Cuvânt înainte · 2020. 2. 19. · Cuvânt înainte Schimburile comerciale externe sau, în...

Cuvânt înainte

Schimburile comerciale externe sau, înformularea uzualã, comerþul exterior al unei þãri, aureprezentat dintotdeauna unul dintre indicatoriiesenþiali în evaluarea stãrii economice a acesteia, adirecþiei ºi a intensitãþii ritmului sãu de dezvoltare.În funcþie de nivelul acestor schimburi, de structuralor, de produsele care sunt importate sauexportate, analistul poate stabili atât unde se aflã oþarã în contextul globalizat al lumii contemporane,cât ºi încotro se îndreaptã, permiþând localizarea întimp a momentului în care acel grad deperformanþã, în mãsurã sã asigure cetãþeniloraccesul la o cât mai completã bunãstare, va fi atins.

În acest sens, anuarul de comerþ exterior al uneiþãri, ºi Anuarul de Comerþ Internaþional al Românieiediþie 2018 nu face excepþie, asigurã posibilitateacuprinderii, într-un singur volum, a majoritãþiiinformaþiilor necesare, de o înaltã acurateþe ºidetaliere, care permit scanarea profundã aeconomiei naþionale ºi, pe baza ei, elaborareaproiectelor de dezvoltare, fie acestea la nivel macrosau microeconomic, pentru întreaga þarã, pentru unanumit sector economic sau doar pentru un singurîntreprinzãtor.

Desigur, pentru ca rezultatele analizei sã fiecorecte, este nevoie ca utilizatorul anuarului sãdispunã de cunoºtinþele economice necesare,pentru a putea face interpretãri ºi corelaþii justeîntre diferitele valori ale indicatorilor. Dar, acestfapt nu înseamnã cã Anuarul de ComerþInternaþional al României nu îºi justificã prezenþa înbibilioteca oricãrei persoane, fie aceasta ºi fãrã opregãtire economicã specialã, pentru a satisface, casimplã lecturã, curiozitatea noastrã fireascã de acunoaºte ce parteneri comerciali a avut România înanul pentru care sunt elaborate datele, ceintensitate au avut schimburile cu aceºtia, cãtre cetipuri de produse s-au concentrat ele, iar, princonsultarea seriilor de timp, observarea modului încare au evoluat relaþiile comerciale cu o þarã sau cuun grup de þãri.

Foreword

The external trade exchanges or, in usual speech,the foreign trade of a country have/has always beenone of the essential indicators in the assessment ofthe economic situation, direction and developmentrate of that country. Depending on the level andstructure of these exchanges, on the products that areimported or exported, the analyst can determine bothwhere a country stands in the globalised context ofthe contemporary world and where it is heading,allowing the identification of the moment when thatdegree of performance, able to ensure citizen accessto the fullest possible wellbeing, will be reached.

In this respect, the international trade yearbookof a country, and the Romanian International TradeYearbook, edition 2018, is no exception, enables toinclude in a single volume most of the informationnecessary to thoroughly scan the national economy,information which is highly accurate and detailed,and, based on that, allows the preparation ofdevelopment projects, at both macro- and micro-economic level, for the entire country, for a particulareconomic sector or just for one entrepreneur.

Obviously, in order for the results of the analysisto be accurate, the user of the yearbook must havethe economic knowledge required to interpret andappropriately correlate the various values of theindicators. However, the Romanian InternationalTrade Yearbook deserves a place in the library ofeveryone, even if they don’t have a special training ineconomics, as a means of satisfying, as mere reading,the natural curiosity of those who want to know whattrade partners Romania had in the year for which thedata were produced, the intensity of these tradeexchanges, the types of products they were focusedon, and, by consulting the time series, to see theevolution of the trade relations with a particularcountry or a group of countries.

Fac aceste observaþii gândindu-mã acum, înanul în care marcãm centenarul Marii Uniri, cu câtinteres ºi cu câtã plãcere parcurgem astãzi filelevechilor anuare de comerþ exterior, ca de altfelfilele tuturor publicaþiilor noastre statistice deodinioarã, în care descoperim chipul unei þãricapabile, prin vreme, sã fie, în multe domenii,printre promotorii performanþei ºi înnoirii în lume.

Întorcându-mã la ediþia pentru anul 2018 aAnuarului de Comerþ Internaþional al României,sunt convins cã ea va fi în mãsurã sã satisfacãinteresul tuturor cititorilor sãi, un public mereu maiavizat ºi mai deplin receptor de informaþie, fieaceasta prezentatã în formatul tradiþional alediþiilor pe hârtie, fie în cel mai modern ºi mai uºorde consultat ºi utilizat, în varianta pe CD.

Închei aceste rânduri sperând cã, ºi de aceastãdatã, iubitorii de statisticã vor gãsi în paginile ceurmeazã informaþia care sã le rãspundã integralaºteptãrilor.

I am making these remarks while thinking, in theyear of the 100th anniversary of the Great Union, ofthe interest and pleasure with which we now turn thepages of the old international trade yearbooks, as infact the pages of all our past statistical publications,where we discover the face of a country able to be,over time and in many areas, among the promotersof performance and innovation in the world.

With regard to the 2018 edition of the RomanianInternational Trade Yearbook, I am convinced it willsucceed in satisfying the interests of all its readers, anincreasingly trained and informed public, regardlessof whether it is presented in the traditional format ofpaper editions or it is provided in the more modernformat, which is easier to consult and use, namely theCD version.

I end these lines with the hope that, this time too,those who are interested in statistics will find in thesepages the information that fully meets theirexpectations.

Tudorel ANDREIPreºedintele Institutului Naþional de Statisticã

President of the National Institute of Statistics

5

SURSA DATELOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PRECIZÃRI METODOLOGICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

COMERÞUL INTERNAÞIONAL CU BUNURI AL ROMÂNIEIÎN ANUL 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

GRAFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

TABELE:

1. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2. Structura comerþului internaþional cu bunuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3. Indicii valorici ai comerþului internaþional cu bunuri . . . . . 36

4. Indicii valorii unitare ai comerþului internaþional cu bunuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe secþiuni conformCSCI, Rev. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

6. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe Marile CategoriiEconomice (MCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

7. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, conform Clasificãrii Produselor ºi Serviciilor asociate Activitãþilor (CPSA 2015) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe secþiuni ºi principalele capitole, conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe grupe de þãri ºi þãri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10. Topul þãrilor partenere în comerþul internaþionalcu bunuri, în anul 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

11. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe principalelesecþiuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) ºi pe þãri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

12. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe principalele þãriºi pe secþiuni conform NomenclatoruluiCombinat (NC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

DATA SOURCE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

ROMANIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS, INTHE YEAR 2017

GRAPHS

TABLES:

International trade in goods

The structure of international trade in goods

Value indices of international trade in goods

Unit value indices of international tradein goods

International trade in goods, by sections according toSITC, Rev. 4

International trade in goods, by Broad EconomicCategories (BEC)

International trade in goods, according to Classification of Products by Activities (CPA 2015)

International trade in goods by sections and main chapters, according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN)

International trade in goods, by groups of countriesand by countries

Main partner countries in international trade ingoods, in 2017

International trade in goods, by main sectionsaccording to the Combined Nomenclature (CN) andby countries

International trade in goods, by main countries andby sections according to the Combined Nomenclature(CN)

CUPRINS TABELE PaginaPage

TABLES CONTENTS

6

13. Comerþul internaþional, pe principalele bunuri ºi pe þãri (tabelul se gãseºte numai pe CD-ROM-ul ataºat)

Animale vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Carne ºi organe comestibile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Peºte ºi crustacee, moluºte ºialte nevertebrate acvatice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Lapte ºi produse lactate; ouã; miere;produse comestibile de origine animalã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Plante vii ºi produse de floriculturã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Legume, plante, rãdãcini ºi tuberculi, alimentare . . . . . . . . . . . 124Fructe comestibile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Cafea, ceai, mate ºi condimente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Cereale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Produse ale industriei morãritului; malþ; amidon . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Seminþe ºi fructe oleaginoase; plante industrialeºi medicinale; paie ºi furaje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Grãsimi ºi uleiuri de origine animalã sau vegetalã . . . . . . . . . . 139Preparate din carne ºi peºte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Zaharuri ºi produse zaharoase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Cacao ºi preparate din cacao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Preparate din cereale, fãinã, amidon;produse de patiserie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Preparate din legume, fructe, sâmburisau din alte pãrþi de plante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Preparate alimentare diverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Bãuturi alcoolice ºi nealcoolice; oþeturi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Reziduuri ºi deºeuri ale industrieialimentare; nutreþuri pentru animale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Tutun ºi înlocuitori de tutun prelucraþi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Sare; sulf, pãmânturi ºi pietre; ipsos;var ºi ciment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Minereuri, zgurã ºi cenuºã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Combustibili ºi uleiuri minerale;materii bituminoase; ceruri minerale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Produse chimice anorganice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Produse chimice organice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Produse farmaceutice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Îngrãºãminte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Extracte tanante sau colorante; tanini ºiderivaþii lor; coloranþi, pigmenþi ºi altematerii colorante; culori ºi vopsele;chit ºi masticuri; cerneluri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Uleiuri esenþiale ºi rezinoide; produse deparfumerie sau de toaletã ºi preparate cosmetice . . . . . . . . . . 189Sãpunuri; preparate pentru spãlat ºi lubrifiante,cearã dentarã, paste de modelat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Substanþe albuminoide; produse pe bazã de amidonmodificat; cleiuri; enzime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Produse diverse ale industriei chimice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

International trade, by main goods and by countries(the table is to be found only in the attached CD-ROM)

Live animalsMeat and edible offalFish and crustaceans, molluscsand other aquatic invertebratesMilk and dairy products; eggs; honey;edible animal productsLive plants, flower productsEdible vegetables, roots and tubersEdible fruitCoffee, tea, mate and spicesCerealsProducts of the milling industry; malt; starchOil seeds and oleaginous fruit; industrial and medicinal plants; straw and fodderAnimal or vegetable fats and oilsPreparations of meat and fishSugars and sugar confectioneryCocoa and cocoa preparationsPreparations of cereals, flour, starch;pastry productsPreparations of vegetables, fruits,nuts or other parts of plantsMiscellaneous edible preparationsAlcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages; vinegarResidues and waste from thefood industry; animal fodderTobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutesSalt; sulphur, earths and stone;plaster; lime and cementOres, slag and ashMineral fuels and oils; bituminoussubstances; mineral waxesInorganic chemicalsOrganic chemicalsPharmaceutical productsFertilizersTanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivates; dyes, pigments and other dyestuff; paints andvarnishes; putty and mastics; inksEssential oils and resinoids; perfumery,cosmetic or toilet preparationsSoap; washing and lubricating preparations,dental wax, modelling pastesAlbuminoidal substances;modified starch; glues; enzymesMiscellaneous chemical products


TABLES CONTENTS

7

Materiale plastice ºi articole din materiale plastice . . . . . . . . . 202Cauciuc ºi articole din cauciuc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Piei brute ºi piei tãbãcite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Obiecte din piele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Lemn, cãrbune de lemn ºi articole din lemn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Pastã din lemn ; deºeuri de hârtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Hârtie ºi carton; articole din hârtie ºi carton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Cãrþi, ziare ºi alte produse imprimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Mãtase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Lânã, pãr fin sau grosier de animale;fire ºi þesãturi din pãr de cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Bumbac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Alte fibre textile vegetale; fire de hârtie ºiþesãturi din fire de hârtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Filamente sintetice sau artificiale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Fibre sintetice sau artificiale discontinue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Vatã, pâslã, fire speciale; sfoarã, cordoane, frânghii, articole din acestea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Þesãturi speciale; þesãturi buclate; dantele,tapiserie; pasmanterie, broderii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Þesãturi impregnate, cauciucate,acoperite la suprafaþã sau stratificate;articole tehnice din materiale textile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Þesãturi croºetate sau tricotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Articole ºi accesorii de îmbrãcãminte,tricotate sau croºetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Articole ºi accesorii de îmbrãcãminte,altele decât tricotate sau croºetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Alte articole textile confecþionate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Încãlþãminte ºi pãrþi ale acesteia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Articole din piatrã, ipsos, ciment,azbest, micã sau din materiale similare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311Produse ceramice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Sticlã ºi articole din sticlã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316Fontã, fier ºi oþel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Produse din fontã, fier ºi oþel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334Cupru ºi articole din cupru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Aluminiu ºi articole din aluminiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Plumb ºi articole din plumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361Zinc ºi articole din zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361Alte metale comune; metaloceramice;articole din aceste materiale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Unelte ºi scule, tacâmuri din metale comune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Articole diverse din metale comune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Cazane, turbine, motoare, aparate ºidispozitive mecanice, pãrþi ale acestora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Maºini, aparate ºi echipamente electrice; aparatede înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetulºi imagini de televiziune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Plastics and articles thereofRubber and articles thereofRaw hides and skins and leatherLeather goodsWood, charcoal and articles of woodPulp of wood; waste of paperPaper and paperboard; articles of paper and paperboardPrinted books, newspapers and other products of the printing industrySilkWool, fine or coarse animal hair;horsehair yarn and woven fabricCottonOther vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn and woven fabrics of paper yarnMan-made filamentsMan-made staple fibresWadding, felt, special yarns; twine,cords, ropes, articles thereofSpecial woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics;lace, tapestries; trimmings, embroideryImpregnated, coated, covered orlaminated textile fabrics; technical articlesof textilesKnitted or crocheted fabricsKnitted or crocheted clothingand accessoriesNot knitted or crocheted clothingand accessoriesOther ready-made textile articlesFootwear and parts thereofArticles of stone, plaster, cement,asbestos, mica and similar materialsCeramic productsGlass and glasswarePig-iron, iron and steelProducts of pig-iron, iron and steelCopper and articles thereofAluminum and articles thereofLead and articles thereofZinc and articles thereofOther base metals; cermets;articles thereofTools and implements, cutlery of base metalMiscellaneous articles of base metalBoilers, turbines, engines, mechanicalapparatus and devices, parts thereofMachinery and mechanical appliances and electrical equipment; sound and televisionimage recorders and reproducers


TABLES CONTENTS

8

Vehicule ºi echipamente pentrucãile ferate ºi de comunicaþii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Automobile, tractoare ºi alte vehicule terestre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Aeronave, nave spaþiale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493Vapoare, nave ºi structuri plutitoare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494Instrumente ºi aparate optice,fotografice, cinematografice,medico-chirurgicale ºi similare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496Ceasornicãrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510Mobilã; aparate de iluminat ºi alte articolesimilare; construcþii prefabricate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511Jucãrii, jocuri, articole pentru divertismentsau pentru sport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518Articole diverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

14. Comerþul internaþional, pe principalele þãri ºi bunuri (tabelul se gãseºte numai pe CD-ROM-ul ataºat)

Africa de Sud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Arabia Sauditã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Azerbaidjan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584Bahrein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588Belgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Belize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620Bosnia ºi Herþegovina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Brazilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636Cambodgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663Capul Verde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Ciad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Cipru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Coasta de Fildeº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708Coreea de Sud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Croaþia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742

Railway or tramway locomotivesand rolling-stockVehicles, tractors and other ground vehiclesAircrafts, spacecraftsShips, boats and floating structuresOptical, photographic, cinematographic,medical or surgical instrumentsand apparatus and similarClocks and watchesFurniture; lighting fittings and other similararticles; prefabricated buildingsToys, games, sport or entertainment articlesMiscellaneous manufactured articles

International trade, by main countries and goods (the table is to be found only in the attached CD-ROM)

South AfricaAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaSaudi ArabiaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBelgiumBelizeBeninBelarusBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBrazilBulgariaCambodiaCanadaCape VerdeChileChinaChadCyprusCôte d’IvoireColombiaSouth KoreaCroatiaCuba


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Danemarca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760Egipt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761Elveþia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770Emiratele Arabe Unite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788Eritreea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Etiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Federaþia Rusã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Filipine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822Finlanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824Franþa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838Teritoriul Palestinian Ocupat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865Germania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Grecia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919Guineea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926Indonezia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940Iordania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946Irak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949Republica Islamicã Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951Irlanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957Islanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970Italia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983Japonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009Kazahstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025Kirghizstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026Kosovo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026Kuweit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029Republica Popularã Democratã Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031Letonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031Liban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039Libia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039Liechtenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040Lituania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040Luxemburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058Malaezia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

DenmarkDjiboutiEcuadorEgyptSwitzerlandUnited Arab EmiratesEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaRussian FederationPhilippinesFinlandFranceOccupied Palestinian TerritoryGabonGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGeorgiaGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaHong KongIndiaIndonesiaJordanIraqIran, Islamic Republic ofIrelandIcelandIsraelItalyJapanKazakhstanKenyaKyrgyzstanKosovoKuwaitLao People’s Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanonLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMadagascarMalaysiaMalawi


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Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065Maroc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075Mexic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083Mozambic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084Muntenegru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084Myanmar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086Norvegia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088Noua Caledonie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098Noua Zeelandã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099Olanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130Polinezia Francezã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131Polonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131Portugalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174Regatul Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177Republica Arabã Sirianã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202Republica Cehã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227Republica Democratã Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227Republica Dominicanã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228Insulele Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1228Fosta Republicã Iugoslavã a Macedoniei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228Republica Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237Statele Unite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281San Marino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1302Slovacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1330Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349Spania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375Suedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404Thailanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405

MaliMaltaMoroccoMauritania MauritiusMexicoMongoliaMozambiqueMontenegroMyanmarNigeriaNorwayNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNetherlandsOmanPakistanPanamaPeruFrench PolynesiaPolandPortugalQatarUnited Kingdom Syrian Arab RepublicCzech RepublicCongoCongo, Democratic Republic ofDominican RepublicMarshall IslandsFormer Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaMoldova, Republic ofUnited StatesEl SalvadorSan MarinoSenegalSerbiaSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSomaliaSpainSri LankaSudanSwedenSwazilandTaiwanTanzaniaThailand


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Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412Trinidad-Tobago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413Turcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418Turkmenistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442Ucraina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1462Ungaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1462Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1489Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495

15. Exporturile de bunuri pe moduri de transport . . . . . . . . . 149616. Importurile de bunuri pe moduri de transport . . . . . . . . . 149617. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri, pe activitãþi

ale economiei naþionale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149618. Comerþul extracomunitar cu bunuri,

pe moneda de facturare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1497

NOMENCLATOARE UTILIZATE ÎN PREZENTUL ANUAR- Nomenclatorul Combinat - secþiuni ºi capitole . . . . . . . . 1498- Nomenclatorul Combinat - bunuri cuprinse în anuar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1501

LISTA PRINCIPALELOR ÞÃRI PARTENERE DE COMERÞINTERNAÞIONAL CU ROMÂNIA, PE CONTINENTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528

PRESCURTÃRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITÃÞILE DE MÃSURÃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1531SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE ÎN TABELE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1531

TogoTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanUkraineUgandaHungaryUruguayUzbekistanViet NamYemenZimbabwe

Exports of goods by modes of transportImports of goods by modes of transportInternational trade in goods, by activities ofnational economyExtra-community trade in goods,by invoicing currency

NOMENCLATURES USED IN THIS YEARBOOK- Combined Nomenclature - sections and chapters- Combined Nomenclature - goods comprised inthe yearbook

THE LIST OF THE MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRADE PARTNER COUNTRIES OF ROMANIA, BY CONTINENTS

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENTSYMBOLS USED IN THE TABLES


TABLES CONTENTS

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Statisticile de comerþ internaþional cu bunuri se stabilescprin însumarea datelor din sistemele Intrastat ºi Extrastat,conform principiului aplicat pentru realizarea statisticilorUniunii Europene:- sistemul Intrastat: pentru comerþul Intra-UE(schimburile de bunuri între România ºi celelalte 27 statemembre ale Uniunii Europene);- sistemul Extrastat: pentru comerþul Extra-UE(schimburile de bunuri între România ºi statele care nusunt membre ale Uniunii Europene).

SURSA DATELOR

Pentru comerþul Intra-UE: Declaraþiile statistice Intrastat colectate de cãtre INSdirect de la operatorii economici care au realizat unvolum valoric al expedierilor intracomunitare de bunurisau/ºi un volum al introducerilor intracomunitare debunuri superior valorii pragului statistic Intrastat stabilitpentru fiecare flux ºi an de referinþã ºi care îndeplinesccondiþiile stipulate în Legea nr.422/2006.

Gradul de colectare a datelor prin cercetarea statisticãIntrastat a fost de peste 95,0% atât pentru introduceri cât ºipentru expedieri intracomunitare de bunuri, raportat lavolumul total al introducerilor ºi respectiv expedierilorintracomunitare de bunuri. Pentru restul de cca. 5,0%,reprezentând valoarea comerþului sub pragurile statisticeIntrastat ºi nonrãspunsuri au fost realizate estimãri de date.

Pentru comerþul Extra-UE: Agenþia Naþionalã deAdministrare Fiscalã (ANAF), care colecteazã ºiprelucreazã declaraþiile vamale de export ºi import.

Datele privind comerþul internaþional cu bunuripentru energie electricã ºi gaze naturale suntcolectate pe formulare statistice de la societãþileimportatoare/exportatoare ºi de la operatorii de reþea (CN Transelectrica SA ºi SNTGN Transgaz SA) de cãtre INS.Importul ºi exportul nu cuprind cantitãþile fizice deenergie electricã ºi gaz natural care tranziteazã teritoriulnaþional.

PRECIZÃRI METODOLOGICE

Bunurile ce fac obiectul schimburilor internaþionale suntclasificate potrivit Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), carestã la baza tarifului vamal comunitar. Datele statisticesunt prezentate ºi pe grupe de bunuri din ClasificareaStandard de Comerþ Internaþional (CSCI, Rev.4), MarileCategorii Economice (MCE) ºi conform ClasificãriiProduselor ºi Serviciilor asociate Activitãþilor (CPSA 2015),care se stabilesc pe baza unor chei de conversie între NCºi aceste clasificãri.

International trade statistics are established by aggregatingdata from the Intrastat and Extrastat systems according tothe principle applied for the performance of European Unionstatistics:- Intrastat system: for Intra-EU trade (exchange of goodsbetween Romania and the other 27 Member States of theEuropean Union);- Extrastat system: for Extra-EU trade (exchange of goodsbetween Romania and states which are not members of theEuropean Union).

DATA SOURCE

For Intra-EU trade:Intrastat statistical declarations collected by the NIS directlyfrom the trade operators which achieved a value volume ofintra-community dispatches of goods or/and a volume ofintra-community arrivals of goods above the Intrastatthresholds established for each reference flow and whichmeet the conditions stipulated by Law No. 422/2006.

The percentage of the Intrastat collected data through theIntrastat statistical survey was of over 95.0% of the totaltrade volume, both for intra-community arrivals anddispatches of goods. Data estimations were performed forthe rest of the 5.0% representing the trade value below theIntrastat thresholds and the non-responses.

For Extra-EU trade: The National Agency for FiscalAdministration (NAFA) which collects and processes exportand import customs declarations.

Data on the international trade of goods with electricityand natural gas are collected on statistical forms by the NISfrom importing/exporting companies and from networkoperators (CN Transelectrica SA and SNTGN Transgaz SA).Transit of electricity and natural gas is not included in theinternational trade of goods statistics.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Goods wich are object of international exchanges areclassified according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN),on which the community customs tariff is based. Statisticaldata are also presented by commodity groups of StandardInternational Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 4), of BroadEconomic Categories (BEC) and according to theClassification of Product by Activities (CPA 2015) which areestablished based on conversion keys between the CN andthese classifications.

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Sfera de cuprindere:

Comerþul Intra-UE cuprinde expedierile de bunuri dinRomânia cu destinaþia alt stat membru UE ºi introducerilede bunuri în România provenind din alt stat membru UE.Expedierile din România includ:- bunuri în liberã circulaþie care pãrãsesc teritoriulstatistic al României cu destinaþia alt stat membru UE;- bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamalã deprelucrare activã (în interiorul þãrii) sau prelucrare subcontrol vamal în România ºi care sunt destinate altor statemembre UE.Introducerile în România includ:- bunuri în liberã circulaþie într-un stat membru UE careintrã pe teritoriul statistic al României;- bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamalã deprelucrare activã sau prelucrare sub control vamal în altstat membru UE ºi care intrã pe teritoriul statistic alRomâniei.

Comerþul Extra-UE cuprinde: schimburile de bunuri întreRomânia ºi statele nemembre UE, având ca obiect:importul direct de bunuri pentru consum, bunurileimportate scoase din antrepozitele vamale sau zonelelibere pentru a fi puse în consum, exportul de bunuri deorigine naþionalã, precum ºi exportul de bunuriimportate, declarate pentru consumul intern.Se cuprind de asemenea:- importurile temporare de bunuri strãine pentruprelucrare activã (în interiorul þãrii);- exporturile de produse compensatoare rezultate dupãprelucrarea activã;- exporturile temporare de bunuri pentru prelucrarepasivã (prelucrare în alte þãri);- importurile de produse compensatoare rezultatedupã prelucrarea în afara þãrii ºi bunurile importate sauexportate în sistemul de leasing financiar (la valoareaintegralã a bunurilor);- quasi-exporturile, pentru care sunt întocmite, lafrontiera naþionalã, declaraþii vamale de export aferentetranzacþiilor internaþionale ale operatorilor economicinerezidenþi.

Nu sunt cuprinse în comerþul internaþional: bunurile întranzit, bunurile temporar admise/scoase în/din þarã (cuexcepþia celor pentru prelucrare), bunurile achiziþionatede organizaþii internaþionale pentru utilizãri proprii înRomânia, bunurile pentru ºi dupã reparaþii ºi piesele deschimb aferente.

Valoarea bunurilor exportate ºi importate se stabileºtepe baza preþurilor efective FOB la exporturi ºi a preþurilorefective CIF la importuri.

The scope:

Intra-EU Trade includes the exchange of goods betweenRomania and another EU member state and the arrival ofgoods to Romania from another EU member state.Dispatches from Romania include:- goods under free circulation which leave the statisticalterritory of Romania for another EU member state;- goods which have been placed under customs procedurefor active processing (within the country) or processingunder customs control in Romania and which are intendedfor other EU member states.Arrivals to Romania include:- goods under free circulation in another EU member statewhich enters the Romanian statistical territory;- goods which have been placed under customsprocedure for active processing or processing undercustoms control in another EU member state entering theRomanian statistical territory.

For Extra-EU trade: the exchange of goods betweenRomania and non-member EU states are included, havingas object: the direct import of goods for consumption, theimported goods released for consumption from customwarehouses or free zones, the export of national goods andthe export of imported goods declared for internalconsumption.The following are also included: - temporary imports of foreign goods for active processing(within the country);- exports of goods which result after the active processing;

- temporary exports of goods for passive processing(processing in other countries);- imports of goods, resulting after the processing outsidethe country and imported or exported goods into thefinancial leasing system ( goods at full value);

- quasi-exports, for which there are drafted, at thenational border, export customs declarations associatedwith the international transactions of the non-residenteconomic operators.

The international trade does not include: goods intransit, goods temporarily admitted/released in/from thecountry (except those in view of processing), goodspurchased by international organizations for own use inRomania, goods for and after repairs and related spareparts.

The value of exported and imported goods is establishedbased on actual FOB prices for exports and on actual CIFprices for imports.

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Preþul FOB (în limba englezã Free on Board - Liber labord) reprezintã preþul la frontiera þãrii exportatoare, careinclude valoarea bunului, precum ºi costul transportuluiºi asigurãrii acestuia pânã la frontiera þãrii exportatoare.

Preþul CIF (în limba englezã Cost, Insurance, Freight -Cost, Asigurare, Navlu) reprezintã preþul la frontiera þãriiimportatoare, care cuprinde atât elementele componenteale preþului FOB, cât ºi costurile asigurãrii ºi transportuluiinternaþional pânã la frontiera þãrii importatoare.

Datele valorice sunt exprimate în lei, euro ºi dolari SUA.Conversia în euro, respectiv în dolari SUA, a datelorvalorice exprimate în lei (colectate prin declaraþiilestatistice Intrastat ºi declaraþiile vamale), se face utilizând:- cursul de schimb mediu lunar leu/euro, respectivleu/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naþionalã a României,pentru sistemul Intrastat;- cursul de schimb leu/euro, respectiv leu/dolar,comunicat de Banca Naþionalã a României pentrupenultima zi de miercuri a lunii, pentru sistemul Extrastat.

Indicii valorici ai exporturilor ºi importurilor s-audeterminat pe baza datelor exprimate în euro.

Indicii valorii unitare pentru export ºi import secalculeazã având la bazã valorile unitare (medii)exprimate în euro, pentru un nomenclator de bunurireprezentative din Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), la nivelde 8 cifre, conform formulei Paasche.Pentru agregarea indicilor de valori unitare calculaþi lanivel de 8 cifre pe diverse nivele din NC ºi total exporturi,respectiv total importuri, se utilizeazã ca element deponderare valoarea bunurilor din perioada curentã.Baza de calcul utilizatã pentru calculul indicilor de valoriunitare este anul precedent, iar indicii de valori unitare cualte baze se calculeazã prin înlãnþuire.

Datele cantitative sunt exprimate în general în „tone”, iarpentru unele bunuri în unitãþi de mãsurã specifice (bucãþi,m3, kwh, etc.), prevãzute în Nomenclatorul Combinat.

Gruparea exporturilor/importurilor pe moduri detransport se realizeazã pe baza naþionalitãþii mijloculuide transport care trece frontiera de stat cu bunurileexportate/importate.

Repartizarea pe þãri a schimburilor internaþionale debunuri se realizeazã astfel: - pentru comerþul Intra-UE pe baza principiului „þarade destinaþie” (la expedieri) ºi „þara de expediere”(la introduceri); - pentru comerþul Extra-UE pe baza principiului „þarade destinaþie” (la export) ºi „þara de origine” (la import,

FOB price (Free on Board) represents the price at the borderof the exporting country, the value of goods included andthe cost of its transportation and insurance to the border ofthe exporting country.

CIF price (Cost, Insurance, Freight) represents the price atthe border of the importing country, including both thecomponents of the FOB price and the insurance andinternational transport costs to the border of the importingcountry.

Value data are expressed in lei, euro and USD. Theconversion of the data in lei (collected through Intrastatstatistical declarations and custom declarations) into euroand USD respectively, is done using:- the average monthly exchange rate leu/euro, leu/USD,respectively, published by the National Bank of Romania, forthe Intrastat system;- the exchange rate leu/euro, leu/USD, respectively,published by National Bank of Romania for the Wednesdaybefore the last one of the month, for the Extrastat system.

Value indices of exports and imports were determinedbased on the data expressed in euro.

Unit value indices for international trade are calculatedbased on the average unit values, expressed in euro, for arepresentative goods nomenclature from the CombinedNomenclature (CN), at an 8 digit level, according to Paascheformula.For the aggregation of unit value indices, calculated at an 8digit level, on different levels, from the CN and total exports,total imports respectively, the goods value from the currentperiod are used as weighting element.The calculation base used to calculate the unit value indicesis the previous year and the unit value indices with otherbases are calculated by chaining.

Quantitative data are generally presented in “tonnes” andfor some goods in specific measurement units (pieces, m3,kwh, a.s.o.), according to the Combined Nomenclature.

Grouping of exports/imports by modes of transport iscarried out on the basis of the nationality of the means oftransport crossing the state border with goodsexported/imported.

International trade in goods are distributed bycountries as follows:- for Intra-EU trade, based on the principle “country ofdestination” (for dispatches) and “country of dispatch”(for arrivals);- for Extra-EU trade, based on the principle “country ofdestination” (for exports) and “country of origin” (for

15

cu excepþia cazului în care þara de origine este un statmembru UE - caz în care se ia în considerare þara deexpediere).

Se considerã „þara de destinaþie” þara în care bunurile vorfi consumate, „þara de expediere” þara din care bunurileau fost expediate ºi „þara de origine” þara în care a fostprodus bunul sau în care bunul a suferit ultimatransformare substanþialã.

Gruparea þãrilor pe continente ºi pe zone economice seface conform recomandãrilor Oficiului de Statisticã alUniunii Europene (EUROSTAT). Grupãrile pe þãri auurmãtoarea componenþã:

- Uniunea Europeanã (UE): Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria,Republica Cehã, Cipru, Croaþia, Danemarca, Estonia,Finlanda, Franþa, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Letonia,Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Regatul Unit, Olanda,Polonia, Portugalia, România, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania,Suedia, Ungaria.

- Asociaþia Europeanã a Liberului Schimb (AELS):Islanda, Norvegia, Elveþia, Liechtenstein.

- Organizaþia þãrilor Exportatoare de Petrol (OPEC):Algeria, Angola, Arabia Sauditã, Ecuador, Emiratele ArabeUnite, Gabon, Irak, Republica Islamicã Iran, Kuweit, Libia,Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela.

- OECD (exclusiv UE): Statele Unite, Canada, Japonia,Australia, Noua Zeelandã, Turcia, Mexic, Islanda,Norvegia, Elveþia, Coreea de Sud, Insulele VirgineAmericane, Chile, Israel.

- Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI): Armenia,Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Kazahstan, Kirghizstan, RepublicaMoldova, Federaþia Rusã, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan,Ucraina, Uzbekistan.

- Þãri din bazinul mediteranean (exclusiv UE):Albania, Bosnia ºi Herþegovina, Algeria, Egipt, Gibraltar,Israel, Iordania, Liban, Libia, Maroc, Fosta RepublicãIugoslavã a Macedoniei, Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate,Siria, Tunisia, Turcia, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Muntenegru,Serbia.

Diferenþele între datele pe total ºi valorile obþinutedin însumarea diverselor structuri utilizate suntdatorate rotunjirilor.

Datele pentru anul 2016 au fost revizuite faþã de celepublicate anterior ºi au caracter definitiv.Datele pentru anul 2017 au caracter semidefinitiv.

imports, except for the situation when the country of originis a EU Member State – when the country of expedition istaken into consideration).

“Country of destination” is considered the country wheregoods will be consumed, “country of dispatch” the countrythe goods were dispatched from and “country of origin” isthe country where the commodity was produced orunderwent the last substantial transformation.

The grouping of countries by continents and economiczones is done according to the recommendations of theEuropean Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). Theeconomic groups by countries have the following structure:

- The European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,Czech Republic, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Hungary.

- The European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Iceland,Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein.

- The Organization of Petroleum Exporter Countries(OPEC): Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, UnitedArabian Emirates, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Republic Islamic of,Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela.

- OECD (EU excluded): United States, Canada, Japan,Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, Mexico, Iceland, Norway,Switzerland, South Korea, Virgin Islands (United States),Chile, Israel.

- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Moldova, Republic of, Russian Federation, Tajikistan,Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

- Countries from the Mediterranean Area (EUexcluded): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Algeria,Egypt, Gibraltar, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco,Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, OccupiedPalestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ceuta, Kosovo,Melilla, Montenegro, Serbia.

The differences between total data and data obtainedby cumulating the different structures used are due tothe roundings performed.

Data for 2016 were revised from those previouslypublished and are considered as final.The data for 2017 are considered as semi-final.

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COMERÞUL INTERNAÞIONAL CU BUNURI ALROMÂNIEI ÎN ANUL 2017

1. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri

Exporturile FOB de bunuri au înregistrat în anul 2017 ovaloare de 62644 milioane euro (în creºtere cu 9,2% faþã deanul 2016), iar importurile CIF au fost de 75604 milioaneeuro (în creºtere cu 12,2% faþã de anul 2016), soldulbalanþei comerciale FOB-CIF fiind de -12960 milioane euro.

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EXPORTURILE (FOB), IMPORTURILE (CIF) ªI SOLDUL OPERAÞIUNILOR DE COMERÞ INTERNAÞIONAL (FOB/CIF)EXPORTS (FOB), IMPORTS (CIF) AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE BALANCE (FOB/CIF)

2. Exporturile de bunuri pe principalele secþiuni dinNomenclatorul Combinat

În structura exporturilor din anul 2017, ºase din celedouãzeci ºi douã de secþiuni din NomenclatorulCombinat deþin împreunã 72,8% din totalul exporturilor,dupã cum urmeazã: maºini, aparate ºi echipamenteelectrice, aparate de înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetulºi imaginile (28,5%); mijloace ºi materiale de transport(18,0%); metale comune ºi articole din acestea (8,5%);materiale textile ºi articole din acestea (6,5%); materialeplastice, cauciuc ºi articole din acestea (5,7%); produsevegetale (5,6%).

Principalele modificãri structurale în evoluþiaexporturilor în anul 2017 faþã de anul 2016 constau în: - majorarea ponderilor în total exporturi pentruurmãtoarele secþiuni din NC: instrumente ºi aparateoptice, fotografice, cinematografice, medico-chirurgicale ºi similare; ceasuri; instrumente muzicale;pãrþi ºi accesorii ale acestora (+1,2 puncte procentuale

ROMANIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS, IN THEYEAR 2017

1. International trade of goods

The FOB exports of goods recorded a total amount of 62644million euro (up by 9.2% compared to year 2016) in 2017,while CIF imports were 75604 million euro (up by 12.2%compared to 2016), the FOB-CIF trade balance being -12960 million euro.

2. Exports of goods by the main sections of theCombined Nomenclature

In the structure of 2017 exports, six of the twenty-twosections of the Combined Nomenclature hold together72.8% of total exports, as follows: machinery andmechanical appliances, electrical equipment, sound andimage recorders and reproducers (28.5%); vehicles andassociated transport equipments (18.0%); base metals andarticles of based metals (8.5%); textiles and textile articles(6.5%); plastics, rubber and articles thereof (5.7%);vegetable products (5.6%).

The main structural changes occuring in the evolution ofexports in 2017 as against 2016 refer to: - an increase of weight in total exports for the following CNsections: optical, photographic, cinematographic, medicalor surgical instruments and apparatus and similar; clocksand watches; musical instruments; parts and accessoriesthereof (+1.2 percentage points in 2017 compared to 2016);

17

în anul 2017 faþã de anul 2016); metale comune ºiarticole din acestea (+0,7 puncte procentuale); mijloaceºi materiale de transport (+0,4 puncte procentuale);- diminuarea ponderilor în total exporturi la urmãtoarelesecþiuni din NC: maºini, aparate ºi echipamente electrice,aparate de înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetul ºiimaginile (-0,9 puncte procentuale în anul 2017 faþã deanul 2016); materiale textile ºi articole din acestea (-0,6puncte procentuale); produse vegetale (-0,4 puncteprocentuale).

EXPORTURILE PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATEXPORTS BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

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3. Importurile de bunuri pe principalele sectiuni dinNomenclatorul Combinat

În structura importurilor din anul 2017, ºase din celedouãzeci ºi douã de secþiuni din NomenclatorulCombinat deþin împreunã 72,4% din totalul importurilor,dupã cum urmeazã: maºini, aparate ºi echipamenteelectrice, aparate de înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetulºi imaginile (27,8%); metale comune ºi articole dinacestea (10,5%); mijloace ºi materiale de transport(9,9%); produse chimice (9,8%); materiale plastice,cauciuc ºi articole din acestea (7,3%); produse minerale(7,1%).

base metals and articles of based metals (+0.7 percentagepoints); vehicles and associated transport equipments(+0.4 percentage points);- a decrease of weight in total exports for the following CNsections: machinery and mechanical appliances, electricalequipment, sound and image recorders and reproducers (-0.9 percentage points in 2017 compared to 2016); textilesand textile articles (-0.6 percentage points); vegetableproducts (-0.4 percentage points).

3. Imports of goods by the main sections of theCombined Nomenclature

In the structure of 2017 imports, six of the twenty-twosections of the Combined Nomenclature hold together72.4% of total imports, as follows: machinery andmechanical appliances, electrical equipment, sound andimage recorders and reproducers (27.8%); base metals andarticles of based metals (10.5%); vehicles and associatedtransport equipments (9.9%); chemical products (9.8%);plastics, rubber and articles thereof (7.3%); mineralproducts (7.1%).

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4. Soldul balanþei comerciale (FOB/CIF) peprincipalele secþiuni din Nomenclatorul Combinat

Deficite de peste 1 miliard euro au fost înregistrate înanul 2017 la urmãtoarele secþiuni din NomenclatorulCombinat: produse chimice (-5314 milioane euro);maºini, aparate ºi echipamente electrice, aparate deînregistrat sau de reprodus sunetul ºi imaginile (-3172milioane euro); produse minerale (-2919 milioane euro);metale comune ºi articole din acestea (-2634 milioaneeuro); materiale plastice, cauciuc ºi articole din acestea (-1943 milioane euro); produse alimentare, bãuturi ºitutun (-1400 milioane euro).

4. Trade balance (FOB/CIF) by the main sections of theCombined Nomenclature

Deficits of over 1 billion euro were recorded in 2017 for thefollowing sections of the Combined Nomenclature:chemical products (-5314 million euro); machinery andmechanical appliances, electrical equipment, sound andimage recorders and reproducers (-3172 million euro);mineral products (-2919 million euro); base metals andarticles of base metals (-2634 million euro); plastics, rubberand articles thereof (-1943 million euro); preparedfoodstuffs, beverages and tobacco (-1400 million euro).

Faþã de anul 2016, principalele modificãri structurale înevoluþia importurilor din anul 2017 constau în:- majorarea ponderilor în total importuri pentrusecþiunile NC: produse minerale (+0,9 puncteprocentuale în anul 2017 faþã de anul 2016); metalecomune ºi articole din acestea (+0,5 puncte procentuale); - diminuarea ponderii în total importuri pentru secþiuneaNC: materiale textile ºi articole din acestea (-0,6 puncteprocentuale în anul 2017 faþã de anul 2016).

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IMPORTURILE PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATIMPORTS BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

The main structural changes, occuring in the evolution ofimports in 2017 compared to 2016, refer to:- a growing weight in total imports for the following CN

sections: mineral products (+0.9 percentage points in 2017compared to 2016); base metals and articles of basedmetals (+0.5 percentage points);- a weight reduction in total imports for the CN sections:textiles and textile articles (-0.6 percentage points in 2017compared to 2016).

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EXCEDENTUL COMERCIAL (FOB/CIF) PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATBALANCE SURPLUS (FOB/CIF) BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

Excedente de peste 1 miliard euro au fost înregistrate înanul 2017 la urmãtoarele secþiuni din NomenclatorulCombinat: mijloace ºi materiale de transport (3796milioane euro); produse vegetale (1107 milioane euro).

Balance surplus of over 1 billion euro were recorded in 2017for the following sections of the Combined Nomenclature:vehicles and associated transport equipment (3796 millioneuro); vegetable products (1107 million euro).

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DEFICITUL COMERCIAL(FOB/CIF) PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATTRADE DEFICIT (FOB/CIF) BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

5. Comerþul internaþional cu bunuri pe principaleleþãri partenere

România a avut în anul 2017 relaþii comerciale cu 214þãri. Cu toate acestea, majoritatea comerþuluiinternaþional este axat pe câteva þãri parteneredominante. În anul 2017, cele mai importante 10 pieþe

5. International trade of goods by main partnercountries

In 2017, Romania had commercial relationships with 214countries. However, most of the international trade isfocused on few dominant trading partners. In 2017, the tenlargest export markets represented 65.4% of the total

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de export au reprezentat 65,4% din totalul exporturilorRomâniei, în timp ce primele 10 þãri partenere la importau realizat 67,8% din totalul importurilor. Ca orientare geograficã a exporturilor din anul 2017,principala destinaþie o reprezintã în continuare statelemembre ale Uniunii Europene, care deþin 75,8% dinvaloarea exporturilor. De asemenea, principala zonã deprovenienþã a importurilor o reprezintã tot statelemembre ale Uniunii Europene, care deþin o pondere de75,8% din total importuri.

Romanian exports, while the first ten import partnersrepresented 67.8% of the total imports.

As to the geographical distribution of exports in 2017, themain destination of goods is still represented by theMember States of the European Union, which hold 75.8% ofthe value of exports. At the same time, the main area ofimports is represented also by the Member States of theEuropean Union, which hold 75.8% of the total value ofimports.

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CU ÞÃRILE DIN AFARA UNIUNII EUROPENEWITH NON-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

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EXPORTURILE (FOB), IMPORTURILE (CIF) ªI SOLDUL OPERAÞIUNILOR DE COMERÞ INTERNAÞIONAL (FOB/CIF)EXPORTS (FOB), IMPORTS (CIF) AND TRADE BALANCE (FOB/CIF)

CU UNIUNEA EUROPEANÃ (UE)WITH EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

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ORIENTAREA GEOGRAFICÃ A EXPORTURILOR ROMÂNIEI ÎN ANUL 2017GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ROMANIAN EXPORTS IN 2017

Comerþul cu restul þãrilor lumii, în afara statelor membreale Uniunii Europene, este distribuit în principal întrecelelalte þãri ale Europei (10,4% din exporturi ºi 11,1%din importuri), Asia (6,6% din exporturi ºi 10,0% dinimporturi), Africa (3,4% din exporturi ºi 0,7% dinimporturi), America (3,0% din exporturi ºi 2,4% dinimporturi) ºi Oceania (0,7% din exporturi ºi sub 0,05%din importuri).

The trade with the other countries of the world, apart fromMember States of the European Union, is divided mainlybetween the other European countries (10.4% of exportsand 11.1% of imports), Asia (6.6% of exports and 10.0% ofimports), Africa (3.4% of exports and 0.7% of imports),America (3.0% of exports and 2.4% of imports) and Oceania(0.7% of exports and under 0.05% of imports).

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ORIENTAREA GEOGRAFICÃ A IMPORTURILOR ROMÂNIEI ÎN ANUL 2017GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ROMANIAN IMPORTS IN 2017

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Modificãrile în topul primelor zece þãri partenere laexport în anul 2017 comparativ cu anul 2016 sunturmãtoarele:- Polonia a devansat Spania, urcând de pe locul 9 pelocul 8;- Spania a coborât de pe locul 8 pe locul 9.

Exporturile României cãtre Germania cuprind o marediversitate de produse, dintre care se evidenþiazã înordine: maºini, aparate ºi echipamente electrice, aparatede înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetul ºi imaginile;mijloace ºi materiale de transport; metale comune ºiarticole din acestea; instrumente ºi aparate optice,fotografice, cinematografice, medico-chirurgicale ºisimilare; instrumente muzicale; pãrþi ºi accesorii aleacestora; materiale textile ºi articole din acestea;materiale plastice, cauciuc ºi articole din acestea.

Compared to 2016, in 2017, the following changesoccurred in the top ten export partners countries ofRomania: - Poland exceeded Spain, climbing from the 9th place tothe 8th; - Spain fell down from the 8th position on the 9th.

The Romanian exports to Germany include a great varietyof goods, from which the following can be highlighted inthis order: machinery, electrical appliances andequipments, sound and image recorders and reproducers;vehicles and associated transport equipments; base metalsand articles of based metals; optical, photographic,cinematographic, medical or surgical instrument andapparatus and similar; clocks and watches; musicalinstruments; parts and accessories thereof; textiles andtextile articles; plastics, rubber and articles thereof.

În ceea ce priveºte ierarhia principalilor partenericomerciali ai României, Germania ºi Italia îºi pãstreazã ºiîn anul 2017 poziþiile de lideri ai acestei ierarhii,cumulând o pondere de 31,9% în comerþul internaþionalal României.

5.1. Exportul de bunuri pe principalele þãri partenere

Regarding the ranking of the main trading partners ofRomania, Germany and Italy still keep their leadershippositions in 2017, cumulating a weight of 31.9% of theRomanian international trade.

5.1. Export of goods by main partner countries

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PRINCIPALELE ÞÃRI PARTENERE LA EXPORT ÎN ANUL 2017MAIN EXPORT PARTNER COUNTRIES IN 2017

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În relaþia cu Italia, exporturile României acoperã o gamãlargã de produse, dintre care se evidenþiazã în ordine:maºini, aparate ºi echipamente electrice, aparate deînregistrat sau de reprodus sunetul ºi imaginile;materiale textile ºi articole din acestea; încãlþãminte,pãlãrii, umbrele ºi articole similare; mijloace ºi materialede transport; metale comune ºi articole din acestea;produse alimentare, bãuturi ºi tutun.

In the relationship with Italy, Romanian exports cover awide range of goods, from which the following arehighlighted in this order: machinery and mechanicalappliances, electrical equipment, sound and imagerecorders and reproducers; textiles and textile articles;footwear, headgear and umbrellas; vehicles and associatedtransport equipments; base metals and articles of basedmetals; prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco.

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EXPORTURILE CÃTRE GERMANIA, PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATEXPORTS TO GERMANY, BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

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EXPORTURILE CÃTRE ITALIA, PE PRINCIPALELE SECÞIUNI DIN NOMENCLATORUL COMBINATEXPORTS TO ITALY, BY THE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE COMBINED NOMENCLATURE

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Pe locul 4 în topul þãrilor partenere la export se situeazãUngaria, valoarea exporturilor fiind cu 1,3% mai micã înanul 2017 faþã de anul 2016. Exporturile cãtre Ungariaconstau în principal în: maºini, aparate ºi echipamenteelectrice, aparate de înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetulºi imaginile; metale comune ºi articole din acestea;mijloace ºi materiale de transport; produse minerale;materiale plastice, cauciuc ºi articole din acestea;produse chimice.

The 4th place in the classification of export partnercountries is held by Hungary, the value of exportsdecreasing by 1.3% in 2017 compared to 2016. The mostfrequent products for exports are: machinery, electricalappliances and equipments, sound and image recordersand reproducers; base metals and articles of based metals;vehicles and associated transport equipments; mineralproducts; plastics, rubber and articles thereof; chemicalproducts.

Franþa se situeazã pe locul 3 în topul þãrilor partenere laexport, valoarea exporturilor cãtre aceastã þarã fiind înanul 2017 cu 2,4% mai mare faþã de anul precedent.Produsele cele mai frecvent comercializate suntreprezentate de: maºini, aparate ºi echipamenteelectrice, aparate de înregistrat sau de reprodus sunetulºi imaginile; mijloace ºi materiale de transport; materialetextile ºi articole din acestea.

France holds the 3rd place in the classification of exportpartner countries, the value of exports to this countryincreasing in 2017 by 2.4% compared to the previousyea

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