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Dr. Sabin Buragawww.purl.org/net/busaco de la microformate la microdate & RDFa Dezvoltarea aplicatiilor Web
| Date post: | 22-Jun-2015 |
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Dr.
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de la microformate la microdate & RDFa
Dezvoltarea aplicatiilor Web
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“Imaginația este mai importantă ca erudiția.”
Albert Einstein
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Constatare
clientul care consuma (acceseaza) reprezentari de resurse Web nu neaparat trebuie sa fie uman
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Cum am putea descrie continutul resurselor Web astfel incat sa poata fi procesat “inteligent”?
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Idee: specificarea unor meta-date (date privind datele)
direct in cadrul documentelor HTML
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Idee: specificarea unor meta-date (date privind datele)
direct in cadrul documentelor HTML
solutii: microformate
scheme de microdate HTML5 RDFa
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Microformate (Tantek Çelik & Kevin Marks, 2004)
www.microformats.org
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Microformate
idee: utilizarea de marcaje (X)HTML pentru a desemna
semantica (structura) continutului
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Microformate
idee: utilizarea de marcaje (X)HTML pentru a desemna
semantica (structura) continutului
“curentul” POSH (Plain Old Semantic HTML)
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Microformate
reutilizarea unor vocabulare de termeni, disponibile liber si standardizate
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Microformate
reutilizarea unor vocabulare de termeni, disponibile liber si standardizate
realizarea de adnotari semantice direct in (X)HTML si alte limbaje similare
procesare automata a reprezentarilor resurselor
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marcaje XHTML (<div>, <span>) pentru specificarea datelor & structurii lor “clase” CSS pentru prezentare & asocierea de descrieri ale meta-datelor
structurarea paginilor Web:
precizarea intelesului
(semanticii) continutului
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Microformate
elementare (desemneaza o singura caracteristica) +
compuse (specifica mai multe proprietati care modeleaza un aspect de interes
– e.g., un concept: persoana, eveniment,…)
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rel-tag
asociaza unei legaturi hipertext un termen (tag) – cuvant-cheie ori subiect – ales liber de autor
(tagging content)
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rel-tag
<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/fish" rel="tag">fish</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/UNIX" rel="tag"
class="skill">UNIX</a>
<a href="http://flickr.com/photos/tags/Penguin" rel="tag">
<img src="tux.jpg" alt="Foto cu un pinguin" /></a>
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XFN (XHTML Friend Network)
relatii de “prieteni”: colaboratori, rude, cunoscuti,…
<a href="http://www.infoiasi.ro/~dlucanu/"
rel="met, colleague, co-worker, neighbor">
Dorel Lucanu</a>
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recurgerea la XFN in cadrul sistemului WordPress
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hCalendar
desemneaza evenimente & orare
vezi formatul iCalendar – RFC 2445
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hCalendar
<div class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://profs.info.uaic.ro/~web/2007/">
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20061117">November 17</abbr> --
<abbr class="dtend" title="20061118">18, 2006</abbr>
<span class="summary">Summer Web 2007</span> la
<span class="location">Sala Romtelecom</span></a>
<div class="description">Se anunta editia a VII-a a workshop-ului
dedicat tehnologiilor Web!</div>
</div>
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hCard
informatii de contact despre persoane, organizatii etc.
in conformitate cu formatul vCard – RFC 2426
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specificarea informatiilor despre o persoana via hCard
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hResume
modeleaza informatii despre un CV
folosit in conjunctie cu hCard si hCalendar
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hReview
desemneaza opinii emise despre o resursa (produs, locatie, eveniment, persoana,…)
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<div class="hreview">
<!-- resursa recenzata -->
<h1 class="item">Recenzie despre <a class="fn url" title="Situl FII"
href="http://www.info.uaic.ro/">situl Web al FII</a></h1>
<p> <!-- 'punctajul' obtinut (5 din 5), sumarul & data recenziei -->
<abbr class="rating stars" title="5">* * * * *</abbr>
<span class="summary title">Modern</span>,
<abbr class="dtreviewed" title="20100518T224500">18 mai</abbr>
</p>
<!-- autorul recenziei marcat prin hCard -->
<p class="reviewer">Autor al recenziei: <span class="vcard">
<a class="url fn n" href="http://www.purl.org/net/busaco"
title="Spre situl Web al lui Sabin Buraga">
<span class="given-name">Sabin</span>
<span class="family-name">Buraga</span></a></span></p>
<div class="description"> <!-- detalii despre recenzie --> </div>
</div>
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geo
defineste coordonatele geografice ale unei locatii
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microformate: utilizari
Flickr www.info.uaic.ro
Last.fm Revyu
Upcoming WordPress
XWiki Yahoo! Tech
etc.
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microformate: utilizari
Desigur, putem definite microformate proprii:
hLocation – referentierea (in termeni fuzzy) a locatiilor (S. Dumitriu, M. Girdea & S. Buraga, 2007)
hMusic – specificarea datelor privind productii muzicale
(S. Buraga, 2008)
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microformate: utilizari
O melodie o putem considera – la nivel abstract – ca fiind un evenimentputem extinde hEvent
<ul class="music">
<li class="vevent"><span class="summary">
<a href="Hidden%20Love.mp3">Hidden Love</a></span>
<span class="dur">08:29</span>
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2008-09-20">20 Sep 2008</abbr>
</li>
…
</ul>
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Microdata HTML 5
http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
alternativa la microformate
specificatie W3C in stadiu de ciorna (Ian Hickson, martie 2012)
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Microdata HTML 5
posibilitatea de a specifica perechi de proprietati (nume, valoare) “scufundate” in HTML
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Microdata HTML 5
grupurile de perechi de proprietati nume—valoare sunt denumite items
creare via atributul itemscope
specificarea unei proprietati prin atributul itemprop
referire cu ajutorul atributului itemref
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Microdata HTML 5
grupurile de perechi de proprietati nume—valoare sunt denumite items
asocierea unui tip de date se face cu atributul itemtype
pentru identificarea unui item se foloseste itemid
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Microdata HTML 5
ca tipuri de date se pot folosi microformatele
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<section itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcard"> <h1 itemprop="fn"> <span itemprop="n" itemscope> <span itemprop="given-name">Tuxy</span> <span itemprop="family-name">Pinguinescu</span> </span> </h1> <img itemprop="photo" alt="Portretul lui Tux" src="tux.jpg"> <p itemprop="org" itemscope> <span itemprop="organization-name">Linux</span></p> <h2>Detalii & contact:</h2> <ul> <li><a itemprop="url" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tux"> Wikipedia</a></li> <li itemprop="email"><a href="mailto:[email protected]"> tux AT penguin.org</a></li> </ul> <address><span itemprop="adr" itemscope> <span itemprop="street-address">Penguins Blv., 33</span> <span itemprop="locality">Penguin City</span>, <span itemprop="postal-code">740033</span> </span> </address> </section>
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Exista o serie de modele de date (exprimate via microformate sau microdate)
ce pot fi indexate si folosite de actualele motoare de cautare?
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schema.org
colectie de vocabulare (scheme de date) – e.g., Book, Event, LocalBusiness, Movie, Offer, Person,
Place, Recipe, Review, TVSeries,… – recunoscute si indexate de robotii unor motoare de cautare
Bing, Google, Yahoo!, Yandex
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<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product"> <img itemprop="image" src="tux-de-catifea-cu-paiete.jpg" /> <span itemprop="name" lang="ro">Tux de catifea cu paiete</span>
<div itemprop="aggregateRating" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AggregateRating"> <span itemprop="ratingValue">74</span> din <span itemprop="bestRating">100</span> de puncte pe baza a <span itemprop="ratingCount">33</span> de evaluari ale utilizatorilor </div>
<div itemprop="offers" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AggregateOffer"> disponibil de la <span itemprop="lowPrice">30</span> la <span itemprop="highPrice">130</span> de RON pe baza ofertei a <span itemprop="offerCount">10</span> comercianti
Oferta zilei: <div itemprop="offers" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer"> <a itemprop="url" href="http://jucarii.biz/tucsi/tux-catifea-paiete"> Jucarii pentru toti, acum cu paiete</a> </div> </div> </div>
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Studiu de caz: adnotarea semantica via microdate HTML5 a datelor
in contextul interactiunii om-calculator
persona & teste de utilizabilitate (Stefan Negru & Sabin Buraga, 2012)
http://blankdots.com/open/schema/
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Persona"> <section id="personal-info"> <h3>Type: <strong itemprop="personaType">Primary</strong></h3> <figure><img itemprop="image" src="teacher.jpg" alt="persona image" /></figure> <h4>Identity: <span itemprop="givenName">Tuxy</span> <span itemprop="familyName">Pinguinescu</span></h4> <h4>Background</h4> <ul> <li>Date of Birth: <time itemprop="birthDate" datetime="1980-10-23">23 octombrie 1980</time></li> <li>Gender: <span itemprop="gender">Male</span></li> <li itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place"> Location: <span itemprop="name">Iasi, Romania</span></li> <li>Tech Level:<span itemprop="technicalLevel">Advanced</span></li> </ul> </section> <section id="goals"> <h4>Goals</h4> <ul> <li>Practical Goals: <span itemprop="endGoal">…</span></li> <li>Personal Goals: <span itemprop="experienceGoal">…</span></li> </ul> </section> </article>
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Alte resurse de interes, inclusiv instrumente de validare & conversie,
sunt oferite de situl Web
http://getschema.org/
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Folosind modelul RDF (subiect, predicat, obiect), n-am putea include triplele RDF in paginile Web?
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
reprezinta un alt format de serializare a modelului RDF
RDF + HTML = RDFa
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
recomandari ale Consortiului Web
RDFa 1.0 (2008) RDFa 1.1 (2012)
www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
“punte” intre Web-ul social si Web-ul semantic
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-primer/
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
utilizarea unor atribute XHTML specifice menite a modela informatiile disponibile intr-o pagina Web
in vederea procesarii acestora de catre calculator
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-lite/
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
vocab – precizeaza URL-ul vocabularului de date folosit
exemplificari: http://schema.org/
http://open.vocab.org/terms/
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
typeof – desemneaza un tip de date (clasa)
de exemplu: Event, Person, Product etc.
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
property – specifica o proprietate asociata tipului de date
e.g., pentru tipul Event sunt definite proprietatile duration, location, startDate, endDate, performers,…
(conform http://schema.org/Event)
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
resource – indica un identificator de resursa despre care se “vorbeste” in termeni de meta-date
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
prefix – desemneaza un vocabular specific e.g., rdf pentru RDF, rdfa – RDFa, xsd – XML Schema
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Specificarea constructiilor RDF direct in (X)HTML RDFa
minimal, se pot utiliza atributele specificate de RDFa Lite
prefix – desemneaza un vocabular specific e.g., rdf pentru RDF, rdfa – RDFa, xsd – XML Schema
lista prefixelor predefinite:
www.w3.org/2011/rdfa-context/rdfa-1.1
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Exemplu recurgand la vocabularul schema.org adaptare dupa (Manu Sporny, 2012)
<p vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Person"
resource="#tux">
Salut, eu sunt
<span property="name">Tuxy Pinguinescu</span>
si va invit sa vizitati
<a property="url" href="http://tux.info/">situl meu</a>.
</p>
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Exemplu: modelarea grafului social al unui utilizator pe baza vocabularului FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)
<div vocab="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1"> <div resource="#busaco" typeof="Person"> <a property="url" href="http://purl.org/net/busaco"> <span property="name">Sabin Buraga</span></a> îi are drept cunoscuți pe <a property="knows" href="#alecsandru">Alecsandru</a> și <a property="knows" href="#blankdots">Ștefan</a>. </div> <p resource="#alecsandru" typeof="Person"> <span property="name">Alecsandru Grigoriu</span></a> </p> … </div>
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date adnotate semantic via RDFa
triplele RDF extrase
redarea continutului
marcat
http://rdfa.info/play/ instrument Web de editare si vizualizare a constructiilor RDFa
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graful RDF corespunzator
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Exemplu: specificarea “punctajului” dat unei resurse (adnotare semantica via review vocabulary de la Google)
<div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Review"> <span rel="v:itemreviewed"> <span about="urn:ISBN:978-973-46-0249-0" typeof="bib:book"> Titlu: <span property="v:name" xml:lang="ro">Tehnologii XML</span> </span> </span> Evaluare: <span property="v:rating" content="5">*****</span> <span property="v:summary">…</span> </div>
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rdf: utilizari
corelarea, consolidarea si accesarea cunostintelor despre e-commerce via RDF – @kidehen & @mfhepp (2010)
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<div typeof="gr:Offering" about="#fabulous-offer"> <div rev="gr:offers" resource="http://www.undeva.biz#business"> <span property="gr:validFrom" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2011-11-20T00:00:00Z"></span> <span property="gr:validThrough" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2012-11-20T00:00:00Z"></span> </div> <div rel="gr:hasPriceSpecification"> <span typeof="gr:UnitPriceSpecification" about="#UnitPriceSpec"> Pret: <span property="gr:hasCurrencyValue" datatype="xsd:float"> 33.33</span> <span property="gr:hasCurrency" datatype="xsd:string">Euro</span> </span> </div> <a rel="product:specification"
href="http://undeva.biz/product#spec">Specificatiile produsului</a> </div>
modelarea in RDFa a unei oferte de e-business pe baza Good Relations – dupa Martin Hepp (2009)
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O lista a siturilor care recurg la adnotari semantice RDFa referitoare la produse via Good Relations
poate fi consultata la http://notes.3kbo.com/goodrelations-sites
exemple notabile: BestBuy, O’Reilly Media, Sears, Yahoo! Real Estate
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RDFa transforma orice pagina Web intr-un API
acces la date structurate, nu doar la continut textual
http://rdfa.info/
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Exista o serie de studii de caz privitoare la RDFa?
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Generarea de constructii RDFa pe baza editorului on-line RDFaCE
abordare WYSISYG (What You See Is What You Get)
genereaza reprezentari RDFa – inclusiv rNews
recurge la API-uri de adnotare a continutului textual (e.g., Alchemy, Open Calais, Ontos, Dbpedia)
disponibil si ca extensie pentru WordPress
http://aksw.org/Projects/RDFACE
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Generarea de constructii RDFa pe baza editorului on-line RDFaCE
A. Khalili, S. Auer & D. Hladky (2012)
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rdf: utilizari – rdfa
inspectarea constructiilor RDFa din cadrul unui document XHTML via RDFa Highlight bookmarklet
<li about="/issues/59939" typeof="g:Issue" property="g:hasPublicationDate"
content="2011-10-14" rel="g:hasNotice"><a href="/issues/59939/notices/1457466/…"
about="/issues/59939/notices/1457466" typeof="g:Notice">…</a></li>
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extragerea de triple RDF din constructii RDFa via instrumentul RADiFy – http://duncangrant.co.uk/radify/ (aici se folosesc vocabularele FOAF, Good Relations, Open Graph)
<#offering> gr:name "Ty Pennington Style Mayfield 4 Pc. Deep Seating Set"
<#offering> gr:hasCurrency "USD"
<#offering> gr:hasCurrencyValue "849.99"
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recomandari de resurse pe baza marcajelor RDFa Lite extensia RuleTheWeb pentru Firefox
http://ruletheweb.org/
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rNews
model de date pentru includerea de meta-date din domeniul publicatiilor
(e.g., stiri, articole, periodice) in documentele HTML
standard IPTC (International Press Telecommunications Council) – octombrie 2011
rnews.org
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rNews
pe bazeaza pe microdate HTML5 si/sau RDFa
detalii in prezentarea E. Sandhaus, S. Myles & A. Gebhard, “The State of rNews”, Semantic Technology & Business
Conference, San Francisco (2012)
https://speakerdeck.com/u/agebhard/p/the-state-of-rnews
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Microformatele, microdatele HTML5 si asertiunile RDF(a) sunt indexate de motoarele de cautare
Bing – http://tinyurl.com/3mgq27b
Google rich snippets – http://tinyurl.com/3c6naq7
Yahoo! BOSS (Build your Own Search Service)
http://developer.yahoo.com/search/boss/
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microformate↔microformate↔RDFa
Microformatele pot fi exprimate via microdate HTML care, la randul lor,
pot avea asociate constructii RDF(a)
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microformate↔microformate↔RDFa
Cel mai expresiv – general – model este RDF(a)
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<!-- microformate (utilizarea microformatului hCard) --> <div class="vcard"> <p>Nume: <span class="fn">Sabin Buraga</span></p> <p>Titlu academic: <span class="title">Dr.</span></p> </div>
<!-- microdate HTML5 --> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <p>Nume: <span itemprop="name">Sabin Buraga</span></p> <p>Titlu academic: <span itemprop="title">Dr.</span></p> </div>
<!-- aceleasi constructii exprimate via RDFa --> <div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Person"> <p>Nume: <span property="v:name">Sabin Buraga</span></p> <p>Titlu academic: <span property="v:title">Dr.</span></p> </div>
adaptare dupa Marco Lisci & Luisa Scarlata (2011)
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<li class="conference" itemscope itemid="/2011/oscon/"
itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"
itemclass="SocialEvent BusinessEvent EducationEvent">
<h2><a itemprop="url" href="/2011/oscon/">
<span itemprop="name">OSCON 2011</span></a></h2>
<p itemprop="location" itemscope itemid="/places/portland/"
itemtype="http://schema.org/Place">
<span itemprop="name"><a href="/places/usa/">USA</a> /
<a itemprop="url" href="/places/portland/">Portland</a></span></p>
<p class="date">
<time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2011-07-25">25</time> –
<time itemprop="endDate" datetime="2011-07-29">29 iulie</time>
</p>
...
</li>
modelarea unui eveniment via microdate HTML5, pe baza schemelor de date oferite de schema.org
(Jeni Tennison, 2011)
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@prefix s: <http://schema.org/>
</2011/oscon/> a s:Event ,
s:SocialEvent , s:BusinessEvent ,
s:EducationEvent ;
s:url <http://lanyrd.com/2011/oscon/> ;
s:name "OSCON 2011" ;
s:location </places/portland/> ;
s:startDate "2011-07-25"^^xsd:date ;
s:endDate "2011-07-29"^^xsd:date .
</places/portland/> a s:Place ;
s:url <http://lanyrd.com/places/portland/> ;
s:name "United States / Portland" .
constructiile RDF echivalente pe baza asocierilor (mappings) realizate – Jeni Tennison, 2011
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{ "type" : "http://schema.org/Event",
"id" : "http://lanyrd.com/2011/oscon/",
"properties" : {
"url" : [ "http://lanyrd.com/2011/oscon/" ],
"name" : [ "OSCON 2011" ],
"location" : [
{ "type" : "http://schema.org/Place",
"id" : "http://lanyrd.com/places/portland/",
"properties" : {
"name" : [ "United States / Portland" ],
"url" : [ "http://lanyrd.com/places/portland/" ] }
} ],
"startDate" : [ "2011-07-25" ],
"endDate" : [ "2011-07-29" ]
}
} modelul de date exprimat in JSON
(accesat via un serviciu Web respectand paradigma REST)
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microformate↔microformate↔RDFa
Pentru alte detalii, a se studia articolul Jeni Tennison, Microdata and RDFa Living Together
in Harmony, august 2011: http://www.jenitennison.com/blog/node/165
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modelarea (meta-)datelor in cadrul paginilor Web
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?
