7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 1/40
DIAREEA CRONICADIAREEA CRONICA
Ciora CosminCiora CosminInstitutul de Boli Digestive si Transplant
HepaticFundeni
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 2/40
GENERALITATI
Defnitie – prezenta a peste 3 scaune de consistentascazuta in 24 de ore, cu durata
de peste 4 saptamani
BILANT 2!!! in"estie # sa$i%a &'!! # "astric 2'!!# (i$iar '!! # pancreatic &'!! #intestin su(tire &!!! ) 9000 ml !" #
a(sortie* +!!! intestin su(tire # +'!intestin "ros # &'! scaun ) 9000 ml !" #
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 3/40
EIDE-I.L.GIE – $a copi$ 32!/
' / tari$e dez%o$tate tari$e su(dez%o$tate au mu$tadiaree acuta inc$usi% morta$itate precoce din aceastacauza
0LA1II0ARE1ecretorie
.smotica
-a$a(sor(ti%a
Inamatorie Tu$(urari de moti$itate
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 4/40
%pirala sindromuluidiareic
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 5/40
Diareea osmotica
• Clinic & NB normali'area scaunului la stop
alimentatie .smo$aritatea scaunu$ui 55 osmo$aritatea p$asmei
6prapastie osmotica7
• Cau'e e(ogene• &8 La9ati%e – EG, $actu$oza• 28 Antiacide cu -".:2• 38 A$imente -anito$, 1or(ito$, ;i$ito$ 6 c<e=in" "um 7• 48 -edicamente – co$c<icina, co$estiramina
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 6/40
Diareea osmotica
Cau'e endogene A Congenitale
'8 Defcit de diza<aridaze con"enita$ * $actaza ,za<araza
Lactaza ) cea mai >rec%enta* $actoza ramanenedi"erata intra$umina$ )5 cresc c.sm ?in co$ondes>acuta de ora >erment )5 Ac "rasi $ant scurt
@8 Insufcienta pancreatica 6f(roza c<istica7
B Do(andite 8 Defcit de diza<aridaze do(anditpostenteric +8 pur"ati%e osmotice -" 1o4, -" 6.:72
8 Insu> pancreatica, (oa$a ce$iaca, sdr po$uare
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 7/40
• -a$a(sortia, secretia acti%a, ma$a(sortia si secretiaacti%a a e$ectro$iti$or dinCin $umen e9ces de uid in-8
• 0LINI0 diaree apoasa 5 &!!! m$ C 24 < osmo$aritatea scaun ) osmo$aritateap$asmei
scaunu$ N) se modifca $a re"im sau post scaunu$ N contine produse pato"ene6 san"e, puroi, mucus, materii nedi"erate 7
• ANAT.-.AT.L.GIE )N modifcari <istopato$o"ice
doar edem
Diarea secretorie
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 8/40
Diareea secretorie
•
0AE E;.GENE
• &8 La9ati%e – >eno$>ta$eina, a$oe, senna• 28 -edicamente – diuretice 6>urosemid7, teof$ina, <
tiroidieni a"enti co$iner"ici 6"$aucom7, IE0, in<i(itori :2,I, sa$ici$ati, saruri de aur• 38 A"enti to9ici – meta$e, insecticide, ceai, ca>ea, co$a,
etano$• 48 To9ine (acteriene – staf$ococus aureus, c$ostridium
per>rin"ens
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 9/40
Diareea secretorie
•
0AE END.GENE
• '8 0on"enita$e – (oa$a inc$uzii$or %o$izitare• @8 Enteroto9ine (acteriene* tipic Fi(rion :o$eric 6prin
enteroto9ina B se $ea"a de m( apica$a si crestepermea(i$it 7, E8 0o$$i to9i"enic,• 8 La9ati%e endo"ene Ac (i$iari primari 6 co$ic,
c<enodeo9ico$ic 7, secundari 6 deo9ico$ic7 ) e>ectcatartic, <idro9iacizi "rasi 6 $a ma$a(s AG in i$eon
termina$ ora ii trans>orma in <idro9iac "rasi 7 +8 Tumori endocrine secretante peptide 6 FI sdr
<o$erei pancreatice 7 , <ormoni 6 ca$citonina,serotonina 7 G 6 cresc secr, scad a(s, cresc moti$it 7,adenomu$ %i$os
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 10/40
Diareea mala*sortiva
+steatoreea,0auze• -a$di"estie intra$umina$a
•
-a$a(sor(tie mucosa$a• .(structie postmucosa$atransport
• 0auze mi9te
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 11/40
Diareea in-amatorie
• C.INIC & DA produse patologice + mucus/ puroi/sange ,
• Este determinata de mala*sortie si crestereasecretiei de apa si electroliti
Etiologie B0R, R0:
0o$ita microscopica, medicamentoase 6saruri deA7
Enterita cu eozinof$e, a$er"ii a$imentare 6(ce$iaca7
In>ectii parazitare, %ira$e, (acteriene Entero atii$e rin ierdere de roteine
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 12/40
Diareea prin tu$(urari de
moti$itateETIO.O1IE
1caderea moti$itatii prin tu$(urari de iner%atie
6 D, rezectii %a"a$e 7o$uare (acteriana, inamatia mucoasei
0resterea moti$itatii 6 tireoto9icoza, carcinoid 7)5 scadere timp de contact
Go$ire rapida a co$on in intest irita(i$
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 13/40
0LINI0A
• E9amen o(iecti% apreciaza se%eritatea sdr diareic,apreciaza defcite$e <idroe$ectro$itice si nutritiona$e si>ace consideratii etio$o"ice
• Te"umente – <iperpi"mentare, rus< cutanat,us<in", eritem nodos, artrite, u$ceratii (uca$e
• Adenopatii Tumori osoase, desmoide ) po$ipoza co$onica,
A(domen distensie, mase T, ascita, <epatome"a$ie Leziuni anorecta$e * B cro<n 6TR o($i"atoriu7
A$te 6 tiroida nodu$i tiroidieni, etc 7
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 14/40
0LINI0A•
1I-T.-AT.L.GIE1indron copro$o"ic* numaru$ si cantitatea scunu$ui nr cresc ) $eziuni I1, nr scazut ) $eziuni co$on aspectu$ scaunu$ui 6pastos, semipastos,prod pato$o"ice
61ANGE7 "rasimi, resturi a$imentare7-omente si conditii asociate ziua 6>unctiona$7 ,
a$imentatie 6defcit enzimatic7, emotii 6intestin irita(i$7enomene di"esti%e asociate dureri a(domina$e
6or"anic7, scadere pondera$a
Tenesme recta$e 6T rect7, "reata 6(acterii7, distensiea(domina$a 6enteropatie "$uten7, incontinenta
enomene "enera$e >e(ra 6 inamatie 7, scaderepondera$a
actori a"ra%anti, ame$iorare, cauza iatro"eneactori e idemio$o ici ca$atorii
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 15/40
ARA0LINI0
&8 Teste de screenin"
:LG comp$eta anemie, $eucocitoza, eozinof$ie Bioc<imie de screenin" status <idroe$ectro$itic si
nutritiona$, <ipo sau disproteinemie, a>ectare<epatica, rena$a
28 Teste terapeutice tratament initia$, cazuri$e >aradia"nostic, ce$e >ara raspuns $a terapia specifca
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 16/40
ARA0LINI0
38 Teste de confrmare a dia"nosticu$ui
• Ana$iza scaunu$ui determinarea osmo$aritatii scaunu$ui,a "reutatii scaunu$ui, teste de <emora"ii ocu$te,$eucocite >eca$e, e9amen coproparazito$o"ic,coprocu$turi, determinarea de "rasimi >eca$e in scaun,screenin" ptr $a9ati%e
• Teste san"%ine FI, "astrina, T1:, ca$citonina, "$uca"on,ac anti "$iadina, endomisium, reticu$ari, <ap$otip :LA, ,
AN0A, A10A, Ac anti :IF, AutoAc#co$a"enze• Teste urina* ' :IA 6t neuroendocrine7, metane>rina
6>eocromocitom7, <istamina6mastocitoza7
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 17/40
ARA0LINI0
38 Teste de confrmare a dia"nosticu$ui• Teste >unctiona$e* test $a D 9i$oza, test 1c<i$$in",
ma$a(s $actoza, sdr de po$uare (acteriana, deapreciere a >unctiei e9ocrine pancreatice• Teste de determinare a a(uzu$ui de $a9ati%e 48 E9amene radio$o"ice cu su(stanta de contrast
6B0R, di%erticu$oza, T, fstu$e7, arterio"rafa6isc<emie7, 0T, IR-
'8 E9amene endoscopice ED1, EDI, enteroscopie6(iopsie7 %ideocapsu$a
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 18/40
Diaree or"anicaC>unctiona$a
unctiona$a*durata $un"a, a(senta scaderii pondera$e semnifcati%e
6'H"7,a(senta diareei nocturne, ame$iorarea dupa de>ecatie
.r"anica*
durata scurta su( 3 $uni, diaree nocturna, de(ut re$ati%(ruta$,scadere pondera$a importanta, F1: crescut, anemie,<ipoa$(uminemie, %o$um >eca$ peste 4!!m$C24 ore
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 19/40
Diareea de cauza neprecizata
&C3 din diarei$e cronice se d" pe (aza istoricu$ui,anamnezei, e9 o(iecti% si teste$or initia$e
&C3 se d" pe (aza teste$or specifce
&C3 diaree de cauza neprecizata0auze >rec%ente* uti$izare de $a9ati%e, BII, co$ita
microscopica, co$a"enica, incontinenta de materii>eca$e, 1II, a$er"ii a$imentare, sdr de po$uare
(acteriana
2!/ au a(uz de $a9ati%e
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 20/40
0o$ita microscopica
Diaree apoasa >ara san"e
0o$on norma$ radio$o"ic si endoscopic
3 >orme* $im>ocitara 6LIE7, co$a"ena , mi9ta
Dia"nostic (iopsia de co$on '/ din si"moid
Tratament simptomatic, corticoterapie, AA, c<irur"ie
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 21/40
-ALADIA LA;ATIFEL.R
DEINITIE in"estie masi%a pre$un"ita de $a9ati%e
nerecunoscutaETI.L.GIE
Teren >emei, pro>esii paramedica$e, tu$(urari psi<ice
ANAT.-IE AT.L.GI0A
in"rosari de perete, ster"ere p$iuri in uru$ %a$%u$ei I0atrofe mucoasa, inamatie , sc$ero$ipomatoza seroasa
me$anoza co$ica Antrac<inone a(sor(ite <istiocitein corion cu $ipo>uscina si me$anina
0LINI0A diaree, anore9ie,denutritie,tu$(8cardiace, rena$e
LAB.RAT.R radio$o"ie, endoscopie, e$ectro$iti,e%identierea $a9ati%u$ui
TERAIE oprire $a9ati%, tratamentu$ a>ectiunii psi<ice
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 22/40
rincipii terapeutice
• NB ) 0AA• REGI- 6 Nu in cea secretorie 7
0orectia defcite$or nutritiona$e
A8 Diareea ($andamoderata 1u(sa$ici$at de (ismut 6AI, (actericid7 .pioide ) $operamida, codeina, morfna 6me"aco$on
to9ic, dependenta, deprima respiratia7 Ar"i$e ) 1-E0TA
A"enti <idrof$ici 6 sJ$$um, -et<i$ce$u$$oza 7 6di$ueaza sie$imina (acterii$e, enteroto9ine$e7
Antico$iner"ice ) sco(uti$ 6me"aco$on to9ic, depresia 1N07 1i$icati Hao$in 6$ea"a to9ine$e7
0o$estiramina c<e$ator acizi (i$iari 6medicamente,%itamine7
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 23/40
rincipii terapeutice
B8 Diareea moderat se%era.ctreotid0$onidinaenotiazine0a B$ocantiAntiserotoniner"ici
Indometacin0orticosteroizi
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 24/40
Diareea moderat severa
0arcinoid, FIom,a$te tumorineuroendocrine
Diaree secretorieine9p$ic
.caziona$ in sindr deintest scurt
Diaree dia(etica,diareea $a se%raopioid,diaree secr decauza neprecizata
FIoame, a$tetumorineuroendocrine,
Tumorineuroendocrine
1upresia secr pancreatice6steatoree7Intarzie "o$irea %ezica$a
6$itiaza7
1upresia secr insu$inice6<iper"$icemie7
:ipotensiune ortostatica,depresie,
:TA re(ound,
:ipotensiune postura$a,depresie, DisHinezietardi%a
:ipotensiune ortostatica,e>ecte cardiace
1upresia secr ce$u$areneuro<ormona$eE>ect antisecr usor
A>ect moti$itatea 6scadeperista$tica, di$atatie7
A"onist a$>a adrener"ic,usor e>ect antisecr8,a>ecteaza moti$itatea
sor antisecretor, a>ectmoti$itatea
E>ect antisecr s$a(,
a>ecteaza moti$itatea
Octreotide
Clonidina
Fenotia'ine
Blocante alecanalelor de Ca
IndicatiiE2ecte adverse3ecanism3edicament
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 25/40
1indr o$$in"erE$$ison
-astocitoza
sistemica
-astocitozasistemica
0arcinom medu$ar
tiroidian, adenom%i$os, enteropatieAID1,tumorineuroendocrine
Bo$i intestina$einamatorii
Ence>a$opatie,to9icitatemedu$ara, e>ecte
antiandro"enice6cimetidina7
1omno$enta
To9icitatemedu$ara
DisHinezie tardi%a
$cere "astrice siintestina$e, etc
1indr 0us<in"iatro"en
1cad secretia "astrica
1cade secretia intestina$a
1cade secretia intetsina$a
A>ecteaza moti$itatea
1cade us<in"
In<i(a sintezaprosta"$andinica si secretia,usor e>ect proa(sor(ti%
Antiinamator, proa(sor(ti%
In#i*itorii
AT4&a'iei H 5 si
Antagonistii H!
Antagonisti H6
Antagonistiserotoninici
3etilsergide/ 5etanserin
Indometacin
1lucocorticoi'i
IndicatiiE2ecteadverse
3ecanism3edicament
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 27/40
CON%TI4ATIA CRONICACON%TI4ATIA CRONICA
Ciora CosminCiora CosminInstitutul de Boli Digestive si Transplant
HepaticFundeni
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 28/40
Defnitie
Incetinirea tranzitu$ui intestina$, difcu$tKi $a de>ecaie8-ai putin de 3Csapt mai mu$t de 3 $uni
%u*iectiv
•
e%acuare incomp$etK• e>ort $a de>ecaie
• durere a(domina$K Mn timpu$ scaunu$ui
O*iectiv
• numKr scKzut de scaune 6 3CsKpt87
• - cu coninut scKzut de apK
• durata de>ecaiei 5 cu 2'/
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 29/40
Epidemiologie
>rec%8 creOte cu %Prsta
Mn medie &,2 2/ 61A7 4'/ 6@'' ani7
@/ 65 ' ani7
de 3 9 mai >rec%ent $a >emei decPt $a (Kr(ai
Fi'iopatologie 7i 4atogenie
Qncetinirea tranzitu$ui co$onic
Tu$(urarea de>ecaiei
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 30/40
8ncetinirea tran'itului colonic
Tu$(urarea acti%itKii mio"ene Tu$(urKri a$e 1N entera$
• Tu$(urKri con"enita$e* B8 :irsc<sprun"
•
Leziuni cPOti"ate – in>ecioase, to9icmedicamentoaseLeziuni a$e 1N simpatic Oi parasimpatic
Tul*urarea de2ecaieiNeuropatia dia(eticK
To9icmedicamentoasa* citostatice
Rectoce$ anterior 6 rupturK de perineu7
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 31/40
0$inica
0antitatea scaunu$ui* N ) 3' – 22' "C24 < 1A,Europa ) &!! – 2!! "C24< A>rica, Asia ) 4'!'!!"C24< 3' " ) si"ur constipat
0onsistena scaunu$ui* apK ) !/ 6N7
apK @!/ S Mncetinirea tranzitu$ui
Nr8 scaune* Norma$ ) 3CsKpt8 S 3Czi
Difcu$tatea e%KcuKrii
E>ort care necesitK 5 2'/ din durata de>ecaiei8
E%acuare incomp$etK
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 32/40
Dia"nostic parac$inic6:E(plorari radiologice irigogra;e/ tran'it *aritat
!:Rectosigmoidoscopia
<:Colonoscopia daca
irigogra;a nu este concludent=
materii 2ecale cu produse patologice
": Demonstrarea >ncetinirii tran'itului intestinal
?: Demonstrarea tul*ur=rilor de2ecaiei
manometrie/ de2ecograma
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 33/40
0omp$icatiiColonice
• ps&o*strucia colonic= acut= +%d: Ogilvie,
• distensie a*dominal=
•
prolaps rectal• Fecalom impactat @ ulcer recto&sigmoidian
• Hemoroi'i/ diverticulo'a colonic=
E(tracolonice
• In2ecii urinare• Hernie ing#inal=/ H1TH/ BR1E
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 34/40
Tratament
3=suri generale
In2ormarea pacientului & N) sedentarism:
DA mi7c=ri ;'ice/ plim*=ri & orarulde2ecaiei +N) amnare,
Regim dietetic & ;*re vegetale +celulo'=/pectine, @ re'iduu colonic & N 6?&!0 g'i
de ;*reE(: t=re de gru
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 35/40
Tratament
LA;ATIFE )induc scaun norma$ ?e>ect $a + &2 <
RGATIFE ) e$imina tot continut intestina$ ? e>ect $a 2@ore
0LA1E
F.L-ETRI0E
IBRE
-0ILAGIN.A1E
1ALINE DE 0.NTA0T 6 IRITANTE 7
.1-.TI0E
LBREIANTE
RE0TALE
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 36/40
La9ati%e %o$umetrice
IBREaine inte"ra$a, tarate de "rau
-0ILAGII
atra" apa, cresc %o$umu$, stimu$eazareceptoriimeti$ce$u$oza, metamuci$
1ALINE 61I EE0T .1-.TI07
sunt <ipertone ) atra" apa in $umen intestina$su$>at de sodiu, su$>at de ma"neziu, citrat dema"neziu
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 37/40
La9ati%e de contact 6iritante7
TIRI1TI-LANTE ERI1TALTI0A INTE1TIN 1BT8
o$eu de ricin , rezine %e"eta$e
1TI-LANTE -.TILITATE 0.L.Nantracenozidice 6 1enna 7, R<amnus>ran"u$a 6 crusin7 , eno$>ta$eina6 0ioco$a97, BisacodJ$ 6 Du$co$a9 7
DEAFANTAEcrampe ,dureri a(domina$e<ipoHa$iemie, <ipoca$cemiedependenta, ma$adia $a9ati%e$or
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 38/40
La9ati%e osmotice -E0ANI1- atra" apa intra$umina$ 1a$ine saruri de ma"neziu
G$ucide$actu$oza 6 Dup<a$ac 7 scindata de
ora de >ermentatie )5 p: 'nerezor(a(i$, e>ect osmotic$actito$ 6 Importa$ 7 idem$actoza resor(a(i$ 6 scindat de $actaza
in Intestin su(tire 7po$ieti$en "$ico$ 60I in stenoze or"anice7DEAFANTAE
une$e dau crampe, dureri, atu$enta
"ust du$ce, tu$(urari <idroe$ectro$itice $a$actu$oza
7/23/2019 Diareea Cronica Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diareea-cronica-final 39/40
La9ati%e $u(refante
-E0ANI1-
f$m pe supra>ata, emo$ient ,usureazapro"resia
TIRIo$eu de parafna needi"erat, nea(sor(it
diocti$su$>osuccinat 6 co$ace7 emu$sioneaza"rasimi$e,
scade a(sor(tia apei in eunDEAFANTAE
scade a(sor(tia %itamine$or $iposo$u(i$e,
anticoa"u$ante cumarinice, di"ita$ice,
corticoizi