samecniero konferenciaze. moxsenebis saTauri iyo: `nisimes cxovrebis~ Seuswavleli XII saukunis qarTuli nusxis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~.

32

statiis dasawyisSi qeTevan asaTiani mokled gvacnobs wm. nisimes

warmomavlobasa da moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebul detalebs34. amis Semdeg

avtori gvauwyebs, rom wm. nisimes `cxovrebis~ X saukuneSi Sesrulebuli

qarTuli Targmanis teqsti korneli kekeliZis mier sam _ A, B da C

redaqciad aris dayofili35. iqve mkvlevari detalurad mimoixilavs

`nisimes cxovrebis~ qarTuli Targmanis warmomavlobis Taobaze

gamoTqmul sxvadasxva mosazrebebs36 da Zeglis samecniero kvlevis

istoriaze saubarsac amiT amTavrebs (asaTiani 2003: 53-54).

34 mkvlevris TqmiT: `cnoba nisimes Sesaxeb jer kidev IV saukunidan Cndeba. yvelaze Zveli avtori, romelic masze mogviTxrobs, efrem asuria. misi avtorobiT moRweuli Txrobis siuJetis mixedviT, egviptis mefis asuli isidora (igulisxmeba wm. nisime _ T. j.), mSoblebis gardacvalebisTanave tovebs mamiseuli saxl-kars da udabnoSi midis. ormoci wlis asketuri cxovrebis Semdeg, igi udabnodan tabeneses dedaTa monasterSi mkvidrdeba, iq salosis moRvaweobas iwyebs, xolo mas mere, rac pitirionis meSveobiT, misi faruli Rvawli cxaddeba, igi kvlav udabnos ubrundeba da amis Semdeg aRaravin icis misi asaval-dasavali. amave Txrobas imeorebs odnav mogvianebiT paladi helinopoleli `lavsaikonSi~. am adreuli Txrobebisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro didi moculobisa da SedarebiT farTo Sinaarsisaa misi `cxovreba~, romlis mixedviTac tabaneses monastridan udabnoSi wasuli nisima (isidora) oTxasi meudabnoe mamis winamZRvari xdeba~ (asaTiani 2003: 53).

35 korneli kekeliZis Tanaxmad, `nisimes cxovrebis~ A redaqcias miekuTvneba erTaderTi, X-XI saukuneebis krebulSi (A-249) daculi nusxa (bregaZe ... 1980: 87; kekeliZe 1918: XXXIV, XLVI, 202-214; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). B redaqciaSi gaerTianebulia sami sxva nusxa, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia Semdeg xelnawerebSi: XIVBsaukunis krebulSi (A-146) (bregaZe ... 1976: 200; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101), 1738 wlis `wmidaTa cxovrebasa~ (A-161) (bregaZe ... 1976: 230; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101) da XVIII saukunis krebulSi (A-126) (bregaZe ... 1976: 1976 w. 121; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). sul bolo, C redaqciaSi Tavmoyrilia kidev sami xelnaweriT moRweuli nusxebi. es xelnawerebia: XV saukunis krebuli (A-382) (bregaZe ... 1985: 123; kekeliZe 1918: XXXV, XLVI, 202-214; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101), 1708 wlis krebuli (A-518) (bregaZe ... 2004: 518; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101) da XIX saukunis A-653 (kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). mogvianebiT, 1983 wels filologosma nani waqaZem mTeli monografia miuZRvna CvenTvis saintereso teqsts: `nisimes cxovrebis~ siriuli, arabuli da qarTuli versiebi (gamokvleva, teqstebi, Targmanebi)~. naSromSi avtorma korneli kekeliZis mier Seswavlil Svid nusxas kidev Tormeti sxva nusxa daumata. aqedan, aTi nusxa aRmoCnda saqarTveloSi, xelnawerTa institutis fondebSi, xolo ori nusxa, did britaneTSi, bodleis biblioTekis uordropiseul xelnawerTa fondSi (waqaZe 1983: 29-31). nani waqaZis mier gamovlenili nusxebidan rva nusxa miekuTvneba `nisimes cxovrebis~ B redaqcias. esenia: Wardr.e-1 (1784 w.), H-2281 (1793 w.), S-134 (XVIII s.), Wardr.e-2 (XVIII s.), A-1050 (1801 w.), H-286 (1853 w.), S-139 (XVIII-XIX ss.) da S-3640 (XIX s.) (waqaZe 1983: 30-32). kidev sami nusxa miekuTvneba C redaqcias: H-947 (1864 w.), A-851 (XIX s.) da H-1762 (XIX s.) (waqaZe 1983: 30-32). sul bolo, 1765-1779 wlebis krebuli (S-300) ki, mkvlevarma sulac meoTxe, D literiT gamoyo (waqaZe 1983: 7; gabiZaSvili 2009b: 32).

36 qeTevan asaTianis TqmiT: `specialur gamokvlevaSi k. kekeliZe varaudobs, rom `nisimes cxovreba~, romelic qarTulad naTargmni hagiografiis erT-erTi uZveles nimuSs warmoadgens, kopturidan unda iyos naTargmni. p. peetersi ki mas ufro siriulidan momdinared miiCnevs. k. kekeliZis da p. peetersisagan gansxvavebuli azri aqvs n. waqaZes. is aRniSnavs, rom qarTuli versia imdenad zedmiwevniT emTxveva Sin.342-is arabul teqsts, rom maT Soris variantuli sxvaobebic ki misTvis sagangebo kvlevis sagani gamxdara. sxvaobaTa Seswavlis Semdeg mkvlevari askvnis, rom rig SemTxvevaSi variantebi arabuli sityvebis polisemiurobiT aixsneba, zogjer ki isini mTargmnelis

33

publikaciis momdevno nawilSi qeTevan asaTiani mkiTxvels

ganumartavs Tu ratom dainteresda igi maincdamainc am teqstiT: `sanam

`nisimes cxovrebis~ qarTul Targmans SevexebodeT, aRvniSnavT, Tu ram

gamoiwvia Cveni daintereseba am sakiTxiT. saqme isaa, rom 1949 wels g. fe-

raZem venaSi oTxi umniSvnelovanesi qarTuli xelnaweri aRmoaCina. erT-

erT maTganSi, romelic meoTxe nomrad aris gatarebuli da hagiografi-

ul da homiletikur krebuls warmoadgens, aRmoCnda `nisimes cxovrebis~

kidev erTi, manamde ucnobi nusxa. es xelnaweri jer ar gamxdara mecni-

erTa Seswavlis sagani37. mis Sesaxeb arc zogadi cnobebi mogvepoveba spe-

cialur literaturaSi, vinaidan samecniero literaturaSi cnobili iyo,

rom nisimes `cxovrebis~ qarTuli teqsti mxolod xelnawerTa saqarTve-

loSi dacul koleqciebSi dasturdeboda, aseve uordropebis qarTul

nusxaTa Soris. `nisimes cxovrebis~ teqstebis rogorc teqstologiur-

enobrivi, aseve ideuri TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvnelobis gamo aucileb-

lad CavTvaleT am Seuswavlili nusxis gadasinjva~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).

amas mosdevs garejuli krebulis qeTevan asaTianiseuli mokle

aRweriloba: `xelnawers aqvs saocrad natifi xeliT Sesrulebuli

sazedao asoebi. pagincia axali gakeTebulia da furclebi

restravrirebuli. zogan teqsti aRdgenilia. `cxovreba~ lamazi xeliTaa

naweri da SesaniSnavad ikiTxeba. adgil-adgil teqsti Camatebulia (sxva

xeliT), Sesworeba Setanili, amoSlilia aSkarad zedmeti asoebi. aqvs

minawerebi rogorc xucurad (238v), ise mxedrulad (229r, 248v, 429v).

xelnaweri gadawerilia 1160 wels daviT garejis monasterSi, rac

TavisTavad mniSvnelovani faqtia~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).

statiis ZiriTadi nawili Ven.4-Si daculi `nisimes cxovrebis~

teqstologiur, enobriv da orTografiul analizs eTmoba. am nakveTis

dasawyisSi qeTevan asaTiani xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Semdegs: `verc imas

mier arabuli gramatikuli formebis aRreviTaa gamowveuli. n. waqaZe samive redaqciisaTvis erTi arqetipis arsebobas uSvebs, romlisaganac samive damoukideblad ganviTarda. misive azriT, sinuri versia unda momdinareobdes siriulidan: siriulidan jer arabulad iTargmna, arabulidan _ qarTulad, xolo Semdeg Seivso efrem asuris Txzulebis im monakveTis TargmaniT, romelic Seicavs Txrobebs `nisimes cxovrebis~ Sesaxeb~ (asaTiani 2003: 53-54).

37 mkvlevari iqve, sqolioSi Catanili SeniSvnebiT azustebs am bolo frazas: èrTi teqsti am xelnaweridan `qebaTa qeba~ Seuswavlia z. sarjvelaZes~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).

34

vityviT gadaWriT, nisimes `cxovrebis~ axali nusxa pirvel redaqcias

ekuTvnis, meores, mesames, Tu saerTod axali versiaa. samwuxarod, k.

kekeliZes gamokvlevaSi `nisimes cxovrebis~ teqstis Sesaxeb ara aqvs

miTiTebuli, ra principiT yofs igi mis mier Seswavlil xelnawerebs sam

redaqciad. Cven SevudareT Cveni teqsti mis mier xazgasmul gansxvavebebs

da unda aRiniSnos, rom garejuli krebulis `nisimes cxovrebasa~ da ukve

Seswavlilebs Soris aris imdenad gansxvavebuli wakiTxvebic, rom

teqstis axal, stilistur redaqciaze SeiZleba saubari~ (asaTiani 2003:

55). amis Semdeg mkvlevars sakuTari mosazrebis sailustraciod

citirebuli aqvs mTeli rigi adgilebi, erTis mxriv, X-XI saukuneebis A-

249-Si daculi `nisimes cxovrebis~ jerjerobiT uZvelesi qarTuli

nusxidan, xolo, meores mxriv, garejul krebulSi warmodgenili

teqstidan (asaTiani 2003: 55-59).

statiis daskvniT nawilSi avtori saboloo saxiT ajamebs mis mier

gamoTqmul ZiriTad mosazrebebs: `venaSi daculi garejuli krebuli

aSkarad iTvaliswinebs koreqcias. zemoTmocemuli masala gvaZlevs

saSualebas, visaubroT stilistur redaqciaze, Tumca dabejiTebiT am

etapze mainc ver vwyvetT misi redaqciuli mimarTebis sakiTxs. Cveni

xelnaweri aSkarad iTvaliswinebs X saukunis qarTul Targmans da Seaqvs

masSi stilistur-literaturuli xasiaTis koreqtivebi. teqstologiuri

Sedarebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom saqme Zalian saintereso teqstTan

gvaqvs, romelmac, SesaZloa, redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis garkvevisaT-

vis sayuradRebo masala mogvawodos. `nisimes cxovrebis~ aq ganxilul

XII saukunis nusxas garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am Txzulebis qar-

Tuli Targmanis istoriis gaTvaliswinebisas (asaTiani 2003: 59).

mkvlevris ZiriTadi daskvnebi odnav ufro kategoriuli Cans statiis

rusulenovan reziumeSi: `В статье рассматривается новый список `Жития Нисимы~,

грузинская рукопись XII в. Текстологическое сопоставление данного текста с другими

существующими списками выявляет интересные детали характеризующие этот текст как

новую редакцию, отличающую от других. Данный вариант `Жития Нисимы~ представляет

большой интерес для изучения истории грузинского перевода этого текста~ (asaTiani

2003: 59).

35

amrigad, qeTevan asaTianma sagrZnoblad gaafarTova garejuli

krebulis filologiuri kvlevis areali da specialuri Seswavlis

sagnad, zurab sarjvelaZisa da elene doCanaSvilis mier gamokvleul

`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ Semdeg, Ven.4-Si daculi kidev erTi teqsti, wm. nisimes

`cxovreba~ aqcia38.

imave 2003 wels daibeWda mdidrulad ilustrirebuli, sqeltaniani

krebulis `naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ pirveli wigni. krebulSi

sxva saintereso nakveTebTan erTad Setanilia filologos mixeil

qavTarias mier Sedgenili Tavi saxelwodebiT: `daviT garejis

samonastro-literaturuli skola~. nakveTi, rogorc es misi saTauridan

Cans, mTlianad garejuli mwignobrobis istorias eTmoba (qavTaria 2003).

mkvlevari dasaxelebuli nakveTis pirvel nawilSi qronologiuri

TanmimdevrobiT mimoixilavs garejis mravalmTaSi gadaweril an garejel

moweseebTan raime saxiT dakavSirebul xelnawerebs da sagangebod

Cerdeba Ven.4-ze: `XII saukuneSi daviT garejaSi SemoqmedebiT-

mwignobruli saqmianoba aqtiurad mimdinareobda. es SesaniSnavad Cans

xelnaweridan, romelic dRes avstriaSi, venis nacionaluri biblioTekis

sacavSi inaxeba me-4 nomriT. am metad saintereso xelnaweris anderZSi

vkiTxulobT: `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sanatreli.

daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa wmidisa

mamisa daviTisa, garejas, kedelsa, romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ.

qoronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa

mefobisa misisasa g (3). daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod uflisa

Cuenisa iesu qristesa, romlisaÁ ars didebaÁ ukuniTi ukunisamde, amen. da

Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ. amen. didebaÁ RmerTsa

srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen. meufeo, guakurTxen~. xelnawers didi gza

38 ganxiluli statiis dabeWdvidan erTi wlis Semdeg, 2004 wlis 14 noembers qeTevan asaTianma mecnierebis fond ùdabnos~ daarsebis aTi wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil dargTaSoris samecniero konferenciaze, Cveni TxovniT, waikiTxa `nisimes cxovrebis~ Ven.4-is nusxisadmi miZRvnili kidev erTi moxseneba: `SiSvel-marTalTa da wm. nisimes `cxovrebebis~ axal redaqciaTa Sesaxeb~. konferenciis masalebi da maT Soris, rasakvirvelia, dasaxelebuli moxsenebac axlo momavalSi sruli saxiT gamoqveyndeba mecnierebis fond ùdabnos~ perioduli krebulis ÀNALECTA IBERICA~ II tomSi. sxvaTa Soris, am moxsenebis publikacia imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom aq, `nisimes cxovrebis~ gverdiT, pirvelad iqneba warmodgenili garejul krebulSi daculi apokrifuli xasiaTis Txzulebis `SiSvel-marTalTa cxovrebis~ teqstis filologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi.

36

gauvlia. me-16 saukuneSi igi ierusalimSi jvris monasterSi moxvedrila,

sadac igi ganuaxlebiaT: `Rirs viqmen me urbnel mTavar-episkoposi vlasi

Sekazmvad wmidisa amis wignisa `sanatrelisa~, rameTu JamTa sigrZisagan

ganryunil da uÃmar qmniliyo. da Cuen axlad brZanebiTa da jer CinebiTa

mamisa Cuenisa, tfilel mTavar-episkoposisa barnabaÁsiTa Ãel vyav

Sekazmad~. es momxdara 1570 wels~ (qavTaria 2003: 587).

amis Semdeg mixeil qavTaria ukve nikoloz nikrais mier gadaweril

meore xelnawerze _ wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsze~ (H-1669) gadadis: àmave

nikolozs gadauweria meore xelnaweri _ H-1669 ioane sinelis Txzuleba

`klemaqsi~ _ eqvTime mTawmidelis Targmani. kodeqsis anderZSi vkiT-

xulobT. `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven ufalo RmerTo, amen, romelman

iSroma es wigni~. am xelnaweris mixedviT vaxtang beriZe ase axasiaTebs

gadamwers: `naweri mowmobs, rom igi didi temperamentisa da fantaziis

patroni unda yofiliyo, Tanac, maincdamainc ar daudevda sayovelTaod

miRebul wesebsa. nikraÁ TiTqos sul ver egueboda verafers mSvidsa da

statikurs... nikraÁ kaligrafi ki yofila, magram profesionali mxatvari

ara~ (qavTaria 2003: 587).

sul bolos mkvlevari xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Semdegs: àm periodidan

(igulisxmeba XII saukune _ T. j.) dResdReobiT garejaSi gadawerili

mxolod es ori xelnaweria moRweuli Cvenamdis~ (qavTaria 2003: 587)39.

mixeil qavTarias naSromi mniSvnelovan etaps warmoadgens garejuli

krebulis samecniero Seswavlis saqmeSi. marTlac, es aris pirveli da

jerjerobiT erTaderTi publikacia, sadac Ven.4-is gadamweris nikoloz

nikrais mxatvrul-kaligrafiuli saqmianoba ganxilulia garejis samonas-

tro skriptoriumebSi moRvawe XVII-XIX saukuneebis mxatvar-kaligrafebis

samwignobre saqmianobis gverdiT.

amave `naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ pirvel wignSi, mixeil qavTa-

rias avtorobiT Sedgenili nakveTis garda, warmodgenilia filologos

ciala qurcikiZis mier momzadebuli Tavi saxelwodebiT `qarTuli bib-

lia~. aq avtors sakmaod detalurad aqvs daxasiaTebuli sxvadasxva

39 aqve, SeniSvnis saxiT davZenT, rom mixeil qavTarias Ven.4-Tan da H-1669-sTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi gamoTqmuli aqvs Cvens mier 2002 wels gamoqveynebul statiaze dayrdnobiT: `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 93-101).

37

qarTul xelnawerebsa Tu ZvelnabeWd wignebSi daculi bibliuri

sakiTxavebi nusxebi (qurcikiZe 2003).

nakveTSi mkvlevari sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas `qebaÁ

qebaTaÁs~ teqstze da aRniSnavs, rom `XII saukunis or xelnawers A-65-s

(1188-1210 ww.) da venis nacionaluri bibioTekis #4 xelnawers (1160 w.)

daculi aqvT solomonis qeba qebaTas ori sxvadasxva Targmani. venis

xelnaweris teqsti imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom mTargmneli Txzulebas

RvTismSoblis xotbad aRiqvams da qeba qebaTas, sxva Targmanebisagan

gansxvavebiT, amgvarad asaTaurebs: `qeba qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa

RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa solomonisgan~ (es Targmani gamocemulicaa _

z. sarjvelaZe, `mravalTavi~, X, 1983)~ (qurcikiZe 2003: 613)40.

amrigad, ciala qurcikiZem `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ Ven.4-Si dacul nusxas

aramxolod jerovani adgili miuCina qarTuli bibliuri mwerlobis

istoriaSi, aramed specialuri miniSnebac gaakeTa am nusxis saTauris

originalur Sinaarsze.

`naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ I wignis dastambvidan erTi wlis

Semdeg, 2004 wels, gamomcemloba `naTlismcemelma~ dabeWda `saqarTvelos

eklesiis kalendari 2005 wlisaTvis~. gamocemis pirveli nakveTi TiTqmis

mTlianad saTveo kalendars uWiravs, xolo meore nakveTSi

warmodgenilia wm. grigol noselis saRmrTismetyvelo, egzegetikur da

panegirikul TxzulebaTa Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi, sul _ eqvsi teqsti.

Txzulebebi gamosacemad moamzada mkvlevarTa jgufma TinaTin doliZis,

nino efremiZis, malxaz kobiaSvilis, eqvTime koWlamazaSvilis, gaxu

megrelauris, kaxa oRaZis, ana RambaSiZisa da medea Samugias

SemadgenlobiT. gamocemis saerTo redaqcia eqvTime koWlamazaSvils

ekuTvnis (wmida grigoli noseli 2004).

wm. grigol noselis dabeWdil TxzulebaTa Soris erT-erTia

egzetikuri xasiaTis `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ~ (wmida grigoli noseli

2004: 198-285). misi kritikuli teqstis dadgenisaTvis gamoyenebulia oTxi

qarTuli xelnaweri: A _ Ath.49, B _ A-55 (XI-XII ss.) (xelnawerTa aRweri-

40 aRniSnul detalze yuradReba gamaxvilebuli gvqonda Cvenc, odnav ufro adre, 2002 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi: `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g: 132).

38

loba (A) 1973, 150), C _ A-108 (XII s.) (xelnawerTa aRweriloba (A) 1976, 30),

dabolos, D _ W4 anu CvenTvis saintereso 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli

(wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 145).

sxvaTa Soris, am ukanasknelze sagangebod Cerdebian gamomcemlebi da

sqolioSi Catanili SeniSvnis daxmarebiT, ramdenime aucilebel

ganmartebas aZleven mkiTxvels: `W4-iT aRvniSnavT venis nacionaluri

biblioTekis qarTul xelnawers #4. `momiÃsenenis~ Targmanebis Semcveli

es krebuli grigol noselis TxzulebaTa arc erT bibliografiaSi

dRemde moxseniebuli ar yofila. mis Sesaxeb informacia mogvawoda

qeTevan asaTianma~ (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 145).

amave gamomcemelTa TqmiT, `momiÃsenenis~ Targmanebis teqstze

muSaobdnen: gaxu megrelauri (I-IV Tavebi), ana RambaSiZe (V T.) nino

efremiZe (VI T.), kaxa oRaZe (VII T.) da medea Samugia (VIII T.). maT teqsti

gadmoweres B xelnaweridan (igulisxmeba A-55 _ T. j.). ACD variantebi

(igulisxmeba Ath.49, A-108 da Ven.4 _ T. j.) daurTo eqvTime

koWlamazaSvilma~ (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 146).

amrigad, irkveva, rom gamomcemlebs, ufro zustad ki _ gaxu

megrelaurs, ana RambaSiZes, nino efremiZes, kaxa oRaZesa da medea

Samugias `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁs~ sruli teqsti A-55-dan

gadmouweriaT. rac Seexeba danarCen sam nusxas, maT Soris, garejul

krebulSi dacul teqsts, isini eqvTime koWlamazaSvils variantebis

saxiT Seuwyvia A-55-dan gadmowerili ZiriTadi teqstisaTvis.

anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁs~ Ven.4-Si

warmodgenil nusxaze, zemoT CamoTvlili mkvlevrebidan, uSualod

mxolod cnobil liturgistsa da filologoss eqvTime koWlamazaSvils

umuSavia da am nusxaSi dadasturebuli mravalricxovani variantuli

kiTxva-sxvaobebic swored mas daurTavs gamocemaSi ZiriTad nusxad

aRebuli A-55-is teqstisaTvis (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 198-285).

rogorc vxedavT, eqvTime koWlamazaSvilma, masTan erTad ki

mkvlevarTa mTelma jgufma gaxu megrelauris, ana RambaSiZis, nino

efremiZis, kaxa oRaZisa da medea Samugias monawileobiT kidev ufro

gaafarTova Ven.4-is filologiuri kvlevis areali, sagangebod

39

dainteresda aq daculi egzetikuri TxzulebiT `TargmanebaÁ

momiÃxenisaÁ~ da es ukanaskneli, sam sxva nusxasTan erTad warmatebiT

gamoiyena dasaxelebuli Txzulebis kritikuli teqstis dadgenisa da

gamocemisaTvis.

wm. grigol noselis saRmrTismetyvelo, egzegetikur da panegirikul

TxzulebaTa Zveli qarTuli Targmanebis gamoqveynebidan arcTu didi

xnis Semdeg, 2008 wels TbilisSi daibeWda I tomi krebulisa `SoTa

rusTavelis saxelobis stipendiantTa Sromebi~. krebulSi sxva

saintereso masalasTan erTad, Setanilia filologos vaxtang

imnaiSvilis qarTul da inglisur enebze Sedgenili werili ùZvelesi

qarTuli xelnawerebi ucxoeTis wignTsacavebSi~ (imnaiSvili 2008).

vaxtang imnaiSvilis dasaxelebuli naSromi Sedgeba Sesavali

teqstisa da sami nakveTisagan: 1. `gracis universitetis qarTuli

xelnawerebi~; 2. `venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebi~

da 3. `britaneTis muzeumis #11281 qarTuli xelnaweri~ (imnaiSvili 2008).

gansaxilavi statiis meore nakveTis dasawyisSi avtori mokled

mogviTxrobs venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi qarTuli

xelnawerebisa da maT Soris, garejuli krebulis biblioTekaSi

moxvedris istorias: `#1 xelnaweri 1873 wlis 8 maiss iyides 25 guldenad

antikvar goldSmidtisagan, ##2-3-4 xelnawerebi (#4 xelnawerSi

igulisxmeba garejuli krebuli _ T. j.) profesorma turkerma SeiZina

biblioTekisaTvis ucnobi antikvarisagan 1931 wlis 3 ianvars

aleqsandriaSi, dabolos, 1938 wlis 15 ivliss biblioTekam venaSi n.

kronegerisagan iyida #5 xelnaweri _ saxareba~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 10).

statiis meore nakveTis momdevno nawilSi vaxtang imnaiSvili rigri-

gobiT warmogvidgens venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xelnawe-

rebs da ramdenime winadadebiT axasiaTebs garejul krebulsac. mkvlev-

ris TqmiT: `#4 xelnaweri mravalTavis msgavsi krebulia, igi gadaweri-

lia 1160 wels kedvaSi, daviTgarejis maxloblad, nikolaoz nikras mier,

akinZulia 1570 wels mTavarepiskopos vlasas mier. xelnaweri 300 fur-

cels Seicavs, Tumca bolo gverds 306 aweria. naweria qaRaldze, asoebi

nusxuria. berZnuli minaweri 303-e furcelze gvauwyebs, rom es xelnaweri

ekuTvnoda mTavardiakon kleopas, SemdgomSi nazareTis mTavarepis-

40

kopososis, pirad biblioTekas. g. feraZis fiqriT, mTavrepiskoposis

sikvdilis Semdeg romeliRac antikvars mihyides aleqsandriaSi, sadac

1931 wels venis biblioTekisaTvis SeiZines~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 10-11).

rogorc vxedavT, vaxtang imnaiSvili Tavis 2008 wlis statiaSi or

adgilas Seexo Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. aqedan, pirvel

SemTxvevaSi, mkvlevarma mokled gagvacno garejuli krebulis venis

nacionalur biblioTekaSi moxvedris detalebi, xolo naSromis meore

adgilas SedarebiT ufro vrclad Seexo Ven.4-is kodikologiasTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.

aqve SevniSnavT imasac, rom vaxtang imnaiSvilis statiis is nawili,

sadac moTxrobilia garejuli krebulis venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi

moxvedris peripetiebi, TiTqmis sityvasityviT imeorebs mkvlevris mier 2001

da 2004 wlebSi gamocemuli wignebis Sesabamis adgilebs da amitom raime

samecniero siaxles ar Seicavs (Sdr.: imnaiSvili 2001; imnaiSvili 2004).

rac Seexeba garejuli krebulis aRwerilobas, aq avtors motanili

aqvs Ven.4-is mokle kodikologiuri daxasiaTeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv,

mTlianad amokrefilia grigol feraZis mier 1940 wels gamoqveynebuli

germanulenovani statiidan: `Über die georgischen Handschriften in Österreich~ (Sdr.:

feraZe 1940: 220-222, 226-232; feraZe 2004: 160-161, 164-170, 172-173, 176-181).

Sesabamisad, raime samecniero siaxles statiis arc es nawili ar Seicavs.

miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, vaxtang imnaiSvilis mier 2008 wels gamoq-

veynebuli werili mainc win gadadgmuli nabijia Ven.4-is samecniero Ses-

wavlis saqmeSi. marTlac, am publikaciis daxmarebiT, gacilebiT ufro

meti qarTveli da ucxoenovani mkvlevari gaecnoba venis nacionalur bib-

lioTekaSi dacul garejul krebulsa da mis saintereso Tavgadasavals.

2008 wels, vaxtang imnaiSvilis ganxiluli statiis Tanadroulad,

istorikosma darejan kldiaSvilma gamoqveyna pirveli nakveTi wignisa

`qarTuli samonastro sulTa matianeebi~. naSromSi saTanado gamokvle-

vasTan erTad, warmodgenilia sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qar-

TvelTa eklesiis sulTa matianis teqsti (kldiaSvili 2008).

dasaxelebul publikaciaSi avtorma yuradReba gaamaxvila sulTa

matianeSi mogvianebiT, XV saukunis II naxevarSi, Setanili mosaxseneb-

lebis fenaze da sagangebod Seexo aq warmodgenil xuntusZeTa ojaxis

41

wevrebs. mkvlevris TqmiT, sinas mTis sulTa matianeSi Setanil

xuntusZeTa saojaxo mosaxseneblebSi ìxseniebian ioane-yofili ioseb

xuntusZe, gognia xintusZe da misi Tanamecxedre mzeqali. am pirebis

Sesaxeb cnobebs vxvdebiT ierusalimur xelnawerTa minawerebSi, sadac

ioane xuntusZe xelnaweris Semkazmavad ixsenieba da ierusalimSi moRvawe

sasuliero piri Cans. ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos qarTuli

koleqciis XIII-XIV saukuneebiT daTariRebuli Jer. Georg. 6 xelnaweris

anderZidan irkveva, rom igi Seukazmavs ioane xuntusZes, romelic

mogvianebiT iosebis saxeliT berad aRkvecila ierusalimis aRdgomis

eklesiaSi. amis Taobaze vigebT mravalTavis tipis krebulis

`sanatrelis~ (Ven. Georg. 4) mosaxseneblidan, agreTve maqsime aRmsarebelis

RmrTismSoblis cxovrebis (A-40) anderZ-minaweridan, sadac igi aseve

aRdgomelad iwodeba da wignis mkazmavadaa dasaxelebuli. amave

anderZidan cnobili xdebian aRdgomel ioseb xuntusZis ojaxis wevrebi,

misi mSoblebi _ gognia, misi Tanamecxedre mzeqali da maTi Zeebi

xuxubiaÁ da lalaÁ, [asuli] n(a)Teli (A-40, 01r). aRsaniSnavia, rom am

xelnaweris gviandel momgeblad (SesaZloa iosebis Tanamedroved) Cans

vinme germanoz elmeliqisZe (A--40, 333r). es germanoz elmeliqisZe

SesaZloa iyo STamomavali im svimon elmeliqisZisa, romelic jvris

mamad unda yofiliyo XIV saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi...

sinas sulTa matianeSi Setanili xuntusZeTa saojaxo mosaxseneblebi

XV saukunis meore naxevriT TariRdeba, savaraudod, isini matianis

teqstSi sinas wm. ekaterines monasterSi yofnis dros aRdgomeli ioane-

yofili ioseb xuntusZis mier Tavad unda iyos Setanili~ (kldiaSvili

2008: 11-12).

rogorc vxedavT, darejan kldiaSvilma garejuli krebulis erT-

erTi minaweris teqsti, romlis Taobazec qvemoT gveqneba saubari,

warmatebiT gamoiyena ierusalimis aRdgomis taZarSi moRvawe erT-erTi

qarTuli sasuliero piris ioane-yofili ioseb xuntusZis biografiuli

detalebis dasadgenad.

marTalia, avtori ar icnobs Cvens mier 2002 wels gamoqveynebul

erT-erT statias, sadac SeZlebisdagvarad srulad gvaqvs aRdgenuli

ioseb xuntusZis biografiuli portreti (jojua 2002g: 102, 128-129), magram

42

aRniSnuli faqti, arsebiTad, ar cvlis suraTs. darejan kldiaSvilis

wigni miekuTvneba im iSviaT publikaciaTa ricxvs, sadac raime sakiTxis

Sesaswavlad sxva saistorio masalis gverdiT, Ven.4-is minawerebic aris

gamoyenebuli.

sul bolos, yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, vfiqrobT, aucileblad

unda davaxasiToT uSualod Cvens mier Sesrulebuli samecniero-

kvleviTi samuSaoebic. garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-minawerebis

Seswavlas 1990-iani wlebis meore naxevridan SevudeqiT. Cveni imJamindeli

kvleva mTlianad Ven.4-is Sav-TeTr fotopirze iyo damyarebuli. aRniS-

nul etapze Sesrulebuli samecniero kvleva-Ziebis ZiriTadi Sedegebi

sami statiis saxiT gamovaqveyneT 2001-2002 wlebSi. es publikaciebia: 1.

`saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi 1160 wels gada-

werili xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) anderZis mixedviT~ (jojua 2001; jojua

2002b); 2. `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi

gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g) da 3. `XII saukunis

garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) erTi minaweri da afxazeTis ucnobi

kaTolikosi barTlome (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.)~ (jojua 2002a).

Ven.4-isa da misi kolofonebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, CvenTvis

gansakuTrebulad warmatebuli gamodga 2002 wlis Semodgoma da 2003

wlis zafxuli. am periodSi SesaZlebloba mogveca, saerTaSoriso

organizacia INTAS-is mier axalgazrda doqtorantebisaTvis gacemuli

individualuri stipendiis daxmrebiT, ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi

samecniero mivlinebiT gvemuSava avstriaSi da adgilze Segveswavla

garejuli krebuli. daaxloebiT amave periodSi saqarTvelos mecnierebTa

akademiisagan miviReT orwliani samecniero granti, romlis farglebSic

vimuSaveT Temaze: `XII saukunis ori ucnobi garejuli xelnaweri da maTi

anderZ-minawerebi~.

aRniSnul etapze Sesrulebuli samecniero kvleva-Ziebis ZiriTadi

Sedegebi Sejamebuli gvaqvs 2003 wels gamoqveynebul kidev sam statiaSi.

CamovTvliT am publikaciebs: 1. `XII saukunis garejeli kaligrafi

nikoloz nikraÁ da mis mier gadawerili ori xelnaweri (Ven.4 da H-1669)~

(jojua 2003a); 2. `XII saukunis garejul krebulSi (Ven.4-Si) daculi erTi

dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis Sesaxeb (`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa

43

SeCuenebaÁ~)~ (jojua 2003b) da 3. `moqvis ucnobi episkoposi luka oZrxeli

(1360-iani ww.) da misi xuTi minaweri XII saukunis garejuli krebulis

(Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2003g).

winare periodisagan gansxvavebiT, CvenTvis ukiduresad warumatebeli

aRmoCnda 2003 wlis Semodgoma. am wlis oqtombris TveSi saqarTvelos

parlamentis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis erovnuli biblioTekis qarTve-

lologiis ganyofilebis samkiTxvelo darbazidan, yovlad gaurkvevel

viTarebaSi daikarga Cveni saqaRalde, sadac daculi iyo, praqtikulad,

mTeli is masala, rac ki 1997-2003 wlebSi Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebiT gvqonda

Tavmoyrili.

ufro konkretulad, saqaRaldesTan erTad daikarga: 1. garejuli

krebulis uklebliv yvela kolofonis teqnikuri aRweriloba, am

teqstebis gadmonawerebi dednis Sriftis dacviT da maTi Cveneuli

wakiTxvebi (Savi varianti, Sesrulebuli xelnaweris originalze

dayrdnobiT, venaSi yofnis Jams); 2. Ven.4-is anderZ-minawerebis sruli

korpusi, aRWurvili Sesabamisi aparatiT da gamzadebuli gamosacemad

(TeTri varianti, garedaqtirebuli avstriaSi yofnis dros da

gasrulebuli saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg); 3. garejul krebulsa da

mis kolofonebTan dakavSirebiT wlebis manZilze nagrovebi

mravalferovani masala: venaSi warmoebuli samuSao dRiurebi, TbilisSi

nakeTebi samecniero-kvleviTi xasiaTis Canawerebi, sxvadasxva saxis

baraTebi da sxv. (upiratesad, Savi variantebi).

sabednierod, dakargvas gadaurCa Ven.4-is dednidan gadmowerili

Txzuleba `moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs

dasabamiTgan gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~, romlis samecniero-teqnikuri

aparatiT aRWurvili da gamosacemad momzadebuli teqsti erT-erT

kompiuterul centrSi asakrefad gvqonda datovebuli.

saqaRaldis dakargvis faqtma uaRresad negatiuri gavlena moaxdina

Ven.4-isa da misi anderZ-minawerebis Semdgomi Seswavlis saqmeze. jer

erTi, TiTqmis mTlianad wyalSi Cagveyara wlebis manZilze gaweuli

uzarmazari Sroma da iZulebuli gavxdiT Tavidan mivbrunebodiT im

samecniero-kvleviT samuSaoebs, romlebic manamde erTxel ukve gvqonda

Sesrulebuli. garda amisa, absoluturad naTlad gamoCnda isic, rom

44

xelmeored wamowyebuli kvleva-Ziebis warmatebiT damTavrebis

SemTxvevaSic ki, Cvens mier miRebuli samecniero Sedegebi tolfardad

ver Secvlida dakarguls. marTlac, es ukanaskneli, ZiriTadad, garejuli

krebulis originalze muSaobis produqts warmoadgenda, xelmeored

wamowyebuli kvleva-Ziebis procesSi ki mTlianad xelnaweris Sav-TeTr

fotopirs unda davyrdnobodiT.

miuxedavad yovelive zemoTqmulisa, Cven kvlav davubrundiT Ven.4-is

samecniero Seswavlis saqmes da 2004-2008 wlebSi kidev sami axali statia

gamovaqveyneT. es statiebia: 1. `ramdenime axali cnoba moqveli

episkoposis luka oZrxelis (1360-iani ww.) biografiisaTvis~ (jojua 2004);

2. àrtanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis savedrebeli (XV s.)

ierusalimSi gadatanili 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is)

aSiebidan~ (jojua 2006) da 3. `gelaTeli monazonis _ levan IV dadianis

colyofilis nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis

savedreblebi (XVIII s-is I nax.) ierusalimSi gadatanili erTi garejuli

xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2008).

garda amisa, amave 2004-2008 wlebSi, ufro zustad ki, 2004 wels

gamovaqveyneT grigol feraZis erT-erTi germanulenovani statiis

qarTuli Targmani _ `qarTuli xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~.

aRniSnul naSromSi mama grigols warmodgenili hqonda venis

nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebisa da maT Soris, 1160

wlis garejuli krebulis sakmaod vrceli aRweriloba. statia

germanulidan Targmna xelovnebaTmcodne cisia kilaZem, Targmanis

redaqtoroba dimitri TumaniSvilma itvirTa, xolo komentarebi Cven

davurTeT publikacias (feraZe 2004).

amJamad, winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi, samecniero

sazogadoebas Tamoyrili saxiT vTavazobT Cvens mier 1997-2008 wlebSi

Sesrulebuli samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis ZiriTad Sedegebs.

45

$2. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4)

aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri analizi41

Ven.4 sxvadasxva Janris Tormeti sakiTxavisagan Sedgenil mozrdil

krebuls warmoadgens. xelnawers aqvs Tavisi kerZo, sakuTari saxel-

wodeba _ `sanatreli~, rac Zalzed iSviaTi movlenaa qarTuli mwignob-

robis istoriaSi. xelnaweris saxelwodebaze pirdapir migviTiTebs Ven.4-

is gadamweris mier garejuli krebulis 304v-ze Sesrulebuli anderZis

teqsti: `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis `sanatreli~ (feraZe

2004: 164).

Ven.4 `sanatrelis~ saxeliT aris moxseniebuli moqveli episkoposis

luka oZrxelis mier garejuli krebulis 3r-ze dawerili 1363 wlis

bolonakluli kolofonis teqstSic: `wigni ese `sanatreli~ xel...~.

(jojua 2003g: 34).

garda amisa, xelnaweri `sanatrelad~ iwodeba Ven.4-is erT-erTi

mkazmvel-ganmaaxleblis, urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase saakasZis mier

garejuli krebulis 305r-ze Sesrulebuli 1570 wlis vrceli minaweris

teqstSi: `Rirs viqmen me, urbnel mTavarebiskoposi vlasi, Sekazmad

wmidisa amis wignisa `sanatrelisa~ (feraZe 2004: 164).

Ven.4 qaRaldis xelnaweria da samas eqvs furcels (1r-306v) Seicavs.

TiToeuli furclis zoma, daaxloebiT, 31 X 25 santimetria. xelnaweris

qaRaldi sakmaod araerTgvarovania.

garejuli krebulis dasawyisSi warmodgenilia paginaciis gareSe

datovebuli e. w. sacavi furceli, romelsac, pirobiTad, 1rv-Ti

aRvniSnavT. furceli Ria TeTri feris, sqeli, uWvirniSno qaRaldisagan

aris gamoWrili da xelnawerSi, savaraudod, venis nacionaluri

biblioTekis TanamSromlebis mier, garejuli krebulis bolo

restavraciis dros anu 1930-ian wlebSia CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).

41 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002-2003 wlebSi dabeWdil sam statiaSi: 1. `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g); 2. `XII saukunis garejeli kaligrafi nikoloz nikraÁ da mis mier gadawerili ori xelnaweri (Ven.4 da H-1669)~ (jojua 2003a) da 3. grigol feraZe. `qarTuli xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~ (feraZe 2004).

46

Ven.4-is momdevno, agreTve paginaciis gareSe datovebuli furceli,

romelsac Cven, pirobiTad, 2rv-Ti aRvniSnavT, sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxis

qaRaldisagan aris damzadebuli. igi, sacavi furclis msgavsad, Ria TeTr

fers atarebs, Tumca, misgan gansxvavebiT, TvalSisacemad ufro Txelia.

WvirniSani arc am qaRaldze gvxvdeba. vinaidan 2rv-ze Sesrulebuli

ramdenime kolofonidan yvelaze ufro adreuli periodis teqsti _

mRvdelmonazon ioane munjis vrceli minaweri 1772 wliT TariRdeba

(jojua 2002g: 109-110), am furclis Ven.4-Si CarTvis droc, Sesabamisad,

1772 wlamde periodiT unda ganisazRvros.

xelnaweris momdevno samas ori furceli anu praqtikulad, mTeli

Ven.4 dawerilia SesamCnevad moyviTalo feris, kargad damuSavebuli

zedapiris mqone, sqel, maRalxarisxian qaRaldze. es ukanaskneli, masze

dawerili teqstis mixedviT, rasakvirvelia, garejuli krebulis

gadaweris Tanadroulia. qaRalds aranairi WvirniSani ar aqvs. misgan

gamoWrili TiToeuli furclis recto-verso-ze, Zveli qarTuli samwignobre

wesis Sesabamisad, amokawvris wesiT gavlebulia erTimeoris parale-

lurad ganlagebuli horizontaluri da vertikaluri xazebi. rogorc

cnobilia, furclis zedapiris amgvarad daxazvis tradicia teqstis

simetriulad daweris mizniT iyo SemoRebuli.

Ven.4-is rigiT samas mexuTe furceli (305rv) TeTri feris sakmaod

Txeli qaRaldisagan aris damzadebuli. dReisaTvis am furclis reqto-

verso-ze garkveviT ikiTxeba ramdenime kolofonis teqsti. maTgan, yvelaze

ufro adreul periods ganekuTvneba garejuli krebulis ganmaaxleblis

vlase urbnelis erTxel ukve naxsenebi 1570 wlis vrceli minaweri,

romelsac TiTqmis mTlianad uWiravs 305r-s zeda naxevari da am gverdis

Sua nawili (feraZe 2004: 164-165). minaweris qronologia da misTvis

SerCeuli aSkarad aqcentirebuli adgili, savaraudod, imaze migvaniSnebs,

rom 305rv Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi swored am kolofonis daweris mizniT

iyo CarTuli. Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom xsenebuli furceli

xelnawerSi CakinZuli iyo 1570 wels, uSualod vlase urbnelis mier.

xelnawers asrulebs rigiT samas meeqvse, e. w. sacavi furceli (306rv),

romelic, Ven.4-is dasawyisSi warmodgenili kidev erTi sacavi furclis

47

(1rv) msgavsad (ix.: zemoT), agreTve sqeli TeTri qaRaldisagan aris

gamoWrili da garejul krebulSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis

TanamSromlebis mier, 1930-ian wlebSia CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).

Ven.4-s ormagi paginacia aqvs. pirveli _ rveulebrivi, meore ki _

furclobrivi. pirveli, rveulebrivi paginacia xelnaweris gadamweris

xeliT aris Sesrulebuli, garejuli krebulis Sedgenis Tanadroulia

da tradiciuli xasiaTi aqvs. kerZod, kaligrafi garejuli krebulis

pirveli furclis recto-ze, zeda marjvena kuTxeSi svams ricxvi 1-is

aRmniSvnel asomTavrul grafema a (a)-s da amiT aRniSnavs pirveli

rveulis dasawyiss. momdevno Svidi furclis Semdeg, ufro zustad ki

Ven.4-is merve furclis verso-ze, qveda marcxena kuTxeSi igi kidev erTxel

svams imave grafema a (a)-s da amgvarad gvamcnobs, rom pirveli rveuli

anu rva furceli ukve dasrulda. amis Semdeg gadamweri momdevno,

xelnaweris rigiT mecxre furclis recto-ze gadadis da iq, zeda marjvena

kuTxeSi svams ricxvi 2-is aRmniSvnel asomTavrul grafema b (b)-s, rac

imis mauwyebelia, rom meore rveuli daiwyo. amas mosdevs mis mier imave

grafema b (b)-s dasma xelnaweris rigiT meTeqvsmete furclis verso-ze,

niSnad meore rveulis dasrulebisa da a. S.

aqve davZenT, rom garejuli krebulis gadamwers es asomTavruli

grafemebi, danarCeni teqstisagan gamoyofis mizniT, oTxive mxridan

dasmuli ganivi xazebiT, dekoratiuli wertilebiTa da mZimeebiT aqvs

gamSvenebuli. dReisaTvis am asomTavruli grafemebis mxolod erTi

nawiliRa ganirCeva SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT, maTi meore nawili

gadasulia, mesame nawili ki mogviano drois sarestavracio qaRaldis

qveS aris moxvedrili.

Ven.4-is meore, arabuli cifrebiT gakeTebuli paginacia, romelic

furclobrivad aRnusxavs mTels xelnawers, gacilebiT ufro martiv

princips efuZneba. mis avtors (an avtorebs) garejuli krebulis pirveli

furclis recto-ze, zeda marjvena kuTxeSi dasmuli aqvs cifri 1, meore

furclis Sesabamis adgilas _ cifri 2, mesame furcelze _ cifri 3 da a.

S. vidre xelnaweris bolomde. amasTan, sagulisxmoa, rom arabuli

paginacia gakeTebuli aqvs Ven.4-is sul bolo furcels anu 306rv-sac ki,

romelic, garejul krebulSi 1930-ian wlebSi, venis nacionaluri

48

biblioTekis TanamSromlebis mier aris CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).

Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom xelnaweris arabuli paginaciis

avtorebi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis TanamSromlebi arian da am

samwignobre operaciasac 1930-ian wlebSi asruleben. amJamad garejuli

krebulis paginaciisaTvis gamoyenebuli TiTqmis yvela arabuli cifri

garkveviT ikiTxeba.

garejul krebuls darTuli aqvs xelnaweris 2r-ze Sesrulebuli

`zanduki~, romelic, paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, ara XII saukunes,

aramed gacilebiT ufro mogviano periods miekuTvneba.

dReisaTvis Ven.4-is `zandukis~ teqsti xuTgzis aris gamoqveynebuli:

pirvelad _ 1889 wels, aristo quTaTeliZis mier, mcired Semoklebuli

saxiT (quTaTelaZe 1889); meored _ 1894 wels, aleqsandre cagarelis mier,

sruli saxiT (cagareli 1894: 44-52); mesamed _ 1940 wels, grigol feraZis

mier, germanuli Targmanis saxiT (feraZe 1940: 228); meoTxed _ 2002 wels,

Cvens mier, danawevrebuli saxiT (jojua 2002g: 106); xolo mexuTed _ 2004

wels, isev Cvens mier, oRond amjerad ukve sruli saxiT (feraZe 2004: 166).

winamdebare naSromSi kidev erTxel mogvyavs garejuli krebulis

`zandukis~ teqsti:

`zanduki ama wignisa.

a (1). SemoslvisaT(Â)s m{a}rxvaTasa, Tqm(u)li anastasi monazonisa.

b (2). T{a}rgm(a)n(e)b(a)Á momixs{e}neTa, Tqm(u)li gr(i)g(o)li noselisa.

g (3). aRdg{o}masa S(emdgoma)d amboris y(o)fisa, Tqm(u)li w(mid)isa

i(oan)e oqropirisa.

d (4). sakiTxavi am(a)Rl(e)bisa.

e (5). kiTxva-migeb(a)<Á>ni w(mid)isa basilisa da grigolisi.

v (6). cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á SiSvel-m(a)rT(a)lTa.

z (7). s(a)kiTx(a)vi w(mid)isa nisimasi.

À (8). SeCuÀneb(a)Á mwv(a)l(e)b(e)lTa{Á}.

T (9). q(e)b(a)Á q(e)b(a)ÁTa, iambikonad Tqm(u)li.

i (10). s(a)kiTx{a}vi S(o)bisa R(mrTisa)Á C(ue)nisa i(es)Â q(riste)si,

dekenbersa ke (25).

ia (11). s(a)kiTx(a)vi dionisios ariopagelisa.

ib (12). aRricxva welTa adamisiTg(a)nTa~ (feraZe 2004: 166).

49

`zandukSi~ CamoTvlili Txzulebebi garejuli krebulis teqstSi

sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aqvs dasaTaurebuli nikoloz nikrais. mog-

vaqvs Tormetive sakiTxavis nikraiseuli saxeldebani da iqve vuTiTebT

Ven.4-is im gverdebs, sadac iwyeba da mTavrdeba TiToeuli es Txzuleba:

1. 3v-41r. `Tqumuli ana|stasi monazoni|sa, sinelis(a)Á, Se|moslvisaTÂs

ma|rxvaTaÁsa da | meequsisaTÂs | fs(almu)nisa~ (feraZe 2004: 166).

2. 41v-177v. `Targm{a}neb(a)Á momiÃ|senisaÁ, Tqum(u)li | w(mid)isa

g(ri)g(o)li n(o)s(e)lis(a)Á~ (feraZe 2004: 166).

3. 178r-180r. àRvsebasa S(emdgoma)d am|boris yofisa. e|se sakiT|xavi ersa

z{ed}a ik|iTxevebis, Tqu|muli w(mid)isa m(a)misa C(ue)nisa i(oa)ne

oqro|pirisaÁ~ (feraZe 2004: 166).

4. 180v-186v. `w(mida)Ta S(ori)s m(a)misa C(ue)nisa | i(oa)ne oqropirisa, |

kostantinepo|lel mTavare|piskoposisaÁ, | sity(ua)Á amaRlebi|saTÂs

o(Âfl)isa C(ue)ni|sa i(es)Â q(ristes)a~ (feraZe 2004: 166).

5. 187v-208r. `sityÂs-geb(a)Á kiTxva-|migebiTi didisa | basilisi da

g(ri)g(o)li | R(mrT)ismetyuelisaÁ~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

6. 208v-224r. `SromaÁ da cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á sana|trelTa m(a)T SiSu|el-

marTalTaÁ | da w(mid)isa m(a)misa zo|simesi~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

7. 224v-234v. `cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á da moq(a)l(a)qob(a)Á w(mid)isa | nisimesi,

r(ome)li iy|o asuli mefi|sa egÂbtisaÁ | da iqmna m(a)masaxl|is udabnos

mZ|uvarTa z(ed)a, ri|cxÂT oTxasTa~42 (feraZe 2004: 167).

235r-249r. `moTxrob(a)Á w(mida)Ta | m(a)m(a)Ta mZuvarT|aT(Â)s, ricxÂT

oT|xasTa~.

8. 249v-254v. `wvalebisa winam|ZRuarTa SeCu|eneb(a)Á~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

9. 255r-266r. `qeb(a)Á qeba|TaÁ, SesxmaÁ | w(mid)isa R(mrT)ismS[o]be|lisaÁ

brZnisa | solomonisg(a)n~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

10. 266v-292r. ùwyebaTag(a)n | p(irue)lTa gamowu|lilviT Sekreb|uli

net(a)risa i(oa)ne|sg(a)n xucisa da mo|nazonisa damaske|lisa, sakiTxavi

SobisaTÂs o(Âfl)isa | C(ue)nisa i(es)Â q(ristes)a~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

42 #7 Txzuleba ori, praqtikulad, damoukidebeli sakiTxavisagan Sedgeba da amitom aq orive sakiTxavis saTauri mogvaqvs.

50

11. 292v-303r. `cx(o)reb(a)Á w(midi)sa dionosios | episkoposisa, r(omel)i

| iyo Ze sokratisi | da mTavari aTene|{l}TaÁ, r(ome)lsa ewoda | q(a)l(a)qi

brZenTaÁ. mo|TxrobaÁ j(ua)rcumi|saTÂs o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â

q(riste)sa~ (feraZe 2004: 167).

12. 303v-304r. `moTxrob(a)Á s(u)l mcire vasiloRrafisg(a)n, ricxÂsaTÂs

dasabamiTg(a)n gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~ (feraZe 2004: 177).

rogorc vxedavT, garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva Janris

Tormeti Txzulebis teqsti. aqedan, oTxi Txzuleba homiletikuri xasi-

aTis Zeglebs warmoadgens. es teqstebia: #1. `Tqumuli anastasi mona-

zonisa sinelisaÁ SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTaÁsa da meequsisaTÂs fsalmu-

nisa~43; #3. àRvsebasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa. ese sakiTxavi ersa zeda

ikiTxevebis, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisaÁ~44; #4.

`wmidaTa Soris mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisa, kostantinepolel mTa-

varepiskoposisaÁ, sityuaÁ amaRlebisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ qriste-

sa~45 da #10. ùwyebaTagan piruelTa gamowulilviT Sekrebuli netarisa

ioanesgan xucisa da monazonisa damaskelisa, sakiTxavi SobisaTÂs

oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ qristesa~46.

43 anastasi sinelis es Txzuleba berZnulidan qarTulad naTargmnia XI-XII saukuneebSi, cnobili qarTveli mwignobris Teofile xucesmonazonis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 245). homiliis teqsti Setanilia XII-XIX saukuneebiT daTariRebul ocdaaTamde qarTul xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 219). samwuxarod, am homiliis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 219).

44 wm. ioane oqropiris es Txzuleba Setanilia XI-XIX saukuneebis ocdaaTamde qarTul xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 86). samwuxarod, am homiliis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 86). sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnul gamocemaSi Setanili ar aris am homiliis kidev erTi nusxa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia vatikanSi daculi erT-erTi qarTuli xelnaweris SedgenilobaSi (TarxniSvili 1994: 294).

45 wm. ioane oqropiris es Txzuleba qarTulad naTargmnia XI saukunis cnobili mwignobris efrem mcires mier (kekeliZe 1980: 265-266). homilia Setanilia XII-XIX saukuneebiT daTariRebul ocze met qarTul xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 66-67). samwuxarod, am Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 66-67).

46 Txzuleba qarTulad naTargmnia giorgi mTawmidelis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 230). amas TvalnaTliv mowmobs Ven.4-Si warmodgenili teqsti, romlis saTaurTanac nikoloz nikrais xeliT Sesrulebulia nusxuri minaweri: `T(a)rgm(a)ni g(iorg)i~. wm. ioane damaskelis es homilia Setanilia XI-XIX saukuneebis ocdaaTamde qarTul xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 459). samwuxarod, am homiliis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili

51

erTgvarad gansxvavebuli xasiaTis teqstia Ven.4-is rigiT mexuTe

Txzuleba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, an homiletikuri an kidev, apokrifuli

Janris sakiTxavebs miekuTvneba: #5. `sityÂs-gebaÁ kiTxva-migebiTi didisa

basilisi da grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaÁ~47.

garejul krebulSi Setanili ori sxva Txzuleba an hagiografiuli

xasiaTis apokrifebs an kidev, wmindad hagiografiul sakiTxavebs

warmoadgens. es teqstebia: #6. `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT

SiSuel-marTalTaÁ da wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~48 da #7. `cxorebaÁ da

nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 459).

47 korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, qarTul xelnawerebSi warmodgenilia am apokrifuli Txzulebis ori redaqcia. aqedan, erT-erTi redaqcia `saxismetyuelebiTi sityÂsgebaÁ wmidaTa mRdelTmoZRuarTa basilisi da grigolisi~, gvxvdeba XII-XIII ss. ZeglebSi, xolo meore redaqcia am apokrifisa, romelic ufro axlos dgas slavur `Беседа трех святителей~-sTan, gvaqvs X-XI saukunis mravalTavebSi~ (kekeliZe 1980: 455). `X-XI saukuneebis mravalTavebze~ saubrisas mkvlevars mxedvelobaSi aqvs xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi ori xelnaweri: A-19 (bregaZe ... 1973: 58-71) da A-95 (bregaZe ... 1973: 361-393). imave korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, aRniSnuli sakiTxavi zemoT naxsenebi xelnawerebis garda, Setanilia apokrifuli xasiaTis krebul `margalitSic~ (kekeliZe 1980: 451-455). Tavad `margalitma~ Cvenamde moaRwia XVIII-XIX saukuneebis ramdenime nusxis saxiT. es nusxebia: S-1536 (baqraZe ... 1961: 337-338), A-1369 (SaraSiZe 1954b: 456-457), H-1296 (SaraSiZe 1948: 244-248), A-381 (bregaZe ... 1985: 108-118), agreTve, l. lopatinskisa (TayaiSvili 1898: 74-76) da mixiel sabininis (xaxanaSvili 1901: 428-429) naqoni xelnawerebi, S-3529 (bregaZe ... 1969: 68-69) da A-658 (Jordania 1902: 140-141). yovelive zemoTqmulTan dakavSirebiT, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos erTi metad mniSvnelovani faqti. kerZod, dReisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi myarad aris damkvidrebuli azri, rom `margaliti~ warmoadgens ara apokrifuli Janris, rogorc amas fiqrobda korneli kekeliZe, aramed homiletikuri xasiaTis krebuls (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 18, 21). Tu es mosazreba sworia da `margaliti~ marTlac homiletikur krebuls warmoadgens, maSin avtomaturad Cndeba kiTxva _ ramdenad marTebuli iyo korneli kekeliZis pozicia, roca basili didisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelis `kiTxva-migebiT sityvisgebas~ apokrifuli xasiaTis Zeglad miiCnevda? samwuxarod, dasmul kiTxvaze raime saboloo pasuxi jerjerobiT ar gvaqvs da amitomac winamdebare naSromSi am sakiTxze mets arafers vityviT. aq mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom gansaxilavi Txzulebis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, savaraudod, miekuTvneba korneli kekeliZis mier amave TxzulebebSi gamoyofil pirvel redaqcias.

48 korneli kekeliZis azriT, es Txzuleba warmoadgens hagiografiuli xasiaTis apokrifs. amave mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, aRniSnuli apokrifi cnobilia ori redaqciiT (kekeliZe 1980: 451). aqedan, pirveli redaqciis saTauria: `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ da saqmeni netarTa SiSvel-marTalTani, romelsa warvida zosime~. teqsti, ZiriTadad, daculia XVIII-XIX saukuneebis xelnawerebSi (bregaZe ... 1976: 230; bregaZe ... 1985: 175). rac Seexeba meore redaqcias, misi saTauria: `SiSuÀlmarTalTaTÂs, TxrobaÁ wmidisa basilisi evbolis mimarT, moZRurisa misisa~. es teqsti Setanilia A-65-Si (bregaZe ... 1973: 227). sakmaod mcired gansxvavebuli mosazreba aqvs enriko gabiZaSvils. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom CvenTvis saintereso Txzuleba warmoadgens ara hagiografiuli xasiaTis apokrifs, aramed wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 82-84, 207). amasTan, enriko gabiZaSvili dasaxelebuli Txzulebis Cvenamde moRweul nusxebs yofs or kimenur redaqciad. misi TqmiT, pirveli redaqciis saTauria: `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ da saqmeni netarTa SiSvelmarTalTani, romelsa warvida zosime~. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, am redaqciis teqsti Setanilia X-XIX saukuneebis eqvs qarTul

52

moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa nisimesi, romeli iyo asuli mefisa egÂbtisaÁ da

iqmna mamasaxlis udabnos mZuvarTa zeda, ricxÂT oTxasTa~49.

daaxloebiT msgavsi xasiaTis Txzulebaa Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi

warmodgenili #11 sakiTxavi, romelic an apokrifuli an kidev,

hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs warmoadgens: #11. `cxorebaÁ wmidisa

dionosios episkoposisa, romeli iyo Ze sokratisi da mTavari aTenelTaÁ,

romelsa ewoda qalaqi brZenTaÁ. moTxrobaÁ juarcumisaTÂs oÂflisa

Cuenisa iesÂ qristesa~50.

xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207). rac Seexeba meore redaqcias, misi saTauria: `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidaTa maT da sanatrelTa SiSvel-marTalTa da wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa zosime ganSorebulisa~. enriko gabiZaSvilis TqmiT, am redaqciis teqstma Cvenamde moaRwia XVI-XVIII saukuneebis mxolod ori xelnaweris saxiT (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207). sagulisxmoa, rom amave Txzulebis is nusxa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Setanilia Ven.4-Si, enriko gabiZaSvils miTiTebuli ar aqvs arc pirveli da arc meore redaqciis xelnawerebs Soris (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207). dReisaTvis, CvenTvis Zalian Znelia vTqvaT, sinamdvileSi, romel Janrs miekuTvneba garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti _ apokriful-hagiografiuls, rogorc amas fiqrobda korneli kekeliZe, Tu wmindad hagiografiuls, rogorc es miaCnia enriko gabiZaSvils. amitomac winamdebare naSromSi jerjerobiT Riad vtovebT CvenTvis saintereso Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. Tumca ki, aqve SevniSnavT, rom am Txzulebis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, savaraudod, miekuTvneba korneli kekeliZisa da enriko gabiZaSvilis gamoyofil pirvel redaqcias. Tu Cveni es bolo daskvna sworia, maSin miTiTeba am Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenil nusxaze aucileblad unda Sevides enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~ (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 207).

49 am Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis Taobaze qarTul istoriografiaSi ori gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs. korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, wm. nisimes `cxovreba~ hagiografiuli xasiaTis apokrifia (kekeliZe 1941: 412). aRniSnul mosazrebas ar eTanxmeba enriko gabiZaSvili, romelic, Tavis mxriv, miiCnevs, rom xsenebuli teqsti wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs warmoadgens (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 60, 82-84, 104, 299). Cveni kvlevis am etapze, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia, dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, visi mosazreba ufro sworia _ korneli kekeliZis Tu enriko gabiZaSvilisa. amitomac winamdebare naSromSi saerTod Riad vtovebT wm. nisimes `cxovrebis~ Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. samagierod, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT im faqts, rom gansaxilavi Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili nusxa, CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebis gamo, miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~, sadac jerovani saxiT aris CamoTvlili amave Txzulebis Semcveli sxva qarTuli xelnawerebi (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 207). dasasrul, SevniSnavT imasac, rom wm. nisimes `cxovrebis~ garejul krebulSi Setanili nusxa da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi sakmaod safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili filologos qeTevan asaTianis mier 2003 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi `nisimes cxovrebis~ XII saukunis ucnobi qarTuli nusxis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~ (asaTiani 2003).

50 korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, es Txzuleba apokrifuli xasiaTis Zeglia da ukavSirdeba pavle mociqulis erT-erTi mowafis dionise areopagelis saxels (kekeliZe 1980: 449-450). gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvs enriko gabiZaSvils. misi azriT, dionise areopagelis `cxovreba~ wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebia (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 175-176). dReisaTvis, Cven ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, realurad romel Janrs miekuTvneba garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti _ apokrifuls Tu hagiografiuls. amitomac winamdebare naSromSi Tavs vikavebT raime saboloo daskvnisagan da jerjerobiT Riad

53

rac Seexeba Ven.4-Si Setanil danarCen oTx Txzulebas, isini

egzegetikuri (#2), dogmatikur-polemikuri (#8), bibliur-himnografiuli

(#9) da istoriul-qronografiuli (#12) xasiaTis Zeglebs warmoadgens.

es Txzulebebia: #2. `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ, Tqumuli wmidisa grigoli

noselisaÁ~51; #8. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~52; #9. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ,

SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa solomonisgan~53 da #12.

vtovebT CvenTvis saintereso Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. enriko gabiZaSvilis dakvirvebiT, dionise areopagelis `cxovrebam~ Cvenamde moaRwia X-XIX saukuneebis TxuTmetamde qarTuli xelnaweris saxiT (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 175-176). samwuxarod, dasaxelebuli Txzulebis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, am xelnawerSi Setanili sxva sakiTxavebis msgavsad, miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~ (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 176-177).

51 am egzegetikuri Txzulebis avtoria wm. grigol noseli, razec pirdapir migviTiTebs Ven.4-Si Setanili teqstis saTauri. sakiTxavi qarTulad naTargmnia giorgi mTawmidelis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 224, 463). ufro dawvrilebiT am Txzulebis Sesaxeb ix.: `wmida grigoli noseli. saRmrTismetyvelo, egzetikuri da panegirikuli Txzulebebi~ (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 141-146, 198-285).

52 am Txzulebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix.: winamdebare naSromis Tavi II, $1. 53 Ven.4-Si Setanili sakiTxavebidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti. pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom garejul krebulSi es bibliuri wigni warmodgenilia aramxolod dialoguri formiT, rasac jer kidev aTonis 978 wlis bibliaSi vxvdebiT (kekeliZe 1980: 418-419), aramed _ iambikos saxiT. CvenTvis ucnob himnografs (nikoloz nikrais?) teqsti Tormetmarcvlian (5+7) taepebad aqvs dayofili. sayuradReboa isic, rom Ven.4-Si yoveli taepis pirveli xuTi marcvlis Semdeg dasmulia ori (an erTi) zeviT abrunebuli da oric qvemoT daxrili mZime, momdevno Svidi marcvlis bolos ki Sesrulebulia, rogorc Cans, taepis dasrulebis aRmniSvneli orwertili da xazi. am mxriv, garejul krebulSi Setanili es Txzuleba Zalzed saintereso unda iyos qarTuli himnografiiT dainteresebul mkvlevarTaTvis. miT ufro, rom Ven.4 gadawerilia garejSi anu im sasuliero centrSi, sadac daaxloebiT imave xanebSi damianes saxeliT Semonazvnebul mefe demetre I-s (1125-1156 ww.) SeTxzuli aqvs brwyinvale iambikoebi, maT Soris, saxelovani sagalobeli `Sen xar venaxi~ (kekeliZe 1980: 314-316; saqarTvelos ... 2000b: 131-132). Ven.4-Si Setanili teqsti dasaTaurebulia Semdegi saxiT: `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa solomonisgan~. maSasadame, CvenTvis ucnobi egzegetikosi (nikoloz nikrai?) `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ ganmartavs, rogorc bibliuri mefe-winaswarmetyvelis solomonis mier yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis Sesxmas, rac erTob originalur mosazrebas warmoadgens. magaliTisaTvis SevniSnavT, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisadmi srulebiT gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba hqondaT iseTi safuZvliani Teologiuri ganaTlebis mqone mecnierebs, rogorebic iyvnen korneli kekeliZe (kekeliZe 1980: 428) da grigol feraZe (feraZe 2001:. 103-113). maTi azriT, es bibliuri wigni warmoadgens ara yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis Sesxmas, aramed qalisa da vaJis siyvarulisadmi miZRvnil himns. vfiqrobT, motanili magaliTidanac ki naTlad Cans, Tu saRmrTismetyvelo TvalsazrisiT, raoden saintereso Zeglia garejul krebulSi warmodgenili `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti. aqve SevniSnavT im faqtsac, rom xsenebuli bibliuri wigniT didad iyo dainteresebuli zemoT ukve xsenebuli grigol feraZe. mkvlevarma `qebaÁYqebaTaÁs~ teqsti sagangebod Targmna Zveli ebraulidan da aRniSnuli Targmani 1932 wels gamoaqveyna parizSi, misive radaqtorobiT gamomavali Jurnalis `jvari vazisas~ furclebze (feraZe 1995: 152; feraZe 2001: 2001). `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti, Sesaba-mis gamokvlevasTan erTad, gamoqveynebulia zurab sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sar-jvelaZe 1983). 2003 wels `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ amave nusxis Sesaxeb ramdenime saintereso mo-

54

`moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs dasabamiTgan

gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~54.

garejuli krebulis Sedgenilobaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom aq

Txzulebebi kalendaruli wesis dacviT ar aris dalagebuli. anu

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Ven.4-Si warmodgenili sakiTxavebis

Tanamimdevroba ar Seesabameba im mkacrad gansazRvrul kalendrul rigs,

romelTa dacviTac es teqstebi mTeli wlis manZilze ikiTxeboda

saeklesio liturgiaSi monawile mRvdelmsaxurTa mier.

metic, garejul krebulSi Setanilia ramdenime iseTi Txzuleba,

romelsac aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs saeklesio liturgiasTan. magaliTad,

aseTi teqstebia: dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebisa

winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~; saistorio-qronografiuli sakiTxavi

`moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs dasabamiTgan

gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~ da sxv.

aRniSnuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Ven.4-is filologiuri

kvlevis ukve am etapze calsaxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garejuli

krebuli ar warmoadgens mravalTavis tipis xelnawers anu Zveli

sazreba gamoTqva ciala qurcikiZemac (qurcikiZe 2003: 613). dasaxelebuli ori public-kacia zemoT ukve dawvrilebiT gvqonda ganxiluli, amitom aq aRar SevCerdebiT maTze.

54 Ven.4-Si warmodgenili Tormeti Txzulebidan Cvens gansakuTrebul interss swored es istoriul-qronografiuli traqtati iwvevs. amJamad momzadebuli gvaqvs aRniSnuli teqstisadmi miZRvnili vrceli gamokvleva, romelsac uaxloes momavalSi SevTavazebT samecniero sazogadoebas. rac Seexeba winamdebare naSroms, aq mxolod imiT SemovifarglebiT, rom sruli saxiT warmovadgenT xsenebuli traqtatis teqsts: Txzulebis sruli qarTuli teqsti: `moTxrob(a)Á s(u)l mcire, | vasiloRrafis|g(a)n, ricxÂsaTÂs da|sabamiTg(a)n garda|srulTa welTaÁsa. | adamisiTg(a)n wyliT rRuna|dmdis gardaÃdes | welni oraTas oras | ormeocdaorni. | wyliT rRuniTg(a)n | v(idr)e godlisa Sene|badmde _ oTxas oc|daxuTni. god|lisa SenebiTg(a)n v(idr)e | abrahamisamde _ o|Txas ocdaxuTni. | a[bra]hamisiTg(a)n v(idr)e | gamoslvamde ZeTa | i(sra)ElisaTa _ oTxas | ocdaaTni. [e]gÂbtiT | gamoslviTg(a)n v(idr)e so|lomonis taZ[r]isa | Senebadmde _ SÂda[s] | ormeocdaa[T]SÂd|metni. solomonis | taZrisa Senebi[Tg(a)n] | v(idr)e tyueobadmde | i(sra)ÀlTa _ oTxas oc|daxuTni. [- -] x(olo) ju|mlad _ oTxaTas | rvaas oTxmocni. | tyueobiTg(a)n v(idr)e a|leqsandres mefo|bamde _ samas aTr|vametni. aleqsa|ndres mefobiTg(a)n v(idr)e | q(riste)samde _ samas samni. | erTbamad _ xuT aTas | xuTi weli. q(rist)esiT|g(a)n v(idr)e didisa kosta|ntine mefisamde _ sa|mas aTrvametni. | didisa kostantinesiTg(a)n | v(idr)e mixail mefisa, Te|ofiles Zisamde _ xu|Tas ormeocdaxu|Tni. erTbamad _ e|qus aTas samas same|ocdaxuTi weli. | Teofiles Zisa mixae|l mefisaÁTg(a)n v(idr)e | aleqsi komianosi|samde gardaÃdes | welni oras orme|ocdaxuTni. | x(olo) dasabamiTg(a)n v(idr)e moa|qamde gardaÃdes | welni equsaTas | equs{a}s da rvani. da odes e|se iTargmna, TÂÀ iyo | marti, indiktioni À | berZulado (8+1092=1100 w.) da a[m]a|s wlamde ig (13) [w]e[l]i | gardasrula. | daiwera xronikonsa | tla (331+780=1111 w.), indiktionsa e (5+1107=1112 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 177-178. Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 107-109).

55

qarTuli mwerlobidan kargad cnobil iseT liturgikul krebuls, sadac

didi saeklesio dResaswaulebisaTvis gankuTvnili, ZiriTadad, hagiogra-

fiuli da homiletikuri xasiaTis sakiTxavebi, swored kalendaruli

principiT iyo dalagebuli (Sdr.: maisuraZe ... 1999: 9-23)55.

gadavideT garejuli krebulis gadawerasTan dakavSirebul sakiT-

xebze. xelnaweris gadamweris vinaobis, gadaweris adgilisa da drois

Sesaxeb pirdapir miTiTebas gvawvdis Ven.4-is 304v-s zeda naxevarze

Sesrulebuli vrceli anderZis teqsti. kolofoni Sesrulebulia

garejuli krebulis ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT, nusxurad. ramdenime gra-

fema gadmocemulia asomTavruliT. anderZi, didwilad, dawerilia sin-

guriT, xolo qronikonisa da indiktionis ricxvebi gamoyvanilia Savi (?)

feris melniT. srulad mogvaqvs anderZis teqsti:

`saxeliTa R(mrT)isaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sa|natreli. daiwera

ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav | nik(olo)z nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa w(mid)isa m(a)misa

d(avi)Tissa, | garesjas, kedelsa (?), r(ome)lsa ewodebis saxelad | berTaÁ,

qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa | d(eme)tres g(iorg)isaze, welsa

mefobisa misisasa g (3). | daamyaren R(merTma)n mefob(a)Á misi saTnod

o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â q(ristÀ)s{a}, r(om)lisaÁ ars d(ide)b(a)Á

uk(uni)Ti uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n da Sa|v nikrasa SromisaTÂs k(urT)x(e)vaÁ

s(au)k(u)n(o)Á, a(me)n. | d(ide)b(a)Á R(merTs)a sr(u)lmyofelsa y(ovel)Tasa,

a(me)n. | me{u}feo, g(ua)k(urT)x(e)n~ (feraZe 2004: 164).

rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqsti pirdapir gvauwyebs, rom

garejuli krebuli gadawerili iyo vinme nikolozis mier: `daiwera

ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa...~.

55 gansxvavebuli mosazreba hqonda grigol feraZes. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, Ven.4 swored mravalTavis tipis krebuli iyo (feraZe 1940: 220-221; feraZe 2004: 160, 170). mogvianebiT, grigol feraZis mosazreba raime damatebiTi argumentis gareSe gaimeores vaxtang imnaiSvilma da darejan kldiaSvilma (imnaiSvili 2008: 10; kldiaSvili 2008: 11). Cven 2002 wels gamoqveynebul erT-erT werilSi sagangebod SevexeT grigol feraZis am mosazrebas da vfiqrobT, damajereblad vaCveneT, rom Ven.4 arcerTi niSniT ar miekuTvneba liturgikuli daniSnulebis mqone mravalTavebis jgufs. paralelurad amisa, xsenebul statiaSi hipoTezis saxiT gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom garejuli krebuli ufro kerZod sakiTxav wigns warmoadgenda da savaraudod, senakebsa Tu samartomyofeloebSi moRvawe monazvnebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili (jojua 2002g: 106).

56

amave anderZidan irkveva, rom nikolozs narTauli zedwodebac

hqonia56. mas metsaxelad nikrais eZaxdnen: `daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav

nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa... Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ~.

calke saubris Temaa anderZis teqstSi dadasturebuli sityva `Savi~,

romelic, erT SemTxvevaSi, Ven.4-is gadamweris saxelTan da

zedwodebasTan aris dawyvilebuli, xolo, meore SemTxvevaSi _ mis

zedmetsaxelTan: `daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa...

Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ~. Cveni dakvirvebiT, es sityva

amave anderZSi dadasturebuli sityva ùndoÁs~ msgavsad, sakuTari Tavis

damamcrobel Tu damakninebel termins unda warmoadgendes57.

garejuli krebulis anderZSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli misi

gadaweris adgilic: `daiwera... sanaxebsa wmidisa mamisa daviTissa,

garesjas, kedelsa (?), romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ...~. rogorc

vxedavT, Ven.4 gadawerili iyo garejis mravalmTaSi (`garesjas~), wm.

daviT garejelis lavrisa Tu udabnos monastris midamoebSi (`sanaxebsa

wmidisa mamisa daviTissa~) mdebare58, jerjerobiT daudgeneli tipis

56 Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi sityva `narTauli~ zedwodebas, zedmet saxels aRniSnavda, mag.: `Rirs viqmen me, glaxaki iovane, narTaulad berai, aRsrulebad wmidasa amas saxarebasa oTxTavsa~ (quTaTelaZe 1955: 2). saerTod, qarTul narTaul zedwodebebSi ori jgufi gamoiyofa. pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba zedwodebebi, romelTa mniSvnelobac met-naklebad gasagebia, mag.: giorgi grZeli (abulaZe 1973a: 236), saba kuti (SaraSiZe 1948: 292), miqael modrekili (bregaZe ... 1959b: 544), gabriel patarai (bregaZe ... 1973: 389), basili etratai (bregaZe ... 1973: 395) da sxv.). rac Seexeba meore jgufs, mas miekuTvneba iseTi zedwodebebi, romelTa sementikac daudgenelia, mag.: miqael marcla, antoni laxtara, daviT koWikaÁ, elempi goxazi, ioane ToÃabi (sxirtlaZe 1998: 72) da sxv. vinaidan Ven.4-is gadamweris zedwodebis warmomavloba ucnobia, is narTaul saxelTa meore jgufSi unda ganvixiloT.

57 sityva `Savi~ sxva mniSvnelobiT, kerZod ki, narTaul zedwodebad esmiT ilia abulaZesa (abulaZe 1973a: 362-363) da vaxtang beriZes (beriZe 1967: 223-224). isini iTvaliswineben XI saukunis erT-erTi xelnaweris anderZis teqsts: `daiwera wmidaÁ ese saxarebaÁ... ÃeliTa ubadrukisa da mwared co(d)vilisa Sav zaqariaÁsiTa~ (janaSvili 1908: 60) da kaligrafs `Sav zaqarias~ uwodeben. rasakvirvelia, `Savi~ narTauli zedwodebac SeiZleba iyos, magram, rig SemTxvevebSi, igi sakuTari pirovnebis damakninebel termins unda warmoadgendes, mag.: èse aRapni iqi-aqa dafanCulad ewernes da saWiro iyvnes saZebnelad. xolo me, brZanebiTa wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioanesiTa, Cemsa Sav dekanozobasa gardavweren dawyobiT~ (metreveli 1998: 191). Ven.4-is anderZSi `Savi~ ueWvelad sakuTari pirovnebis damamcrobeli termini unda iyos, radgan, sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi, gamodis, rom kaligrafi sakuTar Tavs erTdroulad ori zedwodebiT ixseniebda: `nikrai~ da `Savi~. aseT precedents ki qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi jerjerobiT versad mivakvlieT.

58 Ven.4-is anderZSi motanili fraza `wmida mama daviTi~, Sesabamisi konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, aSkarad gulisxmobs garejis mravalmTaSi moqmed erT-erT savanes, romelic atarebda wm. daviT garejelis saxels. dReisaTvis mkvlevarTaTvis am saxeliT cnobilia garejis mxolod erTi monasteri _ wm. daviTis mier daarsebuli uZvelesi qvabovani savane, igive wm. daviT garejelis lavra, sadac dRemde ixilveba

57

savaneSi (`kedelsa (?)~), romlsac saxelad berTas eZaxdnen (`romelsa

ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ~).

samwuxarod, anderZis im adgilas, sadac Sesrulebulia sityva

`kedelsa (?)~ melani TiTqmis mTlianad gadasulia, ris gamoc sityvis

zustad amokiTxva veRar xerxdeba. Tavdapirvelad, imedi gvqonda, rom am

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani adgilis amokiTxvas uSualod xelnaweris

dedanSi mainc movaxerxebdiT, Tumca, Cveni molodini fuWi gamodga.

gadasuli sityvis amokiTxva verc dedanSi ver SevZeliT. metic, am

adgilis danamdvilebiT garCeva verc venis nacionaluri biblioTekis

specialuri teqnikuri kabinetebis daxmarebiT movaxerxeT, romlebic,

Tavis mxriv, ultraiisferi sxivebiT iyo aRWurvili.

samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom garejuli krebulis an-

derZis es adgili sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT amoikiTxa grigol fera-

Zem. mis mier 1940 wels avstriaSi gamoqveynebul germanulenovan statiaSi

kolofonis es fragmenti Semdegi saxiT aris warmodgenili: `sanaxebsa

wmidanis saflavi. Cven sakmaod gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da migvaCnia, rom garejSi wm. daviTis saxels atarebda aramxolod wmidanis saflavis lavra, aramed misgan samxreTiT mdebare didi qavabovani savane, romelic dReisaTvis udabnos monastris saxeliT aris cnobili. ras emyareba Cveni amgvari mosazreba? daviwyoT imiT, rom udabnos monastris mTavari eklesiis CrdiloeTi kedlis freskul moxatulobaSi warmodgenilia qtitorTa rigi (X-XI ss.), romlebic taZris models sasoebiT miarTmeven maT win mdgom wm. daviT garejels (abramiSvili 1972: 69-77). daaxloebiT msgavsi suraTi gvaqvs amave monastris xarebis eklesiis moxatulobaSi (XIV s-is dasawyisi), sadac ninowmideli (?) episkoposi ioane taZris models, mTavar eklesiaSi warmodgenili qtitorebis msgavsad, mowiwebiT uwvdis imave wm. daviT garejels (abramiSvili 1972: 145). ratom miarTmeven zemoxsenebuli qtitorebi maTi safasiT gamokveTili Tu moxatuli eklesia-samlocveloebis models maincadamainc wm. daviTs? am kiTxvaze Cven erTaderTi pasuxi gvaqvs. rogorc Cans, udabnos monasteri wm. daviT garejelis saxelobisa iyo da amitomac qtitorebi sakuTar Rvawls swored mas avedrebdnen. Cveni dakvirvebiT, swored am mizeziT aixsneba is mravlismetyveli faqti, rom monastris mTavar taZarsa (X-XI ss.) da sadiakvneSi (IX s.) Sesrulebuli iyo ara romelime sxva wmidanis, aramed maincadamainc wm. daviT garejelis cxovrebis ferweruli cikli (abramiSvili 1972: 21-89). savaraudod, amave mizeziT aixsneba is faqtic, rom udabnos monastris sxvadasxva eklesia-samlocveloebsa Tu satrapezoSi uCveulo raodenobiT aris warmodgenili wm. daviT garejelis freskuli gamosaxulebebi (abramiSvili 1972: 101-114, 143-145). freskul nimuSebze dakvirvebis garda, zustad analogiur daskvnamde mivyavarT udabnos monasterSi gamovlenili warwerebis ganxilvasac. rogorc irkveva, adgilobrivi epigrafikuli fondis mniSvnelovani nawili, oTxmocamde savedrebeli teqsti swored wm. daviTisadmi iyo mimarTuli (kldiaSvili ... 1999: 97-375). yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom udabnos monasteri marTlac wm. daviT garejelis saxelze iyo daarsebuli. samwuxarod, werilobiTi wyaroebis uqonlobis gamo, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia, visaubroT imaze, Tu konkretulad ra saxis urTierTmimarTeba arsebobda Sua saukuneebSi wm. daviTis saflavis lavrasa da udabnos monasters Soris, romlebic, Cveni dakvirvebiT, erTi da imave wmidanis anu wm. daviT garejelis saxels atarebdnen.

58

w(mid)isa mamisa daviTissa. garesjas, kedvisa, r(ome)lsa ewodebis

soflad, berTaÁ~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (feraZe 1940: 226).

rogorc vxdavT, gansaxilavi adgilis grigol feraZiseuli da

Cveneuli wakiTxvebi sakmaod gansxavdeba erTmaneTisagan, risi ZiriTadi

mizezic, cxadia, teqstis dazianebaa. grigol feraZiseuli publikaciidan

Cven principulad ver gaviziarebT im debulebas, rom sityva `berTaÁs~

win ikiTxeba sityva `soflad~. marTlac, anderZis teqstze dakvirveba

aCvenebs, rom aq, marTalia, Znelad, magram mainc garCeviT ikiTxeba sityva

`saxelad~. rac Seexeba grigol feraZis mier gansxvavebuli saxiT

wakiTxul meore sityvas _ `kedvisa~, aq verc uarvyofT da verc

daveTanxmebiT mkvlevris mier SemoTavazebul wakiTxvas, vinaidan

anderZis dazianebuli adgili ar iZleva raime kategoriuli daskvnis

gamotanis uflebas59.

amrigad, jerjerobiT Riad vtovebT sakiTxs, Tu konkretulad ra

tipis samoRvaweo adgilsa Tu savanes ixseniebda nikoloz nikrai

`berTas~ saxeliT da Sesabamisad, gansaxilavi sityvis Cveneul

wakiTxvasac kiTxvis niSniT warmovadgenT winamdebare naSromSi.

rodis iyo gadawerili garejuli krebuli? dasmul kiTxavze pasuxs

kvlav Ven.4-is anderZi gvaZlevs: `daiwera... qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefo-

basa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa mefobisa misisasa g (3)~. kolofo-

nis teqstSi moxseniebuli mefe giorgi demetres-Zis zeobis sakiTxs

vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT, aq ki yuradRebas mxolod meore qronologiur

monacemze gavamaxvilebT da masze dayrdnobiT, aRvniSnavT, rom garejuli

krebuli gadawerili iyo tp (380) qronikons anu qristeSobidan 1160 wels

(780+380=1160 w.).

garejuli krebulis gadamweris vinaobis, gadaweris adgilisa da

drois dadgenis Semdeg Cven sagangebod gavecaniT saqarTvelosa da

ucxoeTSi dacul qarTul xelnawer wignTa sxvadasxva àRwerilobebsa~

59 samagierod, aRniSnuli sityvis grigol feraZiseuli wakiTxvis marTebulobasTan dakavSirebiT, savsebiT safuZvlian eWvs badebs is garemoeba, rom saxelwodeba `kedvis~ mqone arc savane da arc raime sxva toponimi dReisaTvis dadasturebuli ar aris garejis mravalmTis arc erT raionSi (Todria ... 1988: 117-119). miuxedavad amisa, grigol feraZis mosazrebas, rogorc Cans, srulad iziarebs filologosi vaxtang imnaiSvili, vinac Tavis 2008 wlis statiaSi aRniSnavs, rom Ven.4 gadawerilia `kedvaSi, daviT garejis maxloblad~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 11-12, 19).

59

Tu katalogebs da metad saintereso Sedegamde mivediT. aRmoCnda, rom

nikoloz nikrais Ven.4-is garda, kidev erTi xelnaweri wigni hqonda

gadawerili.

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnuli centris

qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis H koleqciaSi 1669-e nomriT daculi wm.

ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ erT-erTi nusxa, igive H-1669. aRniSnuli

xelnaweri H koleqciis xelnawerTa akademiuri àRwerilobis~ IV tomSi

paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, XII-XIII saukuneebiT aris daTariRebu-

li. amave àRwerilobis~ mixedviT, H-1669-is gadaweris adgili ucnobia.

samagierod, àRwerilobaSi~ motanilia xelnawerisaTvis darTuli erT-

erTi mcire anderZis teqsti da masze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnulia, rom H-1669

gadamweri vinme nikraia: `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven o(Âfal)o R(merT)o,

a(mi)n, romelman iSroma ese wigni~ (metreveli 1950: 96-97).

miuxedavad imisa, rom H-1669-s gadamweris vrceli anderZi ar axlavs

(wigns aklia Tavdapirveli Sedgenilobis pirveli TxuTmeti da bolo

ramdenime furceli), danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi, ise

rogorc Ven.4, nikoloz nikrais mieraa gadawerili.

am mxriv, yovelgvari eWvi gamoricxavs Ven.4-isa da H-1669-is ZiriTadi

teqstebis erTimeoresTan Sedareba. xelnawerebi absoluturad identuri

xeliT aris naweri.

amrigad, irkveva, rom nikoloz nikrai daxelovnebuli kaligrafi

yofila da XII saukunis II naxevarSi _ 1160 welsa da mis axlo xanebSi,

garejis mravalmTaSi ori xelnaweri wigni gadauweria: 1. krebuli

`sanatreli~, igive Ven.4; da 2. wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~, igive H-166960.

nikoloz nikrais mier gadawerili wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~,

garejuli krebulisagan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT ufro ukeT aris

Sewavlili filologosebisa da xelovnebaTmcodneebis mier. maTgan,

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia xelovnebaTmcodne vaxtang beriZe,

romelmac Zalian maRali Sefaseba misca nikoloz nikrais mxatvrul-

60 amrigad, sabolood dgindeba H-1669-is warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime ZiriTadi detali. kerZod ki, irkveva, rom wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ es nusxa gada-werili iyo mxatvar-kaligraf nikoloz nikrais mier, garejis mravalmTaSi, wm. daviT garejelis lavris midamoebSi, 1160 wlis axloxanebSi (Sdr.: metreveli 1950: 96-97).

60

kaligrafiul ostatobas. marTalia, am Sefasebebisas mkvlevari nikoloz

nikrais mier gadaweril mxolod kidev erT xelnawers, H-1669-s

eyrdnoboda, magram mis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi imdenad zustad

Seesabameba Ven.4-s, rom maTi moxmoba Tamamad SegviZlia rigorc H-1669-is,

ise garejuli krebulis dasaxasiaTeblad:

`nikrai _ kaligrafi. cxovrobda XII an XIII s-Si. Cven vicnobT mis

mier gadaweril erT wigns _ ioane sinelis e. w. klemaqss, romelic XI s-

Si berZnulidan gadmoTargmna eqvTime mTawmidelma. wigni (xelnaw. inst. H

1669) didi formatisaa (36,5 X 29 sm), 223 furclisagan Sedgeba (qaRaldia).

nikras xeliT naweria 16-215 furclebi (Tavis Tavs ramdensame

minawerSi axsenebs _ yovelTvis arSiaze: `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven

RmerTman amen~ _ furc. 114, 115, 171 da sxv.), danarCeni _ e. i. pirveli

TxuTmeti da bolo furclebi _ sxva xeliTaa gadawerili. es meore

kaligrafi rigiani ostati yofila, magram gansakuTrebuli ram

damaxasiaTebeli niSani araferi gaaCnia _ wers Savi melniT, or svetad,

daqanebuli, gadabmuli kuTxovani nusxuriT. sazedao asoebi zogi

melniTvea naweri, zogi singuriT. esaa, rom pirvel furcelze teqstis

svetebis sigane sxvadasxvaa _ yuisken mdebare svetebi ufro viwroa.

am kaligrafis gverdiT gansakuTrebiT mkafiod Cans nikras

Tavisebureba. misi naweri (nusxuriTve, yavisferi melniT, or svetad)

mowmobs, rom igi didi temperamentisa da fantaziis patroni unda

yofiliyo, Tanac, maincadamainc ar daudevda sayovelTaod miRebul

wesebs. jer TviT teqstia TiTqos mousvenari xeliT naweri:

kaligrafiulia, magram ufro Znelad wasakiTxi, vidre meore mwerlis

xeli; sityvebs Soris wertil-mZimeebia (Zalian `moqneuli~ mZimeebiT),

striqonebs zemoT da qvemoT sxvadasxva damatebiTi niSnebi (qaragmebis

garda), zogi talRovani xaziviT, zogi ayiravebul mZimeebiviT, zogan

patara wreebi SuagulSi Casmuli wertiliT. sazedao asoebi didi

`gaqanebiTaa~ Sesrulebuli _ yvela ornamentirebulia, didi, zogi Zalian

didic _ yvelas kidurebi xiStebiviT aqvs, asos moxazuloba horizon-

taluri `TaroebiTa~ da burTulebiTaa danawevrebuli, zogs foTlebi

ebmis, zogan (sadac Sekruli moxazulobaa) adamianis saxea Caxatuli.

aris sazedao asoebi, romlebSiac mTeli sityvaa Cawerili, sxvagan mTeli

61

sityva gadaxlarTuli sazedao asoebiTaa naweri. sazedao asoebi Tavisi

kudebiTa da xiStebiT xSirad iWreba teqstSi.

arSiebi farToa da zed uamravi sqolioa gamotanili: yvela

wvriladaa naweri, ise, rom teqsti raRac figurebs qmnis Tavisi ganla-

gebiT. zogan ganlageba martivia, safexurebiviT. magram erTgan (furc. 181)

arSiaze melniT adamianis figuris mTeli konturia Semoxazuli da

sqolios teqsti am konturs avsebs. am kacs saxe daxatuli aqvs da

gverdiT aweria: `mamai jerasime~. nikras fantaziisaTvis damaxasiaTe-

belia, rom jerasime cali xeliT yavarjens eyrdnoba, meoreSi ki uWiravs

patara sazedao aso, romliTac am gverdis teqsti iwyeba. ramdensame

adgilas sqolios teqsti jvarisebr figurebs qmnis, gvxvdeba arwivisa da

mamlis moxazulobaSi Cawerili sqolioebi, erTgan ki TxisTaviani kacis

konturSi (am fantastikur kacs aweria `vackaci~)61. amis gamo gverdebis

gaformeba dinamikuria, nikraÁ TiTqos sul ver egueboda verafers

mSvidsa da statikurs.

yvela es naxati mxolod kalmiTaa Sesrulebuli. nikraÁ kaligrafi

ki yofila, magram profesionali mxatvari ara. misi naxatebi ufro

xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebia. am ucnauri wignis furclebze TiTqos

xalxuri zRaprebis fantazia da xalxuri iumoric kia SemoWrili.

iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba xelnaweri, romelSiac gadamweris

individualoba ase mkafiod, uSualod da gulubryvilod Candes~ (beriZe

1967: 193-194)62.

61 nikoloz nikrais mier H-1669-is aSiebze Sesrulebuli naxatebidan, amjerad, mxolod TxisTaviani adamianis gamosaxulebas (159r) gamovyofT. naxats axlavs minaweri _ `vackaci~. ueWvelia, rom aq nikrais gamosaxuli hqonda qarTuli miTologiuri personaJi, nadirTmfarveli RvTaeba oCokoCi, igive vackaci. rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli zepirgadmocemebis oCokoCs, ise, rogorc Ven.4-is vackacs sxeulis erTi naxevari vacisa (mamali Txis) aqvs, xolo meore naxevari _ adamianisa (macaberiZe ... 1984: 623). es naxati mxolod eTnologebisaTvis ar aris saintereso. mas didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli monasticizmis istoriisaTvisac. marTlac, XII saukuneSi, garejeli mwignobari beris mier mis mier gadawerili xelnaweris aSiaze warmarTuli miTologiuri personaJis gamosaxvis faqti, nebismieri mizandasaxulobis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovan Strixs warmoadgens Sua saukuneebis qarTuli asketuri azrovnebisaTvis.

62 vaxtang beriZis mier Sedgenili es teqsti, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT, oRond av-torze miTiTebis gareSe, Setanilia 2007 wels dabeWdil `saqarTvelos marTlmadide-beli eklesiis enciklopediur leqsikonSi~ (nikrai ... 2007). amave teqstis Semiklebuli varianti, agreTve, avtorze miTiTebis gareSe, dabeWdilia `qarTuli sabWoTa encik-lopediis~ me-7 tomSic: `nikrai, XII an XIII ss. qarTveli kaligrafi. gadauweria ioane sinelis e. w. klemaqsi, r-ic XI s-Si berZnulidan Targmna eqvTime mTawmidelma. xel-naweri nusxuria, wers yavisferi melniT, or svetad, naweria mousvenari xeliT, Zneli

62

garejuli krebulis aSiebze daculia XIV-XIX saukuneebSi

Sesrulebuli asze meti minaweris teqsti. maTi erTi nawili saSualebas

gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT Ven.4-is Tavgadasavls aRniSnul periodSi. am

mizniT, garejuli krebulis kolofonebidan sagangebod gamovyofT

ramdenime teqsts.

Ven.4-is 305r-s zeda naxevrze, Savi feris melniT Sesrulebulia

zemoT ukve araerTgzis naxsenebi urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase

saakasZis vrceli nusxuri minaweris teqsti:

`d(id)eb(a)Á R(merTs)a srulmyofelsa y(ovl)isa k{e}Tilis(a)sa. Rirs

v|iqmen me, urbn(e)l mT(a)v(a)rebisk(o)p(o)si vlasi, Seka|zmad w(mid)isa amis

wignisa `s(a)natr(e)lisa~, r(ameTu) J(a)mTa sig|rZis(a)g(a)n g(a)nryunil da

uÃmar qmniliyo da C(ue)n | axl(a)d, brZ(a)n(e)biTa da j{e}rCin{e}biTa m(a)misa

C(ue)nisa, t|filel mT(a)v(a)rebisk(o)posisa b(a)rn(a)b(a)ÁsiTa, Ãel|vy(a)v

Sek(a)zm(a)d sal(o)cvel(a)d c(o)dvilisa s(u)lisa | C(em)isa da c(o)dv(a)Ta

C(e)mTa Ses(a)nd(o)b(e)l(a)d da y(ovel)Ta C(ue)n|Ta T(Â)sTa da n{a}TesavTa

micv{a}l(e)b(u)lTa S(e)s(a)nd(o)b|el(a)d da aw, g(eve)dr(e)bi y(ovel)Ta,

r(omel)nica ikiTxÂdiT w(midas)a | am(a)s wignsa, r(aÁT)a Ãs(e)n(e)b(u)l

v(i)qmn(e)b(o)deT w(mida)Ta | S(in)a l(o)c(ua)Ta Tq(ue)nTa, r(aÁT)a Tq(ue)nca

mo<Á>iRoT s(a)syide|li uxuvad mimniWeblisa mi(s)s y(ovel)Ta

R(mrT)is(a)g(a)n | da erTobiT Rirs viqmnneT s(a)s(u)f(eve)lsa c(a)Tasa, a(me)n.

| l(o)c(u)a y(a)vT m(a)misa b(a)rn(a)b(a)s(a)T(Â)s da C(ue)n s(u)lierTa

Z|maTaT(Â)s da C(e)m, c(o)dvilisa vlases(a)T(Â)s, r(omelma)n | w(mida)Á ese

wigni Sevhkazme. mr(a)v(a)li Wiri v|ixile, o(Âfalma)n uwyis. | Seikazma<Á>

w(mida)Á ese wigni q(roni)k(o)nsa snÀE(1570 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 164-165).

rogorc vxedavT, minaweris teqstSi moxseniebulia ori sasuliero

piri: kolofonis damweri urbneli mTavarepiskoposi vlase da Tbileli

mTavarepiskoposi barnaba. minaweridan cnobili xdeba isic, rom vlase

urbnels barnaba Tbilelis brZanebiT, safuZvlianiad ganuaxlebia

garejuli krebuli, romelic im droisaTvis dazianebuli da

sakiTxavia; sazedao asoebi ornamentiTaa Semkuli, kidurebi wvetiani aqvs, zog asos foToli ebmis, zogan adamianis saxea CarTuli, isini xSirad teqstSiac iWrebian. Sta-beWdileba iseTia, TiTqos am ucnauri wignis furclebze zRaprebis fantazia da xal-xuri iumoric ki SemoWrila. iSviaTia xelnaweri, sadac kaligrafis individualoba ase uSualod da gulibryvilod iCendes Tavs~ (nikrai ... 1984).

63

xmarebisaTvis gamousadegari yofila. kolofonis bolos miTiTebulia

misi daweris dro _ qronikoni snÀE(258) anu qristeSobidan 1570 weli

(1312+258=1570 w.).

minaweris teqstSi moxseniebuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebisa da maTi

saqmianobis Sesaxeb sakmaod mravalricxovani cnobebia daculi qarTul

werilobiT ZeglebSi.

daviwyoT vlase urbneliT. mas CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaro-

ebSi pirvelad XVI saukunis 60-ian wlebSi vxvdebiT. usaneTis wm. giorgis

xatis 1563 wlis axlo xanebiT daTariRebul warweraSi vkiTxulobT: `q.

niqozels vlasis da mSobelTa misTa (?) S(eundv)en R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~

(qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia Cvenia) (Jordania 1897: 404).

Tedo Jordanias samarTliani varaudiT, vlasi niqozeli da vlase

urbneli erTi da igive piri unda iyos. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, vlase

Tavdapirvelad niqozeli mRvdelmTavari iyo, mogvianebiT ki urbneli

mTavarepiskoposis kaTedra daikava (Jordania 1897: 404).

1566 wels qarTlis mefe svimon I-ma (1556-1569, 1578-1599 ww.) urbnisis

taZars ganuaxla mamis, mefe luarsab I-is (1527-1556 ww.) Sewiruleba. mefem

sigeli urbnel mTavarepiskopos vlases uboZa (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 195).

aRniSnul sabuTSi vlase moxseniebulia, rogorc `kaci zecisa da

angelozi queyanisa~ (Jordania 1897: 407). vfiqrobT, aqedan, naTlad Cans,

rom vlase urbneli am droisaTvis ukve didad pativdebuli sasuliero

moRvawe iyo.

vlase urbnelis Sesaxeb momdevno cnobebi 1570 wels ganekuTvneba.

rogorc irkveva, igi am droisaTvis ierusalimSi imyofeboda da wmida

miwaze daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvis iRwvoda.

vlase urbnelis wmida miwaze Casvlis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs

gvawvdis barnaba Tbilelis mier ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa

monastris kuTvnili `marxvanis~ aSiaze Sesrulebuli erTi kolofoni:

`Seikazma w(mid)a ese da sulTa ganmanaTlebeli `marxvani~ ÃeliTa urbni-

selisa mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa vlasisiTa da ÃeliTa Cem codvilisa

mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa barnabaÁsiTa... q(oroni)k(on)s snÀE(1570 w.)... amave

qoronikonsa movediT CuÀnca saqarTuÀloÁT~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)

(cagareli 1888: 168-169).

64

amrigad, vigebT, rom vlase urbneli wmida miwaze Cavida 1570 wels,

Tbilel mTavarepiskopos barnabasTan erTad. Cvens xelT arsebuli

masalidan irkveva, rom vlase urbnelma wmida miwaze yofnis dros Svidi

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni gaacxovela63.

aqedan, vlase urbnelma ori xelnaweri ganaaxla barnaba TbilelTan

erTad. esenia: `marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169) da `metafrasi~ (cagareli

1894: 51; mari 1955: 79-81). rac Seexeba danarCen xuT xelnawers, maT

restavraciaze vlase urbneli damoukideblad muSaobda. es xelnawerebia:

`TTvenis~ ori nusxa (cagareli 1888: 182; mefariSvili 1949: 231-232;

cagareli 1888: 166), `svinaqsari~ (Jordania 1897: 522-526; metreveli 1950: 82-

86), `Targmaneba ioanes saxarebisa~ (cagareli 1888: 186-188; Jordania 1892:

177-179) da oTxTavi (TayaiSvili 1991: 293-296).

Sesrulebuli samuSaos safasuri vlase urbnels jvris monastris

salarodan eZleoda. mas gasamrjelos uSualod barnaba Tbileli

uxdida, romelic, imavdroulad, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa

monastris winamZRvari anu jvaris mama iyo. aRniSnuli viTareba naTlad

aris aRwerili vlase urbnelis mier Sesrulebuli erT-erTi kolofonis

teqstSi: `Seikazma Ã(e)liTa urbnel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da

brZ(a)nebiTa, jer-CinebiTa da T(an)aSewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(o-

po)zisa da j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa... x(olo) xarji wignTa saZm(o)T da

samonastro iyvis, ara x(olo) mis wignisa, a(rame)d y(ovel)Ta wignTa,

ravdenica Seikazma Ã(e)liTa C(ue)niTa da m(a)misag(a)n moviRebdiT racaÁ

gÂÃmdis~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955: 80-81).

vlase urbnelis mier ganaxlebuli xelnawerebis kolofonebi

gvamcnoben, rom mRvdelmTavarma sami wigni 1570 wels gaacxovela. esenia:

`marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169), `svinaqsari~ (Jordania 1897: 522-526;

metreveli 1950: 82-86) da `Targmaneba ioanes saxarebisa~ (cagareli 1888:

186-188).

vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenili kidev sami xelnaweris kolofonebs

TariRi ar uzis. es xelnawerebia: `metafrasi~ (cagareli 1894: 51; mari

63 1936 (?) wels wmida miwaze myofma grigol feraZem sagangebod daZebna vlase urbnelis mier ganaxlebuli xelnawerebi da maTgan, mxolod sam wigns miakvlia. mkvlevris TqmiT, es xelnawerebi jvris monastris qarTul xelnawerTa aleqsandre cagareliseul àRwerilobaSi~ Setanili iyo, rogorc #77, #141 da #145 nusxebi (feraZe 1940: 227).

65

1955: 79-81), `Tvenis~ erT-erTi nusxa (cagareli 1888: 166) da oTxTavi

(TayaiSvili 1991: 236-297. 293-296). miuxedavad amisa, safiqrebelia, rom

urbnelma mRvdelmTavarma es xelnawerebi, pirveli sami wignis msgavsad,

agreTve, 1570 wels gaacxovela.

calke saubris Temaa XI saukunis `TTvenis~ kolofoni (cagareli

1888: 182; mefariSvili 1949: 231). am teqstSi miTiTebuli qronikoni

aleqsandre cagarelma waikiTxa, rogorc sni (1572 w.) da xelnaweris

aRdgenis faqti, Sesabamisad, 1572 wliT daaTariRa (cagareli 1888: 182).

garda amisa, mkvlevarma gaiTvaliswina vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenil

sxva xelnawerTa kolofonebSi miTiTebuli TariRi _ 1570 weli da vlase

urbnelis wmida miwaze yofnis dro 1570-1572 wlebiT gansazRvra

(cagareli 1888: 64, 169, 182, 261).

mogvianebiT aleqsandre cagarelis mier SemoTavazebuli

qronologia upirobod gaiziara mkvlevarTa erTma nawilma da vlase

urbnelis wmida miwaze moRvaweoba, agreTve, 1570-1572 wlebiT daaTariRa

(TayaiSvili 1991: 295; feraZe 1940: 227).

kidev ufro mogvianebiT, 1949 wels akademiuri saxiT gamoica

zemoxsenebuli `TTvenis~ kolofonis teqsti. rogorc am publikaciidan

irkveva, minawers TariRad dasmuli aqvs ara qronikoni sni (1572 w.),

aramed _ qronikoni snÀE(1570 w.) (mefariSvili 1949: 231). Sesabamisad, cxadi

xdeba isic, rom vlase urbnels XI saukunis `TTveni~, danarCeni Svidi

xelnaweris msgavsad, gacxovelebuli hqonda ara 1572 wels, rogorc amas

fiqrobda aleqsandre cagareli, aramed _ 1570 wels.

aRniSnuli monacemis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtomaturad viwrovdeba

vlase urbnelis ierusalimSi moRvaweobis qronologiac da sabolood

dgindeba, rom Cvenamde moRweuli werilobiTi cnobebis mixedviT,

urbneli mRvdelmTavari wmida miwaze imyofeboda ara sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi anu 1570-1572 wlebSi, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli,

aramed mxolod erTi wlis manZilze _ 1570 wels.

dasasrul, sagangebod unda SevexoT parizis nacionaluri

biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa fondSi daculi XIII saukunis oTxTavis

erT-erT kolofons, romelic Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis vlase urbnelis

66

biografiis Sesaxeb. kerZod, minaweri gvamcnobs, rom vlase urbneli

gvarad saakahsZe||saakasZe iyo (TayaiSvili 1991: 236-297, 295).

aRniSnuli cnoba gansakuTrebiT saintereso unda iyos saakaZeTa

feodaluri saxlis istoriiT dainteresebul mkvlevrebisaTvis. marTlac,

Cvens mier motanili masalidan naTlad Cans, rom saakaZeTa sagvareulo

saxli XVI saukunis Sua xanebisaTvis sakmaod dawinaurebuli iyo

sasuliero asparezze. am feodaluri ojaxis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli _

vlase, qarTlis samefos umaRles sasuliero wres miekuTvneboda. is 1560-

iani wlebis I naxevarSi niqozeli mRvdelmTavris kaTedras ganagebda,

xolo mogvianebiT, XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis II naxevarsa da 1570-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi ukve urbneli mTavarepiskoposis wodebas flobda.

vlase urbnelis msgavsad, sakmaod mravalricxovani cnobebi

mogvepoveba barnaba Tbilelis Sesaxebac. es ukanaskneli mRvdelmTavris

xarisxis miRebamde, savaraudod, qarTlis erT-erTi monastris

winamZRvari da samefo karis mwignobari iyo. marTlac, barnaba mdivan-

winamZRvrad iwodeba mis mier Sedgenil mefe svimon I-is 1561 wlis

sigelSi (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).

XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis meore naxevrisaTvis barnaba ukve

tfileli mTavarepiskoposis kaTedras ganagebda. miuxedavad amisa, igi

qarTlis samefo kars Zveleburad uwevda mdivan-mwignobris samsaxurs.

misi xeliT aris naweri svimon I-is mier sveticxovlisaTvis micemuli 1566

wlis Sewirulebis wigni (Jordania 1897: 408; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461), imave

mefe svimonis mier qvaTaxevis monastrisaTvis boZebuli 1567 wlis sigeli

(Jordania 1897: 408-409; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461) da sxva.

1570 wels barnaba Tbileli vlase urbnelTan erTad wmida miwaze

Cavida (cagareli 1888: 168-169). am droisaTvis mas Tbilisis mTavarepis-

koposobis garda, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris winamZRvroba

anu jvaris mamobac hqonda miRebuli. 1570 wels ganaxlebuli

`metafrasis~ minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `Seikazma w(mida)Á ese metaÃrasti

(sic) ... Ã(e)liTa urbnel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da brZ(a)nebiTa,

jer-CinebiTa da T(an)a SewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa da

j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955:

80). igives gvamcnobs sakuTriv barnaba Tbilelis mier aRdgenili `mamaTa

67

swavlanis~ kolofonic: `movacxovele wm(ida) ese wigni equsTa dReTa me,

c(odvilma)n pir(ue)l tfilelman da aw j(uari)sa cx(ove)lisa

monastrisa winamZR(uarma)n, uR(irsma)n barnaba<Á>{man}~ (qaragmis gaxsna

Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 180)64.

wmida miwaze yofnisas barnaba Tbilelma fasdaudebeli samsaxuri

gauwia ierusalimis qarTul kolonias. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, 1570 wels

vlase urbnelma misi brZanebiT, Svidi qarTuli xelnaweri wigni

gaacxovela. sagulisxmoa, rom barnaba Tbileli uSualod monawileobda

xelnawerebis aRdgena-ganxlebis procesSi. man vlase urbnelTan erTad,

ori xelnaweri gaacxovela: `marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169) da

`metafrasi~ (cagareli 1894: 51; mari 1955: 79-81). garda amisa, barnaba

Tbilelma damoukideblad aRadgina kidev ori xelnaweri: `giorgi

mTawmidelis cxovreba~ (Jordania 1892: 124; bregaZe ... 1959b: 409-411) da

`mamaTa swavlani~ (cagareli 1888: 180).

barnaba Tbileli, savaraudod, maleve dabrunda ierusalimidan. 1573

wels is ukve saqarTveloSi iyo da niqozis taZrisaTvis sigelsac werda.

sargis kakabaZis azriT, es sabuTi barnaba Tbilelis naTesavebis _

Tmogvel-ujarmel favnelisSvilebis mier unda iyos gacemuli. mkvlevari

sigelze dayrdnobiT, imasac SeniSnavs, rom 1573 wlisaTvis niqozis

saydari favnelisSvilTa sagvareulo saZvale iyo (kakabaZe 1913: 6-9).

is faqti, rom barnaba Tbileli gvarad favnelisSvili iyo, aranair

eWvs ar iwvevs. winarexis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis taZris saqtitoro

warweraSi vkiTxulobT: `saxeliTa<Á> R(mr)TisaÁTa<Á> da meoxebiTa wmi-

disa<Á> sionisa R(mr)TismSobelisaTa<Á>, Rirs viqmen me, codvili tfile-

li mTavarepiskopozi barnaba<Á> favnelisSvili, aRSenebad wmidisa<Á>

amis eklesiisa, salocvelad da sadidebelad mefeTmefisa sÂmeonisaTÂs

da salxinebelad codvilisa sulisa CemisaTÂs, qoronikons sov (1588 w.),

64 calke msjelobis sagania barnaba Tbilelis jvris mamobis qronologiuri mimarTeba winamZRvar epifanes jvaris mamobasTan, romelic, am wodebas, elene metrevelis dakvirvebiT, 1567-1593 wlebSi atarebda (metreveli 1962: 37-39). sainteresoa, Tu zemoT motanili 1570 wlis kolofonebis Sesrulebis dros jvaris mamobas barnaba Tbileli flobda, maSin amave periodSi, ufro zustad ki, 1567-1593 wlebSi, jvaris mamis wodebas rogorRa atarebda winamZRvari epifane? samwuxarod, aRniSnuli sakiTxi sakmaod scildeba Cveni amJamindeli interesebis sferos. amitomac aq metad aRar SevCerdebiT masze da am sakiTxis Seswavlas samomavlod movubrundebiT.

68

dasabamiTgan Ã[o] (1466 (?) w.)~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.). (beriZe 1943:

606-607).

Cveni dakvirvebiT, swored sagvareulo warmomavlobiT unda aixsnas

barnaba Tbilelis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba niqozis saydrisadmi.

cnobilia, rom barnaba Tbilelma ierusalimidan Camoitana da niqozis

taZars Seswira 978 wlis qarTuli xelnaweri wigni (Jordania 1892: 123-124;

SaraSiZe 1948: 292-293).

Tedo Jordanias dakvirvebiT, barnaba Tbilelma ierusalimidan

saqarTveloSi Camoitana kidev erTi xelnaweri _ wm. giorgi mTawmidelis

`cxovreba~ (Jordania 1892: 124). Cven ar viziarebT aRniSnul mosazrebas.

daviwyoT imiT, rom wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ 88r-ze

Sesrulebulia ori nusxuri minaweri: 1. `RmerTo, Seiwyale imereli

batoniSvili nino~ da 2. ùfalo, Seiwyale monazoni f(e)br<r>(o)nia,

a(me)n, a(me)n~ (teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe

... 1959b: 411).

am kolofonebSi dasaxelebuli pirebi moxseniebuli arian garejuli

krebulis aSiebze daculi sami minaweris teqstSic. Cven qvemoT

dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT am minawerebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. aq ki

mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom Ven.4-is es kolofonebi Sesrulebulia

XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi, wmida miwaze myofi guruli monazonis

febronia xevariZis mier. rogorc irkveva, monazonma febroniam

ierusalimSi yofnis dros sakuTari kolofonebi adgilobriv eklesiebsa

Tu monastrebSi dacul sxva qarTul xelnawerebsac daurTo. savaraudod,

am xelnawerTagan erT-erTi iyo zemoxsenebuli wm. giorgi mTawmidelis

`cxovreba~.

Tu Cveni msjeloba sworia da es marTlac ase Cans, maSin irkveva,

rom Tedo Jordanias mier naxsenebi wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovreba~

wmida miwidan saqarTveloSi Camotanili iyo ara 1570-ian wlebSi, barnaba

Tbilelis mier, aramed gacilebiT ufro gvian, savaraudod, XVIII-XIX

saukuneebSi, vinme ucnobi piris mier. yovel SemTxvevaSi, XVIII saukunis I

naxevarSi, monazon febronias ierusalimSi yofnis dros, wm. giorgi

mTawmidelis `cxovreba~ jer kidev wmida miwaze iyo daculi.

69

davubrundeT barnaba Tbilels, romelmac saqarTveloSi dabrunebis

Semdegac aqtiurad gaagrZela wmida miwis qarTul savaneebze zrunva. 1586

wels man sakuTari xeliT Seadgina kaxeTis mefis aleqsandre II-is (1574-

1605 ww.) mier ierusalimis jvris monastrisaTvis micemuli abreSumis

Sewirulebis wigni (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).

imavdroulad, barnaba Tbileli nayofierad iRwvoda sakuTari

eparqiis qonebrivi gaZlierebisaTvisac. 1580 wels man javaxiSvilebs

mcire saboZvari misca, sanacvlod ki maTgan, Tbilisis sionis

taZrisaTvis sami yma miiRo: mamula, batkua da daTua arjevanasSvilebi

(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461). manve 1592 wels TanRria baidrisSvilisagan

SeiZina yma-mamuli da isic Tbilisis sionis taZars Seswira (kldiaSvili

... 1991: 461). calke aRniSvnis Rirsia barnaba Tbilelis mier 1588 wels

winarexis eklesiis agebis faqti, romelic SemdgomSi Tbileli mRvdel-

mTavrebis umTavresi sadgomi iyo Sida qarTlSi (beriZe 1943: 606-607).

barnaba Tbileli aqtiurad monawileobda qarTlis samefos

sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSic. misi xeliT aris naweri

ufliswul ramaz-yofili romanozis mier qvaTaxevis monastrisaTvis

micemuli 1580 wlis sigeli (Jordania 1897: 419; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461),

iese-xanis mier siauS saakaZisaTvis boZebuli 1580 wlis wyalobis wigni

(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461) da sxv. barnaba tfileli, CvenTvis cnobil

werilobiT wyaroebSi, ukanasknelad, 1592 wlis sigelSi ixsenieba

(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).

wmida miwaze myofi vlase urbnelisa da barnaba tfilelis

erToblivi sarestavracio saqmianobis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs

gvawvdis barnaba Tbilelis mier Sesrulebuli erT-erTi kolofoni:

`Seikazma w(mid)a ese da sulTa ganmanaTlebeli `marxvani~ ÃeliTa

urbniselisa mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa vlasisiTa da ÃeliTa Cem, codvelisa

tfilel mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa barnabaÁsiTa, esre saxed, romel: me

vacxovlebd da daklebulsa davswerd da dafarulsa ganvacxadebd, xolo

igi hkazmavn da hkravn da ornive zogad viWirvodiT, ara xolo amis

wignisa, [aramed] y(ove)l(i)ve wignTa raodenica axlad ganvakeTeT~

(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 168-169).

70

daaxloebiT igives gvamcnobs vlase urbnelic: `Seikazma w(mida)Á ese

metaÃrasti... Ã(e)liTa urbn(is)el mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da

brZ(a)nebiTa, jer-CinebiTa da T(an)a SewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(o-

po)zisa da j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa. r(ameTu) me Sekrvasa da Sekazma-

sa viRuwid, x(olo) igi dabneleb(u)lTa m(a)T da uÃmar qmnilTa asoTa

g(a)naaxlebn da daRaTu akln werili, daswern da sr(u)l hyofn da esreT

zogad viWirvodeT da vSurebodeT~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari

1955: 80).

rogorc vxedavT, ama Tu im xelnaweris erToblivi aRdgena-

ganaxlebisas vlase urbneli sakuTriv xelnaweris Sekvra-SekazmviT iyo

dakavebuli, barnaba tfileli ki Selaxul teqsts acxovelebda. es arc

aris gasakviri. es ukanaskneli xom daxelovnebuli kaligrafi iyo da

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTlis samefoSi xSirad mdivan-mwignobris

movaleobasac asrulebda.

calke saubris Temaa maT mier damoukideblad ganaxlebuli

xelnawerebi. vlase urbnelma am gziT aRadgina xuTi wigni, xolo barnaba

tfilelma _ ori xelnaweri. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi,

mRvdelmTavrebi Tavad asrulebdnen rogorc wignis Sekvra-SekazmvasTan,

ise teqstis ganxleba-gacxovelebasTan dakavSirebul sarestavracio

samuSaoebs.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, vlase urbnelisa da barnaba Tbilelis mier wmida

miwaze restavrirebul qarTul xelnawer wignebs Soris, usaTuod unda

igulisxmebodes garejuli krebulic. aqve, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,

rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi xelnaweris ganmacxovelebelad moxseniebulia

ara orive mRvdelmTavari, aramed mxolod urbneli mTavrepiskoposi

vlase. rogorc Cans, garejuli krebulis restavraciiT uSualod vlase

urbneli iyo dakavebuli, barnaba Tbileli ki mas raime sxva saxiT

uwevda am saqmeSi Tanadgomas.

amrigad, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom vlase

urbnelisa da barnaba Tbilelis wmida miwaze yofnis Jams anu 1570 wels,

Ven.4 garejidan ukve ierusalimSi iyo gadatanili da erT-erTi

adgilobrivi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.

71

vlase urbnelis mier garejuli krebulis aSiaze Sesrulebuli

kolofoni xelnaweris wmida miwaze moxvedris TariRis garda, sxva

saintereso cnobasac gvawvdis Ven.4-is kodikologiis Sesaxeb. rogorc

misi teqstidan irkveva, 1160 wels gadawerili garejuli krebuli XVI

saukunis II naxevrisaTvis ukve Zalzed dazianebuli iyo da sakiTxavad

aRar gamoiyeneboda. xelnaweris aRdgena-ganaxlebis saqmes urbnelma

mTavarepiskoposma vlase saakasZem mohkida xeli, vinac 1570 wels

Tbileli mTavarepiskoposis barnaba favnelisSvilis brZanebiT,

safuZvlianad gaacxovela, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `Sekazma~ `JamTa

sigrZisagan ganryunili da uÃmar qmnili~ garejuli krebuli.

vlase urbnelis mier Sesrulebuli 1570 wlis minaweris ganxilvis

Semdeg Cven kvlav vubrundebiT garejuli krebulis kolofonebs da

maTgan sagangebod gamovyofT kidev erTi minaweris teqsts, romelic

saSualebas gvaZlevs, ufro metad davazustoT Ven.4-is wmida miwaze

moxvedris TariRi.

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs xelnaweris 120r-s marjvena aSiaze, pawawina

nusxuri asoebiT Sesrulebuli savedrebeli minaweri, romelic Semdegi

saxiT ikiTxeba:

`vaÁ, me, y(ovl)iT | c(o)dviT | savsesa | ambr(o)s(e)s. | o(Âfal)o i(es)Â

q(rist)e, | moixsene s(ul)i | p(a)tr(o)nisi qa|ixosrosi | wy(a)lobiT |

s(a)s(u)f(e)v(e)lsa | S(e)nsa~ (feraZe 2004: 181).

rogorc vxedavT, savedrebelSi moxseniebulia vinme patroni qaixosro

da kolofonis damweri ambrose. dasaxelebuli pirebis vinaoba da maTi

moRvaweoba qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis kargad aris cnobili. kerZod,

patroni qaixosro aris Tavisi drois gamoCenili politikuri moRvawe, sam-

cxis aTabagi qaixosro I (1498-1500 ww.), romlis Sesaxebac XV-XVI sauku-

neebis qarTul da ucxour wyaroebSi mravalricxovani cnobebia daculi.

XV-XVI saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi TvalsaCino

figuraa ambrosec. es ukanaskneli CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi

pirvelad XV saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ixsenieba. am droisaTvis samcxis

aTabagis karze aRzrdili ambrose ukve daxelovnebuli mxatvar-

kaligrafi iyo. man 1494 wels gadawera da mdidrulad Seamko

`fsalmunis~ erT-erTi nusxa. xelnaweris anderZSi vkiTxulobT: `gaTavdes

72

qoronikonsa rpb (1494 w.), aprilsa ke (25) ÃeliTa friad codvilisa

mwerlisa ambrosesiTa~ (bregaZe ... 1985: 70).

1500 wels aTabagi qaixosro I gardaicvala da samcxis mTavari misi

Zma, mzeWabuki (1500-1515 ww.) gaxda. axladaRsaydrebulma aTabagma

gadawyvita, aRmosavleT saqristianos samonastro centrebisaTvis aTabag

qaixosro I-is sulis mosaxsenieblad mdidruli Sewiruloba gaegzavna da

am saqmis aRsruleba ambroses daavala (menabde 1980: 50, 112, 226).

ambrose Tavdapirvelad aTonis mTaze gaemgzavra. aTonis

RmrTismSoblis qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wignis #162-e CanawerSi

vkiTxulobT: `Semdgomad amisa me, savaglaxo, aRzrdili kurTxeulisa da

suldidebulisa patronis qaixosrosi, ambrosi warmomavlina patronman,

Zmaman maTman mzeWabuk sruliad saberZneTad, iÀrusalems da sinasca

mravliTa s[a]qonliTa, dauwyeT gacema trapiz[o]ntiT kost[a]ntipolemdis

da kost[a]ntipoliTgan vidre ama wmidasa mTamde~ (metreveli 1998: 185).

amave saaRape wignis #163-e Canaweridan vigebT, rom ambrosem Tavadac

didi Rvawli dasdo aTonis qarTvelTa monasters: ègreTve aRzrdili

patronis qaixosrosi ambrosi didad Seewia ama mon[a]stersa, portaitisa

RmrTismSoblisa xati moWeda mZimed, missave ekklesiasa zeda pirRo

aRaSena da ga[a]magra TofiTa da sauZlure aRaSena misiT akazmulobiTa

da Romato metoqi misiT[a] wyalobiTa aSenda~ (metreveli 1998: 186).

aRniSnuli samsaxuris sanacvlod, samonastro Zmobam ambroses wirva-

locva da aRapi gauCina. sagulisxmoa, rom ambrosem zemoxsenebuli Canawe-

rebi sakuTari xeliT Seitana monastris saaRape wignSi (sxirtlaZe 1994: 11).

1990-ian wlebSi xelovnebismcodne zaza sxirtlaZem gamoTqva

mosazreba, rom ambrosem aTonze yofnis Jams sakuTari xeliT moWeda

portaitis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis xatis perangi (sxirtlaZe 1994:

19-20). Tu mkvlevris dakvirveba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom mxatvar-

kaligrafi ambrose Cinebuli oqromWedelic yofila.

aTonidan ambrose ierusalims gaemgzavra da adgilobriv sasuliero

centrebs aTabag mzeWabukis mier gamogzavnili Sewiruloba dauriga.

wmida miwaze Catanili Sewirulobis mniSvnelovani nawili ierusalimis

jvris qarTvelTa monasters gardacvlili qaixosro I-is salocavad

gadaeca. aRniSnuli ambebi gadmocemulia jvris monastris aRapebis e. w.

73

tiSendorfiseul nusxaSi. am nusxis #90 aRapis teqstSi adgilobrivi

qarTveli moweseebi mogviTxroben: `Cuena, juarelTa ZmaTa da daÁTa da

sruliad saR(mr)T(o)man krebulman, davdeviT ese wigni patronsa aTabagsa

mzeWabuks, kurTxeulisa maTis Zmisa qaixosros sulisa samlocvelod.

diadi saqoneli gamoegzavna maTisa gazrdilisa ambroses ÃeliTa da

mTawmidas da srulad saberZneTSigan mravali gaeca, agreve, ama sauflo-

Ta da wmidaTa adgilTa moiRo~ (metreveli 1962: 77). miRebuli Sewiru-

lebis sanacvlod, jvris monasterSi aTabag qaixosro I-is mosaxsenieblad

wirva-locva da aRapi daaweses.

wmida miwaze myofma ambrosem jvris qarTvelTa monasters sakuTari

saxeliTac misca Sewiruleba, risTvisac adgilobrivma moweseebma

ambroses saxeli samonastro sulTa matianeSi Seitanes da mas

mosaxseniebeli ganuweses. jvris monastris saaRape wignis #90 Canaweris

bolos aRniSnulia: àgreve ese yulai misis ymis ambroses ÃeliTa isaqma

da mogÂvida da erTi Tasi Semoswira juars patiosansa da kosromeli

hkra da erTi Ãari iyida sameÃreosa, sapatio da ama yul(a)ÁsaTÂs matiane-

Sigan CavwereT da mosaÃsenebelSigan. ambroses da misT deda-mamaT Seun-

dvnes RmerTman. TxuTmeti fluri Sesavlad moguca~ (metreveli 1962: 77).

elene metrevelis azriT, #90 aRapis Sedgena da Sesabamisad, ambro-

ses ierusalims Casvla, 1501 wliT unda daTariRdes (metreveli 1962: 133-

134). dReisaTvis aRniSnuli mosazreba mTlianad aris gaziarebuli qar-

Tvel mkvlevarTa mier (menabde 1980: 50, 112, 226; sxirtlaZe 1994 da sxv.).

ambrose sakmaod didxans darCa wmida miwaze. ierusalimis jvris

monasterSi yofnis dros man oTxTavis gadawerac ki moaswro: `da aw, ese

saxarebaÁ aRiwera codvilisa ambrosisagan iÀrusalems, monastersa

juarisa patiosnisasa, sadidebelad RmrTisa, mamisa, ZisaÁ da sulisa

wmidisa da salocvelad suldidebulisa patronis qaixosrosTÂs~

(metreveli ... 1957: 98)65.

65 calke aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom rom ambroses yofnis araviTari kvali ar Cans sinas mTaze. arada, aTonis qarTvelTa monastris saarape wignis #162 Canaweris mixedviT, mas aTonisa da ierusalimis Semdeg, sinas mTis monastrebisaTvisac unda Caetana Sewiruleba (96, 185). aRniSnul faqts yuradReba sagangebod miaqcia zaza sxirtlaZem. misi dakvirvebiT, ierusalimSi myofma ambrosem raime mizezebis gamo, mogzauroba Sewyvita da sinas mTaze aRar Cavida (sxirtlaZe 1994: 18).

74

Cveni dakvirvebiT, ambrosem garejuli krebuli swored wmida miwaze

yofnis dros anu 1501 wlis axloxanebSi moixila da sakuTari

savedrebelic maSin daurTo ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul eklesiasa Tu

monasterSi dacul am CvenTvis saintereso xelnawers.

Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da es marTlac ase Cans, maSin, irkveva,

rom Ven.4 garejidan wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels, rogorc

es zemoT gvqonda aRniSnuli, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, jer kidev

1501 wlis axloxanebamde periodSi.

zemoT ganxiluli XVI saukunis ori minaweris garda, garejul

krebuls darTuli aqvs kidev erTi nusxuri minaweris teqsti, romelic,

erTi mxriv, srulebiT adasturebs ambrosesa da vlase urbnelis mier

dawerili kolofonebis cnobebs, xolo, meore mxriv, mniSvnelovnad

azustebs maT Cvenebas Ven.4-is wmida miwaze gadatanis qronologiis

Taobaze.

xsenebuli minaweri Sesrulebulia garejuli krebulis 18v-s qveda

aSiaze. melani alag-alag adgilas gadasulia, ris gamoc teqstis

ramdenime fragmenti SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT aRar ikiTxeba. aRniSnuli

dabrkolebis gadalaxvaSi didi daxmareba gagviwia venis nacionaluri

biblioTekis teqnikurma kabinetebma, sadac ultraiisfiri sxivebis

daxmarebiT, srulad amovikiTxeT kolofoni. mogvaqvs minaweris teqsti:

`q. saSinelo w(mida)no adg(i)lno da saflao q(riste)so | da y(ovla)d

w(mida)o R(mrT)ismSob(e)lo, Seiwy(a)le s(u)li saw|[ya]li aRdgomeli

ios{e}b xuntusZisa, | mis{i} mSobli{s} mz[e]qa[l]isi~ (feraZe 2004: 181).

rogorc vxedavT, minaweris teqstSi moxseniebuli arian aRdgomeli

ioseb xuntusZe da misi deda mzeqali. ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris

qarTveli moZRvris, igive aRdgomeli ioseb xuntusZis saxeli da

moRvaweoba qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis sakmaod kargad aris cnobili.

igi daxelovnebuli mwignobari iyo. ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa

monastris `sawinaswarmetyvelos~ erT-erT minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `sulsa

ama w(i)gnisa mkazmavsa aRdgomelsa iosebs xuntus Zesa... missa mamasa

gobnasa da meuRlesa missa mzeqals S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~ (qaragmis

gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 153).

75

rogorc aRniSnuli minaweridan irkveva, ioseb xuntusZis mamas

saxelad gobna, dedas ki _ mzeqali erqva. Tavad iosebi xelnaweris

Sekazmvis dros aRdgomis taZris moZRvari iyo, ris gamoc is teqstSi

aRdgomelad aris moxseniebuli.

`sawinaswarmetyvelos~ minaweris cnobebs mniSvnelovnad azustebs

sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTvelTa eklesiis sulTa matiane.

aq, xelnaweris 196r-ze, matianis ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli

(ioseb xuntusZis?) xeliT Sesrulebulia ori Canaweri: 1. `s(u)lsa i(oa)ne-

yof(i)lisa iosebs xuntusZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~; da 2. `s(u)lsa

gogniasa xuntusZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n; missa meuRlesa mzeqals

S(eundvne)s~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (javaxiSvili 1947: 243. Sdr.:

kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112, 177). amrigad, irkveva, rom iosebis mamas saxelad

ara gobna, aramed gognia erqva. rac Seexeba Tavad aRdgomel mwignobars,

iosebi misi sabero saxeli iyo, eriskacobaSi ki mas ioane ewodeboda.

rogorc wmida miwis qarTuli xelnawerebis kolofonebidan vigebT,

ioseb xuntusZe samwignobro saqmianobas Semonazvnebamdec eweoda. jvris

monastris XIII-XIV saukuneebis erTi xelnaweri krebulis minawerSi

aRdgomeli mwignobari swored ioanes saxeliT iyo moxseniebuli:

`s(u)lsa ama wigni{s} kazmavsa i(oa)ne xutunZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~

(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955: 43. Sdr.: kldiaSvili 2008: 111).

ioseb xuntusZisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris qarTul xelnawerTa A koleqciaSi me-40

nomriT daculi xelnaweris, igive A-40-is vrceli kolofonic: `sulsa

amisa wignisa kazmavsa, aRdg[o]melsa iosebs xutunasZesaÁ Seundves

RmerTman; CuÀnTa mamasa gogniais xutunasZesa Seundves RmerTman; da

meuRlesa missa mzeqals Seundves RmerTman; ZeTa maTTa xuxubiaÁs,

lalaÁs da n˜Tls Seundves RmerTman, amin, amin, amin, kirieleison~

(bregaZe ... 1973: 122. Sdr.: kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112).

maSasadame, irkveva, rom ioseb xuntusZes hyavda sami Zma: xuxubiaÁ,

lalaÁ da kidev erTi piri, romlis daqaragmebuli saxelis (n˜Tl)

marTebulad wakiTxva jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba. calke saubris Temaa

iosebis gvari, romelic jvris monastris `sawinaswarmetyvelos~

minawersa da sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTvelTa eklesiis

76

sulTa matianeSi motanilia `xuntusZis~ formiT, xolo jvris monastris

XIII-XIV saukuneebis krebulisa da A-40-is minawerebSi _ `xutunZisa~ da

`xutunasZis~ formebiT.

ioseb xuntusZis biografiis Sesaxeb kidev ufro winaaRmdegobrivi

xasiaTis cnobebs gvawvdis jvris monastris `mamaTa cxovrebis~ erTi

kolofoni: `Semkazmeli ioseb yofili ionaÁ, mR(del)-monazoni xuntusZe~

(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 174).

Tu am kolofonis aleqsandre cagareliseuli wakiTxva sworia, maSin

gamodis, rom ioane-yofilma ioseb xuntusZem mogvianebiT kidev erTxel

Seicvala saxeli (?) da axla ukve iona ewoda, rac cota ucnauri Cans.

garda amisa, sakmaod gaugebaria isic, ratom moixseniebs ioseb xuntusZe

sakuTar Tavs ubralo mRvdel-monazonad, maSin, roca mas ukve miRebuli

aqvs ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris anu aRdgomelis maRali da

sapatio wodeba.

calke saubris Temaa ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis dro. aleqsandre

cagarelis dakvirvebiT, ioseb xuntusZe XVI saukunis moRvawe iyo

(cagareli 1888: 115).

gansxvavebuli mosazreba aqvs levan menabdes. marTalia, mkvlevari

pirdapir ar exeba ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis qronologias, magram mis

samwignobre saqmianobas sxva aRdgomeli mowesis maxarebelis moRvaweobis

Semdgomi periodiT gansazRvravs. levan menabdisave dakvirvebiT, ioseb

xuntusZis moRvaweoba qronologiurad win uswrebda aRdgomis taZarSi

damkvidrebuli kidev erTi piris _ xucesmonazon ioakimes samwignobre

saqmianobas. amasTan, mkvlevari maxarebelis aRdgomis taZarSi

mosagreobis qronologias 1400 wlis axlo xanebiT gansazRvravs, xolo

xucesmonazon ioakimes 1502 wlis axloxanebis moRvawed miiCnevs (menabde

1980: 144). aqedan, vfiqrobT, ukve avtomaturad gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom

levan menabdis azriT, ioseb xuntusZe 1400 da 1502 wlebs Soris periodSi

anu XV saukuneSi moRvaweobda.

ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis qronologias sul bolos Seexo

istorikosi darejan kldiaSvili, romelmac 2008 wels saTando

gamokvlevasTan erTad, gamoaqveyna sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris

qarTvelTa eklesiis sulTa matianes teqsti (kldiaSvili 2008).

77

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom ioseb xuntusZisa da misi ojaxis wevrTa

mosaxseneblebi Setanilia sinas mTis sulTa matianeSi. darejan kldia-

Svilma sagangebod miaqcia yuradReba aRniSnul Canawerebs da daadgina,

rom es mosaxseneblebi Sesrulebuli iyo XV saukunis II naxevarSi,

savaraudod, Tavad ioseb xuntusZis xeliT (kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112).

amrigad, irkveva, rom ioseb xuntusZe moRvaweobda ara XVI saukuneSi,

rogorc amas miiCnevda aleqsandre cagareli, aramed _ SedarebiT ufro

adre, XV saukuneSi, rogorc amas varaudobda levan menabde, ufro

zustad ki _ XV saukunis II naxevarSi, rogorc es daadgina darejan

kldiaSvilma.

davubrundeT ioseb xuntusZis samwignobre moRvaweobas. rogorc misi

xeliT Sesrulebul kolofonebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, aRdgomeli

moZRvari Cinebulad icnoboda imxanad ierusalimSi dacul qarTul

xelnawerebs da xSir SemTxvevaSi, sakuTar minawerebsac urTavda maT

aSiebs. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ioseb xuntusZem am xelnawerebis msgavsad,

swored aq, wmida miwaze moixila garejuli krebuli da sakuTari

kolofonic maSin daurTo ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul eklesiasa Tu

monasterSi dabrZanebul Ven.4-s.

Tu Cveni es dakvirveba sworia, maSin gamodis, rom garejuli

krebuli wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels an 1501 wlis

axloxanebSi, rogorc es zemoT gvqonda dadgenili, aramed cota ufro

adre, XV saukunis II naxevramde mainc.

XV saukunis II naxevridan moyolebuli, ramdenime aswleulis

ganmavlobaSi garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze inaxeboda da ierusalimis

erT-erTi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.

dReisaTvis Ven.4-is aSiebze daculia XV-XIX saukuneebis asze meti

minaweris teqsti, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom garejul krebuls didi

interesiT ecnobodnen da kiTxulobdnen rogorc wmida miwaze moRvawe

qarTveli moweseebi, ise saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli

momlocvelebi.

aRniSnuli minawerebi, romelTa didi nawili absoluturad ucnobia

samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis, uZvirfases cnobebs gvawvdis aramxolod

ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis, aramed zogadad, saqarTvelos eklesiis

78

istoriis Sesaxeb. winamdebare naSromSi Cven detalurad gvaqvs

Seswavlili Ven.4-is ramdenime, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi kuTxiT

gansakuTrebiT saintereso minaweris teqsti. rac Seexeba danarCen

kolofonebs, maTi Seswavla samomavlod gvaqvs dagegmili.

davubrundeT garejuli krebulis kodikologiasTan dakavSirebul

sakiTxebs. Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom `JamTa sigrZisagan ganryunili da

uÃmar qmnili~ garejuli krebuli 1570 wels safuZvlianad aRadgina da

gaacxovela urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma vlase saakasZem. am

sarestavracio samuSaoebis Catarebidan daaxloebiT oras ormoci wlis

Semdeg Ven.4 kvlav mZime fizikur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda da misi

xelmeored ganaxleba gaxda saWiro.

aRniSnul amocanas Tavi metnaklebi warmatebiT gaarTva wmida miwaze

moRvawe qarTvelma mRvdelmonazonma besarion qiotiSvilma, visi

samwignobre saqmianobis Sesaxebac qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis

sakmaod bevri ram aris cnobili.

besarion qiotiSvilis saxeli Cvens xelT arsebul werilobiT

ZeglebSi pirvelad XIX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi Cndeba. aq mxedvelobaSi

gvaqvs 1814-1815 wlebis TariRiani minawerebi, romlebic Sesrulebulia

Tavad mRvdelmonazon besarionis xeliT, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa

monastris xuTi xelnaweris aSiebze. es xelnawerebia: `paraklitoni~

(cagareli 1888: 171), `mamaTa cxovreba~ (cagareli 1888: 186), wm. ioane

sinelis `klemaqsis~ ori sxvadasxva nusxa (cagareli 1888: 181; cagareli

1894: 49) da `samociqulos Targmaneba~ (mari 1955: 12).

daaxloebiT amave 1814-1815 wlebs ganekuTvneba besarion qiotiSvilis

mier jvris monastris kidev sami qarTuli xelnaweris aSiebze

Sesrulebuli uTariRo kolofonebi. es xelnawerebia: `samociqulo~

(cagareli 1888: 182), `fsalmunTa Targmaneba~ (cagareli 1888: 189) da

`mamaTa swavlani~ (XII-XIII ss.) (mari 1955: 81).

zemoT CamoTvlili minawerebidan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia

`klemaqsis~ erT-erTi nusxisa (cagareli 1894: 49) da `fsalmunTa Targma-

nebis~ (cagareli 1888: 189) kolofonebi, sadac mRvdelmonazoni besarioni

sakuTar Tavs maRraZe-qiotiSvilis an mxolod maRraZis gvariT

moixseniebs.

79

besarion qiotiSvilis biografiis Sesaxeb kidev erT saintereso

cnobas gvawvdis `mamaTa cxovrebis~ kolofoni, sadac aRniSnulia, rom

besarioni warmomavlobiT saCiqvanodan iyo (cagareli 1888: 186).

dasasrul, zemoT dasaxelebuli minawerebidan naTlad Cans isic,

rom besarion qiotiSvili ierusalimSi yofnis dros anu 1814-1815 wlebSi

ukve berad iyo aRkvecili, mRvdlis xarisxs flobda da amitomac

sakuTar Tavs mRvdelmonazonis wodebiT moixseniebda (cagareli 1888: 181-

182, 189; cagareli 1894: 49; mari 1955: 81).

besarion qiotiSvili wmida miwaze sul bolos 1816 wlis kolofonSi

ixsenieba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs jvris monastris kuTvnili `klemaqsis~ XI-

XII saukuneebis nusxis minaweri, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom

mRvdelmonazonma besarionma es xelnaweri 1816 wels gaacxovela

(cagareli 1888: 178).

mogvianebiT besarion qiotiSvilma benediqtes saxeliT, ukve aTonis

mTaze gaagrZela moRvaweoba da iqaur qarTul kolonias Caudga saTaveSi.

aTonis mTaze gadasvlis TariRs mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili

benediqte pirdapir asaxelebs XI saukunis `mamaTa cxovrebis~ aSiebze

Sesrulebuli ori minaweris teqstSi: 1. `mTawmidas rom moved, iz (17)

weli ars. am monasterSi _ ig (13) weli ars~; da 2. ès wigni siZvelisagan

daSlili iyo da Sevakvrevie, rac geewyoboda da sxvac, r(ome)lic

[navzeda (?)] SeviZle, Sevkazme... Cylg (1833 w.). RvTismSoblis karis

mRvdelmonazoni~ (SaraSiZe 1954b: 90).

Tu citirebuli kolofonebi namdvilad besarion-yofili benediqte

qiotiSvilis mier aris dawerili, rac TiTqos ase Cans, maSin irkveva, rom

igi ierusalimidan aTonis mTaze 1816 wels Cavida, xolo 1820 wels ukve

karis anu portaitis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis, igive aTonis

qarTvelTa monasterSi damkvidrda.

am ambidan sul mokle xnis Semdeg, 1821 wels aTonis naxevarkunZuli

osmalo jariskacebma daikaves, ris gamoc berZeni moweseebis umravle-

sobam wmida mTa datova. aseT rTul viTarebaSi benediqte qiotiSvili

piradad Sexvda osmalTa sardals, warmomavlobiT qarTvel labut-faSas

da darbevisagan ixsna aramxolod qarTvelTa monasteri, aramed aTonis

mTis sxva savaneebic (kalinovski 1885: 44-45; menabde 1980: 236, 401).

80

sagulisxmoa, rom osmalTa mier aTonis okupaciis dros benediqte

qiotiSvili erTaderTi mRvdeli iyo, romelic qarTvelTa monasterSi

RmrTismsaxurebas asrulebda. XVIII saukunis berZnulenovani `locvanis~

erT-erT gviandel minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `drosa `Wyonia~ faSis Sesvli-

sasa laSqriT iveriis monasterSi, vinadgan misis SiSisa gamo sxva arvin

mowese mRvdelmonazoni berZenTagani aRar ipoeboda, mama venediqte amiT

asrulebda locvas berZnuls enazed, xolo saidumlos da yovels wess

RvTismsaxurebisas ekklesiaSi _ qarTuls enazed~ (kakabaZe ... 1949: 182).

benediqte qiotiSvili didad iRwvoda aTonze daculi qarTuli

xelnaweri wignebis gamravlebisa da gadarCenisaTvisac. 1824 wels misi

dakveTiTa da safasiT, imereTis mefe solomon II-is (1789-1810 ww.)

moZRvarma, imxanad aTonze moRvawe berma ilarion yanCiSvilma gadawera

wm. isaak asuris `swavlani~ (quTaTelaZe 1955: 169-170, 174, 177). garda amisa,

benediqte qiotiSvilma 1833 wels sakuTari xeliT ganaaxla ori qarTuli

xelnaweri: XI saukunis `mamaTa cxovreba~ (SaraSiZe 1954b: 90) da wm. ioane

sinelis `klemaqsis~ 893 wlis nusxa (cagareli 1886: 89).

1830-iani wlebis dasawyisSi aTonis mTaze berZeni moweseebi

dabrundnen da adgilobrivi qarTuli koloniis Seviwroebas Seudgnen.

1833 wels berZnebma qarTvelebi saerTod gandevnes qarTvelTa

monastridan da es ukanasknelnic iZulebulni gaxdnen, droebiT

damkvidrebuliyvnen wm. elia winaswarmetyvelis eklesiaSi. berZenTa mier

gamodevnil qarTvel moweseebs Soris iyo benediqte qiotiSvilic,

romelic imxanad ukve qarTvelTa monastris dekanozobas flobda

(SaraSiZe 1954b: 191).

wm. elia winaswarmetyvelis eklesiaSi damkvidrebuli benediqte qio-

tiSvili kvlav dauRalavad iRwvoda aTonis mTis qarTuli koloniis gaZ-

lierebisaTvis. misi mowafeebi iyvnen SemdgomSi cnobili aToneli berebi:

besarion qiqoZe (episkopos gabriel qiqoZis Zma), grigol ratiani, qristefo-

re axvlediani da sxvani (SaraSiZe 1954b: 84, 191; quTaTelaZe 1955: 170, 174).

mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvili 1862 wlis 9

marts, paraskev dRes aResrula (SaraSiZe 1954b: 191)

davubrundeT garejul krebuls. am ukanasknelis 8r-ze daculia

besarion qiotiSvilis mier Sesrulebuli mxedruli minaweri, sadac

81

avtori sakmaod sainteresod aRgviwers Ven.4-is rigiT meore restav-

raciis process:

`wmindano maman<n>o, vinac ixiloT, wminda da sasuliero wigni | ese

bevrgan damRaluli iyo, mravalgzis vTvale da gava{a}xle. meca vevedre |

u(fals)a amis mwerlis da mkiTxvelisaTvis, meca Sendoba mibZaneT, r(aT)a

Tqvenca Sen|<n>dobil iyvneT u(fli)sa mier. R(merT)o da cxovels myofe-

lo jvaro qristeso, <saflao qrste> | <[...]> saflao qristeso, S(eiwyal)e

b{e}sarion|<n>. q{ronikon}s Cyid (1814 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 176-177)66.

garejuli krebulis meore restavraciis TariRsa da detalebs kidev

ufro azustebs besarion qiotiSvilis mier Ven.4-is 41v-42r-ze

Sesrulebuli kidev erTi mxedruli minaweris teqsti:

ìeso qriste, S(eiwyal)e besarion, yovelTa kacTa usawya|lobelesi.

meoxebiTa RvTismSobelisaTa, Semiwyale me, codvi|li, u(fal)o ieso

qriste, R(merT)o Cveno. Ä(o)i, w(mid)a ese wigni mziT dav|Sale, davamzeure,

mravalgzis CavikiTxe. mxilvelni amisni S(eiwyal)e, | Rm(erT)o. 

batono mamano w(mindan)o, {u}brZaneT besarions Sendoba | da RmerTi

Tq{v}enca Segindobs, amin. | Cyig (1813 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 179).

amrigad, citirebuli kolofonebidan irkveva, rom mRvdelmonazonma

besarion qiotiSvilma 1813-1814 wlebSi sakmaod didi Rvawli gaswia

garejuli krebulis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvis. man mTlianad daSala da

`daamzeura~ anu mzeze gaaSro savaraudod, nestisagan dazianebuli

Ven.467. amis Semdeg besarion qiotiSvili ukve xelnaweris `damRalul~,

ufro zustad ki, damRilul anu Wiisagan daxrul-daCvretil (abulaZe

1973b: 117) furclebze gadavida da maTi dazianebuli kideebi sarestav-

racio qaRaldiT gaamagra. sul bolos, mRvdelmonazonma besarionma

66 aRniSnuli minaweris teqstSi motanili TariRi grigol feraZem SecdomiT waikiTxa

rogorc CyÁd anu 1864 weli (feraZe 1940: 227). Cven zemoT vaCveneT, rom besarion

qiotiSvili gardaicvala 1861 wels da amitom, is verafriT ver SeZlebda Ven.4-is kolofonis Sesrulebas 1864 wels. garda amisa, yovelgvar gaurkvevlobas gamoricxavs Tavad minaweris teqstic. aq srulebiT garkveviT ikiTxeba kolofonis daweris TariRi: Cyid anu 1814 weli.

67 am mxriv, Zalzed sayuradReboa grigol feraZis erTi cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi 1936 welsac ki umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo: daxeuli, dampali da erTimeoreSi areuli (feraZe 1940: 222). rogorc Cans, Warbi tenianoba da nesti aramxolod besarion qiotiSvilis dros, aramed XX saukuneSic umowyalod anadgurebda wmida miwis qarTul xelnawerebs.

82

saguldagulod gadaTvala daSlili garejuli krebulis furclebi da

xelnaweri isev Tavdapirveli saxiT akinZa. 1813-1814 wlebSi Catarebuli

sarestavracio samuSaoebis kvali, romelic dResac garkveviT emCneva

garejul krebuls, mTlianad adasturebs besarion qiotiSvilis kolofo-

nebSi gadmocemul detalebs.

sxvaTa Soris, garejuli krebulis kolofonebs sakmaod

mniSvnelovani koreqtivi SeaqvT besarion qiotiSvilis wmida miwaze

moRvaweobis qronologiaSic. marTlac, am minawerebidan cnobili xdeba,

rom mRvdelmonazoni besarioni ierusalimSi Cavida ara 1814 wels,

rogorc es zemoT ganxiluli saistorio masalidan Canda, aramed _ 1813

wels an, SesaZloa, cota ufro adrec ki. asea Tu ise, erTi ram faqtia.

1813 wels besarion qiotiSvili ukve namdvilad imyofeboda wmida miwaze

da aq daculi garejuli krebulis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvisac iRwvoda.

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is samecniero kvlevis process

safuZveli Cauyara XIX saukuneSi moRvawe qarTvelma leqsikografma da

siZveleTmcodnem niko CubinaSvilma, vinac 1845 wlis maisSi, wmida miwaze

mogzaurobis dros, sakuTari TvaliT moixila da mokled aRwera

ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris wignTsacavSi daculi

garejuli krebuli (cagareli 1894: 47, 50. Sdr.: quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3).

Ven.4-is niko CubinaSviliseuli aRweriloba ramdenime kuTxiT iqcevs

Cvens yuradRebas, Tumca mas gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs

garejuli krebulis kodikologiisaTvis. marTlac, masze dayrdnobiT,

danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1845 wlis maisSi Ven.4 jer kidev

wmida miwaze inaxeboda da ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi

iyo daunjebuli.

niko CubinaSviliseuli àRwerilobis~ Sedgenidan arcTu didi xnis

Semdeg, 1883 wels wmida miwaze imogzaura da adgilobrivi qarTuli

siZveleebi Seiswavla peterburgis universitetSi moRvawe qarTvelma

mecnierma aleqsandre cagarelma. aRniSnuli mogzaurobis Sedegebis

safuZvelze, mkvlevarma 1888 wels rusul enaze gamosca saetapo mniSvne-

lobis naSromi, saxelwodebiT: `Памятники грузинской старины въ святой

земле и на Синае~ (Цагарели 1888). dasaxelebul publikaciaSi aleqsandre

cagarelma sxva saintereso masalasTan erTad, `katalogis~ saxiT

83

warmoadgina metnaklebad sruli aRweriloba yvela im qarTuli

xelnawerisa, romelic misi wmida miwaze yofnis dros jer kidev

ierusalimis jvris monasterSi iyo daculi (cagareli 1888: 143-192).

aleqsandre cagarelis mier Sedgenil `katalogSi~ arsad Cans

CvenTvis saintereso Ven.4, romelic 1845 wels niko CubinaSvilma sakuTari

TvaliT moixila ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi. im faqts,

rom garejuli krebulis aRweriloba Setanili ar aris aleqsandre

cagarelis naSromSi, jer kidev 1940 wels miaqcia yuradReba grigol

feraZem, romelmac savsebiT samarTlianad daaskvna, rom Ven.4 1883 wels

ukve gatanili iyo ierusalimis jvris monastridan da misi aRwerilobis

Sedgenac amitom ver moaxerxa aleqsandre cagarelma (feraZe 1940: 227).

Cven srulad viziarebT grigol feraZis am dakvirvebas. garda amisa,

viTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom 1845 wels Ven.4 jer kidev

ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi iyo daculi da gamovTqvamT

mosazrebas, rom garejuli krebuli jvris monastridan gatanili iyo

1845-1883 wlebs Soris periodSi.

aleqsandre cagarelis `katalogis~ garda, grigol feraZem yurad-

Reba sagangebod miaqcia garejuli krebulis 303r-ze Sesrulebul

berZnul minawersac, sadac moxseniebulia mTavardiakoni kleopa:

`PIIC~. mkvlevris TqmiT, mTavardikonma, SemdgomSi _

nazareTis mTavarepiskoposma kleopam Cinebulad icoda qarTuli ena da

ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos gazeT `Nea Sion~-Si periodulad

aqveynebda statiebs wmida miwis qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb. grigol

feraZis dakvirvebiT, zemoT citirebuli minaweri calsaxad mianiSnebs im

faqtze, rom jvris monastridan 1883 wlamde gatanili garejuli krebuli

berZnuli kolofonis Sesrulebis dros ukve mTavardiakon kleopas

sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da mis pirad biblioTekaSi inaxeboda (feraZe

1940: 227).

aRniSnuli mosazrebis gamoTqmis Semdeg, grigol feraZe, raime

wyaroze miTiTebis gareSe, sakmaod dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs Ven.4-is

istoriis bolo monakveTs. misi TqmiT, mTavarepiskopos kleopas

gardacvalebis Semdeg, misma memkvidreebma garejuli krebuli vinme

aleqsandriel antikvars mihyides. am ukanasknelisagan ki qarTuli

84

xelnaweri 1931 wels venis nacionaluri biblioTekis gamgeobam SeiZina.

imave 1931 wels avstriaSi gadatanili garejuli krebuli venis

nacionalur biblioTekaSi sanimuSod aRadgines da Tavidan akinZes

(feraZe 1940: 227).

grigol feraZis mier gamoTqmuli es bolo mosazrebebi SemdgomSi

kidev ufro daazusta filologosma vaxtang imnaiSvilma. es ukanaskneli

guldasmiT gaecno venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi dacul qarTul

xelnawerTa `pirad saqmeebs~ da daadgina, rom garejuli krebuli, or

sxva qarTuli xelnawerTan _ Ven.2-Tan da Ven.3-Tan erTad, xsenebuli

biblioTekisaTvis profesorma turkerma, aleqsandriaSi, vinme ucnobi

antikvarisagan, 1931 wlis 3 ianvars SeiZina (imnaiSvili 2001).

grigol feraZisa da vaxtang imnaiSvilis mier gamoTqmuli

mosazrebebi garejuli krebulis istoriis bolo monakveTis Taobaze

savsebiT misaRebia CvenTvis. amitomac am mosazrebebs aranair damatebiT

komentarebs aRar gavukeTebT da amiT davasrulebT msjelobas Ven.4-is

kodikologiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

85

Tavi II. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4)

anderZ-minawerebi, rogorc saistorio wyaro

$1. saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is

aRsaydrebis TariRi68

XII saukune saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso

monakveTs warmoadgens da mZafri sazogadoebriv-politikuri

peripetiebiT xasiaTdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom es periodi samecniero

TvalsazrisiT, kargad aris Seswavlili, masTan dakavSirebuli mTeli

rigi sakiTxebisa jer kidev dasazustebelia. erTi am problemaTagania

saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRic.

giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRi dadgenilia akademikos ivane

javaxiSvilis mier69. mkvlevari sakiTxs pirvelad 1913 wels dabeWdili

`qarTveli eris istoriis~ II wignSi Seexo da safuZvlianad Seiswavla

igi. sakiTxze muSaobisas mas xelT hqonda ramdenime werilobiTi wyaro,

romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad aTariRebdnen giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis

faqts: vaxuSti bagrationis àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~70 da XVIII

68 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) anderZis mixedviT~ (jojua 2002b. Sdr.: jojua 2001).

69 samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRs ivane javaxiSvilamde ramdenime sxva istorikosic Seexo. maTgan, gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia Tedo Jordania, romelmac es sakiTxi vrclad ganixila 1892 wels dabeWdili `qronikebis~ I wignSi. dasaxelebul publikaciaSi mkvlevari daeyrdno mis xelT arsebul qarTul da somxur werilobiT Zeglebs _ samTavisis warweras, vardan arevelcisa da stefanos orbelianis Txzulebebs, XIII-XIV saukuneebis erTi qarTuli xelnaweris (A-85-is) kinklosis minawers da giorgi III-is mefed kurTxeva, ise rogorc mogvianebiT ivane javaxiSvilma, manac 1156 wliT daaTariRa (Jordania 1892: 252-259).

70 CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxze muSaobisas ivane javaxiSvili sargeblobda vaxuSti bagrationis (1696-1757 ww.) Txzulebis 1885 wlis, dimitri baqraZiseuli gamocemiT. Tavad TxzulebaSi naTqvamia, rom mefe demetre I-ma `...dasva Ze Tvisi daviT mefed da TviT monozon iqmna welsa 1150, qarTulsa 370 (1150 w.). aman Zeman dimitri mefisaman daviT imefa TTve eqvsi nebier, uSfoTvelad; Semdgomad mokvda welsa 1150, qarTulsa 370 (1150 w.). amasve qoronikonsa miicvala dimitri mefeca Semonazonebuli da Tamar daÁ misi TiRvas aRmaSenebeli eklesiisa da kata daÁ maTive berZenTa mefis coli. gamefda Zma daviT mefisa da Ze dimitri mefisa giorgi (rameTu Ze daviT mefisa dimitri mcire yrma iyo)~ (vaxuSti 1885: 188-189). rogorc vxedavT, vaxuSti bagrationi demetre I-is Semonazvnebas, daviT V-is gamefebasa da gardacvalebas, agreTve, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebas 1150 wels momxdar ambebad miiCnevs.

86

saukunis erTi qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis saistorio cnoba71 _ 1150

wliT, laSa-giorgisdroindeli mematiane72 _ 1154 wliT, igive mematiane

meoregan da haRarwinis warwera _ 1155 wliT73, vardan arevelci, stefanos

orbeliani da 1188-1210 wlebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis, igive A-85-is

kinklosis minaweri ki _ 1156 wliT (javaxiSvili 1913: 550-552).

ivane javaxiSvilma gaiTvaliswina am cnobebs Soris arsebuli

qronologiuri winaaRmdegoba da maTTan SedarebiT, upiratesoba mianiWa

samTavisis taZris lapidarul warweras, romlis Tanaxmadac 1168 weli

71 dasaxelebuli xelnaweri krebuli Sedgeboda erTad akinZuli ramdenime rveulisagan, romelTa didi nawilic dawerili iyo 1763-1793 wlebSi, garejeli mRvdelmonazonis germanes xeliT (TayaiSvili 1913: 35-46). krebulis bolo ori gverdze warmodgenili iyo qronologiurad dalagebul mokle saistorio cnobebi. aRniSnuli cnobebi winasityvaobiTa da SeniSvnebiT 1913 wels gamoaqveyna eqvTime TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili 1913: 54-66). ivane javaxiSvili CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxze muSaobisas swored am gamocemiT sargeblobda. dasaxelebul publikaciaSi vkiTxulobT: `da amave qo(roni)k(on)sa to (1150 w.) amdons miicvala dimitri mefe. da dajda mefed Svili misi d(avi)T. gangebisagan meti dRe ar edva. wlis gaTavebazed igic mok(u)da. da dajda mefed didi giorgi~ (TayaiSvili 1913: 63-64). rogorc vxedavT, giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis faqti dasaxelebuli xelnaweri krebulis cnobebSi, vaxuSti bagrationis msgavsad, agreTve, 1150 wliT aris daTariRebuli.

72 qarTul istoriografiaSi aRniSnuli Txzuleba daTariRebulia 1122-1223 wlebiT. igi sruli saxiT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mxolod erT, ana dedofliseul nusxaSia daculi. garda amisa, misi teqsti nakluli saxiT aris CarTuli WalaSviliseuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ XVI saukunis nawilSic (yauxCiSvili 1955: 015-016). `qarTveli eris istoriis~ II wignze muSaobisas ivane javaxiSvili anaseuli nusxis xelnaweriT sargeblobda, WalaSviliseul `qarTlis cxovrebas~ ki mkvlevarma mogvianebiT, 1923 wels miakvlia (yauxCiSvili 1955: 05). laSa-giorgisdroindeli mematiane giorgi III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb sapirispiro xasiaTis or cnobas gvawvdis. erTgan vkiTxulobT: mefe demetre I-ma `warvlo cxovreba, da miiwia srul-qmnili siberesa. Seimosa CoÃa da ikurTxa sqemiTa. dayo weliwadi erTi da mokuda. da dasues mefed Ze misi daviT. imefa equs Tue da mokuda. Semdgomad missa dajda Ze misive giorgi qronikonsa samas samocdaTxuTmetsa (1155 w.). amasve welsa demetre mefe mokuda, da daÁ demetresi Tamar, TiRÂsa aRmaSenebeli, igica Semonazonebuli gardaicvala~ (laSa giorgisdroindeli mematiane 1955: 366). cota ufro qvemoT Txzuleba gvamcnobs, rom `demetre mefe beltis cixes miicvala da gelaTs wariyvanes misganve kurTxeulsa axalsa monastersa. qronikoni iyo samas samocdaToTxmeti (1154 w.)~ (laSa giorgisdroindeli mematiane 1955: 367). amrigad, mematiane giorgi III-is gamefebas da demetre I-is gardacvalebas erTsa da imave wels momxdar movlenebad miiCnevs, Tumca ki, am or faqts erTgan _ 1155, xolo meoregan _ 1154 wliT aTariRebs.

73 wyaroTa am jgufSi SeiZleba SevitanoT mefe Tamaris meore istorikosis Txzulebac (XIII s-is I nax.), romelic giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas, agreTve, 1155 wliT aTariRebs: `dajda mefed giorgi, Ze demetresi, daviTis Svilisa, qoronikonsa samas samocdaTxuTmetsa (1155 w.)~ (basili ezosmoZRuari 1959: 115). rac Seexeba imas, Tu ratom ar gamoiyena ivane javaxiSvilma aRniSnuli cnoba giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis. saqme is aris, rom mefe Tamaris meore istorikosis Txzuleba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ WalaSviliseul nusxaSia daculi, es ukanaskneli ki ivane javaxiSvilma, rogorc ukve vTqviT zemoT, mxolod 1923 wels aRmoaCina (yauxCiSvili 1959: 015-016) da am nusxaSi dacul cnobasac, cxadia, ver gamoiyenebda 1913 wels dabeWdili `qarTveli eris istoriis~ II wignSi.

87

giorgi III-is zeobis me-12 indiktioni iyo. Sesabamisad, mkvlevarma giorgi

III-is aRsaydreba 1156 wliT daaTariRa (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552).

garda amisa, didma mecnierma damatebiT argumentad moixmo vardan

arevelcisa da stefanos orbelianis cnobebi, agreTve, XIII-XIV

saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis (A-85-is) kinklosis minaweri,

xolo kidev ufro mogvianebiT _ tbeTis saxarebis, igive Q-929-is

anderZic, romlebic am faqts, avtoris TqmiT, agreTve, 1156 wliT

gansazRvravdnen (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552; javaxiSvili 1948: 229).

Cven savsebiT viziarebT ivane javaxiSvilis frTxil

damokidebulebas werilobiTi wyaroebisadmi. misaRebia misi principic _

winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTis cnobebs Soris upiratesoba aRweril

movlenebTan qronologiurad yvelaze ufro axlos mdgom cnobas mieces.

am mxriv, samTavisis warweras marTlac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs

giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis, magram ramdenad

marTebulia mosazreba, rom es warwera, ise, rogorc mkvlevris mier

moxmobili sxva wyaroebi, am faqts maincdamainc 1156 wliT gansazRvravs?

Cven kritikulad SeviswavleT es cnobebi da sxvagvar daskvnamde

mivediT.

samTavisis lapidaruli warwera Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `q. x(a)to

R{mr}T{ae}b{i}s{a}o, ad{i}de(?) S{e}n m[ier] d(a)my(a)r(e)b(u)li Z(lieri)(?) da

uZ(le)v(e)li R{mr}T{i}v gÂrgÂn(o)s(a)ni, y(ovl)isa aRm{o}s{a}vl{e}Tisa

m(e)f(e)T-m(e)fe g(iorg)i. me, i{ova}ne s[(a)mT(avnel)m(a)]n(?), m(e)f(o)bisa m(a)-

T(i)s{a} m(iwama)n(?), aRv{a}S{e}n{e} k(a)risbWe ese s(a)l(o)cv(e)l(a)d m{e}f{o}-

bisa m{a}Tisa, [in]d(i)kt(io)nsa m{e}f{o}bisa m(a)Tis(a)sa ib (12). q(oroni)k(o)-

ni iyo tpÀ (1168 w.)~ (wakiTxva, damyarebuli warweris givi soxaSvilise-

ul grafikul pirze da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (soxaSvili 1968: 193)74.

74 warweriani qva Tavdapirvelad Cadgmuli unda yofiliyo taZaris dasavleT karibWis frontonSi. mogvianebiT, XIX saukunis sarestavracio samuSaoebisas karibWe saerTod aiRes, xolo warwera eklesiis dasavleT fasadSi, kars zemoT CaaSenes. misi Svidstriqoniani asomTavruli teqsti pirvelad 1851 wels mari brosem gamosca. publikaciaSi ramdenime adgili mcdarad aris wakiTxuli (soxaSvili 1968: 193-194). warwera 1892 wels Tedo Jordaniamac gamoaqveyna. teqstis Jordaniaseuli publikacia Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `xato R(mr)Taebisao, adide Sen mier damyarebuli da uZleveli RvTiv gÂrgÂnosani, yovlisa aRmosavleTisa mefeT-mefe giorgi. me, i(ova)ne sam[Tavnelma]n, mefobisa maTisa... (Tedo Jordanias TqmiT, aq erTi sityva `wabRalulia~), aRvaSene karibWe ese salocvelad mefobisa maTisa, indiktionsa mefobisa maTisasa ib (12). qoronikoni iyo tpÀ (1168 w.)~ (qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.)

88

amrigad, teqstidan irkveva, rom 1168 weli giorgi III-is mefobis me-12

indiktioni iyo. vfiqrobT, aq zedmeti ar unda iyos imis Sexseneba, rom

ama Tu im mefis zeobis wlebis anu indiktionis aTvla, ZiriTadad, ar

emTxveva kalendrul welTaRricxvas. marTlac, Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi (da aramxolod saqarTveloSi) yoveli kalendruli weli 1

ianvridan (an 1 seqtembridan) iwyeboda, ama Tu im mefis indiktionis

aTvlas ki im konkretuli Tve da ricxvidan iwyebdnen, roca igi samefo

taxtze adioda.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, 1168 weli SeiZleba yofiliyo giorgi III-

is zeobis rogorc me-11 wlis dasasruli da me-12-s dasawyisi, ise _ me-12

wlis dasasruli da me-13-s dasawyisi. am faqts arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs

Cveni Semdgomi msjelobisaTvis, vinaidan giorgi III-is gamefebis faqti

pirvel SemTxvevaSi _ 1157 wliT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1156 wliT

TariRdeba. Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom samTavisis warweraSi

giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis faqti daTariRebulia ara 1156 wliT, aramed _

1156-1157 wlebiT.

zustad aseTive suraTs vxedavT tbeTis saxarebis anderZTan

dakavSirebiTac. am anderZis teqsti, samTavisis warweris msgavsad, giorgi

III-is sicocxleSia Sedgenili, Tanac samefo karTan daaxloebuli

mRvdelmTavris mier, ris gamoc is sando pirvelwyaros warmoadgens:

`...Rirs viqmen araRirsi, suliTa sawyalobeli p[a]vle j(uar)is

myv(a)ni, R(mrT)isa m[o]wy[a]lebaTa da sax[ie]r[e]baTa mier saydr(i)sa

tbeTisasa dapyrob[a]d, gamzrdelisa C[em]isa, R(mr)Tiv gÂrgÂnosnisa mefeT-

mefisa di[mi]t[ri]s mier, r[omel]i mkÂdrmca ars m[a]rjuÀniTa [qristes]

dasaydrebuli da mianiWa R[merTman] Zesa maTsa g[iorg]is mefobaÁ, lomTa

umÃnessa da arwivTa umalessa da misca R(merTma)n uricxÂ ZlevaÁ da

gamarjuÀbaÁ y(ovel)Ta winaaRmdgomTa misTa zeda. mexuTesa welsa [...]

anisisasa [...] msgavsad [...] da gedeonisa mciriTa eriTa sZlo uricxusa mas

simravlesa barabarozTasa da moklviT da t[yuÀo]biT moswyÂdes

ocdaaTequsmeti C (1000) kaci. dauteves saWurWle: uricxÂ karvebi, cxeni,

abjari da y[ove]li [s]aqonebi maTi; daipyres Tavadi amiraebi; suqm[a]nis Ze

(Jordania 1892: 259). dasaxelebuli ori publikaciidan ivane javaxiSvili sargeblobda Jordaniaseuli gamocemiT (javaxiSvili 1913: 551).

89

Zliv warvides, dakodil-Camogdebuli. RmerTman umetesi ZlevaÁ da

warmarTebaÁ misces mefob[a]sa maTsa da kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ...~ (qaragmis

gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 355-356)75.

rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqstis Tanaxmad, giorgi III-s Sah-

armeni suqmanis-Ze anisTan daumarcxebia Tavisi mefobis me-5 wels.

aRniSnuli cnoba ivane javaxiSvilma anisis brZolis dasaTariReblad

gamoiyena da es faqti 1161 wliT gansazRvra (javaxiSvili 1948: 229). Cven

viziarebT am mosazrebas, oRond, anderZs, amjerad, sapirispiro mizniT _

giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis dasaTariReblad gamoviyenebT.

indiktionisa da kalendaruli wlebis urTierTmimarTebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, 1161 weli SeiZleba iyos giorgi III-is zeobis rogorc

me-4 wlis dasasruli da me-5 wlis dasawyisi, ise me-5 wlis dasasruli da

me-6 wlis dasawyisi. Sesabamisad, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebas tbeTis

saxarebis kolofoni, ise rogorc samTavisis warwera, aTariRebs ara 1156

wliT, aramed _ 1156-1157 wlebiT.

giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas 1156-1157 wlebiT gansazRvravs stefanos

orbelianis Txzulebac76. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom aRweril

movlenebze saukunenaxevriT gvian Sedgenili Txzuleba giorgi III-is

aRsaydrebis Sesaxeb or sxvadasxva TariRs gvawvdis.

stefanos orbeliani erTgan aRniSnavs, rom demetre I-ma ocdacameti

weli imefa da 1158 wels aResrula. samefo taxti misma vaJma, daviT V-m

75 kolofonis teqsti pirvelad gamoqveynda 1900 wels, p. cxviloelis anu mRvdeli polievqtos karbelaSvilis mier (cxviloeli 1900; qarTuli ... 1967: 35). tbeTis saxarebasa da mis anderZ-minawerebs 1909 wels specialuri narkvevi miuZRvna eqvTime TayaiSvilmac. mis publikaciaSi CarTulia ramdenime kolofonis, maT Soris, 1161 wlis anderZis nusxaxucuri transkripcia, maTi rusuli Targmanebi da SesaniSnavi foto-ilustraciebi (masalebi ... 1909: 151-162). ivane javaxiSvils 1913 wels `qarTveli eris istoriis~ II wignze muSaobisas tbeTis saxrebis anderZi ar gamouyenebia. Tumca, naSromis gamocemis Semdeg, pirad egzemplarSi ramdenime adgilas CaurTavs Casamatebeli masala (javaxiSvili 1948: V-VI, 229). naSromi xelmeored 1948 wels gamoqveynda. am dros didi mecnieri ukve gardacvlili iyo. gamocemis redaqtorma, simon yauxCiSvilma gaiTvaliswina ivane javaxiSvilis survili da zemoxsenebuli masala publikaciis Sesabamis adgilas CarTo. erT-erT aseT CanarTs warmoadgenda tbeTis saxrebis kolofonic (javaxiSvili 1948: V-VI, 229).

76 taTevis mitropolitma stefanos orbelianma (gard.A1304 w.) `siuniqis istoriaze~ muSaoba 1297-1300 wlebSi daasrula. Txzulebis 66-e Tavs warmoadgens teqsti, saxelwodebiT: `cxovreba orbelianTa~ (maisuraZe 1985; abdalaZe 1979: 36-37). CvenTvis saintereso cnobebi swored am TavSia daculi. stefanosis Txzulebis sruli somxuri teqsti 1861 wels moskovSi gamoaqveyna m. eminma (meliqseT-begi 1949: 267). ivane javaxiSvili `qarTveli eris istoriis~ meore wignze muSaobisas swored am, moskovuri gamocemiT sargeblobda (javaxiSvili 1913: 526, 551-552).

90

daikava, Tumca misi zeoba xanmokle gamodga da ori wlis Semdeg, e. i.

1160 wels isic gardaicvala. erTi Tvis Semdeg mefoba daviT V-is Zmam,

giorgi III-m miiRo (emini 1896: 362-363; cagareiSvili 1978: 39-40)77.

ivane javaxiSvili imTaviTve kritikulad moekida am cnobas da

giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis 1160 wliT daTariReba usafuZvlod CaTvala

(javaxiSvili 1913: 551). Cven viziarebT am mosazrebas. miT ufro, rom

amgvar varauds savsebiT gamoricxavs samTavisis warwera da tbeTis

saxarebis anderZi.

samagierod, ivane javaxiSvilma misaRebad miiCnia stefanos

orbelianis meore cnoba, romelic mogviTxrobs, rom orbelTa ajanyebis

dros, 1177 wels, giorgi III-is mefobis 21-e weliwadi iyo (emini 1896: 364;

cagareiSvili 1978: 44)78.

77 stefanos orbelianis Txzulebis 66-e Tavis eminiseuli rusuli Targmanis 1896 wlis gamocemaSi CvenTvis saintereso nawyveti aseTi saxiT aris warmodgenili: `Въ 607 (1158)

году, после многихъ удачъ и великихъ подвиговъ мужества умираетъ царь Деметре, царство котораго

наследуетъ Давидъ, мужъ могущественный и мудрый, какъ и отецъ его. Но прошествiй 2 летъ умеръ и

онъ… черезъ месяцъ у Георгiя созваны были все дедепулы и дворяне, съ которыми вместе явился и Иване

съ своей свитой. Георгiй открылъ последнему свое намеренiе и после долгихъ увещеванiй успелъ, наконецъ,

убедить его въ томъ, что по достиженiи племянника моего совершеннолетiя я его не обижу, но согласно

завещанiю моего брата возведу его на престолъ царскiй. Вследствiе этого все единогласно помазали его

на царство’’ (emini 1896: 362-363). igive fragmenti `cxovreba orbelianTas~ 1682 (A) da 1801 (B) wlebis ZvelqarTul TargmanebSi Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: A _ `da Semdgomad mravlisa ganmarjvebisa da did-didisa simxnisa mokvda dimitri mefe ricxvsa eqvsasSvidsa (1158 w.) da miiRo mefoba misi daviT, msgzavsman mamisaman, kacman Zlierman da brZenman, da cxovnda welsa orsa da mokvda... xolo Semdgomad Tvisa erTisa Sekrben yovelni didebulni da aznaurni giorgisa da mivida maT Tana iovaneca TvisiTurT, da ganucxada ganzraxva igi giorgi mravliTa vedrebiTa da dajerebul yo sityviT: ùkeTumca asakeul iqmnes Zmiswuli Cemi, ara daklebul vyo igi, aramed anderZisaebr Zmisa Cemisa davsva saydarsa mefobisasa~. amisTvis scxes mas mefed~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 40-42); B _ `da Semdgomad mravalTa gamarjvebaTa da did-didTa mÃneobaTa mokuda dimitri da miiRo mefoba misi Zeman misman daviT, msgavsman mamisa Zlierisa da brZnisaman. icocxla aman welsa orsa da eseca mokuda... xolo Semdgomad erTisa TTÂsa Sekrben yovelni didebulni da mTavarni giorgisTan, sadaca imyofeboda ivaneca TÂseuliTa, maSin ganucxada giorgim ganzraxva TÂsi da mravliTa sitkboebiTa arwmunebda maT da etyoda, rameTu: òdes moihasakebis Zmiswuli Cemi, ara uvar-vhyof anderZsa Zmisa Cemisasa, aramed davsvam taxtsa zeda mefobisa Cemisasa~. amisaTÂs daerTsityvavden da scxes igi mefed~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 40-42).

78 eminis rusuli Targmani: `Въ 626 году армянскаго летосчисленiя (1177) возникли смуты въ

Иверiйскомъ царстве и родъ Орбелiановъ весь былъ истребленъ… после 21 года царствованiя Георгiя…~ (emini 1896: 364). Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi: A _ `ricxvsa somxurisa eqvsas ocda eqvssa (1177 w.) iqmna almuri da SfoTi Soris mefobisa qarTvelTasa da ZiriTurT aRmofxvres da dasces saxli orbelianTa mefobasa giorgisasa meocdaerTsa (21) welsa~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 44); B _ `xolo ricxusa somxursa qkv (1177 w.) aRsdga SfoTi samefosa Sina saqarTueloÁsasa da sruliad aRifxura saxli orbelianTa, rameTu imefa giorgi welsa ocda erTsa (21)~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 44). garda amisa, stefanosis Txzulebis 1682 wlis qarTul TargmanSi daculia kidev erTi iribi cnoba giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRis Sesaxeb: `xolo TviT mas giorgis ar aqvnda samkvidrebeli mefobisa Tvisisa Tvinier asulisa erTisa, Tamarad saxeldebulisa, da aResrula

91

aq kidev erTxel gavimeorebT, rom ama Tu im mefis zeobis

indiktionis aTvla da kalendruli welTaRricxva, upiratesad, ar

emTxveva erTimeores, amitom 1177 weli SeiZleba iyos giorgi III-is zeobis

rogorc me-20 wlis dasasruli da 21-e wlis dasawyisi, ise _ 21-e wlis

dasasruli da 22-e wlis dasawyisi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, giorgi III-is

gamefeba modis 1157 welze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1156 welze.

Sesabamisad, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi stefanos orbelianis

Tanaxmad, agreTve, 1156-1157 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.

amrigad, irkveva, rom ivane javaxiSvilis xelT arsebuli saistorio

masalis didi nawili _ tbeTis saxarebis anderZi, samTavisis warwera da

stefanos orbelianis Txzuleba giorgi III-is gamefebas aTariRebdnen ara

1156 wliT, aramed _ 1156-1157 wlebiT. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT angariS-

gasawevia tbeTis saxarebis anderZisa da samTavisis warweris cnobebi,

romlebic giorgi III-is sicocxleSia Sedgenili da Sesabamisad, sando

pirvelwyaroebs warmoadgens.

garda am sami Zeglisa, ivane javaxiSvilis gankargulebaSi iyo

werilobiTi wyaroebis meore jgufic _ vardan arevelcis `msoflio

istoria~79 da XIII-XIV saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis, igive A-

ricxvsa eqvsas ocda aT sametsa (1184 w.), xolo mefobda welsa ocdarvasa (28)~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 54). aqve SevniSnavT, rom 1801 wlis Zvel qarTul da eminiseul rusul TargmanebSi miTiTebulia mxolod giorgi III-is gardacvalebis weli. rac Seexeba misi mefobis xangrZlivobas, amaze dasaxelebul TargmanebSi araferia naTqvami (cagareiSvili 1978: 54; emini 1896: 368).

79 somexi istorikosis vardan arevelcis (1200/1210-1271 ww.) `msoflio istoria~ XIII saukunis ^60-ian wlebSi unda iyos Sedgenili (abdalaZe 1979: 33-34). Txzulebis somxuri teqsti 1861 wels moskovSi gamosca m. eminma (meliqseT-begi 1949: 261). ivane javaxiSvili swored am publikaciiT sargeblobda (javaxiSvili 1913: 526, 550-552). imave 1861 wels eminma moskovSi `msoflio istoriis~ rusuli Targmanic gamoaqveyna. publikaciaSi CvenTvis saintereso adgili Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `Царь иверiйскiй, Деметре, после

тридцати двухлетняго управленiя скончался. Сынъ его, Давидъ, человекъ умный и расположенный къ

добру, принялъ его корону: онъ освободилъ Тиркаша, заключеннаго въ темницу его отцемъ, и назначилъ

его военачальникомъ; самъ же умеръ черезъ месяцъ. Некоторые говорятъ, что онъ погибъ отъ измены

Сембата и Иване Орбелiановыхъ за назначенiе на ихъ место Тиркаша; и что они заранее условились въ

этомъ съ Георгомъ, братомъ Давида, который обещалъ имъ назначить ихъ военачальниками. Въ 605-1156

году Георгiй наследовалъ корону своего брата~ (emini 1861: 154-155). 2002 wels TbilisSi gamoqveynda vardan arevelcis `msoflio istoriis~ sruli qarTuli Targmani, rome-lic, Tavis mxriv, Sesrulebuli iyo nodar SoSiaSvilisa da eka kvaWantiraZis mier. naSroms darTuli aqvs eka kvaWantiraZis mier momzadebuli Sesavali, komentarebi da saZieblebi (vardan arevelci 2002). vardanis Txzulebis CvenTvis saintereso fragmenti dassaxelebul publikaciaSi Semdegi saxiT aris motanili: `qarTvelTa mefe demetre 32 wlis mefobis Semdeg gardaicvala. gvirgvini miiRo misma vaJma, Wkvianma da keTilma da-viTma. man cixidan gamoiyvana mamis mier Sepyrobili TirqaSi, daayena mxedarTmTavrad da erTi Tvis Semdeg gardaicvala. zogi ambobs, rom [is moklul iqna] sumbat da ivane

92

85-is kinklosis minaweri, romlebic giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas

calsaxad 1156 wliT gansazRvravdnen (javaxiSvili 1913: 151).

aqve xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom es ori dasaxelebuli

Zegli aRwerili movlenebis Tanadrouli ar aris. vardan arevelcis

Txzuleba XIII saukunis SuaxanebSia Sedgenili, A-85-is kinklosis

minaweri ki XIII-XIV saukuneebiT TariRdeba (odiSeli 1968: 9). amitom maT

cnobebs giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis, cxadia, ar aqvT

iseTi wyaroTmcodneobiTi Rirebuleba, rogoric tbeTis saxarebis 1161

wlis anderZsa da samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis warweras gaaCniaT.

miuxedavad amisa, 1913 wlisaTvis, rodesac qarTuli istoriografia

tbeTis saxarebis 1161 wlis anderZisa da samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis

warweris mier SemoTavazebuli orwliani monakveTis _ 1156-1157 wlebis

dasaviwroveblad sinqronuli periodis raime sxva wyaros ar icnobda,

ivane javaxiSvilma savsebiT logikuri nabiji gadadga, man swored vardan

arevelcis cnobasa da A-85-is kinklosis minawerze dayrdnobiT

daaviwrova zemoxsenebuli orwliani qronologiuri monakveTi da giorgi

III-is aRsaydrebis faqti 1156 wliT daaTariRa (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552).

mogvianebiT qarTulma istoriografiam upirobod gaiziara ivane

javaxiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli TariRi. dReisaTvis giorgi III-is

gamefeba 1156 wliT aris gansazRvruli rogorc samecniero, ise

saenciklopedio xasiaTis gamocemebSi (buniaTovi 1966: 285; odiSeli 1968:

90-91; soxaSvili 1968: 193; badriZe 1973: 27; berZeniSvili 1973: 68; metreveli

1973: 104; Tofuria 1975: 17; metreveli 1978: 159-160; lorTqifaniZe 1979a: 263,

286-288; Todua 1979: 52, 56; fuTuriZe 1955: 67; qadagiZe 1985: 140; kvaWantiraZe

1989: 106-107; stefnaZe 1990: 23; jafariZe 1995: 99; stefnaZe 1999; davlianiZe

2000: 93; saqarTvelos ... 2000b: 132-134 da sxv.).

giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis fasdaudebel

cnobebs gvawvdis Ven.4-is 1160 wlis anderZis teqsti. vinaidan Cven zemoT

ukve dawvrilebiT ganvixileT am anderZTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva

orbelianebis mzakvrobis Sedegad, radgan maT adgilas daayena TirqaSi. isini SeTanxmebuli iyvnen daviTis Zma giorgisTan, rom [is] daniSnavda [maT] mxedarTmTavrad. giorgim miiRo samefo gvirgvini 605 (1156) wels~ (vardan arevelci 2002: 145).

93

sakiTxebi, aq aRarafers vityviT mis Taobaze da pirdapir moviyvanT

kolofonis teqsts:

`saxeliTa R(mrT)isaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sa|natreli. daiwera

ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav | nik(olo)z nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa w(mid)isa m(a)misa

d(avi)Tissa, | garesjas, kedelsa (?), r(ome)lsa ewodebis saxelad | berTaÁ,

qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa | d(eme)tres g(iorg)isaze, welsa me-

fobisa misisasa g (3). | daamyaren R(merTma)n mefob(a)Á misi saTnod

o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â q(ristÀ)s{a}, r(om)lisaÁ ars d(ide)b(a)Á

uk(uni)Ti uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n da Sa|v nikrasa SromisaTÂs k(urT)x(e)vaÁ

s(au)k(u)n(o)Á, a(me)n. | d(ide)b(a)Á R(merTs)a sr(u)lmyofelsa y(ovel)Tasa,

a(me)n. | me{u}feo, g(ua)k(urT)x(e)n~.

rogorc vxedavT, garejuli krebulis anderZis Tanaxmad, xelnaweris

gadaweris TariRi _ 1160 weli, imavdroulad, iyo giorgi III-is zeobis me-3

indiktioni. Sesabamisad, 1160 weli, SeiZleba, iyos misi mefobis rogorc

me-2 wlis dasasruli da me-3-s dasawyisi, ise _ me-3 wlis dasasruli da

me-4-s dasawyisi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRad

viRebT 1158, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1157 wels.

cxadia, am or TariRs Soris upiratesobas verc erTs ver mivcemdiT,

rom ara sinqronuli periodis ori sxva Zegli _ tbeTis saxarebis

anderZi da samTavisis warwera, romelTa mier SemoTavazebuli orwliani

monakveTi _ 1156-1157 wlebi mxolod im pirobiT emTxveva Ven.4-is anderZSi

miTiTebul orwlian monakveTs _ 1157-1158 wlebs, Tuki giorgi III-is

gamefebis TariRad 1157 wels aviRebT.

am SemTxvevaSi, gamova, rom garejuli krebulis gadaweris TariRi

(1160 w.) namdvilad giorgi III-is zeobis me-3 indiktions (me-3 wlis dasas-

ruli da me-4-s dasawyisi) warmoadgens, tbeTis saxrebis anderZis TariRi

(1161 w.) _ misi mefobis me-5 indiktionia (me-4 wlis dasasruli da me-5-s

dasawyisi), xolo samTavisis warweris TariRi (1168 w.) giorgi III-is mmar-

Tvelobis _ me-12 indiktioni (me-11 wlis dasasruli da me-12-s dasawyisi).

yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, erTi mxriv, Ven.4-is anderZi, xolo, meore

mxriv, tbeTis saxarebis anderZi da samTavisis taZris warwera

absoluturad sxvadasxva TariRs _ an 1158, an kidev 1156 wels gvaZleven.

94

ramdenad SeiZleba vendoT garejuli krebulis anderZSi dacul

cnobas? vfiqrobT, rom es cnoba savsebiT sarwmunoa. jer erTi, Ven.4-is

gadamweri nikoloz nikraÁ giorgi III-is gamefebis Tanamedrovea da mefis

aRsaydrebasa da xelnaweris gadaweras Soris sxvaoba mxolod sam wels

Seadgens. meorec, nikraÁ garejSi moRvawe mwignobaria, aqauri savaneebi ki

am dros ukve samefo monastrebs warmoadgendnen (lominaZe 1966b: 123-124).

Sesabamisad, garejeli moweseebisa da, maT Soris, Ven.4-is

gadamwerisaTvis samefo karis peripetiebi kargad unda yofiliyo

cnobili. metic, anderZSi giorgi III-sTan dakavSirebul kidev erT frazas

vxvdebiT: daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ

qristÀsa~, sadac TiTqos cxadliv unda Candes gadamweris SeSfoTeba

samefo karze atexili dinastiuri brZolebis gamo da amitomac aris, rom

igi ufals maincadamainc giorgi III-is taxtis ganmtkicebas evedreba.

Cveni mosazrebis marTebulobas adasturebs somexi istorikosis

samuel anecis qronikac80. rogorc cnobilia, samuel aneci XII saukunis

moRvawe iyo da Tavisi qronikac 1182 wels hqonda Sedgenili (meliqseT-begi

1949: 253). Sesabamisad, mis cnobebs CvenTvis iseTive wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ri-

rebuleba aqvs, rogorc sinqronuli periodis danarCen sam Zegls _ gareju-

li krebulis anderZs, tbeTis saxarebis kolofonsa da samTavisis taZris

warweras. samuel anecis Txzulebis erTi fragmentis qarTuli Targmani

2000 wels gamoaqveyna wyaroTmcodne nino TorTlaZem. teqsti gvamcnobs:

`604 wels (1155 w.) gardaicvala qarTvelTa mefe demetre da gamefda

misi Ze daviTi, xolo ori wlis Semdeg isic gardaicvala. misi

Zalaufleba misma Zmam giorgim miiRo~ (TorTlaZe 2000: 79)81.

80 anisis sakaTedro taZris xucesis samuel anecis (1110-1190 ww.) saistorio qronika Sedgenilia 1182 wels (meliqseT-begi 1949: 253). arsebobs Txzulebis sruli somxuri teqstis a. ter-miqelianiseuli gamocema, romelic, Tavis mxriv, dabeWdilia 1893 wels. publikacia damyarebulia eCmiawinis biblioTekaSi dacul 13 xelnawer nusxaze (TorTlaZe 2000: 79).

81 aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom eCmiawinis zemoxsenebuli 13 xelnaweridan 10 xelnawerSi miTiTebulia òri weli~, samSi ki _ òri Tve~. nino TorTlaZe iTvaliswinebs laSa-giorgisdroindeli mematianis cnobasa da XVIII saukunis qarTuli kinklosis minawers da upiratesobas sami xelnaweris wakiTxvas aZlevs. mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom Samuel anecis qronikaSi Tavdapirvelad aRniSnuli iyo ori Tve, mogvianebiT ki teqstis araswori wakiTxvis safuZvelze, an, SesaZloa, Segnebuladac es adgili gadaakeTes da miiRes ori weli (TorTlaZe 2000: 79-80). Cven sayuradRebod gveCveneba es msjeloba, Tumca tradiciuli mosazreba ufro marTebuli gvgonia. miT ufro, rom zemoxsenebuli

95

amrigad, xelT gvaqvs kidev erTi saintereso faqti _ giorgi III-is

mefed kurTxevas Ven.4-is anderZis, tbeTis saxarebis kolofonisa da

samTavisis warweris garda, 1157 wliT aTariRebs XII saukunis kidev erTi

Zegli _ samuel anecis qronika.

aseT viTarebaSi bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: tbeTis saxarebis anderZis,

samTavisis taZris warwerisa da stefanos orbelianis mier

SemoTavazebuli orwliani monakveTis _ 1156-1157 wlebis dasaviwroveblad

wyaroTa romel jgufs unda mieces upiretesoba _ vardan arevelcis

Txzulebasa da A-85-is kinkloss, romlebic giorgi III-is gamefebas 1156

wliT aTariReben, Tu garejuli krebulis kolofonsa da samuel anecis

Txzulebas, romlebic amave faqts 1157 wliT gansazRvraven?

Cven wyaroebis Sepirispirebisas upiratesobas Ven.4-is kolofonsa da

samuel anecis qronikas vaZlevT. jer erTi, es Zeglebi, vardan arevelcis

Txzulebisa da A-85-is kinklosis minawerisagan ganxvavebiT, giorgi III-is

sicocxleSia Sedgenili da gacilebiT sando pirvelwyaroebs warmoad-

gens. mere meorec, kargad aris cnobili, rom vardan arevelci, romelic,

sazogadod, sando avtorad aris miCneuli, XII saukunis saqarTvelos

istoriis qronologiisaTvis ramdenime mcdarsa Tu sadao TariRsac

gvawvdis. es sakiTxi istorikos eka kvaWantiraZis mier kargad aris

Seswavlilia (kvaWantiraZe 1989: 104-112) da amitom, masze aq aRar

SevCerdebiT.

rac Seexeba A-85-is kinklosis minawers, aq saqme kidev ufro rTulad

gvaqvs. teqstis Tedo Jordaniaseuli gamocema Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba:

`q(oroni)k(on)s to (1150 w.), dasabamiTgan xRÁ (1156 w.), aqa Ze dimitri

mefisa giorgi mefe iqmna~ (Jordania 1892: 255). e. i. minaweri giorgi III-is

gamefebis Sesaxeb or sxvadasxva TariRs gvaZlevs _ 1150 da 1156 wlebs. am

or TariRs Soris, Tedo Jordaniam upiratesoba 1156 wels misca

(Jordania 1892: 255), ivane javaxiSvilma ki, Tavis mxriv, savsebiT gaiziara

es mosazreba (javaxiSvili 1913: 551).

werilobiTi wyaroebis mier giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis 1157 wliT daTariReba daviT V-is swored rom orwliani mmarTvelobis sasargeblod metyvelebs.

96

mogvianebiT, 1968 wels A-85-is kinklosis minawerebi gamoaqveyna

jumber odiSelmac. mkvlevarma CvenTvis saintereso minaweris qronikoni

sulac tv-d (306+780=1086 w.) waikiTxa da masTan SedarebiT upiratesoba,

rasakvirvelia, dasabamiTgan aTvlil TariRs _ 1156 wels misca (odiSeli

1968: 26).

kidev ufro mogvianebiT, 1974 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiis korneli kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutma gamosca

yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciis akademiuri àRwerilobis~ I1

tomi, sadac Setanili iyo A-85-is kinklosis minawerebi. am publikaciaSi

CvenTvis saintereso teqsti Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `[1157 w.] aqa Ze

dimitri mefisa giorgi mefe iqmna~ (bregaZe ... 1973: 295).

amrigad, minaweris akademiur gamocemaSi qoronikonis TariRad

miTiTebulia ara 1150 an 1086 wlebi, rogorc amas Tedo Jordaniasa da

jumber odiSelis publikaciebSi vxvdebiT, aramed _ 1157 weli.

sakiTxis sabolood garkvevis mizniT, piradad gavecaniT xelnawers.

gairkva, rom sakuTriv kinkloss mxolod qronikonis TariRebi uzis.

amasTan, misi aTvla saxeldobr 1157 wliT iwyeba da nusxuri minaweric _

àqa Ze dimitri m(e)fis(a)Á g(iorg)i mefe iqmna~, swored am wlis gaswvriv

aris miTiTebuli.

ase, rom A-85-is kinklosis minaweri giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas

aTariRebs ara 1156, aramed _ 1157 wliT. es ki, agreTve, adasturebs Cveni

zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebis marTebulobas.

metic, Tu zemoT warmodgenili Cveni dakvirvebebi sworia, maSin

SegviZlia, kidev ufro davakonkretoT giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRi.

tbeTis saxarebis anderZSi miTiTebulia, rom giorgi III-m suqmanis-Ze

anisTan misi zeobis me-5 indiktions daamarcxa (bregaZe ... 2004: 355-356).

paralelurad amisa, ivane javaxiSvilma arabi mematianis ibn al-asiris

cnobaze dayrdnobiT, gaarkvia, rom qarTvelebma xlaTis mmarTveli suqman

II agvistos TveSi daamarcxes (javaxiSvili 1913: 555-556).

am bolo qronologiur monacems didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakiTxis

garkvevisaTvis, vinaidan Cvens mier zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanax-

mad, 1161 weli giorgi III-is zeobis me-4 wlis dasasruls da me-5-s dasaw-

yiss warmoadgenda. Sesabamisad, 1161 wlis agvistoSi giorgi III-is mefobis

97

me-5 weli ukve dawyebuli yofila da amitom misi mefed kurTxevac 1157

wlis dasawyisidan agvistomde periodiT unda ganisazRvros.

amrigad, Cven viTvaliswinebT 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili

krebulis (Ven.4-is) anderZis, tbeTis saxarebis (Q-929-is) 1161 wlis

kolofonis, samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis lapidaruli warweris, XII

saukunis somexi istorikosis samuel anecis qronikis, stefanos

orbelianis mier XIII saukunis miwuruls Sedgenili `siuniqis istoriisa~

da XIII-XIV saukuneebis xelnaweri krebulis (A-85-is) kinklosis cnobaTa

urTierTmimarTebas da samecniero sazogadoebas vTavazobT mosazrebas,

rom giorgi III saqarTvelos samefo taxtze avida ara 1156 wels, rogorc

es aqamde iyo miRebuli qarTul istoriografiaSi, aramed, odnav ufro

mogvianebiT, kerZod, 1157 wels82.

82 giorgi III-is gamefebis 1157 wliT daTariRebas praqtikulad araviTari koreqtivi ar Seaqvs Semdgomi periodis qronologiaSi. gamonaklisia giorgi III-is ori sigeli _ 1170 wlisa mRvimisadmi (enuqiZe ... 1984: 67-70) da 1177 wlisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi (enuqiZe ... 1984: 71-72). Cveni mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, pirveli sabuTi _ 1170-1171, meore ki _ 1177-1178 wlebiT unda daTariRdes. rac Seexeba danarCen masalas, misma Seswavlam gviCvena, rom 1157 wlis Semdgomdroindeli arcerTi sxva movlena ar TariRdeba giorgi III-is zeobis indiktioniT. samagierod, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis gadaTariRebam garkveuli cvlilebebi unda Seitanos demetre I-is mmarTvelobis bolo wlebisa da daviT V-is mefobis ukve damkvidrebul qronologiaSi. Tumca es uaRresad problematuri sakiTxi warmodgenili naSromis farglebs scildeba da Semdgomi kvlevis sagans warmoadgens.

98

$2. moqvis episkoposis luka

oZrxelis xuTi minaweri (1363 w.)83

Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT gansaxilav minawerebs.

I. Sesrulebulia 3r-s zeda aSiaze. daaxl. 14 X 17 sm. mxedruli. erTi

striqoni. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _

orwertili. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs. kolofonis dasawyisi da

dasasruli moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmentebi

amovikiTxeT nawilobriv, xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTurisa da

ultraiisferi sxivebis daxmarebiT.

[wign-] [- - -] sanatreli: xe[l...]

wign[i] [ese] `sanatreli~ xel....

II. Sesrulebulia 187r-s zeda naxevarze. 18,4 X 13,5 sm. mxedruli.

qanwili _ xveulad. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. qanwilTan

dasmuli orwertili _ singuriT. gankveTilobis niSnebi _ wertili an

orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs.

minaweris marcxena kide moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es

fragmentebi amovikiTxeT xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol

Suqze. teqsts axasiaTebs aemetoba.

[q:] qristes. merno: Zmano: dano: yuvlno:

[mo]yuareno: sasufevlisano: codvili:

[mo]quli: oZÃeli: luka: gevdrebiT:

[vina]ca: ama: wignsa: miemTxuvaneT: WemaTuis:

[Sen]doba: brZaneT: aqa Jami: vuwirve:

[mit]rapolitsa: da: Tqunca: Sendoba:

[mib]rZaneT:

83 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2003-2004 wlebSi dabeWdil or statiaSi: 1. `moqvis ucnobi episkoposi luka oZrxeli (1360-iani ww.) da misi xuTi minaweri XII saukunis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2003g); da 2. `ramdenime axali cnoba moqveli episkoposis luka oZrxelis (1360-iani ww.) biografiisaTvis~ (jojua 2004).

99

q. qristes m{i}erno Zmano, dano, y{o}v{e}lno | moyuareno

sasufevlisano, codvili | moquli oZÃeli luka gev{e}drebiT, | vin<a>ca

ama wignsa miemTxuv<a>neT, <W>{C}em<a>Tuis | Sendoba brZaneT. aqa Jami

vuwirve | mitrapolitsa da Tqu{e}nca SendobaÁ | mibrZaneT.

III. Sesrulebulia 208r-s qveda aSiaze. 17,9 X 6,7 sm. mxedruli. ori


orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marjvena

kidiT zeaweuli horizontaluri xazi. II striqonis dasawyisi dakargulia

furclis zedapiris aqerclis gamo. es fragmenti aRdgenili gvaqvs

konteqstis mixedviT. amave II striqonis qveda kide da dasasruli moqceu-

lia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmentebi amovikiTxeT

xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol Suqze.

moqulisaTis: vinca: Sendob[a: br]

[Zan]˜T: R˜Tman: Segindos: T[quenca]

moqulisaT{u}is vinca Sendoba br|Zan(o)T, R(mer)Tman Segindos Tquenca.

IV. Sesrulebulia 265v-sa da 266r-s qveda aSiebze. 25,7 X 3,8 sm.

mxedruli. qanwili _ mTavruliT. erTi striqoni. teqsti iwyeba 265v-ze da

sruldeba 266r-ze. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis

niSani _ orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria

marcxniv daxrili horizontaluri xazi. minaweris dasasruli moqceulia

sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmenti amovikiTxeT xelnaweris

originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol Suqze.

A

moqulsa: oZrÃellsa lukas R[T˜man: Seondvnes:]

q. moqulsa oZrÃel{e}lsa84 lukas R(mer)Tman Se<o>{u}ndvnes.

84 aRniSnuli sityva 2002 gamoqveynebul erT-erT statiaSi SecdomiT gvqonda wakiTxuli rogorc: òmar-yofilsa~ (jojua 2003g: 35-36).

100

V. Sesrulebulia 303r-s qveda aSiaze. 16,6 X 4,2 sm. mxedruli. ori


orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs.

teqstis dasawyisi dakargulia 303r-s marcxena aSiidan sarestavracio

qaRaldis aZrobisa da furclis zedapiris dazianebis gamo. es fragmenti

aRdgenili gvaqvs konteqstis mixedviT.

[o]ras: da: sami: welwdi: aris: odes

ese wgni dawerila

oras da sami wel{i}w{a}di aris, odes | ese w{i}gni dawerila.

pirvel rigSi, gavarkvioT minawerebis avtoris vinaoba. II, III, da IV

kolofonebze dayrdnobiT, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom minawerebi

Sesrulebulia `moquli lukas~ anu moqveli episkoposis lukas mier: II.

`codvili moquli... luka gevedrebiT, vinca ama wignsa miemTxuvneT, CemTuis

Sendoba brZaneT~; III. `moqulisaTuis vinca Sendoba brZanoT, RmerTman

Segindos Tquenca~; da IV. `moqulsa... lukas RmerTman Seundvnes~85.

rodis iyo dawerili luka moqvelis kolofonebi? am kiTxvaze

pasuxs V minaweris teqsti gvawvdis: òras da sami weliwadi aris, odes

ese wigni dawerila~. amrigad, irkveva, rom luka moqvelis V kolofoni,

masTan erTad ki, danarCeni oTxi minaweric, Sesrulebuli iyo `wignis~,

igive garejuli krebulis gadanusxvidan (1160 w.) òras da sami~ (203)

wlis Semdeg anu 1363 wels (1160+203=1363 w.).

85 aRsaniSnavia, rom kolofonebSi luka oZrxelis saepiskoposo wodeba moyvanilia `moquli~-s formiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, toponim `moqvi~-s arqauli fonetikuri variantebidan _ `moqÂ~-`moqu~-dan unda momdinareobdes. `matiane qarTlisa~ (XI s.) _ àman (afxazTa mefe leon III-m (957-967 ww.) _ T. j.) aRaSena eklesia moqÂsa da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod, akurTxa da ganasrula yovliTa gangebiTa~ (matiane qarTlisa 1955: 270); vaxuSti batoniSvilis àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ (1742-1745 ww.) _ `xolo ama egrisis mdinaris dasavliT dis moqÂs mdinare Cdilodam samÃriT. gamosdis kavkass da mierTvis ilors zRuas. am mdinaresa zeda, mTaSi, ars moqus eklesia gumbaTiani, didnagebi. aRaSena T˜(9) mefeman afxazTaman leon SemkobiTa didiTa. zis episkopozi, mwyemsi kodoris mdinarisa da moqÂs mdinaris Sorisis adgilisa. aramed ese mdinare moqÂsa dis moquamde aRmosavlidam dasavleTad, xolo moqÂs mdinaris dasavliT dis kodoris mdinare~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 780-781).

101

sad da romel savaneSi iyo daculi garejuli krebuli 1363 wels,

rodesac is luka moqvelma moixila? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis mizniT,

kidev erTxel unda mivubrundeT Ven.4-is istorias.

Cven zemoT vaCveneT, rom 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili krebuli XV

saukunis II naxevrisaTvis ukve wmida miwaze iyo gadatanili da ierusali-

mis erT-erTi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.

aqedan, logikurad gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom 1363 wlisaTvis Ven.4 an

kvlavindeburad garejis mravalmTaSi inaxeboda, an kidev, ukve wmida

miwaze iyo gadatanili.

es, erTi SexedviT, zogadi daskvna Zalzed aiolebs viTarebas.

marTlac, luka moqvelis II kolofonSi vawydebiT iseT miniSnebas, ro-

melic saSualebas gvaZlevs, zustad davadginoT, Tu sad inaxeboda

garejuli krebuli 1363 wels. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs II minaweris pirveli

winadadeba: `q. qristes mierno Zmano, dano, yovelni moyuareno sasu-

fevlisano, codvili moquli oZÃeli luka gevedrebiT, vinca ama wignsa

miemTxuvneT, CemTuis Sendoba brZaneT~.

citirebuli teqstidan naTlad Cans, rom moqveli mRvdelmTavari

Sendobis Tqmas evedreba aramxolod samonastro Zmobas, aramed sadRac

iqve mosagre monazon dedebsac: `qristes mierno Zmano, dano~. aRniSnuli

garemoeba a priori gamoricxavs kolofonis garejSi daweris SesaZ-

leblobas. marTlac, dReisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi myarad aris

dadgenili, rom garejis mravalmTis udabnoebSi dedebs arasodes umoRva-

wiaT da aqauri savaneebic mxolod mowese mamebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ufro misaRebi Cans is mosazreba, rom

luka moqvelma garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze moixila. miRebuli

daskvnis sasargeblod, pirvel rigSi, metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom Sua

saukuneebSi ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi moqmedebda, sul mcire, sami

qarTuli dedaTa monasteri mainc: kappaTa, dertavi da derTufa (menabde

1980: 145-147). Sesabamisad, ierusalimis qarTul koloniaSi, garejis

samonastro Zmobisgan gansxvavebiT, gaerTianebuli iyvnen deda-moweseebic

da amitomac, sulac ar aris gasakviri, rom luka moqveli Sendobis Tqmas

maTac evedreboda.

102

Cveni mosazrebis marTebulobas adasturebs kidev erTi garemoeba.

luka moqvelis minawerSi naxsenebi fraza _ `Zmano da dano~, Zalzed gav-

rcelebuli da praqtikulad, trafaretuli gamonaTqvamis saxiT gvxvdeba

ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wignis CanawerebSi:

`...gaviCineT juarisa mamaman ioane moZRuarman da kandelakman da aRdgo-

mel(a)man da srulad saR(m)aToman krebulman ZmaTa da daTa: saxarebasa

da sÂnaqsarsa zeda dalocva~ (metreveli 1962: 76); `Cuen, juarelTa ZmaTa

da daÁTa da sruliad saR(mr)T(o)man krebulman, davdeviT ese wigni...~

(metreveli 1962: 77); `patronsa qaixosros Seundvnes RmerTman, ZmaTa da

daÁTaÁca mravali moguces calke...~ (metreveli 1962: 77) da sxv.

amrigad, vfiqrobT, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1363 wels,

roca luka moqvelma Ven.4 moixila, garejuli krebuli ukve wmida miwaze

iyo daculi da erT-erT adgilobriv qarTul eklesiasa Tu monasterSi

inaxeboda.

miRebuli daskvna, pirvel rigSi, Ven.4-is kodikologiisaTvis aris

mniSvnelovani. marTlac, winamdebare naSromis I TavSi mxolod imis

dadgena SevZeliT, rom garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze XV saukunis II

naxevris winare xanebSi iyo gadatanili. luka moqvelis kolofonebi gar-

kveulwilad azusteben am TariRs da gvauwyeben, rom Ven.4 1363 wels ukve

ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul savaneSi iyo daculi.

amgvarad, dgindeba, rom 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli saqarTvelodan

wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara XV saukunis II naxevarSi, aramed

gacilebiT ufro adre, 1363 wlis winare xanebSi.

luka moqvelis minawerebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs moqvis saepis-

koposos istoriisaTvisac. daviwyoT imiT, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi mox-

seniebuli luka moqvelis saxeli specialuri literaturisaTvis sru-

lebiT ucnobia. igi Seyvanili ar aris moqvis episkoposTa arc lia axa-

laZis (axalaZe 1998: 73-75), arc beJan xoravas (xorava 1998: 1998. 48-52) da

arc giorgi kalandias (kalandia 2002: 208-215) mier Sedgenil qronolo-

giur rigebSi.

garejuli krebulis 1363 wlis kolofonebi erTgvarad avseben am

xarvezs da warmogvidgenen aqamde ucnob mRvdelmTavars _ luka moqvels,

103

romlis moRvaweobac, misive minawerebis TariRidan (1363 w.) gamomdinare,

daaxloebiT XIV saukunis 60-iani wlebiT unda ganisazRvros86.

garda amisa, Ven.4-is kolofonebi Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdian moqvis

saepiskopososa da ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis urTierTobebis Sesa-

xebac. rogorc garejuli krebulis minawerebidan irkveva, 1363 wels erT-

erTma moqvelma mRvdelmTavarma lukam wmida miwaze imogzaura. man erT-

erT adgilobriv, savaraudod, qarTul savaneSi saRmrTo liturgia aRas-

rula da vinme mitropolits Jami uwira. wmida miwaze yofnis dros luka

moqveli sagangebod gaecno adgilobrivi qarTuli koloniis kuTvnil

xelnawerebs da erT-erTi maTganis, 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis

aSiebze sakuTari xeliT Seasrula xuTi mxedruli minaweris teqsti87.

86 aq usaTuod unda SevexoT kidev erTi ucnobi moqveli episkoposis sakiTxs. samecniero wreebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili 1300 wlis moqvis oTxTavi, romlis minawerebSic moxseniebulia oTxi moqveli mRvdelmTavari _ danieli, abrahami, ambria da filipe: 1. `d[a]n[ie]l moq[ue]l mTavarebiskopozi~; 2. `moqvisaÁ R(mr)TismSobelo! Seiwyale suli Tq(ue)n win mdegisaÁ moqvel mTavar ebiskopozisaÁ abrahamisaÁ, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.); 3. `mTavar ebiskozsa [!] moqvelsa ambr(i)as S(eundv)n(e)s R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.); da 4. `sulsa moq[ve]l mTavar ebikopossa [!] CxetiZesa filipessa S(eundv)nes R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 314-315). amaTgan, moqvel episkoposTa qronologiur rigebSi Seyvanilia mxolod sami episkoposi: danieli, abrahami da filipe (axalaZe 1998: 73-75; xorava 1998: 48-52; kalandia 2002: 208-215). rac Seexeba meoTxe mRvdelmTavars _ ambrias, mas mkvlevrebi ratomRac saerTod uvlian gverds. aseTi damokidebuleba, Tavis mxriv, mxolod imiT SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli, rom qronologiuri rigebis Semdgenlebma, romlebic SesaniSnavad icnoben moqvis oTxTavis kolofonebs, abrahami da ambria erTi da imave pirad miiCnies, rac, rasakvirvelia, Secdomaa. daviwyoT imiT, rom bibliuri wignebis Tanaxmad, abraha-mi||abraami (Sesaqme 26,3; 32,9; isu naves Ze 24,3; esaia 51,2; maTe 3,9; luka 3,8; ioane 8,39; 8,56; saqme mociqulTa 7,2; romaelTa 4,1; 4,12; 4,16) da ambria (III mefeTa 16,16; 16,21; 16,25; 16,30; III mefeTa 8,26; malaqia winaswarmetyveli 6,16) srulebiT sxvadasxva saxelebia. metic, bibliur paralelebs rom davaneboT Tavi, abrahamisa da ambrias sxvadasxvaoba moqvis oTxTavis kolofonebidanac naTlad Cans. aq pirveli saxeli gadmocemulia, rogorc: àbrahami~, xolo meore saxeli,rogorc: àmbr(i)a~ (bregaZe ... 1959a: 314-315). garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom ambrias minaweri ufro naklebkaligrafiuli xeliT aris Sesrulebuli, vidre _ abrahamisa (bregaZe ... 1959a: 315), rac, Tavis mxriv, swored imaze miuTiTebs, rom gansaxilavi kolofonebis damweri sxvadasxva piri iyo. es garemoeba ki kidev ufro naklebsarwmunos xdis abrahamisa da ambrias gaigivebas. aqe-dan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli xarvezi usaTuod unda gaswordes da moqvel mRvdelmTavarTa rigs, luka oZrxelis garda, daematos kidev erTi piri _ mTa-varepiskoposi ambria. calke saubris Temaa ambria moqvelis moRvaweobis qronologia. Cveni dakvirvebiT, am sakiTxis garkveva Sesabamisi kolofonis paleografiuli monacemebis Seswavlis safuZvelze unda moxdes, es ki, scildeba Cveni amJamindeli interesebis farglebs.

87 aqve SevniSnavT, rom moqveli lukas piligrimobis faqti sxva mxrivac aris aRsaniSnavi. kerZod, luka aris pirveli da, jerjerobiT, erTaderTi episkoposi CvenTvis cnobil moqvel mRvdelmTavrebs Soris, visac raime saxis kavSiri hqonda wmida miwaze moRvawe qarTul koloniasTan.

104

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, oriode sityviT unda SevexoT II ko-

lofonSi moxseniebuli `mitrapolitis~ sakiTxsac88. aq saintereso, pir-

vel rigSi, is aris, Tu saxeldobr romeli eklesiis mRvdelmTavari igu-

lisxmeba teqstSi _ afxazeTis sakaTolikososi, qarTlis sapatriarqosi

Tu wmida miwaze moqmedi romelime sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa?

moxmobili CamonaTvalidan amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos afxazeTis

sakaTolikoso. dReisaTvis dadgenilia, rom lixTimereTis mRvdelmTav-

rebi mitropolitis wodebas mxolod XVI saukunidan flobdnen. rogorc

irkveva, es tituli pirvelad bediel mRvdelmTavars anton JuaniZes

miuRia (kalandia 2000: 498-499; Sdr.: gabisonia 2006: 61).

afxazeTis sakaTolikosos msgavsad, amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos qar-

Tlis sapatriarqoc. marTalia, aq ukve XIII saukunidan vxedavT mitropo-

litis pativis mqone mRvdelmTavars, magram es ukanaskneli CvenTvis

cnobil werilobiT ZeglebSi moxseniebulia ara zogadad `mitropoli-

tis~, aramed konkretulad `somxeTis mitropolitis~ wodebiT da amitom

Ven.4-is minawerSic ufro am formiT unda yofiliyo moxseniebuli.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, safiqrebelia, rom luka moqvelis

kolofonSi moxseniebuli `mitrapoliti~ gulisxmobda ierusalimis

patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebul erT-erT adgilobriv mRvdelmTavars,

romelsac, savaraudod, wmida miwis qarTuli koloniis saeklesio

zedamxedveloba hqonda davalebuli.

samwuxarod, Cvens xelT arsebuli masala gansaxilav sakiTxTan da-

kavSirebiT, ufro konkretuli daskvnebis gamotanis uflebas ar iZleva

da amitomac iZulebuli varT, jerjerobiT, mxolod zogadi mosazrebis

gamoTqmiT SemovifargloT.

mas Semdeg, rac SeZlebisdagvarad srulad gavaanalizeT garejuli

krebulis 1363 wlis kolofonebSi daculi cnobebi, gadavwyviteT,

damatebiTi masala mogveZiebina luka moqvelis Sesaxeb. sabednierod, am

88 sagulisxmoa, rom es sityva, agreTve, `mitrapoliti~-s formiT aris gadmocemuli XIII saukunis ZeglebSic: `kurTxeva mironisa~ _ `...didsa somxeTisa mitrapolitsa hmarTebs nivTTa zeda dgomad. da quabni sakurTxevelTaT gamoixunen da mitrapolitsa da qadag-sa etÂrTnen ketni quabTani. winaTa ketTa mitrapoliti Seudges da ukanaTa qadagi~ (doliZe 1965: 47); `gangeba darbazobisa~ _ `Semovides didis somxeTisa mitrapoliti da dajdes kaTalikozsa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa. Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da dajdes mitrapolitsa quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod~ (doliZe 1965: 48).

105

mimarTulebiT muSaoba sakmaod Sedegiani gamodga da luka moqvelis mier

Sesrulebul kidev sam teqsts mivakvlieT.

es teqstebia: xelnawerTa erovnuli centris qarTul xelnawerTa A

koleqciaSi 65-e nomriT daculi 1188-1210 wlebis xelnaweri krebulis,

igive àstrologiuri traqtatis~ (A-65-is) ori kolofoni da javaxeTSi

mdebare vanis qvabebis monastris mcire gumbaTiani eklesiis erT-erT

kedelze Sesrulebuli savedrebeli warwera.

Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT A-65-is minawerebs.

I. Sesrulebulia A-65-is 1v-s zeda aSiaze. 10,4 X 2,2 sm. mxedruli.

erTi striqoni. naweria Savi feris melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _

orwertili yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marcxena kidiT

zeviT aprexili horizontaluri xazi. kolofonis bolo fragmenti

mTlianad aris gadasuli furclis zedapiris gacrecvisa da melnis

gauferulebis gamo. dakarguli nawyveti minaweris zogadi konteqstis

mixedviT gvaqvs aRdgenili. kolofonis teqsts axasiaTebs aemetoba.

il(?)orisa: moqulsa: Ss: R˜Taman: [- - - -]

ìlorisa(?). moqulsa S{eundvne}s R(mer)T<a>man. [amen]~ (xelnawerTa

erovnuli centri, A-65, 1v).

II. Sesrulebulia àstrologiuri traqtatis~ 214v-s qveda naxevarze,

amave gverdze warmodgenili bibliuri sakiTxavis _ `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teq-

stis marjvena svetis qvemoT. 9,5 X 3,4 sm. mxedruli. ori striqoni. nawe-

ria Savi feris melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _ orwertili TiTqmis yove-

li sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marcxena kidiT zeviT aprexili ho-

rizontaluri xazi. I striqonis bolo fragmenti TiTqmis mTlianad aris

gadasuli furclis zedapiris gacrecvisa da melnis gauferulebis gamo.

aRniSnuli nawyvetidan amovikiTxeT mxolod pirveli ori grafema _ lu.

amaSi didi daxmareba gagviwia A-65-is Sav-TeTrma fotopirma, romelic

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris sakuTrebas warmoadgens. rac Seexeba ga-

dasuli fragmentis bolo oTx grafemas _ kasa, isini, kolofonis zogadi

konteqstis mixedviTa da Ven.4-is aSiebze daculi 1363 wlis minawerebis

gaTvaliswinebiT gvaqvs aRdgenili. kolofonis teqsts, I minaweris msgav-

sad, axasiaTebs aemetoba.

oZÃis: deknozs: Svilsa lu - - - -

106

Seodos: R˜Taman

òZÃis{a} dek{a}noz{i}s{a} Svilsa lu[kasa] | Se<o>{un}dos

R(mer)T<a>man~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, A-65, 214v).

rac Seexeba vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis savedrebel

warweras, mas 1933 wlis zafxulSi miakvlia niko berZeniSvilma. mkvlevarma

srulad amoikiTxa savedrebeli da misi teqsti 1974 wels gamoaqveyna

Tavisi `saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebis~ I wignSi. amave wignSi warmod-

genili iyo vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis ramdenime warwerisa

da maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso savedrebelis grafikuli monaxazi

(berZeniSvili 1964: 116, 118-119, 121).

dasaxelebul publikaciaSi niko berZeniSvili mogviTxrobs:

`dilaadrian (igulisxmeba 1933 wlis 19 agvisto _ T. j.) gogaSnel ymawvil

mirian naTenaZesTan erTad... vanis-qvabis Zirs mivadeqiT... kldeSi asi

metris simaRleze (meoTxe sarTulze) moCans patara TeTri eklesia (mcire

gumbaTovani eklesia _ T. j.). gvarwmuneben, rom iq raRac warwerebia...

avediT `TeTr eklesiaSi~. es aris patara eklesia SigniT da garedan

TeTrad galesili. kedlebi mravalgan minawerebiTaa aWrelebuli. magram

es araa Cveni drois mjRabnelebis saqmianoba. es warwerebi umTavresad XV-

XVI saukunes ar unda scildeboden. warwerebi sul mÃedrulia. raRac

Savi saRebaviT naweri. aqa-iq gadasulia, magram umravlesoba jer kidev

Senaxulia... warwerebi aTeulobiT iTvleba. ikiTxeba friad Znelad. saWi-

roa ori kacis xangrZlivi guldasmiTi muSaoba... me ki rasac movaswreb

or-sam saaTSi, is aris... (mkvlevari Tanmimdevrulad warmogvidgens pirvel

xuT warweras da mxolod amis Semdeg gadadis CvenTvis saintereso

savedrebelze _ T. j.):

q. friada: codvilsa: oZrÃelelsa: dekanozisa Svilsa lukas: Sn: |

RTmn da: vinc: brZanT Tqvenca. Segivnes: RTman amin iyavn.

e. i. q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa dekanozisSvilsa lukas

Seundven RmerTman da vinc brZanoT, Tquenca Segindevnes RmerTman. amin

iyavn~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 116, 118-119, 121).

vidre A-65-is minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis warweraSi daculi

cnobebis analizze gadavidodeT, aucileblad unda SevexoT am uTariRo

teqstebis qronologiis sakiTxs.

107

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is xuTi minaweri, A-65-is ori

kolofoni da vanis qvabebis savedrebeli warwera absoluturad

identuri xeliT anu luka moqvelis mieraa Sesrulebuli. xolo vinaidan

CvenTvis ukve cnobilia garejuli krebulis minawerebis TariRi _ 1363

weli, SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, ganvsazRvroT danarCeni sami teqstis

qronologiac.

kerZod, A-65-is I minawerSi luka moxseniebulia `moqulad~ anu moqvis

episkoposad, rac imas niSnavs, rom àstrologiuri traqtatis~ minawerebi

da Ven.4-is kolofonebi Sesrulebulia daaxloebiT erTsa da imave

periodSi, lukas moqvelobis Jams anu 1360-ian wlebSi.

erTi SexedviT, amave 1360-ian wlebSi unda iyos Sesrulebuli vanis

qvabebis warwerac. Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom am

savedrebelSi luka jer kidev ar aris moxseniebuli moqvel episkoposad

da amitom vanis qvabebis warwera SedarebiT ufro adreuli periodiT anu

daaxloebiT XIV saukunis SuaxanebiT unda daTariRdes89.

mas Semdeg, rac A-65-is minawerebisa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelis

saxiT, damatebiTi masala gagviCnda luka moqvelis biografiuli detale-

bis dasazusteblad, kidev erTxel vubrundebiT garejuli krebulis

kolofonebs da yuradRebas sagangebod vamaxvilebT II da IV minawerebis

im fragmentebze, sadac kolofonebis avtori moqvis mRvdelmTavrobis

paralelurad, òZÃelad~ da òZrÃelelad~ aris moxseniebuli: II. `cod-

vili moquli oZÃeli luka gevedrebiT~; da IV. `moqulsa oZrÃelelsa

lukas RmerTman Seundvnes~.

ras gulisxmobs luka moqvelis òZÃelad~ da òZrÃelelad~

moxseniebis faqti?

rogorc gansaxilav leqsikur erTeulebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, orive

es forma organulad aris dakavSirebuli toponim òZrÃesTan~, romelic,

Tavis mxriv, samcxeSi, Tanamedrove abasTumnis midamoebSia dadas-

89 aqve, xazgasmiT SevniSnavT im faqts, rom niko berZeniSvils vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis mTeli epigrafikuli fondi da maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso savedrebeli, zogadad, XV-XVI saukuneebiT hqonda daTariRebuli (berZeniSvili 1964: 116, 118-119, 121). winamdebare naSroms, garkveuli koreqtivi Seaqvs am daTariRebaSi da aCvenebs, rom vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis warwerebis qveda qronologiuri zRvari unda ganisazRvros ara XV saukuniT, aramed gacilebiT ufro adreuli periodiT, kerZod ki, XIV saukunis SuaxanebiT.

108

turebuli da samxreT saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZvelesi punqtis,

istoriuli cixe-qalaqi oZrxes saxelwodebas warmoadgens 90.

aRniSnuli dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, Ven.4-is kolofonebSi

dadasturebuli formebis _ òZÃelisa~ da òZrÃelelis~ Sinaarsoblivi

datvirTvis asaxsnelad SegviZlia davuSvaT sami savaraudo hipoTeza:

1. òZÃeSi~||òZrÃeSi~ igulisxmeba samcxeSi mdebare cnobili cixe-qa-

laqi oZrxe da luka moqvelis òZÃeloba~||òZrÃelelobac~ unda gavigoT,

rogorc misi gvari da imavdroulad, naTesauri kuTvnileba am cixe-

qalaqis mflobelTa anu oZrxelTa feodaluri saxlisadmi.

2. òZÃe~||òZrÃe~ gvesmis ara cixe-qalaqis, aramed iqve, cixe-qalaqis

ganapiras, mdinareebis _ kurcxanasa da ocxiswylis SesayarTan mdebare

e. w. rusudanis monastris mniSvnelobiT da luka moqvelis

òZÃeloba~||òZrÃelelobasac~ moviazrebT misi, rogorc am savanis wina-

mZRvrisa Tu moZRvris sasuliero wodebas.

3. òZÃeSi~||òZrÃeSi~ igulisxmeba cixe-qalaqi oZrxe da luka

moqvelis òZÃeloba~||òZrÃelelobac~ aRniSnavs mis sadaurobas, ufro

zustad ki, warmomavlobas cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan.

ganvixiloT samive hipoTeza cal-calke. daviwyoT meore versiiT,

romlis Tanxmadac luka moqveli, savaraudod, cixe-qalaqi oZrxis ga-

napiras mdebare rusudanis monastris winamZRvari Tu moZRvari unda iyos.

vidre uSualod am versiis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, aucileblad gavar-

kvioT, iwodeboda Tu ara rodesme rusudanis monasteri òZrxis~ monastrad.

aRniSnul sakiTxs pirvelad istorikosi devi berZeniSvili Seexo. man

yuradReba miaqcia vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis im

savedrebels, romelic zemoT gvqonda motanili da daaskvna, rom am

warweraSi moxseniebuli òZrÃeleli dekanozi~ rusudanis monastris

dekanozi unda yofiliyo (berZeniSvili 2002: 4, 7, 10).

Cven ar viziarebT devi berZeniSvilis am mosazrebas da migvaCnia,

rom vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi òZrÃelelad~ moxseniebulia ara

90 ramdenadac CvenTvis aris cnobili, toponimi òZrÃe~ saqarTveloSi sxvagan arsad gvxvdeba, amitom, raime aRreva, am mxriv, praqtikulad, gamoricxulia. sxvaTa Soris, es daskvna sxva mxrivac aris mniSvnelovani. kerZod, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin gamodis, rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi Semonaxuli gvqonia aRniSnuli toponimis uiSviaTesi

109

dekanozi, aramed misi vaJi luka: `q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa,

dekanozis Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T.

j.)91. Sesabamisad, vanis qvabebis warweraSi dadasturebuli sityva òZrÃe-

leli~ ar gamodgeba imis samtkiceblad, rom Sua saukuneebSi rusudanis

monasteri òZrxis~ monastrad iwodeboda.

samagierod, devi berZeniSvilis daskvnis sasargeblod metyvelebs

àstrologiuri traqtatis~ II minaweri, sadac luka moqveli

moxseniebulia, rogorc òZÃis dekanozis~ vaJi: òZÃisa dekanozisa

forma òZÃe~, romelic gardamaval fonetikur variants warmoadgens adreuli peri-odis òZrÃesa~ da gviandel òcxes~ Soris: oZrÃe>oZÃe>ocxe (WinWarauli 1998: 102-113).

91 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, garkveul orazrovnebas Tavad savedreblis teqsti iwvevs, romelic avtors imgvarad aqvs dawerili, rom sityva òZrÃeleli~, erTi Sexed-viT, Tavisuflad miemarTeba rogorc lukas, ise _ mis mamas: `q. friada: codvilsa: oZ-

rÃelelsa: dekanozisa Svilsa lukas: Sn: | RTmn da: vinc: brZanT Tqvenca. Segivnes:

RTman amin iyavn~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 121). am detals pirvelad niko berZeniSvilma mi-aqcia yuradReba. man teqstSi moyvanili fraza `dekanozisa Svilsa~, rogorc Cans, lu-kas gvarad miiRo da warweris es adgilic Sesabamisi saxiT waikiTxa: `q. friad cod-vilsa oZrÃelelsa dekanozisSvilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 121). aq, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos SegveZlo dagveSva sapirispiro varaudic da gvefiqra, rom didi mecnieri sityva `dekanozs~ socialuri terminis mniSvnelobiT igebda, xolo frazas _ `dekanozisa Svilsa lukas~, moiazrebda, rogorc lukas mamis dekanozad mo-xseniebis faqts. Tumca, aseTi varaudi naklebad sarwmuno Cans. niko berZeniSvils `de-kanozi~ marTlac socialur terminad rom mieRo, maSin is am sityvas araviTar Sem-TxvevaSi ar gaaerTianebda momdevno sityva `SvilTan~, radgan aseTi SerwymiT termini `dekanozi~ saerTod kargavs sakuTar socialur bunebas da konkretuli gvaris _ `dekanozisSvilis~ mdgenelad iqceva. amrigad, safiqrebelia, rom niko berZeniSvili gansaxilav frazaSi _ `dekanozisa Svilsa lukas~, mxolod erT pirovnebas _ luka de-kanozisSvils xedavda da òZrÃelelic~, savaraudod, an lukas sasuliero wodebad an misi sadaurobis maCvenebel sityvad miaCnda. vanis qvabebis savedrebeltan dakav-SirebiT, niko berZeniSvilisagan gansxvavebuli azri gamoTqva devi berZeniSvilma. man warweraSi dadasturebuli `dekanozi~ socialur terminad gaigo da savedreblis pir-vel winadadebaSi ori sxvadasxva piri _ vinme dekanozi da misi vaJi _ luka gamoyo: `q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa dekanozisa Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman~. garda amisa, mkvlevarma miiCnia, rom lukas mama oZrxis monastris dekanozi unda yofiliyo (berZeniSvili 2002: 10). samwuxarod, publikaciaSi pirdapir ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu konkretulad ra arguments emyareboda avtori, rodesac oZrxis monastris dekanozad maincadamainc lukas mamas acxadebda. Tumca ki, safiqrebelia, rom is amgvar daskvnamde mxolod mas Semdeg unda misuliyo, rac sityva òZrÃelels~ ara lukas, aramed _ misi mamis wodebad gaiazrebda. Cven, Cvenis mxriv, gacilebiT ufro marTebuli gveCveneba devi berZeniSvilis dakvirvebebi. kerZod, savsebiT viziarebT mis im mosazrebas, rom fraza _ `dekanozisa Svilsa~ aRniSnavda ara lukas gvars, aramed mis mamisSvilobas. garda amisa, veTanxmebiT devi berZeniSvilis im daskvnasac, rom warweraSi moixsenieba ara erTi, aramed ori piri. Tumca, imavdroulad, gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba gvaqvs lukas mamis òZrÃelelad~ miCnevis Taobaze. Cveni dakvirvebiT, amgvar daSvebas sru-lebiT unda gamoricxavdes savedreblis teqsti. aq micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli msaz-Rvreli _ òZrÃelelsa~ SeTanxmebulia aseve micemiTSi dasmuli sazRvrulTan _ `lukas~-Tan da ara sityvasTan _ `dekanozisa~, romelic, Tavis mxriv, naTesaobiT brun-vaSia mocemuli da Tanac, Tavad warmoadgens msazRvrels momdevno sityvis, kerZod, sa-zRvrulisaTvis _ `Svilsa~. ase, rom winadadebis sintaqsuri wyoba swored imaze migviTiTebs, rom sityva òZrÃelelsa~ miemarTeba ara `dekanozisa~-s, aramed _ `lukas~

110

Svilsa lukasa Seundos RmerTman~. vfiqrobT, aranair eWvs ar iwvevs is

faqti, rom am kolofonSi dadasturebuli termini `dekanozi~ saeklesio

piris wodebas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, am saeklesio piris samoRvaweo

savane òZÃec~ ueWvelad cixe-qalaq oZrxis midamoebSi moqmed raime

sasuliero centrs unda gulisxmobdes, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sxva

araferi SeiZleba iyos, Tu ara rusudanis monasteri.

amrigad, irkveva, rom rusudanis monasteri Sua saukuneebSi marTlac

iwodeboda òZÃis~ anu òZrxis~ monastrad. ase, rom am mxriv, TiTqos

kidev ufro damajerebeli xdeba mosazreba, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi

moxseniebuli òZÃe~ aRniSnavda oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasters,

xolo luka moqvelis òZÃeloba~||òZrÃeleloba~ gulisxmobda mis mier

winamZRvrisa Tu moZRvris saxelos flobas am monasterSi.

miRebuli daskvnis Semdeg logikurad Cndeba kiTxva _ SeiZleboda

Tu ara, rom garejuli krebulis minawerebis avtors erTdroulad

etarebina rogorc moqveli episkoposis maRali samRvdelmTavro xarisxi,

ise oZrxis monastris winamZRvrisa Tu moZRvris, e. i. saeklesio

ierarqiaSi gacilebiT ufro dabla mdgomi sasuliero piris wodeba?

dasmul kiTxavze pasuxis gacemis mizniT, SevniSnavT, rom saqarTve-

los eklesiis istoria mravlad icnobs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac esa

Tu is episkoposi, samRvdelmTavro tituliT moxseniebis paralelurad,

ama Tu im monastris arqimandritad, winamZRvrad an moZRvrad iwodeboda.

magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia davasaxeloT XVI saukunis anCeli mTavarepis-

koposi qerabini, vinac mRvdelmTavrobis paralelurad, berTis monastris

winamZRvari da parexTa savanis moZRvaric iyo: èse wigni movaÃxsene me,

mTavarebiskopozman anCelman qerabin da berTisa winamZRuÀrman [!] da

parexTaman moZRuÀrman [!] TquÀn, berTisa da parexTa R(mr)TismSobelsa...~

(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 322). aqve, SegviZlia

gavixsenoT XVI saukunis miwurulis ucnobi ninowmideli episkoposic,

vinac, mRvdelmTavrobis paralelurad, garejis monastrebis `makur-

Txevelisa da arqimandritis~ anu `garejelis~ titulsac atarebda: `gamo-

vida maRali brZanebuleba, rom amJamad bednieris, monazonTa [Soris] rCe-

da calsaxad gulisxmobs, rom òZrÃelelad~ iwodeba ara dekanozi, e. i. lukas mama, aramed _ Tavad luka.

111

ulis, ninowmindeli episkopozis garejelis mimarT...~ (fuTuriZe 1955: 43.

Sdr.: meliqseT-begi 1949: 153-157) da sxv.

CamonaTvalis gagrZeleba kidev SeiZleboda, magram, vfiqrobT, moxmo-

bili masala savsebiT sakmarisia imisaTvis, raTa luka moqvelis oZrxis

monastris winamZRvrad Tu moZRvrad yofnis faqti, saeklesio ierarqiis

TvalsazrisiT, savsebiT bunebriv movlenad miviCnioT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ganxiluli hipoTeza sakmaod dasabuTebulad

gamoiyureba, mainc arsebobs erTi, metad mniSvnelovani garemoeba, rom-

elic garkveul eWvs badebs Cvens mier daSvebuli am versiisadmi.

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs geografiuli faqtori.

daviwyoT imiT, rom moqvis saepiskoposo taZari mdebareobs dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, àfxazeTSi, oCamCiris raionis sofel moqvSi, mdinare

moqvTan misi marjvena Senakadis mdinare dvabis SeerTebis adgilas~

(xorava 1998: 47). rac Seexeba oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasters, is

mdebareobs moqvidan ramdenime aseuli kilometris daSorebiT, samxreT

saqarTveloSi, samcxeSi, cixe-qalaq oZrxis maxloblad, mdinareebis _

kurcxanasa da ocxiswylis SesayarTan (berZeniSvili 2002: 4, 7, 10).

maSasadame, irkveva, rom moqvis saepiskoposo kaTedrasa da oZrxis

monasters Soris moqceulia uzarmazari teritoria, sadac gansaxilav

periodSi anu XIV saukuneSi, sul mcire, oTxi sxva saepiskoposo mainc

moqmedebda: bediis, caiSis, Wyondidis da quTaisisa. aseTi geografiuli

daSorebis pirobebSi ki, moqvis episkopossa da oZrxis monasters Soris,

raime saxis eparqiul-ierarqiul urTierTmimarTebaze saubari, cxadia,

savsebiT ararealuria.

garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva mniSvnelovani garemoebac.

kerZod, moqvis saepiskoposo afxazeTis sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSi

Sedioda, romelic 1360-iani wlebisaTvis qarTlis sapatriarqosagan

naxevrad damoukidebel eklesias warmoadgenda. rac Seexeba oZrxis monas-

ters, is awyuris eparqiis teritoriaze mdebareobda, romelic, Tavis

mxriv, qarTlis sapatriarqoSi Semavali erT-erTi saepiskoposo iyo.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naklebad sarwmunoa, rom luka moqveli

erTsa da imave dros, dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi anu afxazeTis

sakaTolikosoSi episkoposi yofiliyo, xolo aRmosavleT saqrTvelos

112

eklesiaSi anu qarTlis sapatriarqoSi erT-erTi monastris winamZRvrisa

Tu moZRvris wodeba etarebina. Sesabamisad, luka moqvelis oZrxis mo-

nastris winamZRvrad Tu moZRvrad miCneva, am mxrivac, raime myar

safuZvelsaa moklebuli.

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg gadavdivarT momdevno savaraudo

versiaze da vsvamT kiTxvas _ xom ar aRniSnavda Ven.4-is minawerebSi

dadasturebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi _ òZÃeli~ da òZrÃeleli~ luka

moqvelis gvars da imavdroulad, mis naTesaur kavSirs cixe-qalaqi

oZrxis mflobelTa anu oZrxelTa feodalur saxlTan?

amgvar daSvebaSi ucnauri da miuRebeli, erTi SexedviT, araferia.

kolofonebis teqstSi aRniSnulia maTi damweris saxeli (luka), gvari

(oZrxeli||oZrxeleli) da sasuliero wodeba (moqveli).

marTlac, CvenTvis cnobilia sxva moqvel episkoposTa minawerebi,

sadac am mRvdelmTavarTa saxelisa da saepiskoposo wodebis garda,

moxseniebulia maTi gvaric: `sulsa moq[ve]l mTavar ebikopossa [!]

CxetiZesa filipessa S(eundv)nes R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia

_ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 315); ùfalo iesu qriste, RmerTo, adide orTave

cxorebaTa madidebeli Seni moqvel mTavarebiskoposi efTÂmi sayvarelis-

Ze~ (metreveli ... 1957: 52) da sxv.

Sesabamisad, TiTqos araferi gviSlis xels, davaskvnaT, rom

garejuli krebulis minawerebSi dadasturebuli formebi òZÃeli~ da

òZrÃeleli~ luka moqvelis aRniSnavda gvars.

meore mxriv, amgvar daSvebas, praqtikulad, gamoricxavs erTi metad

mniSvnelovani garemoeba _ saistorio wyaroebisaTvis ucnobia cixe-qalaq

oZrxis mflobeliTa feodaluri saxli, romlis wevrebic oZrxelis

gvars atarebdnen (berZeniSvili 2002).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, savsebiT cxadi xdeba, rom formebis:

òZÃelisa~ da òZrÃelelis~ luka moqvelis gvarad miCneva metismetad

hipoTetur daSvebas warmoadgens da am versiis gaziareba raime

damatebiTi argumentaciis gareSe yovlad SeuZlebelia.

amrigad, zemoT daSvebuli sami savaraudo versiidan mxolod erTi,

rigiT mesame hipoTeza gvrCeba, romlis Tanaxmadac leqsikuri erTeulebi

113

_ òZÃeli~ da òZrÃeleli~ aRniSnavda luka moqvelis sadaurobas, ufro

zustad ki, mis warmomavlobas cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan.

swored am, mesame versiis sasargeblod metyvelebs garejuli

krebulis minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi dadasturebuli

erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba. kerZod, Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom luka

moqveli Ven.4-is II kolofonis teqstSi sakuTar Tavs òZÃels~ uwodebda,

xolo amave xelnaweris IV minawersa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi anu

TiTqmis identur konteqstSi, sakuTar Tavs òZrÃelelad~ moixseniebda.

garejuli krebulis II minaweri: `codvili moquli oZÃeli luka geved-

rebiT~; Ven.4-is IV kolofoni: `moqulsa oZrÃelelsa lukas RmerTman Se-

undvnes~; vanis qvabebis warwera: `q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa,

dekanozis Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~.

aRniSnul faqts, ufro zustad ki, leqsikur erTeulebs òZrxelsa~

da òZrÃelels~ yuradReba sagangebod miaqcia devi berZeniSvilma. misi

dakvirvebiT, forma òZrxeli~||òcxeli~ warmomdgaria òZrxedan~, maSin,

roca forma òZrÃeleli~ nawarmoebi unda iyos òZrÃevidan~ (berZeni-

Svili 2002: 10).

Tu devi berZeniSvilis dakvirveba sworia, rac marTlac ase Cans,

maSin gamodis, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi dadasturebuli leqsikuri

erTeulebi _ òZÃeli~ da òZrÃeleli~, rogorc formoblivi, ise

Sinaarsoblivi TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan.

kerZod, forma òZrÃeleli~ warmomdgaria sakmaod vrceli istoriul-

geografiuli qveynis _ oZrxevis anu oZrxis xevis saxelwodebidan da

aRniSnavs ama Tu im piris Temobriv kuTvnilebas oZrxis xevisadmi. rac

Seexeba forma òZÃels~, is nawarmoebia oZrxis xevis erT-erTi punqtis,

cixe-qalaqi oZrxis saxelwodebidan da miuTiTebs, rom esa Tu is piri

warmomavlobiT konkretulad cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan iyo.

Tu Cveni es dakvirveba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom luka moqveli

Tavdapirvelad oZrxis xevSi, igive, oZrxevSi, konkretulad ki, am sakmaod

vrceli istoriul-geografiuli qveynis administraciul centrSi _ cixe-

qalaq oZrxeSi cxovrobda (Sdr.: berZeniSvili 2002).

Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom luka moqveli garejuli

krebulis IV minawersa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi aqcents akeTebda

114

sakuTar Temobriv wamomavlobaze da Tavs òZrÃelels~ anu oZrxis xevis,

igive oZrxevis macxovrebels uwodebda, xolo Ven.4-is II kolofonSi

kidev ufro metad akonkretebda sakuTar warmomavlobas da Tavs

òZÃelad~ anu cixe-qalaq oZrxis mkvidr moqalaqed moixseniebda.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, gansaxilavi sakiTxis swored amgvari

interpretaciis sasargeblod unda miuTiTebdes A-65-is II kolofonSi

daculi erTi cnobac, romlis Tanaxmadac luka moqvelis mama òZÃis

dekanozi~ anu cixe-qalaq oZrxis ganapiras mdebare rusudanis monasterSi

moRvawe sasuliero piri iyo (Sdr.: berZeniSvili 2002: 7, 10).

marTlac, YTuki aRniSnul cnobas garejuli krebulis minawerebisa

da vanis qvabebis savedrebelis im fragmentebsac davumatebT, sadac luka

moqveli sakuTar Tavs òZÃelad~ da òZrÃelelad~ moixseniebs,

vfiqrobT, sakmarisi safuZveli gveqneba imisaTvis, raTa luka moqvelis,

misi mamisa da savaraudod, mTeli maTi ojaxis sacxovrebel adgilad

namdvilad cixe-qalaqi oZrxe miviCnioT.

amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, dasabuTe-

bul axsnas vuZebniT garejuli krebulis minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis

savedrebelSi luka moqvelis òZÃelad~ da òZrÃelelad~ moxseniebis

faqts da gamovTqvamT mosazrebas, rom luka moqvis episkoposad

xeldasxmamde samxreT saqarTveloSi, samcxis erT-erT TemSi, oZrxevSi,

igive oZrxis xevSi cxovrobda da cixe-qalaq oZrxis mkvidri iyo.

garda amisa, vanis qvabebis warweridan da A-65-is kolofonebidan

cnobili xdeba luka moqvelis biografiis kidev erTi saintereso

detali. irkveva, rom amave cixe-qalaq oZrxeSi cxovrobda luka moqvelis

ojaxic, romlis ufrosic _ luka moqvelis mama, visi saxelic CvenTvis,

jerjerobiT, ucnobia, sasuliero piri iyo, iqve, cixe-qalaq oZrxis

ganapiras mdebare oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasterSi moRvaweobda da

sakmaod maRal samRvdelo wodebas _ dekanozobas flobda.

dasasrul, unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom luka moqvelis

biografiasTan dakavSirebuli saistorio masalis Seswavlis Sedegad,

dRis wesrigSi dadga ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelTa

gadawyvetac am etapze ver SevZeliT da jerjerobiT, Riad davtoveT.

kerZod, gaurkveveli dagvrCa, Tu ra azrobriv datvirTvas atarebs A-65-is

115

I kolofonis dasawyisSi, trafaretuli savedrebeli teqstis win

miTiTebuli sityva ìlorisa~ (?); ver davadgineT im monastrisa Tu

eklesiis raoba da adgilmdebareoba, sadac luka moqvelma moixila da

minawerebi daurTo àstrologiur traqtats~ da sxv. gamovTqvamT imeds,

rom am da samomavlod wamoWril sxva kiTxvebs Semdgomi samecniero

kvleva-Zieba gascems pasuxs.

116

$3. artanujeli piligrimis

giorgi lomas-Zis minaweri (XV s.)92

gansaxilavi savedrebeli minaweri Sesrulebulia Ven.4-is 187r-s Sua

monakveTze. misi zoma daaxloebiT 16,5 X 10,5 santimetria. teqsti naweria

Cinebuli mxedruliTa da mwignobrobaSi gawafuli xeliT, oTx stri-

qonad. qaragmad naxmaria saSualo zomis maryuJi, romlis marjvniv

mimarTuli bolo SesamCnevad aris dagrZelebuli. gankveTilobis niSne-

bad gamoyenebulia yoveli sityvis Semdeg dasmuli orwertili. minaweris

bolos gamoyvanilia sami wertili da maT qvemoT gavlebuli patara

ganivi xazi. kolofonis II striqonis bolo grafemis _ o marjvena kide

moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmenti garkveviT

gavarCieT venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi yofnis dros, xelnaweris

originalze muSaobisas, neonis naTuris gamWoli Suqis daxmarebiT.

teqstis dasawyisSi dasmulia mxedruliT gadmocemuli qanwili. IV

striqonis bolo sityvaSi grafema _ i SewiaRebulia grafemis _ g

mucelSi. minawers TariRi ar uzis.

q: saflavo: q˜tso: da:

juaro: patio

sano: Seiwyale: artanuje

li: lomasZe: g˜i:.

q. saflavo q(ris)t(e)so da | juaro patio|sano, Seiwyale artanuje|li

lomas-Ze g(iorg)i.

kolofons, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT zemoT, TariRi ar uzis.

samagierod, misi qronologiis Sesaxeb garkveul miniSnebas gvTavazobs

Ven.4-is imave 187r-s zeda naxevarze warmodgenili kidev erTi mxedruli

minaweri. es ukanaskneli moqvel episkoposs luka oZrxels ekuTvnis da

92 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili gamoqveynebuli gvaqvs 2006 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: àrtanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis savedrebeli (XV s.) ierusalimSi gadatanili 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2006).

117

1363 wliT aris daTariRebuli (jojua 2003g: 34-36). am ori minaweris

Sesrulebis Tanamimdevrobaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom giorgi

artanujels sakuTari savedrebeli luka oZrxelis kolofonis gaT-

valiswinebiT aqvs dawerili. Sesabamisad, misi qveda qronologiuri

zRvari mtkiced SeiZleba ganisazRvros 1363 wliT.

giorgi artanujelis savedrebelis daTariRebisaTvis aranakleb

saintereso masalas gvawvdis Tavad kolofonis paleografiuli mxare.

teqstSi sakmaod specifiuri saxiT aris gadmocemulia mxedruli grafema

_ a. aq mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs III striqonis bolo sityvis _ artanuje|li

pirveli da IV striqonis meore sityvis _ lomasZe meoTxe grafemebi. ori-

ve dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi, grafemis _ a zeda bolodan amozrdilia

sakmaod grZeli zigzagiseburi vertikaluri xazi. zustad analogiuri

tipis vertikaluri xazi axlavs III striqonis rigiT mesame grafemis _ n

qudis marjvena kidesac. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia I striqonis

rigiT meSvide grafema _ v. am ukanasknelis marcxniv da qvemoT mimarTu-

li `xorTumi~ gacilebiT ufro Zirs aris daSvebuli vidre amave grafe-

mis didi zomis Tavisa da SedarebiT mokle fexis damakavSirebeli kbili.

aRniSnuli paleografiuli Taviseburebebisa da mTeli rigi sxva

monacemebis mixedviT, giorgi artanujelis savedrebeli arsebiT msgav-

sebas amJRavnebs XV saukunis mxedruli damwerlobis mravalricxovan

nimuSebTan. winamdebare naSromSi am rigis Zeglebidan SegviZlia davasa-

xeloT ramdenime teqsti: saqarTvelos mefis aleqsandre I-is (1412-1442 ww.)

1430 wlis sigeli avTandil zevdginiZisadmi (Hd-1348) (abulaZe 1973a: 284-

285, 380); imave mefe aleqsandre I-is 1441 wlis sigeli sionis RmrTis-

mSoblis eklesiisadmi (Hd-1348) (abulaZe 1973a: 286-287, 380); saqarTvelos

mefis giorgi VIII-is (1446-1466 ww.) sigeli samcxeTo soflebisadmi (Hd-1370)

(abulaZe 1973a: 288-289, 380) da sxv.

amrigad, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin giorgi artanujelis

savedrebelis qronologia zogadad XV saukuniT unda ganisazRvros.

kolofonis daTariRebis Semdeg Cvens yuradRebas axla ukve dam-

weris vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi iqcevs. teqstSi savedrebelis

avtors Tavi moxseniebuli hyavs, rogorc àrtanujeli lomas-Ze giorgi~:

`q. saflavo qristeso da juaro patiosano, Seiwyale artanujeli lomas-

118

Ze giorgi~. aqedan, absoluturad naTelia, rom kolofonis damwers

saxelad giorgi hqvia.

gacilebiT ufro rTuli asaxsneli Cans misi àrtanujelad~ da

`lomas-Zed~ moxseniebis mizezebi. marTlac, citirebul teqstze

dayrdnobiT, Tavisuflad SeiZleba gamoiTqvas ori savaraudo mosazreba:

1. giorgis àrtanujeloba~ niSnavs mis wodebasa Tu tituls, xolo

`lomas-Zeoba~ _ vinme lomas Svilobas; 2. savedrebelis avtoris

àrtanujeloba~ migviTiTebs mis sadaurobaze, xolo `lomas-Zeoba~ ki _

missave gvareulobaze.

ganvixiloT orive SesaZlo varianti. vinaidan teqstis nebismieri

saxiT gaazrebis SemTxvevaSi, kolofonis avtori a priori dakavSirebuli

Cans saxelovan cixe-qalaq artanujTan, daviwyebT am ukanasknelis

istoriis ZiriTadi etapebis mimoxilviT.

cixe-qalaqi artanuji mdebareobs istoriuli samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos erT-erTi udidesi provinciis _ klarjeTis teritoriaze,

mdinare artanujiswylis marcxena napirze (berZeniSvili 1997a; xoStaria

1996). artanuji V saukunis meore naxevramde soflis tipis dasaxlebas

warmoadgenda. daaxlobiT 470-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperiis winaaRmdeg

mowyobili laSqrobidan ukan dabrunebulma qarTlis mefe vaxtang

gorgasalma (V s-is II nax.) gzad artanujze Camoiara da soflis

maxloblad aRmarTuli uzarmazari kldovani koncxis Txemze cixe-

simagris ageba brZana. artanujis cixis mSenebloba klarjeTis

axladdadgenil erisTavs artavazs daevala. qarTveli mematianis juanSer

juanSerianis (VIII s.) cnobiT, artavazma mefis brZaneba warmatebiT

Seasrula da cixe-simagris mSenebloba misi erisTavobis periodSive

gaasrula (juanSeri 1955: 178-179; musxeliSvili 2003: 139-143, 163, 190).

daaxloebiT orsaukunenaxevaris Semdeg, 735 wels arabma sardalma

mervin ibn-muhamedma, sxvagvarad _ murvan yrum gamanadgurebeli laSqro-

bebi moawyo saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebisa da, maT Soris, klar-

jeTis teritoriaze. sumbat daviTis-Zis (XI s.) saistorio Txzulebis

`cxorebaÁ da uwyebaÁ bagratonianTa~-s uwyebiT, arabebma ise sastikad

aaoxres artanuji, rom aq cxovreba ramdenime aTwleulis manZilze

saerTod Sewyda (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 44-45; lorTqifaniZe 1988: 306-307).

119

imave sumbatis Tanaxmad, mogvianebiT, IX saukunis dasawyisSi SavSeT-

klarjeTSi damkvidrebulma qarTlis yofilma erismTavarma, bagrationTa

feodaluri saxlis cnobilma warmomadgenelma aSot I-ma kurapalatma (†

826 w.) axladdaarsebuli qarTvelTa samefos dedaqalaqad swored

arabTagan mooxrebuli artanuji SearCia da didi Rvawlic gaswia misi

ganaxleba-aRSenebisaTvis (TayaiSvili 1949: 45; musxeliSvili 1980: 174;

lorTqifaniZe 1988: 306-308).

kidev ufro mogvianebiT, IX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi aSot

kurapalatis mravalricxovan Camomavlebs Soris daiwyo sisxlismRvreli

brZolebi feodaluri samflobeloebis gamijvnisa da gavlenis sferoebis

ganawilebisaTvis. Sedegad, erTiani samefos teritoriaze Camoyalibda

ori, faqtobrivad damoukidebeli samTavro: taosi _ centriT banaSi (?)

da klarjeTisa _ centriT artanujSi (lorTqifaniZe 1973: 453-460).

axalma politikurma realiebma mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana

bagrationTa samefo saxlis oficialur titulaturaSi. am mxriv,

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa klarji xelmwifeebis ojaxi, romlis

pirvelma (?) pirebma, gamomdinare iqidan, rom maT mTavar rezidencias

cixe-qalaqi artanuji warmoadgenda, anTipatos-patrikiosis, mamfalis,

erisTavTerisTavisa da sxvaTa garda, artanujelis sapatio wodebac

daimkvidres (lorTqifaniZe 1973: 453-460; TayaiSvili 1949: 42-50, tab. I-II).

artanujelis sapatio wodebis warmoSobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxs

sagangebod exeba XVIII saukunis cnobili qarTveli mecnieri vaxuSti

bagrationi (1696-1756 ww.). misi TqmiT, `sumbats, Zesa adarnasesa

(igulisxmeba klarji xelmwife sumbat I mamfali († 889 w.) _ T. j.), mosca

keisarman anTipatoba da daipyra aman artanuji. amisTÂs ewoda

artanujeli~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 697). Cveni azriT, swavluli

batoniSvilis dakvirveba arsebiTad swori da gasaziarebeli unda iyos.

dReisaTvis werilobiT wyaroebSi dadasturebulia artanujelis

titulis matarebeli eqvsi (?) klarji xelmwife: 1. sumbat I artanujeli,

mamfali da anTipatos-patrikiosi († 889 w) _ SviliSvili aSot I

kurapalatisa da vaJi adarnase I-isa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 47, 49, 51; 136

tab. I-II, 80); 2. bagrat I artanujeli, mamfali da magistrosi († 909 w.) _

vaJi sumbat I artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 49-51; TayaiSvili 1949:

120

tab. I-II, 83); 3. sumbat II artanujeli (?), anTipatos-patrikiosi _ mamis

Zmiswuli bagrat I artanujelisa da vaJi aSot II kekelasi (sumbat

daviTis-Ze 1990: 47; TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II, 82-83); 4. sumbat III

artanujeli, erisTavTerisTavi († 988 w.) _ Zmiswuli bagrat I

artanujelisa da vaJi daviT I mamfalisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 51-52;

TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II, 84); 5. bagrat II artanujeli († 988 w.) _ vaJi

sumbat III artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 52-53; TayaiSvili 1949:

tab. I-II); dabolos, 6. sumbat IV artanujeli († 1011 w.) _ vaJi bagrat II

artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 52-53; TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II).

klarji xelmwifeebis mmarTveloba maincadamainc xangrZlivi ar

yofila. daaxloebiT 1008-1010 wlebSi gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefem

bagrat III-m (975-1014 ww.) tyved Seipyro klarjeTis bagrationTa ori

upirvelesi warmomadgeneli _ sumbat IV artanujeli da gurgen VI

klarji. patimrobaSi myofi gvirgvinosani Zmebi 1011-1012 (?) wlebSi

erTimeoris miyolebiT aResrulnen Tmogvis cixeSi. maTma memkvidreebma _

bagrat sumbatis Zem da demetre gurgenis Zem bizantiaSi gaqceviT

uSveles Tavs, saqarTveloSi darCenili sxva klarji bagrationebi ki

bagrat III-is mier gatarebuli represiuli zomebis msxverplni Seiqnen

(sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 53; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 159).

XI saukunis 20-iani wlebis bolosaTvis artanuji mTeli klarjeTis

momcveli samxedro-administraciuli erTeulis _ saerisTavos centrad

gvevlineba. ucnobi avtoris saistorio Txzulebis `matiane qarTlisas~

(XI s.) Tanaxmad, 1028 wels, roca SavSma azanurebma saqarTveloSi

SemoWril bizantielebs RalatiT gadasces maTdami daqvemdebarebuli

cixeebi, artanuji mtkiced epyra erisTav ioane abusers (matiane

qarTlisa 1955: 292-293; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 179-180).

amJamindeli monacemebis mixedviT, specialuri literatura

artanujis samad sami erisTavis saxels icnobs. amasTan, samive maTgani XI

saukunis I naxevris moRvawed warmogvidgeba: 1. erisTavi ioane abuseri

(ixsenieba 1028 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) (matiane qarTlisa 1955:

293; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 179-180; baxtaZe 2003: 265, 271); 2. artanujis

erisTavi abuseri (ixsenieba 1045-1047 wlebis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) _

savaraudod, vaJi ioane abuserisa (matiane qarTlisa 1955: 300-301;

121

SoSiaSvili 1997a; baxtaZe 2003: 265-266, 271); 3. artanujis erisTavi

grigoli (ixsenieba 1047 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) _ vaJi abuser

abuserisZisa (matiane qarTlisa 1955: 301-302; metreveli 1998: 74, 77, 144, 215-

216; SoSiaSvili 1997b; baxtaZe 2003: 266-267, 271).

1047 wels uzomod gaZlierebulma qarTvelma feodalma liparit

baRvaSma aryiscixesTan gamarTul brZolaSi sastikad daamarcxa

saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is (1027-1072 ww.) laSqari da sxva qarTvel

didebulebTan erTad tyved Caigdo artanujis erisTavi grigol

abuserisZe. tyveobaSi myofma erisTavma artanujis cixe liparits gadasca

(matiane qarTlisa 1955: 301-302; berZeniSvili 1997b; SoSiaSvili 1997b). 1057

wels bagrat IV-is erTguli feodali sula kalamaxeli moulodnelad

Tavs daesxa liparit baRvaSs da xelT igdo igi. sapatio tyve mefes

mihgvares. bagrat IV-m damarcxebul mowinaaRmdeges xmliT mitacebuli

cixe-qalaqebi, maT Soris, artanujic CamoarTva (matiane qarTlisa 1955:

304-305; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 166-167; baxtaZe 2003: 266).

1057 wlidan moyolebuli vidre XIII saukunis 80-ian wlebamde

aranairi pirdapiri cnoba ar mogvepoveba artanujis administraciuli

statusis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, dabejiTebiT arc imis Tqma ar SegviZlia,

Tu aRniSnul periodSi konkretulad vis daqvemdebarebaSia es

umniSvnelovanesi cixe-qalaqi (Sdr.: baxtaZe 2003: 268-270).

ufro garkveuli suraTi gvaqvs XIII saukunis meore naxevrisaTvis.

qarTveli istorikosis JamTaaRmwerlis (XIV s.) Tanaxmad, 1280-ian wlebSi

artanuji da TiTqmis mTeli istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelo samcxis

mTavars beqa I jayels (1285-1306 ww.) uWiravs, romelic, saqarTvelos

samefo karisadmi nominaluri morCilebis pirobebSi, uSualod

emorCileba ilxanTa yaens (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 273; lominaZe 1979a: 599-

600; guCua 1997b). JamTaaRmwerlis cnobiT, zustad analogiuri

mdgomareobaa 1299 wlisTvisac, roca aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefo

taxts beqa I-is SviliSvili, mefe demetre II-is (1272-1289 ww.) vaJi giorgi

V brwyinvale (1299, 1318-1346 ww.) ikavebs (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 304;

lominaZe 1979a: 599-600; guCua 1997b).

1308 wels beqa I gardaicvala, samcxis samTavro ki misi vaJebis _

sargisis, yvaryvaresa da Salvas xelSi gadavida (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 323;

122

kakabaZe 1912: 5-6). miuxedavad imisa, rom SuaTana Zma yvaryvare sakmaod

aqtiur rols asrulebs imdroindel politkur procesebSi

(JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 324; lominaZe 1979b: 624), samcxis samTavros pirvel

pirad mainc beqa I-is ufrosi vaJi sargis II (1308-1334 ww.) gvevlineba

(guCua 1985; guCua 1997b. Sdr.: JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 297, 308, 312-315;

lominaZe 1979b: 629, 645).

ufrosi Zmebisagan gansxvavebiT, politikur asparezze praqtikulad ar

Cans beqa I-is umcrosi vaJis Salvas saxeli. samagierod, mis moxseniebas

vawydebiT ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris aRapebSi _ aq vkiT-

xulobT: `[Tuesa sekdenbersa k (20)]. amasve dResa wirv(a)Á da aRapi saukunoÁ

beqasa Sv(i)lisa SalvaÁsi, Seundven RmerTman~ (metreveli 1962: 81, 124).

savaraudod, swored Salva da misi vaJi, saxelovani papis mosaxele

(?) beqa unda iyvnen moxseniebulni vanis saxarebis (A-1335) (XII-XIII ss.) erT

gviandel minawerSic. aRniSnuli kolofoni, romelsac akademikosi

eqvTime TayaiSvili XIII-XIV saukuneebiT aTariRebs, gvamcnobs: `†.

Semoswira wmidaÁ ese oTxTavi patronman naTiaman, Cuen, saboTarsa da

SoraTelTa pirvel xatsa macxovarisasa da wm(ida)sa g[iorg]i SoraTisasa

da w(mida)sa nik[olo]zs saaRaped misisa meuRlisa beqaisa, Salva artanu-

jelisaÁ SvilisaTuis da misTuis da Cuen gauCineT aRapi~ (SaraSiZe 1954b:

410; TayaiSvili 1907: 17, 19. Sdr.: baxtaZe 2003: 270-271).

Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da vanis saxarebis minawerSi dadastu-

rebuli Salva artanujeli namdvilad beqa I-is vaJia, maSin dabejiTebiT

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Salvas, rogorc samcxis samTavro saxlis umcros

warmomadgenels pirad mflobelobaSi miuRia cixe-qalaqi artanuji da

Sesabamisad, daumkvidrebia artanujelis jer kidev 1010-ian wlebSi

gamqrali sapatio wodeba.

imave XIV saukuneSi artanujelis wodebas samcxis samTavro saxlis

kidev erTi umcrosi warmomadgeneli atarebs. es aris SaSia _ Zmiswuli

Salva artanujelisa da Zma aTabag yvaryvare I-isa (1334-1361 ww.) (kakabaZe

1912: 4-7; doliZe 1953: 285; SaraSiZe 1961: 21-22, 59; guCua 1985; guCua 1986).

profesor sargis kakabaZis azriT, SaSia artanujeli XIV saukunis II

naxevaris moRvawea (kakabaZe 1912: 4-7; metreveli 1962: 93, 157). igi

moxseniebulia ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris erT-erTi

123

saaRape Canaweris teqstSi: `[Tuesa ianvarsa À (8)]. am(a)sve dR(e)sa wirvaÁ

da aR(a)pi sargisis Svilisa SaSiasi artanuj(e)lisa, Seundven RmerTman~

(metreveli 1962: 93, 158).

rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqstis mixedviT, XIV saukunis meore

naxevarSi artanujelis wodeba axla ukve samcxis moqmedi mTavris

yvaryvare I-is umcros Zmas hqonia miRebuli (Sdr.: batoniSvili vaxuSti

1973: 258; baxtaZe 2003: 270-271).

amrigad, cixe-qalaq artanujis XV saukunemdeli istoriis ZiriTadi

etapebis gacnoba gviCvenebs, rom artanujelis tituli drois mxolod

or konkretul monakveTSi iyo mimoqcevaSi. pirvelad _ X saukunis 80-iani

(?) wlebidan vidre 1011 wlamde periodSi, xolo meored _ mTeli (?) XIV

saukunis ganmavlobaSi.

aqve, darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas isic, rom orive dasaxelebul

periodSi artanujelis maRali wodebis matarebeli pirebi uSualod

flobdnen cixe-qalaq artanujs da maTi titulic aqedan iyo

warmomdgari.

paralelurad amisa, daikvirveba erTi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebac. Tu

klarjeTis samTavroSi (igulisxmeba 980-iani ww.-1011 w.) artanujelis

wodebas, ZiriTadad, bagrationTa samefo saxlis ufrosi (?)

warmomadgenlebi, igive _ klarji xelmwifeebi flobdnen, samcxis

samTavroSi (igulisxmeba XIV s.) igive tituli jayelTa feodaluri

ojaxis umcros warmomadgenlebs, ufro zustad ki, samcxis moqmedi

mTavrebis umcros Zmebs hqondaT damkvidrebuli.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, logikurad ibadeba kiTxva _ xom ar

warmoadgens Ven.4-is zemoT ganxiluli minaweris avtoris _ giorgi

lomas-Zis àrtanujeloba~ zustad analogiuri rigis movlenas da xom

ar gvevlineba es ukanaskneli XV saukunis samcxis samTavro saxlis erT-

erT umcros warmomadgenlad?

dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis mizniT, detalurad gavecaniT

samcxis samTavros XV saukunis istorias. aRmoCnda, rom werilobiT

wyaroebSi dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli am periodSi moRvawe

jayelTa feodaluri saxlis ToTxmeti mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli.

124

aqedan, Svidi piri erTimeoris miyolebiT flobs samcxis aTabagobas.

eseni arian: 1. aTabagi ivane II (1391-1444 ww.) _ vaJi aTabag beqa II-isa

(lomsaZe 1980; SaraSiZe 1961: 86-87, 147); 2. aTabagi aRbuRa II (1444-1451 ww.) _

ufrosi vaJi ivane II-isa (lominaZe 1997; SaraSiZe 1961: 133, 135); 3. aTabagi

yvaryvare II (1451-1498 ww.) _ umcrosi vaJi ivane II-isa (lomsaZe 1986b;

SaraSiZe 1954a: 197-204, 207-209, 215-216, 221, 231, 233-240, 279; SaraSiZe 1961: 15,

18, 61, 72, 74, 78, 81-85, 87-94, 133-136, 147-148); 4. aTabagi qaixosro I (1498-1500

ww.) _ ufrosi vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1986a; SaraSiZe 1954a: 198-204,

207-208, 210, 215-216, 221, 279; SaraSiZe 1961: 16, 19, 74, 78, 134, 136-137); 5. aTabagi

mzeWabuki (1500-1515 ww.) _ rigiT meore vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1983b;

SaraSiZe 1954a: 198-200, 202-204, 208-211, 213, 215-216, 235; SaraSiZe 1961: 16, 19,

72, 74, 94-97, 134, 136-138); 6. aTabagi manuCar I (1515-1518 ww.) _ rigiT meeqvse

(?) vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1983a. Sdr.: SaraSiZe 1954a: 204-205, 208;

SaraSiZe 1961: 30, 98-101, 134, 136); 7. aTabagi yvaryvare III, igive _ nav-

yvaryvare (1516-1535 ww.) _ vaJi qaixosro I-isa (lomsaZe 1986b; 117 72, 74-76,

78, 134, 138).

rac Seexeba danarCen Svid pirs, isini aq dasaxelebul aTabagTa

ojaxis wevrebi, ufro konkretulad ki, yvaryvare II-is vaJebi arian.

CamovTvliT maT saxelebs: 1. baadur († 1474 w.) (guCua 1997a; SaraSiZe 1954a:

198-200, 202-205, 207-208, 210, 215-216, 258; SaraSiZe 1961: 133-136); 2. ianqo († 1505

w.) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 208-209; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 3. oravJanda (gard. 1505

w-is Semdg.) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 208; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 4. marTalixon

(gard. 1515 w-mde) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 207-208, 215; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 5.

TamTan (dab. 1489-1498 ww-Si) (SaraSiZe 1961: 83-85, 137); 6. sazuereli (dab.

1489-1498 ww-Si) (SaraSiZe 1961: 83, 85, 137); 7. saluzayan (dab. 1489-1498 ww-Si)

(SaraSiZe 1961: 83, 85, 137).

rogorc vxedavT, Cvens mier moxmobil anTroponimTa sakmaod vrcel

CamonaTvalSi saerTod ar Cans saxeli giorgi. ar dasturdeba arc

anTroponimi loma, romelic, Cveni pirveli samuSao hipoTezis Tanaxmad,

giorgi artanujelis mamis saxeli unda iyos. dasasrul, yvelafer amas

unda davamatoT isic, rom dasaxelebuli ToTxmeti piridan arc erTi ar

atarebs artanujelis tituls.

125

raze migvaniSneben aRniSnuli faqtebi? pirvel rigSi, albaT imaze,

rom giorgi lomas-Ze ar miekuTvneba jayelTa feodalur sagvareulos da

arc misi àrtanujeloba~ niSnavs samcxis samTavroSi dadasturebuli

maRali wodebis flobas. marTlac, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare,

amgvari daskvnis gamotana yvelaze ufro swori da logikuri nabiji Cans.

Tumca, aqve SevniSnavT, rom jayelTa feodaluri saxlis zemoT

CamoTvlili ToTxmeti wevridan TerTmeti (!) piri, aTabagebis _ ivane II-

is, aRbuRa II-isa da yvaryvare II-is gamoklebiT, XV saukunis meore

naxevrisa da XVI saukunis dasawyisis moRvawea. es faqti, Tavis mxriv,

calsaxad migviTiTebs imaze, rom Cveni codna XV saukunis pirveli

naxevris samcxis samTavro saxlis Sesaxeb metad mwiri da fragmentulia.

Sesabamisad, axlaxans miRebuli saboloo daskvnac, rom giorgi lomas-Ze

ar miekuTvneba jayelTa feodalur sagvareulos da rom misi

àrtanujeloba~ ar niSnavs samcxis mTavarTa sapatio titulis flobas,

uaRresad didi sifrTxiliT aris gasaziarebeli.

asea Tu ise, mTeli am vrceli msjelobidan gamomdinare, Cven

SedarebiT ufro sarwmunod miviCnevT meore samuSao hipoTezas da

gamovTqvamT azrs, rom Ven.4-is savedrebelis avtoris àrtanujeloba~

niSnavs mis cixe-qalaq artanujSi cxovrebis faqts, xolo `lomas-Zeoba~

ki _ missave sagvareulo kuTvnilebas.

saerTod, lomas-ZeTa gvari (Sdr.: silagaZe ... 1997: 126) qarTul

diplomatikur ZeglebSi mxolod XVII saukunis dasawyisidan Cndeba.

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 1601-1627 wlebiT (?) daTariRebuli Sewirulobis

wigni, sadac moxseniebulni arian vinme xucesi lomaZe da misi Zma ivana

lomaZe (burjanaZe 1958: 139; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572). am dokumentis

Tanaxmad, lomas-Ze || lomaZeTa gvaris es warmomadgenlebi guriaSi

saxloben da sofel baileTis mcxovreblebi arian (burjanaZe 1958: 139;

kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572; baileTi 1997). garda amisa, sabuTidan garkveviT

Cans isic, rom baileTeli lomaZeebi, erT-erTi maTganis mRvdlobis

miuxedavad, socialuri ierarqiis sakmaod dabal safexurze dganan. isini,

savaraudod, glexebi arian. marTlac, dokumenti gvauwyebs, rom Zmebi

lomaZeebi guriis mTavars mamia II guriels (1600-1625 ww.) Cexedenas

126

taZrisaTvis Seuwiravs da maTTvis Sesabamisi begarac daukisrebia

(burjanaZe 1958: 137-140; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572).

dReisaTvis dabejiTebiT arafris Tqma ar SeiZleba, Tumca ki, giorgi

lomas-Zis artanujelobidan gamomdinare, safiqrebelia, rom baileTeli

lomaZeebi warmomavlobiT agreTve istoriuli klarjeTidan, ufro

zustad ki, cixe-qalaq artanujidan arian. isini, savaraudod, XVI

saukunis II naxevarSi, osmalTa mier artanujisa da mTlianad klarjeT-

SavSeTis dapyrobis (1553 w.) Semdeg Canan guriaSi gadmosaxlebulni

(axali qarTlis cxovreba 1959: 500; batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 726-727, 900;

berZeniSvili 1997a).

davubrundeT uSualod savedrebelis teqsts. aq avtoris vinaobasTan

dakavSirebuli cnobebis Semdeg gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs

kolofonis Sesavali nawili. am nawyvetSi giorgi artanujeli vedrebiT

mimarTavs or udides qristianul siwmides _ qristes saflavs, sadac

sami dRis manZilze dabrZanebuli iyo uflis jvarcmuli sxeuli da

jvars patiosans, romelzec macxovari ewama adamis modgmis codvaTa

gamosyidvisaTvis: `q. saflavo qristeso da juaro patiosano, Seiwyale

artanujeli lomas-Ze giorgi~.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, savedrebelis maincdamainc amgvari formuliT

dawyeba SemTxveviTi movlena sulac ar aris. piriqiT, am faqts gasagebi

mizezebi aqvs. daviwyoT imiT, rom garejuli krebuli, romlis aSiebzec

iwereba giorgi lomas-Zis kolofoni, am dros ukve namdvilad wmida

miwazea gadatanili da ierusalimis erT-erTi qarTul savaneSi inaxeba

(jojua 2003g: 41-42). Sesabamisad, ueWvelia isic, rom savedrebelis avtori

teqstis Sesrulebis Jams agreTve ierusalimSi imyofeba. ierusalimi ki,

Tavis mxriv, swored is qalaqia, sadac mdebareobs qristes saflavi (Sdr.:

menabde 1980: 140-145) da jvari patiosani (Sdr.: menabde 1980: 69-139). aqedan,

vfiqrobT, ukve savsebiT naTeli xdeba, Tu ratom iwyeba maincdamainc

aseTi Sesavali teqstiT Ven.4-is kolofoni. misi avtori minaweris

Sesrulebis periodSi, rogorc Cans, wmida miwaze momlocvelobs da

vedrebiTac imave ierusalimis umTavres siwmideebs evedreba.

Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin gamodis, rom giorgi lomas-Ze

artanujidan wmida miwaze Casuli piligrami yofila. aRniSnuli faqti

127

sakmaod saintereso Strixs matebs cixe-qalaq artanujis qristianuli

Temisa da ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis saeklesio-kulturuli

urTierTobis istorias.

aqamde werilobiTi wyaroebidan cnobili iyo artanujSi mcxovrebi

mxolod ori piri, romelsac garkveuli saxis urTierToba hqonda wmida

miwaze moqmed qarTul savaneebTan. mxedvelobaSi gvyavs ierusalimis

jvris qarTvelTa monastris aRapebSi moxseniebuli Salva artanujeli

(XIII-XIV ss.) _ umcrosi Zma samcxis mTavris sargis II-isa da SaSia

artanujeli (XIV s-is II nax.) _ umcrosi Zma aTabag yvaryvare II-isa (ix.:

zemoT). amieridan, dasaxelebul pirebs unda daematos cixe-qalaq

artanujis kidev erTi mkvidri, XV saukuneSi moRvawe giorgi lomas-Ze,

romelmac aramxolod moiloca ierusalimis siwmideebi, aramed Cinebuli

mxedruliT dawerili savedrebelic daurTo wmida miwis erT-erT

qarTul savaneSi dacul garejuli krebulis aSiebs.

dasasrul, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT im faqtsac, rom giorgi lomas-Zis

savedrebels sakmaod didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakuTriv cixe-qalaq arta-

nujis istoriisaTvis. raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos, faqtia, rom samec-

niero sazogadoeba aqamde saerTod ar icnobda iseT werilobiT wayros,

romelic raime warmodgenas mainc Segviqmnida XV saukunis artanujis

Sesaxeb. am mxriv, Ven.4-is kolofoni marTlac mniSvnelovani Zeglia.

jer erTi, savedrebelze dayrdnobiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom XV saukunis artanujSi kvlavindeburad sicocxlisunariania

qarTuli eTnikuri elementi (Sdr.: doliZe 1953: 62). adgilobriv

mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva gvarebidan dokumenturad

dasturdeba lomas-ZeTa gvaris arseboba.

meore, XV saukunis artanujSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi aramxolod

gamarTulad floben qarTul enas, aramed ostaturadac sargebloben

sakmaod rTuli mxedruli damwerlobiT. amaze naTlad migviTiTebs

giorgi artanujelis mier Sesrulebuli savedrebeli.

dabolos, mesame, XV saukunis artanujSi Zveleburad Zlieria

qarTuli qristianuli Temi. rogorc giorgi lomas-Zis momlocvelobidan

Cans, am Temis warmomadgenlebi warmatebiT piligrimoben wmida miwaze da

cxoveli urTierToba aqvT ierusalimis qarTul savaneebTan.

128

saerTod, amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom Cvens mier motanil

debulebebSi uCveulo araferia. 1553 wlamde cixe-qalaqi artanuji

samcxe-saaTabagos ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenda (axali qarTlis

cxovreba 1959: 500; batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 716, 726-727, 900; doliZe 1953:

61; berZeniSvili 1997a) da amitom aq raime sxva suraTis arseboba

ubralod warmoudgenelia. Tumca, dRemde am yvelaferze saubari mxolod

zogad istoriul viTarebaze dayrdnobiT gviwevda. axla ki, amgvar

msjelobas Tavisi myari dokumenturi safuZveli uCndeba da zemoT

moxmobili debulebebic gacilebiT ufro argumentirebul saxes iRebs.

amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, samecniero

sazogadoebas vTavazobT Semdeg ZiriTad daskvnebs:

1. venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa fondSi

daculi 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis, igive Ven.4-is 187r-s qveda

naxevarze Sesrulebuli oTxstriqoniani mxedruli minaweri, mTeli rigi

paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, TariRdeba XV saukuniT.

2. savedrebeli dawerilia istoriuli klarjeTis, ufro zustad ki,

cixe-qalaq artanujis mkvidris giorgi lomas-Zis mier, romelmac wmida

miwaze momlocvelobisas uSualod moixila ierusalimis erT-erT

qarTul savaneSi dabrZanebuli garejuli krebuli.

3. savedrebelis teqstze dayrdnobiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom XV saukunis artanujSi kvlavindeburad Zlieri iyo qarTuli

qristianuli Temi da mis calkeul warmomadgenlebsac mWidro

urTierToba hqondaT ierusalimis qarTul koloniasTan.

129

$4. afxazeTis kaTolikosis barTlomes

minaweri (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.)93

savedrebeli minaweri Sesrulebulia garejuli krebulis 156v-s

qveda aSiaze, nusxuriT (pirveli grafema _ mTavruliT), or striqonad.

misi zomebia: 9 X 3 sm. gankveTilobis niSnebi ar axlavs. qaragmad

gamoyenebulia klaknili xazi. minawers TariRi ar uzis. aRsaniSnavia, rom

156v-ze Sesrulebuli teqstis anabeWdi sakmaod mkafiod ganirCeva 157r-s

Sesabamis adgilas. rogorc Cans, minaweris avtorma gadaSlili krebuli

kolofonis dawerisTanave daxura da SeumSrali melanic am gziT

aRibeWda momdevno gverdze.

s˜

˜ ˜

s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa | barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s

R(merTma)n.

minaweris teqsti yuradRebas, pirvel rigSi, saistorio Tvalsaz-

risiT ipyrobs. aq moxseniebulia vinme kaTolikosi barTlome, romelsac

CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi versad vxvdebiT. misi

identifikaciisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Ven.4-is kolofonis

swor interpretacias, rac sakmaod rTuli saqmea. minaweris wakiTxva ori

saxiT aris SesaZlebeli. gaurkvevlobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT

vuSvebT orive variants.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, fonetikuri koreqtivi Segvaqvs teqstSi. sityvis

_ Ãobisa mesame da meoTxe grafemebs Soris aRvadgenT uneblied

gamotovebul (?) or grafemas _ el da kolofonsac ase vkiTxulobT:

`s(u)lsa Ãob{el}isa, qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s

R(merTma)n~. teqstis amgvari interpretaciiT, barTlome kaTolikosobis

93 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `XII saukunis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) erTi minaweri da afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosi barTlome (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.)~ (jojua 2002a).

130

paralelurad, xobeli episkoposic unda iyos. saqarTveloSi xobis

erTaderTi eparqiaa cnobili. igi XV saukunidan dasturdeba afxazeTis

sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSi94. eparqia moqmedebda odiSis terito-

riaze, xolo misi mwyemsTavris kaTedra xobis RmrTismSoblis miZinebis

monasterSi iyo ganTavsebuli (siWinava ... 2000: 6-14).

garejuli krebulis kolofonis gaazreba sxvagvaradac aris

SesaZlebeli. am SemTxvevaSi, teqsts, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT

vkiTxulobT: `s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S{eundvne}s

R(merTma)n~ da vigebT, rom barTlome yofila ara `xobeli~ da

`kaTolikosi~, aramed _ `xobisa kaTolikosi~. saxeli _ xobi//xofi//xopi-s

mqone savaneebi saqarTveloSi ramdenime adgilas dasturdeba (beriZe 1973:

73; siWinava ... 2000: 3), magram sakaTolikoso saydarTan organul kavSirs

mxolod erTi maTgani _ zemoxsenebuli xobis monasteri avlens95. gvian

SuasaukuneebSi igi afxazeTis kaTolikosTa kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda

(siWinava ... 2000: 8-15).

amrigad, nebismieri interpretaciis SemTxvevaSi, Ven.4-is kolofonSi

naxsenebi `Ãobi~ dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdebare xobis monasters

94 mkvlevarTa erTi nawili saerTod uaryofs xobSi saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobis faqts da miiCnevs, rom Sua sukuneebSi aq mxolod monasteri moqmedebda (am avtorTagan, pirvel rigSi, unda davasaxeloT istorikosi avTandil Tordia (samegrelo ... 1999: 368-369), agreTve, dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis mkvlevari Tamaz beraZe, vinac sakuTari Sexeduleba zepiri saubrisas gagviziara). mkvlevarTa meore nawils sapirispiro mosazreba aqvs. isini iTvaliswineben guraliZeebis 1432 wlisa (kakabaZe 1924: 60-62) da TofuriZeebis 1484-1488 wlebis (ix.: qvemoT) sasisxlo sigelebs, sadac mawyvereli, quTaTeli, Wyondideli, caiSeli, moqveli, bedieli da drandeli episkoposebis gverdiT, xobelebic ixseniebian da fiqroben, rom xobi XV saukunis I naxevridan mainc saepiskoposo kaTedras warmoadgenda (siWinava ... 2000: 6-7). Cven savsebiT viziarebT am mosazrebas. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvs istorikos giorgi kalandias. is fiqrobs, rom xobSi saepiskoposo kaTedra sulac XIV saukuneSi unda iyos daarsebuli (kalandia 2000: 502-505). samwuxarod, mkvlevari ar uTiTebs Sesabamis wyaroebsa da argumentacias, ris gamoc, am varaudis arc gaziareba da arc uaryofa, jerjerobiT, ar SegviZlia. XVI saukunidan xobis saepiskoposos Sesaxeb cnobebi TandaTan matulobs, mag.: 1550 wlis erT-erT sabuTSi ixsenieba `xofisa R(mr)TismSoblis winamdegi ebiskopozi~ (kakabaZe 1921: 13-14; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 103), xolo XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mijnaze gacemul Sewirulebis wignSi _ `mTavarepiskopozi xofeli efTimi faRava~ (kakabaZe 1921: 84). cnobilia XVII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi moRvawe xobeli mitropoliti germanec (sixaruliZe 1997). xobis saepiskoposos arsebobis faqts am da sxva qarTuli wyaroebis garda, adastureben XVII saukunis ucxoeli avtorebic (siWinava ... 2000: 10-11; kalandia 2000: 499-501).

95 sayuradReboa, rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi toponimi dReisaTvis cnobili sami formisagan _ xobi//xofi//xopi gansxvavebuli dawerilobiT aris warmodgenili. aq pirvel grafemad dasmulia ara x, aramed _ Ã.

131

aRniSnavs da masTan raime mxriv dakavSirebuli barTlomec, ueWvelad,

adgilobrivi eklesiis Tavi _ afxazeTis kaTolikosi unda iyos.

barTlomes moRvaweobis qronologiisaTvis mniSvnelovan masalas

gvawvdis kolofonis paleografia. teqstSi gamoyenebulia Cvidmeti

grafema: a da s _ eqvsgzis; l da o _ samgzis; b da T _ orgzis; e, z, i, k,

m, n, r, q, R, S da Ã _ TiTojer. aqedan, pirveli s asomTavrulia. nusxuri

grafemebi marjvniv aris daxrili. maTi moxazuloba msgavsebas poulobs

XV-XVI saukuneebis nimuSebTan _ 1460 wlis bibliasa (A-570) (abulaZe 1973a:

234-235, 371) da 1520 wlis oTxTavTan (H-1721) (abulaZe 1973a: 240-241, 372).

gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime detalic: garejuli krebulis

minawerSi grafemebs _ l da R zeda marcxena kidesTan ebmis ara

horizontaluri xazis gamgrZelebeli patara wanazardi, aramed didi

zomis kuTxe. grafemebis _ m da z zeda horizontaluri xazi daukuTxavia

da odnav aris daklaknili. rac Seexeba grafemis _ n zeda

horizontalur xazs, minawerSi is Zalze morkaluria da lamis grafemis

qveda nawils exeba. grafemis _ r vertikalur xazs zeda boloSi ebmis

marcxniv gawvdili patara morCi. erTi da igive niSani axasiaTebT

grafemebs _ q da Ã. maTi qveda vertikaluri buni marjvniv mkveTrad

àsrolili~ mcire wanazardiT sruldeba. am niSnebiT, grafemaTa

daweriloba ufro 1520 wlis oTxTavis paleografias uaxlovdeba

(abulaZe 1973a: 240-241, 372).

amdenad, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin naTelia isic, rom

garejuli krebulis kolofoni Sesrulebuli iyo XV saukunis bolosa

da XVI saukunis dasawyisSi. Sesabamisad, amave periodis moRvawe Cans

teqstSi naxsenebi kaTolikosi barTlomec.

am hipoTezis Sesabamisad, dawvrilebiT gavecaniT XV-XVI saukuneebis

afxazeTis kaTolikosTa qronologiur rigs96. XV saukuneSi cnobilia

mxolod erTi kaTolikosi _ ioakime, romlis moRvaweobac 1470-iani

wlebiT TariRdeba (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 136-137). Semdeg modis

96 am mimarTulebiT kvlevisas Tavidanve gamovricxeT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesia. dReisaTvis, ZiriTadad, zustad aris dadgenili XV-XVI saukuneebis qarTlis kaTo-likosTa qronologiuri rigi (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 67-103). am periodSi mosaydre camet mcxeTel patriarqs Soris barTlomes versad vxedavT. metic, qronologiur rigSi ar Cans iseTi Tavisufali monakveTi, sadac, Tundac, vivaraudebdiT mis kaTolikosobas.

132

ormocwliani qronologiuri lakuna97. 1519 wlidan afxazeTis sakaTo-

likoso saydars malaqia I abaSiZe ikavebs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138-139).

misi zeoba 1540-ian wlebamde grZeldeba. amas mosdevs kidev erTi, amje-

rad, aTwliani qronologiuri lakuna. XVI saukunis 50-iani wlebidan vid-

re XVII saukunis dasawyisamde afxazeTis kaTolikosebad jer _ evdemon

CxetiZes (1557-1578 ww.) (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141), xolo Semdeg _

efTvime sayvareliZes (1578-1616 ww.) (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 142-143) vxedavT.

amrigad, barTlomes kaTolikosoba unda vivaraudoT an XV saukunis

70-ian wlebamde, an _ 1470-iani wlebidan vidre 1519 wlamde, an kidev _ XVI

saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi. Cven viTvaliswinebT Ven.4-is minaweris

paleografias da vfiqrobT, rom barTlome afxazeTis kaTolikosad XV

saukunis dasasrulsa da XVI saukunis dasawyisSi unda yofiliyo.

Cvens mosazrebas adasturebs imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is (1484-

1510 ww.) ori sabuTi. pirveli dokumenti cnobilia, rogorc TofuriZeTa

sasisxlo sigeli. igi 1484-1488 wlebSi unda iyos Sedgenili98. sabuTis bo-

lo nawilSi motanilia aleqsandre II-is Txovna sasuliero pirebisadmi:

97 uaxles samecniero publikaciebSi aRniSnulia, rom 1490-1516 wlebSi afxazeTis kaTo-likosad iyo stefane. iqve miTiTebulia, rom mis Sesaxeb aranairi dokumenturi masala ar arsebobs. kaTolikosTa qronologiur rigSi igi saqarTvelos eklesiis kalen-drebze dayrdnobiT aris Seyvanili, romlebsac, Tavis mxriv, raime myari safuZveli ar gaaCniaT (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 6-7, 138). Cvenis mxriv davamatebT, rom stefanes vxvdebiT polievqtos karbelaSvilis mier Sedgenil àfxazeTis kaTalikozTa siaSic~ vxvdebiT (karbelaSvili 1900: 206). Tumca es garemoeba sulac ar aiolebs Cvens mdgomareobas. stefanes Sesaxeb cnobebi arc iq aris miTiTebuli. metic, misi saxeli saerTodac kiTxvis niSniT aqvs aRniSnuli polievqtos karbelaSvils (karbelaSvili 1900: 206). ase, rom jer-jerobiT stefanes arsebobis faqtic ki dausabuTebelia da amitom, misi zeobis qronologiis Sesaxeb raime seriozuli msjeloba SeuZlebeli gveCveneba.

98 vinaidan es sigeli metad mniSvnelovania Cveni msjelobisaTvis, mcire xniT SevCerdebiT mis daTariRebaze. sabuTi pirvelad gamoqveynda 1891 wels, eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier. man aSkara Secdomad miiCnia dokumentis gacemis TariRad dasmuli _ ararsebuli qoronikoni 968 da misi daTariReba teqstSi naxsenebi istoriuli pirebis identifikaciis gziT scada. mkvlevarma sabuTis gamcemi mefe aleqsandre saqarTvelos mefe aleqsandre I-Tan gaaigiva da dokumentis Sedgenis dro misi zeobiT _ 1413(sic.)-1442 wlebiT gansazRvra (TayaiSvili 1891: 1-3). 1897 wels sigeli Tedo Jordaniamac gamosca. man, arsebiTad, gaiziara eqvTime TayaiSvilis daTariReba. garda amisa, yuradReba miaqcia imas, rom teqstSi sxva sasuliero pirebis gverdiT, naxsenebia daviT mcxeTeli, mkvlevris varaudiT, 1426-1430 wlebSi qarTlis kaTolikosad myofi daviT bagrationi, daaviwrova TayaiSviliseuli qronologiuri CarCo da sigeli 1428(sic.)-1430 wlebiT gadaaTariRa. amave publikaciaSi Tedo Jordaniam gamoTqva varaudi, rom dokumenti, SesaZloa, nayalbevi iyo. am SemTxvevaSi, sabuTi imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is Jams, XV saukunis dasasruls unda yofiliyo Sedgenili (Jordania 1897: 233-235). qarTulma istoriografiam Tedo Jordanias meore mosazreba ufro marTebulad scno da sabuTi aleqsandre II-s miakuTvna (kakabaZe 1924: 65-66). uaxles samecniero gamocemebSi sigeli aleqsandre II-is zeobiT _ 1484-1510 wlebiT aris daTariRebuli (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 316-317). Cven viziarebT im debulebas, rom sabuTi aleqsandre II-is

133

àwe, qrisTes (sic) mier kurTxeviT kurTxeulno qarTlisa qaTa-

likozno da ebiskopozno, TqveniTa jvariTa, TqveniTa omforiTa Tqvenca

asre daumtkiceT; lixtimerisa (sic) qaTalikozno da ebiskopozno, Tqvenca

asre daumtkiceT brZaneba da sigeli; svimon mawyvarelo, manuel quTa-

Telo, daviT cxeTelo, elia Wyoindelo (sic), barTlome caiSel(o), roma-

noz moqvelo, grigole bedielo, saba xobelo, evdemos cxeTelo, Tev-

dore drandelo TqveniTa jvariTa Tqvenca asre daumtkiceT brZaneba da

sigeli ese~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania 1897: 234-235).

TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigels didi mniSvneloba aqvs CvenTvis. misi

daxmarebiT vigebT, rom XV saukunis 80-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqar-

Tvelos eklesiaSi moRvaweobda vinme barTlome, romelsac, daaxloebiT

1484-1488 wlebSi caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda.

barTlomes biografiis Semdgomi etapis Sesaxeb cnobebs falavan-

diSvilTa 1488 wlis sasisxlo (?) sigeli gvawvdis. sabuTis bolos

vkiTxulobT:

àmisni mowameni da arian da Sua damxdurni arian _ patroni dadian-

gurieli giorgi, quTaTel mTavarebiskoposi barTlome, WilaZe lipari,

raWisa erisTavi CxetiZe ivane da misi Zma kaxberi da abesalom, CiJavaZe

sazvereli da vamiy, cixisTavi RoRaberiZe estate, CxetiZe amilaxori

sanasar, molareTuxucesi mxeciZe sargis, saxlis uxucesi afxaWeliZe

ivane, inasariZe abesalm, gurielni _ beriZe, maWutaZe da maxaZe, lSrSvi-

li (sic) zazai, kuWeWiZe siaoS, jafariZe SanSe da qveli, sawolis mwig-

nobari _ ariSiZe siaoS, gareyaniZe xela, CxetiZeni vaxtang da abesalom,

a[ba]SiZe Taya da abaSi, wereTeli ganonai, qavTaraZe rostevan, miqelaZe

yelgrZeli, didebuli zviadi, iaSvili beJan da srulad Cvenni darbai-

selni, imerelni didni da cotani, amisni mowameni, Tavadebni da Sua

mier aris gacemuli da misi gamefebis anu 1484 wlis Semdeg unda iyos Sedgenili. rac Seexeba sabuTis zeda qronologiur zRvars, vfiqrobT, rom misi dazusteba SesaZlebelia. teqstis Tanaxmad, dokumentis gacemis Jams quTaTel mRvdelmTavrad _ manueli, caiSelad ki _ barTlome yofila (Jordania 1897: 234). imave aleqsandre II-is mier 1488 wels gacemul falavandiSvilTa sasisxlo (?) sigelSi quTaisis mTavar-episkoposad ukve barTlome ixsenieba (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, Hd-8731; kldi-aSvili ... 1991: 219). rogorc Cans, TofuriZeTa sabuTis Sedgenis Jams jer kidev caiSel episkoposad myofi barTlome saeklesio ierarqiaSi dawinaurebula da 1488 wlisaTvis quTaisis mTavarepiskoposobac miuRia. amrigad, TofuriZeTa sigeli falavandiSvilTa sigelis gacemamde anu 1488 wlamde yofila Sedgenili da amitom misi TariRic 1484-1488 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.

134

damxomni arian~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri,

Hd-8731; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219-220).

rogorc irkveva, barTlome caiSeli saeklesio ierarqiaSi swrafad

dawinaurebula. 1488 wlisaTvis igi ukve quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis

wodebas atarebda da lixTimereTis samefo karTan daaxloebul

mRvdelmTavrad iTvleboda.

amis Semdeg werilobiT wyaroebSi barTlomes saxeli qreba da misi

Semdgomi Tavgadasavalic ucnobi iqneboda CvenTvis, rom ara Ven.4-is

kolofoni. rogorc Cans, quTaTelma barTlomem saeklesio ierarqiaSi

1488 wlis Semdgomac ganagrZo winsvla da garkveuli drois Semdeg

afxazeTis kaTolikosobac miiRo. garejuli krebulis minaweri misi

biografiis swored am etaps unda asaxavdes99.

barTlomes kaTolikosobis zusti qronologia jerjerobiT ucnobia.

Tumca, SesaZlebelia am periodis miaxloebiT dadgena. falavandiSvilTa

1488 wlis sigelSi barTlome jer kidev quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad

ixsenieba (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, Hd-8731; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219-

220). meore mxriv, ki cnobilia, rom afxazeTis sakaTolikoso saydars 1519

wlidan ukve malaqia I flobs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138). aqedan

gamomdinare, barTlomes zeobis qveda qronologiur zRvrad _ 1488 weli,

xolo zeda zRvrad _ 1519 weli unda miviRoT da misi kaTolikosobac

daaxloebiT 1488-1519 wlebiT unda ganvsazRvroT.

calke saubris Temaa kaTolikosi barTlomesa da garejuli

krebulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, Ven.4 1363

wlisaTvis ukve ierusalimSi inaxeboda da iqauri qarTuli koloniis

sakuTreba iyo. Tu CvenTvis saintereso kolofoni namdvilad kaTolikosi

ilarionis avtografs warmoadgens, maSin misi biografiis kidev erTi

furceli xdeba cnobili. kerZod ki, vigebT, rom kaTolikos ilarions

99 gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom TofuriZeTa sigelSi lixTimereli episkoposebis vrcel CamonaTvals quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari iwyebs (Jordania 1897: 234-235). rogorc Cans, XV saukunis II naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi afxazeTis kaToli-kosebis Semdeg yvelaze didi pativiT quTaisis mTavarepiskoposebi sargeblobdnen. amitomac, Tuki gansaxilav periodSi romelime lixTimereli episkoposis kaTolikosad aRsaydrebas vivaraudebT, aseTad, pirvel rigSi, swored barTlome quTaTeli unda vigulisxmoT.

135

wmida miwaze umogzauria, erT-erT qarTul savaneSi daculi garejuli

krebuli mouxilavs da mis aSiaze savedrebeli minaweric Seusrulebia100.

Ven.4-is minawerSi saistorio TvalsazrisiT kidev erTi detali iq-

cevs yuradRebas. barTlome teqstSi ixsenieba, rogorc `Ãobisa qaTaliko-

zi~, rac erTob uCveulo movlenaa. lixTimereTis eklesiiis arc erTi

mwyemsmTavari CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi amgvarad ar iwodeba.

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is kolofonis interpretireba

orgvarad aris SesaZlebeli, ganvixileT orive SesaZlo varianti da

davaskveniT, rom teqstSi naxsenebi `Ãobi~, nebismieri wakiTxvis Sem-

TxvevaSi, odiSSi mdebare xobis monasters aRniSnavs. axla kvlav

vubrundebiT am sakiTxs, oRond, amjerad, ukve barTlomes titulis

sworad gaazrebisaTvis.

pirveli wakiTxvis SemTxvevaSi _ `s(u)lsa Ãob{el}isa, qaTal{i}ko-

z{i}sa barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~, afxazeTis kaTolikosi

barTlome xobel episkoposadac gvevlineba.

amgvari varaudi, erTi SexedviT, savsebiT realuri unda Candes.

qarTuli istoriografia kargad icnobs iseT SemTxvevebs, roca afxaze-

Tis kaTolikosebi, imavdroulad, erT an ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTe-

drasac flobdnen (berZeniSvili 1971b: 119-127). ase, magaliTad, kaTolikosi

ioakime (daaxl. XV saukunis 70-iani wlebi) imavdroulad caiSel-bedieli

episkoposi iyo (metreveli 1962: 136-137), xolo malaqia gurieli (1616-1639

ww.) _ caiSel-jumaTel-xoneli (berZeniSvili 1971b: 144-147), zaqaria

qvariani (1657-1660 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 123-124; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 150-

153) da ioseb bagrationi (1769-1776 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 165-168)

kaTolikosobis paralelurad, genaTis episkoposobas flobdnen, xolo

svimon CxetiZe (1660-1666 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 124-125; saqarTvelos ...

2000a: 153-154) da maqsime abaSiZe (1776-1795 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 125-127;

saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 168-171) _ quTaisis epikopososabas.

100 meore mxriv, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom minaweri ara barTlomes, aramed vinme sxva piris mier iyos dawerili. am SemTxvevaSi, Znelia raime konkretulis Tqma. Tumca, barTlomes savedrebelis maincadamainc wmida miwaze dacul Ven.4-is aSiaze Sesrulebis faqts ukve TavisTavad mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom barTlomes, misi winamorbedi afxazeTis kaTolikosebis msgavsad (metreveli 1962: 88, 106, 132, 145, 176), ierusalimis qarTul koloniasTan mWidro urTierTobebi hqonda.

136

meore mxriv, am varauds Tavisi damabrkolebeli garemoebac axlavs.

saepiskoposo saydari yvela zemoxsenebul pirs kaTolikosobis miRebamde

eWira. eparqosis xarisxs isini SemdgomSic inarCunebdnen da afxazeTis

kaTolikosobis paralelurad, Sesabamis saepiskoposo wodebasac atareb-

dnen101. am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT, barTlome kaTolikosad kurTxe-

vamde xobel episkoposad unda miviCnioT, misi biografia ki aseTi das-

kvnis safuZvels ar iZleva. mas jer caiSel mRvdelmTavrad vxedavT (Jor-

dania 1897: 234), xolo Semdeg _ quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad (xelnawerTa

erovnuli centri, Hd-8731). metic, TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi, sadac

barTlome caiSelad iwodeba, xobeli episkoposis wodebas sxva piri,

vinme saba atarebs (Jordania 1897: 234)102.

ase, rom barTlomes xobel episkoposad gamocxadeba damatebiT

argumentacias moiTxovs. xolo Tu aq imasac gavixsenebT, rom amgvari

interpretaciisaTvis garejuli krebulis kolofonSi fonetikuri

cvlilebebis Setana gaxda saWiro, maSin es varaudi kidev ufro nakleb

sarwmuno xdeba.

aseT viTarebaSi gacilebiT ufro misaRebi gveCveneba minaweris meore

wakiTxva _ `s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S{eundvne}s

R(merTma)n~, romlis Tanaxmadac barTlome ara `xobelad~ da `kaTo-

likosad~, aramed _ `xobis kaTolikosad~ warmogvidgeba. am SemTxvevaSi,

arsebiTad icvleba suraTi. gamodis, rom `Ãobisa qaTalikozi~ barTlo-

mes erT-erTi tituli yofila da misi kaTedrisa Tu rezidenciis _ xobis

saxelwodebidan iyo warmomdgari.

saerTod, kaTedra-rezidenciebis saxelwodebidan miRebuli sakaTo-

likoso titulebi qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis kargad aris cnobili.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kaTedra mcxeTaSi moqmedebda, ris

gamoc qarTlis kaTolikosebi xSirad `mcxeTis kaTolikosebadac~ iwo-

101 am mxriv, erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo malaqia gurieli, romelmac xonis episkoposoba kaTolikosad kurTxevis Semdeg miiRo (lominaZe 1954: 129-130; berZeniSvili 1971b: 122-123). Tumca, es faqti ganxiluli magaliTebis fonzec ki, uCveulo movlenad Cans da savaraudod, malaqias specifiuri saeklesio da saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobiT aris ganpirobebuli (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 144-147).

102 aq, rasakvirvelia, arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom barTlomem xobis episkoposoba, malaqia gurielis msgavsad, kaTolikosad yofnis Jams miiRo. Tumca, amgvari varaudis gamoTqma maSin, roca barTlomes moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, praqtikulad, araferi viciT, Zalzed hipoTeturad gveCveneba.

137

debodnen (lominaZe 1980: 317-318.). analogiuri mdgomareoba iyo dasavleT

saqarTveloSi. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs kaTedra biWvinTaSi hqondaT

da amitom `biWvinTis kaTolikosis~ titulsac atarebdnen (lominaZe 1977:

31). Cveni azriT, Ven.4-is minawerSi dadasturebuli saeklesio titulic

_ `xobis kaTolikosi~ ueWvelad am rigis movlena iyo.

aseTi daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, yuradRebas srulebiT sxva, zemoT

erTxel ukve naxsenebi garemoeba ipyrobs _ CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT

wyaroebSi lixTimereTis arcerTi mwyemsmTavari `xobis kaTolikosad~ ar

iwodeba. amitom, axsnas saWiroebs Tu rodis, ratom da ra pirobebSi unda

mieRoT maT amgvari tituli.

dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisaTvis aucilebelia, vrclad

mimovixiloT XV-XVI saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili

saeklesio viTareba.

1470-1474 wlebSi lixTimereTis eklesiaSi mniSvnelovani movlenebi

moxda. qarTl-imereTis mefe bagrat VI-m (1466-1478 ww.) da dadian-gurielma

Samadavlam afxazeTis kaTolikosi ioakime imxanad saqarTveloSi myof

antioqia-ierusalimis patriarq mixails (1470/1474-1484 ww.) akurTxebines. es

faqti savsebiT ugulebelyofda qarTul saeklesio tradicias, vinaidan

arsebuli wesiT, afxazeTis kaTolikosi mcxeTis patriarqs unda ekur-

Txebina (javaxiSvili 1982: 337-341; berZeniSvili 1971a: 100-106; berZeniSvili

1971b: 108).

bagrat VI da dadian-gurieli amiT ar dakmayofildnen da patriarq

mixails umniSvnelovanesi saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zegli _ `mcnebai

sasjuloic~ Seadgenines. amieridan, afxazeTis kaTolikosi uflebrivad

gauTanabrda qarTlis kaTolikos-patriarqs da mcxeTis sapatriarqosagan

damoukidebloba iuridiulad ganimtkica (javaxiSvili 1982: 337-341;

berZeniSvili 1971a: 100-106; berZeniSvili 1971b: 108).

aq, pirvel rigSi, gasarkvevia, Tu vin ufro metad iyo

dainteresebuli afxazeTis kaTolikosTa aRzeveba-gaZlierebiT _ bagrat

VI Tu Samadavla dadiani. qarTuli istoriografia am movlenas,

upiratesad, bagrat VI-is iniciativad ganixilavs da misi politikuri

windauxedavobiT xsnis (javaxiSvili 1982: 338-341, 447-448; lominaZe 1979g:

138

740-741). Cven gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs. vfiqrobT, rom 1470-1474

wlebis peripetiebi mTlianad Samadavlas interesebiT iyo nakarnaxevi.

daviwyoT imiT, rom XV saukunis II naxevarSi qristianobidan

warmarTobaze miqceuli afxazeTis saerisTavo odiSisadmi vasalur

damokidebulebaSi imyofeboda (xorava 1996: 57-58). amitom afxazebis

eklesiisagan gandgoma da qarTuli samyarosagan gaucxoeba, pirvel

rigSi, dadianebis mflobelobas uqmnida safrTxes. Samadavla, rogorc

Cans, grZnobda mosalodnel saSiSroebas da cdilobda am procesis

SeCerebas. biWvinTis moSlili sakaTolikoso saydris aRdgena da afxaz-

Ta kvlavindeburad qristianobaze moqceva am mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli

erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi nabiji unda yofiliyo. Cvens mosazrebas

`mcnebai sasjuloic~ adasturebs. teqstSi Tu erTgan aRniSnulia, rom

àfxazeTi qristeanobisagan sruliad midrekil iyunes, qristes

mcnebaTagan ganSorebul iyunes~ (doliZe 1970: 222), meoregan pirdapir

aris naTqvami _ `lixT-amerisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozi iovakim qris-

teanobis sjulisa mamagrebelad da damamtkicebelad vakurTxeT~-o

(doliZe 1970: 223).

gasaTvaliswinebelia meore faqtoric. XV saukunis II naxevrisaTvis

odiSis saerisTavo naxevrad damoukidebeli politikuri erTeuli iyo

(javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331; lominaZe 1979g: 740). miuxedavad amisa, dadianebis

feodalur saxls miRweuli ar akmayofilebda da saqarTvelos samefo

karisagan sruliad damoukidebeli samTavros Seqmnas cdilobda (xorava

1996: 52-53). aseT viTarebaSi, lixTimereTis eklesiis gamoyvana mcxeTis

sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan dadianebis gankerZoebiTi politikis

didi warmateba unda yofiliyo. miT ufro, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi

imxanad moqmedi TerTmeti (?) eparqiidan cxra _ Wyondidis, xobis (?),

caiSis, bediis, moqvis, drandis (?), jumaTisN(?), Semoqmedis, xinowmidis (?)

saepiskoposoebi da TviT afxazeTis sakaTolikoso kaTedrac ki

Samadavlasadmi daqvemdebarebul teritoriaze (javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331;

berZeniSvili 1971b: 113-114; lominaZe 1979g: 740) moqmedebda da upiratesad,

mis qveSevrdom mosaxleobas mwyemsavda.

rac Seexeba bagrat VI-s, mas samefo xelisufleba swored

lixTimereli didebulebis mxardaWeriT hqonda mopovebuli (javaxiSvili

139

1982: 301; beraZe 1999a: 148) da rogorc Cans, mizanSewonilad ar Tvlida

SamadavlasTan _ dasavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze gavlenian feodalTan

(javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331; beraZe 1999a: 148-149) dapirispirebas. sawinaaR-

mdego SemTxvevaSi, misi politikuri mowinaaRmdege da samefo taxtze

kanonieri pretenziis mqone konstantine demetres Ze Samadavla dadian-

gurielis saxiT, mZlavr mokavSires SeiZenda. es ki, SesaZloa, gvirgvinis

dakargvadac dasjdomoda bagrats.

dadianebis saxlis politikur interesebs srulad Tanxvdeboda

afxazeTis kaTolikosTa tradiciuli miswrafeba _ gamosuliyvnen mcxe-

Tis sapatriarqo saydris daqvemdebarebidan, uflebrivad gaTanaswore-

bodnen qarTlis kaTolikosebs da Tavad qceuliyvnen lixTimereTis

eklesiis erTpirovnul mwyemsmTavrebad (berZeniSvili 1971a: 97, 100, 104). am

miznis ganxorcielebas, ueWvelia, rom yovelmxriv daupirispirdeboda

saqarTvelos samefo kari, vinaidan XV saukunis dasawyisidan mcxeTis

sapatriarqo qveynis politikuri erTianobis erT-erT ZiriTad qvakuTxeds

warmoadgenda (javaxiSvili 1982: 283-284; berZeniSvili 1971a: 104; saqar-

Tvelos ... 2000a: 69, 74-78). aseT viTarebaSi, odiSis samTavro saxli

erTaderTi angariSgasawevi Zala iyo mTels saqarTveloSi, visac yovel-

mxriv xels aZlevda afxazeTis kaTolikosTa gaZliereba.

ase, rom antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqis mier lixTimereTis

mwyemsmTavrad ioakimes kurTxeva da `mcnebai sasjulois~ Sedgena, erTi

mxriv, afxazeTis kaTolikosebis, xolo, meore mxriv, dadianTa

feodaluri saxlis didi politikuri gamarjveba iyo.

werilobiT wyaroebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom 1470-1474 wlebis

saeklesio peripetiebTan xobis monasteri organulad unda yofiliyo

dakavSirebuli. levan II dadianis 1639-1647 wlebis sigelSi103 vkiTxulobT:

103 dokumenti 1965 wels gamoaqveyna isidore doliZem. mkvlevarma gaiTvaliswina is garemoeba, rom sabuTi levan II dadianis mier aris gacemuli da Zegli misi zeobiT _ 1611-1657 wlebiT daaTariRa (doliZe 1965: 208-211). `pirTa anotirebuli leqsikonis~ Semdgenlebma es qronologiuri CarCo mcired daaviwroves da sigeli, jerjerobiT daudgeneli argumentaciis safuZvelze, 1628-1657 wlebiT gadaaTariRes (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 8). CvenTvis savsebiT misaRebia sigelis gacemis zeda qronologiuri zRvari. Tumca, vfiqrobT, rom SesaZlebelia, qveda qronologiuri zRvris kidev ufro dakonkreteba. sabuTSi levan II-is gverdiT ixsenieba afxazeTis kaTolikosi maqsime maWutaZe, romelmac lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavris saydari 1639 wels daikava (lominaZe 1954: 130-132). Sesabamisad, levan II-is sigeli 1639 wlis Semdgom Cans Sedgenili da misi gacemis droc 1639-1657 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.

140

èse, viTarca dadian-gurielisa, sul-kurTxeulisa samadavlasagan

garigebuli sigeli vnaxeT, esreT ewera da gaeriga: `ZueliTgani iadgari

g[a]ryuniliyo da dakarguliyo xofisa RmrTismSobelisao, mas Jamsa

uRmrTod da usjuloebad mi[i]qces afxaznio, da aRviyvaneT iovakim, kaci

Rirsi netarebisa, davsviT kaTalikozado, romeli afxazTa garyunes

sjuli da kaTalikozoba, xolo Cuen, marjueniTa qristes saflavisaTao

da ierusalemisa da ant[i]oqis patriaqisa mixailis neba-darTviTa,

gavarigeTo juariTa da onforiTao~ (doliZe 1965: 209).

ismis kiTxva _ ratom CarTes XV saukuneSi ganaxlebul xobis

iadgarSi ioakimes kaTolikosad kurTxevis ambavi da ra kavSiri

arsebobda iadgaris ganaxlebasa da ioakimes kurTxevas Soris? samwuxa-

rod, Tavad iadgari dakargulia, levan II-is sigelSi CarTuli frag-

mentebi ki am kiTxvaze kategoriul pasuxs ver gvaZleven. miuxedavad

amisa, vfiqrobT, rom es mimarTeba mxolod qronologiuri xasiaTisa ar

unda yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, ioakimes kurTxevasa da iadgaris ganaxlebas

Soris ufro mizezobrivi kavSiri arsebobda.

safiqrebelia, rom Samadavlam xobis monasteri axlad kurTxeul

kaTolikoss gadasca. am varauds savsebiT adasturebs xobis iadgaris

kidev erTi fragmenti, saidanac vigebT, rom dadianebisa da sxva Tavad-

aznaurebis mier xobisaTvis mirTmeuli niSani anu dakrZalvisaTvis

dawesebuli gamosaRebi kaTolikosis kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda (doliZe

1965: 210). es ki, pirdapir migviTiTebs, rom Samadavlasagan iadgaris

ganaxlebis Jams _ 1470-1474 wlebSi xobi ukve afxazeTis kaTolikosTa

mflobelobaSi iyo104.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom xobis monastris gadacema qmediTi

daxmareba iqneboda ioakimesaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, lixTimereTis

sakaTolikoso kaTedra biWvinTaSi, qveynis ukidures Crdilo-dasavleT

periferiaze mdebareobda, rac, garkveulwilad, aZnelebda afxazeTis

kaTolikosebis axlo urTierTobas dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

provinciebTan da abrkolebda maT srulyofil saeklesio saqmianobas.

104 saerTod, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom xobi XV saukunis 70-ian wlebamdec afxazeTis kaTolikosTa daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. Tumca, am sakiTxze msjelobisaTvis jerjerobiT araviTari masala ar mogvepoveba da amitom, yovelgvari varaudis gamoTqmisagan Tavs vikavebT.

141

mdgomareoba kidev ufro unda damZimebuliyo XV saukuneSi, roca

afxazebi anu im teritoriaze msxdomi mosaxleoba, romelic uSualod

gars ekvroda biWvinTis saydars, qristianobidan warmarTobaze iyo

miqceuli (doliZe 1970: 222; doliZe 1965: 209). aseT viTarebaSi, ioakimes

`mcnebai sasjuloTi~ miRebuli avtokefaluri uflebamosilebis ganxor-

cielebisaTvis usaTuod dasWirdeboda damxmare sakaTolikoso reziden-

cia, romelic, biWvinTisagan gansxvavebiT, sadme dasavleT saqarTvelos

centralur nawilSi iqneboda ganTavsebuli.

sxvaTa Soris, am mizniT maincadamainc xobis monastris SerCeva

SemTxveviTi ar unda yofiliyo. igi daarsebisTanave dadianebis kuTvnil

savanes warmoadgenda (beriZe 1973: 77-80; beraZe 1999a: 139, 145; siWinava ...

2000: 5-6) da misi qonebriv-samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis regulirebac am

feodaluri saxlis prerogativa iyo105. Samadavlam, rogorc Cans, isar-

gebla sakuTari uflebiT da ioakimes sakaTolikoso rezidenciad swo-

red dadianebis kuTvnili sagvareulo monasteri gadasca. rac Seexeba xo-

bis iadgars, is, Cveni varaudiT, saxeldobr am SewirulebasTan

dakavSirebiT unda yofiliyo ganaxlebuli106.

saerTod, afxazeTis kaTolikosebisa da xobis monastris urTierT-

damokidebuleba detalurad aris aRwerili levan III dadianis (1662-1681

ww.) 1675 wlis Sewirulebis wignSi. sabuTis Tanaxmad, xobi erT-erTi

yvelaze didi da pativdebuli sakaTolikoso monasteri iyo mTels

dasavleT saqarTveloSi. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs odiSis samTavros

teritoriaze saeklesio dResaswaulebis msaxureba mxolod aq SeeZloT.

maTi odiSSi yofnis Jams sakaTolikoso regaliebi _ xati, jvari da

omfori xobSi inaxeboda. aqve mdebareobda maTi sasaxle da sasaflao

(kakabaZe 1921: 76-77).

105 xobis iadgari am prerogativis saukeTeso gamoxatulebas warmoadgens. igi ganaxlebulia ara mefe bagrat VI-is an kaTolikos ioakimes mier, rogorc es mosalodneli unda yofiliyo, aramed _ maincadamainc dadian-gurieli Samadavlas mier (doliZe 1965: 209).

106 sakaTolikoso rezidenciis xobSi damkvidreba sxva mxrivac unda yofiliyo xelsayreli. biWvinTis taZari zRvispira zolSi iyo aRmarTuli (biWvinTis ... 1997), xobis monasteri ki mdinare xobiswylis bolo sanaosno punqts warmoadgenda (beraZe 1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162), rac Zalzed aiolebda lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavarTa intensiur mimosvlas am savaneTa Soris. marTlac, sazRvao gziT biWvinTis sakaTedro centridan xobis rezidenciaSi moxvedra da piriqiT, umokles droSi iyo SesaZlebeli.

142

ramdenad SeiZleba am suraTis XV saukunis II naxevarze gavrceleba?

vfiqrobT, rom srulebiT Tavisuflad. marTalia, levan III-is Sewiru-

lebis wigni 1675 wels aris gacemuli, magram igi gacilebiT adreuli

periodis realiebs unda asaxavdes. sabuTSi pirdapir aris naTqvami:

`Zveladganca xobi biWvintisa RTis mSoblis Sewiruli yofiliyo da

JamTa viTarebisagan gamoxmoda~-o (kakabaZe 1921: 76).

amrigad, irkveva, rom XV-XVII saukuneebSi xobis monasteri afxazeTis

kaTolikosTa rezidencias warmoadgenda. 1470-iani wlebidan vidre XVI

saukunis Suaxanebamde anu sabolood gelaTSi damkvidrebamde (ix. qve-

moT), lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi biWvinTis paralelurad xobSi mosay-

dreobdnen da wodeba _ `xobis kaTolikosi~ swored am periodSi da am

gziT unda hqonodaT miRebuli107.

aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi detalic. xobSi moqmed sakaToli-

koso rezidencias ar unda hqonoda iseTi didi datvirTva, rogorsac

mogvianebiT gelaTis monasteri atarebda. am faqts Tavisi istoriuli

wanamZRvrebi gaaCnda. XV saukunis bolo mesamedsa da XVI saukunis I na-

xevarSi biWvinTis saydari afxazeTis saerisTavos SuagulSi mdebareobda

(xorava 1996: 58). miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazebi, didwilad, warmarTobaze

iyvnen miqceuli (xorava 1996: 55), maTi mmarTveli SarvaSiZeebi dadianebs

emorCilebodnen (xorava 1996: 57-58) da am ukanasknelTagan zurgmomag-

rebul afxazeTis kaTolikosebsac, safiqrebelia, minimalur pirobebs

mainc uqmnidnen sakaTedro centrSi saqmianobisaTvis. sxvagvarad rom

vTqvaT, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi upiratesad biWvinTaSi mosaydreob-

dnen da mudmivi samkvidreblis sxvagan gadatanis aucilebloba jer

kidev ar hqondaT. aseT viTarebaSi, xobis monasters, rasakvirvelia, nak-

lebi datvirTva eqneboda. am mxriv, termini `paraleluri sakaTolikoso

kaTedra~ zedmiwevniT zustad unda asaxavdes xobis monastris adgilsa

da rols aRniSnuli periodis dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi.

XV saukunis miwuruls saqarTveloSi politikuri mdgomareoba

kardinalurad Seicvala. 1491-1492 wlebSi erTiani saqarTvelos calkeul

107 sxvaTa Soris, amgvari mosazreba ukve gamoTqmuli aqvT anzor siWinavasa da gogita Citaias. isini varaudoben, rom XV saukunis II naxevridan, roca afxazeTi warmarTobaze miiqca da biWvinTis kaTedris funqciebic mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda, sakaTolikoso centris rols, gelaTTan erTad, xobis monasteric asrulebda (siWinava ... 2000: 8-9).

143

samefo-samTavroebad daSla iuridiulad gaformda (guCua 1973: 85).

dasavleT saqarTvelo calke saxelmwifod gamocxadda. imereTis mefis

aleqsandre II-is (1484-1510 ww.) saxelmwifos centraluri mmarTvelobis

aparati quTaisSi ganTavsda (lominaZe 1979g: 748).

am faqtma savsebiT Secvala lixTimereTis eklesiis mdgomareoba. Tu

aqamde erTiani saqarTvelos mefeebi yovelmxriv ewinaaRmdegebodnen

afxazeTis kaTolikosTa moRonierebas, dasavleT saqarTvelos calke

saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis Semdeg maT kardinalurad Secvales

saeklesio politika. imerel bagrationebs xels aRar aZlevda mezobel

qarTlis samefoSi mdebare mcxeTis sapatriarqos samwysod yofna da

sapirispirod amisa, aqtiurad iRwvodnen dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis

damoukideblobisa da gaZlierebisaTvis.

saeklesio orientaciis aseTi mkveTri Semobruneba savsebiT misaRebi

iyo afxazeTis kaTolikosebisaTvis. maT imereTis samefo karis saxiT,

dadianebze gacilebiT ufro Zlieri mfarveli da mokavSire SeiZines. amas

isic emateboda, rom Samadavla dadian-gurielis Semdeg dadianTa saxli

erTgvarad Sesustda. misi memkvidreebi _ vamey II (1474-1482 ww.), liparit II

(1482-1512 ww.) da mamia III (1512-1533 ww.) saSinao Tu sagareo sferoSi mTel

rig warumateblobebs ganicdidnen da lixTimereTSi politikur pirve-

lobas TandaTanobiT imereTis mefeebs uTmobdnen (beraZe 1999a: 153-156).

poziciaTa gadaadgilebas Sesabamisi moqmedebac mohyva da 1519 wels

afxazeTis kaTolikosad aRsaydrebuli malaqia abaSiZe ukve imereTis

mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565 ww.) momxred gamovida dasavleT saqarTvelos

centralizaciis saqmeSi (lominaZe 1966a: 206; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138).

zustad aseTive orientacia hqonda momdevno (?) kaTolikos evdemon

CxetiZesac (1557-1578 ww.) (lominaZe 1966a: 207; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141).

aseT viTarebaSi, sruliad bunebrivad unda gaCeniliyo biWvinTis

paraleluri sakaTolikoso kaTedris xobidan, romelic odiSis

samTavroSi mdebareobda da dadianebis sagvareulo saZvales

warmoadgenda, gelaTSi _ lixTimereTis udides samefo monasterSi gada-

tanis aucilebloba, rac 1545-1569 wlebSi warmatebiT ganxorcielda

kidec. amieridan afxazeTis kaTolikosebis mudmiv rezidenciad gelaTis

monasterSi mdebare wm. giorgis eklesia iqca (lominaZe 1966a: 186).

144

biWvinTis paraleluri rezidenciis xobidan gelaTSi gadatanas,

politikuri sarCulis garda, sxva mizezic unda hqonoda. am mxriv,

sayuradRebo cnobebs gvawvdis xobeli episkoposis (?) nikoloz

wulukiZis 1569 wlis Sewirulebis wigni, saidanac irkveva, rom nikolo-

zis mRvdelmTavrad (?) kurTxevis Jams xobSi sasuliero moRvaweoba

Sewyvetili yofila. monasteri `TaTrebs~ auoxrebiaT (doliZe 1970: 274-

275). marTalia, teqstSi darbevis TariRi miTiTebuli ar aris, magram

safiqrebelia, rom es ambavi sabuTis gacemamde arcTu didi xniT adre _

XVI saukunis I naxevarSi an amave saukunis SuaxanebSi unda momxdariyo.

am periodis odiSis istoria mtris arcerT saxmeleTo laSqrobas ar

icnobs. samagierod, dasturdeba mravalricxovani sazRvao Tavdasxmebi

(beraZe 1999a: 147-164). am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT jiqebi aqtiurobdnen. XVI

saukunis dasawyisidan vidre 1560 wlamde isini ganuwyvetliv mekobreob-

dnen dasavleT saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi (beraZe 1989: 207-209; beraZe

1999a: 155-163). SeiZleboda, gvefiqra, rom xobi erT-erTi aseTi Tavdasxmis

msxverpli gaxda, magram nikoloz wulukiZis sabuTi aseTi daskvnis

safuZvels ar iZleva. teqstSi garkveviT aris naTqvami, rom monasteri

`TaTrebma~ daarbies. ase rom, xobis aoxreba unda ukavSirdebodes ara _

jiqebis, aramed osmalebisa Tu yirimeli TaTrebis sazRvao TareSs.

es garemoeba sagrZnoblad aiolebs Cvens amocanas. 1569 wlamde

osmalebma erTaderTi sazRvao operacia ganaxorcieles odiSSi (beraZe

1989: 210-212). 1553 wlis zafxulSi sulTanma suleiman I-ma (1520-1566 ww.)

dasavleT saqarTvelosaken sabrZolo katarRebi gamogzavna. pirveli

xuTi xomaldi, sadac osmalebis garda yirimeli TaTrebic (?)

imyofebodnen, rionis auzSi Sevida. levan I dadiani (1533-1572 ww.)

sakuTari sazRvao ZalebiT foTis navsadgurSi dadga da mteri alyaSi

moaqcia. sulTanma dasaxmareblad kidev sami katarRa gamogzavna. levan I-

ma Setakebisagan Tavi Seikava da foTi datova. osmalebma qarTvelTa ukan

daxeviT isargebles da 1554 wels odiSis sanaosno mdinareebze sabaJo

kontroli daaweses (beraZe 1989: 211-212; beraZe 1999a: 158-159).

vinaidan odiSis mTavar sanaosno magistralebs Soris erT-erTi

umTavresi xobiswyali iyo (beraZe 1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162), cxadia, rom

sabaJo kontroli maszec gavrceldeboda. Turquli katarRebi usaTuod

145

gamoCndebodnen mdinaris bolo sanaosno punqtis _ xobis monastris

misadgomebTanac (beraZe 1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162; samegrelo ... 1999: 369).

Cveni azriT, swored am movlenebs unda ukavSirdebodes `TaTrebis~ mier

xobis darbevis faqtic. rogorc Cans, osmalo mezRvaurebi da yirimeli

jariskacebi mxolod sabaJo saqmianobiT ar kmayofildebodnen da

mSvidobian mosaxleobasac esxmodnen Tavs. xobi, am mxriv, Cinebuli

samizne iqneboda _ igi erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari monasteri iyo Sua

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi (TayaiSvili 1914: 137-161; bukia 1998: 111-113).

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, xobis monasterSi sasuliero

cxovrebis Sewyveta 1553-1554 wlebiT unda daTariRdes. amave periodiT

unda ganisazRvros aq moqmedi sakaTolikoso rezidenciis moSlac.

1557 wels levan I stambulSi Cavida. dadianis elCoba warmatebuli

gamodga. osmalTa sazRvao agresiis safrTxe karga xniT aRikveTa (beraZe

1989: 208-210; beraZe 1999a: 160-161). xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna xobis

sakaTolikoso rezidenciis aRdgenisaTvisac. Tumca movlenebi sxvagvarad

ganviTarda.

marTalia, 1569 wlisaTvis xobSi sasuliero moRvaweoba ukve

ganaxlebuli yofila, magram es mTlianad xobeli episkoposis (?)

nikoloz wulukiZis damsaxureba iyo (doliZe 1970: 274-275). afxazeTis

kaTolikosebi ki, rogorc Cans, araviTar monawileobas ar iRebdnen

monastris aRdgena-ganaxlebis saqmeSi.

metic, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi saerTod aRar Canan xobis

monastris sasuliero cxovrebaSi. am mxriv, Zalze metyvelia erTi

garemoeba. Tu 1470-1474 wlebSi xobSi dakrZalvisaTvis dawesebuli

gamosaRebi _ niSani afxazeTis kaTolikosis sakuTreba iyo (doliZe 1965:

210), 1569 wlis sabuTSi sapirispiro suraTs vxedavT. vinme zaman

barZimisSvilis dakrZalvisaTvis gacemuli niSani ukve xobeli

episkoposis (?) kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda (doliZe 1970: 274-275).

amrigad, safiqrebelia, rom 1553-1554 wlebSi osmalTa mier xobis

aoxrebis Semdeg lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebma saerTod miatoves aq

moqmedi sakaTolikoso rezidencia da monasteric uSualod xobeli

episkoposebis (?) daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida.

146

samagierod, imave 1550-ian wlebSi afxazeTis kaTolikosi evdemon

CxetiZe axla ukve gelaTSi gamoCnda. igi aqtiurad monawileobda

monastris sasuliero cxovrebaSi. misi RvawliT aRdga da moixata

gelaTis monastris yovladwmida RmrTismSoblisa da wm. giorgis

eklesiebi, gadainusxa rigi mniSvnelovani xelnawerebisa. misive saxels

ukavSirdeba gelaTisaTvis mravalricxovani siwmideebis gadacema,

saeklesio nivTebis Sewirva da sxv. (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141).

Cveni dakvirvebiT, afxazeTis kaTolikosTa xobidan gauCinareba da

imavdroulad gelaTSi gamoCena erTi da imave procesis sxvadasxva etapi

unda iyos. rogorc Cans, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebis gelaTSi gadasvla

politikuri koniunqturis garda, xobis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis moS-

liTac iyo ganpirobebuli. Tu es varaudi marTebulia, maSin afxazeTis

kaTolikosTa gelaTSi damkvidrebis qveda qronologiuri zRvari dRei-

saTvis miRebuli 1545 wlis nacvlad 1553-1554 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.

am qronologiis dadgena sxva mxrivac aris sayuradRebo. irkveva,

rom biWvinTis paraleluri rezidencia xobSi sakmaod mcire xnis

manZilze _ 1470-1474 wlebidan 1553-1554 wlebamde moqmedebda. am periodSi

ki, qarTuli istoriografia, barTlomes garda, afxazeTis orador

kaTolikoss _ ioakimesa da malaqia I-s icnobs da maT Sesaxebac

uaRresad mwir masalas flobs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 136-139). rogorc

Cans, swored qronologiuri SezRudulobiTa da cnobebis simwiriT unda

aixsnas is ucnauri garemoeba, rom gansaxilav periodSi moRvawe

afxazeTis sami mwyemsmTavaridan `xobis kaTolikosis~ tituliT mxolod

barTlomes vxedavT.

imave XVI saukunis SuaxanebSi mniSvnelovani eTnikuri procesebi

ganviTarda lixTimereTis Crdilo-dasavleT periferiaze. jiqebma

afxazeTis saerisTavos gagris viwroebsa da mdinare bzifs Soris

mdebare teritoria waarTves (xorava 1996: 57-58, 63) da 1550-iani

wlebisaTvis uSualod gaumezobldnen biWvinTas. sakaTolikoso

kaTedraze intensiuri sasuliero moRvaweoba, rogorc Cans, SeuZlebeli

gaxda. am fonze sagrZnoblad unda gazrdiliyo gelaTSi moqmedi

rezidenciis roli. es asec moxda da gelaTi afxazeTis kaTolikosTa

mudmiv samkvidreblad gadaiqca (lominaZe 1966a: 186).

147

am mxriv, Zalze mravlismTqmelia is faqti, rom 1578 wels

kaTolikosi evdemon CxetiZe, winamorbed mwyemsmTavarTagan gansxvavebiT,

ukve gelaTSi daikrZala (lominaZe 1966a: 181)108. biWvinTis taZari bolomde

afxazeTis kaTolikosTa kaTedrad darCa, Tumca ki, lixTimereTis

mwyemsmTavrebi Zalzed iSviaTad axerxebdnen iq Casvlas (lominaZe 1966a:

205). rac Seexeba xobis rezidencias, igi afxazeTis kaTolikosebs

TiTqmis erTi saukunis manZilze dakarguli hqondaT. savane uSualod

xobel episkoposebs eqvemdebareboda. XVII saukunis meore mesamedSi

mdgomareoba Seicvala. 1639-1657 wlebSi levan II dadianma aRadgina

Samadavla dadian-gurielis mier 1470-ian wlebSi erTxel ukve

ganaxlebuli xobis iadgaris pirobebi da monasteri kvlavindeburad

afxazeTis kaTolikosebs gadasca (doliZe 1965: 208-211)109. xobma isev

daibruna sakaTolikoso rezidenciis funqcia, Tumca ki, Tavisi

mniSvnelobiT, is ukve veRarasodes gautolda gelaTis kaTedras110.

108 afxazeTis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadatanis mizezebi detalurad aqvs Seswavlili babilina lominaZes (lominaZe 1966a: 205-211). misi dakvirvebebi da ZiriTadi daskvnebi, arsebiTad, misaRebia, Tumca, sakiTxebis mTeli rigi jer kidev saWiroebs dazustebas. es faqti, pirvel rigSi, imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom mkvlevari ar icnobda Ven.4-is minawers da msjelobisas saerTod ar gauTvaliswinebia xobSi sakaTolikoso rezidenciis arsebobis faqti. vfiqrobT, rom winamdebare naSromi garkveulwilad avsebs babilina lominaZiseul sqemas da xels uwyobs istoriuli suraTis maqsimalurad srul rekonstruqcias.

109 levan II-is sigelis Tanaxmad, xobSi dakrZalvisaTvis dawesebul niSans, ise, rogorc Samadavla dadian-gurielis Jams, XVII saukuneSic afxazeTis kaTolikosebi iRebdnen (doliZe 1965: 210). garda amisa, imave sabuTidan irkveva, rom odiSel didebuls, vinme meliasa (am gvaris warmomadgenelia oTar melia, romelsac 1675 wlisaTvis levan III-is karze mestumris saxelo eWira (kakabaZe 1921: 77)) da xobis saydrisSvilebs qonebrivi dava mosvliaT. saqme, erTi mxriv, levan II-sa da odiSis darbaislebs, xolo, meore mxriv, ara xobis episkoposs, an Tundac monastris winamZRvars, aramed kaTolikos maq-sime maWutaZes ganuxilavT (doliZe 1965: 211). rogorc Cans, sabuTis gacemis Jams _ 1639-1657 wlebSi xobi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrTa mflobelobaSi iyo da amitomac, sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebisas mis mxares swored kaTolikosi maqsime warmoadgenda. levan II-is sabuTis gacemis Semdeg afxazeTis kaTolikosebs xobis monasteri kvlav daukargavT. vamey dadianis (1658-1660/62 ww.) mier 1658 wels gacemuli sigelidan vigebT, rom lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs odiSSi saeklesio dResaswaulis gadasaxdelad erTi rigiani taZaric ki ar hqoniaT. amitom, dadians kaTolikos zaqaria qvarianisaT-vis xatis, jvrisa da omforis dasasveneblad senakis sawinamZRvro saydari Seuwiravs (kakabaZe 1921: 761-762). CvenTvis ucnobia, ra xnis manZilze asrulebda senaki sakaToli-koso rezidenciis movaleobas. samagierod, zustad viciT, rom XVII saukunis 70-iani wlebisaTvis lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs isic daukargavT (kakabaZe 1921: 76-77). prob-lema sabolood 1675 wels mogvarda da levan III dadianma kaTolikos daviT nemsaZes (1673-1696 ww.) rezidenciad kvlavindeburad xobis monasteri gadasca (kakabaZe 1921: 76-77).

110 sxvaTa Soris, xobis sakaTolikoso rezidencias afxazeTis kidev erTi ucnobi mwyemsmTavris moRvaweoba unda ukavSirdebodes. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia xobis taZris XVII saukunis moxatuloba, sadac, levan II dadianis ojaxisa da xobeli nikoloz ColoyaSvilis gverdiT, kaTolikos ilarionis gamosaxulebasac vxvdebiT (beriZe 1973: 74, 81-83). es ukanaskneli, CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebis gamo, Seyvanili ar aris afxazeTis

148

amrigad, XII saukunis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) 156v-ze daculi

nusxuri minaweris Seswavlis Sedegad, dadginda Semdegi:

1. minawerSi moxseniebulia afxazeTis aqamde ucnobi kaTolikosi

barTlome, romelic lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavris saydars daaxloebiT

1488-1519 wlebSi flobda. gacilebiT adre, 1484-1488 wlebSi, igi caiSeli

mRvdelmTavari iyo, 1488 wlisaTvis ki ukve quTaisis mTavarepiskoposoba

hqonda miRebuli. safiqrebelia, rom barTlomem kaTolikosad yofnis

kaTolikosTa arc babilina lominaZiseul (lominaZe 1954) da arc Tamar qoriZiseul (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 9, 134-172) qronologiur rigSi. miuxedavad amisa, savsebiT vizirebT vaxtang beriZis mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac vinme kaTolikosi ilarioni namdvilad moRvaweobda XVII saukunis dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi (beriZe 1973: 82-83). metic, Cven viTvaliswinebT mkvlevris mier Tavmoyril diplomatikur masalas (beriZe 1973: 83) da vfiqrobT, rom ilarions afxazeTis sakaTolikoso saydari 1657 wels, maqsime maWutaZis gardacvalebis (lominaZe 1954: 132; berZeniSvili 1973: 149) Semdeg unda mieRo. axladaRsaydrebuli mwyemsmTavari, rogorc Cans, sakmaod daaxloebuli iyo odiSis samTavro saxlTan da misi ori warmomadgenlis _ vamey lipartianisa (1658-1660/62 ww.) da liparit dadianis (1657-1658 ww.) dapirispirebisas (jamburia 1973: 341-342) am ukanasknelis mxare eWira. metic, ilarioni piradad monawileobda 1658 wels gamarTul banZis omSi (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425), sadac liparit dadiani sastikad daamarcxa vamey lipartianisa da imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660 ww.) laSqarma (jamburia 1973: 341-342). am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis aleqsandre III-is mier imave 1658 wels gacemuli sigeli, romelic gvamcnobs, rom mefis erTgul ezia ioselians dadianis momxre kaTolikosi ilarioni brZolis velze tyved Seupyria (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). aleqsandre III-m sapatio tyve gamoiTxova da mis sanacvlod, ioselians yma-mamuli uwyaloba (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). istoriuli suraTis swored amgvar rekonstruqcias uWers mxars XVII saukunis afxazeTis kaTolikosTa qronologiac. rogorc cnobilia, maqsime maWutaZe 1657 wels gardaicvala (lominaZe 1954: 132; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 149), zaqaria qvariani ki mwyemsmTavris xarisxiT pirvelad 1658 wels Cans (lominaZe 1954: 132). ismis kiTxva _ vis eWira sakaTolikoso saydari 1657-1658 wlebSi? babilina lominaZem, miuxedavad imisa, rom Sesabamisi masala ar gaaCnda, zaqaria qvarianis kaTolikosad kurTxeva erTi wliT daaZvela da misi zeobis aTvla 1657 wlidan daiwyo (lominaZe 1954: 132). mogvianebiT misi mosazreba sxva mkvlevrebmac gaiziares (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 150-151). Cven gansxvavebuli azri gvaqvs da zemoT motanili msjelobis safuZvelze, vfiqrobT, rom afxazeTis kaTolikosoba maqsime maWutaZis Semdeg, 1657 wels ilarionma miiRo. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrad igi mxolod erTi wlis manZilze imyofeboda. 1658 wels, banZis omSi damarcxebisa da tyved Cavardnis Semdeg, mas kaTolikosoba CamoarTves da dasvleT saqarTvelos mwyemsmTavris saydari genaTis mitropolits zaqaria qvarians gadasces. Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, Cndeba kidev erTi kiTxva _ sad mosaydreobda ilarioni? gelaTis kaTedra amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos. ilarioni liparit dadianis aqtiuri mxardamWeri iyo da imereTis mefis winaaRmdeg piradad monawileobda banZis omSi. rCeba xobis sakaTolikoso rezidencia. safiqrebelia, rom ilarioni swored aq moRvaweobda. xobis taZarSi Sesrulebuli misi freskuli gamosaxulebac am mosazrebis dokumentur dadasturebas unda warmoadgendes. XVII saukunis 70-ian wlebSi ilarioni jer kidev cocxali Cans. 1677 wels man sakuTari xeliT gadawera abulaxsar amirejibis Svilis (1515-1535 ww.) mier kacxis monastrisaTvis micemuli yma-mamulis Sewirulebis ganaxlebis wignebi (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). sayuradReboa, rom am sabuTebSi ilarioni kvlavindeburad kaTolikosad iwodeba, rac, rasakvirvelia, aRar asaxavs realur viTarebas. am periodSi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrad daviT nemsaZes (1673-1696 ww.) vxedavT (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 156). rac Seexeba ilarions, is, rogorc Cans, sicocxlis bolomde atarebda kaTolikosis fiqtiur tituls.

149

dros wmida miwaze imogzaura da erT-erT qarTul savaneSi daculi Ven.4-

is aSiaze savedrebeli kolofonic Seasrula.

2. 1470-1474 wlebidan 1553-1554 wlebamde afxazeTis sakaTolikoso

rezidencia dadianebis sagvareulo saZvaleSi, xobis monasterSi

moqmedebda. drois am monakveTSi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi biWvinTis

paralelurad, xobSi mosaydreobdnen da `xobis kaTolikosis~ saeklesio

tituls atarebdnen. garejuli krebulis kolofonSi naxsenebi `Ãobisa

qaTalikozi barTlome~ am mosazrebis werilobiT dadasturebas warmoad-

gens. XV saukunis miwurulidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio vita-

reba radikalurad Seicvala da afxazeTis kaTolikosTa mTavar mxar-

damWerad dadianebis feodaluri saxlis nacvlad, imereTis samefo kari

gamovida. amas 1553-1554 wlebis movlenebic daerTo. osmalo mezRvaurebma

da yirimelma TaTrebma (?) xobis monasteri daarbies. savaneSi sasuliero

cxovreba Sewyda. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebma xobis moSlili rezi-

dencia miatoves da axali sakaTolikoso kaTedra dasavleT saqarTvelos

udides samefo monasterSi, gelaTSi daimkvidres.

150

$5. gelaTeli monazonis, levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedris, TinaTin-

yofili nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia

xevariZis sami minaweri (XVIII s-is I nax.)111

Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT gansaxilav savedrebel minawerebs.

I. Sesrulebulia 265r-s qveda aSiaze. 6,8 X 1 sm. ori striqoni.

nusxuri. ramdenime grafema _ asomTavruliTa da mxedruliT. Savi feris

melani. gankveTilobis niSani: wertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg.

teqstis bolos dasmulia sami wertili. qaragmad naxmaria patara ganivi

klaknili xazi. dReisaTvis teqsti gamocemulia xuTgzis: pirvelad _

grigol feraZis mier, 1940 wels (feraZe 1940: 232)112; meored _ zurab

sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86)113; mesamed _ gulnaz

kiknaZis mier, 1989 wels, (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593)114; meoTxed _ Cvens mier,

2002 wels (jojua 2002g: 114)115; dabolos, mexuTed _ agreTve, Cvens mier,

2004 wels, erTi da imave publikaciis or sxvadasxva adgilas (feraZe

2004: 173, 181)116.

R˜ ˜

n n n

R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e batoniSvili | TinaTin-yof{i}li <n> nino.

111 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2008 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `gelaTeli monazonis _ levan IV dadianis colyofilis nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis savedreblebi (XVIII s-is I nax.) ierusalimSi gadatanili erTi garejuli xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2008: 153-173).

112 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis grigol feraZiseuli publikacia: `R~o S~e. batoniSvili TinaTin. yofili nino~ (feraZe 1940: 232).

113 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).

114 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis gulnaz kiknaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).

115 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2002 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e batoniSvili TinaTin yofili <n>nino~ (jojua 2002g: 114).

116 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2004 wlis publikaciebi: 1. grigol feraZis mier gamoqveynebuli teqsti, sadac qaragmebi Cvens mier aris gaxsnili: `R(merT)o S(eiwyal)e. batoniSvili TinaTin. yofili nino~ (feraZe 2004: 173); 2. uSualod Cvens mier wakiTxuli teqsti: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e batoniSvili | TinaTin yof{i}li <n>nino~ (feraZe 2004: 181).

151

II. Sesrulebulia 265r-s qveda aSiaze, batoniSvili TinaTin-yofili

ninos savedrebelis qvemoT. 5,7 X 2,1 sm. oTxi striqoni. nusxuri. Savi

feris melani. gankveTilobis niSnebi ar axlavs. qaragmad naxmaria patara

ganivi klaknili xazi. dReisaTvis teqsti gamocemulia oTxgzis: pirvelad

_ zurab sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86)117; meored _

gulnaz kiknaZis mier, 1989 wels (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593)118; mesamed _

Cvens mier, 2002 wels (jojua 2002g: 114)119; dabolos, meoTxed _ agreTve,

Cvens mier, 2004 wels (feraZe 2004: 173, 181)120.

˜ ˜

˜

R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e febr{o}nia, | monazoni guruli | {da} biZa misi

grig(o)l | xevariZe.

III. Sesrulebulia 305r-s qveda naxevarze, urbneli episkoposis

svimeon CxeiZis savedrebelis (1700 w.) qvemoT. 15,6 X 2,3 sm. ori striqoni.

mxedruli. Savi feris melani. gankveTilobis niSnebi: wertili an orwer-

tili alag-alag. qaragmad naxmaria patara ganivi swori xazi, romelsac

marcxena bolo zeviT aqvs aprexili. teqsti aqamde arasodes yofila

gamocemuli.

R˜To S˜e f˜d codvili monazon febronia guruli

xevariZis asuli

117 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia monazoni, guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).

118 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis gulnaz kiknaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia monazoni guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).

119 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2002 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e febr{o}nia, monazoni guruli, biZa misi grig(o)l xevariZe~ (jojua 2002g: 114).

120 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2004 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e febr{o}nia, | monazoni guruli, | biZa misi grig(o)l | xevariZe~ (feraZe 2004: 181).

152

R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e f(ria)d codvili monazon{i} febronia, guruli,

| xevariZis asuli.

rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili sami minaweridan arc erTs ar uzis

TariRi. am naklovanebas erTgvarad avsebs III kolofonis Sesrulebis

adgilze dakvirveba. es ukanaskneli dawerilia urbneli episkoposis

svimeon CxeiZis 1700 wlis savedrebelis Semdeg da mRvdelmonazon besa-

rion qiotiSvilis 1813-1814 wlebis minaweris win121. aRniSnuli garemoeba,

vfiqrobT, calsaxad migviTiTebs imaze, rom III kolofonis teqsti, ise

rogorc danarCeni ori minaweri, 1700 wlidan 1813-1814 wlebamde periodSi

iyo Sesrulebuli.

Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da samive kolofoni namdvilad 1700-

1813/1814 wlebSia dawerili, maSin naTeli xdeba isic, rom kolofonebis

Sesrulebis dros maTi damweri wmida miwaze, ufro zustad ki, ieru-

salimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi imyofeboda. marTlac, Cven zemoT

vaCveneT, rom Ven.4, sul mcire, 1363 wlidan moyolebuli 1845 wlamde

mainc ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi inaxeboda da amitom, mis

aSiebze drois am monakveTSi dawerili uklebliv yvela kolofoni,

cxadia, an amave monastrSi moRvawe, an kidev, wmida miwaze Camosuli

momlocvelebis mier unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli.

gadavideT minawerebSi moxseniebul istoriul pirTa identifikaciis

sakiTxze. kolofonebis teqstebSi dadasturebuli gvaqvs sami konkre-

tuli piris gvar-saxeli: 1. batoniSvili TinaTin-yofili nino (I kolo-

foni); 2. guruli monazoni febronia xevariZe (II da III kolofonebi); da 3.

monazon febronias biZa grigol xevariZe (II kolofoni).

daviwyoT I kolofoniT. rogorc misi teqsti gvauwyebs, aq mox-

seniebuli TinaTin-yofili nino `batoniSvili~ yofila, rac Sua

121 svimeon urbnelis savedrebelis teqstSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli misi daweris TariRi _ qronikoni tpÀ anu 1700 (1312+388) weli (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, RT XXV-3, II, 305r). am ukanasknelisagan gansxvavebiT, mRvdel-monazon besarion qiotiSvilis minawers TariRi ar uzis (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, RT XXV-3, II, 305r), Tumca mis mier Ven.4-is aSiebze Sesrulebuli sxva, TariRiani minawerebidan naTlad Cans, rom mama besarioni Tavis mravalricxovan kolofonebs 1813-1814 wlebSi werda (jojua 2002g: 94-95, 103-104, 129, 138-140). Sesabamisad, amave 1813-1814 wlebiT ganisazRvreba 305r-ze Sesrulebuli, CvenTvis saintereso uTariRo kolofonis qronologiac.

153

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, suzerenis, upiratesad ki, mefis Svilobas

niSnavda (xanTaZe 1997: 368). anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, I minaweris

teqstSi moxseniebuli TinaTin-yofili nino mefis asuli yofila. rac

Seexeba imas, Tu konkretulad romel qarTul samefo saxls ekuTvnoda

nino batoniSvili _ qarTlisas, kaxeTisas Tu imereTisas, amis Sesaxeb

minawerSi araferia naTqvami.

nino batoniSvilis sadaurobis dadgenaSi did daxmarebas gviwevs XI

saukunis etratze naweri xelnaweris _ wm. giorgi mTawmidelis

`cxovrebis~ (S-353) aSiebze Sesrulebuli sami gviandeli savedrebeli.

mogvaqvs maTi teqstebi:

`RmerTo, Seiwyale batoniSvil<o>{i} nino~.

`RmerTo, Seiwyale imereli batoniSvili nino~.

ùfalo, Seiwyale monazoni f(e)br<r>(o)nia, a(me)n, a(me)n~ (kolofoneb-

Si teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959b: 411).

rogorc vxedavT, wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ savedreblebsa

da garejuli krebulis minawerebSi moxseniebuli arian zustad erTi da

igive pirebi _ batoniSvili nino da monazoni febronia. amasTan, wm. gior-

gi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ meore savedrebelis teqsti, garejuli krebu-

lis kolofonebisagan gansxvavebiT, erT damatebiT cnobasac gvawvdis

nino batoniSvilis Sesaxeb da xazgasmiT migviTiTebs, rom igi ìmereli

batoniSvili~ anu imereTis mefis asuli yofila (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 114).

nino batoniSvilis sadaurobis garkvevis Semdeg Cven sagangebod

gavecaniT imereTis samefos 1700-1813/1814 wlebis istoriasTan dakavSire-

bul mravalricxovan werilobiT Zeglebs da gamovavlineT ramdenime

saintereso cnoba TinaTin-yofili ninos Sesaxeb.

aRniSnuli saistoro masalidan, pirvel yovlisa, unda davasaxeloT

XVII saukuniT daTariRebuli gelaTis gulanis (quT.16) kinklosis erT-

erTi qronikaluri minaweri. minaweri Sesrulebulia tJb qronikonis anu

1704 wlis gaswvriv da gvauwyebs Semdegs:

`[a]m qor<a>{o}nikonsa, aprilis b (2), dResa kviriakesa, bagrat mefisa

(igulisxmeba imereTis mefe bagrat IV _ T. j.) asuli, batonisSvili Tina-

Tin monaz{v}naT ekurTxa. iyo wlisa kv (26)~ (teqstis gamarTva da pun-

154

qtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania 1897: 608. Sdr.: nikolaZe 1953: 82;

Jordania 1967: 12).

daaxloebiT gelaTis gulanis kinklosis minaweris msgavs cnobas

gvawvdis XVIII saukuneSi Sedgenili momcro zomis xelnaweris (kinklo-

sis) _ `sruli qoronikonis~ (S-252g) erTi qronikaluri minaweric. teq-

stSi, romelic Sesrulebulia tJb qronikonis anu 1704 wlis gaswvriv,

vkiTxulobT:

àqa ekurTxa monazvnaT bagrat imereTis mefis (igulisxmeba imereTis

mefe bagrat IV _ T. j.) asuli TinaTin. iyo wlis kv (26)~ (bregaZe ... 1959b:

259. Sdr.: Jordania 1967: 12, 621; odiSeli 1968: 59)122.

122 1853 wels, svaneTSi diplomatiuri misiiT myofma rusma siZveleTmcodnem ivane barTolomeim zemo svaneTis mulaxis Temis sofel JamuSis eklesiaSi miakvlia vercxlis suras, romelzec warmodgenili iyo ori mxedruli warweris teqsti (mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III,№31). mogvaqvs am warweraTa eqvTime TayaiSviliseuli wakiTxva: 1. `q. SemogwireT Cven, mefeTmefeman, patronman bagrat da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman, dedofalman, patronma{n} Tam[a]r, sura ese, xelmwifobisa Cvenisa w[a]rs[a]m[a]rTebl[a]d, m[a]cxovars mulayTas{a}, q(roni)k(on)s sam{a}s orm[o]cdaTxuTmetsa (1667 w.)~; 2. `q. batoniSvilis Tin[a]Tinis~ (warwerebSi qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1937: 258. Sdr.: mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III, 31; baqraZe 1864: 102). ivane barTolomeim Tavis 1855 wels dabeWdil naSromSi _ `Поездка въ Вольную

Сванетiю...~, aramxolod gamoaqveyna aRniSnuli teqstebi, aramed gamoTqva kidec azri, rom vercxlis suris warwerebSi moxseniebuli iyvnen imereTis mefe bagrat IV (1660-1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.), misi Tanamecxedre _ dedofali Tamari da maTi asuli _ TinaTini. imavdroulad, rusma siZveleTmcodnem yuradReba gaamaxvila im saintereso faqtze, rom pirveli warweris Tanaxmad, sura mulaxis eklesiisaTvis iyo Sewiruli, xolo meore warweris mixedviT, igive sura pirvel warweraSi moxseniebu-li mefe-dedoflis asulis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda. mkvlevarma erTgvari axsna mouZebna warwerebSi daculi cnobebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs da ivarauda, rom vercxlis sura Tavdapirvelad batoniSvil TinaTins ekuTvnoda, mulaxis eklesii-saTvis ki is mogvianebiT iyo Sewiruli (mogzauroba ... 1855: 233). vercxlis suris warwerebSi dadasturebuli istoriuli pirebis ivane barTolomeiseuli identifikacia, praqtikulad, ukritikod gaiziares qarTvelma istorikosebma _ dimitri baqraZem da eqvTime TayaiSvilma. am ukanasknelTa azriTac, vercxlis suris meore warweraSi moxseniebulia bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli _ TinaTini (baqraZe 1864: 102; 43, 258). CvenTvis absoluturad misaRebia ivane barTolomeis msjelobis is nawili, romlis Tanaxmadac vercxlis sura misi JamuSis eklesiisaTvis Sewirvamde batoniSvil TinaTinis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda, magram principulad ver gaviziarebT rusi siZveleTmcodnis im mosazrebas, rom meore warweraSi moxseniebuli batoniSvili TinaTini bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli iyo. marTlac, pirveli warweris teqsti calsaxad gvauwyebs, rom bagrat IV-sa da dedofal Tamars vercxlis sura JamuSis eklesiisaTvis SeuwiravT 355-e qronikons anu 1667 wels, maTi asuli TinaTini ki, gelaTis gulanis kinklosisa da `sruli qoronikonis~ qronikaluri minawerebis Tanaxmad, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, dabadebuli iyo 1678 wels anu vercxlis suris JamuSis eklesiisaTvis Sewirvidan TerTmeti wlis Semdeg. Sesabamisad, srulebiT cxadi xdeba, rom meore warweraSi moxseniebuli batoniSvili TinaTini veranairad ver iqneba bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli TinaTini. maS romeli TinaTin batoniSvili ixsenieba vercxlis suris meore warweraSi? Cveni dakvirvebiT, aq moxseniebuli unda iyos bagrat IV-is da, imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660 ww.) asuli _ TinaTini, romelic Tavdapirvelad odiSeli Tavadis, vinme goSaZis meuRle iyo, 1663 wlidan ki odiSis mTavris levan III dadianis (1661-1680 ww.) Tanamecxedre gaxda (batoniSvili

155

TinaTin-yofili ninos cxovreba-moRvaweobis adreuli periodis

Sesaxeb metad saintereso cnobas gvawvdis XVIII saukunis saxelovani

qarTveli istorikosi vaxuSti bagrationi. swavluli batoniSvili 1742-

1745 wlebSi Sedgenil fundamentur naSromSi _ `cxovreba samefosa

saqarTvelosa~ dawvrilebiT aRgviwers XVII saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis

dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnil umZimes politikur viTarebas da

gvauwyebs, rom 1684 wels gamarTul rokiTis omSi damarcxebis Semdeg

odiSis samTavros uzomod gaZlierebulma didmoxelem giorgi lipar-

tianma levan IV dadians (1682-1695/1696 ww.) colad SerTo imereTis mefis

aleqsandre IV-is (1683-1690, 1691-1695 ww.) naxevarda _ TinaTini, asuli

imereTis mefis bagrat IV-isa (1660-1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.) da

misi Tanamecxedris, qarTlis mefis vaxtang V Sah navazis (1658-1675 ww.)

Zmiswulis, dedofal Tamarisa (gard. 1683 w.):

`xolo giorgi liparitianman ixila, rameTu moswydnen Zlierni

imereTisani rokeTis omsa Sina (igulisxmebian aleqsandre IV winaaRmdeg

gamosuli imereli, raWveli da leCxumeli feodalebi _ T. j.), iwyo levan

dadianis gamo RalatiT srva da klva warCinebulTa odiSisaTa, yidva uwya-

lod tyueTa mahmadianTa zeda da epyra saliparitiano, da nebiTa misiTave

iyo levan dadianad. aman levan moiyvana nebiTa liparitianisaTa colad daÁ

aleqsandre mefisa TinaTin, naSobi Tamar dedoflisagan, raTa moimtkicos

odiSi ZaliTa aleqsandresiTa. xolo liparitianman amisTÂs, raTa arRara

moinebos aleqsandrem anu gurielman Tavisad odiSi, aramed saxeliT oden

iyo dadiani levan, garna moqmedi yovlisave iyo liparitiani~ (batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1973: 849-850; beraZe 1999b: 218-220; xorava 2001: 16).

rogorc vaxuSti bagrationis àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosas~ sxva

cnobidan irkveva, levan IV dadianisa da dedofal TinaTinis

mmarTveloba didxans ar gagrZelebula. daaxloebiT 1695/1696 wlebSi

odiSis samTavros faqtobrivma gamgebelma giorgi lipartianma aRar

isurva levan IV-is dadianoba da igi odiSidan gaaZeva. gandevnilma levan

IV-m jer qarTlis samefos Seafara Tavi, Semdeg ki stambulSi Cavida da

vaxuSti 1973: 837; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 9, 312; jamburia 1973: 351). amrigad, Tu Cveni zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom JamuSis eklesiis vercxlis suris meore, 1667 wlamde Sesrulebul warweraSi moxseniebulia ara bagrat IV-is asuli, aramed misi da, aleqsandre III-is asuli _ batoniSvili TinaTini.

156

osmaleTis sulTans odiSis taxtze dabruneba sTxova, Tumca misma

diplomatiurma mcdelobebma Sedegi ar gamoiRo da 1696 wlis axlo-

xanebSi stambulSive aResrula. levan IV-is gardacvalebiT dasrulda

dadianebis Zveli dinastiis mravalsaukunovani istoria da odiSis

mTavroba CiqvanTa axladaRzevebuli gvaris warmomadgenels _ giorgi

lipartians, igive giorgi IV dadians (1701-1709, 1710-1714 ww.) Cauvarda

xelT. samwuxarod, vaxuSti bagrationi arafers gvamcnobs imis Sesaxeb,

Tu ra rols TamaSobda am procesebSi dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo

dedofali _ TinaTin bagrationi:

àramed ganZlierda liparitiani giorgi klviTa da tyÂsa yidviTa.

arRara ineba levan dadiani, ganaZo igi da warvida qarTls arCil mefisa

Tana (igulisxmeba imxanad qarTlSi myofi imereTis mefe arCil II (1661-

1663, 1678-1679, 1690-1691, 1695-1696, 1698 ww.) _ T. j.). Semdgomad warvida

stambols da mokuda mun, da daipyra odiSi liparitianman...~ (batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1973: 856-857; beraZe 1999b: 220-221; beraZe 2000: 31-33).

vaxuSti bagrationis cnobas levan IV dadianisa da batoniSvili

TinaTinis qorwinebis Sesaxeb, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT imeorebs

XVIII-XIX saukuneebis qarTveli istorikosi niko dadiani Tavis cnobil

TxzulebaSi _ `qarTvelT cxovreba~ (1823 w-is axloxan.).

niko dadianis TqmiT, 1684 wels gamarTuli rokiTis omidan garkve-

uli periodis Semdeg `leon dadianma miiyvana meuRled daÁ aleqsandre

mefisa TinaTin nebiTa giorgi lipartianisaTa, vinaTgan igi Taobda odiS-

leCxumsa zeda da misiTa nebiTa iyo leon dadianad, saxeliT oden, xolo

saqmiT yovelive iyo giorgi lipartianisa~ (niko dadiani 1962: 166).

nino batoniSvilis biografiis Semdgomi periodis Sesaxeb vrclad

aris moTxrobili cnobili qarTveli mwignobris gabriel gelovanis mier

1737 wels rusulidan naTargmni `geografiisaTvis~ darTuli vrceli

anderZis teqstSi. anderZis pirvel nawilSi gabriel gelovani dawvri-

lebiT gadmogvcems qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-isa (1716-1724 ww.) da misi

mravalricxovani amalis ruseTSi wasvlis peripetiebs (citati mogvaqvs

`geografiis~ erT-erTi, 1793 wlis nusxidan (S-1743)):

1724 wlis ivlisSi vaxtang VI-m `mswrafl dauteva taxti Tvisi;

aRdga da warmoemarTa _ mefeTa mier raodenime uricxvelni samRvdeloni

157

da saeroni qarTvelni, imerelni da kaxni episkoposni, mRvdelni, Tavadni,

aznaurni, monani da Simunvarni, deda-wuliTurT maTiT. da moiwia qveya-

nasa raWisasa, da aqa ubrZana mefeman erisTavs SoSitas raTa mTavarTa

ovsTasa warmouRos mzevalni. ese ambavi esma ra asulsa mefisa bagra-

tisasa batonisSvilsa ninos, imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa da muniTgan

warmovida mswrafl farulad. da ese moexsena mefesa, Zmiswulsa missa,

aleqsandres imereTisasa (igulisxmeba imereTis mefe aleqsandre V _ T.

j.) da moswia romelime Tavadi CxeiZe, r(ameTu) ara enebaT ganteveba misi

eseoden SorebiT. r(ameTu) ixila mefeTa asulman kaci ese movlinebuli,

friad Sewuxna da RonisZieba vera ra hpova. maSin igulisxma batonis-

Svilman nino da movlinebulsa mas Tavadsa romelime saboZvari uboZa da

Zmiswulsa Tvissa aleqsandres arwmuna esreT, r(ameTu) romelime

dabeWdili mafraSebi daugdo, r(ameTu) `yovelive Cemi saunje amas Sigan

STamodebul ars. mivide ra raWasao da gamoveTxovo Zmasa Cemsao, mefisa

qarT[l]isasao da kvalad movideo~. da maT ese ver gulisxma-hyves, r(ame-

Tu) mafraSaSigan iyo bamba da miT gatenil. da esreTisa xelovnebiTa

ixsna Tavi Tvisi da aw (?) mobZanda da meca maSin Tana warmiyvana, romeli

viyav mibarebul mizezisaTvis swavlisaTvis odiSTa mflobelis batonis,

didis Tavadis dadianis beJanis (igulisxmeba odiSis mTavari beJan

dadiani (1714-1728 ww.) _ T. j.) meuRlis Tamarisagan, romeli gvixmda

CvenTvis mamidad. maSin mobrZanda batonisSvili nino mefesTana raWas da

evedra warmoyvanasa ruseTs. maSin aRdga mefe da ganvlo mdinare rionisa

da Seudga mTasa maRalsa kavkasisasa...~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)

(enuqiZe ... 1963: 175-176; paiWaZe 1973: 421. Sdr.: odiSeli 1968: 125).

TinaTin-yofili ninos ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb aranakleb

saintereso cnobas gvawvdis 1724 wliT daTariRebuli dokumenti _ e. w.

`vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxa~. am orenovan, qarTul da rusul

enebze Sedgenil dokumentSi warmodgenilia vaxtang VI-sTan erTad

ruseTSi Casuli pirebis nusxa, romelsac, rig SemTxvevebSi, darTuli

aqvs sxvadasxva saxis cnobebi nusxaSi Setanili pirebis Sesaxeb.

dokumentSi nino batoniSvili moxseniebulia, rogorc vaxtang VI-is

Tanamecxedris _ dedofal rusudanis (gard. 1741 w.) Tanmxlebi piri,

romelsac, Tavis mxriv, sakuTari amala axlda:

158

`q. nusxa a (1), saqarTvelos mefis vaxtang levanis Svilisa da vinc

mefes didni Tu mcireni, darbaiselni da msaxurni axlavan: ...

batons dedofals (igulisxmeba dedofali rusudani _ T. j.) axlavs |

SigniT imerel mefis | qali, dadianis colyo|fili, monazoni nino _ a (1). |

amas (igulisxmeba nino batoniSvili _ T. j.) axlavs: monazoni _ a (1),

| mxlebeli _ g (3), | winamZRvari, azneurSvili | iakob _ a (1). |

amaTi (igulisxmeba batoniSvili ninos amala _ T. j.) mosamsaxure _

id (14).

При царицеж (igulisxmeba dedofali rusudani _ T. j.): имеретинс|кого

царя дшерь, бывше|го Дадиана супруга, мо|нахиня Нина - 1. |

Да приней (igulisxmeba batoniSvili nino _ T. j.): монахиня Мак|рина - 1,

| служительниц женска полу - 3, | да игумен Ияков - 1, | мужеска полу служителей

- 14~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (paiWaZe 1960: 206).

nino batoniSvilis ruseTSi yofnis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculia 1721

wels moskovSi gadawerili qarTuli xelnaweris _ `ruseTis xelmwifis

aleqsi mixeilis Zis kanonmdeblobis~ (S-3614) gviandeli, daaxloebiT 1742

wliT daTariRebuli ori kolofonis teqstSi. kolofonebis avtori,

xelnaweris SemZeni vinme ucnobi piri gvauwyebs:

1. `batonisSvili TinaTin monozvan<o>{i} CemTan bZandebod<e>{a}~

(teqstis gamarTva Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1969: 71).

2. `q(riste)s aq(e)T CRma (1741 w.), Tvesa noembers T (9) am wignSi levs

(igulisxmeba xelnaweris gadamweri, vinme ioseb-yofili lev petroviCi _

T. j.) mivec rubli d (4).

q. g (3) kidem noembers id (14) mivarTvi Tavisis kacis ÃeliT.

q. noembers iÀ (18) efTvimes ÃeliT g (3) rubli levs.

q. dekembersa a (1) ori rubli levs mivarTvi efTvimes ÃeliT welsa

(?) psqis (?) monasterSi.

q. dekembersa ib (12) À (8) rubli levs demetres ÃeliT mivarTvi. b (2)

Tumani gaTavda.

q. d (4) rubli Cemis ÃeliT mivarTvi ianvars g (3) am niSniT, odes

batonisSvili TinaTin monozvani CemTan bZandeboda.

159

q. ianvars ia (12) alxazas ÃeliT mivarTvi levs rubli v (6)~

(teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1969: 71)123.

amrigad, gelaTis gulanis (quT.16) kinklosis, `sruli qoronikonis~

(S-252g), gabriel gelovanis mier naTargmni `geografiisa~ (S-1743) da

`ruseTis xelmwifis aleqsi mixeilis Zis kanonmdeblobis~ (S-3614) kolo-

fonebze dayrdnobiT, agreTve, `vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxis~,

vaxuSti bagrationis àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosas~ da niko dadianis

`qarTvelT cxovrebis~ cnobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garejuli krebulisa

(Ven.4) da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ (S-353) minawerebSi

moxseniebuli imereli batoniSvilis TinaTin-yofili ninos biografia

Semdegi saxiT SegviZlia aRvadginoT:

TinaTini daibada 1678 wels, imereTis mefis bagrat IV bagrationisa

(1660-1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.) da misi Tanamecxedris, qarTlis

mefis vaxtang V Sah navazis (1658-1675 ww.) Zmiswulis, dedofal Tamar

bagrationis ojaxSi (gard. 1683 w.). 1684-1695/1696 wlebs Soris periodSi,

bagrat IV-is ukanono vaJis _ imereTis mefis aleqsandre IV-is (1683-1690,

1691-1695 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams, TinaTini colad SeirTo odiSis

mTavarma, dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo warmomadgenelma levan IV

dadianma (1682-1695/1696 ww.). TinaTinis odiSSi dedofloba didxans ar

gagrZelebula. 1695/1696 wlebSi levan IV-m mTavris taxti dakarga da

odiSidan gaZevebuli, 1696 wlis axloxanebSi stambulSi, devnilobaSi

gardaicvala. 1704 wlis 2 aprils, kvira dRes, 26 wlis daqvrivebuli

TinaTini monazvnad aRikveca da saxelad nino ewoda. rogorc Cans, Semo-

nazvnebuli batoniSvili Tavisi drois erT-erT yvelaze ufro ganaT-

lebul adamianad iTvleboda, ris gamoc odiSis mTavris beJan dadianis

(1714-1728 ww.) meuRles Tamar gelovans, misTvis aRsazrdelad sakuTari

Zmiswuli, SemdgomSi cnobili mwignobari gabriel gelovani miubarebia.

1724 wlis ivlisSi, roca qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI (1716-1724 ww.) Tavisi

123 nino batoniSvilis ruseTSi moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT, sakmaod saintereso mo-sazrebas gamoTqvams istorikosi fridon sixaruliZe. misi TqmiT, `moskovs nayofierad moRvaweobdnen qarTveli monazvnebi: erekle I-is asuli elisabedi, imereTis mefis asuli nino da sxv.~ (sixaruliZe 1990: 18). samwuxarod, mkvlevari martooden am zogadi fraziT Semoifargleba da ar akonkretebs Tu saxeldobr ra `nayofier moRvaweobas~ eweoda nino batoniSvili moskovSi yofnis Jams. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cven jerjerobiT verc uarvyofT da verc gaviziarebT fridon sixaruliZis mosazrebas.

160

mravalricxovani amaliT ruseTisaken daiZra da gzad raWaSi dabanakda,

nino bagrationi gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda. Semonazvnebulma

batoniSvilma vaxtang VI-is ambis gagebisTanave malulad datova gelaTi

da Tavis mowafesTan, gabriel gelovanTan erTad raWaSi gaemgzavra.

imereTis mefem, nino bagrationis naxevarZmis SviliSvilma, aleqsandre V-

m (1720-1741, 1741-1746, 1749-1752 ww.) Semonazvnebul batoniSvils vinme Tavadi

CxeiZe daadevna da misi ukan dabruneba daavala. nino bagrationma xerxs

mimarTa. Tavadi CxeiZe daasaCuqra, aleqsandre V-s ki ukan dabruneba

aRuTqva da vaxtang VI-sTan gamoTxovebis nebarTva sTxova. garda amisa,

micemuli pirobis gautexelobis niSnad Tavad CxeiZes (?) bambiT gatenili

mafraSebi anu tyavisagan Sekerili tomrebi dautova da daarwmuna,

`yovelive Cemi saunje amas Sigan STamodebul arso~. mefe da Tavadi

motyuvdnen da Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili raWaSi gauSves. maTgan

TavdaRweuli nino bagrationi vaxtang VI-sTan mivida da ruseTSi wayvana

sTxova. qarTlis mefem Seiwynara misi saTxovari da 45 wlis asakSi myofi

Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili gabriel gelovanTan da sxva mraval-

ricxovan qarTvelobasTan erTad, ruseTs gaemgzavra. ruseTSi Casuli

TinaTin-yofili nino vaxtang VI-s Tanamecxedris _ dedofal rusudanis

(gard. 1741 w.) Tanmxleb pirad iTvleboda da sakmaod mravalricxovani

piradi amala hyavda: vinme monazoni makrine, sami mxlebeli qali, ucnobi

monastris winamZRvari _ warmomavlobiT aznauri iakobi da ToTxmeti

mosamsaxure mamakaci, sul _ cxrameti adamiani. 1742 wlis 3 ianvrisaTvis

64 wlis nino bagrationi kvlavindeburad ruseTSi, savarudod, qalaq

moskovis midamoebSi cxovrobda da vinme ucnob qarTvel bibliofilTan

stumrad imyofeboda (Sdr.: mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III, №31; baqraZe

1864: 102-104; TayaiSvili 1937: 258-259; jojua 2002g: 114)124.

124 TinaTin-yofili ninos biografia sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili 1996 wels moskovSi dabeWdili sacnobaro-saenciklopedio xasiaTis rusulenovani gamocemis _ `Дворянские роды Российской Империи~ III tomSi. aq nino batoniSvilis cxov-reba-moRvaweobis ZiriTadi etapebi ganxilulia imereli bagrationebisadmi miZRvnil statiaSi. Tavad statia momzadebulia rusi mkvlevris _ stanislav duminis mier, qarTveli siZveleTmcodneebis _ ioseb biWikaSvilisa da iuri Ciqovanis, agreTve, petre grebelskis mier miwodebul masalebze dayrdnobiT. statiaSi vkiTxulobT: `Тинатин

(1678-1760), внебрачная дочь Баграта IV, жена кн. Георгия Гуриели, во втором браке (с 1689 г.) за Леваном

IV Дадиани (?-1694), правителем Мегрелии (1681-1691)~ (dumini ... 1996: 88). rogorc vxedavT, statia gvawvdis oTx konkretul cnobas TinaTin-yofili ninos biografiis Sesaxeb: 1. TinaTini daibada 1678 wels da gardaicvala 1760 wels; 2. TinaTini iyo imereTis

161

Semonazvnebuli batoniSvilis ZiriTadi biografiuli detalebis

reziumirebis Semdeg sagangebod unda SevexoT qarTul istoriografiaSi

damkvidrebul mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac nino bagrationis Tanamec-

xedres levan IV dadians ori Svili hyavda: vaJi _ ruseTSi moRvawe

cnobili samxedro moxele, artileriis general-maiori, dadianebis

saTavado saxlis ruseTis Stos fuZemdebeli _ giorgi dadiani (gard.

1765 w.) (baqraZe 1864: 104; tatiSvili 1959: 220-221, 238; sixaruliZe 1981: 99;

tuRuSi 1991: 138-139; sixaruliZe 1991: 59, 77, 228-229; dumini ... 1998: 49; beraZe

2000: 32; xorava 2001: 17; metreveli ... 2007: 60) da qali _ dadianebis axali

dinastiis erT-erTi pirveli warmomadgenlis, odiSis mTavris kacia I

dadianis (1709-1710 ww.) Tanamecxedre _ mariami (tuRuSi 1991: 138; beraZe

2000: 33; xorava 2001: 17, 27, 32).

daviwyoT giorgi dadianiT, romlis biografiis Sesaxebac Zvirfas

cnobebs gvawvdis missave saflavis qvaze TerTmet (?) striqonad Sesru-

lebuli rusulenovani epitafiis teqsti. warwera, romelic Cadgmulia

moskovis donis monastris mirqmis eklesiis sakurTxevlis salaros (?)

kedelSi, gvauwyebs:

mefis bagrat IV-is ukanono Svili; 3. TinaTinis pirveli meuRle iyo giorgi gurieli; 4 TinaTinis meore meuRle iyo levan IV dadiani. stanislav duminis mier mowodebuli cnobebidan, saistorio wyaroebi mTlianad adastureben bolo cnobis marTebulobas. vaxuSti bagrationis `cxovreba samefosa saqarTvelosas~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 849) da `vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxis~ (paiWaZe 1960: 206) miTiTebiT, nino bato-niSvilis meuRle marTlac levan IV dadiani iyo. kardinalurad gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs TinaTin-yofili ninosa da guriis mTavris giorgi III gurielis (1664-1684 ww.) TanamecxedreobasTan dakavSirebiT. dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusi mkvlevris mier dasaxelebuli faqti arci erTi werilobiTi wyaroTi ar dasturdeba. yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli stanislav duminis is cnobac, TiTqos nino batoniSvili imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is ukanono Svili iyo. piriqiT, vaxuSti bagrationi Tavis `cxovreba samefosa saqarTvelosaSi~ xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom TinaTin-yofili nino swored rom bagrat IV-is kanonieri meuRlis _ dedofal Tamar bagrationis mier iyo Sobili (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 849). dasasrul, aucileblad unda SevexoT rusi mkvlevris cnobas nino batoniSvilis dabadebisa da gardacvalebis TariRebis Sesa-xebac. is, rom TinaTin-yofili nino namdvilad 1678 wels aris dabadebuli, aranair eWvs ar iwvevs. es faqti pirdapir aris miTiTebuli gelaTis gulanis kinklosisa (Jor-dania 1967: 608) da `sruli qoronikonis~ (160, 259). minawerebSi. rac Seexeba nino batoni-Svilis gardacvalebis TariRs _ 1760 wels, CvenTvis absoluturad gaugebaria, romel saistorio wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aris miRebuli aseTi konkretuli qronologiuri monacemi. samwuxarod, stanislav duminis statiis nino batoniSvilisadmi miZRvnil nak-veTs ar axlavs bibliografia, ris gamoc aRniSnuli cnobis marTebulobis Semowmebas verasgziT ver vaxerxebT. Sesabamisad ki, Cveni kvlevis am etapze, arc viziarebT da arc uarvyofT rusi mkvlevris mier SemoTavazebul TariRs.

162

`1765 / году, июня 12 / дня, в 2 часу пополуночи, на память / преподобных отцов

наших Онуфрия вели/кого, Петра Афонского, преставмся раб / божий генерал маеор,

князь Георгий / Леонтьев сын Дадианъ, который / родился от Рождества Христова в

1683, / а представися в 1765 года и пожив / всех лет 82 года ... тело его под сим / ...

блаженство~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (tatiSvili 1959: 254, sur. 15).

rogorc vxedavT, epitafiis teqstSi xazgasmiT aris naTqvami, rom

giorgi dadianis mamas saxelad leonti anu levani erqva. Tu aqve

gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom giorgi dadianis dabadebis droi-

saTvis anu 1683 wels dadianobas namdvilad levan IV flobda, maSin

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruseTSi moRvawe general-maiori

giorgi dadiani odiSis mTavarTa Zveli dinastiis ukanaskneli warmomad-

genlis levan IV dadianis vaJi iyo.

miRebuli daskvnis Semdeg Cvens yuradRebas axla ukve sxva

saintereso garemoeba ipyrobs _ zemoT motanili epitafiis cnobiT,

giorgi dadiani daibada 1683 wels anu im dros, roca levan IV dadianis

erTaderTi kanonieri Tanamecxedre, 1678 wels dabadebuli TinaTin bag-

rationi mxolod da mxolod xuTi wlis iyo. vfiqrobT, aqedan logi-

kurad gamomdinareobs kidev erTi daskvna, rom giorgi dadiani levan IV

ukanono vaJi iyo da CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin-yofili nino

bagrationic mas ara dedad, aramed dedinacvlad ergeboda.

am bolo debulebis marTebulobas mTlianad adasturebs odiSSi

myofi rusi saxelmwifo moxelis petre litvinovis mier 1805 wlis 22

marts saqarTvelos mTavarmarTeblis, general pavle cicianovisaTvis

(1802-1806 ww.) gagzavnili moxsenebiTi baraTi. moxsenebaSi petre

litvinovi iuwyeba, rom odiSSi yofnis dros, qarTveli istorikosis niko

dadianis (gard. 1834 w.) daxmarebiT, Tavi mouyara cnobebs odiSis

samTavro taxtze dadianebis axali dinastiis damkvidrebis Sesaxeb da

iqve dasZens, rom Zveli dadianebis ukanaskneli warmomadgenlis vaJi,

romelic SemdgomSi ruseTSi gadasaxlda, ukanonod iyo Sobili:

`Мужское колено дадiановъ, владевшихъ Одиши и бывшихъ подъ покровительс-

твомъ царя Имеретинскаго, пресеклось; осталас одна дочь и сынъ незаконнорожденный,

котораго народъ не призналъ за своего повелителя. Сiе междуначалiе подало поводъ

Лечгумскому владельцу Чиковани, бывшему первымъ сардаломъ царя Имеретинскаго,

163

завладеть Одиши, - что онъ счастливо исполнилъ, и дабы подкрепить право завоеванiя,

женилъ сына своего на оставшейся дочери первых дадiановъ, выгнавъ незаконнорож-

деннаго брата ея, который проехалъ въ Россiю. Съ сего времени Леван Чиковани принялъ

на себя титулъ дадiановъ и отказался отъ повиновенiя царю. Къ Лечгуму, яко

собственности своей, присоединилъ Одиши, и настоящiй дадiанъ есть шестой отъ него

произшедшiй~ (berJe 1868: 504).

miuxedavad imisa, rom petre litvinovs erTmaneTSi areuli aqvs

levan I dadianis (1533-1572 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams odiSis samTavros

damoukidebel politikur erTeulad Camoyalibebisa (XVI s-is 50-iani ww.)

da dadianebis Zveli dinastiis axali dadianebiT _ CiqvanebiT Canac-

vlebis (XVIII s-is dasaw.) ambebi, mis mier mowodebul informacias mainc

didi mniSvneloba aqvs CvenTvis. marTlac, am cnobebidan naTlad Cans,

rom ruseTSi damkvidrebuli giorgi dadiani odiSis mTavarTa Zveli

dinastiis bolo warmomadgenlis levan IV-is ukanono vaJi iyo.

sxvaTa Soris, petre litvinovis cnobas zustad CvenTvis saintereso

kuTxiT jer kidev 1991 wels miaqcia yuradReba istorikosma abesalom

tuRuSma, romelmac, sxva qarTveli mkvlevrebisagan gansxvavebiT, savsebiT

sworad ivarauda, rom giorgi dadiani levan IV-is ukanono vaJi iyo

(tuRuSi 1991: 138-139. Sdr.: tatiSvili 1959: 220-221, 238; sixaruliZe 1981: 99;

sixaruliZe 1991: 59, 77, 228-229; guCua 1985: 49; berZeniSvili 1964: 32;

berZeniSvili 1971b: 17).

giorgi dadianisagan absoluturad gansxvavebul suraTs vawydebiT

levan IV-is meore SvilTan _ mariamTan dakavSirebiT. am ukanasknelis

Sesaxeb uaRresad mwiri saistorio cnobebi mogvepoveba. aq, pirvel

yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs XVI (?) saukuniT daTariRebuli da dRei-

saTvis dakarguli xelnaweris _ caiSis gulanis aSiebze Sesrulebuli

ori minaweri, romelTagan pirveli kolofonis teqsti gamoqveynebulia

Tedo Jordanias mier, 1897 wels, xolo meore _ eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier,

odnav ufro mogvianebiT, 1914 wels. mogvaqvs orive minaweris teqsti:

`... viZie ... gulani, dampali, didisa levan dadianisa uk{a}niT uÃmar

da gaukeTebeli. Ãelvyav me, caiSel mitropolitman maqsime cixisTavman ...

srulni da unakluloni ... mravlTa wignTagan gavakeTebine ... . dedoflis

mariamis brZanebiTa ... da dadianis kaciasiTa gakeTda w(mid)a ese gulani~

164

(qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania

1897: 356. Sdr.: TayaiSvili 1914: 192).

`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese, SewevniTa R(mrT)is(aÁ)Ta, sulTa

ganmanaTlebeli gulani caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina

dadianis kacias{a}Ta da Tanamecxedrisa maTisa, pirmSoÁsa, pirmetyve-

lisa, R(mrT)ismoyvarisaÁ da qristes morwmunisaÁ, qalwulTa msgavsebu-

l{i}sa da y(ovel)Ta T(an)a dedaTaÁ SeerTeb{u}lisaÁ da {a}sulisaÁ

daviTisaÁ, orRano{i}saÁ tkbil{i}saÁ, eban{i}saÁ sulier{i}sa da qnar{i}saÁ

da R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ da yovlisaÁ saRm{r}To-sakaco-

bomdis sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdil{i}saÁ, didTaÁ didisa, zeST

aRmatebulisa, eliasebr sam camde aRwevnulisa, odiSTaÁ, suanTaÁ da

afxazeTTa mflobelisaÁ, batonis dadianis Zed mosaTvlelisaÁ da axlad

odiSis dadianis Zed ganmaaxlebelisaÁ, dadianis asulis, batonis

dedoflis mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa} brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese

gulani maTda sadRegrZelod da wa{r}samarTeb{e}lad da gansaZliere-

belad da ZeTa maTTa da asulTa maTTa<Á> aRsazrdelad. R(merTma)n

daumtkicos patronobaÁ maTi sigrZesa<Á> S(in)a dReTasa da mravalmca

arian Jamni da welni cxorebisa maTisani, a(me)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis

gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).

caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadianisa da misi

Tanamecxedris _ mariamis vinaobiT imTaviTve dainteresda eqvTime TayaiS-

vili, romelmac arsebiTad sworad moaxdina maTi identificireba.

mkvlevris TqmiT, meore minaweris teqstSi `moxseniebuli dadiani kacia

aris kacia Ciqoani, romelic gaxda winapari bolondeli dadianebisa me

XVII saukunis meore naxevridan. amis ukanaskneli meuRle cnobili ar

aris, xolo am minaweris mixedviT unda iyos dadianis asuli mariami.

amiT kacias kidev meti ufleba moupovebia dadianad gamxdariyo. tyuilad

ar ambobs minaweri mariamis Sesaxeb àxlad odiSis Zed ganmaax-

lebelisaÁ~ (TayaiSvili 1914: 191).

eqvTime TayaiSvilis mosazreba kidev ufro daakonkreta abesalom

tuRuSma. am ukanasknelma, Tavis mxriv, yuradReba sagangebod gaamaxvila

petre litvinovis 1805 wlis 22 martis moxsenebiT baraTze, sadac

xazgasmiT aris naTqvami, rom odiSis samTavro taxtze pretenziis mqone

165

Ciqvanma sakuTari vaJi dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo warmomadgenlis

kanonier asulze daaqorwina:

`Мужское колено дадiановъ, владевшихъ Одиши ... пресеклось; осталас одна дочь и

сынъ незаконнорожденный, котораго народъ не призналъ за своего повелителя. Сiе

междуначалiе подало поводъ Лечгумскому владельцу Чиковани, бывшему первымъ

сардаломъ царя Имеретинскаго, завладеть Одиши, - что онъ счастливо исполнилъ, и

дабы подкрепить право завоеванiя, женилъ сына своего на оставшейся дочери первых

дадiановъ, выгнавъ незаконнорожденнаго брата ея, который проехалъ въ Россiю~ (berJe

1868: 504).

garda amisa, abesalom tuRuSma erTmaneTs daukavSira caiSis gula-

nis meore minawerisa da petre litvinovis moxsenebiTi baraTis cnobebi,

gaiTvaliswina XVII-XVIII saukuneebis odiSis samTavroSi mimdinare

Sidapolitikuri procesebi da savsebiT samarTlianad daaskvna, rom

levan IV dadians hyavda kanonieri asuli _ mariami, romelic odiSis sam-

Tavro taxtze pretenziis mqone giorgi lipartianma colad SerTo Tavis

ufros vaJs _ kacias, SemdgomSi _ odiSis mTavar kacia I dadians (tuRuSi

1991: 138).

Cven mTlianad viziarebT eqvTime TayaiSvilisa da abesalom tuRuSis

mosazrebebs. marTlac, odiSis mTavarTa Soris dReisaTvis cnobilia

mxolod ori piri, romelic atarebda kacias saxels (beraZe 2000; xorava

2001). eseni arian _ kacia I (1709-1710 ww.) da kacia II (1758-1788 ww.). aqedan,

qarTuli istoriografiis mier detalurad aris dadgenili kacia II bio-

grafia (xorava 2001: 54-55). kerZod ki, cnobilia, rom mas hyavda sami meuR-

le _ darejan ServaSiZe (1760-1765 ww.), elisabed bagrationi (1765-1788 ww.)

da ana wulukiZe (1770-iani ww. _ 1788 w.) (xorava 2001: 46-48). Sesabamisad,

caiSis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadiani da misi Tanamecxedre

mariami SeuZlebelia gavaigivoT kacia II dadianTan da misi sami

meuRlidan romelimesTan. vfiqrobT, aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,

gacilebiT ufro meti albaTobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom caiSis

gulanis kolofonebSi moxseniebulia kacia I dadiani, romlis Sesaxebac,

kacia II-sagan gansxvavebiT, bevrad ufro mwiri saistorio cnobebi

mogvepoveba (xorava 2001: 32-33).

166

garda zemoTqmulisa, caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia

dadianisa da kacia I-is identifikaciis sasargeblod naTlad metyvelebs

sxva sagulisxmo garemoebac. kerZod, caiSis gulanis kolofonebis

mixedviT, kacia dadianis meuRle mariami Tavadac dadiani iyo _ àsuli

dadianisa~, oRond, cxadia, ara kacias sisxlismieri naTesavi, aramed

romeliRac sxva dinastiis Camomavali. Tanac, amasTan, ara odiSis

mTavarTa romelime gverdiTi Stos rigiTi warmomadgeneli, aramed

erTaderTi kanonieri memkvidre _ `Zed CasaTvleli~ im dadianisa, rome-

lic, Tavis mxriv, mTeli sadadianos _ òdiSis, svaneTisa da afxazeTis~

mflobeli iyo. anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mariami _ dadianebis erTi,

savaraudod, Zveli dinastiis memkvidre da `ganmaaxlebeli~, imavdroulad,

iyo meuRle odiSis mTavrad aRzevebuli kaciasi da deda dadianebis

meore, savaraudod, axali dinastiisa. Tu caiSis gulanis minawerebSi

daculi cnobebis Cveneuli interpretacia sworia, maSin calsaxad

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am kolofonebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadiani da

misi Tanamecxedre mariami uSualo monawileobas iRebdnen odiSis

mTavarTa erTi dinastiis meore dinastiiT Canacvlebis umniSvnelovanes

istoriul procesSi, rasac, Tavis mxriv, adgili hqonda swored XVIII

saukunis dasawyisSi, kacia I-isa da misi mamis _ giorgi lipartianis,

igive giorgi IV dadianis mmarTvelobis Jams da ara 1758-1788 wlebSi,

roca odiSs kacia II ganagebda (beraZe 2000: 32-33; xorava 2001: 17-24, 27-29,

32-33, 45-48).

rogorc vxedavT, eqvTime TayaiSvilisa da abesalom tuRuSis mier

gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi savsebiT sworia da caiSis gulanis minawerebSi

marTlac moxseniebulni arian odiSis mTavari kacia I dadiani da misi

Tanamecxedre mariam dadiani, petre litvinovis moxsenebiTi baraTis

mixedviT, kanonieri asuli dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo

warmomadgenlis anu levan IV dadianisa125.

125 caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadianis kacia I-Tan identificirebis Semdeg Tavisuflad xerxdeba Tavad kolofonebis daTariRebac. kerZod, minawerebis teqstSi kacia I dadianad aris moxseniebuli, es ukanaskneli ki odiSis mTavris taxts metad xanmokle periodSi _ 1709-1710 wlebSi flobda (xorava 2001: 32-33). Sesabamisad, ar SevcdebiT Tuki davaskvniT, rom caiSis gulanis Cvens mier gamoyofili ori kolofoni amave 1709-1710 wlebSia Sesrulebuli.

167

aRniSnul daskvnas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni Semdgomi

msjelobisaTvis. marTlac, masze dayrdnobiT, sabolood dgindeba, rom

levan IV dadians ukanono vaJis _ giorgis garda, kanonieri asuli _

mariamic hyavda. xolo vinaidan qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis Tanaxmad,

levan IV dadians mxolod erTi kanonieri meuRle _ TinaTin bagrationi

hyavda (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 849), maSin cxadi xdeba isic, rom

mariami swored CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin batoniSvilis asuli iyo.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, swored amgvari daskvnis sasargeblod unda

metyvelebdes caiSis gulanis meore minaweris erTi adgili, sadac

mariami `daviTis asulad~ da `RmrTis morCad~ aris moxseniebuli:

`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... gulani caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa,

patronobasa Sina dadianis kacias{a}Ta da Tanamecxedrisa maTisa ...

{a}sulisaÁ daviTisaÁ ... da R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ .. batonis

dedoflis mariamis{aTa}~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtu-

acia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).

ras gulisxmobda minaweris avtori, roca mariams uwodebda `daviTis

asulsa~ da `RmrTis morCad aRmocenebuls~? Cveni azriT, am frazebiT

xazi hqonda gasmuli mariamis warmomavlobas, ufro zustad ki, im faqts,

rom igi, garda mamiT dadianobisa, dedis anu CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin

batoniSvilis mxriv, iyo Camomavali bagrationTa imereTisa (TinaTinis

mamis xazi) da qarTlis (TinaTinis dedis xazi) samefo saxlebisa, rom-

lebic sakuTar warmomavlobas, tradiciulad, bibliur mefe daviTs ukav-

Sirebdnen da Tavs macxovris naTesavebad miiCnevdnen (lorTqifaniZe 1966).

amrigad, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom TinaTin

bagrations levan IV dadianTan qorwinebis Sedegad hyavda RviZli Svili

_ mariami, romelic SemdgomSi colad gahyva gadadianebuli Ciqvanebis

erT-erT pirvel warmomadgenels _ kacia I-s.

rodis unda momxdariyo kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwineba? aRniSnul

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakuTar mosazrebas mxolod istorikosi beJan

xorava gamoTqvams, romelic am faqts, raime argumentis gareSe, 1680-iani

wlebis miwuruliT aTariRebs (xorava 2001: 17).

Cven ver gaviziarebT beJan xoravas mier SemoTavazebul TariRs.

daviwyoT imiT, rom mariami TinaTin bagrationis asuli iyo. Tavad

168

TinaTin batoniSvili, rogorc ukve vaCveneT zemoT, daibada 1678 wels.

Sesabamisad, igi minimalur saqorwino asaks _ 12-14 wels mxolod 1690-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi Tu miaRwevda. Cveni dakvirvebiT, levan IV dadiani

swored am periodSi daqorwinda TinaTin bagrationze da amave 1690-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi daibada maTi asuli mariamic. Tu Cveni varaudi swo-

ria, maSin cxadi xdeba isic, rom mariami, Tavis mxriv, minimalur saqor-

wino asaks _ imave 12-14 wels, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, mxolod 1700-iani

wlebis pirvel naxevarSi Tu miaRwevda. anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, kacia

I dadianisa da mariamis qorwinebas yvelaze Zunwi gamoTvlebiTac ki,

verasgziT ver eqneboda adgili 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarze ufro

adreul periodSi.

rac Seexeba kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwinebis zeda qronologiur

zRvars. am mxriv, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom caiSis gulanis

zemoT warmodgenil meore minawerSi saxelebis miTiTebis gareSe

moxseniebulni arian kacia I-isa da mariamis Svilebi _ `Zeebi da asulebi~:

`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... sulTa ganmanaTlebeli gulani

caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina dadianis kacias{a}Ta da

Tanamecxedrisa maTisa ... batonis dedoflis mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa}

brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese gulani maTda sadRegrZelod da

wa{r}samarTeb{e}lad da gansaZlierebelad da ZeTa maTTa da asulTa

maTTa<Á> aRsazrdelad. R(merTma)n daumtkicos patronobaÁ maTi

sigrZesa<Á> S(in)a dReTasa da mravalmca arian Jamni da welni cxorebisa

maTisani, a(me)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _

T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).

vinaidan caiSis gulanis kolofonebi kacia I-is dadianobis Jams anu

1709-1710 wlebSi Cans dawerili (ix.: zemoT), maSin naTeli xdeba isic, rom

1709-1710 wlebisaTvis odiSis mTavarsa da mis Tanamecxedres ukve

ramdenime Svili hyavdaT126. aRniSnuli garemoeba ki, kacia I-isa da

126 sxvaTa Soris, kacia I-is Svilebis _ `Zeebisa da asulebis~ Taobaze ratomRac araferia naTqvami beJan xoravas wignSi _ `dadianTa samTavro saxlis axali dinastia~, sadac, Tavis mxriv, maqsimaluri sisruliT aris Tavmoyrili mravalferovani saistorio masala, zogadad, dadianebis axali dinastiis warmomadgenlebisa da konkretulad, kacia I-is biografiis Sesaxeb (xorava 2001: 32-33).

169

mariamis qorwinebis zeda qronologiur zRvars myarad gansazRvravs 1700-

iani wlebis SuaxanebiT.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki

davaskvniT, rom kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwinebas adgili hqonda ara

1680-iani wlebis bolos, aramed 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi.

dasasrul, sagangebod unda SevexoT mariamis biografiasTan

dakavSirebul kidev erT saintereso sakiTxs. caiSis gulanis CvenTvis

saintereso meore minaweris avtors mariamis misamarTiT mravali saqebari

sityva aqvs naTqvami:

`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... sulTa ganmanaTlebeli gulani

caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina ... pirmSoÁsa, pirmetyvelisa,

R(mrT)ismoyvarisaÁ da qristes morwmunisaÁ, qalwulTa msgavsebul{i}sa

da y(ovel)Ta T(an)a dedaTaÁ SeerTeb{u}lisaÁ da {a}sulisaÁ daviTisaÁ,

orRano{i}saÁ tkbil{i}saÁ, eban{i}saÁ sulier{i}sa da qnar{i}saÁ da

R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ da yovlisaÁ saRm{r}To-sakacobomdis

sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdil{i}saÁ, didTaÁ didisa, zeST aRmatebu-

lisa, eliasebr sam camde aRwevnulisa, odiSTaÁ, suanTaÁ da afxazeTTa

mflobelisaÁ, batonis dadianis Zed mosaTvlelisaÁ da axlad odiSis

dadianis Zed ganmaaxlebelisaÁ, dadianis asulis, batonis dedoflis

mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa} brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese gulani...~ (qarag-

mis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili

1914: 190-191).

samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom minaweris avtoris mxridan

mariamis Sefaseba cota gazviadebuli Cans, magram amis gaTvalis-

winebiTac ki, es ukanaskneli mainc didad znekeTil, saTno da wignier

adamianad warmogvidgeba. minaweridan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs

is adgili, sadac naTqvamia, rom mariami Cinebulad ganswavluli,

SesaniSnavi saero da sasuliero ganaTlebis mqone _ `yovlisa saRmrTo-

sakacobomdis sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdili~ piri iyo.

safiqrebelia, rom mariamis aRzrda-ganaTlebaSi gansakuTrebul rols,

pirvel yovlisa, misi deda _ TinaTin bagrationi TamaSobda, romlis

ganswavlulobac, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, mTels dasavleT saqar-

TveloSi iyo cnobili.

170

amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, CvenTvis saintereso

TinaTin-yofili nino bagrationis zemoT dadgenil biografiaSi

damatebiT Segvaqvs ramdenime axali detali:

_ levan IV dadianisa da TinaTin bagrationis qorwinebas adgili

hqonda ara 1684-1695/1696 wlebs Soris periodSi, rogorc es aRniSnuli

iyo zemoT, aramed daaxloebiT 1690-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, roca

TinaTini sakmaod mcirewlovani _ 12-14 wlisa iyo.

_ TinaTin bagrations levan IV-sTan qorwinebis Sedegad hyavda

erTaderTi RviZli Svili _ mariami, romelic, savaraudod, daibada 1690-

iani wlebis dasawyisSi. mariami, romelsac, dedis xelSewyobiT, Cinebuli

saero da sasuliero ganaTleba hqonda miRebuli, TanamedroveTa Soris

kargad aRzrdil, znekeTil da ganswavlul qalad iTvleboda.

_ 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi sakmaod mcirewlovani _ 12-14

wlis mariami colad gahyva odiSis mTavris, pirveli gadadianebuli

Ciqvanis _ giorgi IV-is (1701-1709, 1710-1714 ww.) ufros vaJs kacias,

SemdgomSi, agreTve, odiSis mTavars _ kacia I dadians (1709-1710 ww.). 1709-

1710 wlebisaTvis kacia I-sa da mariams ramdenime qal-vaJi hyavdaT.

_ TinaTin bagrations, garda mariamisa, hyavda geric, levan IV-is

ukanono vaJi, SemdgomSi ruseTSi moRvawe cnobili samxedro moxele,

artileriis general-maiori, dadianebis ruseTis Stos fuZemdebeli _

giorgi dadiani (gard. 1765 w.).

nino bagrationis zemoT warmodgenili biografiidan gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas ipyrobs kidev erTi garemoeba _ 1723 wels, roca ruseTisaken

mimavali vaxtang VI raWaSi dabanakda, Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili

gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda. es faqti pirdapir aqvs aRniSnuli nino

bagrationis mowafes, imxanad, agreTve, gelaTSi myof, aRwerili

movlenebis uSualo monawilesa da TviTmxilvels gabriel gelovans.

misi TqmiT, vaxtang VI-is raWaSi SeCerebis àmbavi esma ... asulsa mefisa

bagratisasa batonisSvilsa ninos, imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa~

(enuqiZe ... 1963: 175).

ratom da ra mizniT imyofeboda nino bagrationi 1724 wels gelaTis

monasterSi? vfiqrobT, am kiTxvas erTaderTi sarwmuno pasuxi aqvs _

171

rogorc Cans, Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili 1724 wels gelaTSi sasuliero

moRvaweobas eweoda.

Tu Cveni pasuxi sworia, maSin ismis momdevno kiTxva _ ra droidan

moRvaweobda TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi? samwuxarod,

Sesabamisi masalis uqonlobis gamo, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,

kategoriulad verafers vityviT, Tumca ki gamovTqvamT varauds, rom nino

batoniSvili 1704 wels swored gelaTis monasterSi Semonazvnda da am

droidan moyolebuli, vidre 1724 wlamde aqve, gelaTSi moRvaweobda.

ratom daemkvidra TinaTin-yofili nino maincadamainc gelaTis

monasterSi da ara dasavleT saqarTvelos romelime sxva savaneSi?

vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi, nino batoniSvilma kanonierad isargebla

Tavisi sagvareulo privilegiiT da samoRvaweo adgilad swored amis

gaTvaliswinebiT SearCia gelaTi _ imerel bagrationTa saZvale da maTi

upirvelesi sagvareulo monasteri (lominaZe 1955: 21-26, 30-35, 38-53).

davuSvaT, rom Cveni msjeloba sworia da Semonazvnebuli

batoniSvili 1704-1724 wlebSi marTlac gelaTis monasterSi iyo

damkvidrebuli. am SemTxvevaSi, rogor unda avxsnaT is faqti, rom

TinaTin-yofili nino mTeli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi sasuliero

moRvaweobas eweoda gelaTSi, romelic XII saukunidan moyolebuli

mamaTa monasters warmoadgenda (lominaZe 1955: 67-77). Cven aq yuradReba

sagangebod gavamaxvileT gelaTSi moqmed mamaTa monasterze, vinaidan

saeklesio kanonikis, ufro zustad ki, nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio

krebis (787 w.) me-20 kanonis Tanaxmad, enkratisis anu monazoni qalis

yofna sastikad aris akrZaluli mamaTa monasterSi:

`nu iqcevian erTsa monastersa Sina monazonni (igulisxmebian

monazoni kacebi _ T. j.) da enkratisni (igulisxmebian monazoni qalebi _

T. j.), rameTu mruSebaÁ Semovals Soris erTbamad qcevasa. numca aqus

kadnierebaÁ monazonsa enkratisisa mimarT, gina enkratissa monazonisa

mimarT TÂsagani ubnobaÁ. numca daemkÂdrebis monazoni sadedosa

monastersa Sina, nuca Wamn monazonisa Tana enkratisi TÂsagan da odes

saWiroobaÁ cxorebisaÁ samamoÁsa kerZisagan kanonisaebr miiRebdes,

garegniT bWisa miiRebdin dedaTdiakoni sadedoÁsa monastrisaÁ

dedaberisa visme enkratisisa mier. xolo ukueTu daemTxÂos da enebos

172

monazonsa TÂsisa visime xilvaÁ mun yofasa dedaTdiakonisasa, ezraxen mas

mciriTa da mokliTa sityÂTa da meyseulad ganeSoren misgan~

(gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 429)127.

amrigad, Tu gansaxilav sakiTxs mivudgebiT mxolod nikeis VII

msoflio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis poziciidan, maSin calsaxad

unda davaskvnaT, rom nino batoniSvili drois arcerT monakveTSi ar

moRvaweobda gelaTis monasterSi. magram aris ki amgvari daskvna

marTebuli? vfiqrobT, rom ara. rogorc istoriul realiebze dakvirveba

gviCvenebs, gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi nikeis VII msoflio

saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis moTxovnebi yovelTvis ar iyo daculi.

magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT imave gabriel gelovanis cnobas, sadac

pirdapir aris naTqvami, rom 1724 wels, vaxtang VI-is raWaSi misvlis

ambis gagebisas, TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda:

èse ambavi esma ... asulsa mefisa bagratisasa batonisSvilsa ninos,

imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa~. am SemTxvevaSi, arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar

aqvs, ramdeni xani imyofeboda nino batoniSvili gelaTSi _ oci wlis

manZilze (1704-1724 ww.), rogorc Cven vivaraudeT zemoT, Tu SedarebiT

ufro mokle drois ganmavlobaSi. aq mTavari is aris, rom TinaTin-

yofili nino 1724 wels namdvilad imyofeboda gelaTis mamaTa

monasterSi da amiT avtomaturad arRvevda nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio

krebis me-20 kanons.

is faqti, rom nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanoni

gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi yovelTvis ar iyo daculi, naTlad

Cans XVIII saukunis TvalsaCino qarTveli mwignobari qalis _ mariam-

yofili makrine bagrationis biografiidanac, romelic, sxvaTa Soris,

gasaocari sizustiT imeorebs TinaTin-yofili ninos cxovrebisa da

moRvaweobis ZiriTad etapebs.

qarTul samecniero literaturaSi damkvidrebuli mosazrebis

Tanaxmad, mariam bagrationi daibada 1697/1698 wlebSi, qarTlisa (1688-1703

127 filologos mixeil qavTarias azriT, mamaTa da dedaTa erT monasterSi moRvaweoba akrZalulia nikeis VII saeklesio krebis ara me-20, aramed me-18 kanoniT (qavTaria 1977: 211). Cven ver gaviziarebT mkvlevris am mosazrebas, vinaidan mis mier naxsenebi me-18 kanoni Seexeba ara monazon qalebs, aramed saero wesiT mcxovreb dedakacebs (gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 428).

173

ww.) da kaxeTis (1703-1709 ww.) mefis erekle I nazarali-xanisa da misi

Tanamecxedris ana ColoyaSvilis (gard. 1716 w.) ojaxSi. 1714 wlamde

periodSi, erekle I-is vaJis _ kaxeTis mefe daviT II imam-yuli xanis (1709-

1722 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams, sul didi, 17 wlis mariami colad SeirTo

kaxeTis samefos saxlTuxucesma ediSer ColoyaSvilma. mariamis qor-

wineba didxans ar gagrZelebula. daaxloebiT 1714-1716 wlebSi ediSer

ColoyaSvili lekebTan brZolaSi daiRupa. 1716 wlisaTvis daqvrivebuli

mariami monazvnad aRikveca da saxelad makrine ewoda. Semonazvnebulma

batoniSvilma kanonierad isargebla sagvareulo privilegiiT da

sakuTari Zmis _ mefe daviT II-is nebarTviT, samoRvaweod daemkvidra ala-

verdSi _ kaxeli bagrationebis saZvalesa da maT upirveles sagvareulo

monasterSi, ufro zustad ki, alaverdis wm. giorgis saepiskoposo taZris

wm. nikolozis ekvderSi128. mariam-yofilma makrinem, romelic Tavisi

drois erT-erT saukeTeso mwignobrad iTvleboda, mTeli darCenili

sicocxle alaverdSi gaatara da XVIII saukunis SuaxanebSi, gardacva-

lebis Semdeg aqve daikrZala (kekeliZe 1957: 232-236; qavTaria 1977: 202-212).

rogorc vxedavT, 1716 wlidan vidre XVIII saukunis Suaxanebamde

periodSi anu meoTxed saukuneze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi kaxeTis mefis

Semonazvnebuli asuli _ mariam-yofili makrine sasuliero moRvaweobas

eweoda alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedris teritoriaze, sadac imav-

droulad moqmedebda mamaTa monasteri da amiT, imereli batoniSvilis

TinaTin-yofili ninos msgavsad, avtomaturad arRvevda nikeis VII msof-

lio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanons.

amrigad, Tu zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba sworia da gviani Sua

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi marTlac irRveoda nikeis VII msoflio

saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis moTxovnebi, maSin savsebiT sarwmuno xdeba

Cvens mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac gelaTis monas-

terSi Semonazvnebuli nino bagrationi 1704-1724 wlebSi aqve, gelaTSi

moRvaweobda.

128 qarTul samecniero literaturaSi alaverdis monastris arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT, ori sapirispiro azri arsebobs. mixeil qavTaria miiCnevs, rom àlaverdSi, wm. giorgis sax. kaTedralTan araviTari monasteri ar arsebobda, arc dedaTa da arc mamaTa~ (qavTaria 1977: 211). misgan gansxvavebuli azri aqvT levan asaTians (asaTiani 1936: 41), korneli kekeliZes (kekeliZe 1957: 236), levan menabdes (menabde 1962: 344) da sxv. piradad Cven meore mosazrebas vuWerT mxars.

174

dasasrul, SevniSnavT, rom TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi

yofnisas martooden saeklesio msaxurebiT ar iyo dakavebuli. rogorc

gabriel gelovanis anderZidan irkveva, Semonazvnebul batoniSvils ge-

laTSi sakuTari mowafeebi hyavda da Tu imave gabriel gelovanis magali-

TiT vimsjelebT, Cinebuladac uZRveboda maTi aRzrda-ganaTlebis saqmes.

davubrundeT garejul krebuls da ganvixiloT CvenTvis saintereso

II da III minawerebSi moxseniebuli danarCeni ori istoriuli piris _

febronia da grigol xevariZeebis vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

rogorc aRniSnuli kolofonebidan irkveva, febronia xevariZeTa

gvars ekuTvnoda da iyo da warmomavlobiT dasavleT saqarTvelodan,

ufro zustad ki, guriidan iyo.

febronias gvarisa da sadaurobis garda, kolofonebidan vigebT, rom

maTi daweris droisaTvis igi ukve Semonazvnebuli iyo. febronias

monazonobis faqti, Ven.4-is minawerebis garda, dadasturebuli gvaqvs wm.

giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ erT-erT minaweriTac, sadac igi agreTve

monazonad aris moxseniebuli. rac Seexeba febronias asaks, saero sa-

xels, Semonazvnebis TariRsa da sxva biografiul monacemebs, es deta-

lebi, TinaTin-yofili ninosagan gansxvavebiT, CvenTvis cnobili ar aris.

garejuli krebulis II kolofonSi febronia xevariZis gverdiT

moxseniebulia misi biZa _ grigol xevariZe. vinaidan grigolica da

febroniac erTsa da imave gvars _ xevariZes atarebdnen, safiqrebelia,

rom isini erTimeoris biZa-Zmiswuli iyvnen.

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia Tavad gvari _ xevariZe, romelsac verc

CvenTvis cnobil saistorio wyaroebSi da verc Tanamedrove

saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT versad mivakvlieT. anu, sxvagvarad rom

vTqvaT, garejuli krebulis II da III minawerebis saxiT xelT gvaqvs is

orad ori werilobiTi Zegli, sadac dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli

XVIII saukunis I naxevris guriaSi gavrcelebuli da dReisaTvis mTlianad

gamqrali istoriuli gvaris _ xevariZis arsebobis faqti.

Ven.4-is CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebSi moxseniebuli istoriuli

pirebis vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garkvevis Semdeg kidev

erTxel unda davubrundeT am minawerebis daTariRebis sakiTxs. rogorc

zemoT vaCveneT, TinaTin batoniSvili ninos saxeliT Semonazvnda 1704

175

wlis 2 aprils. vinaidan garejuli krebulis minawerebSi igi ukve

TinaTin-yofili ninos saxeliT aris moxseniebuli, cxadia, rom es

kolofonebi misi Semonazvnebis anu 1704 wlis Semdeg aris dawerili.

nino bagrationis Semonazvnebis TariRis garda, Cven zemoT vaCveneT isic,

rom 1742 wlisaTvis 64 wlis asakSi myofi Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili

jer kidev cocxali iyo da savaraudod, moskovis midamoebSi cxovrobda.

Tu aqve gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi nino

bagrationi cocxlad aris moxseniebuli, maSin minawerebis Sesrulebis

zeda qronologiur zRvrad daaxloebiT 1740-iani wlebi unda aviRoT.

amrigad, nino bagrationis biografiul monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

sagrZnoblad vaviwrovebT Cveni kvlevis pirvel etapze dadgenil vrcel

qronologiur monakveTs _ 1700-1813/1814 wlebs da garejuli krebulis

CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebs 1704-1740-iani wlebiT, ufro zogadad ki,

XVIII saukunis I naxevriT vaTariRebT.

ra damokidebuleba arsebobda TinaTin-yofil ninosa da monazon

febronias Soris? samwuxarod, Sesabamisi masalis uqonlobis gamo am

kiTxvaze raime kategoriuli pasuxis gacema, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia.

miuxedavad amisa, viTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom am ori monazoni

qalis saxeli garejuli krebulisa da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxov-

rebis~ savedreblebSi erTimeoris gverdiT aris warmodgenili da gamov-

TqvamT varauds, rom TinaTin-yofili nino da monazoni febronia Tana-

mosagreebi iyvnen. rac Seexeba imas, Tu konkretulad ra forma hqonda

maT Tanamosagreobas _ moZRvroba-mowafeobis Tu ubralod, erT savaneSi

moRvaweobisa, am etapze arc amis Sesaxeb SegviZlia raimes gadaWriT Tqma.

sad da rodis mosagreobdnen erTad nino batoniSvili da febronia

xevariZe? jerjerobiT verc am kiTxvaze gavcemT raime damajerebel pasuxs.

marTlac, nino bagrationsa da monazon febronias erTad moRvaweoba

Tanabari warmatebiT SeeZloT rogorc saqarTveloSi anu 1724 wlamde

periodSi, ise ruseTSi anu 1724 wlis Semdgom qronologiur monakveTSi.

miRebuli daskvnebis Semdeg Semdeg bunebrivad ibadeba momdevno

kiTxva _ konkretulad vis mier aris dawerili Ven.4-is kolofonebi _

nino bagrationis, febronia monazonis Tu grigol xevariZis mier?

176

dasaxelebuli sami piridan amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos grigol

xevariZe. jer erTi, am ukanasknelis saxeli mxolod erT kolofonSi,

isic gakvriT, febronia monazonis savedrebelis bolo nawilSia

moxseniebuli. garda amisa, grigol xevariZe saerTod ar ixsenieba wm.

giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebisaTvis~ darTul sam savedrebelSi. arada,

am savedreblebsa da Ven.4-is kolofonebze zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki

naTlad uCvenebs, rom isini erTi da imave piris mier aris dawerili.

minawerebis savaraudo avtorebidan grigol xevariZis garda,

aucileblad unda gamoiricxos nino bagrationic. marTlac, yovlad

warmoudgenelia, rom Semonazvnebul batoniSvils Tavad daewera

kolofonebi da am teqstebSi sakuTari ojaxis wevrebisa da naTesavebis _

imereTis, qarTlisa da odiSis samefo Tu samTavro saxlebis

gvirgvinosani warmomadgenlebis nacvlad, vinme grigol xevariZisaTvis

Sevedreboda ufals.

Tu zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom gare-

juli krebulis CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebi guruli monazonis feb-

ronia xevariZis mier wmida miwaze yofnis Jams, ierusalimis erT-erT qar-

Tul monasterSi iyo dawerili. sxvaTa Soris, amgvari daskvnis gaziarebis

SemTxvevaSi, absoluturad gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom ixsenieba febronia

xevariZis xeliT daweril savedreblebSi ara imereTis, qarTlisa da odi-

Sis samefo Tu samTavro ojaxebis wevrTa saxelebi, aramed maincadamainc

misi biZis _ grigol xevariZis saxeli (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 114, 141).

aqve usaTuod unda SevexoT kidev erT saintereso sakiTxs _ monazo-

ni febronia marto imyofeboda wmida miwaze Tu mas nino batoniSvilic

axlda Tan? samwuxarod, verc am kiTxvaze gavcemT raime garkveul pasuxs.

arada, qarTuli feodaluri aristokratiis umaRlesi fenis warmomad-

genlis _ qarTlis mefis SviliSvilis, odiSis mTavris colyofilisa da

imereTis mefis Semonazvnebuli asulis ierusalimSi momlocvelobis

faqti sakmaod saintereso Strixi iqneboda saqarTvelosa da wmida miwis

urTierTobebis XVIII saukunis istoriisaTvis.

nino batoniSvilisagan gansxvavebiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom wmida miwaze namdvilad imyofeboda guruli monazoni febronia

xevariZe. Cven zemoT gavarkvieT, rom garejuli krebulis kolofonebi

177

dawerilia XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi. Sesabamisad, amave XVIII saukunis I

naxevriT unda ganisazRvros minawerebis avtoris _ febronia monazonis

wmida miwaze yofnis qronologiac.

im faqts, rom febronia xevariZe namdvilad imyofeboda wmida miwaze,

erTgvarad adasturebs qarTveli mecnieris aleqsandre cagarelis mier

1883 wels ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris wignTsacavSi mikvle-

uli XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweris _ aTanase aleqsandrielis

`fsalmunTa ganmartebis~ (?) aSiaze Sesrulebuli minaweri, romlis

teqstSic, mkvlevris TqmiT, moxseniebuli yofila guruli monazoni

febronia (cagareli 1888: 189).

febronia xevariZis wmida miwaze yofnis faqts unda adasturebdes

1040 wels gadawerili da imTaviTve ierusalimis jvris monastrisaTvis

Sewiruli qarTuli xelnaweris _ grigol RmrTismetyvelisa da grigol

noselis TxzulebaTa krebulis erTi gviandeli mxedruli minaweric.

Tavad xelnaweri 1820 wlamde ierusalimis jvris minasterSi inaxeboda,

amJamad ki peterburgis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis xelnawerTa

ganyofilebaSia daculi (P-3). marTalia, CvenTvis saintereso minaweris

teqsti mis gamomcemels, xelnaweris akademiuri aRwerilobis avtors _

Tamar bregaZes SecdomebiT aqvs amokiTxuli, magram, mainc darwmunebiT

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kolofonSi namdvilad febronia xevariZea

moxseniebuli:

`RmerTo, Semiwyale monazoni Tebronia zekariZis (!) qali, guruli,

amin~ (bregaZe 1988: 77).

ra mizniT imyofeboda febronia monazoni ierusalimSi _ wmida miwis

mosalocad Tu romelime aqaur savaneSi dasamkvidreblad? rasakvirvelia,

kategoriuli ver viqnebiT, magram safiqrebelia, rom febronia xevariZe

wmida miwaze ierusalimis erT-erT dedaTa monasterSi dasamkvidreblad

iyo Casuli. am mxriv, metad sayuradRebod gveCveneba qarTlis mTavarepis-

koposis timoTe gabaSvilis (1753-1764 ww.) TxzulebaSi _ `mimoslva~ (1757-

1759 ww.) daculi erTi cnoba, sadac asaxulia ierusalimis mirqmis (?)

qarTvel dedaTa monasterSi 1757-1758 wlebisaTvis arsebuli viTareba: `q.

ese monasteri dedaTa qarTvelTaTvis ars, rameTu ars iRumenisa

qarTveli, xaritini saxelad, asuli anCafiSvilisa. ori monazoni kaxni

178

arian, sxva ruiseli, imereli da guruli. iyofebian sulierad da

keTilad wmidasa mas adgilsa~ (timoTe gabaSvili 1956: 0194, 81). vfiqrobT,

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom timoTe gabaSvilis mier naxseneb gurul

moweseSi swored garejuli krebulisa da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis

`cxovrebis~ savedreblebidan cnobili guruli monazoni febronia

xevariZe igulisxmebodes (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 141).

179

Tavi III. garejul krebulSi (Ven.4) Setanili

Txzulebebi, rogorc saistorio wyaro

$1. dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati

`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCunebaÁ~129

1. Txzulebis zogadi daxasiaTeba.

garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrili Tormeti teqstidan, istoriul-

wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs

rigiT merve Txzuleba, saxelwodebiT: `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuene-

baÁ~ (249v-254v). amave Txzulebis dasaxeleba mcired gansxvavebuli saxiT

ikiTxeba garejuli krebulis `zandukSi~, romelic mogvianebiT Cans

Sedgenili: `SeCuÀnebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ~ (3r).

Txzulebis saTauridan gamomdinare, misi teqsti TiTqos wmindad

dogmatikuri xasiaTisa unda iyos, Tumca es, erTi SexedviT. sinamdvileSi,

TxzulebaSi, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, dogmatikuri msjelobis

garda, Warbad aris warmodgenili polemikis elementebic, ris gamoc,

traqtati, tipologiurad, ara dogmatikur, aramed _ dogmatikur-pole-

mikur TxzulebaTa jgufs unda mivakuTvnoT.

`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~ struqturuli TvalsazrisiT,

or nawilad SeiZleba daiyos. sagulisxmoa, rom Ven.4-is gadamwers niko-

loz nikrais TiToeuli am nawilis dasawyisi sagangebod gauformebia

mdidrulad ornamentirebuli TiTo mTavruli sazedao asoTi. mas jer

singuriT mouxazavs am sazedao asoebis konturebi, xolo Semdeg mqrqali

agurisferi, wiTeli, cisferi da yviTeli saRebavebiT Seuferadebia isini.

traqtatis pirvel nawilSi Tavs iyris eqvsi e. w. ànaTema~, sadac

dawyevlili da SeCvenebulia mwvalebluri swavlebebis _ arianobis,

evnomianelobis, nestorianobis, severianobis, monofizitobisa da maniqeve-

lobis eqvsi yvelaze cnobili warmomadgeneli: aleqsandrieli mRvdeli

129 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi nawili Sejamebuli gvaqvs 2003 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi: `XII saukunis garejul krebulSi (Ven.4-Si) daculi erTi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis Sesaxeb (`wvale-bisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~)~ (jojua 2003b: 54-112).

180

ariozi (III-IV ss.), qiziyieli episkoposi evnomiosi (IV s.), konstantino-

poleli patriarqi nestori (IV-V ss.), antioqieli patriarqi severosi (V-

VI ss.), konstantinopoleli arqimandriti evtiqi (V s.) da maniqeizmis

fuZemdebeli mani (III s.).

ànaTemebi~ mcire zomisaa. TiToeul maTganSi miTiTebulia erTi

romelime eresiarqis saxeli, misi mwvalebluri swavlebis ZiriTadi arsi,

im wmida mamaTa vinaoba an saeklesio krebaTa dasaxeleba, romlebmac

amxiles eretikosi da am ukanasknelis dakrulva-SeCveneba. magaliTi-

saTvis moviyvanT ori ànaTemis~ teqsts:

`cofman nistor, uRmrToman da savseman simyraliTa, enaÁ TÂsi

gesluvani aRlesa gmobad yovladwmidisa da kurTxeulisa qalwulisa

mariam RmrTismSobelisa da didisa kÂriles mier SeiCuena...

evtÂqi, saZageli da mÃdomi eklesiaTaÁ da ucxoÁ RmrTisagan da gan-

dgomili, qalkidonisa krebaman ÃmamaRlad SeaCuena wyeuli da SeCuenebuli,

rameTu Sehrevda bunebaTa qristes RmrTisaTa usjuloebiTa~ (249v-250r).

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom meeqvse ànaTemis~ bolos moyvanilia kidev

erTi mokle wyevla, sadac, zogadad, yvela eresiarqisa da mwvaleblis

saerTo SeCvenebaa warmodgenili: `wyeul iyavn da SeCuenebul mgmobari

piri misi (meeqvse mwvaleblis anu manis _ T. j.) da suli da yovelTa

mwvalebelTa da mimdgomTa misTaÁ misTana, amen iyavn~ (250v).

Txzulebis meore nawilis dasawyisSi moTavsebulia dogmatikuri

xasiaTis msjeloba, mimarTuli macxovris erTbunebianobis mamtkicebelTa

winaaRmdeg. msjelobis dasasruls aRniSnulia, rom uflis orbunebia-

nobas, pirvel yovlisa, Tavad saxarebaSi aRwerili ambebi warmoaCenen:

`TÂT saqmeni aswaveben jerovnad ganmrCevelTa, viTarmed saRmrToni igi

Zalni misni qadageben, rameTu WeSmaritad RmerTi ars da vnebani misni

wameben, viTarmed WeSmaritad kaci ars da Ãorcni misni asulisagan

kacisa arian~ (250v-251r).

am, erTgvar Sesaval teqsts mosdevs saxarebidan gamokrebili iseTi

ocdaToTxmeti ambis CamonaTvali, sadac erTdroulad Cans macxovris ro-

gorc RmrTaebrivi, ise _ kacebrivi buneba. sagulisxmoa isic, rom Txzu-

lebis am nawilSi ukve mkafiod Cndeba antimonofizituri polemikis niSnebi.

teqstSi yoveli saxarebiseuli ambavi ori, Sewyvilebuli kiTxviT aris

181

warmodgenili, romlebic konkretulad am ambavSi asaxul faqtebs emyareba

da, erTi mxriv, uflis RmrTaebrivi, meore mxriv, misi kacebrivi bunebis

warmoCenas isaxavs miznad. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT erT fragments:

ùkuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, bagasa Sina vin miiwvineboda? ukuÀTu ara

RmerTi iyo, angelozni visda didebad gardamoÃdes?

ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, saxuveliTa vin Seixueoda? da ukuÀTu ara

RmerTi iyo, mwyemsni vis winaSe Tayuanismcemelobdes?

ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, ioseb vis winadascÂTa? da ukuÀTu ara RmerTi

iyo, varskulavi vissa wina rbioda pativad?

ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, mariam vis sZesa awoebda? da ukuÀTu ara

RmerTi iyo, moguni vissa ZRunis mrTumelobdes?~ (251rv).

Txzulebis es vrceli da, Cveni dakvirvebiT, gamorCeuli silamazis

mqone nawili diofizituri swavlebis sadidebeli teqstiT sruldeba:

àramed WeSmarit ars, romelsa aRviarebT, viTarmed Ze RmrTisaÁ Ze

kacis iqmna, asulisagan kacisa, ÃorciTa, romel misgan Seimosna da ese

ars qriste, mxolodSobili Ze da sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ, romlisaÁ ars dide-

baÁ, sufevaÁ da simtkice, aw da ukuniTi ukunisadmde, amen~ (254v).

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom

Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis teqsti, garejuli

krebulis garda, CvenTvis cnobil arcerT sxva xelnawerSi ar aris Setani-

li. Tu es dakvirveba sworia, maSin cxadi xdeba, rom `wvalebisa winamZRu-

arTa SeCuenebaÁ~ Cvenamde mxolod erTi nusxiT aris moRweuli da es

erTaderTi, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisaTvis esoden mniSvnelo-

vani nusxac, Tavis mxriv, swored garejul krebulSia Semonaxuli130.

2. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~, rogorc saistorio wyaro.

Ven.4-Si daculi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati CvenTvis, pirvel

rigSi, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT aris sayuradRebo.

130 madlierebis grZnobiT aRvniSnavT, rom ganxilul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, 2003 wels konsultaciisaTvis mivmarTeT Zveli qarTuli dogmatikuri literaturis mkvlevars, filologos nana Cikvatias. mkvlevarma TiTqmis mTlianad daadastura Cveni winaswari varaudi. misi TqmiT, Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati marTlac ar gvxvdeba sxva qarTul xelnawerebSi da misi teqstic srulebiT ucnobia qarTveli filologosebisaTvis.

182

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs garejis samonastro cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli

qarTul-somxuri konfesiuri urTierTobebis erTi konkretuli problema,

romelic 1985 wels paruir muradianma wamoWra.

mkvlevarma monografiaSi `Армянская Эпиграфика Грузии” Tavi mouyara

garejis qvabovan savaneebSi gamovlenil XIII-XIX saukuneebis somxur

epigrafikul Zeglebs da maTze dayrdnobiT gamoTqva mosazreba, rom

garejSi mosalocad misul somex piligrimebs Tan axldnen monofiziti

mRvdlebi, romlebic garejis eklesia-monastrebSi sakuTari mrevlisaTvis

liturgias aRasrulebdnen, adgilobrivi qalkedoniti moweseebi ki, Tavis

mxriv, araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen somex piligrimTa konfesiur

kuTvnilebas da garkveuli gadasaxadis safasurad, maspinZlobasac ki

uwevdnen maT (muradiani 1985: 192).

paruir muradianis mosazrebaTa erTi nawili uTuod misaRebia

CvenTvis: momlocvelsa Tu ubralod, mgzavrs, romeli swavlebis

mimdevaric ar unda yofiliyo igi, nebismieri monasteri, kacTmoyvareobis

principidan gamomdinare, miiRebda da umaspinZlebda kidec. cxadia, ase

iqneboda garejSic. marTlac, specialistebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili

1274 wlis erTi somxuri nakawri warwera garejis udabnos monastridan,

romelic gvauwyebs, rom garejel mamebs vinme dmaneli monofiziti

piligrimi mSvidobiT ustumrebiaT. amisaTvis, warweris avtori madlobas

swiravs mravalmTis qalkedonit moweseebs, Tumca ki, iqve aRniSnavs, rom

misi keTili garejeli maspinZlebi sarwmunoebiT mainc àrasrulni~ iy-

vnen: àrasruli sarwmunoebiT da keTili saxeliT RvTivcxebulni wmidani

mRvdelni garejisani welsa 723 (=1274 w.), mona... dmanelma mivaRwieT

saxlsa amas~ (meliqseT-begi 1940: 170; Sdr.: muradiani 1985: 188-189).

srulebiT sxva sakiTxia somexi monofiziti mRvdlebis mier garejis

diofizituri samonastro Zmobis kuTvnil eklesia-samlocveloebSi

liturgiuli RmrTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis faqti, rac Sua saukuneebis

saeklesio tradiciis uxeS darRvevas warmoadgenda: marTlmadidebluri

kanonika monofizitur doqtrinas eretikul swavlebad miiCnevda da

qalkedonit morwmuneebs monofizit mwvaleblebTan yovelgvar litur-

giul kavSirs ukrZalavda (gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 168-169, 173, 190, 198, 384-385,

392, 402-404 da sxv.; giunaSvili 1972: 18, 22-23, 33-34, 46-49, 63-68, 74-77 da sxv.).

183

swored am, nebismieri erovnebis diofizitisaTvis savaldebulo,

kanonikuri normebiT iyo reglamentirebuli saqarTvelos istoriidan

cnobili uamravi faqti, romelTa Soris, gansakuTrebiT metyvelia XIII

saukunis dasawyisSi mefe Tamaris (1184-1207/10 ww.) karze momxdari erTi

incidenti, rodesac saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelma, qarTlis

kaTolikosma ioane VIII-m (1205/6-1210 ww.) arasgziT ar aziara qveynis erT-

erTi umaRlesi saxelmwifo moxele, monofiziti amirspasalari zaqaria

mxargrZeli: `nefsiT aravin marTlmadidebelTagani ikadrebs mRdelmoq-

medebasa sefiskuers Tquen, SÂdgzis wyeulTa somexTa~ (istoriani da

azmani SaravandedTani 1959: 82).

Cveni dakvirvebiT, monofizitobisadmi kaTolikos ioane VIII-sagan

gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba arc garejel moweseebs unda hqonodaT. am

mxriv, yovelgvar eWvs gamoricxavs 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili krebu-

li (Ven.4) da masSi Setanili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebi-

sa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~, sadac, sxva eresiarqebis gverdiT, dawyevli-

li da SeCvenebuli arian monofizitur swavlebaTa fuZemdeblebic – kon-

stantinopoleli arqimandriti evtiqe da antioqieli patriarqi severosi.

garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom Ven.4 arasaRmrTis-

msaxuro tipis xelnawers warmoadgenda da ZiriTadad samonastro sena-

kebsa Tu samartomyofeloebSi moRvawe bermonazvnebisaTvis sakiTxavad

iyo gankuTvnili (ix. zemoT). es garemoeba ki, Tavis mxriv, uflebas

gvaZlevs, vamtkicoT, rom Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri

traqtatiTa da sxva msgavsi saeklesio sakiTxavebiT aRzrdil garejel

moweseebs, ise, rogorc nebismier sxva diofizit qristianebs, monofizi-

toba sulis momakvdinebel swavlebad _ eresad miaCndaT da warmoud-

genelia, monofiziti mRvdlebisTvis liturgiis Sesasruleblad raime

motiviT daeTmoT garejis mravalmTis eklesia-samlocveloebi.

3. Txzulebis teqnikuri aRweriloba da misi teqsti.

Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikuri-polemikuri traqtati, ise

rogorc mTeli garejuli krebuli, dawerilia nikoloz nikrais xeliT,

or svetad, nusxuriT. teqstSi alag-alag CarTulia mTavruliT Sesru-

lebuli sazedao asoebi, romelTa daxasiaTebac motanili gveqneba qve-

184

moT, traqtatis teqstisaTvis darTul SeniSvnebSi. nusxuri grafemebis

zomebia: 0,5X0,5 sm.; 0,5X0,3 sm.; 0,5X0,6 sm.; 0,7X0,5 sm. da a. S.

Txzuleba, ZiriTadad, dawerilia yavisferi melniT. Tumca, misi

calkeuli adgilebi, teqstis danarCeni nawilisagan gamoyofis mizniT,

Sesrulebulia singuriT. kerZod, singuriT aris naweri traqtatis saTau-

ri da teqstSi gamoyenebuli punqtuaciis niSnebis calkeuli detalebi.

Txzulebis dasawyisSi, 249v-s marcxena svetis zeda nawilSi gamoyva-

nilia ulamazesi TavsarTi, romelic, Ven.4-is sxva TavsarTebTan erTad,

Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri wignis dekoratiuli gaformebis

erT-erT TvalsaCino nimuSad gvevlineba. TavsarTi warmoadgens marTkuT-

xeds, romlis Sida arec mTlianad feradovan mcenareul ornaments

uWiravs. mcenareuli motivebiT aris Semkuli marTkuTxedis marcxena,

marjvena da zeda kideebic. marTkuTxedis zeda kidis Sua wertilidan

amozrdilia, savaraudod, ayvavilebuli jvari, romlis zeda nawilic

mogviano xanis sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aris moqceuli.

dReisaTvis TxzulebaSi ramdenime adgilas gadasulia melani, alag-

alag ki qaRaldis furclebi Wiis mieraa daxruli, ris gamoc mTlianad

an nawilobriv aris dakarguli calkeuli grafemebi da mTeli sityvebic

ki. am da sxva dazianebaTa gamo dakarguli adgilebi aRdgenili gvaqvs

grafemaTa SemorCenili fragmentebisa da Txzulebis Sesabamisi kon-

teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Cven zemoT, Ven.4-is kodikologiaze saubrisas aRvniSneT, rom 1570

wels garejuli krebuli safuZvlianad ganaaxla urbnelma episkoposma

vlase sahakasZem. xelnaweris aRdgena-gacxovelebis Sedegad, Ven.4-Si

warmodgenili zogierTi teqstisa da, maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso

dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis calkeuli fragmentebi xelnaweris

aSiebze dawebebuli sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aRmoCnda. aRniSnuli

garemoeba, cxadia, gaiTvaliswina vlase urbnelma da daklebuli sityvebi

Tu grafemebi sakuTari xeliT, Savi feris melniT aRadgina sarestav-

racio qaRaldis yvela Sesabamis adgilas.

venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi muSaobis dros Cven gadavwyviteT,

erTimeorisaTvis Segvedarebina sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS moqceuli

anu Tavdapirvelad dawerili da sarestavracio qaRaldze Sesrulebuli

185

anu mogvianebiT aRdgenili teqstebi. am mizniT, Sesadareblad SevarCieT

`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~ da misi ramdenime restavrirebuli

furceli detalurad davaTvaliereT sinaTlis gamWol Suqze. Sedarebam

TvalnaTliv aCvena, rom vlase urbnelis mier ganaxlebuli fragmentebi

mTlad zustad ar misdevda da ar imeorebda nikoloz nikrais mier

daweril teqstebs.

samwuxarod, drois ukmarisobis gamo Cven ver SevZeliT, saTiTaod

amogvekiTxa sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS moqceuli fragmentebi.

amitomac winamdebare naSromSi ubralod erTmaneTisagan gavmijneT

traqtatis teqstSi gamovlenili ori sxvadasxva qronologiur Sre da

vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenili fragmentebi, nikoloz nikrais mier

dawerili teqstisagan gamosayofad, damuqebis gareSe da Tanac, marjvniv

gadaxrili saxiT warmovadgineT.

calke saubris Temaa nikoloz nikrais mier traqtatis teqstSi

gamoyenebuli punqtuaciiis niSnebi. rogorc am niSnebze dakvirveba

aCvenebs, teqstSi isini garkveuli wesis dacviT aris gamoyenebuli. sul

traqtatSi gamoiyofa ormocamde saxis sxvadasxva punqtuaciis niSani,

romlebic rva ZiriTad jgufad iyofa da iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvT. es jgufebia:

I. amJamindeli mZimis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi.

a) mZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.

b) mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.

g) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

orive mZime _ yavisferi melniT.

d) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.

e) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

orive mZime _ singuriT.

v) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime da

maTgan marjvniv Sesrulebuli mesame, agreTve, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

pirveli da mesame mZimeebi _ yavisferi melniT, meore mZime _ singuriT.

186

z) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime da

maTgan marjvniv Sesrulebuli mesame mZime. pirveli da meore mZimeebi _

yavisferi melniT, mesame mZime _ singuriT.

T) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.

i) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli

mZime. wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.

k) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli

mZime. wertilmZimis wertili _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis mZime da

zeda mZime _ singuriT.

II. amJamindeli wertilis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi.

a) mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.

b) orwertili da xazi. orive niSani _ yavisferi melniT.

g) orwertili da mZime. orive niSani _ yavisferi melniT.

d) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT

abrunebuli mZime. yvela niSani _ yavisferi melniT.

e) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT

abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda

mZime _siguriT.

v) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.

z) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.

III. amJamindeli Zaxilis niSnis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis

niSnebi.

a) orwertili, mZime da am ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi,

zeviT abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT,

zeda mZime _ singuriT.

b) wertilmZime, romlis wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali, mZime da am

ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

wertilmZime da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis

wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali da zeda mZime _ singuriT.

IV. amJamindeli kiTxvis niSnis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtaciis

niSnebi.

187

a) orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali da

mZime. orwertili _ yavisferi melniT, zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli

rkali _ singuriT.

b) orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali, mZime

da am ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli

mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, orwertilis zeda

wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali da zeda mZime _ singuriT.

g) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT

abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda

mZime _ singuriT.

d) mZime, orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali

da mZime. mZime, orwertili da meore mZime _ yavisferi melniT, orwer-

tilis zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali _ singuriT.

e) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime,

orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali da kidev

erTi mZime. qveda mZime, orwertili da mesame mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda

mZime da orwertilis zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali _ singuriT.

v) wertili, kidev erTi wertili, orwertili, orwertilis qveda

wertilis marjvniv dasmuli wertili, mZime da patara horizontaluri

xazi. pirveli wertili, orwertilis qveda wertili, mZime da patara

horizontaluri xazi _ yavisferi melniT, meore wertili, orwertilis

zeda wertili, orwertilis qveda wertilis marjvniv dasmuli wertili

da mZime _ singuriT.

V. amJamindeli orwertilis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi:


b) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.

VI. specialuri niSani, romlis daxmarebiTac aRiniSneba traqtatSi

warmodgenili ornawiliani kiTxvebis TiToeuli nawilis dasawyisi.

a) sityvis pirveli ramdenime grafemis qvemoT singuriT gavlebuli

orkbiliani an samkbiliani ganivi xazi.

VII. specialuri niSnebi, romlis daxmarebiTac aRiniSneba iseTi

adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba, an daisvas, an ar daisvas mZime.

188


b) ori mZime. orive _ yavisferi melniT.

g) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

orive mZime _ yavisferi melniT.

d) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.

e) wertilmZime, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali.

wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis wertilisaTvis Semovle-

buli rkali _ singuriT.

v) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.

wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.

VIII. specialuri niSnebi, romlis daxmarebiTac teqstidan gamoiyofa

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani (?) sityvebi (mag.: `Ze RmrTisaÁ~,

`mxolodSobili Ze~, `sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ da a. S.).

a) sityvis zemoT dasmuli zeviT abrunebuli mZime, Sesrulebuli yavis-

feri melniT.

b) sityvis zemoT dasmuli ori zeviT abrunebuli mZime. pirveli mZime _

yavisferi melniT, meore mZime _ singuriT.

g) sityvis qvemoT dasmuli mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.

dasasrul, mogvyavs traqtatis teqsti, romelic aqamde

gamoqveynebuli iyo mxolod erTxel, 2002 wels, Cvens mier, saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis mier

gamocemuli krebulis _ ìstoriul-eTnografiuli Studiebi~ VII tomSi

(jojua 2003b: 65-99).

wvalebisa131 winam|ZRuarTa SeCu|eneb(a)Á |

arioz132, ucxo qmnuli | R(mrT)isag(a)n, mwvale|belTa winamZRu|ari,

sityuam(a)n mx|olod Sobilm(a)n, | r(om)l(i)sa igi daknine|bad borgda

131 sityvis pirveli grafema _ w didi zomis (3,3 X 14,8 sm.), mdidrulad ornamentirebul, mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. misi konturebi teqstSi CarTuli ramdenime sxva sazedao asos msgavsad, jer singuriT mouxazavT, Semdeg ki _ mqrqali agurisferi, wiTeli da cisferi saRebavebiT SeuferadebiaT. grafema Sesrulebulia 249v-s marcxena aSiaze, Txzulebis dasawyisSi gamoyvanili TavsarTisa da teqstis marcxena svetis pirveli eqvsi striqonis gaswvriv. amave sityvis momdevno rva grafema – valebisa, ise, rogorc traqtatis mTeli teqsti, nusxuriT aris naweri.

132 sityvis pirveli grafema – a mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi didi zomisaa (2,7 X 4,1 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 249v-s marcxena aSiaze, wina

189

bo|roti, g(a)nkueTa | da SeaCuena da | s(u)li misi bilwi || c(e)cxliTa

dasaja. |

evnomios133 mgmo|bari, v(iTarc)a ziari [mi]|si da borotad | mw<a>va-

lebeli134, | didm(a)n g(ri)g(o)li, Tav|m(a)n R(mrT)ismetyuele|bisam(a)n da

d(ide)b(u)lm(a)n135 | didm(a)n basili Sea|Cuenes usjul|oÁ da dawyeuli, |

samgzis sanatre|lTa.

cofm(a)n136 | nistor, uR(mr)To|m(a)n da savsem(a)n si|myraliTa, enaÁ |

TÂsi gesluvani 249v||250r aRlesa gmobad | y(ovla)dw(mid)isa da k(urT)x(eu)-

lisa | q(al)w(u)lisa m(a)r(ia)m R(mr)Tis|mSobelisa da di|disa kÂriles

m(ie)r Se|iCuena.

seve|ros137 dawyeuli, | mgmobari da saZageli da mteri ek|lesiaTaÁ,

r(ome)li | igi Sehrevda b(u)n(e)ba|Ta q(rist)esTa, fla|biane R(mer)TSe-

mosi|lm(a)n SeaCuena, | g(a)nkueTa da daw|yeva igi. wyeul | iyavn da

SeCuene||bul.

evtÂqi138, | saZageli139 da mÃdomi | eklesiaTaÁ da u|cxoÁ R(mrT)is(a)-

g(a)n da g(a)ndg|omili, qalkidonisa | krebam(a)n ÃmamaRla|d SeaCuena wyeu-

SeniSvnaSi daxasiaTebul sazedao asos – w da teqstis marcxena svetis IV-V stri-qonebs Soris. amave sityvis momdevno sami nusxuri grafema – rio svetidan marcxniv aris gasuli da mTlianad mTavruli sazedao asos – a marjvniv gaxsnil qveda rkalSia moqceuli.

133 sityvis pirveli grafema – e mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo zomisaa (2,2 X 2,0 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 249v-s marjvena svetis marcxniv, II-III striqonebis gaswvriv.

134 sityvis bolo cxra grafemis _ <a>vlebeli adgilas Tavdapirvelad raRac sxva teqsti unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli, romelic Ven.4-is gadamwers, nikoloz nikrais Tavadve amoufxekavs da mis nacvlad, sakuTari xeliT gamouyvania zemoxsenebuli cxra grafema.

135 sityvis Tanmxleb qaragmis niSansa da bolo or grafemaze – m(a)n, savaraudod, damdnari sanTlis wveTebi unda iyos daRvenTili.

136 sityvis pirveli grafema – c mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo zomisaa (2,9 X 1,6 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 249v-s marjvena svetis XIII striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom amave striqonis pirveli sami grafemis – lTa Semdeg dasmuli meore mZime sazedao asos – c qveda rkalSia moqceuli.

137 sityvis pirveli grafema – s mTavruli sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo zomisaa (1,4 X 1,3 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250r-s marjvena svetis VI striqonSi.

138 sityvis pirveli grafema – e mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo zomisaa (1,6 X 1,0 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250r-s marjvena svetis I striqonSi.

139 sityvis meeqvse grafema – e Camatebulia mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Camatebuli grafema ufro mcire zomisaa da Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan

190

li | da SeCuenebuli, r(ameTu) | Sehrevda b(u)n(e)b(a)Ta q(riste)s | R(mrT)i-

saTa usjuloe|biTa.

da140 menentos | dawyeuli, WurWe|li ukeTurisaÁ, | q(riste)s, mÃsne-

lisa C(ue)nisa, | W(eSmari)tsa m(a)s g(a)ng(e)bulebasa | s(a)R(mr)Tosa, saoc-

rad | hgmobda bilwi igi 250r||250v da porfiri141 di|disa m(ie)r SeiCuena. |

wyeul iyavn da | SeCuenebul mg|mobari piri misi | da s(u)li da y(ovel)Ta

mw|valebelTa da mi|mdgomTa misT(a)Á mis|Tana, a(me)n iy(a)vn. |

r(ome)li142 g(a)nhyofdes gu|amTa misTa, g(a)ni|kueTos igi su|fe-

visag(a)n143 misisa da | r(ome)li Sehrevdes | bunebaTa misTa, | warwymedil

ars | cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á misi. r(ome)li || uvarhyofdes, | v(iTarme)d ara W(eSma-

rita)d R(merT)i Sva | m(a)r(ia)m, numca uxil|avs d(ide)b(a)Á R(mr)Teebi|sa

misisaÁ da | r(ome)li uvarhyof|des, v(iTarme)d ara W(eSmarita)d Se|imosna

Ã(o)rcni, da|k{ue}Tebul ars igi | cx(o)r(e)bisag(a)n da m(a)cxu|varebisa

Ã(o)rc|Ta m(ie)r misTa mocemulisa.

TÂT144 | saqmeni aswave|ben jerovnad | g(a)nmrCevelTa, v(iTarme)d |

s(a)R(mr)Toni igi Zalni 250v||251r misni qadageben, | r(ameTu) W(eSmarita)|d

gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli grafemis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.

140 sityvis orive grafema mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli grafema – d saSualo zomisaa (1,1 X 1,3 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250r-s marjvena svetis XI striqonSi. meore grafema – a SedarebiT mcire zomisaa (0,5 X 0,5 sm.) da pirvelisagan gansxvavebiT, ZiriTadi teqstis yavisferi melniT aris gamoyvanili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli grafemis – d qveda rkalSi.

141 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad erTi (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romelic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 250v-ze qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 250r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

142 sityvis pirveli grafema – r mdidrulad ornamentirebul, mTavruli sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi didi zomisaa (6,4 X 14,9 sm.). misi konturebi jer singuriT mouxazavT, xolo Semdeg ki wiTeli da yviTeli saRebavebiT SeuferadebiaT. grafema Sesrulebulia 250v-s marcxena aSiaze, marcxena svetis VI-XVII striqonebis gaswvriv.

143 sityvis bolo ori grafema – g(a)n Camatebulia mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Camatebuli grafemebi ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli grafemebis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.

144 sityvis pirveli grafema – T mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo zomisaa (1,4 X 1,6 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250v-s marjvena svetis XIII striqonSi.

191

R(merT)i ars | da vnebani misni wa|meben, v(iTarme)d W(eSmarita)d k(a)c{i}

ars | da Ã(o)rcni misni asu|lis(a)g(a)n k(a)cisa arian. |

da ukuÀTu ara | s(rulia)d SeierTa k(a)cebaÁ | R(mr)Teebam(a)n,

uZlu|rTa g(o)n(e)b(i)Ta mieÃ|ados s(a)sj(e)li saxi|erebis(a)g(a)n m(a)misa

C(ue)ni|sa i(es)Â q(rist)esisa. |

oÂkuÀTu145 ara Ã|orci iyo, raÁsa|TÂs m(a)r(ia)m S(ori)s Semoy|vanebul

iqmna? || da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | g(a)b(rie)l vis xadoda: ù|fal~?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, bagasa S(in)a | vin miiwvineboda? | uk(uÀ)Tu

ara R(merT)i iyo, | ang(e)l(o)zni visda d(ide)b(a)d | gardamoÃdes? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ão|rc146 iyo, saxuvel|iTa vin Seixueoda? | da uk(uÀ)Tu

ara R(merT)i iyo, | mwyemsni vis w(inaS)e Tay|uanismcemelobdes? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | ioseb vis winadascÂ|Ta? da uk(uÀ)Tu [ara]

251r||251v R(merT)i iyo, varsku|lavi147 vissa wina | rbioda pativad148? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, m(a)r(ia)m vis sZe|sa149 awoebda? | da

uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, moguni vissa | ZRunis mrTume|lobdes?

uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, sÂmi|on wiaRTa TÂs|Ta vis iturTvida? | da

uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, vissa m(ima)rT | ityoda: `g(a)nmiteve | me

mSÂdobiT~?

145 sityvis dasawyisi 1570 wlis sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aris moqceuli. am adgilas, imave 1570 wels, kaligraf-restavrator vlase urbnels Savi feris melniT xuTi nusxuri grafema – oÂkuÀ aqvs aRdgenili. amaTgan, pirveli ori – mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens: o saSualo zomisaa (3,0 X 2,7sm.) da 251r-s marcxena aSiaze, marcxena svetis XIII-XV striqonebis gaswvriv aris Sesrulebuli; meore grafema _ Â ufro mcire zomisaa (0,8 X 1,5 sm.) da pirveli mTavruli garfemis _ o qveda rkalSia SewiaRebuli. momdevno sami grafema _ kuÀ nusxuriT aris gadmocemuli.

146 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romlebic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 251r-ze qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 251v-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

147 sityvis bolo grafema – i mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT aris Camatebuli. Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena.

148 sityvis pirveli grafema – p mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT aris Camatebuli. Sesrulebulia striqonis Sua xazSi, wina sityvis – rbioda Semdeg gamoyvanil or mZimes Soris.

149 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romlebic, furclis momcro, oTkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 251v-ze qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 251r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

192

uk||uÀTu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, ioseb vin wa|riyvana da ivlt|oda egÂbted?

da | uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iy|o, vis z(ed)a aResr|ulos: ègÂbtiT | uwodo

Zesa Ce|msa~?

uk(uÀ)Tu ar|a Ã(o)rc iyo, i(ova)ne | vis150 naTelsca? da uk(uÀ)Tu ara |

R(merT)i iyo, m(a)m(a)Á z(e)ciT vis|TÂs ityoda: èse a|rs Ze C(em)i

sayuare|li~?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, vin ima251v||252rrxvida da Sioda | udabnos? da

u|k(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | ang(e)l(o)zni vissa mo|vides da hmsax|urebdes?

uk(uÀ)T|u ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | vin miiwoda qor|wilsa kanas gali|leaÁssa?

da uk|uÀTu ara R(merT)i iy|o, vin wyali RÂn|od gardaaqcia? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, purni vi|sTa ÃelTa miece|modes? uk(uÀ)Tu

a||ra R(merT)i iyo, vin g(a)na|ZRna mciriTa puriTa | aTaseulni erni

u|dabnosa z(ed)a?

uku|eTu ara Ã(o)rc151 iyo152, | navsa S(in)a vin mZina|re iyo? da uk(uÀ)Tu

| ara R(merT)i iyo, qar|Ta da zRuasa vin | Sehrisxvida?

uk|uÀTu ara k(a)ci153 [iyo], Ã(o)rc154, | simon fariseveli | vis T(an)a

iserebda? | da uk{uÀ}Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | codvilisa dedak(a)cisa |

codvaTa vin miute|obda?

150 sityvis pirvel or grafemas – vi Soris Tavdapirvelad erTi ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romelic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 251v-ze qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 251r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

151 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad sami (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romlebic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 252r-ze qaRal-dis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 252v-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

152 sityva mTlianad mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis Sua xazSi, 252r-s marjvena svetis V striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Camatebuli sityvis grafemebi ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli sityvis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.

153 am sityvis adgilas Tavdapirvelad sami (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvani-li, romlebic furclis momcro, oTkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 252r-ze qaRal-dis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 252v-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila. mogvianebiT (?), zustad am adgilas vinme ucnob pirs (ara vlase urbnels!) Ria Savi feris melniT sami nusxuri grafema _ k(a)ci dauweria, oRond, imgvarad, rom axlad dawerili sityvisaTvis qaragmis niSnad, Tavdapirveli,

193

uk|(uÀ)Tu ara 252r||252v Ãorc iyo, mgzav|robiTa maSura|li jurRmulsa |

z(ed)a vin iTxovda | wyalsa? da uk|uÀTu ara R(merT)i i|yo, cxovelsa |

wyalsa samarite|lsa vin miscemda | da amxilebda?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, k(a)cisa samose|lsa vin Seimos|da? da

uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra R(merT)i iyo, visisa | samoslisag(a)n gam|ovidodes Zalni? ||

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, v(iTa)r hnerwyua | q(ue)y(a)nasa? da uk(uÀ)Tu

| ara R(merT)i iyo, TiÃi|sag(a)n v(iTa)r yo m(a)n aR|xilvaÁ T(ua)lTaÁ? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, saflavsa z(ed)a | lazaressa vin ti|roda?

da uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, oTx|isa dRisa mkudari | visiTa

brZ(a)nebiTa | gamovidoda?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, kicusa z(ed)a vin | mjdomare iyo? 252v||253r

da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, erni did(e)biT | vissa migebebad |

g(a)nvidodes?

uk|uÀTu ara Ã(o)rc iy|o, h(u)ri(a)Ta vin Sei|pyres? uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra

R(merT)i iyo, vin ubr|Zana miwasa da pir|sa z(ed)a dascna ig(i)ni? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, w(inaS)e samsjavr|oÁsa vin wardg|omil iyo?

da uk|uÀTu ara R(mer)T{i} iy|o, vin CuenebiT | aSinebda colsa ||

pilatessa?

uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, yuri|mliscemaTa vin Tavs | idebda?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara | R(merT)i iyo, p(e)tres m(ie)r mo|kueTilsa m(a)s yursa | vin

g(a)namrTelebda155 | da adgilsave TÂssa | k(uala)d agebda?

uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, vism(a)n | pirm(a)n Seiwynarna | nerwyuvani?

da u|k(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, s(u)li w(mida)Á pirebsa mociq(u)lTa|sa vin

STahbera? |

nikoloz nikraiseuli teqstidan SemorCenili klaknili xazi dautovebia. traqtatis es, mogvianebiT Sesrulebuli fragmenti winamdebare naSromSi, vlase urbnelis xeliT dawerili mravalricxovani adgilebis msgavsad, agreTve, damuqebis gareSe da marjvniv gadaxrili saxiT gvaqvs gamoyofili.

154 sityva mTlianad mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrule-bulia 252r-s marjvena svetis XI striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia, isic, rom Camatebuli grafe-mebi ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxva-vebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli grafemebis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.

155 sityvis bolos Tavdapirvelad orwertili yofila dasmuli, romelic, Tavad nikoloz nikrais marjvniv gadrekili vertikaluri xaziT gauerTianebia da am gziT, erTi didi zomis mZime miuRia.

194

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | vis g(a)nsZuarces sam[o]253r||253vseli da

g(a)niyves156 | mÃedarTa? da | uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, | vissa

j(ua)rcumasa | dabnelda mze?

u|kuÀTu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, j(uars)a z(ed)a vin | damokidebul iyo? |

da157 uk(uÀ)Tu ara158 R(merT)i iyo, vin159 Se|aryia q(ue)y(a)n(a)Á safu|Zve-

liT(u)rT?

u|k(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc i|yo, visni Ãelni | SeemsWualnes da | ferÃni

samsWu|liTa? da uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, taZ||risa kretsabmeli |

v(iTa)r g(a)nipeboda da160 | kldeni daizuleo|des?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, visi gu|erdi g(a)napo lax|uarm(a)n da

garda|moÃda sisxli da | wyali? da uku|eTu ara R(merT)i iyo, | visisa

Ãmisa sme|niTa SeZrwunda | j(o)j(o)x(e)Ti?

uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc161 iyo, | vissa162 pirsa miup|yres Zmari da

na|vReli? da ukuÀ253v||254rTu ara R(merT)i iyo, | Seyenebulni mku|darni

visiTa brZa|nebiTa gamovido|des?

156 sityvis bolos Tavdapirvelad orwertili da mZime unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili. odnav mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikrais, punqtuaciis niSanSi erTgvari cvlileba Seutania, orwertilis wertilebi marjvniv gadrekili vertikaluri xaziT gauerTianebia da am gziT, erTi didi zomis mZime miuRia.

157 sityvis orive grafema mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli grafema _ d didi zomisaa (5,4 X 10,9 sm.) misi konturebi jer wvrilwveriani kalmiTa da yavisferi melniT aris moxazuli, Semdgom ki – singuriT Seferadebuli. Sesrulebulia 253v-s marcxena aSiaze, marcxena svetis III-XI striqonebis gaswvriv. meore grafema – a, agreTve, didi zomisaa (3,6 X 4,2 sm.) da mTlianad yavisferi melniT aris Sesrulebuli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli grafemis – d qveda rkalSi.

158 sityvis pirveli ori grafema _ ar da mis win Sesrulebuli sityva _ uk(uÀ)Tu sve-tidan marcxniv aris gasuli da 253v-s marcxena aSiaze gamoyvanili mTavruli sazedao asos _ d qveda rkalSia Cawerili. amasTan, sityvis _ uk(uÀ)Tu pirveli sami grafema imavdroulad moqceulia meore mTavruli sazedao asos _ a marjvniv gaxsnil mucelSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, agreTve, mTavruli grafemis _ d qveda rkalSia Sesrulebuli.

159 amave sityvis meore grafema – i mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis qveda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Camatebuli grafema ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri.

160 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad dasmuli iyo orwertili, romlis zeda wertilidanac Ta-vad nikoloz nikrais marcxniv gadrekili, vertikaluri xazi àusrolia~ da am gziT, zeviT abrunebuli mZime miuRia. rac Seexeba orwertilis qveda wertils, masze kaligrafs sityvis pirveli nusxuri grafemis – d qveda rkali gadautarebia.

161 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, rom-lebic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 253v-ze qaRaldis

195

uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra Ã(o)rc iyo, vin | Ãmobda: `R(merT)o, R(merT)o | C(e)mo,

r(a)ÁsaTÂs da|miteve~? da uk{uÀ}Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, ~m(a)m(a)o, | Seundve

amaT~, _ | vin aRmoTqua? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, j(uars)a z(ed)a, ava|zakTa T(an)a, vin |

damokidebul iyo? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i || iyo, avazaksa j(uars)a

z(ed)a | v(iTa)r etyoda: `dRes Ce|m Tana iyo samoTxe|sa S(in)a~?

uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, i(o)s(e)b da nik|odemos vin SezuZ|rnes da

dahfles? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, vin ars, r(ome)li | aRdga

mesamesa dResa? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc163 | iyo, m(o)c(i)q(u)lTa qorsa | z(ed)a vin ixiles da

g(a)ni|xiles? da uk{uÀ}Tu a|ra R(merT)i iyo, v(iTa)r kar|Ta ÃSulTa Sevi|da?

ukuÀTu ara 254r||254v Ã(o)rc iyo, visTa | samsWualTa wy|lulebani gamo|iZi-

na Toma? da | uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | vin Tqua sity(u)aÁ ese, | v(iTarme)d:

`mixile me da gr|wams, net(a)r iyvnen, | r(omel)Ta ara uxila|v da vhrwmene~? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rci | iyo, tbasa z(ed)a tibe|riisasa vin Wama? | da

uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, visiTa brZa|nebiTa aRivsnes | badeni?

uk(uÀ)Tu a||ra Ã(o)rc iyo, ang(e)l(o)z|Ta da m(o)c(i)q(u)lTa visi |

ixiles am(a)Rleb(a)Á? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, cam(a)n da

q(ue)y(a)na|m(a)n vis T(a)y(ua)nis sces? |

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rci | iyo, naw{i}l sadme | iyo cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á C(ue)ni? |

a(rame)d164 W(eSmari)t (a)rs, r(ome)lsa aRviare|bT, v(iTarme)d Ze

R(mrTisa)Á Ze k(a)cis | iqmna, asulis(a)g(a)n k(a)cisa, | Ã(o)rciTa, r(ome)l

misg(a)n Seimo|sna da ese ars q(rist)e, mx|ol{o}dSobili Ze da si|ty(ua)Á

R(mrTisa)Á, r(om)lis(a)Á ars | d(ide)b(a)Á, s(u)f(e)v(a)Á da simtkice, | aw da

uk(uniT)i uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n.

zedapiri iseT Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 253r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.

162 sityvis pirveli grafema – v gamosulia 253v-s marjvena svetis marcxena kididan. 163 am sityvasa da mis win Sesrulebul sityvas _ ara Soris Tavdapirvelad grafema _ i yofila gamoyvanili. igi odnav mogvianebiT imave nikoloz nikrais mier aris gadaxazuli.

164 sityvis orive grafema – a(rame)d mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli gra-fema – a saSualo zomisaa (2,3 X 3,4 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 254v-s marjvena svetis marcxniv, IX-XI striqonebs gaswvriv. meore grafema – d SedarebiT mci-re zomisaa (0,9 X 0,9 sm.) da mTlianad yavisferi melniT aris gamoyvanili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli grafemis – a qveda rkalSi. grafemebs Soris, striqonis zeda xazSi, agreTve, yavisferi melniT aris dasmuli sakmaod didi zomis qaragmis niSani.

196

d a s k v n a

winamdebare naSromSi istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT

aris Seswavlili venis erovnuli biblioTekis qarTuli xelnaweri wigne-

bis koleqciaSi me-4 nomriT daculi krebuli, ufro zustad ki, am kre-

bulSi Setanili erT-erTi Txzuleba da xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebu-

li ocamde anderZ-minaweris teqsti.

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebi, pirobiTad, or jgufad iyofa.

aqedan, daskvnebis pirveli jgufi garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-mi-

nawerebis arqeografiul-kodikologiuri Seswavlis Sedegebs moicavs. aq

Ven.4-is xsenebul Txzulebasa da kolofonebze dayrdnobiT, axleburad

aris warmoCenili garejis qvabovani savaneebis, ierusalimis qarTuli ko-

loniisa da zogadad, saqarTvelos istoriis araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiT-

xi; gamoTqmulia ramdenime axali mosazreba uSualod xelnawerTan da mis

istorisTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

daskvnebis meore jgufSi Tavmoyrilia garejuli krebulis xsenebuli

Txzulebisa da xelnaweris anderZ-minawerebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneo-

biTi Seswavlis Sedegad mopovebuli istoriuli faqtebi.

Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT miRebuli ZiriTadi daskvnebis CamonaT-

vals, xolo Semdgom odnav ufro vrclad SevexebiT maT.

I. anderZ-minawerebis arqeografiul-kodikologiuri Seswavlis Ziri-

Tadi Sedegebi:

I.1. kvlevis Sedegad axleburad iqna gadaWrili Ven.4-is, rogorc

xelnaweri krebulis, tipologiuri identifikaciis problema;

I.2. gamovlinda garejuli krebulis gadamweris mier gadanusxuli

kidev erTi xelnaweri;

I.3. dazustda Ven.4-is wmida miwaze moxvedrisa da misi ierusalimis

jvris monastridan gatanis qronologia;

I.4. gairkva mRvdelmonazon besarion qiotiSvilis mier garejul

krebulze Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis xasiaTi.

197

II. xelnaweris anderZ-minawerebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ses-

wavlis ZiriTadi Sedegebi:

II.1. dazustda saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi;

II.2. gairkva garejeli moweseebis damokidebuleba monofiziti somexi

momlocvelebisadmi;

II.3. dadginda moqvis ucnobi episkoposis luka oZrxelis biografia;

II.4. gamovlinda moqvis ucnobi mTavarepiskoposis ambrias saxeli;

II.5. dadginda ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris ioseb xuntus-

Zis biografia;

II.6. gairkva ucnobi artanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis

momlocvelobis faqti wmida miwaze;

II.7. dadginda afxazeTis dasavleT saqarTvelos ucnobi kaTolikosis

barTlomes biografia;

II.8. dadginda Tbileli mTavarepiskoposis barnaba favlenisSvilis

biografia;

II.9. dadginda urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase saakasZis biografia;

II.10. aRdgenil iqna afxazeTis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis biWvin-

Tidan xobis monasterSi gadatanis procesi;

II.11. dazustda dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikosis ilarionis

zeobis qronologia;

II.12. dadginda imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is asulisa da odiSis

mTavris levan IV-is Tanamecxedris, gelaTeli monazonis TinaTin-yofili

nino bagrationis biografia;

II.13. gairkva guruli monazonis febronia xevariZis wmida miwaze

momlocvelobis faqti;

II.14. dadginda wmida miwasa da aTonis mTaze moRvawe mRvdelmona-

zonis besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvilis biografia.

axla ufro vrclad ganvixiloT aRniSnuli daskvnebi. daviwyoT

pirveli jgufis ramdenime ZiriTadi daskvniT, romlebic, rogorc iTqva,

saSualebas gvaZlevs, axleburad warmovaCinoT uSualod garejul kre-

bulTan da mis istoriasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani

sakiTxebi.

198

1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom Ven.4 warmoad-

genda mravalTavis tipis krebuls. mogvianebiT, aRniSnuli mosazreba

ukritikod gaiziares vaxtang imnaiSvilma da darejan kldiaSvilma.

winamdebare naSromSi grigol feraZis mosazrebis sapirispirod, dasabu-

Tebuli gvaqvs, rom garejuli krebuli warmoadgens ara liturgikuli

daniSnulebis mqone mravalTavs, sadac hagiografiuli da homiletikuri

sakiTxavebi kalendruli wesis dacviT aris dalagebuli, aramed arali-

turgikuli xasiaTis krebuls, romelic Sedgeba yovelgvari kalendruli

wesis gareSe dalagebuli hagiografiuli, homiletikuri, apokrifuli,

egzegetikuri, dogmatikur-polemikuri, bibliur-himnografiuli da

istoriul-qronografiuli Txzulebebisagan. aRniSnul daskvnas sakmaod

didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli xelnaweri krebulebiT dainteresebuli

mkvlevrebisaTvis, romlebic Ven.4-s aqamde mravalTavis tipis xelnawerad

miiCnevdnen da krebulebis srulebiT sxva jgufSi ganixilavdnen.

qarTul istoriografiaSi bolo dromde miRebuli iyo mosazreba,

rom Ven.-is gadamwers, mxatvar-kaligraf nikoloz nikrais gadanusxuli

hqonda mxolod erTi xelnaweri. winamdebare naSromSi dadgenili gvaqvs,

rom nikoloz nikrais garejuli krebulis garda, gadawerili hqonda

meore xelnaweric _ TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi wm.

ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~, igive H-1669. amrigad, Ven.4-isa da H-1669-is sa-

xiT, xelT gvaqvs garejis samonastro skriptoriumidan gamosuli ara

erTi, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli, aramed ori uZvelesi xelnaweri

wigni, romelTa Sedgenilobasa Tu calkeul teqstebze dakvirvebas SeuZ-

lia, sakmaod naTeli warmodgena Segviqmnas iseTi bundovani sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb, rogoricaa XII saukunis garejeli mamebis samonastro yofa da

adgilobriv monastrebSi mimdinare samwignobre procesebi.

1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom garejuli

krebuli 1570 wlisaTvis ukve gadatanili iyo wmida miwaze. misive

dakvirvebiT, xelnaweri ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi inaxeboda

ierusalimis jvris monasterSi, saidanac is 1864-1883 wlebSi gaitanes.

winamdebare naSromSi Cven dazustebuli gvaqvs grigol feraZis

aRniSnuli mosazrebebi. kerZod ki, dadgenili gvaqvs, rom Ven.4 wmida

miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, sul

199

mcire, 1363 wlamde mainc. garda amisa, garkveuli gvaqvs isic, rom

garejuli krebuli ierusalimis jvris monastridan gatanili iyo ara

1864-1883 wlebSi, aramed 1845-1883 wlebSi. aRniSnul daskvnebs didi mniS-

vneloba aqvs aramxolod Ven.4-is, aramed zogadad saqarTvelosa da wmida

miwis urTierTobebis istoriisaTvisac. marTlac, am daskvnebidan naTlad

Cans, rom garejuli krebulis aSiebze 1363-1845/1883 wlebSi Sesrulebuli

uklebliv yvela kolofonis damweri piradad imyofeboda wmida miwaze.

1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva zogadi xasiaTis mosazreba, rom

1864 wels Ven.4 safuZvlianad ganaaxla mRvdelmonazonma besarion qio-

tiSvilma. aRniSnuli mosazrebis sapirispirod, winamdebare naSromSi

dadgenili gvaqvs, rom mRvdelmonazonma besarion qiotiSvilma garejuli

krebuli ganaaxla ara 1864 wels, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, 1813-1814

wlebSi. garda amisa, grigol feraZisagan gansxvavebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad

dakonkretebuli gvaqvs besarion qiotiSvilis mier Catarebuli sarestav-

racio samuSaoebis ZiriTad etapebic: danestianebuli xelnaweris daSla;

furclebis gaSroba-gamzeureba; Wiisagan daxrul-daCvretili furclis

kideebis sarestavracio qaRaldiT gamagreba; furclebis gadaTvla; dabo-

los, xelnaweris akinZva. aRniSnul daskvnebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs besari-

on qiotiSvilis mier aramxolod Ven.4-ze, aramed wmida miwis sxva qarTul

xelnawerebze Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis xasiaTis dasadgenad,

romlis Sesaxebac aqamde, praqtikulad, araferi iyo cnobili.

gadavideT Cvens mier miRebuli daskvnebis meore jgufze, sadac Ven.4-

is erT-erT Txzulebasa da mis anderZ-minawerebze dayrdnobiT, rogorc

ukve mivuTiTebdiT, warmodgenilia mTeli rigi axali mosazrebebi wmida

miwis qarTuli koloniisa da zogadad, saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. movitanT ramdenime ZiriTad daskvnas.

1913 wels ivane javaxiSvilma XII-XIV saukuneebis xuT werilobiT

Zeglze dayrdnobiT, gamoTqva mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos mefis giorgi

III-is aRsaydrebas adgili hqonda 1156 wels. mogvianebiT qarTulma

istoriografiam srulad gaiziara es mosazreba. winamdebare naSromSi

ivane javaxiSvilis mier gamoyenebul xuTi werilobiT wyaros garda,

damatebiT movixmeT XII saukunis ori sxva Zegli, maT Soris, garejuli

krebulis anderZi da am Svidi werilobiTi wyaros kritikuli analizis

200

safuZvelze, davadgineT, rom giorgi III saqarTvelos samefo taxtze

avida ara 1156 wels, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli, aramed _ 1157 wels.

miRebul daskvnas didi mniSvneloba aqvs aramxolod giorgi III-is, aramed

misi mamis, demetre I-isa da Zmis, daviT V-is mefobis qronologiasTan

dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi bundovani sakiTxebis garkvevisaTvis.

winamdebare naSromSi erT-erTi umTavresi adgili uWiravs XIV-XIX

saukuneebSi saqarTvelosa da wmida miwaze moRvawe istoriuli pirebis

biografiuli portretebis rekonstruqcias. aRniSnuli biografiuli

portretebi, ZiriTadad, damyarebulia garejuli krebulis minawerebze,

Tumca calkeuli detalebis dadgenisa da dazustebis mizniT, damatebiT

gamoyenebulia sxva mravalferovani saistorio masalac: istoriuli

dokumentebi, epigrafikuli Zeglebi, xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebi da sxv.

istoriul pirTa Cvens mier rekonstruirebuli biografiuli

portretebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, samecniero sazogadoebas warmovudgi-

noT aqamde ucnobi an naklebad cnobili istoriuli pirebi: moqvis

ucnobi episkoposi luka oZrxeli (XIV s.); ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris

moZRvari ioseb xuntusZe (XV s.); ucnobi artanujeli piligrimi giorgi

lomas-Ze (XV s.); afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosi barTlome (XV-XVI ss.);

Tbileli mTavarepiskoposi barnaba favlenisSvili (XVI s.); urbneli

mTavarepiskoposi vlase saakasZe (XVI s.); imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is

asuli da odiSis mTavris levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedre, gelaTeli

monazoni TinaTin-yofili nino (XVII-XVIII ss.); ierusalimsa da aTonis

mTaze moRvawe mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvili

(XVIII-XIX ss.) da sxv.

aq CamoTvlili TiToeuli piris biografia saSualebas iZleva,

aramxolod Tvali gavadevnoT ama Tu im piris cxovreba-moRvaweobis

calkeul etapebs, aramed konkretuli biografiuli portretis daxmare-

biT, garkveuli warmodgena SeviqmnaT Sesabamis qronologiur monakveTsa

Tu geografiul sivrceSi mimdinare sxvadasxva istoriul procesebzec.

magaliTisaTvis aviRoT afxazeTis kaTolikosi barTlome.

am ukanasknelTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli masalis Seswavla

aCvenebs, rom barTlome moRvaweobda XV saukunis II naxevarsa da XVI

saukunis I mexuTedSi. Cvens mier moZiebuli XV saukunis istoriuli

201

dokumentebidan irkveva, rom barTlome daaxloebiT 1484-1488 wlebSi

caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda, 1488 wlisaTvis ki dasavleT

saqarTvelos saeklesio ierarqiaSi kidev ufro maRal Tanamdebobas,

quTaisis mTavarepiskoposobas flobda. amis Semdeg barTlomes saxeli

mxolod garejuli krebulis minawerSi gvxvdeba, saidanac vigebT, rom

man saeklesio ierarqiaSi aRmasvla ganagrZo da daaxloebiT 1488-1519

wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis, afxazeTis

kaTolikosis saydaric daikava. daaxloebiT amave 1488-1519 wlebSi

kaTolikosma barTlomem wmida miwaze imogzaura da ierusalimis erT-erT

qarTul savaneSi daculi Ven.4-is aSiaze sakuTari xeliT Seasrula

savedrebeli minaweris teqsti.

rogorc vxedavT, Cvens mier rekonstruirebuli biografiuli

portreti marTlac sainteresod warmogvidgens XV-XVI saukuneebis erT-

erTi qarTveli sasuliero ierarqis cxovreba-moRvaweobis ZiriTad

etapebs. xolo Tu aqve imasac gavixsenebT, rom qarTuli istoriografia

aqamde saerTod ar icnobda arc barTlomes kaTolikosobis faqts da

arc misi wmida miwaze momlocvelobis ambavs, maSin kidev ufro naTeli

gaxdeba, Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba aqvs kaTolikosi barTlomesa da

garejuli krebulis sxva kolofonebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiT

Seswavlas aramxolod ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis, aramed zogadad,

saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis.

dasasrul, kidev erTxel vubrundebiT Cvens mier rekonstruirebul

istoriul pirTa portretebs da mokled aRvniSnavT, rom TiToeuli am

rekonstruqciis farglebSi samecniero sazogadoebas vTavazobT mTel

rig axal daskvnebsa da mosazrebebs XIV-XIX saukuneebis saqarTvelos

istoriis iseT konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa: cixe-

qalaqi oZrxis mosaxleobis momlocveloba vanis qvabebis monasterSi (1);

oZrxeSi aRzrdili sasuliero piris, luka oZrxelis mier saepiskoposo

kaTedris dakaveba moqvSi (2); luka moqvelis piligrimuli mogzauroba

wmida miwaze da aq daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis moxilva (3); moqvis

kidev erTi ucnobi episkoposis ambrias minaweri moqvis oTxTavis

aSiebidan (4); ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris ioseb xuntusZis

ojaxis wevrTa vinaoba da misi samwignobre saqmianoba (5); àrtanujelis~

202

sapatio titulis mniSvneloba X-XI saukuneebsa da XIV saukuneSi (6);

cixe-qalaq artanujis qarTuli qristianuli Temi da aq mosaxle

calkeuli gvarebi (7); artanujSi mcxovrebi giorgi lomas-Zis

momlocveloba wmida miwaze da aqauri qarTuli xelnawerebis gacnoba

(8); lixTimerTSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi da maTi gavlena

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaze (9); afxazeTis sakaTolikoso

rezidenciis gadatanis procesi biWvinTis kaTedridan jer xobis, xolo

Semdeg gelaTis monasterSi (10); afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosis

ilarionis moRvaweoba (11); imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is asulis TinaTin

bagrationis odiSis mTavar levan IV dadianze qorwinebis TariRi (12) da

maTi ojaxis wevrTa vinaoba (13); levan IV dadianis gardacvaleba da

TinaTin bagrationis ninos saxeliT Semonazvneba gelaTis monasterSi

(14); TinaTin-yofili nino bagrationis gaparva raWaSi myof qarTlis mefe

vaxtang VI-sTan da masTan erTad, ruseTs gamgzavreba (15); TinaTin-yofili

ninos Tanamosagris, guruli monazonis febronia xevariZis

momlocveloba wmida miwaze (16) da sxv.

Mmopovebuli faqtebi mniSvnelovani detalebiT avsebs saqarTvelos

istoriis narativs. vinaidan swored amgvari detalebi aniWebs warsulis

reprezentacias gansakuTrebul cxovelmyofelobas. gamovTqvamT imeds,

rom Cvens mier winamdebare naSromSi miRebuli rogorc pirveli, ise

meore jgufis daskvnebi saintereso da anggariSgasawevi iqneba samecniero

sazogadoebisaTvis.

203

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