beJituri enabeJituri ena · 2011-03-04 · weli 1866 1886 1894 1916 1926 1873 190 8 1927 1920 1959...

nodar ardotelinodar ardotelinodar ardotelinodar ardoteli

beJituri enabeJituri enabeJituri enabeJituri ena

(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni)

T b i l i s iT b i l i s iT b i l i s iT b i l i s i

2 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 0

3

s a r C e v i

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

enisa da xalxis saxelwodeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

beJitelebisa (beJitel-hunzibelebisa) da beJituri enis gavrcele-

bis are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

beJitelebis raodenoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

beJituri ena da misi dialeqtebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

mokle istoriuli cnobebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

sameurneo yofa-cxovreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

sulieri kultura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

fonologia

Tavi I

beJituri enis fonologiuri struqtura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

xmovanTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

martivi xmovnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

nazalizebuli xmovnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

grZeli xmovnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

hiatusis sakiTxisaTvis beJitur enaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

sonantTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

TanxmovanTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

nawili II

morfologia

Tavi III

gramatikuli klasis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

gramatikuli klasebis sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

gramatikuli klasebi da maTi niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

klasifikatorTa distribuciisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

gramatikuli klasis kategoria atributivebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4

gramatikuli klasis niSani infiqsad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

gramatikuli klasis garCevis sxva saSualebani . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47

Tavi IV

gramatikuli ricxvis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49

ricxvi zogadad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba arsebiT saxelebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

mravlobiTi ricxvis gansazRvruli formebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

atributul saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba . . . . . . . . . .

55

Tavi V

saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56

arsebiTi saxelis bruneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

ZiriTadi brunvebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

sabrunebeli saxelis fuZe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

brunebis tipebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

sakuTar saxelTa bruneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

ZiriTad brunvaTa funqciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

lokatiuri brunvebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

lokatiur brunvaTa warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

lokatiur brunvaTa funqciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

zedsarTavi saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

zedsarTavi saxelis jgufebi da maTi warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

gansazRvrulobis gamoxatva zedsarTavebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

xarisxebis warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

ricxviTi saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

zogadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

ricxviTi saxelebis warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

rTuli ricxviTi saxelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

5

ricxviTi saxelebis bruneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

piris nacvalsaxelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

urTierTobiTi nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Tavi V

zmna

zogadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis gamoxatva zmnaSi . . . . . . . . . . . 106

uRvlilebis tipebi: klasovani, klasovan-pirovani . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

gardamavlobis sakiTxisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

gardamavlobisa da gvaris urTierTobisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

aspeqtis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

kauzativi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

kauzativis sinTezuri warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

kauzativis analizuri warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

dro-kiloTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

sauRlebeli zmnis fuZe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

infinitivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

supinumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

droTa sinTezuri formebis warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

awmyo ZiriTadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

awmyo zogadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

myofadi dro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

namyo ZiriTadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

6

droTa analizuri formebis warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

awmyo konkretulis formebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

namyo SedegobiTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

namyo uwyveteli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

winare namyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

namyo gangrZobiTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

namyo ZiriTadis TurmeobiTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

namyo uwyvetlis TurmeobiTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

kilos kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

brZanebiTi kilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

pirobiTi kilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

natvriTi kilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

awmyos absolutivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

namyo absolutivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153

udetrebi

zogadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

zmnisarTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

zmnisarTi struqturis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Tandebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

nawilaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Sorisdebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

sintaqsi

Tavi VI

saxeluri Sesityvebis (atributuli sintagmis) analizi . . . . . . . . 168

sintaqsis sagani da mizani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

atributuli sintagmis komponentTa Tanamimdevrobis sakiTxi . . . 169

atributuli sintagmis wevrTa sintaqsuri urTierToba . . . . . . . . 171

SeTanxmeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

zmnisarTuli Sesityveba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

7

gaTiSuli saxeluri Sesityveba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

181

Tavi VII

zmnuri Sesityvebis (predikatuli sintagmis) analizi . . . . . . . . .

183

predikatuli sintagmis wevrTa wyobis sakiTxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

valentoba da zmnuri Sesityvebis komponentTa kavSiri . . . . . . . . 184

gardamavali zmnis aqtantTa urTierTdamokidebuleba da zmnasTan

kavSiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

188

sintaqsuri konstruqciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

nominatiuri konstruqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

ergatiuli konstruqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

datiuri konstruqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

posesiuri (naTesaobiTiani) konstruqciis problema . . . . . . . . . . 192

lokatiuri konstruqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

beJituri (beJitur-hunziburi) teqstebi

I. sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

leqs-simRerebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

wes-Cveulebani, ambavaebi, zRaprebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

andazebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

212

II. hunziburi dialeqti

leqs-simRerebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

wes-Cveulebani, ambavaebi, zRaprebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

andazebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

beJitur-qarTuli leqsikoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

9

Sesavali

1. enisa da xalxis saxelwodeba. beJituri (resp. beJitur-hunziburi)

ena miekuTvneba daRestnis xunZur-andiur-didour enaTa didour (ceziur)

qvejgufs. specialur literaturaSi sakvlevi enis saxelwodebad, `beJi-

turi~-s (resp. `beJturi~-s) garda, gvxvdeba: a) kapuWuri1 (kapuWur-hunzibu-

ri), 2. xvanuri.

xvanuri, kapuWuris analogiurad, eTnikur saxels (xunZ. x½…an2 `xvani~,

x½…an-al `xvanelebi~) efuZneba.

istoriulad, qarTvelebi ceziebis, hinuxelebis, beJitel-hunzibele-

bis aRsaniSnavad iyenebdnen saerTo mniSvnelobis eTnonims `didouri~

(plinius ufrosi), `diduroi~ (k. ptoleme) [ix. imnaiSvili 1963: V; xali-

lovi 1995: 14; ardoteli 2007: 9].

1 eTnonimi `kapuWi~, romelsac emyareba enis saxelwodeba, specialur

literaturaSi orgvarad aris axsnili: a) kapuWi <*qafu-Ci <*qafur-Ci <*gabur-Ci

<*giavur-Ci [lomTaZe 1996: 22]; b) kapuWi <*yapuCi < tyapuWi [xalilovi 1995, 14]. m.

xalilovis etimologiisas, Tavi rom davaneboT semantikur Seusabamobas (usulo

sazogado arsebiT saxelTagan eTnonimebis warmoeba Cveulebriv ar xdeba), fonetikuri

aspeqtiTac miuRebelia. beJituri enis fonotaqtikis mixedviT, qarT. tyapuWi beJiturad

orgvarad SeiZleba gardaqmniliyo: 1) xmovnis CarTviT: tiyapuWi (Sdr. Wiyanti < qarT.

Wyanti, karamiti < qarT. kramiti...); 2. anlautSi proTetuli xmovnis darTviT: ityapuWi

(Sdr. iSTofi < qarT. Stofi...).

rac Seexeba e. lomTaZiseul axsnas, ar aris aucilebeli kapuWi-s giavur-Ci-ze

dayvana. qafurCi `qarTveli“ (ùrjulo kaci~) gamoiyenebda SebrunebiT beJitelis

aRsaniSnavad, fonetikur gardaqmnaTa gradacia ase warmoidgineba: qafurCi >*qafuCi

>*kafuCi (q > k Sdr. xaS. koxi < qarT. qoxi) > kapuWi (C > W _ asimilaciiT).

sagulisxmoa, rom qarT. saist. wyaroebSi Tavs iCens kabuWi < kapuWi.

2 xunZ. x½…½…½…½…an-s paralelebi eZebneba monaTesave andiur (bagv., Wam...) da didour

enebSi. igi SeuniSnavT jer kidev a. komarovs [1959: 69] da r. erkerts [1888: 292]. am

eTnikuri saxelis Sesaxeb specialurad msjelobs e. lomTaZe [1996: 25-26].

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom xunZur-andiur-didour enaTa folklorSi `xvanelebi~

gaigivebulia daRestnis mTian nawilSi mcxovreb xalxebTan da maTi saerTo

saxelwodebaa. saanalizo eTnonimis genezisi sakvlevia (Sdr. xunZ. x½…an-i `cxeni~). xunZ.

x½…an-al (`xvanebi~) x½…an-i (`cxenoba~) formasTan dakavSireba sarwmuno ar Cans

[luguevi, mahomedovi 1994: 9].

10

amJamad terminad beJituri, gansakuTrebiT ucxoel mkvlevarTa na-

SromebSi, sayovelTaod damkvidrda, Tumca mis gverdiT beJturi-c1 ika-

rafs gzas. eTnonimi beJt¾asa (`beJiteli~) genezisurad ukavSirdeba beJ

(`baki~) Zirs romlisaganac I seriis esivis -t¾a formantis darTviT aris

nawarmoebi: beJ-t¾a `farexze~, `SemoRobilSi~. TviTsaxelwodeba beJ-t¾a-sa

`beJitel-el-i~ (zedmiw. beJtla-dan).

hunzibeli xalxis aRsaniSnavad specialuri eTnikuri saxeli, xva-

nel-is garda, ar gvxvdeba. marTalia, n. mari beJitel-hunzibelebis aRsa-

niSnavad eTnonim qibur- (qibural‘´) (qiburuli ena) formas iyenebs, Tumca

mas ar gaurkvevia, qiburi hunzibebelsac gulisxmobda Tu ara. amJamad be-

Jitelebs xunZebi eZaxian beJt¾¾¾¾-al, didoelebi _ qiburi, xvarSielebi _ qa-

bala. savaraudoa, saistorio wyaroebSi dadasturebuli eTnonimi kapuWi

gamoxatavda ara oden sakuTriv beJitelebs, aramed aRniSnavda beJitur-

hunzibur enebze molaparake xalxebs, vinaidan igi metad zogadi semaniti-

kiT gamoiyeneboda.2

hunzibeli xalxisa da hunziburi dialeqtis aRsaniSnavi termini mi-

Rebulia erT-erTi mTavari aulis hunzib saxelwodebidan.3 SedarebiT iS-

viaTad gamoiyeneboda naxaduri ena (aul naxadas mixedviT), romelic Cvens

naSromSi hunziburi dialeqtis erT-erT Tqmas niSnavs.

2. beJitelebisa (beJitel-hunzibelebisa) da beJituri enis gavrcele-

bis are. beJitel-hunzibeli xalxis gansaxelebis areali daRestnis ma-

RalmTianeTSi _ md. xvanoris (beJ. qanÄor, hunz. x½…½…½…½…anÄor `xvaTa mdinare~,

Semdeg mierTvis md. avariis yoisus) da mis patara Senakadebis xeobebSi

mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1,600-2,200 metrze. es teritoria moqceulia kav-

1 beJituri qarTuli gaformebaa beJturisa da misi gamoyeneba da gavrceleba e.

bokarevs ukavSirdeba. beJituris xmarebas didi tradicia rom ar hqondes, ufro

marTebuli iqneboda beJitauri (Sdr. karata-karatauli...).

2 sagulisxmoa, rom i. giuldenStedti kapuWas da didos mxares cal-calke

moaixseniebs, xolo i. bagrationi mas ufro toponimis (`kapuWi anu antara“) iyenebs.

3 winamorbed mkvlevarTa naSromebSi gvxvdeba nairsaxeobebi: hunzaluri, enzeburi,

xunzaluri da a. S.

11

kasionis wyalgamyofi mTagrexilis CrdiloeT kalTebsa da miCitlis

qeds Soris. maT yvarlis r-nis sof. axalsofels 50-mde kilometri aSo-

rebs, xolo daRestnis dedaqalaq mahaCyalas _ 293 km.

beJitel-hunzibelTa ZiriTadi nawili kompaqturad cxovrobs wuntis

r.-Si, Tavis istoriul miwa-wyalze. beJitelebis gansaxlebis areali

Semoifargleba sami auliT: beJtla (qarT. beJita, kapuWi, xaSarxota1 (resp.

xoCarxota) da tladal (qarT. qalaqi). hunzibelebic sam sofelSi cxov-

roben: hunzibSi2 (resp. hunzeb, hunzi, enZeb), nahadasa (nah>adasa) da Rar-

buTlSi.

aulTa zemomoyvanili saxelwodebani xunZuria. Tavis mSobliur ena-

ze maT ase gamoTqvamen da weren: 1. beJt¾a, bezt¾a (bejt¾a, bezt¾a, бежкьа, безкьа);

2. t¾adala (tádala, тладал), 3. ÃaSar-Ão || ÃoSar-Ãota || ÃoCar-Ãota (qaSar-qo ||

qosɶar-qota || qoCar-qota, хъошар-хъо || хъошар-хъот|а || хъочар-хъот|а); 4. hont¾o

(Hont¾o, Гьонкьо); 5. nixalal‘a (Nixalal‘a, Нихалалъа); 6. himodquro (Himodkuro,

Гьимодкуро); 7. darbal (Darbal, Дарбал); 8. rodor (Rodor, Родор); 9. helaa

(hel‰) (Helaa, Гьелаа); 10. Todor (Todor, Тодор).3

zemoCamoTlili beJituri aulebi (beJtla, xaSarxota da tladali)

ganlagebulia subalpur zonaSi, md. xvanoris marjvena mxareze,4 xolo

marcxena mxareze gaSenebulia hunziburi aulebi (hunzibi, nahada da Rar-

buTli). es aulebi hunzibidan xuTi-Svidi kilometriT arian daSorebuli

da erTiandebian tladalis sasoflo administraciaSi.

beJitel-hunzibelTa miwa-wyals aRmosavleTidan ankratlis (ant¾-

`Svidi~, rat¾ `miwa~, Sdr. unyratli: unyo òTxi~, rat¾ "id".) Temis aulebi

(anwroso, Tlebeli, buguni...) esazRvreba, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ anwu-

1 beJ. ÃaSarÃo-ta < ÃaSar `pirs~ + Ão `boli~ > `kvamli~ > `saxli~ + xunZ. –ta <

tad `zed.~ uwin beJtlas mcxovrebTa winaprebs oÃoWala-Si ucxovriaT, sadac axla

martooden nangrevebia.

2 aul hunzibSive erTiandeba xutorebi: hel‰, rodol da hiliada [bokarevi 1959, 14].

3 bolo sami xutoria da hunzibis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis, xolo meoTxe (darbal)

amJamad dangreulia.

4 beJita da xaSarxota mdinaris orsave mxarezea gaSenebuli.

12

xuri aulebia, samxreTidan dausaxlebeli mTebi da xeobebi ekvris kavka-

sionis wyalgamyof qedamde, romelic axalsofelsa da sarusos gadaRma

mdebareobs.

beJitelebi1 daRestnis maRalmTianeTis avtoqTonuri mosaxleobaa da

dRevandel miwa-wyalze uxsovari droidan mosaxleoben, rasac mowmobs

mikrotoponimebi da arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad mopovebuli mona-

cemebi.

garda wuntis raionisa, romelic dResdReobiT beJiteli xalxis Zi-

riTad gansaxlebis adgilad iTvleba, isini, sxvadasxvagvari da araer-

Tdrouli migraciuli procesebis gamo, sxva teritoriazec cxovroben.

saqarTveloSi beJitelebi kompaqturad mosaxleoben yvarlis r-nis

or sofelSi _ Cantlisyuresa (beJitelebi, xaSarxotelebi, tladalale-

lebi) da sarusoSi (naxadelebi, RarbuTlelebi).2

Tavdapirvelad beJitelebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze TiTo-orola

komlis saxiT gadmosvla da damkvidreba unda daewyoT kavkasiis erov-

nul-ganmaTavisuflebeli omis dasrulebis Semdeg, XIX s.-is 60-iani wle-

bidan. manamde, saomari moqmedebebis gamo, saamiso pirobebi ar iqneboda,

vinaidan mTavari gzebi da uReltexilebi mefis ruseTis jarebs gadaketi-

li hqondaT [Sdr. luguevi, mahomedovi 1994: 29-30]. mogvianebiT, XIX s.-is

90-iani wlebidan, maT unda daewyoT kompaqturi dasaxleba yvarlis r.-nis

areSis sofsabWos teritoriaze [dawvr. ix. lomTaZe 1996: 16-18].

beJitelebi daRestanSi sxvadasxva adgilas gadasaxldnen da damkvid-

rdnen. isini metwilad mosaxleoben babaiurTis (karauzekisa da kaCalais

dasaxlebebSi), yiziliurTis (novostalsksa da komsomolskoeSi), yizla-

ris (vperedSi, ribalkasa da zareCnoeSi) raionebSi, agreTve kabalsa da

tabaxColSi (azerbaijanis respublika). maTi umniSvnelo raodenoba ara-

kompaqturad cxovrobs mahaCyalasa da aRmosavleT TurqeTis zog qalaq-

1 terminebi `beJitelebi~ da `beJituri~ am xalxisa da maTi dedaenis mniSvnelobiT

aqac da qvemoTac gamoyenebul iqneba farTo mniSvnelobiT, romelSic `hunzibelebi~ da

`hunziburic~ moiazreba.

2 hunzibelebi cxovrobdnen sof. TxiliswaroSi, romlebic wina saukunis 90-iani

wlebis damdegs Tavisi iniciativiT gadasaxldnen daRestanSi _ hunzibSi, stalskoesa

da SuSanovkaSi.

13

Si. beJitelebi TurqeTSi gadasaxlebulan didoelebTan (cezebTan) erTad

XIX s.-is meore naxevarSi, kavkasiis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli omis

Semdeg (daaxl. 1861-1877 ww.).

3. beJitelebis raodenoba. beJitelebi anTropologiurad kavkasiis

didi eropeidul rasaSi Semaval winaaziuri rasis kavkasiur variants mi-

ekuTvnebian. sxva didoel xalxebTan (cezebi, hinuxelebi, xvarSielebi) Se-

darebiT Savgvremani iersaxiT gamoirCevian, saSualo simaRlisani arian,

aqvT maRali da viwro saxe. ZiriTadad gabatonebulia monogamia, Tumca

gvxvdeba poligamiis faqtebi, rac yidviTi qorwinebis Sedegia. SeiniSneba

agreTve leviratisa da sororatis gadmonaSTebi. qorwineba metwilad

soflis (Temis) SigniT xdeba. fesvgadgmulia sisxlis aRebis ZvelTaZve-

li adaTi.

beJitelTa ojaxebi metwilad mravalSviliania da, bunebrivia, maTi

raodenoba intensiurad izrdeboda. amisi dasturia is faqti, rom mxo-

lod sakuTriv beJitelebis ricxvi 1868 wlidan XX s.-is 10-iani wlebis

bolomde TiTqmis 2,5-jer 1700-dan 4050 sulamde gaizarda.

1926 wlis sakavSiro aRweris Semdeg beJitelebi, sxva andiel-dido-

elTa analogiurad, oficialurad xunZebad (resp. avarielebad) aRiricxe-

bian, rac, bunebrivia, arTulebs maTi zusti kontingentis dadgenas. zemo-

naxsenebi sirTulis miuxedavad, SevecdebiT qronologiuri tabulis sa-

xiT warmovadginoT maTi demografiuli monacemebi sakavSiro aRwerisa

Tu winamorbed mkvlevarTa kerZo aRricxvis mixedviT.

beJitelTa raodenoba

kerZo aRricxvis Sedegebi aRweris sa-

xeoba

aRweris

Sedegebi

sakavSiro aRweris

Sedegebi

a. komarovi

a. diri

n. mari

i. zarubini

e. bokarevi

h. van den ber-

gi

m. xal

ilovi

weli 1868 1926 1939 1873 1920 1959 1927 1992 1995

raodenoba 1700 2549 4500 1700 2500 7000 7000 10000

14

hunzibelTa raodenoba

kerZo aRricxvis Sedegebi aRweris

saxeoba

aRweris

Sedegebi

sakavSiro aRweris

Sedegebi

a. komarovi

a. diri

i. zarubini

n. mari

e. bokarevi

h.

van

den

bergi

i. isayovi,

m. xal

ilovi

weli 1866 1886 1894 1916 1926 1873 190

8

1927 1920 1959 1992 2001

raodenoba 568 426 450 479 600 600 2000 1400

4. beJituri ena da misi dialeqtebi. beJituri (resp. beJitur-hunzibu-

ri) enis Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas vxvde-

biT: erTni [bokarevi 1959: 5; madieva 1965: 3... ix. Sesw. ist.] beJitursa da

hunziburs sxvadasxva enad miiCneven, sxvani [Ciqobava 1965: 10; lomTaZe 1996:

26...]. maT dialeqtebad Tvlian da aerTianeben erT (beJitur, resp. beJitur-

hunzibur) enad.

Tu zemoxsenebul or enobriv erTeuls mkacri komparativistuli

kriteriumiT mivudgebiT, maSin beJituri da hunziburi, e. lomTaZis Tval-

sazrisisda kvalad, unda ganvixiloT, rogorc erTi enis ori dialeqti

[ix. ardoteli 2009: 33]. marTalia, beJituri da hunziburi enobrivi erTeu-

lebis cvlilebani enis ierarqiis yvela doneze sakmaod TvalsaCinoa,1

magram maTi miCneva dialeqtebad savsebiT SesaZlebelia.

beJitur enaSi, Cveni dakvirvebiT, gairCeva ori dialeqti: a) sakuTriv

beJituri da b) hunziburi. Tavis mxriv, sak. beJitur dialeqtSi SeiZleba

gamoiyos sami kilokavi, romlebic erTmaneTisagan met-naklebad gansxvav-

debian: a) tladaluri, b) xaSarxutuli da g) beJturi.

rac Seexeba hunzibur dialeqts, pirobiTad SeiZleba gamoiyos ori

Tqma: a) RarbuTlur-nahaduri da b) sak. hunziburi.

beJituri ena udamwerlobo enaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba. beJitel-hunzi-

belebi samwerlobo-saurTierTo enad (Lingua franca) xunZurs iyeneben. beJi-

1 winamdebare monografia swored amgvar enobriv cvlilebaTa koeficientis

dadgenis cdac aris.

15

telebi xunZursa da rusuls (saqarTveloSi _ qarTuls) skolaSi iTvise-

ben. amJamad dawyebiTsa da saSualo skolebSi, agreTve umaRles saswav-

leblebSi swavla-ganaTlebas rusul enaze euflebian. yvarlis raionis

sof. Cantlisyuresa da sarusoSi skolaSi swavleba qarTulad mimdinare-

obs. beJitur skolebSi xunZuri IV klasidan iswavleba, rogorc sagani.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, beJitur-hunziburi ena martooden ojax-

Si da maT mSobliur aulebSi am enaze mosaubreTa Soris gamosayenebeli

enaa (aqac maT SeuZliaT xunZurad, rusuladn an qarTulad1 imetyvelon).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom beJitelebi (gansakuTrebiT hunzibelebi) arian po-

liglotebi _ dedaenis garda, ician xunZuri, rusuli da qarTuli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom presaSi xunZurad da rusulad qveyndeba werilebi,

radio-televizia garkveul dros uTmobs gadacemebs xunZur enaze, Teat-

raluri warmodgenebi xunZur enaze imarTeba, rac iwvevs eniT, sarwmunoe-

biT, yofa-cxovrebiT, wesCveulebiTa da kulturis axlomdgomi, saerTo

warmomavlobis xalxebis konsolidacias. mimdinareobs Zlieri konvergen-

ciuli procesebi, romlebic Tavis daRs asvams beJitur enas. rusuli da

xunZuri enis intensiuri eqspansiis pirobebSi beJituri ena TandaTan

Tmobs poziciebs da gaqrobis piras aris misuli. amitom metad saSuria

am enis Sesaxeb, rac SeiZleba, meti dokumentaciis Seqmna.

5. mokle istoriuli cnobebi. beJitelebi, romlebic werilobiT wya-

roebsa da istoriul-eTnografiul literaturaSi kapuWebisa da xvanebis

saxeliT arian cnobili, amJamindel teritoriaze didi xnidan cxovroben

da iTvlebian aborigen mosaxleobad. eTnonimi `kapuWi~ jer kidev ax. w.

Sua saukuneebSi iCens Tavs Zv. arabul geografiaSi, romlis saxelwode-

bac aris `malTabruni~. manamde beJitelebi iseve, rogorc sxva didouri

modgmis mcirericxovani xalxebi (cezebi, hinuxelebi, xvarSielebi) anti-

kur, qarTul da somxur wyaroebSi moixseniebian saxelwodebiT `dido~

(`diduroi~, `diduri~, `didi~, `diduvanic~-i...). beJitelebis aRniSnul te-

ritoriaze arsebobas `diduroi~ eTnonimiT gvamcnobs pliniusi (Cv. w. 29-

1 istoriulad beJitelebma kargad icodnen qarTuli ena, rac Sepirobebuli iyo

politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri garemoebebiT. a. berJe wers, rom anwuxsa da

kapuWSi `xunZuris garda, qarTuladac laparakobeno~ [beJe 1959: 260].

16

79). amasve adasturebs k. ptoleme (Cv. w. 120-176), roca didoebs TuSeTis

mimdebare miwa-wyalze asaxelebs: `kavkasiisa da keraunis mTebs Soris

cxovroben tuskebi (TuSebi?) da didurebi~ [luguevi, mahomedovi 1994: 10].

istoriul-arqeologiuri, eTnologiuri da toponimuri masalis ana-

lizi cxadyofs, rom beJitelebis istoriuli sacxovrisi amJamindel te-

ritoriaze arsebobda ukve ax. w. I saukunidan da didos tomTa politi-

kur konfederaciaSi kapuWelebi aqtiur rols TamaSobdnen.

istoriografiaSi sabolood ar aris gadawyvetili, beJitelebi Sedi-

odnen Tu ara seriris feodalur samefSi (V-XIII s.s.), romelic umTavre-

sad xunZur teritorias moicavda. specialur literaturaSi gamoTqmulia

mosazreba ax. w. Sua saukuneebSi XIV s.-mde maTi damoukideblobis Sesaxeb

[luguevi, mahomedovi 1994: 14-15], Tumca am Tvalsazrisis gaziareba Wirs.

amave avtorebis safuZvliani mosazrebiT, didoelebi seriris samefoSi ar

erTiandebodnen, vinaidan isini saqarTvelos ymadnaficebi iyvnen.

zogadad, didoebis, konkretulad ki beJitelebis saqarTvelosTan

mWidro politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri kavSiri aSkaraa V s.-dan.

V-VI s.s.-Si Zlierdeba qarTvelebis misioneruli moRvaweoba daRestnis

maRalmTianeTSi qristianobis gasavrceleblad. cnobilia, rom didoeTi

am periodSi nekresis saepiskoposos SemadgenlobaSi iyo.

X s.-dan didoeTis politikuri da ekonomikuri kavSiri saqarTvelos

samefosTan Zlierdeba. kvirike didi qorepiskoposis (1010-1037 w.w.) cnobiT,

didoeTi Storis saerisTavoSi Sedis daviT aRmaSeneblis mefobisas (1089-

1125 w.w.) beJitelebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen saqarTvelos gareSe da-

mpyroblebis _ selCukebis _ winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. XII-XIII s.s.-Si beJite-

lebi sxva didoel xalxebTan erTad saqarTvelos ymadnaficebi gaxdnen

da mefe Tamaris Zlieri marTva-gamgeobis qveS moeqcnen.

beJitelebi iseve, rogorc didoeTis sxva dalxebi da saqarTvelos

mTielebi (fxovelebi) xarks uxdidnen samefo xelisuflebas, rac xalxSi

ukmayofilebas iwvevda. amiT Cans gamowveuli 1212 wels fxovTan erTad

sayovelTao ajanyeba centraluri xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg. 1212 wlis

zafxulSi mefe Tamaris regularulma jarma daamarcxa amboxebulebi da

sastikad gausworda maT. ajanyebulebs mouwiaT xarkis gadaxda, mZevle-

bis micema da qristianuli aRmsareblobisadmi erTguleba. am avbediT mo-

17

vlenebis anarekli Cans TliaraTis r-Si dadasturebuli toponimi `Tamar

maidan~-i da didour enaSi Semonaxuli frTiani fraza: `Tamar dedfales

eh>en woxl'o deber! `dae, Tamar dedoflis lodma dagitanos Sen!~

Tamar-mefis brwyinvale epoqis Semdeg, Cingis-xanisa da Temur-lengis

TaTar-monRolTa Semosevebma XIII-XIV ss-Si saqarTvelos samefo sagrZnob-

lad daasusta. erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlis Semdeg (XV s. II na-

xevari) didoeTi politikurad da ekonomikurad kaxeTis samefos qveSev-

rdomi gaxda.

swored am xanebidan (XV s.) unda momxdariyo didoeTis, rogorc po-

litikuri gaerTianebis, daSla. beJitelebma, hunzibelebma da anwuxelebma

am regionSi Seqmnes mZlavri da mdidari politikuri gaerTianeba ankl-

ratlSi anwuxo-beJitis saxeliT cnobili, romelsac xarks didoelebic

(cezebic) uxdidnen. ceziebma am xarkis gadaxdisagan ganTavisufleba sru-

lad XVIII s.-is Sua xanebSiRa moaxerxes. XVI-XVIII s.-Si iranisa da Turqe-

Tis saqarTveloSi agresiam, saqarTvelos samefo daSlamde miiyvana. Tur-

qeTisa da iranis eqspansiis gaZlierebis Sedegad daRestnis mTianeTi, po-

litikuri TvalsazrisiT, mTlianad moswyda saqarTvelos, Tumca savaWro

ekonomiur urTierToba garkveulwilad SenarCunebul iqna.

swored Turqul-iranuli eqspansia, iyo is ZiriTadi mizezi, ramac

daarRvia kavkasiis xalxebs Soris keTilmezobluri urTierToba da isini

erTmaneTs mtrad gadahkida.

XVIII s.-is Sua xanebSi anwux-beJitis konfederacia daiSala calkeul

samxedro-politikur kavSirebad.

XIX s.-is 40-iani wlebidan beJitelebi aqtiurad Caebnen imam Samilis

TaosnobiT carizmis ruseTis winaaRmdeg gamarTul erovnul-ganmaTavi-

suflebel omSi, romelic 1859 wels marcxiT damTavrda. daRestnis da-

pyrobis Semdeg, 1861 wels beJitis sanaibo SeuerTda Runibis okrugs, xo-

lo hunzibelebi gamoeyvnen beJtis sanaibos da Seqmnes enzebis soflis

TemTa kavSiri. amis Semdeg saqarTvelosTan TandaTan aRsdga didi xniT

gawyvetili savaWro-ekonomikuri kavSiri da moixsna blokada, romelic

carizmis ruseTTan omis gamo hqondaT dawesebuli.

cnobilia, rom meore msoflio omis dros, 1944 wlis martSi moxda

CeCeni da inguSi xalxis deportacia centralur aziaSi. maTi istoriuli

18

miwa-wyali daunawilda saqarTvelos, daRestnis, CrdiloeT oseTsa da

stavropolis mxares. CeCneTis yofil respublikaSi _ vedenos, ritlabisa

da qurCalais raionebSi _ 5000 sulamde daRestneli gadaasaxles, maT

Soris iyvnen yvela hunziburi aulis mkvidrni da beJitelebis umravleso-

ba. migracia Seexo yvarlis r-nis beJitur mosaxleobasac, romelTa xan-

dazmuli warmomadgenlebi axla emociurad yvebian saqarTvelodan gada-

saxlebisas naxuli da gancdili ambebis Sesaxeb. maT erTi dRiT adre af-

rTxilebdnen gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb da amitom saTanado momzadeba ar es-

wreboda. daRestnis mTianeTidan daniSnulebis adgilamde 10 dRis savali

gzaa da bevri maTgani gzaSi iRupeboda. mTis bunebaSi gazrdilebs gau-

WirdaT baris klimatisadmi da sakvebisadmi Segueba, rac iwvevda malari-

asa da sabolood sikvdils [dawvr. ix. van den bergi 1994: 10-12].

gadasaxlebulTa nawili TandaTanobiT tovebda CeCneTs da ubrunde-

boda Tavis istoriul miwa-wyals. 1957 wels, CeCen-inguSTa reabilitaciis

Semdeg, beJitel-hunzibelTa nawili mahaCyalis maxlobel raionebSi gada-

saxlda, xolo ufro didi nawili daubrunda wuntis r-Si mSobliur ad-

gil-garemos, garkveuli nawili ki kvlav saqarTveloSi dasaxlda.

6. sameurneo yofa-cxovreba. beJitelebi, eTnologiuri TvalsazrisiT

da sameurneo cxovrebis specifikiT didad ar gansxvavdebian daRestnis

sxva axlomonaTesave xalxebisagan. isini metwilad mesaqonleobasa da mi-

waTmoqmedebas misdeven. istoriulad ufro gavrcelebuli momTabare mesa-

qonleoba iyo, gansakuTrebiT meti yuradReba eqceoda mecxvareobas, rome-

lic ganviTarebis maRal doneze idga. amis utyuari mowmea beJituri enis

mecxoveleobis mdidari terminologia, romelSic dasturdeba araerTi

specifikuri termini. mesaqonleoba beJitelTaTvis sasicocxlod mniSvne-

lovani dargi iyo, radganac iZleoda sakvebsa da tansacmel-fexsacmeli-

saTvis aucilebel masalas. garda amisa, am xalxebis CveulebiTi samar-

Tlis normebi da marTlmsajuleba mesaqonleobaze, rogorc sagadasaxa-

do formaze, iyo damyarebuli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom beJitelebi ricxvmraval farebs zafxulobiT

mTis ialaRebze aZovebdnen, xolo zamTarSi _ kaxeTis sazamTro saZov-

rebze.

19

beJitelTa sameurneo cxovrebaSi gamorCeuli adgili ekava mecxeneo-

bas. cxeni iyo gadasaadgileblad erTaderTi mosaxerxebeli saSualeba.

kaxeTidan mZime tvirTic cxenis meSveobiT mohqondaT, saxedari ki am sa-

qmisTvis naklebad gamosadegi iyo da SedarebiT naklebadac xdeboda misi

moSeneba.

unda iTqvas, rom beJitelebi ZvelTaganve misdevdnen tyavis, xis, qvis,

rkinis da Tixis damuSavebas. marTalia, Tavdapirvelad es yvelaferi kus-

taruli wesiT mzaddeboda, magram TandaTanobiT, am nakeTobaTa warmoeba-

sa, gacvlis matebasa da vaWrobasTan erTad, moxda xelosnobis Camoyali-

beba. yovel aulSi iyvnen saxnisebis, uRlis, Toxebisa da farcxis xel-

marjve ostatebi. garda amisa, mamakacTagan zogi samWedlo saqmes misdev-

da, zogs kalatozoba emarjveboda, zogs ki mkalaoba exerxeboda. qalTa

tradiciul saqmed ki odidganve iTvleboda matylis damuSaveba _ CeCva,

rTva da qsova.

7. sulieri kultura. unda aRiniSnos, rom beJiteli xalxis sulieri

kultura mdidari da mravalferovania. marTalia, es xalxi amJamad mus-

limebi arian, Tumca istoiulad iyvnen warmarTebica da mogvianebiT qris-

tianebic. amitom rwmena-warmodgenebSi da folklorSi areklilia wina

saukuneTa manZilze fesvgadgmuli religiebis kvali. udamwerlobo enaTa

matarebeli xalxebis zepirsityvierebis sxvadasxva JanrSi1 _ zRaprebsa

da simRerebSi, gadmocemebsa da legendebSi, andazebsa da gamocanebSi _

asaxulia xalxis sanukvari idealebi, maTi msoflxedva da msoflaRqma,

maTi ocnebebi da warmodgenebi bunebriv movlenebze, adamianTa urTier-

Tobebze, keTilsa da borotze, lxinsa da Wirze da a. S.

mTaTa wiaRSi saukuneobiT cxovreba daRestnis mTielebs aiZulebda

eZiaT da miegnoT im uebari saidumloebebisaTvis, rasac adamianTa mkurna-

lobis saSualebebi hqvia. saxalxo medicina am mxareSi maRal doneze

mdgara, rac araerT mogzaurs aRuniSnavs. mkurnali eqimbaSebi, emyarebod-

nen ra winaparTa empiriul codna-gamocdilebas, warmatebiT mkurnalob-

dnen avadmyofebs. xalxuri medicinis codna memkvidreobiT gadaecemoda

1 zepirsityvierebis Sesaxeb qvemoT teqstebTan dakavSirebiT specialurad gveqneba

msjeloba [ix.].

20

Taobidan Taobas da did samsaxurs uwevda adgilobriv mkvidrT.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, warmarTuli rwmenis kvali calkeuli ele-

mentebisa da reliqtis saxiT dResac SemorCenilia, Tumca muslimanoba

axla mTlianad aris gabatonebuli. saukuneebis manZilze ori msoflio

religia _ qristianoba (V s.-dan) da islami (VIII s.-dan) _ etoqeboda da

avrcelebda Tavis eqspansias daRestanSi. unda iTqvas, rom qristianuli

dogmebi ufro metad iyo gavrcelebuli, vidre muslimanuri. metadre es

iTqmis XI-XIII ss.-ze, rodesac saqarTvelo aRmavlobis apogeaSi iyo da

Tavis eqspansias daRestnis mniSvnelovan nawilze avrcelebda. XV s.-Si

islammac intensiurad daiwyo gavrceleba. miuxedavad amisa, didoel xal-

xebSi, maT Soris, beJitelTa rwmena-warmodgenebSi wamyvani adgili mainc

warmarTobas eWira. es imiTac iyo Sepirobebuli, rom am xalxebma (gansa-

kuTrebiT cezebma, hinuxelebma da xvarSielebma) muslimanoba Zalian gvi-

an miiRes. XIX s.-Si didoelTa ideologiur sferoSi batonobda sinkre-

tizmi, romelSic wamyvani adgili ukve islams eWira, sakmaod TvalsaCi-

nod iyo warmodgenili warmarTuli wesCveulebani, xolo qristianoba re-

liqtis saxiT Tavs iCenda calkeul ritualebSi.

cnobilia, rom daRestanSi islami erTdroulad ar gavrcelebula.

Tavdapirvelad igi vrceldeboda samxreT da aRmosavleT daRestnis bar-

Si, Semdeg xunZeTSi (xunZaxi, Runibi...), xunZebi ki cdilobdnen islami ga-

evrcelebinaT ankratlisa da kapuWis TemebSi. XVIII s.-Si beJitel mosax-

leobaSi islami nawilobriv iyo gavrcelebuli. islamis gavrcelebaze,

qarTuli qristianobis eqspansiis Semcirebis pirobebSi, dasavleT daRes-

tnis mTianeTSi didi gavlena unda moexdina imam Samilis brZolas, rome-

lic SariaTs efuZvneboda. Tavad am evronul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZo-

lis mxedarTmTavari _ imami Samili islamis dogmebis Tavgamodebuli Se-

msrulebeli da damcveli iyo. amitom igi am ideologias _ giaurTa wina-

aRmdeg brZolis erT-erT iaraRs _ cecxliTa da maxviliT avrcelebda

daRestnis maRalmTianeTSi mobinadre xalxebSic.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdReobiT beJitel-hunzibelebi suniti mus-

limebi arian, mkacrad asruleben yuranis dogmebs, romlebic TvalsaCi-

nod saxecvlilia, Tumca maTi dacva savaldebulod iTvleba. amJamad

axalgazrda Taoba naklebad erkveva religiur literaturaSi, magram xan-

21

dazmulebi Cinebulad kiTxuloben yuransa da sxva sasuliero wignebs

arabul enaze.

8. beJitur-hunziburi enis fonematuri Sedgeniloba rTulia. gansa-

kuTrebiT es iTqmis vokalur sistemaze, sadac specifikuri xmovnebi mrav-

lad dasturdeba. saxeldobr, beJitur-hunziburi enis hunzibur dialeqt-

Si 24 xmovani mogvepoveba, beJitur dialeqtSi ki _ 18 xmovani. sada xmov-

nebis garda, romlebic orsave dialeqts axasiaTebs, dasturdeba grZeli,

nazalizebuli, umlautiani, e. w. iracionaluri ˆ, viwro labializebulia

(–) da a-sken gadaxrili Ria o(oɺ) (hunz. dial.).

rac Seexeba konsonantur sistemas, igi, xmovanTa sistemasTan Sedare-

biT, gacilebiT martivia. beJitur-hunziburSi araferi dasturdeba iseTi,

romelic sxva didour enebSi ar mogvepovebodes (Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT

yru spirant x½-s arsebobas hunzibur dialeqtSi, rac axali movlenaa da

xunZuris intensiur gavlenas unda mieweros).

amrigad, beJturi dialeqtis TanxmovanTa sistemaSi 34 Tanxmovanfone-

ma ganirCeva, xolo hunziburi 35 Tanxmovans gviCvenebs.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, warmovadgenT beJitur-hunziburi enis

satranskrifcio niSnebis sinoptikur tabulas.

22

tabula # 1

## qarTuli laTinuri rusuli ## qarTuli laTinuri rusuli 1 a a а 33 o ɺn oɺn ãɺ 2 ‰ ā ā 34 p p п׀

3 an an ã 35 J j ж 4 – ă а ɺ 36 r r р

5 –ɸ ă ɸ ā ɺ 37 s s с

6 –n ăn ãɺ 38 t t т׀

7 � ä ä 39 t¾ t¾ кь

8 b b б 40 u u у 9 g g г 41 î uɸ у ɸ 10 d d д 42 un un у ɶ 11 e e э 43 ‘ ‘

у ɻ 12 Š e э ɸ 44 f p п

13 en en э ɶ 45 q k к

14 v v в 46 R y гъ 15 z z з 47 y K къ 16 T t т 48 S S ш 17 i i и 49 C C ч 18 ‹ ī и ɸ 50 c c ц

19 in in и ɶ 51 w w ц´

20 k k к52 ׀ W y ч´ 21 l l л 53 x x х 22 l‘ l‘ лъ 54 x½ x‘ хь

23 l' l' л55 ׀ Ã q хъ 24 m m м 56 h h гь 25 n n н 57 h> h> х´ 26 Á � й 58 Ä „ г´ 27 o o о 59 ‡ ‡ ъ

28 Œ ō ō

29 on on õ 30 ÷ ö ö

31 o ɺ oɺ а ɺ

32 o ɺɸ oɺɸ ā ɺ

23

nawili I

fofofofononononolololologiagiagiagia

Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I

beJituri enis fonologiuri struqturabeJituri enis fonologiuri struqturabeJituri enis fonologiuri struqturabeJituri enis fonologiuri struqtura

1. 1. xmovanTa sistemaxmovanTa sistemaxmovanTa sistemaxmovanTa sistema. . . . beJituri enisorive dialeqtis vokalur sistemaSi

ocdaaTamde xmovan-fonemas iTvlian [bokarevi 1959: 16, 68; hamzaTovi 1972:

155-160; lomTaZe 1994: 11-13; van den bergi 1995: 21-22; xalilovi 1995: 389;

isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 259...]. amasTanave, ar aris dadgenili grZeli

nazalizebuli xmovnebis fonemuri statusi [lomTaZe 1994: 12; ardoteli

2009: 42].

specialur literaturaSi xmovanTa sistemis aRwerisas azrTa specialur literaturaSi xmovanTa sistemis aRwerisas azrTa specialur literaturaSi xmovanTa sistemis aRwerisas azrTa specialur literaturaSi xmovanTa sistemis aRwerisas azrTa

sxvadasxvaobsxvadasxvaobsxvadasxvaobsxvadasxvaobas vawydebiTas vawydebiTas vawydebiTas vawydebiT:::: is, vinc hunzibur dialeqts enad miiCnevs,

xmovnebsac damoukidebeli enis kvalobaze aanalizebs, xolo el. lomTaZe

sakvlevi enis orive dialeqtis monacemebs erToblivad ganixilavs, rac

boylomde Tanamimdevrli ar Cans. hunziburi dialeqti, romelic xmovanTa

sistemis metsirTules amJRavnebs, erTi sistemis farglebSi ocdaoTx xmovan-

fonemas gviCvenebs, rac faqtobriv dadgenilic aris [ix. lomTaZe 1956: 370;

1994: 11-13...]. rac Seexeba sakuTriv beJitur dialeqts, am enobriv erTeulSi

xmovanTa raodenobas gansazRvraSi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebia [lomTaZe

1994: 11-12, Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 68-69; Sdr. xalilovi 1995: 387-389].

martivimartivimartivimartivi xmovnebixmovnebixmovnebixmovnebi. . . . udavoa, rom beJituri enis sak. beJitur dialeqtSi

ganirCeva xuTi sada xmovnebi, romlebic qmnian cnobil samkuTxeds:

24

sqema 1

i u

e o

a

hunzibur dialeqts, sak. beJiturisagan gansxvavebiT, moepoveba e. w.

iracionaluri /ˆ̂̂̂/ (bˆxxubˆxxubˆxxubˆxxu `Tbili~, sˆsˆsˆsˆ `daTvi~, ˆs `Zma~, `da~...) a-sken

gadaxrili farTo, aralabialuri /––––/ (ssss–––– `mela~, ––––gggg ìs~, ssss––––r�or�or�or�o `cxeni~...) da

aralabializebuli, viwro (oɺ) (obu `mama~, goɺC àr aris~...).1 maSasadame,

hunziburi dialeqtis martiv xmovanTa sistema meti sirTuliT gamoirCeva da

SeiZleba igi gamoixatos xmovanTa kubiT:

ˆ u

i o

– oɺ

e a

zemomovanili kubis ferdebze gamoxatuli fonemebi asaxaven rogorc

lokalur igs, ise enis aweulobas. masTan, TiToeuli fonema sxva fonemas

erTi distinqciuri niSan-TvisebiT mainc upirispirdeba.2

1 eZebneba minimaluri wyvilebic: rorororo ɺɺ ɺɺWWuWWuWWuWWu civi~ _ roWWuroWWuroWWuroWWu [dawvr. ix. van den bergi 1995:

26-27]. `calieri~, bˆsabˆsabˆsabˆsa `gadwva~ _ _ _ _ bˆsbˆsbˆsbˆs–––– `Tevzi~, cancancancan `Txa~ _ cccc––––nnnn òdesRac~, TTTT––––du du du du `naRebi~ _

Todu `Tixa, ayilo~... biiiiya `codna~ _ bˆ̂̂̂ya `damSeva~.

2 met-naklebad gansxvavebuli sqema moepoveba g. maWavarians [maWavariani 1963: 143-144].

25

rac Seexeba sakvlev enaSi arsebul martiv xmovanTa realizacias, maTi

funqciuri datvirTva met-naklebad gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom

yvela zemoxsenebuli xmovani yovelgvar fonologiur poziciaSi dasturdeba

(uCveuloa intervokaluri pozicia), maTi sixSiruli koeficienti da

relevanturoba TvalSisacemia: `xmovanTa Soris yvelaze meti sixSiriT

gamoirCeva aaaa, Semdeg oooo, Semdeg ki iiii da eeee [xalilovi 1995: 389].

1.1.3. nazalizebuli xmovnebinazalizebuli xmovnebinazalizebuli xmovnebinazalizebuli xmovnebi.... heJituri enis orive dialeqtisTvis

niSandoblivia nazalizebuli xmovnebi, romlebic saTanado martivi

xmovnebisagan nazaluri tembris (elferis) siWarbiT gansxvavdebian. maTi

fonmuroba eWvs ar iwvevs, radganac minimaluri wyvilebi moepoveba, mag.: iz iz iz iz

`cixe-simagre~ _ iiiinnnnzzzz ~. `didi saceri~; 2. `yalyze~, llllÀÀÀÀeeeennnnllllÀÀÀÀ `mocvze~ _ llllÀÀÀÀelelelelÀÀÀÀ

`seli~, x÷n `futkris ska~ _ xoxoxoxo `xorci~, cacacacannnn 1. `varskvlavi~, 2. `marili~ -

cancancancan `Txa~ wowowowo `cecxli~ _ wwwwŒŒŒŒnnnn `muclis apki~ da misT. hunzibur dialeqtSi,

rogorc cnobilia, damatebiT sami nazalizebuli fonema gvaqvs: /oɺn/, /–n/, /ˆn/.

yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, hunziburi dialeqtis nazalizebul xmovanTa

sistema, romelic sak. beJituri dialeqtis xmovanTa sistemasac aerTianebs,

SeiZleba ase gamoixatos sqematurad:

in ˆn un

en –n on

oɺn

an

SeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvna:::: artikulaciurad nazalizebuli xmovnebi nairgvarobas

aramarto dialeqtebisa da Tqmebis mixedviT gviCveneben, aramed fonologiuri

poziciisa da metyvelebis nawilebis mixedviTac ki. garda amisa, axali Taobis

metyvelebaSi amgvari fonemebi naklebpovnieria, iSleba da TandaTanobiT

ordinalur xmovnebs uTanabrdeba [ix. van den bergi 1995: 21].

26

1.1.4. grZeli xmovnebigrZeli xmovnebigrZeli xmovnebigrZeli xmovnebi.... xmovanTa grZeli korelatebi gamoiyofa beJituri

enis orsave dialeqtSi da isini hiatuTan organulad Canan dakavSirebuli [ix.

ardoteli 2009: 69-70]. am rigis xmovnebi upiratesad intervokaluri

Tanxmovnis sinkopirebiT erTad Tavmoyril xmovanTa Serwymis safuZvelze

warmoqmnili xmovnebia, romlebic saTanado sada xmovnebis saartikulacio

Tvisebebs Seicaven dayovnebis mimatebiT da hiatusis superaciis erTgvar

realizatorebad gvevlinebian. amas erTgvarad migvaniSnebs maTi distribuciac

_ es xmovnebi ZiriTadad morfemaTa sazRvarze daCndebian da sxvadasxva

gramatikul formebSi arian dadasturebuli, Tumca maT aqvT fonemuri

funqcia, mag.: bisaaaa `Tevzi~ _ bis� `Tevzebi~, lÀiiii `wyali~ _ lÀ‹‹‹‹ `wyalma~da a.

S.

beJitur dialeqtSi gamoiyofa xuTi grZeli xmovani (‰‰‰‰, ŠŠŠŠ, ‹‹‹‹, ŒŒŒŒ, ��), xolo

hunzibur dialeqtSi maTi ricxvi specifikur xmovan (ŒŒŒŒ, ––––, ï) xarjze rvamde

gaizrdeba.

beJituri enis orive dialeqtis monacemTa mixedviT, xmovanTa krebsiTi

cxrili ocdaaT xmovan-fonemas iTvlis da sqematurad aseT saxes iRebs:

Sua ukana wina

arabagismieri bagismi-eri

arabagismieri bagismieri lokaluri

rigi

enis aweuloba

arag

rZe

li

grZe

li

naz

aliz

.

arag

rZe

li

grZe

li

naz

aliz

.

pal

atal

iz.

pal

atal

iz.-

naz

aliz

.

pal

atal

iz.

pal

atal

iz.-

naz

aliz

.

arag

rZe

li

grZe

li

naz

aliz

.

arag

rZe

li

grZe

li

naz

aliz

.

maRali iiii MMMM iiiinnnn HHHH '''' HHHHnnnn OOOO OOOOnnnn uuuu uuuu ɷɷ ɷɷ uuuunnnn

saSualo eeee LLLL eeeennnn ɷɷ ɷɷ nnnn nnnn oooo ɺɺ ɺɺ oooo ɺɺ ɺɺ oooo ɺɺ ɺɺnnnn oooo NNNN oooonnnn

dabali @@@@ @@@@nnnn aaaa KKKK aaaannnn

27

1.1.5. hiatusis sakiTxisaTvishiatusis sakiTxisaTvishiatusis sakiTxisaTvishiatusis sakiTxisaTvis eeeejijijijitur enatur enatur enatur enaSiSiSiSi. . . . cnobilia, rom bejituri

enis fonotaqtikisaTvis hiatusi niSandoblivi ar aris. xmovanTa TavKra arc

mis axlomonaTesave enaTaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.

bejitur enaSi hiatusis superacia xdeba intervokalur poziciaSi sonan-

tebisa (��, …………) da laringaluri abruptivis (‡‡‡‡) CarTviT, mag.: i�i�i�i�oooo `deda~,

hiiiinnnn��amu `nacari~, Ko…ao…ao…ao…a `bavSvi~, bu…u…u…u…al `keTeba~, So‡ao‡ao‡ao‡a (hunz., Sdr. bej. Soal

"id" .) `daviwKeba~ da sxva misT.

garda zemomoKvanili nimuSebisa, dasturdeba iseTi magaliTebic, romleb-

Sic hiatusi daZleuli ar aris. erTmaneTis miJriT ori xmovnis povniereba

ufro metad bejituri enis hunzibur dialeqts axasiaTebs da gvxvdeba rog-

orc Zireul morfemebSi, ise morfemaTa miJnazec, mag.: mi‰i‰i‰i‰ `dasveleba~, boooooooor

èrTgvari winda~, bogooooal‘ `mimwuxri~, inSeeeeaaaarto àxlaxan~, zaaaaiiiifab àvadmKo-

fi~, `susti~, naaaaiiiib `naibi~, siKeeeeaaaannnnKu (< qarT. ciKvi + anKu `Tagvi~) `ciKvi~ da a.

S.

hiatusi metwilad Tavs iCens neologizmebSi, mag.: radioioioio `radio~, poooo----

eeeez(d) `matarebeli~, miliciiiiaaaaner `milicioneri~, sociiiiaaaalizm `socializmi~...

SeiniSneba metad saintereso movlena iseT saxelebSi, romlebSic erTmane-

Tis mimKol nazalur xmovanTa superacia ar xdeba. es Sepirobebuli Cans in-

tervokalur poziciaSi nazaluri elementis arsebobiT. rac Seexeba odindeli

reducirebuli nazaluri Tanxmovnis nazalurobis koeficientis dadgenas, mas

eqsperimentuli kvleva-Zieba syirdeba. nazalizacia, rogorc yarbi artikula-

ciuri movlena, erTgvarad hiatusis superacias axdens, mag.: tuuuunnnnaaaa `babuawvera~,

waaaannnnaaaannnn "mSvildi~ (mSvild-isrisa, akvnisa), aaaa >> >>nnnn >> >>aaaa >> >>nnnnd‰ `gugulis xmianoba~ da misT.

m. xalilovis bejitur-rusul leqsikonSi (1995) gvxvdeba iseTi formebi,

romlebsac intervokalur poziciaSi xmovanTgamKarad ori �� aqvT, mag.: ya��a��a��a��oooo

`mrudi~, TuTa��a��a��a��aaaa àluminis feri~, di��i��i��i��aTaTaTaT `brali~, G��÷��÷��÷��÷ `daxeuli~, ba��a��a��a��aaaa

`laqa~...

28

Tu analogiur magaliTebs genezisis TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT, maSin me-

ore ��-c (�� < rrrr) rekonstruirdeba (so��a < sor�a 1. `cxeni~, 2. `talGa~...),

Tumca sinqroniul doneze an ase unda Caiweros soi�soi�soi�soi�aaaa, anda ase so�so�so�so�iaiaiaia. inter-

vokalur poziciaSi ori ��-s realizacia naklebad savaraudoa.

hiatusi ufro metad axasiaTebs saqarTveloSi warmodgenili bejituri

enis sarusosa da CantlisKuris metKvelebas, rac gamowveuli unda iKos in-

terferenciuli procesebis moqmedebiT, kerZod, hiatusis mqone qarTuli enis

zegavleniT, mag.: sof. sarusos metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba koriaiaiaia (Sdr. bej. ko��aaaa <

kor��aaaa "id" .) `beyedi~, buauauaua (Sdr. bunz. bu…au…au…au…a, bej. buŸal "id" .) `keTeba~, `gaCena~

da misT.

1.2. sonantTa sistemasonantTa sistemasonantTa sistemasonantTa sistema.... palataluri /��/-sa da wyvilbagismieri /…………/-s

distribucia gansazRvrulia _ isini realizdebian rogorc sonantebi.

swored maTi funqciuri urTierTmonacvleoba migvaniSnebs, rom /��/ da /…………/

miviCnioT `sonantebad [ix. ardoteli 2009: 145], radganac damatebiTi

distribuciis damokidebulebas avlenen [van den bergi 1995: 20].

�� daCndeba mxolod gramatikuli klasis eqsponentad da iiii-s alofonad

(iiii/��), mag.: mi dil ��-atca `me Sen (II kl.) miyvarxar~, keto bil'o �-aƒca `kargi

saxli (IV kl.) iqneba~, �accalis ÷J÷ `biZaSvili qalis vaJi~ da misT.

bolo magaliTSi {��-} daclili Cans klasifikatoruli funqciisagan da

mas xmovanTa superaciismagvari funqcia ekisreba iseve, rogorc

qvemowarmodgenil magaliTebSi: sak. beJ. i��o `deda~, wu��ab `dedali~, si��ona

àraferi~...; hunz. Si��on àrara~, di��e `Cemi~, balÀa�� `xanjali~ da a.S.

sainteresoa, rom �� kiTxviTi nawilakis funqciiTac gamoiyeneba, mag.:

hunz. i�u-oɺbu lo-�� `ded-mama gyavs?~ (xedmiw. `ded-mama arsa?~).

rac Seexeba /…………/ sonants, igi klasifikatoris garda, labializebuli

kompleqsis ZiriTad komponentadac gvxvdeba, romlis gamartiveba beJitur

29

enaSi demonstraciul xasiaTs atarebs.

labializebuli kompleqsi, romelic specialur literaturaSi

sxvadasxvagvarad aris interpretirebuli, umTavresad ori damoukidebeli

fonemis met-naklebad SemWidroebul ariTmetikul jams warmoadgens da, aqedan

gamomdinare, igi ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnes monofonemad. xunZur-andiur-

didour enaTa labializebuli kompleqsebi TvalsaCinod gansxvavdebian

afxazur-adiRur enaTa daxuruli labializebuli /gggg◦ˆ̂̂̂/, /qqqq◦/, /kkkk◦/

Tanxmovnebisagan, romelTac fonologiuri Rirebuleba aqvT.

Cven vemxrobiT im Tvalsazriss, romelic labializebuli kompleqsis

bifonemurobas uWers mxars [trubeckoi 1987: 313; Ciqobava, cercvaZe ‹982: 81;

miqailovi 1958: 29; bokarevi 1959: 67; gigineiSvili 1977: 42; gudava 1979:

28...]. C + W kompleqsis bifonemur kvalifikacias amtkicebs fonologiuri

faqtori _ n. trubeckois monofonemis dadgenis (bgeraTa fonemuri

klasifikaciis) wesebic da poziciuri fonetikuri procesebic [ardoteli

1997: 46: 47].

C + W labializebuli kompleqsi, axlomonaTesave enaTagan gansxvavebiT,

beJituri enisTvis niSandoblivi ar aris. amJamad amgvari kompleqsi beJituri

enis arcerT dialeqtsa da TqmaSi ar SeiniSneba, Tumca misi istoriuli

povniereba xelSesaxebia. C + W tipis kompleqsis distribucia beJitur enaSi,

axlomonaTesave enaTa analogiurad, anlautiT # _ V da inlautSi

intervokaluri fonologiuri poziciebiT Semoifargleboda, mag.: # _ V …o

<*RÀ…o (sak. beJ.), …– < R…– (hunz.) (Sdr. sak. did. RÀ…a: hin. R…e: xvar. RÀ…e

"id".) `dRe~; …odo <*/R…oɺdo (sak. beJ.) (Sdr. inx. RÀ…ode "id".) `dasxma~,

zuyur (<*zey…er (hun.) (Sdr. hin. zey…es "id". , sah. zoy…-a `yofna~) ìyo~...

marTalia, sxva didour enebSi labializebuli kompleqsis moSlis

SemTxvevebi araiSviaTia, magram gamartivebis procesi Tanamimdevrulad da

bolomde mxolod beJitur enaSi aris gatarebuli. bifonemuri kompleqsis

30

gamartiveba sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba.

a) auslauturi aRmavali difTongis SerwymiT, mag.: beJ. rako <*rak…a,

hunz. roɺku <*r÷ko <*rak…a (Sdr. xunZ. sak.n (<*rak…a): and. rok…o (<* rak…a):

sak. did. rok…I (asax.) `guli~, sak. beJ. muxori <*mux…ex…ex…ex…e-ro (Sdr. sak. did.

bix…ax…ax…ax…ada; sak. xvar. bix…ax…ax…ax…a�da: xunZ. ƒ…ƒ…ƒ…ƒ…eze `dakvla~) `dakla~...

b) winamavali xmovnis sakompensacio asimilaciiT: sak. beJ. boƒ <*biƒ…

(Sdr. xunZ. bay "id". , bay…aze `gamzeveba~) `mze~, hunz. zuyur < zey…er ìyo~ da

misT.

g) beJituri enis orsave dialeqtSi labializebuli kompleqsis ZiriTadi

komponentis dakargviT, mag.: sak. beJ. …odo <*R…odo (Sdr. inx. RÀ…ode "id".),

sak. beJ. …o <*R…o (Sdr. sak. did. RÀ…a�: hin. RÀ…e: xvar. RÀ…e "id".) `ZaRli~,

hunz. …–d– <*R…ada (Sdr. hin. RÀ…ade "id".) `ZaRli~ da a. S.

d) labialuri komponentis dakargviT: gandi (Sdr. g…andi "id".) òrmo~

qe…ri (Sdr. qarT. qvevri "id".) `qvevri~. R�de (Sdr. R…adi "id".) 1. `yvavi~, 2.

mkerdis naWeri (xorci)~ da sxv.

specialur literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom `labializebuli

Tanxmovnebis xunZuridan nasesxeb leqsemebSi delabializacias ganicdian~

[xalilovi 1995: 393]. unda SevniSnoT, rom labializebuli kompleqsebi

(avtoris mixedviT _ Tanxmovnebi) dlabializacias ki ar ganicdian, aramed

xdeba C + W modelis kompleqsis gamartiveba erT-erTi komponentis dakargviT

an asimilaciiT.

ismis kiTxva: ra iwvevs saanalizo kompleqsis gamartivebas?

Cveni SexedulebiT, gamartiveba inlautSi metwilad poziciuri

fonetikuri procesebiT Cans Sepirobebuli, rac zemoTac iyo naCvenebi.

rac Seexeba anlautSi labializebul kompleqsTa gamartivebas, igi

sakvlev enaTaTvis esoden damaxasiaTebeli wyvilbagismieri artikulaciis

SesustebiT Cans gamowveuli. labializebul kompleqsTa moSla realizebulia

31

ara martoden Zireul masalaSi, aramed sxva enaTagan SeTvisebul leqsikaSic,

mag.: xunZ. q…enq…enq…enq…en > beJ. qenqenqenqen `saWmeli~, qarT. RvinoRvinoRvinoRvino > beh. RinoRinoRinoRino `Rvino~ da misT.

1.3. TanxmovanTa sistemaTanxmovanTa sistemaTanxmovanTa sistemaTanxmovanTa sistema.... beJituri ena, sxva monaTesave enaTagan

gansxvavebiT, konsonanturi sistemis simartiviT gamoirCeva, rac intensiur

TanxmovanTa uqonlobiT aris gamowveuli.

konsonanturi sistemis TvalsazrisiT, beJituri enis dialeqtebs Soris

arsebiTi gansxvaveba ar aris. orsave dialeqts specifikuri Tanxmovnebidan

erTngairad axasiaTebs: 1) supraglotaluri (resp. abruptiuli) Tanxmovnebi:

/pppp/, /tttt/, /wwww/, /WWWW/, /kkkk/, /yyyy/, /‡‡‡‡/; 2) specifikuri lateralebi: spiranti /llllÀÀÀÀ/,

fSvinvieri afrikati /llll'/, abruptiuli afrikati /tttt¾¾¾¾/; 3) uvularuli

spirantebi: /„„„„/, /,/; 4) laringaluri /hhhh/; 5) hunzibur dialeqtSi SeiniSneba

palataluri spiranti /xxxx½½½½/, romelic xunZuri enis Zlieri zegavlenis Sedegi

unda iyos. nasesxeb leqsikaSi sporadulad SeiZleba mJRerma afrikatebmac (ZZZZ,

jjjj) iCinon Tavi, magram maT fonemis statusi ar moepovebaT [Sdr. lomTaZe

1956: 374].1

beJituri moklebulia daRestnur enaTa sinamdvilidan kargad cnobil

Tanxmovnebs: 1) TanxmovanTa intensiur korelatebs; 2) labializebul

Tanxmovnebs; 3) mJRer afrikatebs da 4) faringalizebul Tanxmovnebs.2

beJituri enis konsonantur sistemaSi abruptivebis arseboba da, aqedan

1 e. lomTaZe erT sibrteze svams Z, j afrikatebsa da wyvilbagismier abruptiv /pppp/-s,

romlis sixSiruli koeficienti maRalia da fonemis statusi aqvs.

2 marTalia, m. xalilovi sak. beJitur dialeqtSi faringalizebul TanxmovanTa serias

calke gamoyofs, magram maTi fonemuri funqciis sakiTxi damatebiT sarkvevia [xalilovi 1995:

390].

Seswavlis am etapze vfiqrobT, rom beJiturSi, sxva didour enaTagan gansxvavebiT,

faringalizacia ar aris fonologiuri da, amJenad, es Tanxmovnebi unda miviCnioT Sesabamis

TanxmovanTa alofonebad.

32

gamomdinare, bilabialuri, dentaluri da winavelaruli lokaluri rigebi

samwevra konebs qmnian:

ffff TTTT qqqq

bbbb kkkk dddd tttt gggg kkkk

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom enanunismieri, ukananunismieri afrikatebi,

lateralebi da zemofaringaluri xSul-mskdomebi moklebulni arian mJRer

korelatebs, orwevra opoziciiT arian warmodgenili: cccc _ wwww, CCCC _ WWWW, llll' _ tttt¾¾¾¾,

ƒƒƒƒ _ yyyy.

rac Seexebaspirantebs, maT, rogorc wesi, wyvileulebiT gvidasturdebian,

Tumca lateraluri, winavelaruli da laringaluri rigebi, mJRerTa

uqonlobis gamo, caleulebiT arian warmodgenili:

sqema 4

spirantebi

mJReri fSvinvieri

z s

J S

_ lÀ

_ x½

R x

„

‡ h

zemomoyvanil Tanxmovnebs daemateba sonorebi da beJituri enis

TanxmovanTa sistemis klasifikacia sqematurad ase gamoixateba:

33

tabula 2

Cqamierebi sonorebi

xSulebi afrikatebi spirantebi likvidi araabrup-tiuli

abruptiuli mJReri yru

warmoebis ragvaroba

lokaluri rigi

mJRer

i

fS

vinvieri

abru

ft

ivi

mart

ivi

far

ingaliz

.

mart

ivi

far

ingaliz

.

mart

ivi

far

ingaliz

.

mart

ivi

far

ingaliz

.

vibrant

i

nazal

ur

i

bilabialuri b f p m a) ena-kbilismieri d T t n b) ena-nunismieri c w z s r

winaernismierni

g) ukananunismieri C W J S

lateraluri l' t¾ l& l

Suaenismieri a) winavelaruli g q k

ukanaenismierni b) ukanavelaruli R x

uvularuli B y D R& x&

laringaluri G h

SeSeSeSeniSniSniSniSvnavnavnavna: zemomoyvanil tabulaSi afrikatebi da spirantebi cccc, wwww, zzzz, ssss si-sinebia, xolo CCCC, WWWW, JJJJ, SSSS _ SiSinebi. garda amisa, sonorebi, maTi funqciuri reali-zaciidan gamomdinare, sonanturi bunebisani ar arian.

34

nawili II

morfologia

Tavi II

gramatikuli klasis kategoria

3.1. morfologiuri kategoriebis Sesaxeb zogadad. beJitur enaSi,

sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa analogiurad, warmodgenilia aTi metyvele-

bis nawili: arsebiTi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, na-

cvalsaxeli, zmna, zmnisarTi, Tandebuli, kavSiri, nawilaki da Sorisde-

buli. morfologiisaTvis umTavresia saxelisa (igulisxmeba yovelgvari

saxeli) da zmnis korelacia, Tumca metyvelebis sxva nawilebi garkveuli

gramatikuli niSnebis matarebelni arian da maTvis kuTvnil funqcias as-

ruleben. rogorc cnobilia, metyvelebis amgvari wevrebi (zmnisarTi, Tan-

debuli, kavSiri, nawilaki, Sorisdebuli) udetrebis jgufSi erTiandebi-

an [SaniZe 1980: 34].

beJituri enis morfologiis birTvs warmoadgens gramatikuli klas-ka-

tegoria, romelic mTlianad gamsWvalavs morfologiur struqturas da sa-

ziaroa saxelisa da zmnisaTvis. klas-kategoriis gareSe morfologiisa da

sintaqsis sakvanZo sakiTxebis kvleva SeuZlebelia. klasifikatori Tavisi

arsiT bifunqciuria _ klasis eqsponentiT markirebuli zmna ricxvsac

gamoxatavs.

gramatikuli klasis katgoria garCeulia atributul saxelebSic,

romlebic sazRvruls eTanxmebian klassa da ricxvSi. klasifikatorebi

gvxvdeba rogorc prefiqsad (ZiriTadad), ise infiqsad da sufiqsad (na-

klebad).

beJitur enisTvis niSandoblivia fleqsiac da derivaciac. brunebaSi

gairCeva ZiriTadi da lokatiuri brunvebi. TvalSisacemia adgilobiTi

brunvaTa simravle, romlebic erTgvarad anazRaureben TandebulTa sim-

cires. amasTanave, saxels moepoveba ricxvis kategoria, romelic specia-

luri bolosarTebiT iwarmoeba.

35

zmnas aqvs drois, kilos, ricxvis, kauzativis, aspeqtis, potenciali-

sis kategoriebi. hunzibur dialeqtSi SeiniSneba piris kategoriis Canasa-

xi. Camoyalibebulia gvaris organul formaTa binaruli opozicia, rac

zmnis stabilizacias miewereba.

prefiqsacia gramatikuli klasis kategoriisaTvis aris damaxasiaTe-

beli, danarCen kategoriebs sufiqsuri warmoeba moepovebaT.

3.2. gramatikuli klasebis sistema. beJitur enaSi saxelTa klasifika-

ciisaTvis ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia ori saSualeba: 1) saTanado saxelis

klasuri kuTvnileba gamoixateba specialuri markerebiT _ klasis eqspo-

nentebiT; 2) klasTa dapirispireba gairCeva fuZeTmonacvleobiT anda xmo-

vanTa alternaciiT.

amosavali principi, rac saxelTa klasifikacias udevs safuZvlad,

aris tradiciuli sazogadoebis TvalTaxedviT socialuri Rirebuleba.

ra Tqma unda, es ar aniSnavs, rom saxelTa klasebis mixedviT klasifika-

ciisas amgvarma motivaciam droTa viTarebaSi cvlileba ar ganicada: III-

IV klasebSi saxelTa dajgufebisas zemoaRniSnuli kriteriumi an aRar

iyo aqtualuri, anda mas SedarebiT naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. Se-

saswavli enis monacemTa sxvagvari interpretacia dabrkolebas xvdeba,

radgan gaugebari iqneboda, ra socialuri Rirebulebis mixedviT gaerTi-

anda muy `satexi“, sino `fiwali“, xoÁRo `xerxi“... III klasSi, xolo azak

`grdemli“, tiga `Zalayini“, wit `dana“, t÷‡� `xelkveri“, `CaquCi“ da misT.

IV klasSi. anda: ra motivaciiT miuCina enam adgili III klasSi amJaminde-

li SexedulebiT ufro metad arafaseul somaturi terminebis nawils

(zot¾o `TiTi“, m’n `cxviri“, ÃaT 1. `xelisguli“, 2. `sila“, xila `xrti-

li“...), xolo meore, ufro Rirebuli, nawili (y�m `Tavi~, �nd� `tvini~, siko

`piri~, h�Á `Tvali“, Áako `guli“...) IV klasSi gaaerTiana?1 m. xalilovi va-

1 xunZurSi l‘imer `bavSvi“ III klasSi Sedis. CeCnurSi, xvarSiul enasa da sak.

beJitur dialeqtSi am saxelma IV klasSi gadainacvla. beJitur enaSi y–ra `bavSvi“ III

klasSi erTiandeba [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 262; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 28; van den bergi

1994: 35], rac imis mimaniSnebelia, rom `bavSvi“ gaazrebulia aragonier (araRirebul)

sulier arsebad. Cans, `bavSvi“, Tavisi socialuri mdgomareobis gamo, indo-evropul

36

raudobs, rom analogiur saxelebSi ar unda yofiliyo moazrebuli aqti-

urobis idea [xalilovi 1981: 33]. es saxelebi ratom ar iyo aqtualuri da

faseuli? _ am kiTxvaze avtori arafers gveubneba.

sakuTriv beJituri dialeqtis monacemebze damyarebiT g. madieva mi-

dis uaryofiT daskvnamde: àma Tu im klasisadmi maTi (saxelebis _ n. a.)

mikuTvnebis principi CvenTvis bevrwilad gaugebaria“ [madieva 1965: 56].

safiqrebelia, rom III da IV klasebis diferenciaciis dros pirvel

etapze saxelTa klasifikacia met-naklebad moitivirebuli iyo (III klass

ganakuTvnebdnen cxovel-frinvelTa, mwerTa da misT. saxelebs, IV klass

ki _ Sromis iaraRebis, rkineulis, fulisa da abstraqtuli cnebebis

gamomxatvel saxelebs), xolo meore etapze amgvari motivaciis dacva

aRar xerxdeboda da saxelTa dajgufeba nebismierad mimdinareobda.1 sxva

SemTxvevaSi axlomonaTesave enebsa da erTi enis dialeqtebSi erTnairi

Sedegi unda migveRo, Tumca am TvalsazrisiT am enobriv erTeulebs So-

ris TanxvdenasTan erTad gansxvavebebic gvxvdeba.

3.2.1. gramatikuli klasebi da maTi niSnebi. beJituri enis orsave dia-

leqtSi garCeulia oTxi klasi.2 sinqroniul doneze substantivTa Sedge-

enebSic nivTs etoleboda da saSualo sqesisad miiCneoda [Ciqobava 1979: 89]. Janaza

`cxedari“ (kacisac da qalisac) III klasis kuTvnilebaa, e. i. ukve aragonier arsebad

aris qceuli.

1 III-IV klasTa mixedviT saxelTa danawileba-dajgufebis motivacia asociaciebsa

da analogiebs daemyareboda.

2 specialuri literaturis mixedviT, gramatikul klasTa dadgenis principebi da,

aqedan gamomdinare, Sedegebic sxvadasxva specialistTan sxvadasxvagvaria [ix. diri 1909:

79; lomTaZe 1956: 385-390; 1996: 28-48; bokarevi 1959: 23, 75; madieva 1965: 56; van den bergi

1995: 35; xalilovi 1981: 25-29; 1995: 394-295; isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 262-263].

Cveni azriT, mxoloobiTisa da mravlobiTis Sepirispirebis safuZvelze klasTa

gamoyofa marTebuli ar aris, radgan klas-kategoriisa da ricxvis kategoriis aRreva

xdeba. erTi gramatikuli kategoriis kvalifikaciisaTvis ori kategoriis CvenebaTa

gaTvaliswineba gaumarTlebelia [andRulaZe 1968: 24; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 29]. masTan,

mravlobiT ricxvSi gramatikul klass sakuTari markeri ar moepoveba, aramed mas

mxoloobiTisagan sesxulobs. amdenad, mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi meoreulia da maTi

mxedvelobaSi miReba aucileblobas ar warmoadgens [Tofuria 2003: 17].

37

nilobaSi cocxali klasis niSnebi ar mogvepoveba da, bunebrivia, saxel-

Ta klasebis mixedviT ganawilebis principi semantikur safuZvels emyare-

ba. masTan, klas-kategoria, rogorc saxelisa da zmnis saerTo maxasiaTe-

beli, mTlianad gamsWvalavs metyvelebis nawilebs. TiToeul klass Tavi-

si sakuTari niSani moepoveba, romelsac klasis eqsponents (klasifikato-

rs) uwodeben. amJamad saxelTagan cocxali klasifikatorebi martooden

atributul saxelebs (zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, nacvalsaxe-

li...) aqvT da maT klas-niSani yovelTvis prefiqsad moudis. gaqvavebuli

klasis eqsponentebi SeiZleba infiqsad an sufiqsad Segvxvdes. atribu-

tul saxelTa struqturaSi klasifikators Cveulebriv sazRvruli saxe-

li aCens da Sesabamisi niSanic misi kuTvnilebaa. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,

Tu msazRvreli klasifikators iguebs, maSin igi sazRvruls eTanxmeba

klassa da ricxvSi, magaliTad: sak. beJ. gedu b-i‡eru loton hunar bˆyyu

h>aÁ…an lo `kata patara, magram didi unaris mqone cxovelia“, r-owiro

yora r-et¾er bolÀoRa `gamZari bavSvi wavida Sin“...; hunz. –g bulÀ‹ loder

Ø-i‡er oJe ˆÃl–n lo `saxlSi namyofi is patara biWi gazrdila“, halti

q–d b-u…oCos zuyur (van 1995; 173) `saqme xeliT gasakeTebeli iyo~, r-iJeÃ

xo n-uÃuru suku (van 1995: 178) `bevri xorcis SemWmeli kaci“ da mr. sxv.

sufiqsuri klasifikatori, rogorc wesi, gaqvavebulia: hunz. Äayila-b

sukul aÃe Äayila-b haɺqlar, Äabdallil humer bercinab haɺqla ɺr (andaz.)

`brZeni kaci Wkvian cols eZebs, suleli saxelamazs eZebs“.

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom beJtis TqmaSi II da IV klasis eqsponen-

tebis damTxveva xdeba, rac klasTa Semcirebad aris miCneuli [madieva

1965: 56]. sinamdvileSi Cvens Tvalwinaa ara klasTa Semcireba, aramed kla-

sifikatorTa (II-IV kl.) meqanikuri damTxveva, rac meoreuli movlenaa (r

samklasovan enaTa wyebaSi (karatauli, axvaxuri...), romelTac mravlobiTSi ori

klasi aqvT, am wesiT samklasovani sistemisagan orklasovani sistema miiReba. es ki

yvela TvalsazrisiT alogikuria: indo-evropul enaTa morfologiaSi atributivTa

sqess mravlobiTi ricxvis mixedviT aravin adgens [Ciqobava 1978: 14]. garda amisa,

gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom mravlobiT ricxvSi depersonalizacia xdeba, rac

mxoloobiTi ricxvisTvis ucxoa. am garemoebaTa gamo, klasTa gamoyofa mxoloobiTi

ricxvis Cvenebis mixedviT unda gadawydes.

38

> Á). garda amisa, III da IV klasis eqsponentebi fonetikur cvlilebas

ganicdian: b > m (> n) realizebulia nazalizebuli xmovnisa da nazaluri

Tanxmovnis (sonoris) Semcvel fuZeebSi [lomTaZe 1996: 35], mag.: II kl. Á-

ent¾er `wavida“ _ III kl. m-(et¾er (> || n-et¾er).

rac Seexeba IV klasis niSnad r-sTan erTad n-s povnierebas, el.

lomTaZe kiTxvas svams: ÌV klasis r-sgan (r > n) Tu III klasis m-sgan (m >

n)? gadaWriT amJamad verafers vityviT...“

III klasis ZiriTadi niSani b gardaiqmneba m sonorad oden nazalur-

fuZian saxelebsa da zmnebSi, rac savsebiT samarTlianad regresul asi-

milaciad miiCneva. rac Seexeba hunzibur dialeqtSi1 IV klasis eqsponen-

tad n-s warmoCenas, igi garkveul fonologiur poziciebSi swored r-s

bgerinacvali Cans,2 mag.: hunz. lÀˆn n-ayer (<*r-anyer) `wyali movida“, n-aSu

(<*r-anSu) huni `mokle gza“ da misT.

beJitur enaSi klas-niSanTa sistema amgvaria: pirveli klasi nulova-

ni morfemiT (Ø) aris warmodgenili, romelsac infiqsad SesaZloa sruli

saxe (…………) hqondes, meore klasis niSania Á, III klasis niSnad b, m, n gvxvde-

ba, xolo IV klasis niSnad ki _ r (Á, n). mravlobiT ricxvSi mkafiod

aris gamijnuli adamianisa (gonierisa) da araadamianis (aragonieris)

gamomxatveli saxelebi. I klasSi eqceva mxoloobiTis I da II klasTa sa-

xelebi, romlebic mesame klasis eqsponents (b, m, n) iyenebs, xolo II

klasSi erTiandeba yvela sxva danarCeni saxeli da niSnad IV klasis eq-

sponenti (r, Á, n) aqvT.

gramatikuli klasebi da maTi eqsponentebi sqematurad:

klasi

ricxvi I II III IV

mxoloobiTi Ø (…) Á b (m, n) r, Á (n)

mravlobiTi b (m, n) r, Á (n)

1 IV klasis niSnis distribucia sak. beJitur dialeqtSi amgvaria: r (xaSar., tlad.), Á

(beJ.):

r n

Á.

2 Sdr. xvar. l > n sainteresoa im mxriv, rom l (< r) > n. r > n sxva enebsac

axasiaTebs [ix. gudava 19634: 19].

39

zemomoyvanili klasis niSnebi calTanxmovniania, Tumca klasifikato-

ri marcvlovan saxes (CV-, -VC) unda atarebdes. klasifikatorTa mar-

cvlovnoba Sepirobebulia sakvlevi enis fonotaqtikuri kanonzomierebiT

_ anlauti da auslauti srulxmovnobiT xasiaTdeba. amitom klasis eqspo-

nents (TanxmovniT elements) uSualod mosdevs an uZRvis e. w. Tanmxlebi

xmovani, romlis funqcia sabolood naTeli ar aris. SesaZloa, amgvar

xmovnur elementebs prefiqsis fuZesTan dakavSirebisas TanxmovanTa Se-

saZlo Tavyris superacia ekisrebodes, vinaidan Tavkidurad da xSirad

auslautSic TanxmovanTa kompleqsebi arakanonikuria sakvlevi enis sa-

xelTa struqturisTvis.

3.2.2. saxelTa klasifikacia klas-kategoriis mixedviT. gramatikuli

klasebis mixedviT saxelebi amgvarad jgufdeba:

I gramatikul klasSi (Ø, …………) eqceva mamakaci da masTan gaTanabrebuli

arsebani, agreTve religiuri da miTologiuri cnebebi: �d�m1 àdamiani“,

abo `mama“, is `Zma“, …acca `megobari“, ÷J÷ `vaJiSvili“, �yil `brZenkaci“,

…eqa `mwyemsi“, �hm�y `suleli“, ÷l÷Ã�n `jeili“, geguÃan `moWidave“, gih-

diÁo `qurdi“, dursa `siZe“, iJeÁo `gamarjvebuli“, yoron `qvrivi (kaci)“,

barÃa… `xunZi“, faCah `mefe“, gelexi `glexi“, ÃazaÃ `qarTveli“, hobol

`stumari“, yaCaR `yaCaRi“, Ãohdagi `mowafe“, Cafar `Sikriki“, `mstovari“,

allah `RmerTi“, a…arag `winaswarmetyveli“, malaÁq àngelozi“, narTa…

`narTi“, d‘d‘d `jadoqari“ da misT.

II gramatikul klasSi (Á) erTiandeba qali da masTan gaTanabrebuli

arsebani, zogi miTologiuri da zRapruli personaJis saxelwodebani:

aÃo `qali“, `coli“, iÁo `deda“, isi `da“, qid `gogo“, abolaÁ `dedinacva-

1 �d‰m àdamiani“ da misT. saxelebi bisemantikuria _ aRniSnavs rogorc pirvel, ise

meore klass. hunzibur dialeqtSi amave rigisaa ˆs `Zma“, `da“. am saxelTa

Sinaarsobrivad garCeva saTanado atributivis darTviT xdeba: wuÁab ˆs `da“. sak.

beJitur dialeqtSi es saxeli leqsikurad diferencirebulia: is `Zma“, Sdr. isi `da“.

40

li“, nu‡ `mowme“, yorolaÁ `qvrivi (qali)“, do‡erqa `mwvelavi“, t¾uSen `pa-

tarZali“, Áacca `megobari“, `daqali“, h>urul‡en `feria“, ÃarTaÁ `roka-

pi“, da a. S. amave klasSi Semodian nivTTa konkretuli da abstraqtuli

saxelebi, romelTa am klasisadmi kuTvnilebis motivacia bolomde naTe-

li ar aris: zoko `soko“, enxu `mdinare“, lÀibu `foToli“, geni `msxali“,

anc `kari“, onz `Tovli“, t¾alo `qva“ da sxv. misT.

III klass (b, m, n) ganekuTvneba cxovelTa da mwerTa saxelebis Ziri-

Tadi nawili, xilis, xe-mcenareTa da bunebis movlenaTa saxelwodebani,

saamSeneblo leqsika da tansacmlis saxelTa erTi wyeba, samuSao iaraRe-

bisa da kvebis produqtebis aRmniSvneli leqsika, daavadebaTa da krebiTi

mniSvnelobis substantivTa gamomxatveli saxelwodebani: bilÀo `nadiri“,

`jixvi“, bawo `mgeli“, ons `xari“, …aÁa `Zroxa“, g�m‘S `kameCi“, gane `mozve-

ri“, biSe `xbo“, tiga `vaci“, soÁÁa ìabo cxeni“, S‘g÷S÷…� `faSati“, naco

`tili“, wiqe `rwyili“, g‘d� `qaTami“, ilba `mtredi“, anyo `Tagvi“, �Jd�h

ùrCxuli“, SaÁtan èSmaki“, ilbis `kudiani“,1 kodo `yurZeni“, simildi `si-

mindi“, muh `xorbleuli“, `marcvali“, Cala `Cala“, niRe 1. `muxa“, 2: `rko“,

t¾iÁp 1. `girCi“, 2. èrTgvari Rvezeli“, ‡anco 1. `Taro“, 2. `kalo“, t¾amo

`saxuravi“, r�h�Á `klite“, hem `boZi“, kado `kibe“, qitaman || tikaman `xis

yuTi“, boza `weraqvi“, �ng� `samajuri“, JeqeT `Jaketi“, Ceqma `Ceqma“, qisa

`jibe“, babu `bavSvis windebi“, geda `Wreli windebi, romlebsac RarbuT-

lelebi icmeven“, aboc `mZivi“, muyo 1. `lursmani“, 2. `sadgisi“, xaraCin

`celi“, xoÁRo `xerxi“, b�b� `puri“, xoka `xinkali“, can `varskvlavi“, unTi

àvadmyofoba“, tifi `tifi“, qiril’-unTi èpilefsia“, J÷J `Cirqi“, ho-

bollÀi `stumarTmoyvareoba“, �tirat¾ `bari“, `vake~ da mr. sxv.

1 sainteresoa, rom av sulTagan ÃarTaÁ (sak. beJ.), ÃarT (hunz.) `rokapi“ II klass

ganekuTvneba, xolo SaÁtan èSmaki~, ilbis `demoni“ III klasSi erTiandebian. Cans, ÃarTaÁ

(`rokapi“) metad Rirebuli (naklebad mavne) avi suli Cans danarCenebze.

41

IV gramatikuli klasi (r, Á, n) moicavs sxvadasxvagvari nivTebis (li-

Tonebis, fulis, mcenaris, xis, saxlisa da misi nawilebis, avadmyofobis...)

saxelTa da nadir-frinvelTa gamomxatveli leqsikis umniSvnelo nawils,

agreTve bunebis movlenebis, adamianis organizmisa da mSeneblobis aR-

mniSvnel terminologias. amave klasSi Semodis ganyenebuli cnebebisa da

movlenebis aRmniSvneli saxelebi: baq `spilenZi“, qil `rkina“, mesed òq-

ro“, oqqo || oqro `fuli“, foladi `foladi“, Sahi `xuTi kapiki“, abazi

òci kapiki“, Tuman àTi maneTi“, Wit `dana“, geni `msxali“, Suldi `Sin-

di“, hiz `Wvavi“, `svili“, di‡i `yvavili“, anz `circeli“, aguri àguri“,

‡�l' àuli“, JuR `fanjara“, ‡anc `kari“, bil'o 1. `saxli“, 2. òTaxi“, fara-

xi `sazamTro farexi“, t¾ot¾t¾o `ficari“, Wad `mamisaxli“, Wal'eÁo àcra“,

Woti `Woti“, q�qis `sokovani daavadeba“, We `qeri“, wula `wili“, wulu

ìsari“, Ã�S� `piri“, Ão 1. `boli“, `kvamli“, 2. `komli“, l'uruW `maTraxi“,

…odo 1. `dRe“, 2. `wvima“, onz `Tovli“, onx `muceli“, Áako `guli“, h�Á

`Tvali“, hudullÀi `megobroba“, insanlÀi `kacobrioba“, islÀi `naTesaoba“

da a. S.

marTalia, beJituri enis dialeqtebsa da TqmebSi klas-kategoriis mi-

xedviT saxelTa klasifikacia ZiriTadad erTgvaria, magram SeiniSneba

gadaxrebic, metadre es iTqmis saxelTa ganawilebaze III da IV klasebSi.

amasTanave, gansxvavebebi dasturdeba ara martooden nasesxeb leqsikaSi,

aramed xelSesaxebia igi Zireul leqsikaSic. sailustracio magaliTebi:

a) Zireuli leqsika

sak. beJ. dial. hunz. dial. leqsikuri mniSvne-

loba

naxo (IV kl.) naxu (II kl.) 1. `Cala“, 2. `bze“

qen (IV kl.) qen (III kl.) `saWmeli“

qot (III kl.) qot (IV kl.) `Sardis buSti“

l'ibo (IV kl.) l'ibu (II kl.) 1. `qaRaldis furce-

li“,

2. `foToli“

qerxaso (IV kl.) qerxaJu (II kl.) `xelis wisqvili“...

42

b) nasesxebi leqsika

sak. beJ. dial. hunz. dial. leqsikuri mniSvnelo-

ba

qarxana (IV kl.) qarxana (III kl.) `qarxana“

qasTum (III kl.) qasTum (IV kl.) `kostumi“

na…i (III kl.) na…i (IV kl.) `navi“

qa… (IV kl.) qa…u (III kl.) `WiSkari“, `karibWe“...

zemomoyvanil da maT analogiur magaliTebSi TavCenili gadaxrebi

meoreulia _ saTanado semantikuri gadaazrianebis Sedegi. Tavdapirvelad

Zireuli saxelebi erTi klasis kuTvnilebas warmoadgendnen.

3.2.3. klasifikatorTa distribuciisaTvis. rogorc iTqva, gramatiku-

li klasis niSnebi gvxvdeba rogorc gaqvavebuli (umoqmedo) saxiT, ise

cocxali (moqmedi) saxiTac. gaqvavebuli klasifikatorebi sporadulad

gvxvdeba arsebiT saxelebSi, zog nacvalsaxelsa da ricxviT saxelSi, xo-

lo klasis cocxali eqsponentebi dasturdeba danarCen saxelebsa da

zmnaSi.

a) beJituri enis arsebiT saxels, Tuki igi warmoSobiT atributuli

saxeli ar aris, klasis cocxali niSnebi ar aqvs. is oriode saxeli, ro-

melTac xunZurSi klasifikatorebis mixedviT jer kidev moepoveba kore-

lacia (…-ac´ `Zma“ _ Á-ac´ `da“ _ b-ac´ `cxovelis naSieri“, …-as `vaJiSvi-

li“ _ Á-as `qaliSvili“ _ b-asi `mozveri“), beJiturSi, klas-niSanTa mo-

Slis gamo, gamqralia: is (<*…-is < (*…-isi) `Zma“ _ isi (<*Á-isi) `da“ _

b-iSe (<*b-ise <*b-isi) `xbo“, `naSieri“ (Zroxisa), ÷J÷ `vaJiSvili“ _ qid1

`qaliSvili“ _ Á-iJe (sak. beJ.), r-iJe (hunz.) ùSobeli“, `dekeuli“.2

1 qaliSvilis gamomxatveli Sesatyvisi saxeli Canacvlebulia sruliad sxva

leqsemiT, rac klas-niSnis moSlis Semdegdroindeli movlena Cans.

2 cxovelTa naSierebSi (`xbo~, ùSobeli~) Cans Semonaxuli odindeli klas-niSani,

Tumca mTlad naTeli ar aris, ratom gvaqvs meoTxe klasis niSani (r-iJe > Á-iJe

43

savadaudoa, klasis odindeli eqsponentebi davadasturoT Semdeg sa-

xelebSi: Á-ako (sak. beJ.), roku (hunz.) `guli~, b-oÃ `mze~, an-c (<*n-ac <*b-

ac) `kari~, m-ic (sak. beJ.), m-ˆc (hunz.) èna~, Á-iRla (sak. beJ.), r-iRla

(hunz.) `barZayi~ da sxv. misT.

amJamad arsebiTi saxelis klasur kuTvnilebaze migvaniSnebs misive

semantika, Tumca istoriulad, semantikis garda, klasi gramatikuladac

gamoixateboda. rogorc fiqroben, substantivi saTanado msazRvrels (at-

ributul sintagmaSi( da zmnas (predikatul sintagmaSi) Sesabamis klasSi

eTanxmeboda an marTavda. mogvianebiT TandaTanobiT xdeboda klasifika-

torTa gaqvaveba da dakargva. t. gudava wers: `radganac arsebiTi saxelis

klasi misi semantikiTaa gansazRvruli, arsebiT saxelebSi gramatikuli

klasebis `zedmetoba~ Zalian adre unda momxdariyo, ramac gamoiwvia kla-

sis niSanTa sistemis moSla am kategoriis sityvebSi~ [gudava 1963: 36].

3.2.4. gramatikuli klasis kategoria atributivebSi. klas-kategoria

yvelaze mkafiod da srulad aris warmodgenili: a) zedsarTav saxelSi b)

mimReobaSi. ricxviT saxelebi da naxvalsaxelebi amJamad gramatikuli

klasis kategorias aRar ganarCeven, Tumca sporadulad Semonaxulia re-

alqturi klasifikatorebi,1 romlebic miuTiTeben am saxelebSi maT isto-

riul arsebobaze [ix. lomTaZe 1996: 63-79].

a) zedsarTav saxelTa erT wyebaSi garCeulia gramatikuli klasi,

romelic saTanado prefiqsuli eqsponentebiT gamoixateba. sailustracio

magaliTebi:

ùSobeli~) maSin, roca uSobeli III klass miekuTvneba? SeiZleba es klasifikatorTa

moSlis Semdeg maTi reinterpretaciiT iyos gamowveuli.

1 beJ. ÷ny÷n� (<*n-÷*y÷*-n� < n <*b-oyo-na) òTxi~ gacveTil klas-niSans gviCvenebs,

romelic hunzibur dialeqts mTlianad dahkargvia. savsebiT marTebulad klasifikators

aRadgens e. lomTaZe beJ. b-el'-na (sak. beJ.), b-el'-no (hunz.) `rva~ ricxviT saxelSic

[lomTaZe 1996: 73; Sdr. gudava 1980: 209], Tumca misi rekonstruqcia beJ. si-d (èrTi~)

ricxviT saxelSi sapaeqro Cans [ix. lomTaZe 1996: 74-76].

44

sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

mxoloobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I Ø-uyo suko `didi kaci~

b-uy‰ (<*b-ya-Áo)1 suko-bo, qib-ba

II Á-uyo qid ùfrosi gogo~

III b-uyo S‘g÷ `didi cxeni~

Á-uy‰ (<*Á-yoy-Áa) S‘g“-l, enxe-Áa

IV Á-uyo enxe `didi mdinare~

hunziburi dialeqti

I Ø-i‡eru oJe `patara vaJi~

b-i‡er-ar oJ-da, qid-ba

II Á-i‡eru qid `patara gogo~

III b-i‡eru ons `patara xari~

r-i‡er-ar ons-o, Wit-la

IV r-i‡eru Wit `patara dana~

rogorc zemomoyvanili magaliTebi mowmoben, mravlobiTSi ricxvi

ormagad gamoixateba: a) klasis eqsponentiT da b) specialuri sufiqsiT,

romelic sexelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba. uklas-

niSno atributivebSi es bunebrivi movlena iqneboda, magram klasifikato-

rian zedsarTav saxelebSi ucnaurobas qmnis sazRvruli saxelis ricxvis

ormagi afiqsacia. logikuria vifiqroT, rom amgvar SemTxvevebSi klasifi-

katori oden saTanado obieqtTa klasur kuTvnilebas gamoxatavs, xolo

1 b-uy‰ formis paralelurad e. lomTaZe buyaÁo variants imowmebs, Tumca am

ukanasknel formas amJamad Cveulebriv aRar iyeneben.

45

saxeluri sufiqsi sazRvruli saxelis simravles aRniSnavs [lomTaZe

1953: 421; Sdr. burWulaZe 1988: 194].

b) mimReobaSi zedsarTavi saxelis analogiur iviTareba gvaqvs: kla-

sifikatori, romelic mimReobas saTanado zmnisagan aqvs gadmoyolili,

miuTiTebs sazRvruli saxelis klasur kuTvnilebaze (gardauval zmnaSi

_ subieqtze, gardamavalSi _ obieqtze). masTan, msazRvrelad gamoyenebu-

li mimReoba mravlobiTSi dasmul sazRvrul saxels eTanxmeba klassa da

ricxvSi.

rac Seexeba xunZuridan SeTvisebul bersinab (`lamazi~) tipis zed-

sarTav saxelebs, maT struqturaSi sufiqsuri klasifikatori moqmedi

aRar aris da sruliad daclilia klasuri semantikisagan _ igi ganzoga-

debuli, gaqvavebuli da Sexorcebulia Sesabamisi zedsarTavis fuZes

[Sdr. lomTaZe 1996: 53]. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, beJituri enis atributiveb-

Si sufiqsuri klasifikatoris povnierebaze saubari moklebulia safuZ-

vlianobas.

3.2.5. gramatikuli klasis niSani infiqsad. beJituri enis zmnur for-

mebSi daCndebian klasis eqsponentebi, romlebic aRniSnaven an realuri

subieqtis (gardamaval zmnaSi), anda realuri obieqtis (resp. uaxl. oibieq-

tis) (gardamaval zmnaSi) klass. masTan, zmnuri struqturis ZiriTadi mo-

deli ase warmogvidgeba: klasifikatori (masuperacivebeli xmovniTi ele-

mentiTurT) + Ziri + sadeterminacio sufiqsi + fleqsiur-derivaciuli

morfemebi,1 mag.: b-a-t-i-ro `Seiyvara~, m-e-t¾-e-C `midis~, b-i-y-el-ca `swav-

lobs~ da misT.

sagulisxmoa, rom beJituri zmnis mravlobiTi ricxvis formebSi in-

fiqsad daCndeba -…a-, -Á-a-, -ba- (sak. beJ.), -Á–- (hunz.) odenobani, romlebic,

specialistTa azriT, saxelTa mravlobiTobis sufiqsebs ukavSirdebian

[lomTaZe 1953: 441-444; burWulaZe 1988: 197]. cnobilia isic, rom zemomoyva-

nil infiqsTa TanxmovniTi elementebi genezisurad gaqvavebul klasifika-

torebs warmoadgenen, magaliTad:

1 SeiZleba zmnas esa Tu is komponenti akldes, e. i. erTdroulad yvela segmenti

savaldebulo ar iyos.

46

sak. beJ. hunz.

mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.

-…a- -…a-:

zuyoro ìyo zu-…a-yoro buhu `kvdeba~ bu-…–-he

ÁowiÁo `gaavso~ Áo-…a-wiÁo bok èZaxis~ bo-…–-k

ØoCoro `gaiqca~ bo-…a-Coro riye ìcis~ ri-…–-ye

-Áa-: -Áa-:

ØeJena `waiRo ra~ be-Áa-Jena bit¾e `klavs~ bi-Á–-t¾e

gel àris~ ge-Áa-l beq `vardeba~ be-Á–-q

-ba-: -ba-:

ØegaÁo `naxa~ bega-b‰-Áo enduqe `Sedis~ endu-b‰-qe

milaJero `gaiyi-

na~

mila-ba-Jero biy‰r `moSivda~ biya-b‰-r

kiSaC `TamaSobs~ kiSa-ba-C Ãod‰r `swavlobs~ Ãoda-b‰-r

gaqvavebuli klas-niSani infiqsad daCndeba agreTve xunZuridan nases-

xebi zedsarTavi saxelebis mravlobiTobis warmoebaSi:

mx. r. mr. r.

beCeda-b `mdidari~ _ beCeda-b-la

saRa-b `janmrTeli~ _ saRa-b-la

bersin-b `lamazi~ _ bersina-b-la

misqina-b `Raribi~ _ misqina-b-la

zogadad, didour enebSi, konkretulad, beJiturSi klas-kategoriis

moSlis procesi demonstraciul xasiaTs atarebs. aqedan gamomdinare, Se-

degic saTanadoa: infiqsad da sufiqsad klasifikatorebi an gaqvavebulia,

anda ukvalod dakarguli.

47

3.2.6. gramatikuli klasis garCevis sxva saSualebani. garda, gramati-

kuli klasis eqsponentebisa (Ø, Á, b, r) klasTa gasarCevad gamoiyeneba

fuZeTa monacvleoba, an xmovanTa alternacia. am dros saxelTa klasifi-

kacia Semdegnairad xdeba: I-IV klasis saxelebisTvis -i gamoiyeneba, xolo

II-IV klasis saxelebisTvis -o [lomTaZe 1956: 270]. amgvari viTareba das-

turdeba CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa mxoloobiT ricxvSi.


I kl. IV kl.

…ahd-i/hud-i ÷Jo ès vaJi~ …ahd-i/hud-i ‡�l' ès asuli~

II kl. III kl.

…ahd-o/hod-o qid ès gogona~ …ahd-i/hud-i bawo ès mgeli~

hunziburi dialeqti gadaxras gviCvenebs im mxriv, rom erTi formiT

(bˆd- warmodgenilia fuZiseuli xmovnis cvliTa da nulovani markeriT) I,

II, IV klasis saxelebs ajgufebs, xolo meore formiT (bodu) ki III kla-

sis saxelis msazRvrelad gvevlineba. sqematurad:


mosaubresTan axlo

myofi

mosaubrisagan Sors myo-

fi

mosaubrisa da

msmenelisgan Sors

myofi

I, IV kl. II-III kl. I, IV kl. II-III kl. I-IV kl. II-III kl.

…ahdi/hudi

ès~

…ahdo/hu-

do

ès~

…ahli/hu-

li

èg~

…ahlo/ho-

lo

èg~

…ahgi/hugi

ìs~

…ahgo/hogo

ìs~

48

hunziburi dialeqti

mosaubresTan axlo

myofi

mosaubrisagan Sors

myofi

mosaubrisa da

msmenelisgan Sors

myofi

I, II, IV kl. II kl. I, II, IV kl. II kl. I, II, IV kl. II kl.

b–d ès~ bodu

ès~

b–l èg~ bolu eg~ –g ìs~ ogu ìs~

garda nacvalsaxelebisa, fuZiseul xmovanTa alternacia klasis

gamosaxatavad zmnaTa erT mcire wyebasac1 axasiaTebs. klasTa amgvari ko-

relacia mkafiod aisaxeba hunziburi dialeqtis zmnaTa xsenebul wyebaSi,

mag.: hunz. g-ˆ-la (I kl.), g-i-la (II kl.), g-u-la (NV kl.) `dadeba~, m-ˆ-Sa (I

kl.), m-i-Sa (II kl.), m-u-Sa (III, IV kl.) `Sexeba~... beJ. g-o-wal (I kl.), g-i-wal

(II kl.), gu-wal (III, IV kl.) `Cveneba~, total (I kl.), t-i-tal (II kl.), t-u-

tal (III, IV kl.) `srola~, mo-s I kl.), m-i-s (II kl.); m-u-s (III, IV kl.) `wavi-

deT!~ da misT.

zemomoyvanil zmnaTa fuZiseuli xmovnis monacvleobiT klas-katego-

riis gamoxatva sakvlev enaSi realuri faqtia, romelsac exebian da izia-

reben specialistebi [bokarevi 1959: 30, 48, madieva 1965: 115-116; xalilovi

1910: 28; 1995: 403; van den bergi 1995: 35]. e. lomTaZe sapirispiro azrs ad-

gas da amgvari dapirispireba fonetikuri procesebis safuZvelze warmo-

qmnilad miaCnia [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 46-48]. SesaZloa, xsenebul xmovanTa am

saxiT Camoyalibeba kombinaciur fonetikur movlenasac mieweros, magram

sinqroniul doneze aRweriTi gramatikis poziciebidan klasTa alterna-

ciuli garCevis arseboba sinamdviles asaxavs. hunzibur dialeqtSi meSve-

li zmna amis naTeli dasturia, mag.: lo (I, II, III kl.), li (IV kl.) àris~.

Cans, aseTi movlena axalia, vinaidan ar moepoveba mkafiod Camoyalibebu-

li saxe da ar aqvs saxelTa klasuri garCevis mkacri wesi, amitomac xSi-

rad aRreulia saxelTa ama Tu im klasisadmi mikuTvnebis principi.

1 maTi ricxvi, m. xalilovis angariSiT, aTs cota aWarbebs [xalilovi 1995: 403].

49

Tavi III

gramatikuli ricxvis kategoria

4.1. ricxvi zogadad. beJitur enaSi ricxvis gramatikuli kategoria

metad mniSvnelovani kategoriaa, radgan saziaroa saxelisa da zmnisaTvis

da mTlianad gamsWvalavs sakvlevi enis saanalizo struqturas. zmnaSi,

zedsarTav saxelsa da nazmnar saxelebSi igi gamoixateba klasis cocxa-

li eqsponentebiT (Tuki klasniSniania), xolo arsebiT saxelSi, zedsar-

Tav saxelSi, zog ricxviT saxelsa da zmnaSi _ specialuri formantebiT.

arcTu iSviaTad atributul saxelebSi ricxvis kategoria erTdroulad

gamoixateba klasifikatoriTac da specialuri formantiTac, rac Tavis-

Tavad saintereso movlenaa enis Teoriis TvalsazrisiT. ama Tu im kla-

sis saxelTa simravlis gamosaxatavad klasis eqsponentebis gamoyeneba

maT bifunqciur bunebaze migvaniSnebs.

Rirssacnobi faqtia, rom beJiturSi gamoxatvis planiT Cveulebrivi

mravlobiTi ricxvi gairCeva gansazRvruli mravlobiTi ricxvisagan. es

daCndeba markirebis donezec _ maT fonetikurad da funqciurad gansxva-

vebuli formantebi awarmoeben.

beJituri ena wyvilobiT (orobiT) ricxvs moklebulia. dasturdeba

ricxvis martoden orwevriani opozicia: mxoloobiTi _ mravlobiTi. saxe-

lobiT brunvis Cvenebas Tu davemyarebiT, ricxvobrivi dapirispireba pri-

vatuli iqneba, radganac mxoloobiTis forma wminda fuZis saxiT iqneba

warmodgenili (opoziciis umarkero wevri), xolo morfologiuri wesiT

gamoxatul mravlobiTis formebs specialuri formantebi erTvis (opozi-

ciis markeriani wevri).

beJitur enaSi gvxvdeba mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvis, sxva axlo-

monaTesave enaTa sinamdvilidan kargad cnobili, ori saxeoba: a) leqsiku-

ri, romelic ZiriTadad nacvalsaxelis, ricxvisi saxelisa da zogierTi

zmnizedis kuTvnilebaa; b) morfologiuri, romelic arsebiTi saxelis,

saderivacio niSnebis saSualebiT zedsarTavi saxelisa da zmnis forma-

warmoebas gulisxmobs [haidayovi 1985: 7]. gramatikuli warmoebis mixedviT,

saxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs pirobiTad or qvetipad yofen: a)

sufiqsuri da b) Sinagani fleqsiiT nawarmoebi [madieva 1965: 78].

50

4.2. mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba arsebiT saxelebSi. a) mravlobiTi

ricxvis sufiqsuri saSualebiT warmoebisas gamoiyofa rogorc mravlobi-

Tobis saerTo formantebi (-a, -…………a, -ra, -ba, -da, -la, -na; agreTve: -ro [>-r], -

o[>-u]), ise ama Tu im dialeqt;kilokavebisTvis niSandoblivi mawarmoeble-

bic (-rol, -wal, -lal, -ara, -nara...). es sufiqsebi sxvadasxva sixSiriT

ixmarebian da met-naklebi xvedriTi wona aqvT mravlobiTobis warmoebaSi.

yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, rom mravlobiTobis sawarmoebeli su-

fiqsebi TviT erTi dialeqtis farglebSic gviCveneben gansxvavebas [xali-

lovi, ramazanovi 1992: 75].

beJituri enis beJitur dialeqtSi gamoiyofa TxuTmeti sufiqsi mainc.

es sufiqsebia: -a || -��: Wit `dana~ -Wit-a, roxriW `namgali~ _ roxriW-a,

balÀaÁ `xanjali~ _ balÀaÁ-a, m‘S `cocxi~ _ m‘S-�.

-bo: …o `ZaRli~ _ …o-bo, c‰n `daTvi~ _ c‰n-bo, l'i `weli~ _l'i-bo,

zot¾o `TiTi~ _ zot¾-bo.

-V: d÷…a `Zvali~ _ l'÷…‰, S‘n� `saflavi~ _ S‘n’.

-ba: ÃazaÃ `qarTveli~ _ ÃazaÃ-ba, qid `qaliSvili~ _ qid-ba, yalam

`fanqari~ _ yalam-ba.

-da || -d��: qŒ `xeli~ _ qŒ-da, gaJo èSvi~ _ gaJo-da, ÷J÷ `vaJiSvili~ _

÷J÷-da, niSe `Rame~ _ niSe-da, �W÷ `qusli~ _ �W÷-d�.

-…………a || -…�…�…�…�: xorxo `xerxi~ _ xorxo-…a, kaTu `kartofili~ _ kaTu-…a,

Selu `rqa~ _ Selu-…a, ‡‘‡‘t÷ `mili~ _ ‡‘‡‘t÷-…�.

-la: qil `rkina~ _ qil-la, y‹ `nabadi~ _ y‹-la, geni `msxali~ _ geni-

la, teq `wigni~ _ teq-la.

-l: Sugo ìabo cxeni~ _ Sugo-l, iÁo `deda~ -iÁo-l.

-na: can `Txa~ _ can-na, is `Zma~ _ is-na, qa `sanTeli~ qa-na xonxe `xe~-

xonx-na.

-Áal: wo `cecxli~ _ wa-Áal.

-Áol: biSe `xbo~ _ biSe-Áol, l'ile `batkani~ _ l'ile-Áol.

-Áa: kete `kovzi~ - kete-Áa (|| ket-bo), bol'o `saxli~ _ bil'o-Áa.

-Áo: wiqa `sarke~ _ wiqa-Áo, mata `Subli~ _ mata-Áo.

-o: ons `xari~ _ ons-o.

51

specialur literaturaSi damatebiT dasaxelebulia ori sufiqsi -

lÀÀÀÀi da -zal > || -Jal [lomTaZe 1996: 82-93], romlebic xunZuridan axlaxan

aris SeTvisebuli da Zireul leqsikaSi mtkiced fexi arc ki aqvs mokide-

buli (iqve, 89). upiratesad es sufiqsebi xunZuridanve nasesxebi saxelebis

mravlobiTobas awamroeben, mag.: baharCi `vaJkaci~ _ bahar-zal || -Jal, ma-

duhan `mezobeli~ _ maduhan-lÀi `mezobloba~ (kr.) > `mezoblebi~, vac `bi-

ZaSvili~ _ vaJ-lÀi `biZaSviloba~ (kr.) > `biZaSvilebi~ da a. S.

sayuradReboa, rom beJituri dialeqtis xaSarxotulsa da tlada-

lur kilokavebSic TiTqmis egeve sufiqsebi iCens Tavs, magram, rogorc m.

xalilovi da i. ramazanovi weren [xalilovi, ramazanovi 1992: 75], gvxvdeba

Taviseburebanic:

a) iq, sadac sak. beJ.-is TqmaSi Á sonanti dasturdeba, sxva kilokaveb-

Si r gvaqvs [lomTaZe 1996, 94]: -ra, -ro, -rol, -ral. mizezi naTelia: hunz.

r: xaS.-tl. r: beJ. Á.

b) beJtis Tqmasa da xaSarxotul kilokavSi gansxvavebulia mravlo-

biTobis sawarmoebel formantTa ganawilebis principic. erTsa da imave

saxels mravlobiTobis sxvadasxva sufiqsebi daerTvis [lomTaZe 1996: 97],

mag.: xaS. cani-Áa, Sdr. tl. can-la, beJ. can-na `Txebi~, beJ. bico-da, Sdr.

tl. bico-ra `mklavebi~ da a. S.

g) mravlobiTobis zogi formanti gansxvavebulia, mag., -Áia (xaS.). beJ-

tis TqmaSi igi ar adsturdeba.

hunzibur dialeqtSi, garda saerTo sufiqsebisa, gvxvdeba oden mis-

Tvis niSandoblivi ramdenime sufiqsi:

-bur: lÀˆn `wyali~ _ lÀˆn-bur, ca `varskvlavi~ _ ca-bur, sˆ `mela~ _

sˆb-ur `meliebi~.

-ur: ale `toti~ _ al-ur, l'ile `Tikani~ _ l'il-ur, bala `fsiti~ _

bal-ur.

-u: ons `xari~ _ ons-u, t¾al `qva~ _ t¾al-u.

bolo sufiqss sak. beJitur dialeqtSi o Seefardeba, Sdr. beJ. ons

`xari~ _ ons-o.

yuradRebas iqcevs fuZisa da afiqsis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxic: -

bur formantdarTuli fuZis auslauti ucvlelia, xolo -ur forman-

52

tdarTuli fuZis bolokiduri xmovani ugamonaklisod yovelTvis ikar-

gvis. es ki, Tavis mxriv, srulxmovnobasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli

[lomTaZe 1996: 84].

mxolod xaSarxotulsa da tladalurSi dasturdeba -bara sufiqsi,

romelic, savaraudoa, rTuli agebulebisac iyos: -ba+ra (Sdr. -na+ra).

TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba: beJitelebis metyvelebaSi mravlobi-

Tis formebi xSirad bolokidur xmovans, an mTlian marcvalsac ikvecs,

rac winamavali xmovnis sakompensacio dagrZelebas iwvevs. am faqtis kon-

statacia axalgazrdebis metyvelebaSi jer kidev el. lomTaZes 50-ian

wlebSi Caweril masalaSi moepoveba [lomTaZe 1996, 95]. vfiqrobT, rom

xelSesaxebad warmoCndeba saTanado formaTa cveTis tendencia, rac me-

tyvelebis erTgvar gamartivebas uwyobs xels.

beJitur enaSi saxelTa mravlobiTobis warmoebisas formantTa ama

Tu im saxelTan ganawilebas erTiani safuZveli ar aqvs iseve, rogorc es

xunZurSia [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962, 102]. aris zogierTi formanti, romleb-

Tanac esa Tu is saxeli gvxvdeba [xalilovi 1995, 395].

b) sufiqsaciis garda, mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebaSi arcTu iSvia-

Tad gamoiyeneba Sinagani fleqsia (xmovanTmonacvleoba). xmovanTmonacvle-

obis magaliTebi:

mato `lodi~ _ mata, t¾ot¾t¾o `dafa~ _ t¾ot¾t¾a, TiwiÁo `qamari~ _

TiwiÁa, hamo `nacari~ _ hama, pepelo `pepela~ _ pepela, hohoto `Zewkvi~,

`jaWvi~ _ hohota da sxv. misT.

g. madieva damatebiT gamoyofs TanxmovanTa gaormagebiT nawarmoeb

mravlobiTis formebs, romlebic metad iSviaTad ixmareba [madieva 1965:

85].

Cveni dakvirvebiT, g. madievas am debulebis dasasabuTeblad moxmobi-

li magaliTebi, romelsac ucvlelad imeorebs m. xalilovi [xalilovi

1995: 396], asaxaven ara xmovanTa gaormagebiT mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoe-

bas, aramed ubralod progresul kontaqtur asimilacias formantiseuli

Tanxmovnisas winamaval fuZiseul TanxmovanTan: iÃ `TuSi~ _ iÃÃa <*iÃ-ba

(Sdr. hunz. iÃ-bo "id".), beJ `baki~ _ beJ-Ja || < beJ-la, inz `saceri~ _ inz-za

(<*inz-ba) da a. S.

rac Seexeba bolokiduri xmovnis dagrZelebas, es xdeba kombinaciu-

53

ri fonetikuri procesis safuZvelze, xmovnis an Tanxmovnis dakargvis sa-

kompensaciod [ix. lomTaZe 1996: 115-118].

beJiturSi iseve, rogorc zog sxva axlomonaTesave enaSi (mag., sak.

didourSi), mravlobiTis sawarmoebel sufiqsTa erTi wyeba fakultatu-

rad funqcionirebs, mag.: bico `xeli~ _ bico-…-a || bico-da, dars `gakveTi-

li~ _ dars-…a || dars-ba, kete `kovzi~ _ kete-Áa || ket-bo.

aseTi viTareba ki, rogorc naTqvami gvaqvs zeviT, imis mauwyebelia,

rom mravlobiTis warmoeba jer kidev ar aris sabolood Camoyalibebu-

li.

4.3. mravlobiTi ricxvis gansazRvruli formebi. metad sayuradRebo

faqtia, rom am TxuTmetiode wlis win beJitur enaSi m. xalilovis mier

mikvleul iqna gansazRvruli (raodenobrivad Semofargluli) da ganusa-

zRvreli ricxviTi saxelebi, romelic upiratesad semantikur diferenci-

acias emyareba. analogiuri warmoeba sxva didour enebSi ar SeimCneva, igi

martooden beJituri enis sak. beJituri dialeqtis kuTvnilebaa [xalilo-

vi 1985: 136-138].

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSi Tavs iCens ekvipolenturi opo-

zicia, vinaidan mravlobiTobis orive forma miaxloebiT Tanabrad marki-

rebulia specialuri formantebiT. sailustracio magaliTebi sak. beJitu-

ri dialeqtidan:

mx. r. mr. r. gans. mr. r.

miR `kudi~ miR-la miR-a

Sahar `qalaqi~ Sahar-la Sahar-ba

balÀaÁ `xmali~ balÀaÁ-la balÀaÁ-ba

bawo `mgeli~ bawa baw-bo

boco `mTvare~, `Tve~ boco-…a boc-bo (< boco-bo)

ciyi `ciyvi~ ciyi-Áa ciy-bo (< ciyi-bo)

interess aRZravs saxelTa erTi wyeba, romelTa mravlobiTi mxolo-

obiTisagan formobrivad ar ganirCeva, magram semantikurad masSi saganTa

54

simravle-krebiToba moiazreba. amgvar SemTxvevebSi gveqneba privatuli

opozicia, vinaidan Cveulebrivi (ganusazRvreli) mravlobiTi umarkeroa,

mag.:

mx. r. mr. r. gans. mr. r.

mic `jinWari~ mic mic-a

quraq `Wermis Ciri~ quraq quraq-ba

yarfuz `sazamTro~ yarfuz yarfuz-a

analogiuri opozicia SeimCneva krebiTobis gamomxatvelsa da ganusa-

zRvrel mravlobiTis formebs Soris:

mx. r. gans. mr. r. kr. mr.

muyo `lursmani~ muyo-da muyo

qil `rkina~ qil-la qil

Woti `lobio~ Woti-la Woti

mike `mori~ mike-da mike

beJitur enaSi dasturdeba iseTi semantikis mqone saxelebi, romle-

bic, maTi aRnagoba-Sedgenilobidan gamomdinare, mravlobiTobis gagebas

moklebulni arian. aseTebia: zaman `dro~, kima `yveli~, su…o `buza, araya

àrayi~, ÁenlÀ `karaqi~, èrbo~, Rino `Rvino~, mizo `Tixa-miwa~, miso `lami~,

karo `kalti~, katix `Cuma-mawoni~, enS `vaSli~, lÀen `mocvi~ da misT.

rac Seexeba arsebiT saxelTa mravlobiTis supletur warmoebas, ro-

melzedac e. bokariovi amaxvilebs yuradRebas [bokariovi 1959: 80], vfiq-

robT, rom zogi ram dasazustebelia. kerZod, mkvlevari gamoyofs or ma-

galiTs: soÁro `cxeni~ _ Sugorol da suko `kaci~ _ adamla.

pirveli magaliTis orive saopozicio erTeuls beJitis TqmaSi moe-

poveba Tav-Tavisi cali: soÁÁa `taiWi~ _ soÁÁ‰ `taiWebi~, S‘g÷ `cxeni~, _

S‘g÷-l `Waki cxenebi~, `jorebi~. meoresac moepoveba Sesabamisi calebi:

suko `kaci~ _ gans. mr. r. suko-bo, ganus. mr. r. �d�ml�.

marTalia, suko leqsemas martooiden mravlobiTis gansazRvruli

forma moepoveba, magram mainc qmnis mxolobiTTan opozicias. supletur

formebze Tu mainc vilaparakebT, maSin oden gansazRvrulsa da Cveuleb-

55

rivi mravlobiTis dapirispirebaRa gveqneba.

4.4. atributul saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba. sakuTriv be-

Jitur dialeqtSi zedsarTavi saxelebis mravlobiToba iwarmoeba Semdegi

sufiqsebiT:

-a: qilos `rkinis, rkinovani~ _ qilos-a, l'i-Áot¾os `dabali~ _

l'iÁot¾os-a, l'iÁos `qveda~ _ l'iÁos-a. agreTve fuZiseul xmovanreduci-

rebuli formebi [diri 1909: 81]: ixallo `grZeli~ _ ixall-a, aSSo `msxvi-

li~ _ aSS-a.

-Áa: cixa `mariliani~ _ cixa-Áa, simaÃo `braziani~ _ simaÃo-Áa, niya

`mware~ _ niya-Áa.

-…………a: koko àvadmyofi~ _ koko-…a, yoyŒ `mZaRe~ _ yoyo-…a, Ão `mSrali~

_ ÃoÃo-…a || xoxo-la.

-la: bersinab `lamazi~ _ bersinam-la, saRab `saRi, janmrTeli~ _ sa-

Rab-la, wodorab `Wkviani~ _ wodorab-la, lamusab `namusiani~ _ lamusab-

la.

rogorc magaliTebic gviCveneben (la sufiqsiT ZiriTadad xunZuri-

dan nasesxebi zedsarTavebi iwarmoeba [madieva 1965: 91]. analogiur viTare-

bas vawydebiT hunzibur dialeqtSi, mag.: beCedab `mdidari~ _ beCedab-la,

misqin `Raribi~ _ misqin-la.

hunziburi dialeqti, sakuTriv beJiturisagan gansxvavebiT, zedsarTa-

vi saxelis mravlobiTobis formantTa siuxviT ar gamoirCeva. -la sufiq-

sis garda, gvxvdeba -ar formanti, romelic zedsarTavis sada fuZes da-

erTvis, mag.: iCil-u `Zveli~, `moxuci~ _ iCil-ar, qiqir-u `wvrili~ _ qi-

qir-ar, yey-o `vrceli, farTo~ _ yey-ar da sxv.

Tu zedsarTav saxels klasis prefiqsuli eqsponenti moepoveba, maSin

igi dadgenili wesiT Seicvleba, rac klasis mravlobiTis niSnis darTvas

gulisxmobs, mag.: bˆ-y-u `didi~ _ rˆ-y-ar, bi-‡er-u `patara~ _ ri-‡er-ar da

mr. sxv.

beJituri ena mravlobiTobis warmoebisas arc leqsikur saSualebebs

aris moklebuli, Tumca igi am mxriv sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa analogi-

ur suraTs gviCvenebs da amitom masze aRar SevCerdebiT.

56

Tavi IV

saxeli

5.1. arsebiTi saxelis bruneba. beJituri enis brunvaTa sistemaSi, sxva

axlomonaTesave enaTa analogiurad, gairCeva ori jgufi: a) ZiriTadi

(konkretuli) da b) lokatiuri (abstraqtuli). ZiriTad brunvaTa jgufSi

xuTi brunva gamoiyofa: 1) saxelobiTi, 2) ergativi, 3) micemiTi, 4) naTesa-

obiTi, 5) instrumentalisi. lokatiur brunvaTa jgufi xuT brunvasa da

cxra serias aerTianebs.

bruneba aglutinaciuri tipisaa da erTian morfologiur process

warmoadgens. orive saxis (ZiriTadi, adgilobiTi) brunebisaTvis niSandob-

livia sufiqsacia _ TiToeul brunvis formas sakuTari gramatikuli ni-

Sani daerTvis da gamoxatavs: a) ZiriTad brunvebSi aqtantTa urTierTda-

mokidebulebas da kuTvnilebiTobas; b) lokatiur brunvebSi saganTa siv-

rcobriv mimarTebebs.

5.1.1. ZiriTadi brunvebi. brunvaTa sistemisTvis niSandoblivia ergati-

vis qona da braldebiTi brunvis uqonloba. garda amisa, zogi sxva mona-

Tesave enisagan gansxvavebiT, calke brunvad gamoiyofa instrumentalisi,

romelic aRniSnavs samoqmedo iaraRs (wita-d `daniT~), an irib brunvaSi

mdgar saxelis msazRvrels (yebedli-d aÃ‰ `mWedlis cols~).

1) saxelobiTi brunva warmoadgens amorful gramatikul erTeuls,

pirvelad (wmida) odenobas, romelic ar aris markirebuli da bazisur

fuZed miiCneva. orsave sakvlev dialeqtSi saxelobiTi brunvis forma da

saxelis pirveladi fuZe1 erTmaneTs etoleba. masTan, saxelobiTi brunvis

funqcia aris gardauval zmnasTan gadmosces realuri subieqti, xolo

gardamaval zmnasTan ki _ uaxloesi obieqti, mag.: beJ. ilus abo marat¾

1 zogjer `pirveladi~ fuZe SeiZleba gacveTili iyos da misi rekonstruqcia

monaTesave enaTa saTanado monacemebTan Sedarebisas movaxdinoT, mag.: beJ. abo (`mama~)

<*ab-ol <*am-ol (Sdr. xunZ. emen "id".)., beJ. boÃ (`mze~) <*biÃŸ da misT. amgvar

elementebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba sabrunebeli saxelis fuZis warmoebisas

mniSvnelovania.

57

lo `mamaCveni mTaze aris~, sin nukco ÁunÃiÁo `daTvi Tafls Wams~...; hunz.

beddo ‡‡‡‡ile bul'id met¾er (lomT. 2003: 250) `Semdeg Cven Sin wavediT~, Ÿ–

Áal uaÁs maɺga ɺ baxelloÁs `ZaRli ZaRlis tyavs ar daxevs~ da mr. sxv.

saxelobiTi brunvis forma, romelic fuZis magivrobasac eweva (gamo-

iyeneba ergativis sawarmoeblad), SeiZleba iyos xmovanfuZiani an Tanxmo-

vanfuZiani. es ki erTgvarad miesadageba erTfuZiani da orfuZiani brune-

bis tipebs [lomTaZe 1996: 139].

2) ergatiuli brunva iwarmoeba saxelobiTis formisagan ara uSua-

lod, aramed irib brunvaTa fuZeze saTanado niSnis darTviT. ergativi,

xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, instrumentaliss ar iTavsebs, radganac es

ukanaskneli damoukidebel brunvad gvevlineba.

beJituri enis hunzibur kiloSi ergativis niSnad TanxmovanfuZian sa-

xelebTan dasturdeba -lo, xolo xmovanfuZian saxelebTan oden -l(<-

lo). am SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia fuZisa da formantis urTierTzegav-

lenis nimuSi: fuZiseuli xmovani iwvevs formantiseuli xmovnis apokopes.

sak. beJitur kiloSi ergativis niSnad nulovani morfema gvaqvs [Sdr.

lomTaZe 1996: 140-142]. marTalia, dasturdeba saxelobiTi formis markire-

ba -di, -ba, -li, -la, -ti, -a, -i elementebiT, romlebic ergativis niSnis

iluzias qmnian, magram sinamdvileSi isini, hunziburTan SedarebiT, fuZis

formants warmoadgenen [ix. bokarevi 1959: 85; Sdr. madieva 1965: 66; xali-

lovi 1996: 396]. zogjer sak. beJitur dialeqtis ergativSi bolokiduri

xmovani grZeldeba (sax. l‘i `wyali~ _ erg. l‘‹), rac SesaZloa dakargu-

li formantis sakonpensacio sigrZes warmoadgendes. garda amisa, erTi

rigis saxelebSi (iÁo `deda~, abo `mama~, suko `kaci~...) saxelobiTisa da

ergativis formebi savsebiT emTxvevian erTmaneTs, rac odindeli viTare-

bis amsaxvelia.

3) micemiTi brunvis niSani sak. beJiturSi aris -l, xolo hunzibur

dialeqtSi _ xmovnis sigrZe, rac mokvecili sonoris erTgvari kompensa-

ciaa. savaraudoa, es Sepirobebuli iyos ergativisa da micemiTi brunvis

formaTa omonimiis Tavidan asacileblad: sak. beJitur dialeqtSi ergati-

58

vis niSani ikargvis, hunzibur dialeqtSi ki _ micemiTis niSani. amgvari

paralelizmi TvalSisacemia orsave dialeqtSi, mag.: hunz. sax. oJe `vaJi~

_ erg. oJdi-l, mic. oJd‹, naT. oJdi-s (<*oJedi-s); sak. beJ. sax. ÷J÷ `vaJi~ _

erg. ÷Jdi, mic. ÷Jdi-l, naT. ÷Jdi-s.

4) naTesaobiTi brunvis ZiriTadi niaSni orsave dialeqtSi, axlomo-

naTesave enaTa analogiurad, aris -s, romelic gaSiSinebis zogadi ten-

denciis safuZvelze -S-d transformirdeba.1

specialur literaturaSi calke gamoyofen meore naTesaobiTs, rome-

lic ergativisa da irib brunvaTa formebis msazRvrelad aris gamoyene-

buli [bokarevi 1959: 35; 84; madieva 1965: 70; xalilovi 1995: 396]. sak. beJi-

tur dialeqtSi meore naTesaobiTs sakuTari gramatikuli forma aqvs,

magram hunzibur dialeqtSi am funqciiT instrumentalisis forma gamoi-

yeneba.2

5) instrumentalisis niSnad boloxmovnian saxelebTan upiratesad -d

gvaqvs, xolo TanxmovanfuZian saxelebTan ki _ -do, rac ergatiuli brun-

vis niSanTan povebs paralelizms. amasTanave, es brunva oden ugono co-

cxal arsebaTa da usulo saganTa gamomxatveli saxelebis brunvaa. sagu-

lisxmoa, rom adamians _ aqtiur gonier arsebas es brunva ar aqvs da am

funqciiT mas ergativi enacvleba. cnobilia, rom saxelTa klasifikacia

ergativisa da instrumentalisis mixedviT meoreuli movlenaa [lomTaZe

1996: 171-172; Tofuria 1995: 85-86].

ZiriTad brunvaTa morfologiuri niSnebi sqematurad ase gamoixate-

ba:

1 e. lomTaZes SeniSnuli aqvs misi gaSiSineba tladalur kilokavSi [lomTaZe 1996:

151], Tumca –s > -S arc xaSarxutuli kilokavisTvis aris ucxo [xalilovi, ramazanovi

1992: 71], mag.: beJit. siÁo _ xaS. SiÁo `ra~...

2 irkveva, rom hunziburSi II naTesaobiTis gamoyofa safuZvels moklebulia,

radganac mas arc forma da arc funqcia damoukidebeli ar aqvs. rac Seexeba meore

naTesaobiTs sak. beJitur dialeqtSi, marTalia, sakuTari forma aqvs (nawarmoebi Cans

micemiTi formisagan a-s darTviT: naT. II. l‘‹l-a, Sdr. mic. l‘‹-l `wyals~), magram

atributivad aris gamoyenebuli da, amdenad, moklebulia gansxvavebul funqcias. axali

brunvis gamosayofad ki saWiroa ara mxolod niSani, aramed sakuTari funqciac.

59

a) sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

brunvebi brunvaTa niSnebi brunebis nimuSi leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

saxelobiTi

ergativi

micemiTi

naTesaobiTi

instrumentalisi

_

-lo, -l, -la, -Ø

-l

-s, -S

-do, -d

sora

sorali

sorali-l

sorali-s

sorali-d

mela

melam

melas

melas(i)

melaTi

b) hunziburi dialeqti

brunvebi brunvaTa niSnebi brunebis nimuSi leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

saxelobiTi

ergativi

micemiTi

naTesaobiTi

instrumentalisi

_

-lo, -l

-Ø

-s

-do, -d

Tofi

Tofil-lo

Tofil-‰

Tofilo-s

Tofil-do

Tofi

Tofma

Tofs

Tofis

TofiT

5.1.2. sabrunebeli saxelis fuZe. sabrunebel saxelTa analizisas, er-

Ti mxriv, saxelobiTis, xolo, meore mxriv, ergativisa da irib brunvaTa

Cvenebis safuZvelze, gamoiyofa: a) mxoloobiTi ricxvis wminda (pirdapi-

ri) fuZe, romelic saxelobiTis formas eTanabreba, b) ergativisa da e. w.

irib brunvaTa fuZe, g) mravlobiTi ricxvis bazisuri fuZe da d) mravlo-

biTis ergativisa da irib brunvaTa fuZe.

a) wminda fuZed ganixileba saxelobiTis (resp. absolutivis) forma,

romelic nulovani morfemiT aris warmodgenili. swored amgvari forma

erTfuZiani brunebis dros ucvlelad gahyveba yvela brunvas.1 orfuZian

brunebaSi, moyolebuli ergatividan instrumentalisis CaTvliT, -V, -VC

1 calkeuli gadaxrebi fonetikuri xasiaTisaa, mag.: hunz. sax. can `marili“ _ naT.

CinÁo-s, sax. oJe `vaJi“ _ erg. oJdi-l (<*oJedi-l) da misT.

60

struqturis elementebiT nawarmoebi fuZe gamoiyeneba.

b) marTalia, iribi fuZe ZiriTadad saxelobiTi brunvis aramarkire-

bul formas emyareba, magram zogjer misgan mkafiod gansxvavdeba. ergati-

visa da irib brunvaTa fuZe iwarmoeba saxelobiTi brunvis formisagan

sxvadasxva warmomavlobis elementebis darTviT, romlebsac nairgvari

terminebiT (`CanarTi elementi“, `damakavSirebeli xmovani“, `savrcobi“...)

moixsenieben. fuZis formantad gamoiyeneba: 1) an oden Tanxmovani: sak. beJ.

-a, -o, -i (>||-Á), -e; hunz. -a, -o, -e, -i, -u; 2) anda -CV (-SV) modelis formanti:

sak. beJ. -di(>||-ti), -ba, -li, -la;1 hunz. -di, -do, -du, -bo, -li, -la, -lo,

-Áo, -ru, -ra, -ro, -mo.2 marcvlovani struqturis formantebi SeiZleba da-

iSalon Sesabamis Tanxmovnur (savrcobi, determinanti, brunvis odindeli

niSani) da xmovnur (e. w. damakavSirebeli xmovani) elementebad.

rac Seexeba im rigis magaliTebs (boÃ `mze“ _ biÃo, boco `mTvare“ _

bico...), romelTa fuZiseuli xmovani alternirebulia, isini xSirad arqe-

tipebs inaxaven, mag.: boÃ (<*biÃ…) `mze“, qoro (<*q…ara, Sdr. Wam. q…ada

`xelSi“) `xelis mtevani“ da misT.

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebaze wina paragrafSi gvqonda saubari,

amitom am sakiTxs aq aRar SevexebiT. mravlobiTi ricxvis irib brunvaTa

fuZis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT aris msjeloba specialur literaturaSi [ix.

bokarevi 1959: 35; 83-84; van den bergi 1995: 41...].

5.1.3. brunebis tipebi. beJitur enaSi arsebiT saxelTa fuZis struqtu-

ris mixedviT brunebis ori ZiriTadi tipi gamoiyofa: 1) martivfuZiani da

2) rTulfuZiani. amasTanave, SeiniSneba fuZeTa anomaliuri warmoebac, rac

ganyenebulad unda iqnes ganxiluli.

1) martivfuZiani (resp. erTfuZiani) brunebis mixedviT ibrunvis saxel-

Ta SedarebiT mcire jgufi, romelic fuZed iyenebs saxelobiTis aramar-

kirebul formas da mas urTavs saTanado brunvis niSnebs. am tipis mixed-

1 e. bokarevi damatebiT gamoyofs -da formants [bokarevi 1959: 82]: led ìremi“ _

led-da, qed `sakidela“ _ qed-da. sinamdvileSi am rigis magaliTebSi asimilaciasa da

reduplikaciasTan unda gvqondes saqme: qed-la (Sdr. hunz. qod-lo "id".) > qed-da, can-Áa

\Sdr. hunz. can-i "id".) > can-na da a. S.

2 ix. bokarevi 1959: 81_83; van den bergi 1995: 37-38.

61

viT ibrunvian xmovanfuZiani sazogado da sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebi.

sak. beJituri dialeqtis mravlobiTi ricxvis -rol sufiqsze dasru-

lebul saxelTa irib fuZeSi -lara sonorTa metaTezisisa da xmovanTa

asimilaciis (o...a → a...a) Sedegi Cans: -rol (<-rola) > -lara: sax. s‹‹‹‹-rol

`daTvebi“ _ s‹-(lara (<s‹-rala, Sdr. xaS. abo-rala `mamebi“).

hunzibur dialeqtSi mravlobiTis bazisur fuZes, romelsac mravlo-

biTobis sufiqsi erTvis da gahyveba yvela brunvaSi, emateba iribi fuZis

formanti -la (> || -l) da brunvis niSani, mag.: sˆ `daTvi“ _ mr. sˆ-bur _

erg. sˆ-bur-la-l da a. S. brunebis sailustracio paradigmebi:



sax. iÁo `deda“ iÁo-rol qŒ `xeli“ qŒ-da

erg. iÁo iÁo-la-ra qŒ qŒ-da-ra

mic. iÁo-l iÁo-la-ra-l qŒ-l qŒ-da-ra-l

naT. iÁo-s iÁo-la-ras qŒ-s/qa-s qŒ-da-ra-s

instr. 1 qŒ-d qŒ-da-ra-d

hunziburi dialeqti


sax. o ɺbu `mama“ o ɺbu-…a ÃoÃo `saxli“ ÃoÃo-…a

erg. o ɺbu-l o ɺbu-…a-l-lo ÃoÃo-l ÃoÃo-…a-l-lo

mic. o ɺbî o ɺbu-…a-l‰ ÃoÃŒ ÃoÃo-…a-l‰

naT. o ɺbu-l o ɺbu-…a-la-s ÃoÃo-s ÃoÃo-…a-la-s

instr. ÃoÃo-d ÃoÃo-…a-la-d

1 instrumentalisi gonier cocxal arsebebs Cveulebriv ar moepovebaT, magram aqvT

naTesaobiTis funqciiT gamoyenebuli instrumentalisi, mag.: bal‘aÁo-d qilus yam

`xanjlis (zedmiw. `xanjliT“) rkinis Tavi“.

62

mx. r. mr. r.

sax. wˆ `cecxli“ wˆ-bur

erg. wˆ-l wˆ-bur-la

mic. wï wˆ-bur-l‰

naT. wˆ-s wˆ-bur-la-s

instr. wˆ-d wˆ-bur-la-d

analogiurad ibrunvis: suko `kaci“, isi `da“, sin `daTvi“, niSe `Rame“,

S‘n� `saflavi“, S‘g÷S÷…� `faSati“, y÷W÷ `xvreli“, `WuWrutana“, yŒ `ska-

mi“ da sxv.

2) rTulfuZiani (resp. erTfuZiani) tipis mixedviT ibrunvian rogorc

TanxmovanfuZiani, ise xmovanfuZiani sazogado da sakuTari arsebiTi saxe-

lebi. rTulfuZiani bruneba pirobiTad or qvetipad iyofa:

a) pirveli qvetipis mixedviT brunebisas sabrunebeli saxelis ara-

markirebul fuZes awarmoebs an oden xmovnuri elementi (-a, -e, -o, -i, -u),

anda -CV (-SV) modelis formanti (-di > || -ti, -do, -du, -li, -la, -lo, -ba,

-bo, -ra, -ro, -ru, -Áo, -mo), romlebic sada fuZes erTgvarad arTuleben.1

swored am elementebis Semcvel fuZes uSualod daerTvis brunvis saTa-

nado niSani.

beJituri enis arsebiT saxelTa brunebaze dakvirveba naTelyofs,

rom xunZur-andiur enaTa ergativze damyarebuli orfuZiani bruneba aq ar

SeimCneva [Sdr. lomTaZe 1996: 175]. faqtobrivad beJitur enaSi fuZis orfu-

Zianobaze damyarebuli bruneba gvaqvs. sak. beJitur dialeqtSi erTi Se-

xedviT ergativis mzamzareul formas imeorebs irib brunvaTa fuZe, mag-

ram am SemTxvevaSi ergativis niSani dakarguli Cans [lomTaZe 1996: 140].

1 ama Tu im saxelis fuZes romeli elementi daerTvis winaswar, morfologiuri

niSnis mixedviT, amocnoba SeuZlebelia. zogjer saxelis fuZis amgvari markeri

saxelobiTSi gamqralia da irib brunvebSi aRdgenisas fuZis sawarmoebeli afiqsis

iluzias qmnis, mag.: hunz. sax. s– (<*s–ro, Sdr. sak. beJ. sora "id".) _ erg. saro-l.

sinamdvileSi -ro elementi fuZiseulia [gudava 1979: 116-117].

63

es, SesaZloa, paradigmis simetriulobam Seapiroba, radgan ergativisa da

micemiTi brunvebis damTxveva iqna Tavidan acilebuli. hunzibur dialeqt-

Si micemiTi brunvis niSani (-l) ikargvis, Tumca, sak. beJiturisagan gan-

sxvavebiT, sakompensacio sigrZes tovebs: sax. malu `frCxili“ _ erg.

mˆla-l, mic. mˆl‰.

unda aRiniSnos, rom ìrib“ brunvaTa zemomoyvanil formantebis kva-

lifikaciis dros specialistTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa: erTni maT

iribi fuZis sawarmoebel sufiqsebad (resp. determinativebad) miiCneven

[bokarevi 1959: 33-35; 81-83; gudava 1971, 68...], meoreni am elementebs CanarT,

damakavSirebel xmovnebad Tvlian [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 122; imnaiSvili

1963: 57-67...], mesameni maT brunvis niSans miakuTvneben [megreliZe 1958: 224,

231; lomTaZe 1996: 142, 153; Tofuria 1987: 193...].

Cveni SexedulebiT, is xmovnuri elementebi, romlebic sada fuZesa

da brunvis niSans Soris daCndeba, SeiZleboda brunvis niSnisTvis migve-

kuTvnebina, radganac swored brunvis markerTa darTva iwvevs maT gaCenas.

amgvari elementebis saWiroeba morfonologiuri procesis Sedegia, rad-

ganac srulxmovnobis pirobebSi TanxmovanTkompleqsebis superacias axde-

nen [ardoteli 2000: 29]. amas gvavaraudebinebs is faqti, rom saanalizo

xmovanTa darTva TanxmovanfuZiani saxelebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli,

mag.: sax. ong `culi“ _ naT. ong-i-s, instr. ong-i-d. auslautSi g+s, g+d

TanxmovanTkompleqsebi am enis fonotaqtikis mixedviT bunebrivi ar iqne-

boda da maTi superacia momxdara. I qvetipis mixedviT nabruneb saxelTa

paradigmebi:

a) xmovandarTuli fuZeebi


sax. …an `tye“ bit¾ `cxvari“ y�m `Tavi“

erg. …ana bit¾i y�mi

mic. …ana-l bit¾i-l y�mi-l

naT. …ana-s bit¾i-s y�mi-s

instr. …ana-d bit¾i-d y�mi-d

64

hunziburi dialeqti

sax. mˆc èna“ ons `xari“ Wit `dana“

erg. mˆca-l onsi-l Wito-l

mic. mˆc‰ ons‹ WitŒ

naT. mˆca-s onsi-s Wito-s

instr. mˆca-d onsi-d Wito-d

b) -CV (-SV) struqturis formantiani fuZeebi

mxoloobiTi ricxvi

sax. oJe `vaJi“ qid `gogo“1 mesed òqro“

erg. oJi qidbo-l mesedli

mic. oJdi-l qidbŒ mesedli-l

naT. oJdi-s qidbo-s mesedli-s

instr. _ _ mesedli-d

mravlobiTi ricxvi

sax. oJe-da qid-bar

erg. oJe-da-ra qid-ba-l-lo

mic. oJe-da-ra-l qid-ba-l‰

naT. oJe-da-ra-s qid-ba-la-s

instr.

analogiurad ibrunvian: Äadam àdamiani“, mamali `mamali“, can `Txa“,

suraT `suraTi“, Sag `qvabi“, maduhan `mezobeli“, xorRo `xerxi“, hino

`gza“, del ìremi“, oR `qeri“, qil `rkina“, ÃazaÃ `qarTveli“; hunca `Wian-

Wvela“ da mr. sxv.

1 es saxeli hunziburi monacemia da sak. beJiturisagan met-nakleb gadaxras

gviCvenebs.

65

b) meore qvetipis mixedviT ibrunvian is saxelebi, romelTa fuZe xmo-

vanze sruldeba da brunebis procesSi es xmovnebi, fuZis sawarmoebeli

xmovnis darTvis gamo, ekvecebaT. warmovadgenT xmovanTa wyvileulebs,

romlebSic pirveli saxelobiTis xmovania, meore ki _ iribi fuZisa: o _

a, o _ i, oN _ a, No _ e, e _ a, e _ i, u _ i, u _ e, u _ o, a _ i.

e _ a e _ i o _ i o _ a

sax. nen-e `ZuZu“ R�de `yvavi“ bawo `mgeli“ kado `kibe“

erg. nen-a (<*nene-a) R�d-i (<*R�de-i) baw-i (<*bawo-i) kad-a (<*kado-a)

mic. nen-a-l R�d-i-l baw-i-l kad-a-l

naT. nen-a-s R�d-i-s baw-i-s kad-a-s

instr. nen-a-d R�d-i-d baw-i-d kad-a-d

msgavsadve ibrunvian Semdegi saxelebi: Áako `guli“, naco `tili“;

aÃo `coli“, `qali“, hel'e `kakali“, �le `maTraxi“, …odo 1. `dRe“, 2. `wvi-

ma“ da mr. sxv.

sagulisxmoa, rom hunzibur dialeqtSi irib brunvaTa fuZe kargavs

bolokidur Tanxmovans an mTlian marcvals, rac haplologiis movlenaze

migvaniSnebs [van den bergi 1995: 39], mag.: hoɺbur `wisqvili“ _ naT. hoɺbu-s,

hare `Tvali“ _ naT. ha-s, h-oɺle `fexi“ _ naT. ho ɺ-s da misT.

5.1.4. sakuTar saxelTa bruneba. hunzibur dialeqtSi TanxmovanfuZiani

sakuTari saxelebi ergatiul brunvaSi -lo sufiqss dairTaven, xolo na-

TesaobiTSi -lo-s adgilas -i gamovlindeba, romelic wminda fuZiseuli

Cans, ergativsa da instrumentalisSi -CV struqturis formantis xmovnis

gavleniT mokvecili. sailustracio magaliTebi:

sax. JabraÄil `gabrieli“ faTimaT `fatimaTi“

erg. JabraÄil-lo faTimaT-lo

mic. JabraÄil-‹ faTimaT‹

naT. JabraÄili-s faTimaTi-s

instr. JabraÄil-do faTimaT-do

66

beJitur dialeqtSi ergativis niSani ar gvaqvs da fuZiseuli -i da-

culia, mag.: sax. muh>amad `muhamedi“ _ erg. muh>amadi, mic. muh>amad‹, naT.

muh>amadi-s, instr. muh>amadi-d.

5.1.5. ZiriTad brunvaTa funqciebi. ZiriTad brunvaTa funqciebi qro-

nologiurad ase warmogvidgeba:

1) saxelobiTi brunvis funqcia aris gardauvali zmnis subieqtisa da

gardamavali zmnis uaxloesi obieqtis gamoxatva, mag.: oJe (sax. br. RS)

‡al'a-‡aS gŒro (sak. beJ.) `biWi soflidan movida“, biSe (erg. RS) ho ɺrol

(mic. RO) honhen (hunz.) `xbo Zroxas wovs“.

2) ergativi, rogorc cnobilia, gardamavali zmnis subieqts gadmo-

scems. igi umTavresad aqtiuri bunebis cocxal arsebaTa gamomxatveli

brunvaa da ver iTavsebs nivTTa (iaraRebis) brunvis _ instrumentalisis

funqcias, rogorc es aris xunZur-andiur enebSi. zogadad, didour eneb-

Si, konkretulad, beJitur enaSi ergativi da instrumentalisi saxelebs

orad yofen: pirvel jgufSi gaerTiandeba adamianisa da masTan gaTanabre-

bul sulier arsebaTa saxelebi, romlebic wesisamebr ergativs moiTxo-

ven, xolo meore jgufSi Seva yvela danarCeni saxeli, romlebic moqmede-

bis iaraRs gamoxataven da instrumentaliss igueben, mag.: bawi-l (erg. RS)

b-it¾en lo ˆrm–tu (sax. RO) (hunz.) `mgelma mokla viri“.

3) micemiT brunvis ZiriTadi funqcia aris gardamavali zmnis iribi

obieqtis gamoxatva, mag.: hunz. ‡isa-l (erg. RS) oɺbî (mic. ir. obieqt.)

t¾oyol (sax. RO) nˆl'–r (lomT. 1996: 155) ìsam mamas qudi misca“. garda

amisa, verba sentiendi-s tipis zmnebSi, romlebic inversiuli bunebisani ari-

an, subieqti micemiTi brunviT gamoixateba: hunz. s–ro ɺ‰ o ɺgu maw–r `melas

is (yvavi) eCvena“.

micemiTi brunvis meSveobiT gamoixateba adgilisa da drois garemoe-

ba, daniSnuleba da misT.

67

4) naTesaobiTi brunva, rogorc wesi, kuTvnilebiTobas gadmoscems. am

brunvas SeuZlia atributivis funqciac itvirTos, rac axlomonaTesave

enebisTvisac niSandoblivia. atributul sintagmaSi msazRvreli uZRvis

sazRvruls.

5) instrumentalisi umTavresi funqcia samoqmedo iaraRis gamoxatvaa,

mag.: CaCalli (erg. RS) TaTo-d (instr.) bil'o (sax. RO) ÁŒs (beJ.) `CaCnebi

(`CaCnebma“) talaxiT saxls (`saxli“) akeTeben“.

instrumentalisi, rogorc iTqva, iaraRs gamoxatavs, amitom adamianis

aRmniSvnel saxelebTan am funqciiT naklebad gvxvdeba. Tu instrumenta-

lisi naTesaobiTi brunvis funqciiT aris gamoyenebuli, maSin am brunvis

forma hunzibur dialeqtSi irib brunvebSi mdgar saxelebs gansazRvravs,

mag.: kima s–rod Sika raÃur (lomT. 2003: 319) `yveli meliis pirSi (`pirs“)

Cavarda“, Äaw–n sˆg ru…o bowlo-d kimali-s (van 1995: 183) àT-aT gudas

akeTebs cxvris yvelisas“ da mr. sxv.

garda zemoTqmulisa, instrumentialiss SeiZleba daekisros droisa

da mizezis zmnisarTebis gadmocemis funqciac.

5.1.6. lokatiuri brunvebi. lokatiur brunvaTa sistema sak. beJitur

dialeqtSi cxra serias qmnis, xolo hunziubr dialeqtSi _ rva serias

[xalilovi 1995: 397, isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 264]. yoveli seria garkveul

sivrcobriv mimarTebas gamoxatavs sxva sagnis mimarT. TiToeul serias

xuTi (sak. beJ.) an oTxi (hunz.) brunva aqvs, romlebic SeiZleba daiyos or

ZiriTad jgufad: a) mdgomareobis gamomxatveli (statikuri) (sad?), b) mo-

Zraobis gamomxatveli (dinamikuri) (saiTken? saidan? ris gavliT?).

unda aRiniSnos, rom beJituri ena gamoirCeva lokatiur brunvaTa si-

uxviT _ maTi ricxvi ormocs aWarbebs. lokatiur brunvaTa simravle met-

naklebad anazRaurebs TandebulTa simcires, rac niSandoblivia sakvlevi

enisaTvis.

arsebuli specialuri literaturis mimoxilva cxadyofs, rom loka-

tiur brunvaTa raodenoba da Taviseburebani dialeqtebis mixedviT Tval-

saCino sxvaobas gviCveneben [bokarevi 1959: 39-41; 89-92; madieva 1965: 71-78, xa-

68

lilovi 1995: 397; vanden bergi 1995: 44-49; isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 264-265...].

5.2. lokatiur brunvaTa warmoeba. beJituri enis sak. beJitur dia-

leqtSi gamoiyofa cxra seria da TiToeul seriaSi erTiandeba xuT-xuTi

lokatiuri brunva: 1. adgilobiTi (Locativus), 2. mimarTulebiTi (Allativus), 3.

daSorebiTi (Elativus), 4. TanaobiTi (Additivus), 5. SualobiTi (Translativus).

TiTveul am brunvaTagans Tav-Tavisi mawarmoebeli moepoveba: mimarTkule-

biTs _ martivi niSani, danarCens brunvebs _ rTuli (adgilobiTis niSani

+ sxva saTanado brunvaTa niSani).

sak. beJitur dialeqtSi seriebi sqematurad ase warmogvidgeba:

seria

daboloe-

ba

semantika

sailustracio magaliTebi

I seria -t¾¾¾¾a `-ze~, `zed~

(horizontalurad)

qiliÁavri sid halt¾a Ãos racÃa `qliavi

erT totze erTi abia (ìqneba~)~.

II seria -l‘ `-ze~

(vertikalurad)

Sedi-l‘ onz geÁ `kldeze Tovli aris~

III seria -Ãa `-Tan~

(mic. mniSvnelobiT)

nil'a oqro abo-Ãa! `mieci fuli mamas!~

IV seria -Ra `-Tan~, `maxlob-

lad~

isi-Ra ÷J÷ geÁ `dis axlos vaJi aris~

V seria -‡‡‡‡/-‡‡‡‡o `-Si~, `SigniT~ do et¾ero TelavriÁa-‡ `me wavedi Telav-

Si~ hoql'ol waK bacca baRila‡ h>altezi

aÃal (lomT. 2003: 167) `mas Zalian uyvars

baRSi muSaoba~

VI seria -la‡‡‡‡ `-ad~ (mic. mniSvne-

lobiT) `Si~

Wadi-la‡ ca geÁ (madieva 1965: 76] `WadSi ma-

rili aris~

VII seria -RoÁ `-iT~, `-Tan~, èr-

Tad~

÷Jdi-RoÁ biSe met¾eÁo `biWTan erTad xbo

wavida~

VIII seria -doÁ `-Si~, `-ken~, `max-

loblad~

di-doÁ qaRaÁ Áoyo [madieva 1965: 76] `me

(`Cemsken~) werili momivida~

IX seria -l' `qveS~ ‡istolia-l' l'iro taqani geli (lomT.

2003: 181) `magidis qveS dabla Wiqa aris~

69

hunziburSi analogiuri viTareba dasturdeba im gansxvavebiT, rom

beJ. -RoÁ-is nacvlad -g(o) gvaqvs, -doÁ-s nacvlad _ -d––––r, -R-s gacvlad _ -

g, -‡‡‡‡-s nacvlad _ -V ɸ. masTan, TanxmovanfuZian saxelebTan xmovani SenarCu-

nebulia (xox-t¾o `xeze~), xolo xmovanfuZianebTan _ mokvecili (t¾odo-t¾

`xidze~). garda amisa, calke gamoiyofa -diÁa (`-Tvis~) sufiqsiani seria

[ix. bokarevi 1959: 41].

hunzibur dialeqtSi lokatiur brunvaTa sistema seriebis saxiT ase

gamoixateba:

seria

daboloe-

ba

semantika

sailustracio magaliTebi

I seria -t¾¾¾¾o/-t¾¾¾¾ `-ze~, `zed~

(horizontalurad)

–gi b–d xox-t¾¾¾¾o t¾odo ØunCen lo ìs am

xeze zed axta~. bel‘–-t¾ ent¾oll‘... `sana-

dirod (`nadirze~) wasvlis Semdeg~.

II seria -l‘ `-ze~

(vertikalurad)

t¾oyol b–x–l–n lo n–su-l‘ `qudi kidia

kedelze~ (`kedels~)~

III seria -g/-go `-Tan~, `gverdiT~

(mic. mniSvnelobiT)

...qa ɺngn s–-s–sˆd-go hansWit yuruS oqro

nˆl'–n li (van 1995: 246) `...xelSi TiToe-

uls asi oqro misca~

IV seria -Rur `-Tan~, `maxloblad~,

`-urT~

s– xonx-Rur inCoqer `mela xesTan mivida~

V seria -V ɸɸ ɸɸ `-Si~, `SigniT~ ...–gi qe…ril-‰‰‰‰ ɺ ɺ ɺ ɺ endu diÁ Rino lo (van 1995:

215) ìm qvevrSi Sig Cemi Rvino aris~.

VI seria -d––––r `-ken~ o ɺbu Øent¾er horo-d––––r `mama wavida Zroxe-

bisken~

VII seria -l' `qveS~, `Zirs~ gamaWa-l' ˆns lo `qvis qveS wyaro aris~

VIII seria -t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾ `vinmes (ramis) ga-

vliT~

enxi-t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾ tˆr– gulur (isay., xalil. 2001:

265) `mdinareze xidi gadves~

IX seria -diÁa `-Tvis~ dibi-diÁa iÁul wˆndar ru‰ `SenTvis deda

windebs qsovs~

70

Cven, Sesabamisi cxrilebis saxiT, warmovadgineT mdgomareobis gamo-

mxatveli adgilobiTi brunva. dinamikur brunvaTa seriebis mixedviT ki

aseT suraTs gveqneba: mimarTulebis niSnad dasturdeba -l (sak. beJ.), _ r

(hunz.), daSorebiTis niSnad _ -s, -s–, SualobiTis (resp. translativis) niS-

nad ki _ t¾‰ (sak. beJ.), _ t¾/-t¾i (hunz.). sak. beJitur dialeqtSi damoukide-

bel brunvad gamoyofen TanaobiTs (resp. aditivs), romlis niSnadac -d‰

gvxvdeba. zemoCamoTvlili daboloebebi daerTvis ìrib~ brunvaTa fuZes.

arigad, yvela brunvisa da seriis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT, loka-

tiur brunvaTa daboloebebis sqema Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba:

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqti

brunvebi

seriebi

adgilobiTi

(Locativus)

sad?

mimarTulebi-

Ti

(Allativus )

saiTken?

daSorebiTi

(Elativus)

saidan?

TanaobiT-mimar-

TulebiTi

(Additivus )

saiTken visTan

(rasTan) erTad?

SualobiTi

(Translativus)

ris gavliT?

I -t¾¾¾¾a -t¾¾¾¾a-l -t¾¾¾¾a-s -t¾¾¾¾a-d‰‰‰‰ -t¾¾¾¾a-l-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

II -l‘ -l‘-co -l‘-co-s -l‘-d‰‰‰‰ -l‘-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

III -Ãa -Ãa-l -Ãa-s -Ãa-d‰‰‰‰ -Ãa-l-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

IV -Ra -Ra-l -Ra-s -Ra-d‰‰‰‰ -Ra-l-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

V -‡‡‡‡ -‡‡‡‡i-l, -‡‡‡‡a-l,

-‡‡‡‡e-l, -‡‡‡‡o-l

-‡‡‡‡i-s/S, -‡‡‡‡a-s'S,

-‡‡‡‡e-s/S-‡‡‡‡o-s/S

-‡‡‡‡-d‰‰‰‰ -‡‡‡‡-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

VI -la‡‡‡‡ -la‡‡‡‡-al -la-‡‡‡‡a-s -la‡‡‡‡-d‰‰‰‰ -la‡‡‡‡-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

VII -RoÁ -RoÁ-l -RoÁ-s -RoÁ-d‰‰‰‰ -RoÁ-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

VIII -doÁ -doÁ-l -doÁ-s -doÁ-d‰‰‰‰ -doÁ-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

IX -l' -l'-co -l'-co-s -l'-d‰‰‰‰ -l'-t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰

71

hunziburi dialeqti

brunvebi

seriebi

adgilobiT-mimarTu-

lebiTi

(Locativus-Allativus)

sad? saiTken?

daSorebiTi

(Elativus)

saidan?

direqtivi

(Dirrectivus )

saiTken?

SualobiTi

(Translativus)

ris gavliT?

I -t¾¾¾¾o/-t¾¾¾¾ -t¾¾¾¾a-s -t¾¾¾¾o-d -t¾¾¾¾a-t¾¾¾¾

II -l‘ -l‘-–––– -l‘-od -l‘-t¾¾¾¾i

III -go/-g -go-s _ _

IV -Rur -Rur-s–––– _ -Rur-t¾¾¾¾i

V -V ɸɸ ɸɸ -V ɸɸ ɸɸ-s -V-d -V-t¾¾¾¾

VI -d––––r -d––––r-s–––– _ -d––––r-t¾¾¾¾i

VII -l' -l'-s–––– -l'o-d _

VIII -t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾ -t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾-s–––– -t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾-do -t¾¾¾¾ot¾¾¾¾-t¾¾¾¾i

rogorc zemomoyvanili tabula gviCvenebs, lokatiur brunvaTa rao-

denoba hunzibur dialeqtSi naklebia da paradigma _ nakluli. specialu-

ri literaturis mixedviT, hunziubri dialeqtis lokatiur brunvaTa pa-

radigma ufro metad defeqturia [bokarevi 1959: 39; isayovi 1987: 193; van

den bergi 1995: 45]. amgvari viTareba ori garemoebiT aixsneba: a) an para-

digma nakluli gamxdara mis wevrTa erTmaneTze damTxveviT _ adgilobi-

Ti mimarTulebiTis funqciasac iTavsebs, b) anda saTanado formebi da

amosavali semantika jerjerobiT gamovlenili ar aris.

72

sailustraciod vimowmebT brunebis paradigmas:

mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

sax. Ä�d�m adamiani~ Ä�d�m-l�

erg. Ä�d�mli-Ø Ä�d�ml‰

mic. Ä�d�mli-l Ä�d�ml‰-l

naT. Ä�d�mli-s Ä�d�ml‰-s

instr. Ä�d�mli-d1 Ä�d�ml‰-d

1 am saxels instrumentalisi ewarmoeba maSin, roca igi irib brunvaTa formis

msazRvrelad naTesaobiTi brunvis funqciiT ixmareba.

73

brunvebi

seriebi

adgilobi-

Ti

sad?

mimarTulebiTi

saiTken?

daSorebiTi

saidan?

TanaobiT-mimar-

TulebiTi

saiTken visTan

(rasTan) erTad?

SualobiTi

ris gavliT?

I Ä�d�mli-t¾a Ä�d�mli-t¾a-l Ä�d�mli-t¾a-s Ä�d�mli-t¾a-d‰ Ä�d�mli-t¾a-l-

t¾a

II Ä�d�mli-l‘ Ä�d�mli-l‘-co Ä�d�m-l‘-co-s Ä�d�mli-l‘-d‰ Ä�d�mli-l‘-t¾a

III Ä�d�mli-Ãa Ä�d�mli-Ãa-l Ä�d�mli-Ãa-s Ä�d�mli-Ãa-d‰ Ä�d�mli-Ãa-l-

t¾‰

IV Ä�d�mli-Ra Ä�d�mli-Ra-l Ä�d�mli-Ra-s Ä�d�mli-Ra-d‰ Ä�d�mli-Ra-l-

t¾‰

V Ä�d�mli-‡ Ä�d�mli-‡a-l Ä�d�mli-‡a-s Ä�d�mli-‡-d‰ Ä�d�mli-‡-t¾‰

VI Ä�d�mli-

la‡

Ä�d�mli-la‡-

al

Ä�d�mli-la‡a-

s

Ä�d�mli-la‡-d‰ Ä�d�mli-la‡-

t¾‰

VII Ä�d�mli-

RoÁ

Ä�d�mli-RoÁ-l Ä�d�mli-RoÁ-s Ä�d�mli-RoÁ-d‰ Ä�d�mli-RoÁ-

t¾‰

VIII Ä�d�mli-

doÁ

Ä�d�mli-doÁ-l Ä�d�mli-doÁ-s Ä�d�mli-doÁ-d‰ Ä�d�mli-doÁ-

t¾‰

IX Ä�d�mli-l' Ä�d�mli-l'-co Ä�d�mli-l'-

co-s

Ä�d�mli-l'-d‰ Ä�d�mli-l'-t¾a

74

5.3. lokatiur brunvaTa funqciebi. lokatiuri brunvebi gamoxataven

sivrcobriv, droismier da mizez-Sedegobriv konkretul mimarTebebs.

garda amisa, niSandoblivia lokatiur formaTa konkretuli semantikis

ganzogadebis tendencia, rac mkafiod daCndeba ZiriTad brunvaTa niSnebis

struqturaSi. lokatiur brunvaTa markerebis ganzogadebiTa da maTi Zi-

riTadi brunvis sawarmoebel fuZeze darTviT xdeba ama Tu im brunvis

Camoyalibeba. lokatiur brunvaTa simravle sxva wris enaTa windebuliani

brunvebis erTgvari kompensaciaa.

beJiturSi iseve, rogorc mis axlomonaTesave enebSi, lokatiuri

brunvebi funqciur-semantikurad or jgufad iyofa:

1) sabrunebeli saxelis e. w. irib fuZes uSualod daerTvis martivi

daboloeba, romelic sagnis adgilmdebareobas gamoxatavs. es aris Ziri-

Tadi adgilobiTi brunva, romelsac formobliv-funqciurad emyareba sxva

lokatiur brunvaTa formebi. amgvari adgilobiTi brunvis meSveobiT xde-

ba pirveladi sivrcobriv-drouli ganzomilebis konkretizacia (`-ze~, `-

Tan~,; `-Si~,; `-iT~, èrTad~, `maxloblad~, `qveS~...).

2) adgilobiTi brunvis cvlil Tu ucvlel formas uSualod erTvis

dinamikur lokatiur brunvaTa (mimarTulebiTi, daSorebiTi, TanaobiT-mi-

marTulebiTi, SualobiTi) formebis gamomxatveli niSnebi, romlebic uf-

ro metad azusteben da akonkreteben saganTa sivrcobriv mimarTebebs. sa-

ganTa da movlenaTa amgvari gamoxatva (qva-Si-iT, qva-ze-iT...), rac ganyene-

buli azrovnebis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia, enis funqcionirebis adreul

safexurze Cans sagulvebeli.

75

5.2. zedsarTavi saxeli. beJitur enaSi zedsarTavi, rogorc sagnis ni-

San-Tvisebis gamomxatveli atributuli saxeli, arsebiTi saxelis msa-

zRvrelad aris gamoyenebuli da am ukanasknels atributul sintagmaSi

Cveulebriv win uswrebs, mag.: Ø-ixalo ÷J÷ `malali biWi~, Á-uyo qid `di-

di gogo~, b-ayo bisa `mZime Tevzi~ da a. S. zogjer SeiZleba zedsarTavi

gasubstantivebuli iyos da Sesabamisad sazRvruli arc axldes, magram

amgvar SemTxvevaSi sazRvruli mainc igulisxmeba. kerZod, gasubstantive-

bul zedsarTavSi klasifikatoris saSualebiT masSi moazrebuli (gamo-

tovebuli) subieqtis an obieqtis Sesabamisi klasi aRiniSneba. faqtis kon-

statacia: Tu zedsarTavi saxeli klasniSniania (klasis eqsponenti oden

prefiqsad moudis), maSin klas-niSani sazRvrulis klasze miuTiTebs.

5.2.1. zedsarTavi saxelis jgufebi da maTi warmoeba. beJitur enaSi

gamoiyofa zedsarTavi saxelis sami ZiriTadi jgufi: 1) viTarebiTi, 2) mi-

marTebiTi, 3) kuTvnilebiTi.

1) viTarebiTi (pirveladi) aris iseTi zedsarTavi saxeli, romelic

arsebiTi saxelis (sazRvrulis) sxvadasxvagvar niSan-Tvisebas axasiaTebs

met-naklebi odenobiT. amgvari zedsarTavebi ganarCeven gramatikul klas-

sa da ricxvs [ix. 3.2.4].

klas-kategoriis mixedviT, viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxelebi iyofa

or jgufad: a) klasniSniani da b) uklasniSno. uklasniSno zedsarTavTa

ricxvi klasniSnianTa raodenobas sWarbobs.

a) klasniSnian zedsarTavebs klasifikatori, romelic sazRvruli

saxelis klasifikacias axdens da mas eTanxmeba, yovelTvis prefiqsad da-

erTvis: `cocxalia mxolod prefiqsuli warmoeba, sufiqsuri _ mkvdari~

[lomTaZe 1996: 48]. sailustracio magaliTebi: sak. beJ.: Á-�WW÷1 `civi~, Á-

�yy÷ `mZime~, Á-a¹cŒ || < Á-a¹coÁo `wminda~, `naTeli~, Á-ixalo `grZe-

li~, Á-ixxo `Tbili~, Á-il'‰ `magari~, Á-uyo `didi~, Á-�¹SSo 1. `mokle~, 2.

`dabali~, Á-il'‰ `Zlieri~, Á-uero `patara~, Á-i¹‡‰ `sveli~, Á-÷tt÷ `blag-

vi~...; hunz.: r-i‡eru `patara~, r-o ɺWWu `civi~, r-oyu `mZime~, r-ˆxalu `grZe-

1 klasniSnian zedsarTavebs vimowmebT IV klasis niSniT (Á-), romelic sak. beJituri

dialeqtis sxva Tqmebsa da hunzibur dialeqtSi saTanadod r- niSniT Seicvleba: Á < r-.

76

li~, r-ˆxxu `Tbili~, r-ˆlaru `magari~, r-ˆ‡u `didi~, n-o ɺSSu (< r-o ɺSSu)

`mokle~, dabali~, n-i‰ru (< r-i‰ru) `sveli~, n-aceru (< r-aceru) `sufTa~

da sxv. misT.

b) uklasniSno viTarebiT zedsarTavebs ganekuTvnebian: sak. beJ.: akŒÁo

`Wreli~, `WroRa~, a¹wwo `wverwamaxuli~, `basri~, baÃandiÁo `gansacvifre-

beli~, biqdiÁo `sruli~, `beWbrtyeli~, SeSeÁo `xSiri~, Ãusso `viwro~,

doÃÃo `Savgvremani~, `mkrTali~, iwwo àxali~, qello `Zveli~, bello

`berwi~, gammo `gamxdari~, geÁdiÁo òvaluri~, gil‘illo `Rrma~, WaÁÁo

`mrudi~, R‘aR‘ato `mRvrie~, h�ldiÁo `TeTri~, zi‡Œ || zi‡oÁo `dabali~, `mo-

kle~, itino `patara~, niCdiÁo `cisferi~, `mwvane~, qeSdiÁo || `qeStiÁo 1.

`Wreli~, 2. `ruxi~, qol'l'o `muqi~, wodolo `Savi~, l‘iqqo `Txevadi~,

l'�mm÷ `wvrili~, m‘x“ `cicabo~, niÁ‰ `tkbili~, niy‰ || niyaÁo `mware~,

noCl‘iÁo `sveli~, S‘SS÷ || < n‘SS÷ 1. `wvrili~; 2. `patara~, T÷Tilo `rbi-

li~, xello `swori~, xetto `msxvili~, cacco `cudi~, cuRRo `mSrali~,

wuddo (tl. wundiÁo) `wiTeli~, C�C�l÷ `mJave~...; hunz. kottu `kargi~,

co ɺss– `cudi~, iCilu `Zveli~, `beberi~, ˆwwu àxali~, haldu `TeTri~, niC-

du `mwvane~, h––ru `maRali~, gil‘l‘u `Rrma~, w–dilu `Savi~, l'ammu `viw-

ro~, wundu (Rarb. hakas) `wiTeli~, Ca¹Calu `mJave~, ˆ¹wwu àxali~ da a. S.

pirveladi zedsarTavi saxelebis warmoeba arqaulia da maTi saTana-

do mrfologiuri segmentacia sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. kerZod,

specialur literaturaSi viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxelis formantad -o

(beJ.) > -u (hunz.) aris miCneuli [lomTaZe 1996: 53-54; vand en bergi 1995: 57;

isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 265].1

saanalizo zedsarTav saxelTa struqturaze dakvirvebisas irkveva,

rom maTi fuZis bolokiduri Tanxmovani gaormagebulia. es garemoeba gvi-

karnaxebs vifiqroT, rom reduplicirebuli (resp. geminirebuli) Tanxmov-

nis meore wevri -i-s dasustebiT (-i > -Á) aris warmoqmnili [ix. lomTaZe

1991: 21-23], mag.: sak. beJ. xetto (< xaS. xetiÁo "id" .) `msxvili~, l'ammo (<

1 e. bokarevi zedsarTavSi formantis gamoyofas saerTod ugulebelyofs [bokarevi

1959: 274].

77

xaS. l'amiÁo "id" .), hunz. l'ammu (< l'amiÁu) `viwro~, `wvrili~, sak. beJ. qiq-

qo (< qiqiÁo `wvrili~) `msubuqi~, nuSSu (< nuSiÁo) 1. `wvrili~, 2. `patara~,

Á�WW÷ (< �WiÁo) `civi~, neSeddo (< kap. neSidiÁo) `mdidari~ da misT.

bunebrivia, es ar niSnavs imas, rom yvela zedsarTavi amgvarad aris

miRebuli. zmnisarTebisagan da zogi sxva metyvelebis nawrilebisagan na-

warmoebi zedsarTavebi fuZeSi -i-s ar gviCveneben, mag.: wuddo (< wundo,

Sdr. hunz. wundu) `wiTeli~, cacco (< caTso, Sdr. caT `cudad~) `cudi~

da misT.

unda vifiqroT, rom erTi rigis viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelTa sa-

warmoeblad gamoiyeneboda -iÁo (-iÁu) sufiqsi, romelic Tavisi Sedgeni-

lobiT rTuli Cans: -i + -Áo. meore komponenti SesaZloa namyo wyvetilisa

da namyo drois mimReobis Sesabamis formants ukavSirdebodes. amasTanave,

xdeba zedsarTav saxelTa warmoeba -Œ/-÷ (sak. beJ.), -u (hunz.) formantis

saSualebiTac: wodol-o `Savi~, R‘aR‘at-÷, `mRvrie~, itin-o `patara~, icil-

o `Zveli~, `moxuci~, iww-o (sak. beJ.), ˆ¹ww-u (hunz.) àxali~, Áxal-o (sak.

beJ.), bˆx–l-u hunz.) `grZeli~, WekdiÁo (beJit. Sdr. hunz. Wukdu "id" .) `mru-

di~ da sxv.

rogorc cnobilia, beJituri enis orsave dialeqtSi gvxvdeba zedsar-

TavTa gauformebeli saxesxvaobani (resp. fuZe-formebi), romlebic upira-

tesad kompozitebsa da myar SesityvebebSi gamoiyeneba: wodol l‘e¹ (sak.

beJ.), w–dil qa¹Á (hunz.) `mocvi~, iCil iÁu `bebia~ (hunz., zedmiw. `moxuci

deda~), haldu aqiWal, w––––dil xabar (hunz.) `TeTri zRapari, Savi ambavi~,

Ái‡‡‡‡er is `patara da~ da a. S.

hunziburi dialeqtis predikatul sintagmaSic zedsarTavi sufiqss

ar dairTavs [van den bergi 1995: 57]: qid Á-i‡er (< Á-i‡eru) lo `gogona pa-

taraa (zedmiw. `patara aris~)~.

arcTu mcirea im zedsarTavTa ricxvi, romlebic xunZurisagan aris

SeTvisebuli an xunZuris zedsarTavebis analogiurad iwarmoeba, ag.: za-

ralab || zaraliÁab `mavne~, zorbaÁab ùzarmazari~, a¹yloiÁab `Wkviani~,

bal‘goÁab `saidumlo~, barqaTab `baraqiani~, beCedab `mdidari~, gemoÁab

`gemrieli~, qefab `sasiamovno~ da mr. sxv.

gvxvdeba qarTulisagan nasesxebi TiTo-orola zedsarTavi, mag.: fi-

78

cxi `ficxi~, T÷Tilo `rbili~, Teli `mTliani~.

amgvar zedsarTavebSi sufiqsad povnieri odindeli klasifikatori,

rogorc garkveulia [lomTaZe 1996: 53], klas-niSnis gagebas moklebulia

da mas am ZiriTadi funqciis reinterpretaciiT atributivTa sawarmoebe-

li afiqsis funqcia aqvs dakisrebuli.

2) mimarTebiT zedsarTavad ganixileba iseTi atributuli saxeli, ro-

melic ama Tu im sagnis an movlenis niSan-Tvisebas gamoxatavs sxva saganTan

SedarebiT.

beJiturSi, sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa analogiurad, produqtiulia

naTesaobiTi brunvis formis gamoyeneba atributuli msazRvrelis fun-

qciiT.

mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi saxelebi iwarmoeba sxva saxelebisa da zmni-

sarTisagan swored -s sufiqsis darTviT,1 mag.: sak.-beJ.: bal'o-s (Sdr.

Áal'o `SuaSi~), zot¾o `Suala TiTi~, it¾e-S (Sdr. it¾e `SarSan~), box `Sar-

Sandeli Tiva~, xisa-s (Sdr. xisa `xval~) …odo `xvadindeli dRe~, awonl'-

is (Sdr. awon àTi~ + l'i `weli~) ÷J÷ àTi wlis (zedmiw. àTwliani~) va-

Ji~, o¹t¾at¾a-s (Sdr. o¹t¾at¾a `marcxniv~) qo `marcxena xeli~ Je àxla~ _

Je-s àxlandeli~...; hunz.: hasaio ɺ-s `cisferi~, Wanilo ɺ-s àlisferi~, mesed-

li-s (Sdr. mesed òqro~), sa‡aT òqrovani saaTi~ da sxv.

hunzibur dialeqtSi arsebiT saxels sufiqsad SeiZleba daerTos ag-

reTve damxmare sityvebi loderu (`-ian~, `mqone~), gallo (èrTad~), g�CC÷

(àr arsebuli~) da awarmoos mimarTebiTi zedsarTaebi, mag.: xaÁrloderu

`xeiriani~, Sugurlider `saxeliani~ ÁaraRloderu ìaraRiani~ a¹ylog�CC÷

ùWkuo~, giJi~ da a. S.

mimarTebiT zedsarTavTa sawarmoeblad xSirad gamoiyeneba xunZuri-

sagan SeTvisebul zedsarTavebs gadmoyolili da gaqvavebuli III klasis

niSani -(a)b, romelsac garkveuli gadaazrianebis safuZvelze atributiuli

formantis funqcia daumkvidrebia. igi daerTvis: a) arsebiT saxelebs:

a¹ylo `Wkua~ _ a¹yloÁ-a-b `Wkviani~, fiqru `fiqri~_ fiqru-ab `Cafiqrebu-

1 specialur literaturaSi -s miCneulia genetivis niSnad da mimarTebiT

zedsarTavTa arsebobis sakiTxi eWvqveS aris dayenebuli [bokarevi 1959: 275; aTaevi 1996:

65; Sdr. zviadauri 1995: 171-177].

79

li~...; b) zmnisarTebs: asli `zustad~, `swored~ _ asliÁ-a-b `ZiriTadi~,

�d�d� `fuWad~, ùmiznod~ _ �d�d-�-b 1. `briyvi~; 2. ùmowyalo~, way `Zali-

an~, `Zlier~ _ way-a-b `Cinebuli~, `didebuli~...; g) zmnur fuZeebs: ÷l-

(÷l-�l `myofineba~) _ ÷l-�-b àxalgazrda~, �J�Áb- (�b�Áb ÁaÃal `gancvif-

reba~) _ �J�Áb-a-b àraCveulebrivi~, `sakvirveli~ da sxv. misT.

v) kuTvnilebiTi zedsarTavi saxelebis gamosaxatavad sak. beJituri

dialeqti isev naTesaobiTs iyenebs, magram, mimarTebiTi zedsarTavebisgan

gansxvavebiT, kuTvnilebiTi zedsarTavebi gavrcobili (e. w. meore) naTesa-

obiTis formas emyareba, mag.: iÁola-s `dedobrivi~, `dedisaÁ~, mizola-s

`Tqveni~, `dqveneuli~, xolila-s `mefiseuli~ da misT.

garda zemoCamoTvlili zedsarTavebisa, beJiturSi dasturdeba sxva-

dasxva saxis rTuli modelebi: a) kompozit-zedsarTavebi: kol'l'o-

hel'al‘co‡o-s (Sdr. hel'al‘co `mwvanili~) `muqi lurji~, niÁ‰-niy‰ 1.

`tkbili~, 2. `tkbileuli~ (zedmiw. `tkbil-mware~), q�CCo-nic (< q�CCo-nic-

diÁo, Sdr. niCdiÁo <*nicdiÁo `cisferi~) `Ria cisferi~, q�CCo-uq `Ria

lurji~ (uq <*uqli‡is `lurji~) da misT.

5.2.2. gansazRvrulobis gamoxatva zedsarTavebSi. gansazRvruloba-

ganusazRvrelobis (resp. emfatikurobis) gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba daRes-

tnur enaTa sinamdvilidan kargad cnobili maatributivebeli formanti -

so, romelic daerTvis viTarebiTi da mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi saxelis

mzamzareul formebs, mag.: wuddo `wiTeli~ wuddo-so `wiTeli romeli-

caa~, Ãusso `viwro~ _ Ãusso-so `viwro romelicaa~, itino `patara~ _ iti-

no-so `patara romelicaa~, ÷Jdi-s `vaJis~ _ ÷Jdis-so ìs, romelic vaJi-

saa, vaJiseulia~, hogo ìgi~ _ hogo-so `miseuli romelicaa~, `sxviseuli~

hex `wamierad~ _ hex-zu `didi xania~ _ hexzu-s `didi xnisa~ _ hexzus-so

`ZvelisZveli~, `Zveli romelicaa~ da misT.

yuradRebas iqcevs zedsarTavTa gansazRvruloba-ganusazRvrelobis

gramatikuli formebi sakuTriv didour enaSi, romelSic, marTalia, deri-

vati (-ni) masalobrivad gansxvavebulia, Tumca warmoebis principi orsave

enaSi analogiuria [ix. imnaiSvili 1963: 70-71; ardoteli 2007: 61].

80

5.2.3. xarisxebis warmoeba. beJituri enis zedsarTavi xarisxebis

warmoebis originalur yalibs, axlomonaTesave enaTa msgavsad, moklebu-

lia, Tumca ena am naklis anazRaurebas sxvadasxva gziT axerxebs. kerZod,

ufroobiTi xarisxis gamosaxatavad Sesadarebeli saxeli daismis erT-

erT lokatiur brunvaSi _ esivis IV seriaSi, xolo Tavad zedsarTavi uc-

vlelia, mag.: sak. beJ. isiRa is keto geÁ `Zma daze (zedmiw. `dasTan~) kar-

gia~, do d‘Ra Øixalo geÁ `me Senze (zedmiw. `SenTan~) maRali var~...

hunzibur dialeqtSi SedarebiTi xarisxis sufiqsad -ÁŒɺ, -…Œɺ aris mi-

Cneuli [van den bergi 1995: 50]. es sufiqsi daerTvis Sesadarebel saxels

_ uaxloes obieqts, xolo realuri subieqti, romlis klasic aisaxeba

zedsarTav saxelSi, saxelobiTi brunvis formiT aris warmodgenili, mag.:

oJe (RS) di-ÁŒɺ Ø-Á‡eru lo `vaJi Cemze umcrosia~, –g (R, S) Øi‡er du-…Œɺ-n

di-ÁŒɺ-n lo ìs umcrosia Cemze da Senze~ da sxv.

beJitur enaSi Tavs iCens metad sayuradRebo movlena: fuZiseuli

xmovnis dagrZelebiT an Tanxmovnis gaormagebiT dadebiTi xarisxisgan

sporadulad iwarmoeba ufroobiTi xarisxi, mag.: sak. beJ. Á�yy÷ `mZime~ _

Á’yy÷ ùmZimesi~, icilo `moxuci~ _ ic‹lo ùxucesi~, Áuyo `didi~ _ Áîyo

ùdidesi~, `Zalian didi~, itino `patara~ _ it‹no `Zalian patara~, Áixalo

`grZeli~ _ Áixxalo `Zalian grZeli~...; hunz. gamu `gamxdari~ _ gammu `Za-

lian gamxdari~, kotu `kargi~ _ kottu ùfro kargi~, Ái‡eru enxu `patara

mdinare~ _ Ái‡Šru e¹xe ùfro patara mdinare~ da a. S.

aRmatebiTi xarisxi gadmoicema dadebiTi xarisxis formaTa kompozi-

ciiT, mag.: iw-miwwo `Zalian axali~ (zedmiw. àxal-maxali~), ic-micilo `Za-

lian moxuci~ (zedmiw. `moxuc-mixuci~), ‹-itino `yvelaze patara~ (zedmiw.

patar-patara~), Áu-Áuyo gerdena geÁ `Zalian didi (zedmiw. `did-didi~) qve-

bi aris~, nuS-nuSi `Zalian patara~ (zedmiw. `patar-patara~) da a. S.

aRmatebiTi xarisxis semantika SeiZleba gamoixatos agreTve zm-

nisarTebisa da gamaZlierebeli nawilakebis darTviT: way (< xunZ.) `Zali-

an~, Teli (< qarT.) `bevri~, `mTeli~, ladi `bevri~, bissun `yvelaze (me-

tad)~: sak. beJ. is way bersinab geÁ `Zma Zalian lamazia~, Teli buya suko-

bo geÁ atad‰ `bevri moxuci kaci iq aris~, bisun keto `yvelaze lamazi~...;

81

hunz. way d–wilu `Zalian Savi~, way haldu `metad TeTri~ da mr. sxv.

van den bergi hunziburSi gamoyofs -l'o ɺru (`Zalian~) sufiqss, rome-

lic aRmatebiT xarisxis gamoxatvas emsaxureba [van den bergi 1995: 58],

mag.: Øi‡er-l'o ɺru `Zalian patara~, haldul'o ɺru `Zalian TeTri~ da sxv.

odnaobiTobas gadmoscemen zedsarTavis formebi, romlebic nawarmoe-

bia ganyenebuli semantikis arsebiTi saxelebisagan -Áo sufiqsis darTviT,

mag.: niÁ‰ `tkbili~ _ niÁ‰-l‘i `sitkbo~ _ niÁal‘i-Áo `motkbo~, niy‰ (< niy‰-

Áo) `mware~ _ niy‰-l‘i `simware~ _ niy‰l‘i-Áo `momwaro~ da misT.

5.2.4. zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba. zedsarTavi saxeli winadadebaSi

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ZiriTadad sami funqciiT: a) atributivad, b)

substantivad da g) predikatuli sintagmis saxelad nawilad.

a) Tavisi ZiriTadi (atrbutiuli) fujnqciiT gamoyenebuli viTarebi-

Ti (Zireulic da nasesxebi) zedsarTavi saxelebi metwilad ucvlelia,

magram sak. beJitur dialeqtSi ergativisa da e. w. irib brunvaTa formebi

zog zedsarTavs auslauturi xmovniT gansxvavebuli aqvs [lomTaZe 1956:

409; bokarevi 1959: 92]. brunebisas, rogorc wesi, xdeba SeTanxmeba klassa

(Tu klasniSniania) da ricxvSi. sailustracio magaliTebi:

82

mxoloobiTi ricxvi

sakuTriv beJituri hunziburi

sax. b-uy-o bit¾

`didi cxvari~

b-ˆyu o¹s

`didi xari~

erg. b-uy-a bit¾i b-ˆyu o¹si-l

mic. b-uy-a bit¾i-l b-ˆyu o¹s‹

naT. b-uy-a bit¾i-s b-ˆyu o¹si-s

inst. b-uy-a bit¾i-d b-ˆyu o¹si-d

mravlobiTi ricxvi

sakuTriv beJituri hunziburi

sax. b-uy-‰ qid-ba-r b-ˆy-ar qid-ba `didi

gogoebi~

erg. b-uy-‰ qid-ba-l-lo b-ˆy-ar qid-ba-l-lo

mic. b-uy-‰ qid-ba-l‰ b-ˆy-ar qid-ba-l‰

naT. b-uy-‰ qid-ba-la-s b-ˆy-ar qid-bala-s

inst. _ _

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom hunziburi dialeqti zedsarTav saxelTa

brunebis TvalsazrisiT met konservatiulobas amJRavnebs, vidre sak. be-

Jituri dialeqti _ am ukanasknelSi orive ricxvis formebi met-nakleb

cvlilebas ganicdian. mravlobiT ricxvis warmoeba, garda o : ‰ monac-

vleobisa, sxva sufiqsebis (…a, -la, -Áa) saSualebiTac xdeba [ix. xalilovi

1995: 398].

2) gasubstantivebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi, arsebiT saxelTa analo-

giurad, substantiuri brunebiT ibrunvian [ix. madieva 1965: 94; xalilovi

1995: 398; isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 263-267].

3) predikatiulad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi saxeli, hunziburi dia-

leqtisagan gansxvavebiT, bolokidur xmovans ar ikvecs, mag.: aliRa Razi

Ø-itino geÁ `Razi alize patara aris~, Sdr. hunz. qid Á-i‡er lo `gogo

patara aris~. am winadadebaSi gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi sak. beJituri

83

zedsarTavis sufiqs -o-s Sesatyvis -u-s ikvecs [van den bergi 1995: 57], rac

SesaZloa enklitikis TaviseburebasTanac iyos dakavSirebuli. kerZod, me-

Sveli zmnis (lo àris~) o-s gavleniT zedsarTavi saxelis bolokiduri

xmovani Cans reducirebuli.

yovelive zemoTqmuli sqematurad ase warmogvidgeba:

a) sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

funqcia

atributuli

substantiuri

predikatuli

ricxvi mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.

abso-

lut.

-o, -(a)-b -‰, -…a,

-la, -Áa

-o, -(a)-b -a, -…a

-la, -Áa

-o, -(a)-b

-a, -…a, -la

iribi -o, -a,

-(a)-b-li

`---~ -o, -a, -(a)-b-

li

`---~ -o, -a, -(a)-b-li `---~

b) hunziburi dialeqti

funqcia

atributuli

substantiuri

predikatuli

ricxvi mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.

abso-

lut.

-u, -(a)-b

-ar, -la

-u, -(a)-b

-ar, -la

-/(-u), -(a)-b -ar, -la

iribi -‘/(-Ø),

-(a)-b

`---~ -o, -a, -(a)-b -al-la, -

la

`---~ `---~

rac Seexeba zedsarTav saxelTa lokatiur brunvebs, isini arsebiTi

saxelis brunebas misdeven da raime arsebiTi xasiaTis gadaxra ar SeiniS-

neba [ix. madieva 1965: 97-98; van den bergi 1995: 45-49].

84

ricxviTi saxeli

5.3.1 zogadi. beJituri enis Tvlis sistema aTobiTia [javaxiSvili

1992: 360], rac amosavali Cans axlomonaTesave enebSi dadasturebuli

aTobiT-ocobiTi da ocobiTi sistemebisaTvis. gairCeva ricxviT saxelTa

eqvsi jgufi, romelTa funqciuri datvirTva araTanabaria: 1)

raodenobiTi, 2) rigobiTi, 3) wilobiTi, 4) jeradobiTi, 5) krebiTi, 6)

dayofiTi [Sdr. xalilovi 1995: 401].

5.3.2. ricxviTi saxelebis warmoeba.

1) raodenobiTi (ZiriTadi) ricxviTi saxelebi, agebulebis mixedviT,

iyofa sam ZiriTad qvejgufad: a) martivi (1-10, 1000), 2) rTuli 3+10=13) 3)

Sedgenili (100+6+10+5=165).

martivi raodenobiTi (ZiriTadi) ricxviTi saxelebi (2=10, 20, 1000)

iwarmoeba saTanado ricxviTi saxelis fuZisagan -na (sak. beJ.), -no, -nu, -n,

-no1 (hunz.) sufiqsebis saSualebiT. amasTanave, hunz. dialeqtSi –nu < -no

(o-s daviwroebiT), xolo oden –n (< -no) daerTvis xmovniT dawyebul

xmovanfuZian ricxviTebs.2 atributivad gamoyenebul ricxviT saxelebs

ergativsa da irib brunvebSi nominativisagan gansxvavebuli formebi

moepoveba, romelTa SedgenilobaSi n-s l cvlis da auslautSi xmovani

ar gvvdeba. sailustracio magaliTebi:

sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti

saxelobiTi erg. da ir. brunvebi saxelobiTi erg. da ir. brunvebi

2 y£-na yo-l ya-nu ya-n

3 l‘ö-na la-l lo ɺ-no l‘e-l

4 oy¡-na oye-l oye-n oye-l

5 l‘¢-na li-l l‘i-no l‘i-l

1 -no sufiqsi mxolod erT rical'-e-lxviT saxelSi (l‘o ɺno ɺ `sami“) dasturdeba, rac

regresul-progresuli urTierTeqcevadi asimilaciis Sedegi Cans: *l‘a-no > lo ɺ-no.

2 maxvili fuZis bolokidur xmovans ecema da formantiseuli umaxvilo xmovani

iolad emorCileba reduqcias.

85

6 ¢l‘-na il‘-e-l il‘-no il‘-e-l

7 öl'-na al'-e-l o ɺl'-no o ɺl'-e-l

8 b¡l'-na bel'-e-l bel'-no bel'-e-l

9 �We-na �We-l uWi-n uW-e-l

10 öwo-na oawo-l o ɺw–-n o ɺw–-l

20 Ão-na Ão-l Ão-no Ão-l

1000 hazaÁ-na1 hazaÁ-l hazar-na hazar-li-l

Taviseburad iwarmoebian èrTisa“ da àsis“ aRmniSvneli ricxviebi:

sak. beJ. hons( beJit.), hos (xaS., tlad.), h–ns (hunz.) irib brunvaTa formad

gamoavlens sid (sak. beJ.), sˆd (hunz.) variantebs [ix. lomTaZe 1958: 306;

bokarevi 1959: 277]. rac Seexeba àss“ Wit: honsWit àsi“ zedmilw. èrTi

dana“, rogorc cnobilia, misi meore komponenti Tanxvdeba `danis“

gamomxatvel leqsemas leqsemas (Sdr. xunZ. nus 1. `dana“; 2. àsi“),

romelTanac warmomavlobiT Cans dakavSirebuli [bokarevi 1959: 277;

gudava 1980: 212].

rTuli ricxviTi saxelebi

(30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900) aTeulTa

warmoebisas saTanado erTeulis gamomxatvel ricxviT saxelze dairTaven

–Áig (beJ.), -rig (xaS.-tlad., hunz.) sufiqss (Sdr. xunZ. –rgo: l‘ebe-rgo

`30“): sak. beJ. l‘ana-Áig `30“, onyona-Ág (tlad. oɺyena-rig) `40“, l‘ina-Áig

`50“, il‘na-Áig `60“...; hunz. l‘o ɺno ɺ-rig `30“, oyen-rig `40“, l‘ino-rig `50“ da

a. S.

aseulebis warmoeba àsis“ analogiuria: erTeulis gamomxatveli

ricxvi + asi (1+100=100, 2+100=200, 3+100=300...): yonaWot `200“, l‘anaWit `300“,

oyenaWit òTxasi“ da a. S.

Sedgenili ricxviTi saxelebis warmoebis formulebi amgvaria: a)

1 es ricxviTi saxeli am formiT mxolod Sedgenil ricxviT saxelad ixmareba.

calke hazaÁ gvaqvs. igi sparsulidan Semosuli azar- fuZea, romelsac anlautSi

fSvinvieri SemarTvis safuZvelze h darTvia da beJ. -na nawilakiT gaformebula.

86

aTeuli + erTeuli: sak. beJ. awo-na hons `11“, awo-na yona `12“, awona l‘ana

`13“...; hunz. o ɺw–-n h–ns `11“, oɺw–-n yne `12“, o ɺw–-n lono `13“... b) oceuli +

erTeuli: sak. beJ. Ão-na hons `21“, Ão-na yona `22“... Ão-no h–ns `21“, Ão-no

l‘i-no `25“, Ão-no il‘-no `26“ da a. S. g) aseuli + aTeuli (resp. oceuli)

+ erTeuli: hunz. h–ns-Wit-no oyenrig-no yanu `~42“, W\yanuWit-no l‘inorig-

no h–ns `251“ da sxv.

2) rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi. beJituri enis sak. beJitur

dialeqtSi rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi orgvarad iwarmoeba: a)

axlomonaTesave enaTa analogiurad, raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebisagan

`Tqma“ zmnis namyos mimReobis Á‰‰‰‰l'eÁo (beJit.), Á‰‰‰‰nl'e-ro (xaS.), Á‰‰‰‰l'ero1

(tlad.) (`Tqmuli“) formis darTviT, romelic sufiqsad aris

gadaazrianebuli: hons-Á‰‰‰‰l'eÁo `pirveli“, y‘ona-Á‰‰‰‰l'eÁo `meore“, l‘ana-

Á‰‰‰‰l'eÁo `mesame“, awona-Á‰‰‰‰l'eÁo `meaTe“, ÃonaÁ‰‰‰‰l'eÁo `meoce“, l‘anaÁigna-

Á‰l‘eÁo òcdameaTe“, l‘anaÁgna y‘onaÁ‰‰‰‰l‘eÁo òcdameTormete“…; b) amJamad

ufro gavrcelbulia rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis meore modeli,

romlis warmoebis formula ase Caiwereba: raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

+ sufiqsi = s (< -aso):2 yona-s `meore“, l‘ana-s `mesame“, ÷÷÷÷ny÷÷÷÷n��S3 `meoTxe“,

l‘ina-s `mexuTe“, bel'na-s (bel'na-s …………odo `merve dRe“) `merve“, Ãona-s

`meoce“, l‘anaogna-s (tlad. l‘anarigna-S) òcdameaTe“ h÷÷÷÷nsWitna-s `mease“

da a. S.

yuradRebas iqcevs `pirvelis“ gamomxatveli ricxviTi saxeli ��Ádda’’’’-

S (sak. beJ.), romelic supletur formad miiCneva [madieva 1965: 106;

xalilovi 1995: 402]. sinamdvileSi igi sruliad sxva zmnisarTuli fuZe

1 gavrcelebulia am formis scvagvari dawerilobac (iÁal'eÁo) [madieva 1965: 106;

xalilovi 1995: 402; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 97; lomTaZe 1966: 317]. amgvari forma SeiZleba

iyos mxolod TanxmovanfuZian ricxviTebTan.

2 -s sufiqsi maatribuivebeli –so (sak. beJ.), -s– (hunz.) sufiqsis gacveTili forma

Cans [ix. lomTaZe 1966: 320-322; zviadauri 1995: 171:176] da ara naTesaobiTis mzamzareuli

forma, rogorc amas zogi specialisti varaudobs [ix. bokarevi 1959: 45, 278; madieva 1965:

106...].

3 xaS. da tlad. kilokavebSi, garda òTxisa“, -s>-S realizebulia `rvisa“ da

`cxris“ aRmniSvnel ricxviTebSic.

87

Cans ��Ád (sak. beJ.), arto (hunz.) àdre“, ùwin“. am zmnizedisagan aris

nawarmoebi `pirveli“: ��-Ád-d’’’’-S (beJit.), arad-da-s (tl.), arto-do-s (hunz.)

ùwindeli“ > `pirveli“ (Sdr. sak. did. ader àdre“ _ ader-si / -si-ni

ùwindeli“, `ZvelTaZveli“).1

hunzibur dialeqtSi rigobiTi ricxviT saxelTa sawarmoebel

sufiqsad gvaqvs -s––––/-s, romlis distribuciac ase warmogvidgeba: -s–––– _

TanxmovanfuZian ricxviTebTan gvxvdeba, oden -s ki _ xmovanfuZianebTan,2

mag.: h––––ns-s–––– `pirveli“, l‘o ɺnorig-s– òxdameaTe“, oyenrig-s–––– `meormoce“, h––––

gsWit-s–––– `mease“, hazar-s–––– `meaTase“...; yanu-s meore“, l‘ono-s `mesame“, oyeno-

s `meoTxe“, Ãono-s `meoce“ da a. S.

3) wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi. wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi

iwarmoeba aRweriTad: a) –s/-s–––– sufiqsiani rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli +

buta (< xunZ.) `nawili“: l‘ana-s buta `mesamedi“ (zedmiw. `mesamis nawili“),

��Wuna-s buta `meaTedi“ (zedmiw. àTis nawili“, Sdr. xunZ. anwi-l buta

"id".), l‘ani-s han-s buta èrTi mesamedi“ (zedmiw. `samianis erTis

nawili“)...; hunz. yanu-s buta `meoredi“, bel'no-s buta `mervedi“, Ãono-s

buta `meocedi“ da a. S. b) krebiTi ricxvisi saxeli + Áal'oqos (< al'o

`Sua“, `Soris“ + qo + naT. s) `naxevari“: hons-na Áal'oqos èrTnaxevari“,

l‘ina-na Áal'oqos `xuT-naxevari“, awona-na Áal'oqos àT-naxevari“ da sxv.

misT. Áal'oqos (`naxevari“) klas-niSnis mixedviT icvleba, ormagdeba da

kompozits qmnis, mag.: Á-al'oqola‡ = Á-al'oqos (IV kl.). b-ali'oqola‡ =

bal'oqos (III kl.) èrTi meoTxedi“ da a. S. analogiurad iwarmoeba

SeiniSneba hunziburSi: h–gsno roɺl'ugus èrTnaxevari“, yanu-n roɺl'ugus

òrnaxevari“ da misT.

4) jeradobiTi ricxvisi saxelebi. jeradobis gamosaxatavad orsave

dialeqtSi sufiqsad -x dasturdeba, xolo sawarmoebel odenobad

1 ar aris gamoricxuli rom igi qarTuli nasesxobac iyos: qarT. adre > sak. did.

ader.

2 erTaderTi TanxmovanfuZiani saxeli aris o ɺɺ ɺɺw––––n- (o ɺɺ ɺɺw––––no-s `meaTe“), romelsac

odindeli xmovani -s-s darTvisas aRudgeba.

88

ergativisa da irib brunvaTa fuZe, romelic gavrcobilia –r‰‰‰‰>-Áa, -…………a, -

÷÷÷÷…………��-eÁa (<*-e-ra) determinatuli elementebiT. masTan, èrTis“, òrisa“ da

`samis“ aRmniSvneli ricxviTi saxelebi iseve, rogorc sxva

axlomonaTesave enebSi, Taviseburebas amJRavneben [ix. lomTaZe 1966: 224].

kerZod, am ricxviT saxelTa fuZeSi savrcobi elementebi ar gvxvdeba da

òris“ gamomxatvel fuZeSi y‘-s nacvlad arqionema (k) gamovlindeba: sak.

beJ. ka-x-na < *ka-na-x (Sdr. yo-na òri“) òrjer“, l‘a-x-na <*l‘a-na-x

`samjer“. sak. beJ. han‡a èrTxel“ rTuli agebulebisa Cans da savaraudoa

kompozits warmoadgendes: hany-ya (<*hans+ya) èrTxel“ (zedmiw.

èrTi+ori“). rac Seexeba analogiur hunzibur formas, h––––nsun-d––––-l

`pirvelad“ nawarmoebi unda iyos krebiTi ricxviTi saxelisagan –d-––––-l

rTuli sufiqsis saSualebiT.

jeradobis gamomxatveli ricxiTebis warmoebisas ufro meti

erTgvarovnoba hunzibur dialeqtSi gvaqvs, xolo sak. beJitur

dialeqtSi, fuZis formantebis sxvadasxvaobidan gamomdinare, meti

siWrelea. sailustracio magaliTebi:

sak. beJituri dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti

÷gy÷-…�-x-na (tl. oy‘-e-ra-x-na) oyen-ra-x òTxjer“

l‘i-Áa-x-na (tl. l‘i-ra-x-na) l‘i-ra-x `xuTjer“

il‘-e-Áa-x-na (tl. il‘-e-ra-x-na) il‘-ra-x èqvsjer“

il'-o-…T-x-na (tl. al'-e-ra-x-na) ol'-ra-x `Svidjer“

bel'-e-Áa-x-na (tl. bel'-e-ra--x-na) bel'-ra-x `rvajer“

�We-Áa-x-na (tl. aWe-ra-x-na) uWi-ra-x `cxrajer“

awo-…a-x-na (tl. awo-ra-x-na) o ɺw–-ra-x àTjer“

Ão-…a-x-na (tl. Ão-ra-x-na) Ão-roɺ-x òcjer“

hogsWit-Áa-x (tl. hosWit-ra-x) Wit-ra-x àsjer“

hazaÁ-Áa-x (tl. hazar-la-x) hazar-ra-x àTasjer“

jerobiToba jeradobiT ricxviTi sasxelebisaganac -s formantiT

iwarmoeba. mag.: oyeraxna-S `meoTxejer“, l‘iraxna-s `mexuTejer“,

il‘eraxna-s `meeqvsejer“ da a. S. hunzibur dialeqtSi, garda

89

zemoxsenebuli warmoebisa, adastureben –d-ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-s rTuli sufiqsiT

nawarmoeb formebsac [lomTaZe 1966: 326, Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 45], romelic

jeradobis gamomxatvel raodenobiTi ricxviTis formas erTvis, mag.: h–ns-

un èrTxel“ _ h––––nsun-dŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-s `pirveladve“, yana-x òrjer“ _ yanax-dŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-s

`meorejer“, iyera-x òTxjer“ _ oyerax-dŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-s `meoTxejer“ da sxv. misT.

SeiZleba hunziburSi jeradoba gamoixatos agreTve Semdegi

formuliTac: saTanado raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli + hˆ̂̂̂ni `gza“, mag.:

h––––ns-hˆ̂̂̂ni èrTgzis“, y‘anu-hˆ̂̂̂ni òrgzis“, l‘o ɺɺ ɺɺno ɺɺ ɺɺ-hˆ̂̂̂ni `samgzis“ da a. S.

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi dasturdeba jeradobiTi ricxviTi

saxelebisagan –da sufiqsiT nawarmoebi ganusazRvreli semantikis

gamomxatveli ricxviTebi, mag.: oyerax-da-na `daaxloebiT oTxjer“,

l‘irax-da-na `daaxloebiT xuTjer“ da misT.

5) krebiTi ricxvisi saxelebi.

krebiTi ricxviTebis sawarmoeblad sak. beJituri dialeqti -na

nawilaks iyenebs, xolo hunziburi mis kanonzomier fonetikur Sesatyviss

-no-s, romelsac xovniT dasrulebul ricxviTebTan xmovniTi elementi

ekargeba: V+no > V + n, C + no > C + no. sawarmoebel saxelis fuZed

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelis nawilakiani forma gamoiyeneba.

sailustracio magaliTebi:


_ h––––nsu-n èrTxel“1

yona-na y‘anu-n òrive“

l‘ana-na l‘o ɺɺ ɺɺno ɺɺ ɺɺ-n `samive“

÷÷÷÷ny÷÷÷÷n��-n�� o‡‡‡‡eno-n òTxive“

l‘ina-na l‘ino-n `xuTive“

il‘na-na il‘no-n èqvsive“

al'na-na o ɺɺ ɺɺl'no-n `Svidive“

1 am ricxviT saxels ufro jeradobis semantika aqvs, vinem krebiTobisa, Tumca

warmoeba krebiTi ricxviTebis tipisaa [ix. lomTaZe 1966: 330].

90

amave qvejgufSi SiZleba gaerTiandes iseTi gaurkveveli ricxvis

aRmniSvneli saxelebi, rogoricaa: zaT, ÷÷÷÷ll÷÷÷÷, Teli `bevri“, d��h��b,

Á÷t¾t¾� `cota“ da misT.

6) dayofiTi (resp. danawevrebiTi) ricxviTi saxelebi. am rigis

ricxviTi saxelebi, rogorc wesi, saTanado fuZis reduplikaciiT

yalibdeba. kompozitis pirveli komponenti Cveulebriv gacveTilia, rasac

sakompensaciod kvali xmovnis sigrZiT dautovebia. sailustracio

magaliTebi:


hŒ-hos / s‹-sidi s–-s–/h–n-h–ns `TiTo-TiTo“

y‘Œ-y‘ona y‰-yanu òr-ori“1

l‘‰-l‘ana lŒɺ-l‘o ɺno `sam-sami“

Œ-‡oy‘ena Œ-‡oy‘en òTx-oTxi“

l‘‹-l‘ina l‘‹-l‘ino `xuT-xuTi“

bŠ-bel'na bŠ-bel'no `rva-rva“

‰-‡awona Œɺ-‡w–n àT-aTi“

hŒn-honsWit h–n-h–nsWit às-asi“

5.3.3. ricxviTi saxelebis bruneba. ricxviTi saxeli, rogorc wesi,

gamoyenebulia atributivad da arsebiT saxels axlavs. arsebiTi saxeli,

sxva monaTesave enaTa msgavsad, mxoloobiT ricxvSi daismis, mag.: l‘ana

suko `sami kaci“, hansWit yuruS àsi oqro“ da a. S,.

ricxviTi saxeli prepowiciuri wyobiT arsebiT saxels klassa da

brunvaSi ar eTanxmeba iseve, rogorc atributul sintagmaSi. zedsarTavi

ar eTanxmeba sazRvruls, vinaidan igi ZiriTadad ucvlelia [lomTaZe

1996: 215].

sintagmaSi `ricxviTi + arsebiTi saxeli“, ricxviTi saxelis

cvlileba Semoifargleba, erTi mxriv, saxelobiTisa, xolo, meore mxriv,

ergativisa da ìrib“ brunvaTa formebis dapirispirebiT. rogorc zemoT

1 specialur literaturaSi sruli formebic dasturdeba [isayovi, xalilovi 2001:

270], Tumca maT xelovnurobis elferi dahkravT [Sdr. van den bergi 1995: 71].

91

iyo naCvenebi [ix. 5.3.2], ìrib“ brunvebSi –na (sak. beJ.), -n-no hunz)

sufiqsebi ar gvaqvs da maT nacvlad -l/-la, -d/-do formantebi daCndeba.

TiTo sailustracio magaliTi:


sax. al'-na �l' ̀Svidi sofeli“ bel'-no Tofi `rva Tofi“

erg. al'o-l �l'� bel'-e-l Tofil-lo

mic. al'o-l �l'�-l bel'e-l Tofil-‰

naT. al'o-l �l'�-s bel'e-l Tofilo-s

instr. alo'-l �l'�-d bel'e-l Tofil-do

gansubstantivebuli raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli arsebiT saxelTa

analogiurad ibrunvis. brunebisas ricxviTi saxeli –na (sak. beJ.)

nawilaks inarCunebs da hons èrTi“, rogorc wesi, ergativsa da irib

brunvebSi fuZes icvlis: hunzibur dialeqtSi xandaxan nawilakis

adgilas -lu daCndeba:


sax. hons èrTi“ al'-na `Svidi“ h–ns èrTi“ l‘i-no ̀ xuTi“

erg. sidi al'oni sˆd-lo l‘ilu-l

mic. sidi-l al'oni-l sˆd‹ l‘il�

naT. sidi-s al'oni-s sˆdi-s l‘ilu-s

instr. sidi-d al'oni-d sˆdi-d l‘ilu-d

gasubstantivebuli rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis brunebisas

saTanado nawilaki (sak. beJ. –na, hunz. –n/-no) brunvis niSans mosdevs:


sax. yona-na y◦a-nu-n òrive“

erg. yo-ni-na, yo-li-na1 ya-n-lo-n

1 marjvniv warmodgenili formebi xaSarxotuli da tladaluri kilokavebis

monacemebia.

92

mic. yo-ni-;n-na (< yo-ni-l-na) ya-n‹-n

naT. yo-ni-s-na, yo-li-s-na ya-ni-s-no

instr. yo-ni-d-na, yo-li-d-na ya-n-do-n

marTalia, zemomoyvanili formebi naklebad gamoiyeneba, magram mainc

dasturdeba zog winadadebaSi: mi nil'io ‡oqqo sidil [lomT. 2003: 147]

`Sen mieci fuli erTs“, ...qo ɺn-Á-n s–-s–-sˆd-go hans-Wit yureS oqro nˆl'-–

n/li [van 1995: 246] `...xelSi TiToeuls (`TiTo-TiTo maTgans“) asi oqro

misca“ da sxv. misT.

93

nacvalsaxeli

beJituri ena mdidaria nacvalsaxelebiT. Sinaarsis mixedviT,

gamoiyofa nacvalsaxelTa cxra jgufi: pirisa, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi,

kuTvnilebiTi, ukuqceviTi, gansazRvrebiTi, ganusazRvrelobiTi,

urTierTobiTi, uaryofiTi. yoveli jgufis nacvalsaxels, garda

kuTvnilebiTisa,1 aqvs sakuTari gramatikuli forma da saTanado

fnqciuri datvirTva. masTan, nacvalsaxeli rigi TaviseburebebiT

gamoirCeva _ araiSviaTad sxvadasxva jgufis nacvalsaxelSi

kombinirebulia substantivebisa da adieqtivebis gramatikuli niSnebi.

5.4.1. piris nacvalsaxelebi. beJituri piris nacvalsaxelebisaTvis,

bevri sxva daRestnuri enisagan gansxvavebiT, èqskluziv-inkluzivis“

kategoria ararelevanturia (Sdr. xunZ. niJ `me“ da ìs“, nil' `me“ da

`Sen“). garda amisa, es nacvalsaxelebi Taviseburebas saxelobiTisa da

ergativis orive ricxvis formaTa morfologiuri ganurCevlobiTac

amJRavneben (Sdr. qarT. sax., erg. me, Sen, Cven, Tqven), rac arqaul

movlenad miiCneva da predikatis ZiriTad aqtantTa kodirebis

kardinalur strategias ukavSirdeba [lomTaZe 1956: 408-409; Ciqobava,

cercvaZe 1962: 210; diqsoni 1994: ?].

piris nacvalsaxelebad gamoiyofa: sak. beJ. do `me“; mi `Sen“, ile

`Cven“, miJe `Tqven“; hunz. d–––– `me“, m–––– `Sen“, ile / e `Cven“, miJe `Tqven“.

rac Seexeba III piris, damoukidebeli nacvalsaelebi ar mogvepoveba

da nakluli paradigma sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa msgavsad CvenebiT

nacvalsaxelebiT aris Sevsebuli.2

yuradRebas iqcevs piris nacvalsaxelTa fleqsia, romlis drosac

1 kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelis calke jgufad gamoyofa pirobiTia, vinaidan

rogorc enaTa tipologia cxadyofs, am tipis nacvalsaxelebis funqciiT, rogorc wesi,

piris nacvalsaxelTa naTesaobiTi brunvis formebi gamoiyeneba. am garemoebiT Cans

nakarnaxevi h. van den bergis Tvalsazrisi, riTac hunzibur dialeqtSi kuTvnilbiTi

nacvalsaxelebis arsebobas ugulebelyos [ix. van den bergi 1995: 60].

2 Tavad is faqti, rom e. w. III piris nacvalsaxelebi (es, eg, is, igi) TanamosaureTa

(I da II piri) farglebs gareT dgas da sivrcobriv lokalizacias gamoxatavs, aZnelebs

am rigis nacvalsaxelTa piris nacvalsaxelebad miCnevas [Sdr. SaniZe 1980: 42].

94

absolutivisa da ergativis formebi, erTi mxriv, mxolo, meore mxriv,

ìrib“ brunvaTa formebi erTmaneTisagan met-naklebad gansxvavdebian.

simptomaturia, rom mxoloobiTi iricxvis II piris forma ìrib“

brunvebSi supletivizmiT xasiaTdeba da II fuZe I piris nacvalsaxelTan

poulobs paralels. arc is Cans SemTxveviTi, rom fuZeTa vokalizmSi

alternaciis niSnebi SeimCneva.1

piris ncvalsaxelebs lokaluri brunvebic moepoveba da isini

ZiriTadad arsebiT saxelTa analogiurad aris nawarmoebi.

sailustraciod mogvyavs piris nacvalsaxelTa brunebis paradigmebi

orive dialeqtis mixedviT:


tabula 5.6.

leqsikuri mniSvn.

brunvebi

me

Sen

Cven

Tqven

sax. do mi ile miJe

erg. do mi ile miJe

mic. di-l du-l ilo-l mizo-l

naT. di-Á-e2 di-bo ilo-s mizo-s

instr. d‹-d3 d�-d ilo-d mizo-d

adgil. d‹-t¾a d�-t¾a ilo-t¾a mizo-t¾a

mimarT. d‹-t¾a-l d�-t¾‰l ilo-t¾a-l mizo-t¾a-l

1 am TvalsazrisiT es sakiTxebi specialur Seswavlas moiTxovs.

2 gamoyofen II naTesaobiTis formasac (die-la), magram ramdenadac –la formantiT

gaformebuli `naTesaobiTi“ oden ìrib“ brunvaTa msazRvrelad gamoiyeneba, mas

adieqtivis funqcia aqvs da brunvis formad ver miviCnevT, mag.: diela maRos nisall'iro

zedmiw. `Cemi tanis saTqmeli (= Cemi avtobiografia).

3 instrumentalisis formebi pirobiTad mogvyavs, radganac Tanamosaubre adamiania

da gonier sulier arsebebs ki es brunva, rogorc wesi, ar moepoveba, Tumca hunzibrSi

kuTvnilebiTobis formiT (il-do-s/il-do-d `Cveniani“, `CvenTagani“) mainc gamoiyeneba [ix.

van den bergi 1995: 60].

95

daSor. d‹-t¾a-s d�-t¾a-s ilo-t¾a-s mizo-t¾a-s

Sual. d‹-t¾a-l-t¾‰ d�-t¾a-l-t¾‰ ilo-t¾a-l-t¾‰ mizo-t¾a-l-t¾‰

hunziburi dialeqti

leqsikuri mniSvn.

brunvebi

me

Sen

Cven

Tqven

sax. d– m– ile miJe

erg. d– m– ile miJe

mic. di-‡t/di-i/d‹ dˆ-b‹ il� miJ�

naT. di-Á-e dˆ-b– ilu-s miJu-s

instr. di-do1 dˆ-b–-d/du-do ilo-d miJo-d

adgil. d‹-t¾a d�-t¾o ilo-t¾o miJo-t¾o

mimarT. d‹-t¾o-l d�-t¾r-d–r ilo-t¾o-d–r miJu-t¾ol-d–r

daSor. d‹-t¾o-s d�-t¾o-s ilu-t¾o-s miJu-t¾o-s

Sual. d‹-t¾o-l-t¾o d�-t¾o-d–r-t¾o ilo-t¾o-d–r-t¾o miJu-t¾o-d–r-t¾o

5.4.2. CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi. am rigis nacvalsaxelSi mosaubresTan

mimarTebiT sivrcobrivi lokalizacia aris asaxuli: 1) pirvel pirTan

axlomyofi; 2) meore pirTan axlomyofi; 3) pirvel-meore pirebisagan

daSorebuli. garda amisa, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi TviT jgufis

SigniTac uCveneben klas-kategoriis mixedviT sak. beJ. gansxvavebas:

1) …………ah(a)di || hudi2 (I, IV kl.); …………ah(a)do || hodo (II, III kl.) ès“ (I pirTan

1 cnobilia, rom instrumentalisi beJiturSi naTesaobiTi brunvis (msazRvrelis(

funqciiTac dasturdeba da -do / -d niSans adieqtiuri sufiqsis funqcia aqvs

dakisrebuli [ix. lomTaZe 1996: 183, 218]. amiT Cans gamowveuli, rom di-do forma II

naTesaobiTis kuTvnilebad cxaddeba [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 268].

2 Tavisi agebulebiT es nacvalsaxelebi rTuli Cans: …………a- odindeli klasifikatori

[javaxiSvili 1937: 279-280], ha- miTiTebis funqciis matarebeli nawilaki [lomTaZe 1956:

277], xolo d, l, n elementebi III piris nacvalsaxelis reliqturad Semonaxuli naSTebi

[Ciqobava 1942: 32]. garda amisa, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi ganicdian nairgvar fonetikur

gardaqmnebs [dawvr. ix. lomTaZe 1956: 269-305].

96

myofi);

2) …………ahli || huli, …………ah(a)ni || huni (xaS.) (I, IV kl.); …………ahlo || holo,

…………ah(a)no || hono (xaS.) èg“ II pirTan myofi);

3) …………ah(a)gi || hugi1 (I, IV kl.), …………ah(a)go || hogo (II, III kl.) ìs“ (sxvagan

myofi); hunz. 1) h––––d (I, III, IV k.), bodu (II kl.) ès“, 2) b–l (I, III, IV kl.),

bolu (II kl.) èg“, 3) ––––g (I, III, IV kl.), ogu (II kl.) ìs“.

mravlobiT ricxvSi reducirebuli xmovani morfonologiur

safuZvelze kvlav aRdgeba: 1) …a-had-dŒl || …a-had-rol;, hod-dŒl || < hod-

rŒl èseni“; 2) …a-bal-lŒl || < …a-hag-rol, hol-lŒl || hog-rol, hog-Œl,

hol-Œl (kilok. var.) ègeni“; 3) …a-hag-gŒl || < …a-hag-rŒl, …a-hag-Œl, hog-

gŒl || < hog-ŒŒl ìsini“.

1 sagulisxmoa, rom jer kidev 60 wlis win e. lomTaZes Cauweria …‰gi (ìs“), …‰li

(èg“) formebi, romlebSic procesi amgvarad warmarTula: …………ahagi > …………aagi > …………‰‰‰‰gi, …ahali

> …aali > …‰li, amJemad Cveulebrivia …ahgi, …ahli formebi [ix. xalilovi 1995: 399-300].

97

tabula 5.5.

gasubstantivebuli CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelTa brunebis paradigmebi


a. mxoloobiTi ricxvi

ès“ èg“ ìs“ nacvalsaxelebi

brunvebi

I, IV kl. II, III kl. I, IV kl. II, III kl. I, IV kl. II, III kl.

sax. …ahdi || hudi1 …ahdo || hodo2 …ahali || huli …ahlo || holo …ah(a)gi || hugi …ah(a)go || hogi

erg. …aha-co || ho-co …aha-l'o ||

ho-l'o

…‰l-xo ||

bol-co

…‰l-l‘o ||

hol-l‘o

…ahag-co ||

hog-co3

…ahag-l'o ||

hog(l'o

mic. …ahaco-l || hoco-l …ahal'o-l ||

hol'o-l

…‰co-l,

holco-l

…‰l‘o-l ||

holl‘o-l

…ahagco-l ||

hogco-l

…ahagl'o-l ||

hogl'o-l

naT. …ahaco-s || hoco-s …-ahal'o-s ||

hol'o-s

…‰lco-s ||

holco-s

…‰l‘o-s ||

holl‘o-s

…ahgco-s ||

hogco-s

…ahagl'o-s ||

hogl'o-s

instr. …ahaco-d || hoco-d …ahal'o-d ||

hol'o-d

…‰lco-d ||

holco-d

…‰ll‘o-d ||

holl‘-d

…ahagco-d ||

hogco-d

…ahagl'o-d ||

hogl'o-d

1 mogvyavs martooden kapuWuri Tqmis monacemebi. sxva TqmaTa formebis Sesaxeb ix. [lomTaZe 1956: 296-297].

2 i ↔ o xmovanTa alternaciiT klasTa korelacia axlomonaTesav enaTaTvisac aris niSandoblivi Sdr. sak. did. a ↔ u: Áeda (I kl.),

Áedu (II kl.) ès“.

3 sagulisxmoa, rom e. lomTaZe am magaliTs ergativSi (…ahaqco) formiT imowmebs, rac gafSvinvierebis safuZvlze asimilaciurad

Cans miRebuli [lomTaZe 1956: 296].

98

b. mravlobiTi ricxvi

nacvalsaxelebi

brunvebi

èseni“ ègeni“ ìsini“

sax. …ahad-dŒl ||

hod-dŒl

…ahal-lŒl ||

hol-lŒl

…ahag-gŒl ||

hog-gŒl

erg. …ahad-lo ||

hod-lo

…ahal-lo ||

hol-lo

…ahag-lo ||

hog-lo

mic. …ahadlo-l ||

hodlo-l

…ahallo-l ||

hollo-l

…ahaglo-l ||

hglo-l

naT. …ahadlo-s ||

hodlo-s

…ahallo-s ||

hollo-s

…ahaglo-s ||

hoglo-s

instr. …ahadlo-d ||

hodlo-d

…ahallo-d ||

hollo-d

…ahaglo-d ||

hoglod

hunziburi dialeqti

mxoloobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi nacvalsaxelebi

brunvbi

ès“ èg“ ìs“ èseni“ ègeni“ ìsini“

sax. b–d (I, II, IV

kl.), b–l (I, II,

IV kl.), (II kl.)

bolu (II kl.)

–g (II, III,

IV kl.),

ogu (II

kl.)

bad-ra b–l-la –g-ra

erg. bol‘u-l ol‘u-l b–dra-l b–lla-l –gra-l

mic. bol‘� ol‘� b–dr‰ b–ll‰ –gr‰

naT. bol‘u-s ol‘u-s b–dra-s b–lla-s –gra-s

instr. bol‘u-d ol‘u-d b–dra-d b–lla-d –gra-d

99

garda zemoganxiluli nacvalsaxelebisa, dasturdeba meoreuli

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, mag. …ahaddiÁo àseTi“, …ahaggiÁo ìseTi“,

…ahalliÁo ègeTi“, –gas (hunz.) àmnairi“ da misT.

5.4.3. kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi. beJitur enaSi `vin?“ da `ra?“

nacvalsaxelebi formobrivad garCeulia1 (Sdr. sak. did Se………… `vin“, `ra“):

suko > || suyo2 (sak. beJ.), suku (hunz.) `vin?“, siÁo (kap.), SiÁo (xaS.), SiJo

(tlad.), SiÁo || SiJo (hunz.) `ra?“

specialur literaturaSi garkveulia, rom zemomoyvanili

navalsaxelebi struqturulad rTulia: si-, Si- (`ra?“), su- (`vin?“)

Zireuli masala Cans, xolo intervokaluri –Á- SeiZleba odindel

klasifikatorad CaiTvalos [lomTaZe 1956: 390; imnaiSvili 1963: 129]. rac

Seexeba bolokidur xmovans, igi gvian darTuli elementi Cans.3

kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebi mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs moklebulni

arian, magram maT moepoveba bruneba, romelic xasiaTdeba rigi

TaviseburebebiT:

a) beJitr dileqtSi ergatividan moyolebuli supletur fuZes

1 kiTxviT nacvalsaxelTa amgvari diferenciacia meoreuli unda iyos. kerZod,

saxelobiT brunvaSi suku (`vin?“) semantikuri gadaazrianebiT (`ra?“ → `vin?“) `vin“ da

`r“ nacvalsaxelia gasarCevad gviandeli movlena Cans. Tavdapirvelad es

nacvalsaxelebi, rogorc cnobilia, formobrivad erTnairi unda yofiliyo [Ciqobava

1942: 40-43; imnaiSvili 1963: 129...].

aqedan gamomdinare, suku (`kaci“) da suku (`vin?“) formaTa brunebis

gansxvavebulobis sakiTxic avtomaturad moixsneba, vinaidan ergativsa da ìrib“

brunvebSi `vin?“ nacvalsaxeli nacvalsaxeluri fuZiT (sak. beJ. l‘o-: hunz. sa- `vin“)

gansxvavdeba: beJiturSi amosavali arqetipi daculia, xolo hunziburSi s (< s´: Sdr.

xunZ. `ra“) spirantis Semcveli forma unificirebulia da `vin“ nacvalsaxelis

magivradac gamoiyeneba [ix. Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 211-213; lomTaZe 1963: 104; Sdr.

bokarevi 1959: 44, 25].

2 k > y procesi interess aRZravs xunZ. bokuna: did. zeyu (ìyo“) formaTa

urTierTmimarTebis kuTxiTac.

3 SesaZloa mas nacvalsaxelSi meti garkveuloba Sehqonda da morfonologiurad

iyo Sepirobebuli. igi kiTxviT formebSi SeiZleba grZeli saxiTac Segvxvdes, mag.: iÁo

Áeg‰d dul? _ siÁŒ? `ded naxe (Sen)? _ ra?“

100

gamoavlenn, romelic saerToa orive nacvalsaxelisaTvis. isini

gansxvavdebian xmovnis alternaciiT: sak. beJ. o (`vin“): i (`ra“). `ra?“

nacvalsaxeli damatebiT dairTavs -ni elements.

b) hunzibur dialectSi fuZeTa supletivizmi ar SeiniSneba _ `ra“

nacvalsaxelis saxelobiTSi S meoreuli Cans: S < s. sxva mxriv, sakuTriv

beJituriseburi viTareba gvaqvs.

tabula 5.6.

kiTxviT nacvalsaxelTa (`vin?“ `ra?“) brunebis paradigmebi:

sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti nacvalsaxe-

lebi

brunvebi `vin?“ `ra?“ `vin?“ `ra?“

sax. suko siÁo, SiJo suku SiÁo

erg. l‘Œ l‘ini so ɺ-lo ɺ sin-lo

mic. l‘Œ-l l‘ini-l so ɺ-Á sin‹

naT. l‘oÁ(s) l‘ini-s so ɺ-Á-s sini-s

instr. l‘Œ- l‘ini-d so ɺ-doɺ sn-do ||

sini-d1

adg. l‘Œ-t¾a l‘ini-t¾a so ɺ-t¾a sini-t¾

mimarT. l‘Œ-t¾a-l l‘ini-t¾a-l so ɺ-t¾a-l

daSor. l‘Œ-t¾a-s l‘ini-t¾a-s so ɺ-t¾a-s sin-t¾o-s

translat. l‘Œ-t¾a-l-t¾‰ l‘ini-t¾a-l-t¾‰ so ɺ-t¾a-l-t¾‰ sini-t¾o-t¾

damatebiT dasturdeba Semdegi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi, romelTac

araiSviaTad mravlobiTi ricxvic ewarmoebaT: sak. beJ. n‹Áo (mr. r. n‹Á‰)

`rogori? n‹Áoso `romeli?“ la, lad, laso `ramdeni?“ sud `ratom?“...;

1 sinid (`riT?“) forma e. bokariovis naSromSi dasturdeba [bokarevi 1959: 44].

101

hunz. hin‰s `romeli?“ hindil `rogori?“ hidil `ramdeni?“ surŒɺ `ratom?“

da misT.

ramdenime sailustracio winadadeba: sud mi d‹Ãa iylaSa‡aS? (kap.)

`Sen me (`CemTan“) ratom ar melaparakebi?“ lasso is‹ dubo? (tlad.)

`ramdeni Zma gyavs (Sen)?“ JeÁsa n‹‹‹‹Áo ha…a-(baydi geÁ? `dRes rogori

amindia?“ hidil l'ˆ li dˆb–? (Rarb.) `ramdeni wlis xar (Sen)?“

5.4.4. kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi. kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli,

rogorc cnobilia, `...gamoxatavs kuTvnilebiT urTierTobas sagansa da

nacvalsaxeliT nagulisxmev pirs Soris“ [SaniZe 1980: 43]. mis funqcias,

rogorc wesi, asrulebs piris nacvalsaxelis naTesaobiTis brunvis

forma, romelic metwild msazRvrelis rolSi gamodis, mag.: sak. beJ. diÁe

bil'o `Cemi saxli“, dibo qid `Seni gogona“, ilos �l' `Cveni sofeli“,

mizos1 bisa `Tqveni Tevzi“…; hunz. diÁe `Cemi“, dˆ̂̂̂b–––– `Seni“, ilus `Cveni“,

miJus `Tqveni“.

5.4.5. ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli. beJitur enaSi ukuqceviT

nacvalsaxels Tavisi sakuTari forma aqvs: J‘‘‘‘ (sak. beJ.), Ju (hunz.)

`TviTon“, mr. r.: J‘‘‘‘-…………““““l (sak. beJ.), Ju-ru (hunz.).

1 tladalur TqmaSi e. lomTaZe y-s Semvel variantsac (miyoS < miyos "id".)

adasturebs [lomTaZe 2003.

102

tabula 5.7.

ukuqceviT nacvalsaxelTa brunbis paradigma

sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti nacvalsaxe-

lebi

brunvebi

mxoloobiTi

ricxvi

mravlobiTi

ricxvi

mxoloobiTi

ricxvi

mravlobiTi

ricxvi

sax. J‘‘‘‘ `TviTon“ J‘‘‘‘-…“l Ju `TviTon“ Ju-ru

erg. hini hide Jin-lo Jide-l

mic. hini-l hide-l Jin‹ JidŠ

naT. hini-s hide-s Jini-s Jide-s

instr. hini-d hide-d Jin-do Jide-d

ukuqceviToba sxvagvaradac gamoixateba: piris nacvalsaxelebs

daerTvis transformirebuli ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli, mag.: sak. beJ. do-

zu `me Tavad“, mi-zu `Sen Tavad“, ile-zu `Cven Tavad“, miJe-zu `Tqven

Tavad“; hunz. d–-du `me Tavad“, m–-Ju `Sen Tavad“, –g-Ju ìs Tavad“...

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi J‘‘‘‘ ukuqceviT nacvalsaxels daerTvis -

zu [xalilovi 1995: 401], rac reduplikaciis tolfasi Cans, mag.: J‘‘‘‘-ze

`TavTavad“. hunziburSi ukuqceviTobis intensivobas –n nawilaki

gamoxatavs [ix. isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 268]. masTan, SeiZleba ukuqceviTi

nacvalsaxeli reduplicirebuli saxiTac (Jin-Sin-) Segvxvdes [van den

bergi 1995: 64]

5.4.6. gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli. sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi

gansazRvrebiT nacvalsaxelebad unda gamoiyos: s‹‹‹‹-sidi `TiToeuli“

h’’’’hiÁo, yawwo `yvela“, suko-na-zu `yovelgvari“, `yvela“.

hunziburdialeqtSi gvxvdeba: suku-no-J (hunz.), SiÁo-no-J1 (Rarb.) `yvela“,

1 SiÁonoJ (`yoveli“) gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelia, Tumca ganusazRvrel

nacvalsaxelad aris dasaxelebuli [ix. isayovi, xalilovi 2007: 267].

103

siÁo-na-zu `yvelaferi“. orsave dialeqtSi iCens Tavs xunZurisagan

SeTvisebuli gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: Sibab (sak. beJ.), Sibab, Sinab

(hunz.) `yoveli“, Jib-Jib (kap.) `yoveli“.

gasubstantivebuli gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi zedsarTavi (resp.

arsebiTi) saxelis analogiurad ibrunvian.

tabula 5.8. gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebis (s‹-sidi `TiToeuli“

h’hiÁo `yvela“, yawwo `yvela“) brunebis paradigmebi sakuTriv beJitur

dialeqtSi.

`TiToeuli“ `yvela“ `yvela“

sax. s‹-sidi h’hiÁo yawwo

erg. s‹-sidi-da h’hiÁ-a yawwo-la

mic. s‹-sidida-d h’hiÁa-l yawwola-l

naT. s‹-sidida-s h’hiÁa-s yawwola-s

instr. s‹-sidila-d h’hiÁa-d yawwola-d

specialur literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom hunzibur dialeqtSi

xunZuri warmomavlobis gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli moklebulia

brunebis paradigmas [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 268]. Cvens xelT arsebul

masalaSi orsave ricxvSi gvxvdeba am nacvalsaxelis brunvis formebi:

mxoloobTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

sax. Sinab1 `yoveli“ Sinab-la

erg. Sinab-li-l Sinab-la-li

mic. Sinab-l‹ Sinab-la-l‹

naT. Sinab-li-s Sinab-la-li-s

instr. Sinab-li-d Sinab-la-li-d

1 xunZurSi calke segmentad gamoiyofa -ab klasifikatori, romelic S ´́́́in- kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxelis fuZes daerTvis. hunziburSi –ab elementi fuZes aris Sexorcebuli da

klasur gagebas moklebulia.

104

5.4.7. ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli. ganusazRvrelobiTi

nacvalsaxelebi iwarmoeba saTanado kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelis ama Tu im

formisagan ganusazRvrelobiTi -di nawilakis darTviT, mag.: sak. beJ.

suko-di1 `viRac“, siÁo-di `raRac“, sukodi-su-di `vinme“, siÁodi-su-di

`rame“, l‘oÁs-di `viRacis“, l‘inisdi-su-di `raRacisgan“, niÁodi-su-di

`romeliRac“...; hunz. suku-di `viRac“, SiÁo-di `raRac“, sukudi-su-di

`vinme“, SiÁodi-su-di `rame“, niÁo-di `sadRac“ da a. S.

zemomoyvanil nacvalsaxelTagan zog maTgans SeiZleba mravlobiTi

ricxvis formac ewarmoos da, rogroc samarTlianad aris aRniSnuli,

amgvari nacvalsaxelebi kiTxviTi da uaryofiTi zmnis formebTan

Cveulebriv ar gamoiyeneba [van den bergi 1995: 63].

5.4.8. urTierTobiTi nacvalsaxeli. rogorc enaTa tipologia

cxadyofs, am rigis nacvalsaxelebi naklebad aris gavrcelebuli da

beJituri am mxriv gamonakliss ar warmoadgens. gvxvdeba mxolod erTi

kompoziciuri warmoebis nacvalsaxeli, romelic pirveli komponenti

ergativSi dgas, xolo meore komponenti ki _ saxelobiTSi: sidi-hbonso

(sak. beJ.) èrTmaneTi“ (Sdr. Zv. qarT. èrTman-erTi“).

hunzibur dialeqtSi èrTmaneTis“ mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba JidŠŠŠŠ-s

JidŠŠŠŠ, romelic ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis formis

reduplikaciis Cans miRebuli: ...JidŠs JidŠ xabarlit¾ zuyun lo –gra [van

1995: 154, 6] `...erTmaneTis ambavze iyvnen isini“.

5.4.9. uaryofiTi nacvalsaxeli. beJitur enaSi sakuTari warmoebis

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebi ar mogvepoveba. uaryofiToba nacvalsaxeluri

saSualebebiT gamoixateba kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebze bifunqciuri {-na / -

n��} (sak. beJ.), -n(o) (hunz.) darTviT, mag.: suko-na, ho-suyo-na (sak. beJ.),

suku-n (hunz.) àravin“, siÁo-na (sak.beJ.), SiÁo-n àraferi“, àrara“.

rogorc aRniSnulia, hosuyona àravin“, hoSS÷÷÷÷n�� àraferi“ sakuTriv

1 sainteresoa, rom g. madieva kapuWur TqmaSi adasturebs rTul formebs,

romelTac -di-ze damatebiT daerTvis ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli zu `Tavad“ [madieva 1965:

104], mag.: suko-di;ze `viRac“, siÁo-di-zu `raRac“.

105

beJitur dialeqtSi klasisa da brunvis mixedviT ucvlelia [xalilovi

1995: 401]. hunzibur dialeqtSi brunvis kategoria moepoveba SiÁon

(àrara“) nacvalsaxels,y romelsac ìrib“ brunvebSi amosavali

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani aRudgeba:

sax. SiÁo-n àrara“

erg. sin-lo-n

mic. sin‹‹‹‹-n

naT. sini-s-no

instr. sini-d-no

hunzibur dialeqtSi SeiniSneba xunZurisagan SeTvisebuli uaryofiTi

nacvalsaxeli Sibnigi àraferi“ (Sdr. xunZ. Síb-nigi `rac ar unda iyos“),

romelic ar icvleba ricxvis mixedviT da brunebis paradigmasac

moklebulia.

106

Tavi V

zmna

1. zogadi. zmna, rogorc winadadebis xerxemali, aris metad rTuli

Sinaasis Semcveli morfologiuri monacemi. beJitur enaSi zmnas

moepoveba rogorc uRlebis (gramatikuli klasis, ricxvis, drois, kilos,

aqtis), ise warmoqmnis (kauzativis, aspeqtis, potencialisis) kategoriebi.

gramatikuli klasis garda, romelic gamsWvalavs zmnis mTel sistemas da

warmoadgens mis metad specifikur niSans, SeiniSneba pirisa da gvaris

Canasaxi.

zmna icvleba dro-kiloTa mixedviT, romlebiTac beJituri ena

sakmaod mdidaria. mravlobiToba aRiniSneba klasifikatorebis

saSualebiT, romlebic daerTvian prefiqsebad an sufiqsebad. klasis

eqsponentebisagan gansxvavebiT, yvela sxva fleqsiuri da derivaciuli

niSani zmnas sufiqsad moudis.

uRvlilebis sistemaSi arcTu mcire roli akisria infinitiur,

masdarul, absolutiur da mimReobur formebs, romlebic aRweriTi

(analizuri) warmoebis organul komponentebs warmoadgenen.

sagulisxmoa, rom sak. beJituri da hunziburi dialeqtebis ZiriTadi

Taviseburebani metwilad zmnis sistemaSi iCens Tavs.

2. gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis gamoxatva zmnaSi. nebismieri zmna,

Tu is klasis eqsponents moklebuli ar aris, orsave ricxvSi klasTa

mixedviT saTanadod icvleba. zmnaSi ricxvis aRniSvnis principi klasis

gamoxatvis analogiuria _ masSi airekleba Sesabamisi klasis subieqtis

an obieqtis (resp. obieqtebis) simravle: gardamaval zmnaSi _ realuri

subieqtisa (RS), gardauvalSi ki _ realuri obieqtisa (RO), mag.: honl‘o

(RS _ erg.) maCe (ROd _ sax.) b-ol'oc (tlad.) ìs miwas xnavs~, mr. r.

honl‘o (RS _ erg.) maCeÁa (ROd _ sax.) r-ol'oc ìs miwebs (yanebs) xnavs~; ––––g

(RS _ sax.) Ø-ent¾en lo marat¾ (van 1995: 162, 4) ìs avida mTaze~.

sagulisxmoa, rom beJituri zmna klasis eqsponentebs infiqsadac

gviCvenebs, rac am enis Taviseburebas warmoadgens [x. 3.2.1]. uklasniSno

107

zmnaTaTvis infiqsuri klasifikatoris (yora kiSa-ba-C `bavSvebi

TamaSoben...) darTva bunebrivi movlena iqneboda, Tumca klasniSniani

zmnebis damatebiTi markireba ucnaurobad miiCneva. bolo SemTxvevaSi

mravlobiTobis ormagad aRniSvna gviandeli procesi Cans da, rogorc

varaudoben, uklasniSno zmnaTa mravlobiTobis specialuri afiqsebiT

gamoixatvis analogiiT ganviTarebuli [burWulaZe 1989: 197]. rac Seexeba

zmnis mravlobiTobis infiqsur niSnebs, isini genezisurad substantivTa

mravlobiTobis niSnebTan pouloben paralels [lomTaZe 2000: 82].

amrigad, beJituri zmna SeiZleba iyos klasniSniani an uklasniSno.

klasniSnian zmnebs klasifikatori yvela droisa da kilos formaSi

gasdevs. klasniSniani zmnebia: sak. beJ. Á-o…al `keTeba~, `qmna~, Á-aÃal

`gaxdoma~, `yofna~, Á-aRal `warTmeva~, Á-atal `siyvaruli~, Á-onyal

`moyvana~, Á-ezal `waReba~, `wayvana~, Á-edlal `Caqroba~, Á-‘WWal `Wra~ (k.),

r-eCal `gaCereba~, `dgoma~, r-aRal àmoReba~, `moZroba~, r-esal `Wama~

(xaS.)...; hunz. r-eqa `Camovardna~, r-oxa àReba~, `yidva~, r-u…a || r-ua

`keTeba~, r-uWWWa `Wra~, n-exa `Sexeba~, n-et¾a `wasvla~ da mr. sxv.

SedarebT mcirea uklasniSno zmnaTa ricxvi: sak. beJ. gulal

`dadeba~, `dadgma~, Caxal `wera~, nil'lal `micema~, giÁal `svla~,

`siaruli~, geli (tl.), geÁ (k.), g�l‘i (xaS.) àris~, kiSal `TamaSi~, xul'al

`sma~...; hunz. Canxa `wera~, l‘iSa `dawebeba~, ful'a `berva~, kard‰ `triali~,

Sit¾a `Cacma~ da a. S.

uklasniSno zmnebi Taviseburebas gviCveneben im mxriv, rom saTanado

predikatul sintagmaSi saxelis klassa da ricxvze miTiTeba xdeba

atributuli saxelis an leqsikuri mniSvnelobis saSualebiT. iSviaTad

gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac fuZiseuli xmovnis ablautiT

(Sinagani fleqsiiT) axdenen klasTa diferenciacias. kerZod, meSveli

zmna (àris~) lo gamoiyeneba _ I, II, III klasebisaTvis, xolo li _ II

(nivTebi), IV klasebisaTvis tot-al (I kl.), tit-al (II kl.), tut-al (III

kl.) `srola~, ToÃ-al (I kl.), TiÃ-al (NII kl.), TuÃ-al (III kl.) `fusfusi~...

[bokarevi 1959: 98; van den bergi 1995: 99-100; xalilovi 1995: 404; lomTaZe

2000: 50].

108

3. uRvlilebis tipebi: klasovani, klasovan-pirovani. beJituri zmna

Cveulebrivi gagebiT monopersonaluria da klasovani uRvlilebis mqone,

radgan masSi gramatikulad aRiniSneba oden erTi saxelis (subieqtis an

obieqtis) klasi, e. i. saxeli zmnaSi saTanado klasifikators aCens.

masTan, rogorc cnobilia, gardauval zmnaSi realuri subieqtis klasi

aisaxeba, mag.:


mxoloobiTi ricxvi

I kl. abo (RS _ sax.) Øohdas o ɺɺ ɺɺbu (RS _ sax.) _ Ø-–hd‰ `mama muSaobs~

II kl. iÁo (RS _ sax.) Á-ohdas iÁu (RS _ sax.) Á-–hd‰ `deda muSaobs~

III kl. ons (RS - sax.) b-ohdas ons (RS _ sax.) b-–hd‰ `xari muSaobs~

IV kl. yo…………a (RS _ sax.) Á-ohdas y––––ra (RS _ sax.) r-–hd‰ `bavSvi muSaobs~

mravlobiTi ricxvi

I kl. abol, iÁol (RS _ sax.)

b-ohdas

oɺbu…a, iÁu…a (RS _ sax.)

b-–hd‰

`mamebi, dedebi

muSaoben~

II kl. onso, yo…………a (RS _ sax.)

Á-ohdas

onsu, y–ra (RS _ sax.)

r-–hd‰

`xarebi, bavSvebi

muSaoben~

obieqturi uRvlilebisas klasniSnian gardamaval zmnaSi realuri

(uaxloesi) obieqtis klasi da ricxvi aRiniSneba. sqematurad:


I kl. isti (RS _ erg.) m�Ce (ROd _ sax.) b-ol'os `Zma yanas xnavs~

II kl. aÃÃa (RS _ erg.) m�Ce (ROd _ sax.) b-ol'os `qali yanas xnavs~

III kl. onsi (RS _ erg.) m�Ce (ROd _ sax.) b-ol'os `xari yanas xnavs~

IV kl. l‘‹ (RS _ erg.) m�Ce (ROd _ sax.) b-ezeS `wyals yana miaqvs~

realuri subieqti SeiZleba idges micemiT brunvaSi, xolo uaxloesi

obieqti _ saxelobiTSi. gardamaval zmnaSi amjeradac realuri obieqtis

klasi aisaxeba:

109

mxoloobiTi ricxvi

I kl. dil (RS _ mic.) Ø-acca abo (ROd _ sax.) `me miyvars mama~

II kl. dil (RS _ mic.) Á-acca iÁo (ROd _ sax.) `me miyvars deda~

III kl. dil (RS _ mic.) b-acca gege (ROd _ sax.) `me miyvars Widaoba~

IV kl. dil (RS _ mic.) Á-acca kima (ROd _ sax.) `me miyvars yveli~

mravlobiTi ricxvi

I kl. dil (RS _ mic.) b-‰cca oJo-da,

qib-ba (ROd – sax.) `me miyvars biWebi, gogoebi~

II kl. dil (RS _ mic.) Á-‰cca Rand-ba,

wit-a (ROd _ sax.) `me miyvars yvavebi, danebi~

garda amisa, beJitur enas moepoveba winadadebis posesiuri

konstruqcia, romelSic realuri subieqti naTesaobiT brunvaSia, xolo

realuri obieqti _ saxelobiTSi. imis gamo, rom meSveli zmna

uklasniSnoa, klasifikatori gramatikulad ar aris realizebuli, mag.:

�Jd�hl‰S (RS _ naT.) haboÁ (ROd _ sax.) geÁ (xaS.) `devebs (`devebis~) aqvT

(àris~) wisqvili~, ol‘us (RS _ naT.) s–rÁo (ROd _ sax.) lo (hunz.) `mas

(`misi~) cxeni hyavs (àris~)~.

zemomoyvanil winadadebebSi formobrivad ar Cans, Tu habo

(`wisqvili~) da s––––rÁo (`cxeni~) romel gramatikul klass ganekuTvnebian.

klasuri kuTvnilebis gamocnoba SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki maT daukavSirdeba romelime adieqtivi. Tavad am enaze

metyvelisaTvis semantikuri warmodgenac sakmarisia gramatikul klasTa

gasarCevad.

garda klasovani uRvlilebisa, romelic beJituri enis orive

dialeqtisTvis Cveulebrivi movlenaa, hunzibur dialeqtSi awmyos wris

nakvTTan SemCneulia klasovan-pirovani uRvlileba [bokarevi 1959: 49; van

den bergi 1995: 83].

zmnis uRvlilebaSi piris kategoriis Camoyalibeba iwyeba mesame

piridan, rogorc ufro ganyenebuli erTeulidan. hunziburi zmnis awmyo

110

konkretulis I da II pirebSi dasturdeba -Co / -C formantiani awmyos

sruli forma, xolo III piri fuZis saxiT (nulovani morfemiT) aris

warmodgenili. ternarul opoziciaSi III piri I-II pirebs uniSnobiT

upirispirdeba, rogorc komunikaciis aqtSi CaurTveli piri komunikaciis

aqtSi monawile pirebs.1 amasTanave, zmna klasebis mixedviTac saTanadod

icvleba:

I d– Á-ent¾e-C `me mivdivar~

II m– Á-ent¾e-C `Sen midixar~

III ogu Á-ent¾e-Ø2 ìs (qali) midis~

uklasniSno zmnebSi gramatikulad oden pirTa dapirispireba iqneba

gamoxatuli:

I d– xul'-Co `me vsvam~

II m– xul'-Co `Sen svam ~

III –g xul'-Ø2 ìs svams~

4. gardamavlobis sakiTxisaTvis. beJitur enaSi, axlomonaTesave enaTa

analogiurad, zmna metwilad stabiluria. igi stabiluria xunZur

zmnasTan SedarebiT, romelSic gardamavali zmna labilur ergatiul

konstruqcias qmnis [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 244]. zmnis met-naklebi

stabiluroba da gvarTa garCevis SesaZlebloba TavisTavad svams

gardamavlobis sakiTxs.

beJitur enaSi, mravali enis analogiurad, gvxvdeba imTaviTve

gardauvali da gardamavali zmnebi. zmnis Ziris semantikidan gamomdinare,

gardamavali zmnebi SeiZleba warmoqmnil iyvnen pasivebisagan. pirvelad

aqtivTa struqtura xandaxan amgvari mosazrebis safuZvlianobas

cxadyofs [ardoteli 2008: 75].

cnobilia, rom zmnuri fuZis gaaqtiureba iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi

kauzaciis gziT xdeba Q[Ciqobava 1950, 061]. beJitur enaSic absoluturi

1 analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs xunZuri enis Warul dialeqtSi im gansxvavebiT, rom

procesi ufro Sors aris wasuli da II-III pirebi I pirs upirispirdebian [Ciqobava,

cercvaZe 1962: 233].

2 Ø aRniSnavs piris nulovan morfemas.

111

zmnebisagan relatiuri zmnebi kauzativis -l / > -n (beJ.), -l/-le (hunz.)

formantTa darTviT iwarmoeba, mag.: sak. beJ. Á-ut-al `dawola~ _ Á-uta-l-

al `dawvena~, nis-al `Tqma" _ niso-l-al `kiTxva~, xul'-al `daleva~ _

xul'o-ll-al `Sesmeva~, Á-uRo-s `kvdeba~ _ Á-uRo-l-ca `klavs~, b-eke-ro

`daiwva~ _ b-ike-l-lo (< *b-eke-l-ro) `dawva~...; hunz. nuy-a `moRunva

(iRuneba)~ _ nuye-l-a `moRunva (Runavs)~, beq-a `Camovardna~ _ beqe-l-a

`Camogdeba~, nos-a `bneva~ _ noso-l-a `yra~, Ø-uhu-r `mokvda~ _ Ø-uhu-le-r

`mokla~ da mr. sxv.

gardamaval zmnaTa sawarmoeblad kauzativis formantis funqciiT

gamoiyeneba agreTve -ki / -k (sak. beJ.), -(e)k / -k–––– / -k (hunz.) mazmnavebeli

(resp. fuZis mazmnavebel-maaqtivebeli) sufiqsi, romelic hunziburSi

funqciurad reinterpretirebulia da ufro kauzaciis roli akisria, mag.:

�Ád� `win~ _ �Ád�-k-al `gadaadgileba~, ÁaWWo `civi~ _ ÁaW-k-al `gaciveba~,

RaÁo `dampali~ _ RaÁ-k-al `dalpoba~...; hunz. Á-arCe `dgeba~, ìRviZebs~ _

Á-arCe-k àRviZebs~, b-ut-a `daZineba (iZinebs)~ _ b-ut-k-a `daZineba

(aZinebs)~, m-uCe-r `gaiqca~ _ m-uCe-k-e-r `gaaqcia~, Ø-ohd‰-r ìmuSava~ _ Ø-

ohd‰-k-e-r àmuSava~, b-ˆyyu `didi~ _ b-ˆy-k––––-r `gaadida~, kiSa-b‰r ìTamaSes~

_ kiSa-b‰-k-er àTamaSes~, hel‰ ìxarSeba~ _ hel‰-k `xarSavs~ da misT.

5. gardamavlobisa da gvaris urTierTobisaTvis. marTalia beJituri

zmna garkveulwilad stabiluria, magram gramatikuli gvari bolomde

Camoyalibebuli ar aris. cnobilia, rom gvarsa da gardamavlobas Soris

mWidro kavSiri arsebobs, vinaidan gramatikuli gvaris mqone enaTa zmnaSi

moqmedebiTi gvari gardamavlobas iTavsebs.

beJituri enis erTi rigis Zireul da yvela nasaxelar zmnaSi

gardamavloba, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, -ki / -k (beJ.), -k, -k–––– (hunz.)

formantebiT iwarmoeba. swored amgvarad nawarmoebi formebi binarul

opozicias qmnian -l‘/-l‘i (beJ.), -l/-la/-li (hunz.) sufiqsiT nawarmoeb

sapirispiro semantikis formebTan. aseTi formebis korelacia yvelaze

mkafiod nasaxelar zmnaTa warmoebaSi daCndeba. sailustracio

magaliTebi:

112

saxeli zmna

Áixalo-k-ca (moq.) àgrZelebs~

Áixalo `grZeli~

Áixalo-l‘-ca (vn.) `grZeldeba~

Á�nSe-k-ca (moq.) àmoklebs~

Á�nSS÷ `mokle~

Á�nSe-l‘-ca (vn.) `mokldeba~

inzo-k-ca (moq.) àgrovebs~, àbevrebs~

inzo `grova~

inzo-l‘-ca (vn.) `grovdeba~, `bevrdeba~

Áuy-k-ca (moq.) àdidebs~

Áuyo `didi~

Áuy-l‘-ca (vn.) `diddeba~

hinx-k-o-c (moq.) àrCens~

hinx `didxans~

hinx-l-o-c (vn.) `rCeba~

l‘iSe-k-e (moq.) àwebebs~

l‘iSe `webdeba~

l‘iSe-l-e (vn.) èwebeba~

qoSe-k (moq.) àTibvinebs~

qoSe `Tibavs~

qoSe-l (vn.) ìTibeba~

SesaZlebelia hunzibur dialeqtSi vnebiTad miCneul qoSela

(`mTibaoba~) tipis formebs potencialisis semantikac hqondes. garda

amisa, hunziburSi xdeba kauzativisa da pasiurobis (potencialisis)

sufiqsebis damTxveva, rac fonetikuri transformaciis (l‘ > l)

safuZvelze xdeba [lomTaZe 2000: 218]. Tavis mxriv, -l‘, romelic sak. beJ.

113

dialeqtSi ucvlelad aris daculi, genezisurad `gaxdoma~, `gardaqceva~

semantikis zmnuri Zirisagan unda iyos warmoqmnili[Ciqobava, cercvaZe

1962: 341-342].

6. aspeqtis kategoria. aspeqti zmnis erT-erTi uZvelesi

kategoriaTagania, radganac igi drois kategoriis winmswrebia [Ciqobava

1948: 76-80]. aspeqti ganimarteba, rogorc zmnis Tviseba _ gansxvavebulad

warmogvidginos moqmedebis mimdinareoba [ix. WumburiZe 1986: 8-9].

cnobilia, rom daRestnologiaSi aspeqtis kategoriis mimarT aris

araerTgvarovani damokidebuleba [burWulaZe 1993: 60-66]. konkretulad

didour enaTa mimarT sakiTxi aspeqtis calke gramatikul kategoriad

gamoyofis Taobaze ar dasmula, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviRebT

h. ibrahimovis werils, romelSic am TvalsazrisiT zogadad aris

mimoxiluli daRestnur enaTa viTareba [ibrahimovi 1999: 82-90].

enaTmecnierebaSi sazogadod garkveulia, rom gramatikuli

kategoriis calke gamosayofad aucilebelia ori piroba: gramatikuli

(forma) da leqsikuri (semantika). aspeqtis kategoria moqmedebis

mimdinareobis procesis ramdenime qvesaxeobas icnobs, romlebSic

funqciur-semantikuri korelacia (momentobrivi _ diuratiuli, usruli _

sruli, erTgzisi _ mravalgzisi...) sxvadasxvagvaria [jorbenaZe 1993: 74]. am

qvesistemebidan beJituri ensTvis niSandoblivia ori qvesistema: usruli

– sruli, erTgzisi – mravalgzisi.

e. bokarevi beJitur enis sak. beJitur dialeqtze dakvirvebisas wers:

`beJitur enaSi sakmaod didia im zmnaTa ricxvi, romelTac SeuZliaT

`gaxSirebuli formis~ zmnaTa calke saxe awarmoon gangrZobiTobis,

mudmivobis, moqmedebis Cveulebriobis mniSvnelobiT~ [bokarevi 1959: 101].

avtori orsave sakvlev dialeqtSi asaxelebs Cax-d-al (`wera xolme~)

tipis sailustracio magaliTebs, magram maT aspeqtis statuss ar aniWebs.

faqtobriv analogiurad iqcevian misi Tanamedrove Tu mogviano xanis

specialistebic, romlebic gamoyofen mravalgzisobis (resp. unaxaobis,

TurmeobiTobis) kategorias an antipasivs [imnaiSvili 1963: 171-172; van den

bergi 1995: 111; lomTaZe 2000: 161-171; Sdr. ibrahimovi 1999: 82].

swored Cax-da-s (`wers saerTod, mweralia~) tipis organulad

nawarmoeb magaliTebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba beJitur enaSi gamoiyos

114

aspeqtis kategoria. aspeqtis (mravalgzisobis) kategoria, rogorc amas

savsebiT samarTlianad aRniSnavs e. lomTaZe `...damaxasiaTebelia

roogorc organulad nawarmoebi, ise yvela aRweriTi zmnuri

formisaTvis. misi aRmniSvnelia specialuri sufiqsi (-dV _ n. a.),

romelic uSualod daerTvis zmnis martiv fuZes dro-kiloTa yovelgvari

sufiqsis win da, rac sayuradReboa, mravlobiTobisa da kauzativis

sufiqsebis winac ki~ [lomTaZe 2000: 164]. sailustracio magaliTebi:


erTgzisi (momentobrivi)

mravalgzisi (diuratiuli)

infinitivi

Á-‘W-�l `Wra~, `Cexva~ Á-‘W-d-’l `Wra, Cexva xolme~

Á-ut-al `wola~ Á-ut-d-‰l `wola xSirad~

Á-aRoh-al `Tibva~ Á-aRoh-d-‰l `Tibva xolme~

r-o…-al `keTeba~, `qmna~ r-oh-d-‰l `muSaoba, keTeba

xolme~

Á-ok-al àReba~,

`maTxovroba~

Á-ok-d-‰l àReba xolme~

Cax-al `wera~ Cax-d-al `wera xSirad~1

Ão…-al `kiTxva~, `rqmeva~ Ãoh-d-‰l `swavla, kiTxva

xSirad~

awmyo

Á-‘W-C� `Wris~ Á-‘W-d’-S `Wris xolme~

Á-aRoh-ca `Tibavs~ Á-aRoh-d‰-s `Tibavs xolme~

Á-o…o-s àkeTebs~ Á-oh-d‰-s `muSaobs~

1 am formidan Cans nawarmoebi Cax-da-gi (`mwerali~, `gadamwereli~), Áok-da-gi

(`maTxovari~) formebi, risTvisac fuZis semantikas unda Seewyo xeli.

115

Á-ok-ca ìRebs~ Á-ok-d‰-s ìRebs xolme,

maTxovrobs~

Cax-Co `wers~ Cax-da-s/-S `wers xolme~

ÃŒ-c `kiTxulobs~ xŒ-d‰-c/Ãoh-d‰-c/-s `swavlobs,

kiTxulobs xolme~

namyo ZiriTadi

Á-aRohi-Áo / -ro `moTiba~ Á-aRoh-d‰-Áo / -ro `moTibis~

Á-oki-Áo / -ro àiRo~ Á-ok-d‰-Áo / -ro àiRis~

÷hl'÷-Á÷ / -ro `daaxvela~ ÷h-d’-Áo / -ro àxvelebdis~

Caxi-Áo / -ro `dawera~ Caxi-d‰-Áo / -ro `werdis~

hunziburi dialeqti

l'ax-a `varcxna~ l'ax-d-a `xSirad varcxna~

qanx-a `fxana~ qanx-d-a `xSirad fxana~

hec-l'-a `cxviris cemineba~ hec-d-‰ `cxviris xSirad

cemineba~

Ão…-a `swavla~ Ão-d-‰

(Rarb. ÃŒ-d-‰)

`swavla xolme~

Cax-a `wera~ Cax-d-‰ `xSirad wera~

anl‘-a `gaxvreta~ an-l-d-‰ `xSirad gaxvreta~

awmyo

l'ax ìvarcxnis~ l'ax-d‰ ìvarcxnis xolme~

Cax-Co `wers~ Cax-d‰-C `vwer, wer xolme~

Cax-d‰ `wers xolme~

ÃŒ-c `vkiTxulob~ ÃŒ-d‰ `swavlobs,

kiTxulobs xolme~

Ø-Œ-c `vakeTeb~ Ø-oh-d‰-C `vmuSaob~

anl‘a `xvrets~ anl‘-d‰ `xvrets xolme~

116

namyo ZiriTadi

l'axe-r `daivarcxna~ l'ax-d‰-r `daivarcxnis~

qanxe-r `daifxana~ qanx-d‰-r `daifxanis~

Ø-ohe-r ìmuSava~ Ø-oh-d‰-r ìmuSavis~

anl‘e-r `gaxvrita~ anl‘-d‰-r `burRis~, `gaxvritis~

garda aspeqtis gadmocemis am saSualebisa, romelic yvela zmnas arc

ewarmoeba da metwilad iteratiuli (resp. mravagzisi) semantikis zmnebs

moicavs, gamoiyeneba agreTve dapirispireba awmyo konkretulis

(momentobrivi) da awmyo zogadis (diuratiuli) formebs Soris. cnobilia,

rom awmyo zogadi Seicavs awmyosa da myofadis Sinaarss, e. i.

regularuli moqmedebis gagebas gamoxatavs gansxvavebiT awmyo

konkretulisagan, romelsac metwilad saubris momentSi mimdinare

procesis gadmocema ekisreba. amdenad korelacia awmyo konkretulsa da

awmyo zogads Soris savsebiT SesaZlebelia miCneul iqnas dapirispirebad

wyvetil da gangrZobiT aspeqtebs Soris, miTumetes awmyo zogadi arc

namyo uwyvetlis gagebas aris moklebuli [Ciqobava 1948: 77].


awmyo konkretuli (momentobrivi)

awmyo zogadi (diuratiuli)

b-it¾e `klavs~ b-it¾-‰ `klavs~, `moklavs~

b-eJe `miaqvs~, `mihyavs~ b-eJ-‰ `daaqvs~, `dahyavs~,

`waiRebs~, `waiyvans~

b-anwa-C `vxedav~ b-a-nw-‰ `vnaxulob~, `vnaxav~

hehe-C `vcem~ heh-‰ `vcem xolme~

xul' `svams~ xul'-‰ `svams~, `Sesvams~

Cax-Co `vwer~ Cax-‰ `vwer~, `davwer~

r-uo-C `vakeTeb~ r-u…-‰ `vakeTeb~, `gavakeTeb~

niJŒɺ-C `vTesav~ niJ-‰ `vTesav~, `davTesav~

117

aspeqturi korelacia xelSesaxebia aRweriT formebSic. kerZod,

namyo uwyvetlisa da namyo wyvetilis analizuri formebi opozicias

zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedebis dausrulebloba-dasrulebulobiT qmnian,

mag.:

namyo uwyvetlis TurmeobiTi

namyo ZiriTadis TurmeobiTi

Øen-t¾e-C zuyo-na geÁ

`midioda Turme~

Øet¾e-na zuyo-na geÁ

`wavida Turme~

Áek-ca zuyo-na geÁ

àmbobda Turme~

Áek-na zuyo-na geÁ

`Tqva Turme~

Øet¾e zuyu-n lo

`modioda Turme~

Øet¾e-na zuyu-n lo

`wasula Turme~

amrigad, awmyos droiani aRweriTi formebi upirispirdebian namyos

absolitivian formebs, rogorc dinamikuri Sinaarsis (moqmedebis

mimdinareobis procesi) statikuri Sinaarsis (moqmedebis mdgomareoba)

formebs. am SemTxvevaSi dinamikuroba-statikuroba, xunZuris analogiu-

rad, mWidrod Cans dakavSirebuli Sesabamisad usrul da srul

aspeqtebTan [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 337].

7. kauzativi. kauzativi, rogorc cnobilia, gulisxmobs realuri

subieqtis uSualo an gaSualebul moqmedebas uaxloes (resp. pirdapir)

obieqtze [Ciqobava 1950: 377-378,; maWavariani 1988: 62-65; TayaiSvili 1974, 514;

uTurgaiZe 1995: 116...]. amis gaTvaliswinebiT kauzativis kategoria

ganixileba farTo gagebiT, vinaidan sakvlev enaSi Camoyalibebulia

pirveladi (resp. erTiniciatoriani) da meoreuli (resp. oriniciatoriani)

kauzativebis warmoebis mwyobri sistema. pirveladi kauzativi, romelic

gardamaval zmnas etoleba, erTi iniciatoriT (resp. egzekutoriT) mainc

metia meoreul kauzativze [ardoteli 2008: 64-83].

kauzativis warmoeba sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT orgvaria: 1. organu-

li da 2. aRweriTi.

118

7.1. kauzativis sinTezuri warmoeba. sinTezur formaTa warmoebisas

gamoiyofa gardauval da gardamaval zmnaTa fuZis semantikuri

orxazovnobiT Sepirobebuli kauzativis derivaciis ori ZiriTadi

formula:

1. gardauvali zmnis fuZe + formanti -l pirveladi kauzativi +

formanti -l1 = meoreuli kauzativi;

2. gardamavali zmnis fuZe + formanti -l = pirveladi kauzativi +

formanti -l = meoreuli kauzativi.

pirveladi da meoreuli kauzatiuri formebi damaxasiaTebelia

sakvlevi enis orive dialeqtisaTvis [xalilovi 1980: 25; isayovi 1986: 12-14;

1995: 407; van den bergi 1995: 107-108; lomTaZe 2000: 189-208; ardoteli 2008:

73-74]. sailustracio magaliTebi:

1 kauzativis niSnad hunziburSi SeiZleba gansxvavebuli niSani (-k-V, -Vk) daCndes,

magram es movlenis arss ver cvlis.

119


zmnis fuZe zmnis forma kauzativi

niso- niso-s àmbobs~ niso-l-ca èkiTxeba~

Ãoo- (< Ão…o-) Ãoo-s `kiTxulobs~ ÃoÁ-ll-i-s àkiTxvinebs~

r-eke- r-eke-C ìwvis~ r-eke-l-ca `wvavs~

Ø-uRo- Ø-uRo-s `vkvdebi~ Ø-uRo-l-ca `vklav~

kauzativis warmoeba pirveli formulis mixedviT:

zmnis pirveladi forma

pirveladi kauzativi meoreuli kauzativi

r-ie-C ìngreva~ r-ie-l-ca àngrevs~ r-ie-l-e-l-ca àngrevinebs~

r-eke-C ìwvis~ r-eke-l-ca `wvavs~ r-eke-l-e-l-ca àwvevinebs~

r-iyo-ro `movida~ r-oyo-l-lo `moiyvana~ r-oyo-l-o-l-lo `moayvanina~

r-uRo-ro `mokvda~ r-uRo-l-lo `mokla~ r-uRo-l-o-l-lo `moakvlevina~

120

kauzativis warmoeba meoreuli formulis mixedviT:

zmnis pirveladi forma

pirveladi kauzativi

meoreuli kauzativi

nixo-s àmbobs~ niso-l-ca èkiTxeba~ niso-l-l-i-s àTqmevinebs~

Á-ox-ca ìWers~ Á-oxi-ll-i-s àWerinebs~ Á-oxi-ll-e-l-i-s àWerinebinebs~

Á-‘W-C� `Wris~ Á-‘Wi-ll-i-s àWrevinebs~ Á-‘Wi-ll-o-l-i-s àWrevinebinebs~

121

analogiurad iwarmoeba kauzativis sinTezuri formebi hunzibur

dialeqtSi im gansxvavebiT, rom sawarmoebel sufiqsad SeiZleba –kV iyos,

mag.: Ø-utu-r `daiZina~ _ Ø-ut-ke-r `daaZina~ _ Ø-ut-ke-ke-r `daaZinebina~,

laxl'e-r `gainZra~ _ laxl'e-ke-r `gaanZria~ _ laxl'e-ke-ke-r `gaanZrevina~,

Canxe-r `dawera~ _ Canx-ke-r `daawerebina~ _ Canx-ke-ke-r `daawerinebina~...

zemomoyvanili formebi mowmoben, rom beJitur enaSi amosavali

pirveladi zmnebidan kauzativis formantis darTviT iwarmoeba pirveladi

kauzativi (aqtivi), xolo am formantTa reduplikaciiT, rac iniciator-

egzekutorTa matebas iwvevs _ meoreuli kauzativi [isayovi 1986: 12-13;

ardoteli 2008: 70-71].

7.2. kauzativis analizuri warmoeba. beJitur enaSi kauzativis

aRweriTi formebi bazisur zmnaTa diuratiuli aspeqtis fuZeze gul-al

(`dadeba~, `dadgma~) damxmare zmnis enklitikurad darTviT iwarmoeba. es

zmna kauzatiur formebSi, ZiriTad zmnasTan erTad, erT mTlianobad

aRiqmeba, amitom, m. xalilovis analogiurad [xalilovi 1995: 407], mas

Cvenc erTad vwerT [Sdr. lomTaZe 2000: 207], mag.: buWda-gol-al

`gaWrevineba~, Ãohda-gol-al `swavlebineba~, Øohda-gol-al `muSavebineba~,

l'iÁaxo-gol-al `gaqcevineba~ da misT.

122

dro-kiloTa sistema

beJituri ena dro-kiloTa formebiT sakmaod mdidaria. sauRlebel

erTeulebSi _ nakvTebSi, romlebSic zmna icvleba gramatikuli klasisa

da ricxvis mixedviT,1 garCeulia: 1) organuli (sinTezuri) warmoeba, 2)

aRweriTi (analizuri) warmoeba Tavis mxriv, organul warmoebaSi

SeiZleba gamoiyos ori qvejgufi: a) martivfuZiani (martivi zmnuri

fuZisagan nawarmoebi) da b) rTulfuZiani (gramatikuli formisagan

nawarmoebi) formebi.

beJituri enis orsave dialeqtSi sinTezuri formebidan garCeulia

awmyo myofadi da namyo ZiriTadi.2 awmyo zogadis formebs, hunziburi

dialeqtisagan gansxvavebiT, sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti moklebulia.

rac Seexeba analizur warmoebas, drois aRweriTi formebidan

dasturdeba: a) awmyo konkretuli, b) namyo SedegobiTi, g) namyo

uwyveteli, d) winare namyo, e) namyo ZiriTadis TurmeobiTi, v) namyo

uwyvetlis TurmeobiTi.

1. sauRlebeli zmnis fuZe. beJituri zmnis ZiriTad elementebs

Seadgenen: klasifikatori (damakavSirebeli xmovniTurT) + fuZe (resp.

Ziri) + Tematuri niSani + fleqsiuri (resp. derivaciuli) morfema. zmnuri

struqturis es ZiriTadi modeli ar aris obligatiuri _ igi SeiZleba

ama Tu im komponentis (resp. segmentebis) gareSe dasturdebodes. zmnis

fuZe SeiZleba ganimartos, rogorc is mdgradi segmenti (RerZi),

romelsac CamoSorebuli aqvs klasis (da ricxvis), drois, kilosa da

Temis niSnebi.

maSasadame, zmnis fuZes win uRvis klasifikatori, mosdevs fuZis

formanti (resp. Tematuri niSani) da dro-kiloTa sawarmoebeli afiqsi.

masTan, fuZe arcTu iSviaTad Zirs udris, an Seicavs am ukanasknels.

uklasniSno zmnis fuZe SeiZleba iwyebodes da sruldebodes xmovniT an

1 pirieli formebis garCevis faqtebs Canasaxis saxiT vxvdebiT hunziburi

dialeqtis awmyo konkretulSi I-II da III pirebis dapirispirebis mixedviT [ix. bokarevi

1959: 49; Sdr. lomTaZe 2000: 84].

2 sak. beJiturSi myofadisa da infinitivis formebi materialurad erTmaneTs

emTxveva, Tumca semantikurad mkafiod ganirCevian.

123

TanxmovniT. xmovniT dawyebuli yvela zmnuri fuZe magarSemarTviania.

Zalian bevria odenkonsonantiani (C-) da labialurelementiani (CW-) Zir-

fuZeebi. klasifikatori, rogorc fleqsiuri elementi, fuZis

struqturaSi ar erTiandeba iseve, rogorc ricxvisa da dro-kiloTa

saTanado afiqsebi.1

zmnis fuZe, garda xmovnuri elementebis darTvisa, SeiZleba

garTuldes: gardamavlobis -ki/-k (sak. beJ.), -k––––/-k (hunz.), kauzativis -l,

potencialisis -l‘/-l‘i da aspeqtis -da/-d‰‰‰‰ formantebis darTviT.

beJitur enaSi uRvlileba, brunebis analogiurad, erTi

morfologiuri procesia, nairgvarobas sauRlebeli zmnis fuZisa da

zmnur formaTa afiqsebis urTierTmoqmedebis safuZvelze warmoqmnili

morfonologiuri cvlilebebi iwveven.

zmnuri fuZis ragvarobis dadgena da uRvlilebis ZiriTadi tipebis

gamoyofa awmyo konkretulisa da namyo ZiriTadis monacemebis

gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes [lomTaZe 1959: 13]. swored am nakvTTa

formebSi moCans gamWvirvaled fuZis namdvili saxe.2

amrigad, beJitur zmnaSi gamoiyofa uRvlilebis ori ZiriTadi tipi:

a) xmovanfuZiani da b) TanxmovanfuZiani. zmnur sityvawarmoebisas

SeiZleba saTanado struqturis formantTa (-C, -VC) darTvis Sedegad

xmovanfuZiani zmna TanxmovanfuZianad iqces.

a) xmovanfuZiani zmnebi SeiZleba bolovdebodes yvela martiv

xmovanze,3 romelTagan gamoyenebis sixSiriT e gamoirCeva, mag.:

1 am mxriv gamonakliss qmnian gaxleCili (diqotomiuri) fuZeebi, romlebSic

infiqsad CaerTvis gramatikuli elementebi (klasifikatori, mravlobiTobis afiqsi...).

2 zmnuri fuZe TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba hunziburi dialeqtis awmyo konkretulis III

pirSi: xmovanfuZiani xmovanze sruldeba, TanxmovanfuZiani ki _ Tanxmovanze.

3 e. lomTaZe i da ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ xmovnebze dasrulebul fuZeTa arsebobas ugulebelyofs

[lomTaZe 2000: 149], Tumca amgvari fuZeebi dasturdeba, mag.: hunz. Øanyo ɺɺ ɺɺ (Sdr. Øanyo ɺ-C

`modis“), niJŒ ɺ (Sdr. niJŒ ɺ-C `Tesavs“)...; sak. beJ. ÁoqCi- (Sdr. ÁoqCi-S ìRebs“) da misT.

124


bin-t¾¾¾¾-e-C bi-t¾¾¾¾-e `klavs“

be-C-e-C be-C-e `dgas“

be-t¾¾¾¾-e-C ben-t¾¾¾¾-e `midis“

b-Œ-c bu-…………-o àkeTebs“

bu-R-o-c bu-h-u `kvdeba“

bi-J-e-s ni-J-ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ `Tesavs“

kiS-‰-C kiS-‰‰‰‰ `TamaSobs“

bi-l'q-i-s _ `mirbis“, `miipareba“

bo-l'-o-c b–-l'-–––– `xnavs“

bi-y-e-C bi-y-e ìcis“1...

b) zmnTa meti wili TanxmovanfuZiania awmyo drois Cvenebis mixedviT,

magram namyo ZiriTadis monacemebs Tu davemyarebiT, maSin yvela beJituri

zmna xmovanfuZiani iqneba [lomTaZe 2000: 160]. TanxmovanfuZian zmnaTa

sailustraciod SeiZleba moviyvanoT:


tut-ca tut-Co `visvri“, `vtyorni“

Cax-Ca Cax-Co `vwer“

nil-ca nˆ̂̂̂l'-Co `viZlevi“

zoR-ca zˆ̂̂̂R-Co `vpoulob“

bu-Ã-Ca nu-Ã-Co `vWam“

Áa-c-ca ra-t-Co `miyvars“

be-R-ca b–-R-Co `vCxubob“

re-kel-ca re-kel-Co `vanTeb“

be-q-ca be-q-Co `vecemi“

bu-W-Ca bu-W-e-C2 `vWri“...

1 dawvrilebiT [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 149].

2 es magaliTi naTeli dasturia imisa, rom istoriulad es zmna xmovanfuZiani

yofila, magram sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi formantiseuli xmovnis gavleniT

125

namyo ZiriTadSi orive dialeqti xmovanfuZian zmnebs gamoavlens,

rac amosaval viTarebad aris miCneuli [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 158-160].

2. infinitivi. zmnis yvelaze zogadi Sinaarsis Semcveli

unificirebuli forma infinitivia, amitom saleqsikono erTeuladac

Cveulebriv mas asaxeleben. igi iwarmoeba -al/-‰‰‰‰l/-��l (sak. beJ.), -a/-‰

(hunz.) sufiqsebiT, romlebic fuZis yvela auslautur xmovans kvecen da

xmovanfuZian zmnebs TanxmovanfuZianebad aqceven. amiT aris nakarnaxevi

arsebiTad marTebuli mosazreba, rom infinitivis Cvenebis mixedviT

sauRlebeli zmnis fuZis jerovani kvalifikacia da uRvlilebis tipebis

dadgena SeuZlebelia [lomTaZe 1959: 16; 2000: 160; bokarevi 1959: 103-104;

xalilovi 1955: 404...].

zmnaTa mcirericxovani jgufi markirebulia klas-kategoriis

niSnebiT, romlebic infinitivSic saerTo wesis mixedviT saTanadod

icvlebian: sak. beJ. Á-o…………-al1 `keTeba“, Á-ez-al `waReba“, `wayvana“, Á-at-al

`siyvaruli“, Á-et¾-al `wasvla“, Á-iz-al `Zebna“, Á-‘C’x-�l `daZineba“, Á-

edl-al `Caqroba“, Á-eS-al `Wama“, Á-aÃ-al `gaxdoma“, `gadaqceva“, Á-enxel-

al `Sexeba“, Á-eR-al `Cxubi“...; hunz. Á-aÃ-a `gaxdoma“, Á-ox-a àReba“,

`yidva“, Á-eC-a `dgoma“, `gaCereba“, `darCena“, Á-–l'-a `xvna“, Á-u…-a `keTeba“,

Á-it¾-a `mokvla“, Á-o ɺy-a `motana“, Á-anw-a `danaxva“...

garda klasifikatorebisa, infinitivSi kauzativisa (niso-l-al

`SekiTxva“, Ãohda-gol-al `swavlebineba“, Á-eke-l-al `dawva“, h�ld÷ki-ll-

al `gaTeTrebineba“...) da aspeqtis (sak. beJ. Cax-Ca `wers [werils]“ _ Cax-da-

C `wers [mudmivad]“, ÃŒ-c `kiTxulobs [wigns]“ _ Ãoh-da-c `kiTxulobs

[saerTod]“... hunz. Á-Œ-c `muSaob“ _ Á-h-d‰‰‰‰-C `muSaob (mudmivad)“, xˆs-Co

ìfxan [axla“]“ _ xˆs-d‰‰‰‰-C ìfxan xolme“, henhen `Wixvinebs“ _ henhen-d‰‰‰‰

`Wixvinebs (gabmiT, xSirad)“...) kategoriebi aris warmodgenili. amasTanave,

masSi SeiZleba mazmnavebeli (resp. gvaris) afiqsebi da potencialisis

formanti aisaxos, mag.: sak. beJ. h�ldiÁo `TeTri“ _ h�ldo-k-al

reducirebula, xolo hunzibur dialeqtSi fuZiseul xmovans umarjvia. analogiurad

unda iyvnen warmoqmnili sxva TanxmovanfuZiani zmnebi.

1 infinitivis formebs II klasis mixedviT vimowmebT.

126

`gaTeTreba (aTeTrebs)“, nuSSo `wvrili“ _ nuSo-k-al `danawileba

(anawilebs)“, ÁaWW-o `civi“ _ ÁaW-k-al; hunz. `gaciveba (acivebs)“, maSSo

`mokle“ _ maSe-l‘-al `damokleba (mokldeba)“... ÁoWWu `civi“ _ ÁoWen-ke-r

`gaaciva“, haldo `TeTri“ _ haldu-ke-r `gaaTeTra“, wundu `wiTeli“ _

wundu-l‘e-r `gawiTlda“, ro ɺWWu `civi“ _ ro ɺWe-le-r `gacivda“ da mr. sxv.

Cvens yuradRebas iqcevs analizuri agebulebis zmnebi, romlebic

Sedgebian saxeluri an zmnuri komponentisa da meSvelzmnad gamoyenebuli

(bu…-a `keTeba“, gul-al `dadeba“, bo ɺÃ-a `gaxdoma“, `gardaqceva“...)

erTeulebisagan. infinitivis niSani bolokidur wevrs erTvis, mag.: sak.

beJ. Ãohda ÁuR-al `swavlis dasruleba“, wumi Áo…-al `Senaxva“, urRizi

ÁaÃ-al `fiqri“, daÃuca Áo…-al `gafuWeba“...; hunz. bercin bu…-a

`galamazeba“, reyezi Øo ɺÃ-a `Serigeba“ da misT.

sainteresoa, rom sakvlevi enis orsave dialeqtSi xandaxan

infinitivis sufiqsis xmovniTi elementi grZeldeba, rac van den bergs

hunziburSi nulovan alomorfs gamoayofinebs [van den bergi 1995: 88].1

sinamdvileSi saqmis viTareba aseTia: infinitivis niSnad

grZelxmovniani (sak. beJ.) an grZeli xmovani (hunz.) upiratesad

diuratiulobis (mravalgzisobis) gamomxatvel fuZeebTan gvxvdeba, mag.:

sak. beJ. Áoh-d-‰o (kap.) `muSaoba“, Áok-d-‰l (kap.) `Txovna“, `maTxovroba“

Ãoh-da-b-‰l (sxaS.) `swavla“...; hunz. kar-d-‰ `triali“, Ão-d-‰ `swavla“, Cax-

d-‰ `wera xSirad“ da a. S.

rogorc damowmebuli magaliTebi cxadyofen, infinitivis fuZe

Seicavs diuratiulobis sufiqss -da-s, romlis xmovniTi elementi

infinitivis markerTan Sexvedrisas ki ar ikveceba [lomTaZe 2000: 169],

aramed am ukanasknels erwymis. Sedegad viRebT grZelxmovnian sufiqsebs:

-‰l < -a+al (sak. beJ.), -a < -‰+a (hunz.).

ismis kiTxva: _ infinitivis formaTa segmentaciisas grZeli xmovani

fuZes unda ganekuTvnos Tu afiqss?

Tu grZel xmovans fuZiseulad gaviazrebT, rogorc amas van den

bergi akeTebs [van den bergi 1995: 88, 111], maSin hunzibur dialeqtSi

1 sak. beJ. d.-Si dasturdeba -�l alomorfic, romelic sruli progresuli

asimilaciiT Cans Sepirobebuli [ix. ardoteli 2009: 68].

127

nulovani alomorfi gamoiyofa, xolo sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi oden

-l, rac faqtobriv viTarebas ver asaxavs.

ufro marTebuli Cans e. lomTaZis debuleba, romelic

diuratiulobis gamomxatvel formebSi infinitivis niSnad oden -a-s (-‰‰‰‰-s)

gamoyofas uWers mxars [lomTaZe 2000: 169; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 46].

rac Seexeba t¾is-‰l (`weva“, `Tra“) tipis formebs, amgvari zmnebi

fuZis bolokidurad xmovans gamoavlenen, romelic infinitivis niSanTan

Sexvedrisas erwymis mas da grZel xmovnad gardaqmnis, mag.: t¾is-‰l

<*t¾isa-al (Sdr. awmy. t¾isa-s) `weva“, `Tra“, Áeg-‰l <*Áega-al (Sdr. namy.

absolut. Áega-na `naxa ra“) `naxva“ da a. S.

3. supinumi. beJituri enis hunzibur dialeqtSi dasturdeba

infinitivis formaze -diÁa sufiqsiT nawarmoebi supinumis (e. w.

aucileblobiTi forma) formebi, romlebic funqciurad da semantikurad

infinitivTan axlo dganan. supinumi zmnebTan gamoiyeneba miznis

garemoebis, xolo saxelebTan ubralo damatebis daniSnulebis funqciiT

[lomTaZe 2000: 11; van den bergi 1995: 89], mag.: saRl‘i wumi ru…………adiÁa

biSSun arto Sart rawal‘i li `janmrTelobis dasacavad

(`gasakeTeblad“) yvelaze win sisufTavis dacva aris“, ˆg Øunxer

xul'adiÁa `man daiwyo daleva“, ˆg Øent¾er bo ɺl‘u ‡al'‰ xul'adiÁa ìs

wavida sxva sofelSi dasalevad“, maamad Øent¾er maJid Øit¾¾¾¾adiÁa

`mahamedi wavida maJidis mosaklavad“ da misT.

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi ru…adiÁa (`gasakeTeblad“,

`gakeTebisaTvis“) rigis formaTa ekvivalentur odenobad aRweriTi

formebi (infinitivi plus nuwos, nuwoc ùnda“) dasturdeba, mag.: Áes-al

nuwos `saWmelad“, ohd-‰‰‰‰l nuwos `samuSaod“, ùnda muSaoba“: _ hugi Je

bex-mex onyal nuwos (xalil. 1995: 209) ìs male unda movides (Zv. qarT.

`mosvlad ars“)“, bil'o ro…al nuwoda, riyal nuwoc, riyal nuwoda

Ãodahal nuwoc `rom aSeno, unda icode, rom icode unda iswavlo“.

infinitivisa da supinumis funqciuri siaxlove kargad aris cnobili

specialuri literaturidan [van den bergi 1995: 89; lomTaZe 2000: 11-13],

amitom am sakiTxs detalurad aRar ganvixilavT.

128

4. droTa sinTezuri formebis warmoeba. zmnis organul da aRweriT

formaTa Sepirispirebisas TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba: sinTezuri

formebis semantika ufro metad abstrahirebuli da zogadi semantikis

Semcvelia, xolo aRweriTi formebi met-naklebad moklebulni arian

ganyenebuli Sinaarsis gadmocemas, maTTvis ufro metad niSandoblivia

damatebiTi modaluri da aspeqtobrivi niuansebis gamoxatva.

5. awmyo ZiriTadi. awmyo ZiriTadi drois umTavresi funqcia aris

gadmosces saubris momentSi mimdinare moqmedeba. masTan, igi arcTu

iSviaTad myofadis, awmyo zogadis (metadre sak. beJiturSi), awmyos

absolutivis modalur mniSvnelobebsac gamoxatavs.

awmyo ZiriTadi kargad aris Camoyalibebuli sakvlevi enis orsave

dialeqtSi da misi formantebia: -c‰/-c, -C‰/-C, -S, -s (sak. beJ.). -CŒ/-C (I, II p.),

-Ø (III p.) (hunz.). zmnis fuZeTa ragvarobis mixedviT, dasaxelebul

formantTa distribucia amgvaria: a) -V# _ -ca, -Ca, -Co; b) -C# _ -c, -C, -S, -s.1

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi awmyo ZiriTadi uaryofiTi formebi

iwarmoeba zmnis saTanado fuZeze -��‡‡‡‡��/a‡‡‡‡a, -‰ (< -a-a < -a‡‡‡‡a) (kap., xaS.), -a‡‰/-a‡

(xaS., tlad.) saerTo warmomavlobis sufiqsis darTviT.2 kapuWur

1 rogorc Cans, awmyo ZiriTadis formantTa amgvari aranJireba sakvlevi enis

srulxmovnobiT Cans Sepirobebuli [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 85; van den bergi 1995: 83]. amis

gaTvaliswinebiT, ar unda Seesabamebodes sinamdviles, TiTqos awmyo (resp. awmyo-myofadi)

dro nawarmoebia infinitivis fuZisagan [xalilovi 1995: 404], mag.: Áixl‘i-s (Sdr. inf.

Áixl‘-al `gaTboba“) `vTbebi“...

2 sakuTriv beJituri dialeqtis uaryofiTobis sufiqsi -a‡a (< g�‡� || ga‡a, Sdr.

Øat¾elna ga‡e àr ucemia“, Øat¾el-a‡a àr vcem“... geÁ àris“ meSvelzmnis uaryofiT

formas unda ukavSirdebodes (Sdr. xunZ. -Wo < heWo àr aris“...). specialur

literaturaSi uaryofiTobis formantad Cveulebriv -‡‡‡‡a/-‡‡‡‡ [lomTaZe 2000: 230], -as

[madieva 1965: 133], -‡as [xalilovi 1995: 406] odenobas gamoyofen. e. bokarevi am rigis

formantad -a‡‡‡‡a/-a‡‡‡‡-s asaxelebs, rac ufro marTebuli Cans, vinaidan -‡‡‡‡a-s gamoyofis

SemTxvevaSi regularulad TavCenili winamavali a-s genezisi gaurkveveli rCeba

[lomTaZe 1959: 14]. fuZed infinitivis gamoyeneba gasaziarebeli SeiZleba yofiliyo

[lomTaZe 2000: 230], Tumca sxva axlomonaTesave enebi sxva Cvenebas iZlevian: hin.

baccogom (< *baw-ho gom <*baw-ho `vWam“ + gome àr aris“) àr vWam“, sak. did. Øit¾i-x

Áal‘ < *Øit¾i-xo `vWam“ + *gal‘ àr aris“) da a. S.

maSasadame, unda vifiqroT, rom awmyo ZiriTadis uaryofiTi formebi nawarmoebia

129

kilokavSi zemoxsenebuli sufiqsi CaeTvis zmnis fuZesa da awmyo

ZiriTadis formantebs (-s, -S) Soris, xolo xaSarxutul kilokavSi

analogiur poziciaSi gvxvdeba -c, -C sufiqsebi. tladalur da

xaSarxotul kilokavebSi uaryofiTobis formants odenTanxmovniani

saxiTac (-‡) adastureben [lomTaZe 2000: 232]. saqarTveloSi (yvarlis r-nis

sof. Cantlisyure) mcxovreb tladalelTa metyvelebaSi -a‡‡‡‡a sufiqsia

gabatonebuli, mag.: tut-a‡a àr visvri“, àr vesvri“, Øat¾el-a‡a àr vcem“

da misT.

tladalur da xaSarxotul kilokavTa saTanado saanalizo

formebSi ikargeba rogorc xmovniTi (a‡‡‡‡a > -a‡‡‡‡), ise TanxmovniTi (a‡‡‡‡a < aa

< ‰‰‰‰) elementebi [lomTaZe 2000: 232-231]. -a‡‡‡‡a > -a‡‡‡‡ procesi SeiniSneba

kapuWur metyvelebaSi [xalilovi 1995: 406].

safiqrebelia, Tavdapirvelad geÁ (àris“) meSvelmznis uaryofiTi

forma g��‡‡‡‡�� (àr aris“) enklitikurad daerTvoda bazisur zmnas da

uaryofiTobas aniWebda mas, romelsac cveTis niadagze Tavkiduri

Tanxmovani daukargavs da TandaTanobiT Sexorcebia ZiriTad zmnas

[analogiisaTvis ix. ardoteli 2007: 92].

hunzibr dialeqtSi awmyo ZiriTadis uaryofiTi formebi -at

sufiqsis darTviT iwarmoeba [bokarevi 1959: 60; van den bergi 1995: 84; Sdr.

lomTaZe 2000: 230-235].1

awmyos fuZisagan uaryofiTobis gamomxatveli meSveli zmnis Taviseburi semantikur-

formobrivi transformaciiT, romelic xmovanfuZian zmnaTa bolokidur fuZiseul

xmovans kvecs, mag.: awmy. dad. bol'o-s `xnavs“ _ awmy. uary. bol'-a‡a-s (< *bol'o-a‡a-s,

Sdr. Áuyo `didi“ _ Áoy-a‡a-s < *Áuyo-a‡a-s `didi maTgani“) àr xnavs“...

1 el. lomTaZe Sesabamis sufiqsad oden -t-s gamoyofs da sawarmoebel fuZed

infinitivis mzamzareul formas miiCnevs [iqve, gv. 234]. aqac iseve, rogorc sak.

beJiturSi, fuZis sakiTxi sapaeqroa, radganac infinitivis l-s (-al- sak.-beJ.)

gauCinarebas Tavi rom davaneboT, Cndeba zogi garemoeba, romelTa mixedviTac awmyos

uaryofiTobis niSnad -at gamoiyofa. kerZod, myofadis uaryofiTi formebi awmyo

konkretuisagan xmovnis dagrZelebiT iwarmoeba: nˆl'-Ca `vaZlev“_ nˆl'C‰-t `mivcem“, hehe-C

`vcem“ _ heheC‰-t àr vcem“...

vfiqrobT aRniSnul formebSi a/ miRebulia ori xmovnis SerwymiT xul'-Ca `vsvam“ _

xul'C‰-t (<*xul'Ca-at) àr vsvam“... alogikuri Cans e. lomTaZis ori Tvalsazrisi

uaryofiTobis sufiqsis Sesaxeb hunziburSi [lomTaZe 2000: 246].

130

awmyo ZiriTadis sailustracio magaliTebi sqematurad aseT, saxes

miiRebs:

a. sakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

zmnis fuZe dadebiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

uaryofiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

ÁaÃ- ÁaÃ-ca àrsebobs“ ÁaÃ-a‡a-s `ver iqneba“

Áac- (<Áat-) Áac-ca ùyvars“ Áat-a‡a-s ùyvars“

ÁŒ- ÁŒ-s/-S àkeTebs“ ÁŒ-a‡a-s àr akeTebs“

bocdol'- bocdol'-ca `brmavdeba“ bocdol'-a‡a-s àr brmavdeba“

‘C-(<b‘W-) Á‘C-Ca (< b‘C-sa) `Wris“ Á‘C-a‡a-s àr Wris“

baWil‘- baWil‘-Ca

(tlad.)

`civdeba“ baWil‘-a‡a-s àr civdeba“

Áut- Áut-ca `wveba“ Áut-a‡a-s àr wveba“

ÃŒ-, Ão…- ÃŒ-s `kiTxulobs“ Ão…-a‡a-s àr kiTxulobs“

Áet¾e- Áet¾e-C `midis“ Áet¾-a‡a-s àr midis“

nil'- nil'-ca àZlevs“ nil-a‡a-s àr aZlevs“

ÁuRo- ÁuRo-s/-c `kvdeba“ ÁuR-a‡a-s àr kvdeba“

Á�xe- Á�xe-S ìxeva“ Á�x-a‡a-s àr ixeva“

rega- Áega-C `xedavs“ Áeg-a‡a (tlad.) àr xedavs, ar

Cans“

ÁaÃ- ÁaÃ-ca `xdeba“ ÁaÃ-a‡a (xaS.) àr xdeba“

tut- tut-ca ìsvris“ tut-a‡a (tlad.) àr esvris“

Áiye- Áiye-S ìcis“ Áiy-‰ (xaS.) àr icis“

Cax- Cax-Ca `wers“ Cax-a‡a || Cax-a‡

(xaS.)

àr wers“

ruÃ- ruÃ-Ca `Wams“ ruÃ-a‡a || ruÃ-a‡

(xaS.).

àr Wams“

131

b. hunziburi dialeqti

zmnis fuZe dadebiTi formebi leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

uaryofiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

Á–l'-o- Á–l'o-C (I, II p.) `vxnav“1 Á–l'-at àr vxnav“

Áiye- Áiye (III p.) ìcis“ Áiy-at ` ar icis“

Áanye- Áanye-C (I, II p.) `movdivar“ Áany-at àr movdivar“

qoSe- qoSe-C (I, II p.) `vTibav“ qoS-at àr vTibav“

Áent¾e- Áent¾e-C (I, II p.) `mivdivar“ Áent¾-at àr mivdivar“

ÁiJŒ- ÁiJŒ-C (I, II p.) `vTesav“ ÁiJ-at àr vTesav“

Áit¾e- Át¾e-C (I, II p.) `vklav“ Át¾-at àr vklav“

hehe- hehe-C (I, II p.) `vcem“ heh-at àr vcem“

Áanwe- Áanwe-C (I, II p.) `vxedav“ Áanw-at àr vxedav“

Cax- Cax-Co (I, II p.) `vwer“ Cax-at àr vwer“

Áox- Áox-Co (I, II p.) `vyidulob“ Áox-at àr vyidulob“

xul'- xul' (III p.) `svams“ xul'-at àr svams“

nˆs- nˆs-Co (I, II p.) `vambob“ nˆs-at àr vambob“

Áeq- Áeq (III p.) `vardeba“ Áeq-at àr vardeba“

anl‘- anl‘-Co (I, II p.) `vaerTeb“ anl‘-at àr vaerTeb“

Áokol- Áokol-Co (I, II p.)2 `vagroveb“ Áokol-at àr vagroveb“

sagulisxmoa, rom zemomoyvanili yoveli piris forma gabmul

teqstebsa da cocxal metyvelebaSi farTod gamoiyeneba: sak. beJ.: dil

Áacca diÁe qid [lomT., 2003: 143) `me miyvars Cemi gogo“, mi dil Áacca `me

Sen miyvarxar“, haÁda kovakŒ suko xexsa bocdol'ca [lomT. 2003: 130]

`Tvalebvadmyofi kaci male brmavdeba“, ÃŒadab‰cax altezi baÃcas

`mowafeebi Sromoben“, hasal ‡aJabera hinWo g��CCo [lomT. 2003: 185] `cis

arwivi saSiSi ar aris“, beTa sibor‰ mex baWil‘Ca `Semdeg Semodgomisas

1 simartivisaTvis I da II piris formebi qarTulad I piriT iTargmneba.

2 erTi Cemi informatori mimtkicebda, Áokol-Co (`vagroveb“) da misTana awmyo

drois formebi calke Cveulebriv ar ixmareba, aramed mxolod aRweriT formebSi (namy.

uwyv. Áokol-Co zuyur `vagrovebdi“...) viyenebTo. e. bokarevi mas awmyo drois mokle

mimReobad Tvlis [bokarevi 1959: 53]. es forma arc i. isayovsa da m. xalilovs Seutania

zmnur paradigmebSi [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 277], Tumca e. lomTaZes da van den bergs

igi awmyo konkretulis formad miaCniaT [lomTaZe 2000: 84-88; van den bergi 1995: 83-84].

132

amindi (`dro“) civdeba“, do ‡‡‡‡et¾¾¾¾eC ‡al'a‡aS [lomT., 2003: 156] `me mivdivar

soflidan“, simindi henx biyos [lomT. 2003: 137] `simindi Cqara mwifdeba“,

isti boxas Sugo (kap.) `Zma yidulobs cxens“, dil regaC teq (tlad.) `me

vxedav wigns“, diÁe yami kokocas (tlad.) `me Tavi mtkiva“...; hunz.: d– kiS‰‰‰‰C,

m–n kiS‰ (nah.) `me (sadac) vTamaSob, Senc iTamaSe“, `...ilbisligon nˆx–n m–

d– it¾¾¾¾ekCo“-l'e nˆs–n li [van 1995: 160, 2] `demons Tu uTxari, Sen me

mogakvlevineb“ _ uTqvams, kot-kottu gemo lideru bat-batiÁab Jo ru…a

riye Je [van 1995: 179, 8] `Zalian kargi gemos mqone sxvadasxva ramis keTeba

ician axla~, di‡i mawa Sugu `me vxedav cxens“, honJe, `SiÁo nˆ̂̂̂s, SiÁo nˆ̂̂̂s“

l'e nˆs–n li [van 1995: 165, 10] `maS, ras ambobs, ras ambobs? _ ukiTxavs~

`‡adam z–Rdo, giSok, z–Rin Cod, Tufi tut-Co1 l'e nˆs–n bol‘u oJdil

[van 1995: 223,8]. `Tu adamiani xar, gamodi (gareT), Tu ara, Tofs gesvri“ _

uTqvams im biWs“ da mr. sxv.

6. awmyo zogadi. marTalia, awmyo zogadi regularulad martooden

hunziburi dialeqtisTvis aris niSandoblivi, Tumca sporadulad

sakuTriv bJituri dialeqtis xaSarxotul da tladalur dialeqtebSic

mogvepoveba.2

yuradRebas iqcevs specialur literaturaSi awmyo zogadis

sxvadasxvagvari gageba da, aqedan gamomdinare, mis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli

reliefurad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi. sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom

iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa awmyo zogadi (resp. zogadi dro) namyo drois

Sinaarss ar gadmoscems da amitom mas ver miviCnevT aoristad3 [Sdr. van

1 sacnauria, rom bolo winadadebaSi dadasturebul awmyo ZiriTadis formas

(tutCo `visvri“, `gesvri“) aSkarad myofadis gageba aqvs.

2 tladalur dialeqtSi mas adasturebs e. bokarevi da mas zogad dros uwodebs,

radganac, misi intepretaciiT, yvela drois gagebas Seicavs [bokarevi 1959: 104; mis

Sesaxeb ix. lomTaZe 2000: 97]. analogiur (nisaÁro tipis) formebs xaSarxotul

kilokavSi adastureben m. xalilovi da i. ramazanovi, romlebic, e. bokarevisagan

gansxvavebiT, maT namyo uwyvetlis droiT Targmnian [xalilovi, ramazanovi 1992: 79].

3 aoristi, rogorc cnobilia, gamoxatavs namyo droSi zogadaspeqtobrivi

moqmedebis dasrulebulobas [Ciqobava, 2008: 210; WabaSvili 1989: 47; ell 1990: 37], amtom

aoristi, pirdapiri gagebiT, namyoSi momxdar dasrulebul moqmedebasTan SeuTavsebelia.

133

den bergi 1995: 84].

yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom van den bergi awmyo zogads

aoristis saxeliT moixseniebs, magram awmyo zogadis miseuli ganmarteba

marTebulia da saTanado magaliTebic sworad aris naTargmni [van den

bergi 1995: 84-85].

maSasadame, awmyo zogadi hunzibur dialeqtSi iwarmoeba zmnis sada

an modificirebuli (xmovanmokvecili) fuZisagan -Ø/-Œɺ/-Œ1 / -‰ sufiqsis

darTviT. nulovani morfemiT (-Ø) warmodgenilia maSin, rodesac zmnis

fuZe grZeli xmovniT (-V#) bolovdeba [van den bergi 1995: 84].

rac Seexeba xaSarxotul dialeqts, zogadi drois (awmyo zogadis)

mniSvnelobiT adastureben nisaÁro (àmbobs“, ìtyvis“) tipis formebs,

romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad iTargmneba da sxvadasxva mkvlevarTan

sxvadasxvagvari kvalifikacia eZleva [bokarevi 1959: 52-57, 104; aleqseevi

1988: 163-164; xalilovi, ramazanovi 1992: 79; Sdr. lomTaZe 2000: 103-108].

sailustracio magaliTebi sqematurad:


zmnis fuZe dadebiTi formebi leqsikuri mniSvneloba

nisnis-aÁro àmbobda“2

Áeg- Áeg-aÁro `xedavda“

Áony- Áony-aÁro `modioda“

nil'- nil'-aÁro àZlevda“

gel- gel-aÁro àrsebobda“

1 e. lomTaZes awmyo zogadisa da myofadis droebi aRreulad aqvs warmodgenili

[lomTaZe 2000: 97-108, Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 52-57]. sinamdvileSi nˆs-Œ ɺ (àmbobs xolme“,

ìtyvis“) awmyo zogadis formaa, xolo xul'Œ ɺ-r (`dalevs“) _ myofadi droisa. aqve unda

aRiniSnos, rom am formaTa Soris funqciur-semantikuri siaxlove xelSesaxebia.

2 xaSarxotulsa da tladalur kilokavebSi amgvari formebi namyo uwyvetlis

Sinaarss Seicaven da moklebulni arian awmyosa da myofadis gagebas. [xalilovi,

ramazanovi 1992: 79; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 104] amis gaTvaliswinebiT, maTi miCneva awmyo

zogadad (resp. zogad drod) Znelad gasaziarebelia [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 104; madieva 1965:

124].

134

Áent¾- Áent¾-aÁro `midioda“

Áo…- Áo…-aÁro àkeTebda“

Áuw- Áuw-aÁro `yvaoda“


zmnis fuZe dadebiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

uaryofiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

ÁuÃ- ÁuÃ-Œɺ `Wams xolme“ ÁuÃo-Ás àr Wams xolme“

Áo ɺÃ Áo ɺÃ-Œɺ `xdeba xolme“ Áo ɺÃo-Ás àr xdeba xolme“

Áil'- Áil'-Œ ɺ `mReris xolme“ Áil'o-Ás àr mReris xolme“

Áu…- Áu…-Œɺ àkeTebs xolme“ Áu…o-Ás àr akeTebs xolme“

Áat- Áat-Œɺ ùnda xolme“ Áato-Ás àr unda xolme“

Áanw- Áanw-Œɺ `vxedav xolme“ ianwo-Ás àr vxedav xolme“

heh- heh-Œɺ `vcem xolme“ heho-Ás àr vcem xolme“

Cax- Cax-Œɺ `wers xolme“ Caxo-Ás àr wers xolme“

qax- qax-Œɺ `vifxan xolme“ qaxo-Ás àr vifxan xolme“

Ãod‰- Ãod‰-Ø `swavlobs

xolme“

Ãodo-Ás àr swavlobs

xolme“

anl‘d‰- anl‘d‰-Ø `xvrets xolme“ anl‘do-Ás àr xvrets xolme“

nˆl'- nˆl'-Œ ɺ ìZleva xolme“ nˆl'-oÁs àr iZleva xolme“

sailustraciod moviyvanT ramdenime winadadebas: ol‘ul qeW il'Œ ɺ ìs

simReras mReris (ambobs) xolme“ [van 1995: 84], amad utal‘ xonr‰‰‰‰ (isay.,

xalil. 2001: 273] àhmedi ZilSi xvrinavs“, misqin suku alahlin ØatoÁs

`sawyali kaci Rmersac ar unda“, Øanyer sukî honsund‰ Tofi tuta

JuÃloÁs òmidan dabrunebul kacs Tofis srola ar eswavleba“, hanÁ

hinÁad b–w–n baÃoÁs `sisxli sisxliT ar iwmindeba“, maÁdanl‘eru hˆni

135

ru…………ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ `moedaniviT gzebs akeTeben“, y–ra iskolal‹ Ãod‰‰‰‰ [lomT. 2000: 105,

24] bavSvi skolaSi swavlobs“, `rawa, xabarla niÁa“, l'e nˆs–n li. `niÁo ɺ“,

l'e nˆs–n [van 1995: 168, 10; 169, 1) `modi, ambebi momiyevio“ _ uTqvams.

`mogiyvebio“ _ miugia“1 da mr. misT.

7. myofadi dro. beJituri enis hunzibur dialeqtSi dasturdeba

semantikurad awmyo zogadTan axlomdgomi formebi, romlebic nawarmoebi

Cans awmyo zogadis formisagan -r sufiqsis darTviT. am or droul

formas Soris Sinaarsobrivi siaxlovec, rac sagangebod aRiniSneba

[isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 273-274], swored fuZeTa erTobiT unda iyos

gamowveuli. awmyo zogads, rogorc ubnobis momentSi mimdinare zogad

dros, myofadis gagebac moepoveba romelic myofadSi SesaZlebel

moqmedebad vrceldeba, magram myofad dros awmyos gageba Cveulebriv ar

gaaCnia. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi semantikuri urTierTgadajaWvac

sawarmoebel fuZeze Cans damyarebuli, radganac sufiqsad namyo

ZiriTadis formanti (-r < -ro) moudis da araregularuli gamoyenebis

tladalur formebTan genezisurad Cans dakavSirebuli [ix. lomTaZe 2000:

103-104].2

myofadis uaryofiTi formebi hunziburSi, awmyo zogadis saTanado

formaTa analogiurad, -Ás sufiqsiT iwarmoeba (ix. 2), rac erTxel kidev

naTelyofs am droul formaTa siaxloves, mag.: ruhlo-Ás m– `Sen ver

gatex“, …aÁl …aÁs mo ɺgo ɺ baxeloÁs [van 1995: 148] `ZaRli ZaRlis tyavs ar

daxevs“, b–ls– riJey xo nuÃuru suku niSe inCoxoÁs `swored es bevri

xorcis mWameli kaci amaRam ver gadarCeba“, mˆ hundu buWed, dˆ noÁs `Tu

Sen SeSas moWri, me ar moval“.

1 bolo winadadebaSi awmyo zogadis formas myofadis mkafiod gamoxatuli

semanika aqvs, rac bunebrivia _ awmyo zogadi myofadis Sinaarssac iTavsebs.

2 yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom sak. beJituri dialeqtis xaSarxotulsa da

tladalur kilokavebSi myofadi drois awmyo zogadis gageba dahkisrebia mas Semdeg,

rac es ukanaskneli mTlianad moSlila. am kilokavebSi dadasturebul iseT formebSi,

rogoricaa nil'-aÁ-ro (àZlevs xolme“), rox-aÁ-ro (ìRebs xolme“) -ro aoristis niSania,

xolo -aÁ (> -a/ > -Œ) ki _ awmyo zogadis odindeli niSani [ix. imnaiSvili 1963: 174-177].

136

rac Seexeba sakuTriv beJitur dialeqts, myofadi drois sakuTari

gramatikuli forma mas ar moepoveba da am drois gadmosacemad iyenebs

awmyo konkretuls an infinitivis formas [bokarevi 1959: 102; lomTaZe 2000:

104-108]. marTalia, beJitur dialeqtSi sporadulad gvxvdeba hunziburSi

myofadi drois regularuli formebis (nˆsŒɺ-r ìtyvis“...) Sesatyvisi

odenobani (Øent¾aÁ-ro `dadis xolme“...), magram maT ufro awmyo zogadis

Sinaarsi aqvT.



sawarmoebeli

fuZe

myofadi dro sawarmoebeli

fuZe

myofadi dro leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

nil'- nil'-al/-a nˆl'-Œ ɺ-1 nˆl'Œ ɺ-r `miscems“

Áet¾e- Áet¾-al/-a Áent¾-Œɺ- Áent¾Œɺ-r `waval“

Áat- Áat-al/-a Áat-Œɺ- ÁatŒɺ -r `Seiyvarebs“

tut- tut-al/-a tut-Œɺ- tutŒɺ-r èsvris“

Áaye- Áay-al/-a Áay-Œɺ- ÁaŒɺ-r `moitans“

ÁŒ-(<Áo…-) Áo…-al/-a Áo…-Œɺ- Áu…Œɺ-r `gaakeTebs“

ÁuÃ- iuÃ-al/-a ÁuÃ-Œɺ- ÁuÃŒɺ-r `SeWams“

Cax- Cax-al/-a Cax-Œɺ- CaxŒɺ-r `dawers“

sak. beJ.: gŒda, met¾¾¾¾al yaraliÁa‡a `Tu moxval, wavalT yvarelSi“,

dul do bissun keto l‘ani ‡endos qidna nil'al [lomT., 2000: 105, 7] `Sen

me samTagan yvelaze karg qaliSvils mogcem“, holo bowi ‡ilu muxal

[lomT., 2000: 105, 11] ìm cxvars Cven davklavT“...; hunz.: tex½ rox‹don,

bedon oqro nˆ̂̂̂l'ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺr `wigni romc ar iyido, fuls mainc mogcem“, urRelid

1 hunzibur dialeqtSi myofadi awmyo zogadis formas emyareba da amitom fuZed

gamoyenebuli forma yovelTvis xmovanze dasrulebuli iqneba.

137

maru…an reqŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺr `naRveliT mTebic daiSlebian“, mesed ro ɺgî mesed roÃŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺr

òqro nakelSic oqro iqneba“, ent¾eC diÁan sˆd ‡adamlig nˆsl–n li, `d–

hˆnd– uhoɺr?“ [van 1995: 162, 5]. `midis ra erT kacs hkiTxa: _ me rodis

movkvdebi?“ ‡ol‘ud hins rel‘, kima, TiÃer‹ ÁuŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺr [lomT., 2003: 296] `misi

rZisgan erbo, yveli, mawoni keTdeba (gakeTdeba?)“ da mr. sxv.

8. namyo ZiriTadi. namyo ZiriTadi (aoristi), romelis saSualebiT

gamoxatuli dasrulebuli moqmedeba win uswrebs saubris moments,

iwarmoeba uSualod zmnuri fuZisagan -rŒŒŒŒ////-lo/-e (xaS., tlad.), -ÁŒŒŒŒ////-Á÷÷÷÷, -lo

(< -ro), -V ɸɸ ɸɸ (kap.), -r (hunz.) sufiqsebiT [Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 102-103; madieva

1965: 119-120; van den bergi 1995: 84; xalilovi, ramazanovi 1992: 79].1

aoristis uaryofiTi formebi sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi iwarmoeba

-e Tematurxmovnian zmnur fuZeze -‡‡‡‡e sufiqsis darTviT, romelsac, Tavis

mxriv, kapuWur da xaSarxotul kilokavebSi daerTvis namyo wyvetilis

odindeli mawarmoeblebi [lomTaZe 2000: 255; Sdr. bokarevi 1959: 106].

tladalur kilokavSi bolokidurad -s/-S danarTi ar SeimCneva da

zogjer uaryofiTobas oden -‡‡‡‡ awarmoebs. wminda aRweriTi TvalsarisiT,

ramdenadac sakvlev enaSi Øet¾e-S (`wavida“) modelis formebi

sinqroniulad ar dasturdeba, ufro marTebulia aoristis uaryofiTi

formebis sufiqsad -‡‡‡‡es/-‡‡‡‡eS gamoiyos [xalilovi 1995: 406].

rac Seexeba hunziburi dialeqtis aorists, igi nawarmoebia -is

sufiqsiT, romlis xmovniTi elementi, rogorc wesi, grZeli saxiT aris

warmodgenili -‹‹‹‹s (<-i‡‡‡‡is)2. sailustracio magaliTebi:

1 am SemTxvevaSi aqtualurad dgas namyo drois formaTa segmentaciis problema da,

aqedan gamomdinare, fuZisa da formantTa jerovani gamijvnis sakiTxi.

2 -‡i (hunz.): -‡e (sak. beJ.) saxesxvaobaTa korelaciisaTvis [ix. lomTaZe 2000: 259].

138


sawarmoebeli

fuZe

dadebiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

sawarmoebeli

fuZe

uaryofiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

Áol'a- ||

Áol'-

Áol'a-Áo ||

Áol'-Œ

`moxna“ Áol'-e- Áol'e-‡es àr moxna“

zuyo- zuyo-Áo ìyo“ zuy-e- zuye-‡eS || zuy-

Š-s

àr iyo“

ÁuRo- ÁuRo-ro `mokvda“ ÁuR-e- ÁuRe-‡es àr mokvda“

ÁeJe- ÁeJe-ro `waiyvana“ ÁeJ-e- ÁeJe-‡eS àr waiyvana“

ÁeRi- ÁeRi-Áo ìCxuba“ ieR-e- ieRe-‡eS àr iCxuba“

Caxi- Caxi-ro `dawera“ Cax-e- Caxe-‡eS àr dawera“

Áet¾e- iet¾e-ro `wavida“ Áet¾-e- Áet¾e-‡e àr wavida“

ÁinÃo- ÁinÃo-ro ìSova“ ÁinÃ-e- ÁinÃe-‡e àr iSova“

ÁŒ- ÁŒ-ro `gaakeTa“ ÁŒ-Á- ÁŒÁ-‡e àr gaakeTa“

TuÃi- TuÃi-ro `moesma“ TuÃ-e- TuÃe-‡1 àr moesma“

niso- niso-ro `Tqva“ nis-e- nise-‡ àr Tqva“

ÁaÃi- ÁaÃi-ro `moxda“ ÁaÃ-e- ÁaÃe-‡ àr moxda“

Áuti- Áuti-ro `dawva“ iut-e- iute-‡es || -‡eS2 àr dawva“

tut-i tuti-ro èsrola“ tut-e- tute-‡-es || -‡eS àr esrola“

gul- gul-lo `dado“ gul-e- gule-‡es || ‡eS àr dado“


zmnis fuZe dadebiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

zmnis

fuZe

uaryofiTi

formebi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

zuyu- zuyu-r ìyo“ zuyi- zuy-‹s àr iyo“

bu…o- bu…o-r `gaakeTa“ bu…i- bu…-‹s àr gaakeTa“

buhu- buhu-r `mokvda“ buhi- buh-‹s àr mokvda“

1 TuÃe‡ (àr moesma“) tipis formebi Cveulebriv cocxali metyvelebisTvis aris

niSandoblivi da ufro axalgazrda Taobis metyvelebas axasiaTebs.

2 paralelur formaTa gamoyeneba ordinaruli movlenaa.

139

betke- betke-r `Caaqro“ betki- betk-‹s àr Caaqro“

qezi-raÃu- qezi-raÃu-r `Cavarda“ qezi-raÃi- qezi-raÃ-‹s àr Cavarda“

bet¾e- bet¾e-r `wavida“ bet¾i- bet¾-‹s àr wavida“

maw–- maw–-r `dainaxa“ mawi- maw-‹s àr dainaxa“

nˆl'–- nˆl'–-r `momca“ nˆl'i- nˆl'-‹s àr momca“

buWe- buWe-r `gaWra“ buWi- quW-‹s àr gaWra“

bu…o- bu…o-r `gaakeTa“ bu…i- bu…-‹s àr gaakeTa“

g–l–- (I kl.)

g–l–-r `dadva~ g–li- g–l-‹s àr dadva~

gile- (II kl.)

gulu- (III kl.)

gile-r

gulur

`daawvina~

gili-

guli-

g–l-‹s

gili-‹s `daawvina~

butu- butu-r `daiZina“ buti- but-‹s àr mounda“

bat–- bat–-r `mounda“

`Seuyvarda“

bati- bat-‹s àr Seuyvarda“

saTanado winadadebebi dialeqtebis mixedviT: sak. beJ. muÃna, muÃna,

bol‘oro (tlad.) `vWame, vWame da gaTavda“, arad ile DÄrSo‡ zuvayoro

[bok. 1959: 103, 20] ùwin Cven kaxeTSi (arSoSi _ n. a.) viyaviT“, do aÃad qen

rŒŒŒŒllillo [lomT. 2003: 232] `me qals saWmeli gavakeTebine“, boSeroSinab

muÃuro, gammo buRoro, zaral baÃiro JamaÄaTlil [lomT. 2003: 205]

`msuqani davkaliT, gamxdari mokvda, xalxs zarali Sexvda“, do qibbal

al‘oÁowiÁo [mad. 1965: 120, 32] `me gogos Cavexute“, hugi ÷Jo ØeSe‡‡‡‡eS ìm

biWma ar Wama“...; hunz. Sugulad miRal‘ …edra nˆ̂̂̂car (nah.) `cxens kudze

vedra dakides“, rˆyyu nuÃi-xul'i zuyur (nah.) `didi sma-Wama gaimarTa

(ìyo“)“, ‡abul hundu buWadiÁa baÁbix½½½½il buor (nah.) `mamam SeSis Wra

daiwyo“, dˆ tal'er, bedo kima ruor (Rar.) `me movwvele, Semdeg yveli

gavakeTe“, ons bˆyaCos suku Øˆ̂̂̂nÃ‹‹‹‹s (nah.) `xaris momyvani kaci ver viSove“,

qaCu duniÁal mawan lo, boco met¾¾¾¾er... (nah.) `naTeli qveyana ixila, Tve

gavida...“, azdu begelat¾ hinWer, l'immo ro ɺCo ɺt¾ hinWŒɺr (andaz.) `(visac)

zafxulSi gvelisa SeeSinda, zamTarSi sablisac SeeSindeba“, dibi rat‹s,

suku ru…‰yo (andaz.) `Seni undomeli (rac ar mogewona) sxvas ar

gaukeTo“, qidballo di‡i keke nˆl'–r, keke dˆ gud‹ Wal'er [van 1995: 144]

140

`gogoebma biWoni1 momces, biWoni me qaTams davubnie“, d– zokoloderu

xonxt¾o t¾odo ‡‡‡‡et¾¾¾¾er [lomT. 2003: 332] `me sokoian xeze zed avxti“ da a. S.

9. droTa analizuri formebis warmoeba. aRweriTad nawarmoebi

formebi, rogorc cnobilia, ori zmnuri formis SeTanxmebiT

warmoiqmneba. analizur formaTa yalibebi metwilad amgvaria: mimReoba

(resp. absolutivi) + meSvelzmna. gvxvdeba iseTi modelic, romelSic

Sesityvebis orive komponenti zmnis drouli formaa (namyo uwyveteli).

meSvelzmna zuya (`yofna“), geÁ (sak. beJ.) lo, li (hunz.) (àris“)

droTa mixedviT fuZemonacvle zmnas warmoadgens2 da aRweriT formaTa

warmoebaSi farTod gamoiyeneba. misi nakvTebi sqematurad ase gamoiyureba:


meSveli zmna meSveli zmna

nakvTebi

dad. for. uary. for. dad. for. uary. for.

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

infinitivi zuy-al

(mr. zu-…a-y-al)

_ zuy-a _ `yofna“,

àrseboba“

namyo

ZiriTadi

zuyo-ro, Øzuy-

Áo, zuyŒ

zuye-‡e-s/-S,

zuye-‡e3

zuyu-r zuy-‹s ìyo“ _

àr iyo“

namyos

absolut.

zuyo-na zuye-We zuyu-n zuy-ito ìyo ra“ _

àr iyo ra“

namyo

SedegobiTi

zuyona geÁ/g�l‘i

/ gel‘ || zuyona-Á

zuyona ga-

We / g�-‡e

zuyu-nlo /

li

zuyun

go ɺW/go ɺC

ìyo“ _ àr

iyo“

winare

namyo

zuyona zuyo-ro zuyona

zuye‡e-s

zuyun zuyu-r zuyun zuy-

‹s

`yofila“ _ ar

yofila“

awmyo

zogadi

_ _ zˆR-Œ ɺ || bo ɺÃ-Œɺ zˆRo-Ás ||

bo ɺÃo-Ás

àrsebobs“ _

àr arsebobs“

1 boWoni _ moxaluli xorbali.

2 rogorc enaTa tipologia cxadyofs, meSvelzmnebs metwilad supleturi

struqtura moepovebaT (Sdr. qarT. àris“ _ ìyo“ _ ìqneba“...).

3 kilokavebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli variantebi.

141

awmyo

konkret.

geÁ, gal‘, geli g�‡�, g�-We,

g�-‡e

lo / li go ɺW, go ɺC1 àris“ _ àr

aris“

myofadi zuy-al || baÃ-al baÃa-sa-‡ zuy-‰ || zˆRŒɺ-r ||

o ɺÃŒ ɺ-r

zˆRo-Ás ||

o ɺÃo-Ás

ìqneba“,

`moxdeba“ _

àr iqneba“,

àr gaxdeba“

awmyos

mimReoba

gelca-s g�l-lo,

gaCCo

lider-u,

loder-u

goÁs-u àrsebuli“ _

àr arsebuli“

namyos

mimReoba

zuyo-ro zuye-‡e-s zuyur-u zuy‹s-u `namyofi“ _

àrnamyofi“

brZanebiTi zuy-a || zoRla! zuy‰-ya /

-‡a-ya / -‡-ya

zˆR! zuy! zuyŒ ɺ-yo ìyavi!“ _ àr

iyo!“

pirobiTi

kilo

gal‘-da, gel-da!

|| zoR-da

li-to / li-

tto, lo-to,

li-to-n

zuyur-y–/-y–d–

`Tu aris“,

`rom iyos“ _

`rom ar iyos“

pirobiT-

natvriTi

kilo

zuya-la zuyo-b ||

zˆRo-b

zuyi-t

go ɺla-b ||

zˆRi-t

go ɺla-b

`rom

yofiliyo“ _

`rom ar

yofiliyo“

10. awmyo konkretulis formebi. awmyo konkretuli orsave dialeqtSi

erTnairi yalibisaa: awmyo drois mimReoba + meSveli zmna (kap. geÁ, xaS.

gal‘i, tlad. geli, hunz. lo, li àris“). am modelis awmyo konkretuli

gamoxatavs laparakis momentSi mimdinare iseT moqmedebas, romelic,

martivi awmyo droisagan gansxvavebiT, moklebulia moyadis gagebas

[Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 328; Sdr. madieva 1965: 121; isayovi, xalilovi 2001:

272], mag.: sak. beJ. mi n‰daÁs gŒŒŒŒcas gel? `Sen saidan modixar (zedmiw.:

`momavali xar“)?“ m�t¾‰s l‘i Áonyocas geÁ (kap.) `mTidan wyali modis

(zdmiw. `momavali aris“)~, tiÁot¾as ÷J÷ yŠ‡Š‡Š‡Š‡eqcas geÁ `xididan vaJi

vardeba“...; hunz. qidbol qeW il'eCos lo [van 1995: 102, 17] `gogo mR eris

1 mZimiT gamoyofili erTeulebi kilokavTa monacemebia. amasTanave, g. madieva awmyo

drois meSvelzmnisaTvis (gei àris“...) mTliani paradigma mohyavs, magram zoR-al (1.

`mdebareoba“, àRmoCena“; 2. àrseboba“) sul sxva Ziris zmna Cans meSvelzmnis funqciiT

gamoyenebuli, Sdr. hunz. zˆR-a ("id" ) [ix. van den bergi 1995: 99].

142

(zedmiw. `simReris mTqmeli aris~)~.

`gogona simReras mReris“, o ɺbu ––––hdaCos lo [isay., xalil. 2001: 272]

`mama muSaobs (zedmiw. `momuSave aris“), hobol ant¾eCos lo ild‰ ɺ [bok.

1959: 53, 23] `stumari modis CvenTan“, dˆ badriJan nˆsˆCos lo [ard. 2009:

122, 29] `me pamidors vyidi (zedmiw. `gamyidveli var“)“ da sxv. mr.

Sesabamisi drois uaryofiT formaTa warmoebisas pirveli komponenti

(mimReoba) igive rCeba, xolo meore komponenti (meSvelzmna) uaryofiTi

formiT icvleba, mag.: �d�m ØuhuCos g��‡‡‡‡�� àdamiani ar kvdeba (`momkvdomi

ar aris“)“, abo Øonyocas gaWe (xaS.) `mama ar modis (`momavali ar aris“)“,

Äalil alti bu…oC goɺW (hunz.) àli saqmes ar keTebs“...

bunebrivia, daismis kiTxva: aRweriTi formis komponentTa Sexameba

aris iseTi myari, rom meSveli zmna moklebuli iyos sintaqsur

damoukideblobas?

Cveni azriT, aq xunZuris analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs. es cxadi xdeba

bazisur gardamaval zmnaTa mixedviT, romlebic ZiriTad kompontentad

arian gamoyenebuli [ix. Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 329-330].

11. namyo SedegobiTi. namyo SedegobiTs semantikurad namyo ZiriTads

uTanabreben [madieva 1965: 124], magram maT Soris mainc SeimCneva

gansxvaveba. kerZod, garda statikuri xasiaTisa, riTac igi namyo

ZiriTadisagan ganirCeva [lomTaZe 2000: 127], mas moepoveba TurmeobiTisa

da namyos absolutivis modaluri mniSvnelobebi. misi umTavresi funqcia

aris gadmosces saubris momentamde ganxorcielebuli sruli aspeqtis

moqmedeba. es drouli forma metwilad didi xnis win momxdari ambebis,

legendebis, zRaprebisa da moTxrobebis stilisTvis aris

damaxasiaTebeli. amiTac Cans Sepirobebuli is faqti, rom igi pirvel

pirs gamoricxavs [van den bergi 1995: 101].

namyo SedegobiTi iwarmoeba ZiriTadi zmnis namyos absolutivis

formaze damxmare zmnis awyos formis (sak. beJ. geÁ, g��l‘i, geli, hunz.

lo, li àris“) darTviT, romelic faqtobrivad afiqsis funqcias

asrulebs. metadre es iTqmis hunzibur dialeqtsa da xaSarxotul

143

kilokavze, romelSic meSvel zmnis _ bazisur zmnasTan Sexorcebis

tendencia iCens Tavs. sailustracio magaliTebi:

skuTriv beJituri

dialeqti

hunziburi

dialeqti

leqsikuri mniSvneloba

Øet¾e-na geÁ, geli1 Øet¾en-lo `wasulia“ (zedmiw. `wavida-

ra aris“)

ÁeCe-na geÁ, geli ÁeCe-n-lo `damdgaria“

koko-na geÁ, geli koko-n-lo àvadaa“

xul'o-na geÁ, geli xul'u-n-li `daleulia“

tuto-na geÁ, geli tutu-n-li `nasrolia“...

specialur literaturaSi SemCneulia arsebuli warmoebis

Tavisebureba xaSarxotul kilokavSi, rac fonetikuri transformaciiT

aris axsnili [lomTaZe 2000: 131], mag.: Áatna-q‘i (<*Áatna-gl‘i < Áatna g�l‘i)

`Seyvarebulia“, nisona-ql‘i (<*nisona-gl‘i < nisona g�l‘i) `Tqmulia“...

tladalur kilokavSi namyo SedegobiTis paraleluri formebi

gvxvdeba zuyona geli || zuyona-Á `yofila“ (paronomaxiuli gamoTqma:

zuyal zuyonaÁ ``yofniT yofila“), zuyonaÁ zuyon‰‡e ìyo da ara iyo-ra“,

Øet¾ena geli || Øet¾ena-Á `wasulia“, ÁeCena geli || ÁeCena-Á `damdgaria“,

xul'ona geli || xul'ona-Á `daleulia“ da mr. misT.

zemomoyvanili, Á-iT dasrulebuli, formebi meoreuli Cans,

fonetikuri cveTis Sedegad geli > geÁ > Á miRebuli. rac ufro metad

aris meSvelzmna Sekvecili da gamartivebuli, miT metia misi

fuZezmnasTan Sexorcebis SesaZlebloba, ris safuZvelzedac xul'onaÁ

(`daleulia“) tipis formebSi igi formantad aris gardaqmnili.

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi namyo SedegobiTis uaryofiTi formebis

warmoebisas pirveli komponenti ucvlelia, xolo meSvelzmna uaryofiTi

formiT icvleba, mag.: nil'na-‡e || nil'na g�‡e àr Tqmula“, Øent¾e-na-Á ||

Øent¾ena g�‡e àr wasula“...; hunz. nˆl'en go ɺC àr Tqmula“, bu…on go ɺW àr

1 mZimiT gamoyofili erTeulebi kilokavTa monacemebia.

144

gakeTebula“ da mr. sxv.

12. namyo uwyveteli. namyo uwyveteli iwarmoeba ZiriTadi zmnis

awmyosa da meSvelzmnis namyo ZiriTadis formaTa SexamebiT.


skuTriv beJituri

dialeqti

hunziburi dialeqti leqsikuri mniSvneloba

toto-c zuy-Áo t–t–-C zuyu-r `vWridi“

beJe-C zuyo-Áo beJe-C zuyu-r `mimqonda“

Áet¾e-C zuyo-ro Áent¾e zuyu-r `midioda“

ÁeS-Ca zuyo-ro ÁeS-Co zuyu-r `Wamdi“

mŠ-c zuyo-ro ine-C zuyu-r `vgzavnidi“

ÁuRo-c zuyo-ro Áuhu-C zuyu-r `vkvdebodi“

gî-s zuyo-Áo nî-C zuyur `movdiodi“

qerxaso qad runxelCeS zuyoro `qerxasos (patara wisqvili) xeliT

atrialebdnen“, bol'ona bŒŒŒŒc zuyoro [lomT. 2003: 205] `xnavdnen kidec

(`xvnac keTdeboda“] maTi saSualebiT“...; hunz. m– ØanwaC zuyur durl‹t¾

enxet¾ ˆnzalaCdiÁo `me gxedavdi durbindiT mdinareSi banaobisas“, d–

‡iskolal‹ ‡‡‡‡et¾¾¾¾eC zuyur [lomT. 2003: 355] `me skolaSi davdiodi“,

...b––––dabeSCo zuyur beCedabla [van 1995: 174, 9] `...cxovrobdnen mdidrebi“,

mumuRal'no xabar miÁeC zuyur... [van 1995: 177, 9] `...mogvianebiT sakvirvel

ambavs yvebodnen“ da mr. sxv.

yuradRebas iqcevs hunzibur dialeqtSi dadasturebuli ru…………ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺr

zuyur (àkeTebda“) tipis formebi, romlebic e. lomTaZes namyo uwyvetlis

kuTvnilebad miaCnia [lomTaZe 2000: 115].

Cveni SexedulebiT, am rigis formebi SeiZleboda awmyo zogadis

uwyvetlis formebad miCneuliyo, radganac isini swored zogad Sinaarss

Seicaven [Sdr. isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 273], mag.: xul'ŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-r zuyu-r `svamda

145

xolme“, beqŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ-r zuyu-r `vardeboda xolme“ da a. S.

b. sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi namyo uwyvetlis uaryofiTobas

ZiriTadi zmnis uaryofiTi forma gamoxatavs, meSvelzmna ki ucvlelia,

mag.: Áuta‡as zuyoÁo àr wveboda“, iyela‡as zuyoÁo àr swavlobda“, riy‰

zuryoro àr icoda“, regaha‡ zuyoro `ver vxedavdi“...

hunzibur dialeqtSi sapirispiro viTareba gvaqvs – ZiriTadi zmna

dadebiTi formiT gvxvdeba, meSvelzmna ki – uaryofiTi formiT, mag.:

ÃodaC zuy‹s àr swavlobda“, nedCo zuy‹s àr gaismoda“, To ɺw–C zuy‹s

`ver vuyurebdi“ da misT.

13. winare namyo. winare namyo, rogorc cnobilia, gamoxatavs iseT

moqmedebas an mdgomareobas, romelic win uswrebda aoristsa da namyo

SdegobiTs [lomTaZe 2000: 135]. igi nawarmoebia bazisuri zmnis namyo

absolutivze meSvelzmnis (zuy-al `yofna“) namyo ZiriTadis formis

darTviT, mag.: sak. beJ. miÃo-na zuyo-ro `napovni hyavda“ (zedmiw. ìpovnara

iyo“), ko…ako-na zu…ayo-ro àvad iyvnen“, hinl‘xo-na zuyo-ro

`darCeniliyo“, tut-na zuyo-Áo èsrola“...; hunz. roxo-n zuyu-r `nayidi

gaqvs“, Øit¾e-n zuyu-r `wasuli var“, hehe-n zuyu-r `nacemi hyavs“ da mr. sxv.

amave drois uaryofiTi formebis warmoebisas meSveli zmna

uaryofiTi formiT (sak. beJ. zuye-‡e, hunz. zuy-‹s àr iyo“) icvleba, mag.:

Øat¾el-na zuye-‡e àr scema“, ieCe-na zuyu-‡e-s àr gaCerda“, Cetle-na zuye-

‡e-s àr wavida“...; hunz. tut-na zuy-‹s àr esrola“, bit¾e-n zuy-‹s `ver

mokla“, zˆR–-n zuy-‹s `ver ipova“, `ver iSova“ da a. S.

14. namyo gangrZobiTi. helma van den bergi hunzibur dialeqtSi

(miseuli kvalifikaciiT _ enaSi) gamoyofs namyo gangrZobiTs, romelic

iwarmoeba ZiriTadi zmnis namyo drois mimReobaze meSvelzmnis (lo, li

àris“) darTviT [van den bergi 1995: 102], mag.: roxor-u li `nayidia“,

il'er-u lo `naTqvamia“, iuhur-u li `mkvdaria“, biyer-u lo `Seswavlilia“

da misT.

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi zemowarmoedgenil formaTa

146

ekvivalentad dasturdeba ØeCe-ro-Á (`damdgaria“) tipis formebi. amgvari

formebi nawarmoebi Cans aRweriTad _ ZiriTadi zmnis aoristisa da

meSvelzmnis (geÁ, g��l‘i, geli àris“) Serwymis safuZvelze,1 mag.: xul'o-

ro-Á (< xul'o-ro geli) `daleulia“, rati-ro-Á (< rati-ro geli)

`mondomebulia“, rixalol‘i-ro-Á (< rixalol‘i-ro geli)

`gagrZelebulia“, buti-ro-Á (< huti-ro geli) `daZinebulia“ da sxv.

15. namyo ZiriTadis TurmeobiTi. namyo ZiriTadis TurmeobiTi

iwarmoeba ZiriTadi zmnis absolutivisa da meSvelzmnis namyo

SedegobiTis formaTa SexamebiT. sailustracio magaliTebi:

skuTriv beJituri

dialeqti


but-na zuyo-na geÁ (kap.) butu-n zuyu-n-lo `dawolila Turme“

Áet¾e-na zuyo-na-Á

(tlad.)

Áent¾e-n zuyu-n-li `wasula Turme“

ØeCe-na zuyo-na-ql‘i

(xaS.)

ØeCe-n zuyu-n-lo `damdgara Turme“

Cax-na zuyo-na-Á (tlad.) Canxe-n zuyu-n-li `dauweria Turme“

amgvari TurmeobiTis uaryofiTi formebis warmoebisas meSvelzmnis

meore komponenti (sak. beJ. geÁ, -Á < geli, ql‘i < g��l‘i; hunz. lo, li

àris“), romelic agreTve damxmare zmnaa da metwilad gardaqmnilia

sfiqsad, uaryofiTi formiT gamoiyeneba, mag.: butna zuyona g�‡� àr

dauZinia Turme“, Canxen zuyun go ɺC àr dauweria Turme“, bu…on zuy‹s li

àr gaukeTebia Turme“ da misT.

16. namyo uwyvetlis TurmeobiTi. namyo uwyvetlis TurmeobiTi orsave

dialeqtSi nawarmoebia ZiriTadi zmnis awmyosa da meSvelzmnis namyo

1 Sdr. namyo SedegobiTis analogiuri warmoeba: zuyo-na-Á (< zuyo-na geli)

`namyofia“...

147

SedegobiTis formaTa kombinirebiT. sqematurad:

skuTriv beJituri

dialeqti


beCe-C zuyo-na geÁ (kap.) beCe-C zuyu-n-lo `dgeboda Turme“

Áet¾e-S zuyo-na g�l‘i

(xaS.)

Áet¾e-C zuyu-n-lo `midiodi Turme“

bŒ-s zuyo-na geÁ (kap.) bu…o-C zuyu-n-lo àkeTebdi Turme“

Øek-ca zuyo-na geÁ (kap.) angiSlab-Co zuyu-n-lo àmbobdi Turme“

gî-c zuyo-na geli

(tlad.)

nî-C zuyu-n-lo `modiodi Turme“

namyo uwyvetlis TurmeobiTis uaryofiTi formebi, namyo ZiriTadis

TurmeobiTis analogiurad, iwarmoeba bazisuri zmnisa da namyo

SedegobiTis uaryofiTi formis kompoziciiT, mag.: sak. beJ. Cax-Ca zuyo-na

g�‡� àr werda Turme“, b‘C-Ca zuyo-na g�‡e àr Wrida Turme“, ruÃ-Ca zuyo-

na g�We àr Wamda Turme“...; hunz. xul'-Co zuyu-n go ɺW àr svamda Turme“,

rokal-Co zuyu-n go ɺC àr agrovebda Turme“, b–l'o-C zuyu-n go ɺC àr xnavda

Turme“ da a. S.

ramdenime winadadeba teqstebidan: Øent¾¾¾¾eC zuyona geÁ huli marat¾

`midioda Turme igi mTaSi“, ‡ol‘u sukus ‡ogu ‡urRel rokt¾os bolCo

zuyunlo [lomT. 2000: 162] ìm kacs is dardi gulidan ecleboda Turme“,

sahla maÁdanlii anyen raaT bu…………oC zuyun lo [van 1995: 158, 7] èrT

adgilas moedanze movida ra isvenebda Turme“ da mr. sxv.

17. kilos kategoria

beJitur enaSi gairCeva kilos xuTi saxeoba: a) TxrobiTi, b)

brZanebiTi, g) pirobiTi, d) kavSirebiTi, e) natvriTi.

TxrobiTi kilo, rogorc universaluri forma, yvela enaSi

dasturdeba. TxrobiT kilos sakuTari afiqsi ar aqvs. zemoganxiluli

drouli formebi TxrobiTi kilos kuTvnilebas Seadgenen, amitom am

148

saxeobaze aRar SevCedebiT. rac Seexeba danarCen kiloebs, isini met-

naklebi sixSiriT arian warmodgenili Cven xelT arsebul teqstebSi.

18. brZanebiTi kilo. beJituri enis orsave dialeqtSi brZanebiT

kilos rogorc warTqmiT (dadebiT), ise ukuTqmiT (uaryofiT) formebs

sakuTari formantebi moepoveba. kerZod, meore piri warTqmiTi brZanebiTi

iwarmoeba sada an modificirebuli zmnuri fuZisagan -a / -Ø (sak. beJ.), -o

/ -Ø (hunz.) sufiqsebiT, xolo ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTi ki _ -a sufiqsiT

dasrulebuli II piris brZanebiTis dadebiTi formisagan -a‡‡‡‡-ya / -ya (sak.

beJ.), -yo / -yat (hunz. sufiqsebiT. sailustracio magaliTebi:


fuZe warTqm. for. ukuTqm. for.

ÁeCe- ÁeC-a! `gaCerdi!“ ÁeCe-‡a-ya! àr gaCerde!“

tut- tut-a! èsrole!“ tuta-‡aya! àr esrolo!“

il'- il'-a! ìmRere!“ il'a-‡aya àr imRero!“

nil'- nil'-a! `momeci!“ nil'a-‡aya! àr momece!“

gul- gul-a! `dade!“ gul‰-ya! àr dado!“

zuk- zuk-a! `ceme!“ zuk‰-ya àr cemo!“

Áent¾e- Áent¾-a! `wadi!“ Áent¾‰-ya! àr waxvide!“

Áa- Áa-a! ìtire!“ Á‰-ya! àr itiro!“

Á�t¾el- Á�t¾el-a! `ceme!“ Á�t¾el‰-ya! àr cemo!“

teq huni gul‰-ya, hugidai gula! `wigns aq nu dadeb, iq dadevi!“

tikaban gula ‡istol' l'iro! [lomT., 2003: 157] `skivri dadevi magidis

qveS!“ iÁo, qiz TuSol‰-ya [mad. 1965: 127] `deda nabadi ar SeRebo!“, iÁo,

yere ÁeCe! `deda, dajeqi!“ da mr. sxv.

149

hunziburi dialeqti

fuZe warTqm. for. ukuTqm. for.

Øit¾e- Øit¾-o! `mokali!“ Øit¾Œɺ -yo! àr mokla!“

TŒ ɺwe- / TŒɺw–- TŒ ɺwe! ùyure!“ To ɺwŒ ɺ-yo! àr uyuro!“

hehe- heh-o! `ceme!“ hehŒɺ-yo! àr cemo!“

Áox- Áox-o! ìyide!“ ÁoxŒɺ-yo àr iyido!“

buW- buW-o! `gaWeri!“ buWŒ ɺ-yo! àr gaWra!“

gul- gul-o! `dade!“ gulŒɺ-yo! àr dado!“

m– ÃoÃlag Toɺwit, dugo TŒɺw–!“ l'e nˆs–n li [van 1995: 153] `Sen

kvercxs nu uyureb, Sen Tavs uyure! _ mas uTqvams“, nu, Äadamla! `modiT,

xalxno!“ Áa, beterhanallah, dido aÃal rot¾i bu…or _ l'e nˆs–n `hoi,

mbrZanebelo RmerTo, Cem cols siyvaruli STaunerge! _ uTqvams“, ag y–ra

ro ɺÃCor giSo beCe! [van 1995: 253] `vidre bavSvi daibadeba, gareT gaCerdiT!“

pirveli piris brZanebiTis nakvTi ar mogvepoveba, radganac I piri

Tavad ar gvevlineba neba-survilis uSualo Semsruleblad. maSin,

rodesac moubarTan erTad sxvebic imyofebian, e. w. mowodebiTi formis

gamosaxatavad myofadis (resp. awmyos) forma gamoiyeneba: sak. beJ. gŒda,

met¾¾¾¾al yaraliÁa‡a `Tu moxval, yvarelSi wavideT“; hunz. n–, rox‰ `modi,

viyidoT!“

III piris brZanebiTi, romlis saSualebiTac beJitur enaSi II

kavSirebiTis semantika gadmoicema,1 nawarmoebia brZanebiTis II piris

formaTagan -la (sak. beJ.), -b (hunz.) sufiqsebiT, mag.: sak. beJ. Øuta-la

`daiZinos!“, nisa-la `Tqvas!“, Áeqa-la `waiqces!“, Caxa-la `daweros!“...; hunz.

boxo-b ìyidos!“, àiRos!“, Áato-b `Seiyvaros!“, ru…o-b `gaakeTos!“, zˆRo-b

ìyos!“ da mr. sxv.

1 Sdr. xunZ. yoteÁab `gaWras“... [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 294]. hunz. il'o-b (`Tqvas“)

formis sufiqsi -b, SesaZloa, xunZuris analogiurad, odindel klasifikators

daukavSirdes.

150

uaryofiTi (ukuTqmiTi) formebi sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi

iwarmoeba II piris uaryofiTi formisagan -la, an III piris brZanebiTis

dadebiT formaze -‡‡‡‡ sufiqsis darTviT, xolo hunzibur dialeqtSi

aRweriTad _ ZiriTadi zmnis namyos absolutivis uaryofiT formaze

galob || goɺlab (ìyos!“) formis mimatebiT [Sdr. lomTaZe 2000: 267].

oriode winadadeba teqstebidan: sak. beJ. alahli nisalla, …………odo

royala! `RmerTma Tqvas, wvima movides!“ hoqco ro…………ala bil'r! `man saxli

gaakeTos!“ hunz. moRu saRl‘inno nul'ob, bˆxˆl Äurmulis ÁaÃob! `dae,

janmrTeloba misces, grZeli sicocxle hqondes!“ `...m– inCoxob Wagu, d–

uhob nˆs–n `Sen dagarCinos cocxali, me momklas! _ uTqvams~ da a. S.

19. pirobiTi kilo. beJiturSi pirobiTi kilo iseve, rogorc

alomonaTesave enebSi, or qvesaxeobad iyofa: a) realuri pirobiTi da b)

irealuri pirobiTi.

a) realuri pirobiTi kilo, romelic namdvili pirobis SesrulebiT

Sepirobebul moqmedebas gamoxatavs, iwarmoeba zmnis saTanado fuZisagan

-da (sak. beJ.), -do (>/-to)/-d (hunz.) ekvivalenturi sufiqsiT, mag.: sak. beJ.

zoR-da `Tu aris“, gil-da `Tu dadebs“, gŒ-da || goh-da `Tu moxval“,

milaze-da `Tu gaiyina“, nuqo-da `Tu moSivdeba“...; hunz. hehe-do `Tu scema“,

Ãod‰-d `Tu iswavli“, Áanye-d `Tu mova“, gˆx–Co-d `Tu Caicvam“, li-to `Tu

aris“, bat-to (<bat-do) `Tu unda“ da misT.

uaryofiTi formebi nawarmoebia awmyos uaryofiTi formisagan (sak.

beJ.) an namyo ZiriTadis uaryofiTi fuZiagan (hunz.) pirobiTi kilos

saTanado sufiqsebis darTviT, mag.: sak. beJ. Øesa‡-da `Tu ar vWame“,

bat¾el‰-da `Tu ar ceme“, raxa‡a-da `Tu ar iqneba“, ØoxoÁla‡a-da `Tu ver

davakave“...; hunz. heh‹-do `Tu ar sceme“, Øit¾‹-d `Tu ar mokali“, rox‹-d

`Tu ar iyidi“ da a. S.

ramdenime winadadeba: sak. beJ. Sugo bo‡‡‡‡da, dibo ÄaÁb baÃca `Tu cxeni

daikargeba, Seni brali iqneba“, hodo …o bo‡‡‡‡a‡‡‡‡da hol'o‡os, bit¾eC `Tu es

ZaRli ar mocildeba aqedan, movklav“...; hunz. dibi d– Øanwado, ØinyoÁs

`Tu Sen me mnaxav, ver micnob“ da sxv. mr.

151

b) irealuri pirobiTi kilo. kilos es qvesaxeoba gamoxatavs iseT

moqmedebas, romlis Sesrulebac igulisxmeboda, magram, saTanado

pirobebis uqonlobis gamo, ganuxorcielebeli darCa. am mniSvnelobiT

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi dasturdeba awmyo ZiriTadis formaze -yod‰‰‰‰

sufiqsis darTviT nawarmoebi formebi, mag.: ÁeJeS-yod‰ `rom waviyvano“,

xul'os-yod‰ `rom davlio“...

hunzibur dialeqtSi zemocitirebul formaTa fardad dasturdeba

analogiuri warmoebisa da semantikis Semdegi formebi: roxCo-y–d– `rom

viyido“ _ rox‹s-y–d– `rom ar viyido“, bit¾eC-y–d– `rom movkla“ _ bit¾‹s-

y–d– `rom ar movkla“...

zemomoyvanil formebTan erTad SeimCneva namyo ZiriTadisagan -y––––d––––/-y––––

sufiqsiT gaformebuli magaliTebi, romelTac II TurmeobiTis funqcia

aqvs, mag.: zuyur-y–d– `rom vyofiliyavi“, biyer-y–d– `rom mcodnoda“:

ÄoloÃan zuyury––––, bˆ‡i ØeCoÁs zuyur àxalgazrda rom vyofiliyavi, aq

aRar gavCerdebodi“, miJe mayeCos biyery––––, d– Øent¾oÁs zuyur `Tqveni

mosvla rom mcodnoda, me ar wavdidodi“...

unda aRiniSnos, rom realuri pirobiTi kilosagan -na (sak beJ.), -n

(hunz.) nawilakis darTviT iwarmoeba daTmobiTi Sinaarsis Semcveli

formebi, mag.: sak. beJ. bowda-na `romc gaZRes“, rohoda-na `romc iSromos“,

xul'oda-na `Tu gind dalios“...; hunz. bit¾edo-n `romc moklas“, bo ɺÃdo-n

`romc moxdes“, lito-n `romc iyos“, nexedo-n `Tu gind Seaxe“ da mr. sxv.

20. natvriTi kilo. natvriTi (resp. pirobiTi-natvriT) kilos formebad

e. lomTaZe orsave dialeqtSi, xolo i. isayovi da m. xalilovi hunzibur

dialeqtSi III piris brZanebiTis formebs miiCneven [lomTaZe 2000: 143;

isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 274].

amTaviTve unda SevniSnoT, rom brZanebiTis III piris formebi iseve,

rogorc xunZurSi [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 294], kavSirebiTis gadmosacemad

gamoiyenebian [ix. 6.7.2].

Cveni dakvirvebiT, sakuTriv beJitur daleqtSi natvriTi kilos

formebad unda miviCnioT Caxa-yos (`mewereba“, `wera minda“) tipis formebi

[xalilovi 1995: 405], mag.: xul'a-yos `sma minda“, Áuta-yos `meZineba“, nuqo-

152

yos `mSia“ da misT.

rac Seexeba hunzibur dialeqts, zemomomyvanil formebis

ekvivalenturi odenobani ar SeimCneva da amitomac natvriT kilos

formebad III piris brZanebiTi miaCniaT [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 274].

21. awmyos absolutivi. mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi TavCenili

absolutivis kategoria, rogorc garkveulia, ZiriTadad winadadebis

wevrTa an Tavad winadadebaTa erTmaneTTan dasakavSireblad aris

warmoqmnili. afsolutivis funqcia e. lomTaZis dakvirvebiT: `…Serwymul

winadadebaSi damakavSirebelia Semasmenluri erTgvari wevrebisa... xolo

rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi _ maTSi Semavali winadadebebisa“

[lomTaZe 2000: 183].

namyo absolutivi iwarmoeba awmyo ZiriTadis sruli formisagan

-la‡‡‡‡(a) (sak. beJ.), -diÁŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ (hunz.), -dŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ (Rar.) sufiqsebis darTviT, mag.: sak.

beJ. totac-la‡a èsvris ra“, `srolisas“, Áesca-la‡ `Wams ra“, `Wamisas“,

zukca-la‡ `yofnisas“, Áet¾ec-la‡ `midis ra“, nil'ca-la‡...; hunz. Áu…oC-

diÁŒɺ àkeTebs ra“, roxCo-diÁŒɺ `yidulobs ra“, rit¾eC-diÁŒɺ `klavs ra“,

heheC-diÁŒɺ `scems ra“, nˆsCo-diÁŒɺ àmbobs ra“ da mr. sxv.

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi awmyos absolutivis uaryofiTi

formebi nawarmoebia uaryofiT awmyo ZiriTadis xmovanmokvecili

fuZisagan imave -la‡‡‡‡(a) sufiqsis saSualebiT, mag.: baÃ-a‡a-s àr xdeba“ _

baÃa‡-ca-la‡ àr xdeba ra“, tut-a‡a àr esvris“ _ tuta‡-ca-la‡ àr esvris

ra“, nil'-a‡a-s àr aZlevs“ _ nil'a‡-ca-la‡ àr aZlevs ra“ da misT.

rac Seexeba hunzibur dialeqts, awmyos absolutivis uaryofiTi

formebi iwarmoeba uaryofiTi awmyo ZiriTadisagan -Co sufiqsis darTviT,

mag.: naw-at `ver vxedav“ _ nanat-Co `ver vxedav ra“, rox-at àr yidulobs“

_ roxat-Co àr yidulobs ra“ da misT.

sainteresoa, rom nahadur kilokavSi SeimCneva uaryofiTi namyo

ZiriTadis fuZisagan -lt¾¾¾¾o sufiqsiT nawarmoebi formebi, mag.: Áit¾‹-lt¾o

`klavs ra“, heh‹-lt¾o `cems ra“, banw‹-lt¾o `xedavs ra“ da a. S.

153

22. namyo absolutivi. namyos absolutivi iwarmoeba -na (sak. beJ.), -n

(hunz.) sufiqsiT, romelic sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi awmyo ZiriTadis

fuZes daerTvis [lomTaZe 2000: 177; Sdr. xalilovi 1995: 405], xolo

hunzibur dialeqtSi _ namyo ZiriTadis fuZes [lomTaZe 2000: 180, Sdr.

isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 276]. sailustracio magaliTebi: sak. beJ. tutio-na

uŒ hugi [lomT. 2003: 141] èsroles ra, mokvda igi“, huqumaTlis xaly

moyanna moyo-na1... `mTavrobis xalxi mosvliT movida ra“...; hunz. net¾¾¾¾en li

reSenno lˆ̂̂̂n…………ayenno, –g ent¾¾¾¾en lo ho ɺbud zukl‰ endu ho ɺbut¾os [van 1995:

168,8] `wavidnen, SeWames da gaaTaves ra, is mewisqvile wisqvilis xvimirSi

Sig SeZvra“, b–la-b–l‰ Ju-Jusa Jo riyeken ruhun boÃŒr [lomT. 2000: 181,

29] `sxvadasxva rame iswavles-ra, eCvevian“...

namyos absolutivi marcTu iSviaTad I TurmeobiTis funqciasac

iTavsebs da gamoxatavs warsulSi momxdar unaxav moqmedebas, mag.: ogu

kiSodno niSen karl'en guhlan lo beCen ìgi dRe da Rame daZrwoda

Turme, qurdobda da arsebobda Turme“, xiSat¾ anyen haldu Sugu-s–rÁot¾

t¾oyeru suku [van 1995: 163, 5] `diliT mosula TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli

kaci“ da misT.

namyos absolutivis uaryofiTi formebi iwarmoeba uaryofiTi namyo

ZiriTadis fuZisagan -We/-we (kap., xaS., tlad.), -‡‡‡‡e, -We-‡‡‡‡ (tlad.), -t (hunz.)

sufiqsebis saSualebiT [dawvr. ix. lomTaZe 2000: 268-274; van den bergi

1995: 90-91].

1 am SemTxvevaSi namyos absolutivis forma paronomaziis sawarmoebel komponentad

gamoiyeneba.

154

udetrebi

zogadi. ùdeteri~-s (zmnisarTi, Tandebuli, kavSiri, nawilaki,

Sorisdebuli) (ùdetrebi~) Semotana da gramatikul terminad damkvidreba

dakavSirebulia ak. SaniZis saxelTan [ix. SaniZe 1980: 587]. marTalia, igi

ucxo enis (berZ. ουδετερος àrc erTi maTgani~) monacemia, magram srulad

gamoxatavs amgvar gramatikul odenobaTa arss da marjvea maTi zogadi

funqciuri mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad.

ùdeteri~ iseTi gramatikuli monacemia, romelic ZiriTad

metyvelebis nawilTa dakonkreteba-determinacias axdens da enas met

informaciulobasa da moqnilobas aniWebs. marTalia, udetrebis

struqtura da semantika xSirad srulad CamonakvTul-Camoyalibebuli ar

aris, magram TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saxe da mkveTrad gamoxatuli

funqciur-semantikuri veli aqvs. kerZod, beJitur enaSi am TvalsazrisiT

TvalSisacemi Taviseburebani ar gvxvdeba, Tumca mainc SeiniSneba, erTi

mxriv, zedsarTavisa (arsebiTi saxelis atributi) da zmnisarTis (zmnis

atributi) erTgvari sinkretizmi, meore mxriv, zmnizedis, nacvalsaxelisa

da Tandebulis formaTa xSiri Tanxvdena. es garemoeba migvaniSnebs, rom

sakvlev enaSi am odenobaTa Camoyalibebis procesi grZeldeba.

155

zmnisarTi

zmnisarTi struqturis mixedviT. beJitur enaSi struqturis mixedviT

zmnisarTi iyofa or ZiriTad jgufad: 1) martivi, 2) rTuli.

1) Tavisi agebulebiT martivi Cans qvemoT moyvanili zmnisarTebi: caT

`cudad~, ket `kargad~. es zmnisarTebi Sesabamisi maatributivebeli

formantis darTviT zedsarTav saxelebad qceulan: ket-o `kargi~, `cac-

co (< caT-so) `cudi~, hunz. dialeqtSi co ɺɺ ɺɺd `cudad~ _ co ɺɺ ɺɺs-s–––– (< co ɺɺ ɺɺd-s––––)1

`cudi~ (Sdr. xunZ. l‘´́́́ik `kargad~ _ l‘´́́́ik-a………… `kargi~...). am tipis warmoeba

metad produqtiuli unda yofiliyo istoriulad, magram amJamad igi

dabnelebulia sxvadasxvagvari morfonologiuri procesebis gamo.

simartiviT xasiaTdebian adgilisa da drois zmnisarTebic: sak. beJ.

l'iÁo `qveS~, wixo `Sors~, Je àxla~, hica àxlos~, niSe `RamiT~, sŒŒŒŒ¹¹¹¹

ìrgvliv~, aT‰‰‰‰ ìq~, ��Ád `winaT~, `Zvelad~ beTa `Semdeg~...; hunz. s––––ro

(Rarb. s––––ru) ìrgvliv~, i¹¹¹¹Co àxlo~, ––––gi ìq~ da misT.

martivi Sedgeniloba moepovebaT zog kiTxvis, viTarebisa da zoma-

wona-odenobis qvemomoyvanil zmnisarTebsac: zaT `bevri~, n‰‰‰‰? `sad?~, Ãex

(< xunZ.) ùceb~, axo `kargad~, bel‘e `sworad~, ˆ̂̂̂w `kvlav~, da misT.

miuxedavad zemoxsenebuli magaliTebisa, zmnisarTTa meti wili

nawarmoebia sxvadasxvagvarad sxva metyvelbis nawilebisagan da zogjer

ki sakuTriv zmnizedebisagan.

2) rTuli zmnisarTebi nawarmoebia: a) arsebiTi saxelisgan, romlebic

xSirad lokatiur brunvis formebad warmoadgenen: bog `locvisa da

sadilis dro~ _ bog-la-l‘ `RamiT~ (xedmiw. `Rameze~), bog-la-‡‡‡‡

`droulad~ (zedmiw. `droSi~), qiq `mtveri~ _ qiqq-o `msubuqi~ _ qiqo-t¾¾¾¾a

`msubuqad~ (xedmiw. `msubuqze~ < `mtverze~), mex `dro~, `sezoni~ _ mex-mex-

la-‡‡‡‡ `xandaxan~ (zedmiw. `dro-droSi~), Seblo (Sdr. Sebo `RviZli~)

`nekni~, `gerdi~ _ Sebla-‡‡‡‡ `gverdiT~ (zedmiw. `gverdSi~).

1 xom ar aris co ɺɺ ɺɺd (hunz.), caT (sak. beJ.) qarTulidan nasesxebi fuZe, Sdr. cud-?

156

b) ricxviTi saxelisagan: sid èrTi~ _ sid-d‰‰‰‰ èrT adgilas~, l‘ana

`sami~_ l‘an-i-na `samobiT~, l‘ina `xuTi~ _ l‘in-i-na `xuTobiT~, awona

àTi~ _ awon-i-na àTobiT~, àTni erTad~...

g) zmnisarTisagan: axo `kargad~, `Zlier~ _ axxo (< ax-axo) `Zalian~,

`metismetad~, Je àxla~ _ Je-n `kidev~ (zedmiw. àxlac~), beTa `Semdeg~ _

beTa-Ra ìm mxares~, ìm mimarTulebiT~ _ beTa-na `kidev~, `kvlav~ _ beTa-

la-l‘ `Semdeg~ (zedmiw. `Semdegze~), Je àxla~ _ ha¹¹¹¹Je àxla~ (zedmiw. àba,

axla~), hex ùceb~ _ hex-mex `male~, `swrafad~ (zedmiw. ùceb_dro~), hu¹¹¹¹l‘

`guSin~ _ hu¹¹¹¹l‘-a-l‘ `guSinwin~ (zedmiw. `guSinze~), gizila `momaval

wels~ _ gizila-la-l‘ òri wlis Semdeg~ - gizilal‰‰‰‰l‘ `sami-oTxi wlis

Semdeg~, Á÷÷÷÷t¾¾¾¾t¾¾¾¾a `cota~ _ Á““““t¾¾¾¾�� `Zalian cota~, xiSo `xval~ _ xiSa-t¾¾¾¾

`diliT~ (zedmiw. `xvaleze~), niSe `Rame~ _ niSToqa `SeRameba~ _ niSToqo-l‘

`mimwuxrze~, i¹¹¹¹Co àxlo~ _ i¹¹¹¹Se-arto àxlaxan~ (zedmiw. àxlo-win~ da mr. sxv.

SeiniSneba zmnisarTTa kompoziciuri warmoebac: sak. beJ. …………ana-bil'o‡‡‡‡

`yvelgan~ (zedmiw. `tye-saxlSi~), hica-TiRa àxlos~ (zedmiw. àxlos -

mWidrod~), gic-mic‰‰‰‰‡‡‡‡ àdgil-adgil~, ‹‹‹‹-‹‹‹‹na (<*itin-itina) `co-cota~, qeS-qeS

`muqTad~, `fuWad~ (zedmiw. `saxe-saxe~), Tit¾¾¾¾a-nit¾¾¾¾a `yvelgan~ (zedmiw. ìm

mxares _ ?)...; hunz. s––––ro-s––––ro ìrgvliv~ (zedmiw. ìrgvliv-irgvliv~),

riSo-diSo ìqiT-aqeT~, miC-miC‰‰‰‰ àdgil-adgil~ (zedmiw. àdgil-adgilSi~)

da mr. sxv.

beJitur enaSi dasturdeba xunZurisagan nasesxebi zmnizedebi,

romlebic met-naklebad adaptirebulia, mag.: hex (< xunZ. x ´́́́ex´́́́ "id".) ùmal~,

`swrafad~, d��h (< xunZ. dah "id".) `cota~, bog-la-l‘ (< xunZ. bogoda

`saRamos~) `RamiT~, tokab (< xunZ.) `kidev~, urRungo (< xunZ.) `ganzrax~,

xasgu (< xunZ. xas´́́́go "id".) `gansakuTrebiT~, way (< xunZ.) `Zalian~, Cangu (<

xunZ. Cango `ramdenimejer~) `xSirad~, bata-sa (< xunZ. bata `calke~)

`sxvanairad~ da sxv. misT.

Sinaarsis mixedviT, zmnisarTi iyofa: 1) adgilis, 2) viTarebis, 3)

drois, 4) kiTxvis, 5) zoma-wonisa da odenobis, 6) miznisa da mizezis

zmnisarTebad.

157

1) adgilis zmnisarTi. adgilis zmnisarTi migviTiTebs arsebuli

sagnis sivrcobriv adgilmdebareobasa da mimarTulebas.

a) adgilmdebareobis gamomxatveli zmnisarTebi (kiTxva: n‰‰‰‰ || n‰‰‰‰d?

`sad?~): hol'o‡‡‡‡ àq~, àqeT~,2 huli‡‡‡‡ (Sdr. huli ès~) ìq~, m��‡‡‡‡��r‘‘‘‘Ã `mTaSi~,

hica àxlo~, aT‰‰‰‰ / cixo `Sors~, gil' `qveviT~, `dabla~, ho‡‡‡‡ot¾¾¾¾a `maRla~,

sidd‰‰‰‰ àdgilas~, edo `SigniT~, Sebla‡‡‡‡ `gverdiT~ da misT.

b) zmnizediT aRniSnuli mimarTuleba SeiZleba iyos sami saxisa:

a) saaqeTo, b) saiqeTo da g) saurTierTo. aRniSnaven [imnaiSvili 1963: 242]

gansxvavebul mesame mimarTulebsac (|| pirTan axlomyofi), romelic

beJitur enaSi kvlevis am etapze ar SeiniSneba.

a) saaqeTo mimarTulebis zmnisarTebia: hicad‰‰‰‰ `Zalian axlos~, ‡‡‡‡��Ád’’’’S

`winidan~, m‘‘‘‘R��TT’’’’ ùkan~, ùknidan~ (hunz. muRal' "id" ), n‰‰‰‰t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰di

`saidanRac~, sŒŒŒŒ¹¹¹¹l-sŒŒŒŒ¹¹¹¹ ìrgvliv~, t¾¾¾¾od‰‰‰‰s `zemodan~...; hunz. dit¾¾¾¾o àm

mxares~, l' ˆ̂̂̂r––––t¾¾¾¾ `qvevidan~, ––––g‹‹‹‹s ìqidan~, niÁos? `saidan?~...

b) saiqeTo orientacias gamoxataven: Til' ìm mxares~, ��Ád’’’’ `win~,

`winisken~, `winaT~, Áa¹¹¹¹yoTuwo `pirdapir~, l'iÁod‰‰‰‰ (hunz. yere "id".)

`qveviT~, `qveviTken~...; hunz. niÁo? `saiTken?~, ––––gido ìqiT~, ‡‡‡‡egidot¾¾¾¾do ìm

mxares~ da misT.

g) saurTierTo (neitraluri) orientaciis semantikas Seicaven: dena-

beTa || n‰‰‰‰nazu `yvelgan~, n‰‰‰‰na àrsad~, mic-mic‰‰‰‰‡‡‡‡ àdgil-adgil~, nad‰‰‰‰di-

sudi `sadRac~, n‰‰‰‰t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰nazu `yovelgan~, TiRa-niRa àqeT-iqiT~, Tit¾¾¾¾a-nit¾¾¾¾a

`mimo~...; hunz. riSo-diSo àqeT-iqiT~, niÁolito `sadRac~ da a. S.

adgilis zmnisarTTa erTi nawili lokatiur brunvebs mosdevs da

damatebiT akonkretebs sagnis sivrcobriv adgilmdebareobas, mag.: x÷xt¾�

t¾odo x�W÷ geÁ `xeze (zedmiw. `xeze zed~, Sdr. xunZ. ganWi-da tad "id" )

mercxali zis (àris~)~.

2 myofobasa da mimarTulebas beJituri ena ar ganarCevs, Sdr.: rus. Дома `Sin~ _

Домой `Sinisken~. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, hol'o‡ (àq~, àqeT~) semantikis zmnizedebi

gamoxataven myofobasac da mimarTulebasac.

158

2) viTarebis zmnisarTi (kiTxva: niRad `rogor?~). dasturdeba

rogorc sakuTriv beJituri, ise xunZurisgan nasesxebi viTarebis

zmnisarTebi. sakuTriv bkeJituri zmnisarTebia: axo `kargad~, `Zlierad~,

badala‡‡‡‡ `nacvlad~, gil‘ || ÁiRa `Rrmad~, Áial'a `swrafad~, h��te `nela~,

ho¹¹¹¹sco `martod~, d‹‹‹‹s `bevrad~, `xSirad~, hat¾¾¾¾a `qveiTad~, Teli ùxvad~,

`xSirad~, tenna ùfasod~, Áakt¾¾¾¾a `zepirad~, caT `cudad~, niRadi `cudad~,

arakeTilgonivrulad~, oCit¾¾¾¾a `frTxilad~, `wynarad~, ÁuRo-ÁaÃna

`survilisamebr~...; hunz. kot `kargad~, co ɺɺ ɺɺd `cudad~, ˆ̂̂̂wuxen `xelaxla~, Ãu¹¹¹¹s

`viwrod~, rˆ̂̂̂l¾¾¾¾–––– || Sula `mtkiced~, ‡‡‡‡adada `fuWad~, bel‘e `sworad~ da sxv.

xunZurisagan SeTvisebuli zmnisarTebi: m��‡‡‡‡��r‘‘‘‘Ã `mTaSi~, meysa (< xunZ.

meys ´́́́a "id".) `mcdarad~, zaÁifsa (< xunZ. za‡‡‡‡if "id".) `sustad~, xexsa (< xunZ.

xex-go "id".) `swrafad~, ÃaWgo `Seubraleblad~, bal‘go `farulad~,

saidumlod~ da misT.

3) drois zmnisarTebia (kiTxva: nitod? `rodis?~): xisa (hunz. xiSo)

`xval~, JeÁsa `dRes~, Je || ha¹¹¹¹Je || Jeq‰‰‰‰l‘o àxla~, hexd‰‰‰‰la àxlaxan~, Teq-

Tuq || ho¹¹¹¹sola‡‡‡‡ `xandaxan~, sibo…………a `Semodgomaze~, haqo `gvian~, hexzu

~didi xania~, bo¹¹¹¹szu || ho¹¹¹¹ssu `yovelTvis~, hu¹¹¹¹l‘ (hunz. hu¹¹¹¹l) `guSin~,

hu¹¹¹¹l‘al‘ `guSinwin~, dande àxla~, axlaxan~, Jel'ba `wels~, ��Ád (hunz.

arto) `win~, `Zvelad~, beTa (hunz. bedo) `Semdeg~, niSe `RamiT~, niSe-xiSeÁ

`mTeli Rame~, niTona àrasdros~, nitoÁaÃdana `yovelTvis~, azodo (hunz.

azdu) `zafxulSi~, ‡‡‡‡emed‰‰‰‰ (hunz. ‡‡‡‡emed) `gazafxulze~, l'ilma (hunz.

l'immu) `zamTarSi~, Áal'oyeÁ (hunz. l'ebat¾¾¾¾) `dRisiT~, daÁm (hunz. …………et¾¾¾¾o)

`maradiulad~, haxa (hunz.) `male~: haxa, Wit niÁo li?! `male, dana sad

aris?!~ (van 1995: 221) da sxv.

4) kiTxviTi zmnisarTi: kiTxvis gamomxatveli zmnisarTebi,

romelTagan zogi SesaZloa warmoSobiT kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelic iyos,

winamorbed mkvlevarTa naSromebSi calke ar gamoiyofa, maT metwilad

adgilisa da drois aRmniSvnel zmnisarTebTan aerTianeben [bokarevi 1959:

61; isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 278]. arada, maTi calke gamoyofa

SesaZlebelic aris da mizanSewonilic [SaniZe 1980: 594, 596].

159

kiTxviTi zmnisarTebia: a) dadebiTi: n‰‰‰‰? || n‰‰‰‰d? (hunz. niÁo¹?) `sad?~

niTo (hunz. hˆ̂̂̂d––––?) `rodis?~, n‰‰‰‰t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰? || n‰‰‰‰t¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰d? (hunz. niÁos?) `saidan?

niToqcaldi `rodemde?~ nad‰‰‰‰? (hunz. niÁo?) `saiTken?~ la? || lad? ||

ladso? (hunz. h?ˆd––––l nax. hidil) `ramdeni?~ sud? (hunz. surba?) `rad?~

`ratom?~...; b) uaryofiTi: n‰‰‰‰na (hunz. niÁon) àrsad~, n‰‰‰‰sna àrsaidan~,

niTona (hunz. hˆ̂̂̂dd----n àrasodes~ da misT.

5) zoma-wonisa da odenobis zmnisarTebad SeiZleba gamoiyos (kiTxva:

lad? `ramdeni?~): lasodi `ramdenime~, dah || dahab || Á÷÷÷÷t¾¾¾¾t¾¾¾¾�� `cota~, ��l��S ||

g‰‰‰‰d || ladi || ÷÷÷÷ll÷÷÷÷ || m��t�� (tl.) || Teli... (hunz. laxi || Teli) `bevri~,

Áila, way `Zalian~, axxo (hunz. quTaqalda) `Zlier~, Jegun, taguna (hunz.

Jen) `kidev~, eze‡‡‡‡an `bevrad~, turban `sruliad~, Áal'oqos (hunz. bal'egus)

`naxevari~ da sxv.

6) mizezisa da miznis zmnisarTi (kiTxva: sud? `ratom?~). amgvari

zmnisarTebiT beJituri ena Raribia, Tumca SeiZleba gamoiyos ramdenime

maTgani: Áatnana || urRungo (hunz:. urRungo) `ganzrax~, surba? (hunz.)

`ratom?~ da misT.

160

Tandebuli

beJitur enaSi TandebulTa simcire Sepirobebulia lokatiur

brunvaTa siuxviT, rac mTis bevri iberiul-kavkasiur enis zogadi niSania.

lokatiur brunvaTa daboloebebi, romlebic warmoqmnilni arian

zmnisarT-Tandebulebisagan, xSirad isev daerTvian ama Tu im

adgiloebiTi brunvis srul formas da maT mniSvnelobas ufro metad

akonkreteben, mag.: ‡‡‡‡istoliÁa-l' l'iro taqani geli (lomT. 2003: 181)

`magidis qveS (zedmiw. magidis qveS dabla) Wiqa aris~. bodu ilbis mayeC

mawol‘, b–d box-t¾¾¾¾o t¾¾¾¾odo u¹Cen lo gi ìs eSmaki, momavali, dainaxa Tu

ara, am xe-ze zed axta igi~.

rogorc es magaliTebi mowmoben, Tandebulad (saTanado saxelis

sivrcobrivi mimarTebis dasakonkreteblad) gamoyenebuli zmnisarTebi

(l'iro `qveS~, t¾¾¾¾odo `zed~) da maTi esivis daboloebebi (-l `qveS~, -t¾¾¾¾o

`-ze~) genezisurad erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian: l'iro > -l' , t¾¾¾¾odo > -t¾¾¾¾o.

cxadi xdeba, rom esa Tu is Tandebuli fuZes (resp. brunvis formas)

Serwymia da axali brunva warmouqmnia, magram imavdroulad Tavadac

ganagrZobs funqcionirebas. metwilad TandebulTa funqcias adgilisa da

drois zmnisarTebi asruleben.

funqciur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT, pirobiTad or ZiriTad jgufs

gamoyofen: a) zmnisarTuli (Tandebulis funqciiT gamoyenebuli

zmnisarTebi) Tandebulebi [warmoebis Sesaxeb] da b) sakuTriv

Tandebulebi [isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 279].

a) zmnisarTul TandebulTa jgufs miekuTvneba: t¾¾¾¾odo `zed~, l'iro

(hunz. l' ˆ̂̂̂r––––) `qveS~, hica (hunz. i¹¹¹¹Co) àxlo~, ��Ád’’’’ (hunz. artodo) ùwin~,

`Zvelad~, m‘‘‘‘R��TT’’’’ (hunz. muRal') ùkan~, ‡‡‡‡edo (hunz. ‡‡‡‡e¹¹¹¹du) `Sig~, Sin~

`...–gi qe…rilŒ e¹du diÁe Rino lo o ɺl'no l'i net¾eru ìm qvevrSi Cemi

Svidi wlis Rvino aris~ (van 1995: 215), Áal'o (hunz. bo ɺɺ ɺɺl'e) 1. `Sua~ (zmnis.),

2. `Soris~ (Tand.), yawo (hunz. l‘el‘) èrTad~, gisa (hunz. giSo) `gareT~,

dande < (xunZ., hunz. deno) 1. `Sesaxvedrad~, `winaSe~ (zmnis.), 2. `win~

(Tand.): bol'ol dande `saxlsa wina~, so¹¹¹¹ (hunz. s–r– seru, Sdr. xunZ.

s ´́́́…………eruÃ "id".) ìrgvliv~, cixo `Sors~ da misT.

161

b) sakuTriv Tandebulebad miCneulebi pirobiTad or qvejgufad

gaiyofa: a. calkemdgomi, b. saxels Sexorcebuli.

a) calkemdgomi Tandebulebi saxelebs Cveulebriv ukan mosdeven:

nisona `gamo~: hoggŒll'o nisona `maT gamo~. dasturdeba xunZuri

variantebi: sababl‘un, ÷÷÷÷l÷÷÷÷ (hunz. ‡‡‡‡ulu): allahl‹ ‡ulu `RvTis

gulisTvis~.

mica‡‡‡‡ `nacvlad~: abola mica‡ `mamis nacvlad~.

h>ayal‘ul‘ul‘ (hunz.) `Sesaxb~, `-ze~: kuCid h>ayal‘ul‘ul‘ `CaquCze~.

gurogo (< xunZ., hunz. gurib) `garda~: mˆ gurib, tokab suku go ɺWi?

`Sen garda, sxva kaci aRaraa?~.

reyon (< xunZ.) `Tanaxmad~, `mixedviT~: iÁo-abo bŒÁo h‘qm‘l�t¾�

reyon... `mSoblebis gadawyvetilebis mixedviT~...

b) sul ramdenime Tandebuli dasturdeba, romlebic enktilikurad

daerTvian irib brunvaTa fuZes, anda iSviaTad absolutivis formasac.

-labza (hunz. -Cos) `nacvlad~, `gulisTvis~: sak. beJ. dul-labza boÁo

…ahlo h>alti `Seni gulisTvis gavakeTe saqme~; hunz. oJdil –g ru…or

ˆ̂̂̂stiCos `vaJma es gaakeTa Zmis gulisTvis~.

-d‰‰‰‰la (hunz. (-Jba3) `gamo~: hunz. qo ɺss– mexli-Jba y–ra met¾a bo ɺÃis (van

1995: 50) `cudi amindis gamo, bavSvebi ver wavidnen~.

-a‡‡‡‡ `garda~: sak. beJ. iÁo…………-‰‰‰‰‡‡‡‡ abona go…al nuwos `dedis garda, mamac

unda movides~ (xalil. 1995: 30).

-Jum `Tan: hunz. oJe okŒ ɺk Jinis halmaRno-Jun `biWi erToba mis

amxanagebTan~.

-go ɺɺ ɺɺl `-viT~: hunz. oJe ekeW tiga go ɺɺ ɺɺl `biWi vaciviT xtis~.

-l‘eru `-viT~. hunz. ca-boco-l‘eru qid `varskvlav-mTvaresaviT gogo

(van 1995: 224).

kavSiri. kavSiri, rogorc damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis uqoneli

sityva, zogadad siuxviT ar gamoirCeva. miuxedavad amisa, igi

winadadebaTa dasakavSireblad mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs da, aqedan

gamomdinare, winadadebis aucilebeli komponentia.

3 hunz. -Jba materialurad beJ. -labza-s -bza komponents ukavSirdeba: -Jba (< -bJa < -bza).

162

beJituri ena, sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa darad, kavSirebiT Raribia.

es SeiZleba pipotaqsis specifikiT iyos Sepirobebuli - kavSirebis

funqcias xSirad nawilakebi asruleben.

funqciis mixedviT, gamoiyofa kavSirebis ori ZiriTadi jgufi: 1)

maerTebeli da 2) maqvemdebarebeli.

1) maerTebeli kavSirebidan gvxvdeba: a) majgufebeli: -na (sak. beJ.), -

no/-n (hunz.) `da~. hunziburSi misi distribucia: -no enklitikurad

daerTvis xmovanfuZiansac da TanxmovanfuZiansac, xolo -n (<-no) _ oden

xmovanfuZian saxels. masTan, Cans, wyobasac aqvs mniSvneloba: oJeno

qidno, magram: qidno oJen. Tu zedmiwevniT zustad movaxdenT -na, -no

odenobis kvalifikacias, igi nawilaks warmoadgens, romelic kavSirad

aris gamoyenebuli: d––––n m––––n zedmiw. `me-c Sen-c~ _ `me da Sen~ (Sdr. xunZ. -

gi). es kavSiri ar ixmareba zmnebis dasakavSireblad. araproduqtiulia

xunZuris gziT arabulidan nasesxebi …………a (`da~) kavSiris gamoyeneba. igi

ufro wignur metyvelebas axasiaTebs, vinem zepirmetyvelebas. `da~

kavSiris mniSvnelobiT asaxeleben beTa (`Semdeg~) zmnizedasac [xalilovi

1995: 408].

b) macalkevebeli kavSiri: Áada || Áagi (hunz. Áani, Áa) àn~: Áagi hugi,

Áagi do àn is, an me~; Áal‘uni àn~: Ál‘uni is, Áal‘uni isi àn Zma, an da~.

Áal‘uni xunZuridan aris Semosuli, xunZurSi ki _ arabulidan.

amosavali Áa Cans, danarCenebi misi variaciebia.

g) mapirispirebeli kavSiria amma (< xunZ. < arab.) `magram~, `Tumca~:

yatli‡ e¹t¾a, amma Teli k�Ál'’y� `quCaSi gadi, magram bevri ar ixetialo~.

2) maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebidan gamoiyofa: -l `rodesac~, -cal

`sanamdis~, -yod‰‰‰‰ `rom~, -da `Tumca~ da misT.

163

nawilaki

beJitur enaSi nawilakebi enklitikurad daerTvian calkeul

leqsemas da winadadebas Tavisebur emociur elfers aniWeben. rig

SemTxvevaSi nawilakebi Tavisi funqciiT axlos dganan kavSirebsa da

zogjer TandebulebTan. miuxedavad amisa, maTi garCeva mainc

SesaZlebelia, radgan nawilaki ar akavSirebs winadadebebsa da maT

wevrebs.

miuxedavad nawilakTa aramdgradi bunebisa, funqciis mixedviT,

SeiZleba gamoiyos ramdenime jgufi: 1) kiTxviTi nawilakebi: -d || -di (sak.

beJ.), -i (hunz.): CaxCa-di? `wers?~, ru…………‹‹‹‹s-i? àr gaakeTa?~ amave semantikisa

Cans hunz. -l‘a: bulaC marat¾ ent¾¾¾¾e-l‘a? _ nˆs-lo! `bulaCi mTaSi midisa? _

hkiTxe~!

eggu `nuTu~: eggu hugi bil'oRa e¹t¾enadi? `nuTu is Sin wavida?~

2) ukuTqmiTi nawilakebi: Áa àrc~: Áa abo, Áa iÁo g��‡‡‡‡�� bol'oRa àrc

mama, arc deda Sin ar aris~. -We (hunz. -at) àr~, `nu~: ÃoÁ-Wu àr

waikiTxo~; ØeC´-at àr zis~.

3) sityvasityviTi nawilakebi: -l'o (hunz. -l'e) `-o~. bol'oRa g��‡‡‡‡��-l'o

`Sin ar aris-o~.

4) migebiTi (modaluri) nawilakebi:

beTTa || ‹‹‹‹¹¹¹¹ || h‰‰‰‰¹¹¹¹ (hunz. e¹¹¹¹) `diax~, `ho~: miJe hol'o‡di geÁ? _ beTTa

`Tqven aq xarT? _ diax~.

h��‡‡‡‡�� (hunz. go ɺɺ ɺɺW, Rarb. go ɺɺ ɺɺC) àra~: ildo ‡al'‰ guhlaÃla go ɺɺ ɺɺW `Cven

sofelSi qurdebi ar arian~.

5) pirobiT-natvriTi nawilakebi:

(-dana `Tundac~) òRondac~: qid-dana Ãohdasyod‰ òRond gogona

iswavlides~.

oRonT `netav~, `netavi ki~: oRonT mi Øe¹t¾aRa `netav Sen waxvidode~.

164

-da || -so (hunz. y––––d––––) `Tuki~: xiSon n-Cos zuyur––––y––––d----, –g ilus h>alti

lider bˆyŒɺr `Tuki xval is movida, mTeli Cveni saqme dasruldeba~.

6) SedarebiTi nawilakebi:

-coÁ `viT~: diÃa-coÁ ÁaÃcadi `CemsaviT gaakeTeb~.

-l‘iÁo || -Ras || -Rad‰‰‰‰s `msgavsi~.

7) gaZlieredbiT-miTiTebiTi nawilakebi:

alo `-Ra~, `ra~; èrTi~: nisala alo èrTi, miTxari~.

…………ale! àba~, `modi erTi~: gohlo …………ale! àba, modi!~

…………allah! `RmerTmani!~

165

Sorisdebuli

metyvelebisas adamiani axdens calkeuli bgeris, bgeraTa

kompleqsisa Tu mTliani sityvis imgvari artikulaciiT warmoTqmas,

romelSi areklilia adamianis grZnobebi, gancdebi da sulieri

mdgomareoba. aqedan gamomdinare, Sorisdebuli emociurad tvirTavs

winadadebas da winadadebas intonaciurad ufro mravalferovansa da

mimzidvels xdis. ak. SaniZe wers: `rogorc mravalferovania bunebis

movlenebi da sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis movlenebis saxeebi, ise

mravalferovania da Wreli Sorisdebulebic, romlebic warmoadgenen

gulidan amonaxeTqs am movlenaTa gancdis gamo~ [SaniZe 1980: 621]. am

mxriv, arc beJituri ena aris gamonaklisi, romelSic Tavs iCens

sxvadasxva struqturisa da Sinaarsis Sorisdebulebi.

Sinaarsis mixedviT, Sorisdebulebi SeiZleba gaiyos ramdenime

jgufad:

1) grZnoba-gancdaTa gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi:

a) gakvirveba-gaoceba: …………ah àx~, èrihaa!~ (gamoxatavs gakvirvebas); a¹¹¹¹hööööh

òo?~ (gamoxatavs Zlier grZnobas); …………ööööbabaÁ `vai-vai-vai~ (gamoxatavs

gaocebas, wuxilsa da Zlier gancvifrebas); …………aÁ `vai~; ‡e-‡e òh!~

(gamoxatavs gaocebas): ‡e-‡e, niRad me keziÁaÃiÁo! òh, ase rogor moiqeci!~;

…………ere 1. `hei~; 2. àha~: …………ere, qeW il'a àba, imRere!~; ha¹¹¹¹ àba~: ha¹¹¹¹, meÁa xabar

àba, mogviyevi axali ambavi~; haÁ-haÁ `diaxac~, au… ùi!~, au…-fuh (bavS.)

`fuh, sibinZure!~ oho-hoÁ òh-ho-ho~.

mimarTva: Áe `hei!~ Áu `hei!~ (gamoiyeneba qalebisadmi mimarTvisas); oÁe

`hei!~ (ase mimarTaven mamakacs); he `hei~, le `hei~ (Cveulebriv kacebs

miemarTeba); …………ale àba~: gohlo, …………ale àha, modi!~; hŒŒŒŒra (tl., Sdr. heÁa)

àba~, …………a `hei!~: …a, oJe, m– niC o ɺÃati?! `hei, biWo, ara grcxvenia?!~

…………ay----ra `hoi, bavSvo~ (alersiani mimarTva); …………o-o-o è, hei~ (qalebs

mimarTaven): …o-o-o, fatimaT `hei, fatimaT!~ da misT.

heÁ `hei~: hunz. heÁ, malla nasrudin, surba ˆrm-tu bil'eker?! `hei,

mola nasredin, viri ratom momakvlevine?!~

allah || …………allah || …………ullah `hoi, RmerTo!~: hunz. …………allah, e¹t¾oÁs dˆ

166

b–di! (isay., xalil. 2001: 281) `hoi, RmerTo, iqiT me ar waval!~

gajavreba: ohohaÁ òh, ohoo~: hunz. ohohaÁ, Ã–¹s ruh> b–hur (van 1995:

163) òh- ohoo, erTi suli amomxda (`mokvda~)~.

gamxneveba: hop || hopp‰ `hopa, hopla~ (cekvisas gamamxnevebeli

SeZaxili).

natvra: ha òh~: hunz. ha, r–Ãol‘ Jedul‘do m– nˆso (van 1995: 185) òh,

rodis moxdeba kvlav!~

mwuxareba: ‡‹¹ (glova-tirilis xmianoba). ha ùi~; hunz. ha, Je SiÁo

ru…a?! ùi, ra vqna?!

au………… `vai~ (gamoxatavs SiSs. iyeneben mdedrobiTi sqesis pirebi).

aÁ `vai~ (gamoxatavs tkivils): aÁ, kokollas! `vai, mtkiva!~

…………ah `vai~, `vaime~; hunz. …………ah, diÁe oJe Øxu¹xen lo!~ _ lalad‰n lo

bodu `vai, Cemi vaJi mokles! _ aqviTinda igi~.

sixaruli da mowoneba:

…………ah `viS~: hunz. …………ah, bol‘us SiÁo JuÃi! `viS, ra lamazia is (gogo)~.

ohohoÁ ùi-ui~: hunz. ohohoÁ, loderu qef! ùi-ui, ra sasiamovnoa!~

…………allaÁ òh~, òi~: hunz. …………allaÁ, bˆÃ–gs bort¾i'! òh, mze rogor

aWers!~

Ãi-Ãi `xi-xi-xi~ (xarxaris xmianoba).

2) neba-survilis gamosaxatavi Sorisdebulebi:

Secodeba da mofereba: ruÁ, ruÁ `su, su~, `Cu, Cu~ (Sdr. xevs. ru, ru

"id".): ruÁ, ruÁ, Áus qid; nefsi z–¹t¾a, Áus qid...~ (van 1995: 142) `Cu, Cu,

dedis gogo, nemsiviT TiTebi, dedis gogo...~

gafrTxileba: bebe! `frTxilad!~ Áisboxa `qci, eci!~ (ZaRlis mosaqsevi

xmianoba).

gasadevni da mosaxmobi Sorisdebulebi:

gaci! (hunz. gacci < qarT. gawi < gaswi) `gaswi~ (iyeneben ZaRlis

gasagdebad).

g””””S-g””””S `qaTmebis gasareki xmianoba~.

h��Cu! àCu!~ (cxenis gasagdebi xmianoba).

x‹‹‹‹ `xii, xi, mo!~ (kaloze xar-uRlis gasadevni xmianoba).

167

…………ŒŒŒŒha! (am SeZaxiliT aCereben cxenebs, xarebsa da saxedrebs).

h��Á àde-ho~ (Zroxebis gasareki xmianoba).\

dbru `druu~ (cxenis gasaCerebeli xmianoba).

…………is || qis àcxa!~ (katis gasagdebi xmianoba).

tnaÁ (Zroxis mosaxmobi xmianoba).

mah-mah (ZaRlebis mosaxmobi xmianoba).

ri-r-ri (cxvrebis da Txebis mosaxmobi xmianoba).

3) xmabaZviTi Sorisdebulebi:

wiiap-wiÁap `wip-wipi~ (wiwilebis xmianoba)

ba‡‡‡‡ `wlapuni~.

bŠŠŠŠ `bee~ (bRavilis xmianoba).

b‹‹‹‹-b‹‹‹‹p || b‰‰‰‰-b‰‰‰‰b `pi-pii~, `pipini~.

bîîîîh `buu~ (xaris bubuni).

…………iW-…………iW `wivwivi~.

m‰‰‰‰h `zmuili~.

miÁa………… `knavili~.

zemomoyvanili formebiT ar aomiwureba SorisdebulTa simravle da

mravalferovneba. am rigis sakiTxebi sruliad Seuswavleli an

naklebSeswavlilia. maTi specialurad gaRrmavebuli kvleva-Zieba

sasargeblo iqneboda xmabaZviTi (bgerweriTi) leqsikis dasamuSaveblad

da enobrivi universaliebis gamosavlenad.

168

nawili III

sintaqsi

Tavi VI

saxeluri Sesityvebis (atributuli sintagmis) analizi

1. sintaqsis sagani da mizani.

sintaqsis Seswavlis sagans zogadad winadadeba warmoadgens.

ramdenadac winadadeba SesityvebaTa erTobliobaa, romelic damTavrebul

azrs gamoxatavs, amdenad sintaqsi imavdroulad SeiZleba ganimartos,

rogorc moZRvreba SesityvebaTa Sesaxeb [fortunatovi 1905; Ciqobava 1968:

113].

enobrivi sistemis sintaqsur ierarqiul doneze xdeba rTuli

struqturuli erTeulebis warmoqmna: ùSualo SemadgenelTa terminebSi

winadadeba SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogor gamonaTqvamis nawili, romelic

amave gamonaTqvamis sxva nawilis uSualo Semadgenels ar warmoadgens“

[gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003: 246].

Sesityvebis doneze gamoiyofa struqturul-semantikuri erTeulebi,

romlebsac tradiciulad winadadebis wevrebs uwodeben. winadadebis

mTavar wevrebad gamoiyofa pirmimarTi (klasmimarTi) aqtantebi _

Semasmeneli, qvemdebare da damateba, xolo Semasmenels (predikats)

moepoveba Tavisi atributi _ garemoeba, qvemdebaresa da damatebas ki _

gansazRvreba. winadadebis es komponentebi sintaqsurad relevanturni

arian, magram winadadebis struqturaSi gvxvdeba iseTi komponentebic

(kavSiri, mimarTva, CarTuli...), romlebic relevanturi wevrebisagan

struqturulad izolirebulni arian, amitom maT pirobiTad SeiZleba

sintaqsurd irelevanturi wevrebi vuwodoT.

SesityvebaSi, rogorc winadadebis mTavari komponentSi, SeiZleba

gamoiyos ori ZiriTadi tipi: a) atributuli sintagma (Sesityveba),

romlis uSualo Semadgenlebs warmoadgenen saxelebi: msazRvreli

(atributi) da sazRvruli (substantivi); b) preditaktuli sintagma

(Sesityveba), romlis nawilebsac zmna da masTan sintaqsurad

169

dakavSirebuli saxeli da zmnisarTi qmnian. Cven amjerad ganvixilavT

mxolod atributul sintagmas.

atributuli sintagmisaTvis arsebiTia Sesityvebis (frazemis) wevrTa

urTierTdamokidebulebis saxeebi da maTi struqturuli modelebi.

beJituri aglutinaciuri tipis enaa1 da, aqedan gamomdinare, amgvar enaSi

wina planze aris wamoweuli Sesityvebis komonentTa formobrivi kavSiri,

xolo adgilmdebareoba, intonacia da semantika formobrivi kaSiris

funqciamonacvle odenobebia.

atributuli sintagmisTvis iseve, rogorc mTliani winadadebisaTvis,

arsebobs centraluri komponenti (birTvi) da marginaluri komponenti

(atributi), mag.: mallarasadanis icilo iÁo ÁuRona geÁ (kap.). `mola

nasredinis moxuci deda momkvdara~.

zemomoyvanil winadadebis Sesityvebis wyvilis icilo iÁo (`moxuci

deda~) iÁo (`deda~) Sesityvebis birTvs qmnis, xolo icilo (`moxuci~) misi

atributia, Tumca es gramatikulad ar aris relizebuli.

2. atributuli sintagmis komponentTa Tanamimdevrobis sakiTxi.

saxelur SesityvebaSi sityvaTa rigi mniSvnelovania yoveli enisaTvis,

radgan es sityvebis struqturis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia da maT

kanonzomierma wyobis darRvevam SeiZleba saTanado komunikacias xeli

SeuSalos. metadre es iTqmis im enaTa mimarT (mag., ingl.), romlebSic

winadadebis wevrTa wyoba kanonizebuli da myaria.

beJitur enaSi atributuli sintagma, rogorc Tavisufali Sesityveba,

ZiriTadad prepoziciuri (centriskenuli) wyobisaa, Tumca msazRvrel-

sazRvrulis postpoziciuri (centridanuli) rigic ar aris akrZaluli _

igi, rogorc wesi, gaTiSul SesityvebaSi gvxvdeba. sazRvrul saxels win

uZRvis (resp. mosdevs) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli, mimReoba, zedsarTavi,

ricxviTi da arsebiTi saxelebi.

a) prepoziciuri wyoba gabatonebulia, mag.: sak. beJ. nuqoa …o `mSieri

ZaRli~, buyo bisa `didi Tevzi~, honlos mic `maTi ena~, l‘ana mesedo

`sami oqro“, kottu haÁ…an `kargi cxoveli“, l‘ino yuruS `sami maneTi“,

miyoS ÃŒdab‰cas `Tqveni moswavleebi“, maRos nisall‘iro

1 zogjer Tavs iCens fleqsiuri tipis elementebic (ix. ).

170

àvtobiografia“ (zedmiw. `tanis saTqmeli“)...…; hunz. haldu akiWal, w–dil

xabar, SiÁo rat? `TeTri zRapari, Savi ambavi, ras isurveb?“ (zapris

dasasruli), ØanyeCos suku `momavali kaci“, …–Ás moɺgoɺ `ZaRlis tyavi“,

qoSeCos suku `mTibavi kaci“, mesedl‘eru qid òqrosferi gogo“

(`mzeTunaxavi“), iCil abu `babua“ (zedmiw. `moxuci mama“), haldu Sugu

`TeTri cxeni“, kottu qid `kargi gogo“, hans y–ra èrTi bavSvi“, –g Sofer

èg mZRoli“, xo nuÃuru suku `xorcis mWameli kaci“ da mr. sxv.

b) postpoziciuri wyoba fakultatiur xasiaTs atarebs: sak. beJ. enS

boyo `vaSli didi“: ‡enS buyo baÃca, munÃna baÃa‡cas [lomT. 2003: 194]

`vaSli didi icis (ìqeba“), saWmelad ar varga (àr iqneba“); buyaro xal‡‡‡‡

uqumaTlis `didi xalxi mTavrobisa“: buyaro xaly uqumaTlis moyanna

moyona... `mTavrobis didi xalxi mosvliT movida ra...“ [lom. 2003: 200]; qid

diÁe `gogonav Cemo“: ru, ru qid diÁe, nefsi zot¾o, qid diÁe... zedmiw. `Cu,

Cu, gogonav Cemo, nemsiviT TiTi, gogonav Cemo...“ (beJituni nana), oJe yona

`Svili ori“, isi Áuyo ùfrosi da“...; hunz. halti q–d bu…oCos `saqme

xeliT gasakeTebeli“, bowi, haÁ…anlisno ‡asqarlisno hisab

m i z a n g o i s u... [lomT. 2003: 32] `cxvari, saqoneli da jari uTvalavi...“

da misT.

samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom postpoziciuri wyoba

Sesaswavli enisTvis bunebrivi ar aris da metad iSviaT SemTxvevebSi

iCens Tavs, rac elizbar lomTaZesac ar gamoparvia mxedvelobidan

[lomTaZe 2003: 32]. m. xalilovi da i. isayovi Sebrunebul wyobas gverds

uvlian da oden prepoziciuri wyobis arsebobis aRniSvniT ifarglebian

[xalilovi 1995: 410; isayovi, xalilovi 2001: 282].

frazaSi Sesabamis komponentTa postpoziciuri rigi xSirad

sxvadasxva stiluri Tu Janruli garemoebebiT Cans Sepirobebuli _ igi

kompozitebSi, poeziis enaSi anda Sesityvebis komponentTa simravlisas

iCens Tavs, mag.: daÄba-bu…orog `moCxubari“ (zedmiw. `Cxub-mkeTebeli“)

suku Sugur loderu, bedeCab nˆsro zuyur (nah.) `kaci cxeniani mdidrad

iTvleboda“, ketat¾os hare b––––cdu (nah.) `marjvena Tvali brma“, zuyona geÁ

171

buya yona qibba1 xallis [mad. 1965: 93] `mefes hyavda didi ori gogo“

(zedmiw. `yofila didi ori gogo mefisa“), a‡aw–n sˆ̂̂̂g ru…o bowlod

kimalis [van 1995: 117] àTi guda gaakeTes (akeTeben _ n. a.) cxvris yvelisa“

da misT.

araiSviaTad postpoziciuri wyoba dasturdeba gaTiSul saxelur

SesityvebaSi (ix. 4).

prepoziciuri wyobis gabatoneba, rogorc varaudoben, damokidebulia

sazRvrulis gavlenis gafarToebaze: `...igi myarad aris blokirebuli

sazRvrulis mier“ [uTurgaiZe 2009: 163, 167].

3. atributuli sintagmis wevrTa sintaqsuri urTierToba. saxeluri

Sesityvebis sintaqsuri struqtura damokidebulia mis komponentTa

raodenobasa da maTi erTmaneTTan kavSiris saxeobaze. aqedan gamomdinare

atributuli sintagmis wevrebi, rogorc sintaqsuri donis erTeulebi,

erTmaneTTan amyareben garkveul kanonzomier kavSirs, ris gareSec

Sesityveba dakargavda mTlianobas da sityvaTa uazro mimdevrobad

iqceoda. igi moklebuli iqneboda mis ZiriTad sazriss _ komunikaciis

funqcias. amitom aris Sesityveba iseve, rogorc mTliani winadadeba,

organizebuli mTlianoba. rac Seexeba winadadebis erT-erT komponents _

atributul sintagmas, mis Taviseburebas, wyobasTan erTad struqturuli

labilurobac qmnis. kerZod, msazRvreli, sazRvrulisagan _

substantivisagan gansxvavebiT, diskretulobas aris moklebuli, amitom

igi SeiZleba (gansakuTrebiT prepoziciuri wyobis dros) gamatikulad

aramarkirebuli an nawilobriv markirebuli iyos.

sintagma Semadgenel wevrTa raodenobis mixedviT or jgufad iyofa:

a) orwevriani saxeluri Sesityveba: keto teq `kargi wigni“, diÁe qid `Cemi

qaliSvili“...; b) mravalwevriani saxeluri Sesityveba: xallis al'na oJo

(kap.) `mefis aTi vaJiSvili“, iCilo sukos halti (tlad.) `moxuci kacis

saqme“, arto Øanyeru sˆ̂̂̂d …………raClil ru…………oru ‡‡‡‡alamal‘ilos xabar àdre

mosuli erTi eqimis gakeTebuli sakvirvelebis ambavi“ da a. S.

zogadad atributul sintagmaSi msazRvrel-sazRvrulis kavSiris

1 aq msazRvrelTa bunebrivi wyobis (yona buya... òri didi...“) darRvevasTan,

atributTa adgilmonacvleobasTan gvaqvs saqme.

172

sintaqsuri saxeebia: SeTanxmeba, marTva da mirTva.

3.1. SeTanxmeba. msazRvreli saxeli (zedsarTavi da ricxviTi

saxelebi, nacvalsaxeli, mimReoba da atributivad gamoyenebuli arsebiTi

saxeli), rogorc wesi, win uZRvis sazRvruls. Sebrunebuli wyobisas

naTesaobiT brunvaSi mdgari msazRvreli (aÃo-NOM.SG. faTiSahlis-

GEN.SG. `colis mefisa“ tipisa) mxolod saxelobiTSi mdgari saxeliT

imarTvis [lomTaZe 1996: 214].

prepoziciuri wyobis dros, romelic gabatonebulia sakvlev enaSi,

SeTanxmebas adgili aqvs klassa da ricxvSi.

tabula 3.1. SeTanxmeba klassa da ricxvSi

klasi mxoloobiTi

ricxvi

mravlobiTi

ricxvi

leqsikuri

mniSvneloba

I Ø-i‡eru oJe b-i‡er-ar ‡oJ-da `patara biWi“

II Á-i‡eru qid b-i‡er-ar qib-ba `patara gogo“

III b-i‡eru x÷x÷ r-i‡er-ar x÷x÷-b÷÷÷÷ `patara xe“

IV r-i‡eru bil'o r-i‡er-ar bil'o-…………a `patara saxli“

klas-kategoriis mixedviT SeTanxmeba xdeba klasifikatorebis

saSualebiT, xolo ricxvSi SeTanxmeba ki _ klasis eqsponentebiTa da

mravlobiTobis specialuri niSnebiT (ix. 3.2.1; 4.2; 4.3), e. i. klasifikators

fleqsiuri funqcia moepoveba, rac meoreuli movlena Cans.

am SemTxvevaSi klasSi SeTanxmeba ase xdeba: Á-i‡eru qid `patara

gogona“ _ b-i‡er-ar qib-ba (< qid-ba) `patara gogonebi“.

pirvel sintagmaSi birTvs qid (`gogona“) qmnis da msazRvrelSi Tavis

klasifikatorsac aCens, Tumca Tavad saxeli (qid `gogona“)

gamoxatulebis planSi saTanado markers moklebulia (Sdr. xunZ. hitina-Á

Á-as `patara gogona“). amjerad semantikuri mxarea winwamoweuli, romlis

saSualebiTac sazRvruli _ qid (`gogona“) II klasis kuTvnilba xdeba.

rac Seexeba mravlobiT formas, masSi SeTanxmeba ori gramatikuli

kategoriis mixedviT aris markirebuli: a) klas-kategoriis mixedviT ({b-}

173

_ qibba `gogonebi“) da b) ricxvis mixedviT (saTanadod: {-ar} _ {-ba}).

pirvel (a) SemTxvevaSi zemoganxiluli Sesityvebis analogiuri viTareba

gvaqvs, radgan SeTanxmeba klasSi xdeba, xolo meore (b) SemTxvevaSi

mravlobiTi ricxvis forma (qibba), rogorc Sesityvebis birTvi, Tavis

sakuTar niSans ({-ar}) aCens msazRvrelSi. Rirsaacnobi faqti is aris, rom

es ukanaskneli brunebisas ucvlelia da erTgvarad samarTavi sufiqsis

iluzias qmnis. garda amisa, istoriulad klasifikatori SeiZleboda

atributul saxels mravlobiTi niSnis Semdegac darTvoda, romelsac, Tavis

mxriv, damatebiT uCndeboda sazRvrulTan SesaTanxmebeli sufiqsi, e. i. xdeboda

mravlobiTi ricxvis ormagi markireba (Sdr. lomTaZe 1956: 389), mag.: sak.

beJ. wikkar-ab xonxo ùzarmazari xe“ _ mr. r. wikkar-ab-la xonx-bo

(Sdr. b-uyyu Áako `didi guli“, b-u‡-ar Áak-…………a `didi gulebi“...).

cnobilia, rom frazemis (Sesityvebis) wevrTa urTierTkavSiri

ierarqiulia, radganac maTgan erTi mmarTveli (gabatonebuli)

komponentia, xolo meore (resp. sxvebi) marTuli (daqvemdebarebuli).

amgvari damokidebuleba SeiZleba stemebis saxiT ase gamoixatos:

sak. beJ. hunz.

iÁo (II/N.) aÃe (II/N.)

icilo (`moxuci“ _ AT.) suku-l (I/GEN.)

malla rasadanis (I/GEN.) sˆd

pirveli Sesityvebis birTvi aris iÁo (`deda“), romelic sintaqsurad

ukavSirdeba rogorc erT potenciur msazRvrels (icilo `moxuci“), ise

meore potenciur msazRvrelsac (malla rasadanis `mola nasredinis“).

amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sam- da metkomponentiani sintagma kvanZis saxiTac

SeiZleba gamoixatos, romelSic iqneba rogorc SeTanxmeba brunvaSi

(icilo iÁo `moxuci deda“), ise marTva (malla rasadanis iÁo `mola

174

nasredinis deda“):1

iÁo

malla rasadanis icilo

rac Seexeba hunzibur winadadebas, masSi sˆ̂̂̂d sukul (èrTma kacma“)

damoukidebeli orkomponentiani Sesityvebaa SeTanxmebis saxiT

gamoxatuli (Sdr. sax. h––––ns suku èrTi kaci“), xolo aÃe (`coli“)

gankerZoebiT dgas da mas realuri kavSiri marTvis saxiT predikatTan

eqneba (a Ãe zuyun lo Á–y–n zedmiw. `qali iyo ra, mouyvania“).

simptomaturia, rom h––––ns suku (èrTi kaci“) atributuli kompleqsi

gamoxatulebis planSi markirebuli ar aris klasisa da ricxvis

mixedviT, radganac aranairi gramatikuli niSani ar daerTvis. maSasadame,

arsebobs atributuli sintagma oden semantikur doneze. brunvis mixedviT

igi saxelobiTSi (absolutivSi) mdgarad SeiZleba miviCnioT imdenad,

ramdenadac saxelobiTi brunvis forma aramarkirebulia, ukeT: nulovani

morfemiT aris warmodgenili.

aviRoT ramdenime hunziburi martivi winadadeba:

1. niÁo zuyur gulCo ogu b-iyyu mul miJdo iÁul? `sad Seinaxa is

(N.) didi (III/ART.SG.) cocxi (III/N.) dedaSenma“.

rogorc Cans, CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebs SeuZliaT mijriT momyoli

atributivis (bi‡‡‡‡u `didi“) gverdis avliT kavSiri daamyaron

sazRvrulTan (ogu mul ìs cocxi“). amasTanave, sintaqsuri kavSiri

SeTanxmebis saxiT myardeba mezobel uSualo SemadgenelTa Sorisac,

romelic zedsarTavis mier gramatikulad calmxrivad markirebulia:

b-i‡u mul `didi cocxi“.

r-uaWeru xonx-na-la-s beterhan `moWrili xeebis patroni“.

1 SeTanxmebac marTvis erT-erT saxeobad miiCneva [gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003: 250].

Tavis mxriv, SeTanxmebaSi enaTa specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyofa: a) calmxriv

markirebuli SeTanxmeba da b) ormxriv markirebuli SeTanxmeba [uTurgaiZe 2009: 151-152].

175

moyvanil winadadebaSi uSualo SemadgenelTa gradaciaSi Sesityvebis

centrs qmnis beterhan (`patroni“), romelsac, Tavis mxriv, eqvemdebareba

xonxnalas (`xeebis“) forma, romelic, Cveni dakvirvebiT, aris rogorc

atributi _ imarTvis beterhan (`patroni“) wevrisagan, ise birTvi ruaWeru

(`moWrili“) atributis mimarT, romelsac iTanxmebs klasSi, ricxvsa da

brunvaSi. brunvaSi SeTanxmeba Sesustebulia orsave dialeqtSi. metadre

es iTqmis hunzibur mimReobur msazRvrelian Sesityvebaze, romelSic

SeTanxmeba nulamdea dayvanili [ix. lomTaZe 1996: 217].

atributuli sintagma SeiZleba ufro metadac iyos gavrcobili da

Seicavdes ramdenime komponents, romelTa Soris ierarqiuli kavSiri

myardeba, kerZod: sak. beJ. qu…a‡ wodolo soralis bal‘goÁab yoWo

zuyona geÁ [mad. 1965: 91,9] (xeoba _ IN Savi _ ART, mela _ OBL-GEN,

saidumlo - ART, soro _ N. yofna _ V.PR) `xeobaSi Savi meliis saidumlo

soro aris“.

am winadedebaSi centralur komponents warmoadgens yoWo (`soro“)

romelTanac savsebiT SesaZlebelia cal-calke davakavSiroT Sesityvebis

TiToeuli komponenti (garda wodolo `Svi“ wevrisa), romlebic mTlian

sintagmaSi damokidebulebaTa jaWvs qmnian: a) bal‘goÁab yoWo `meliis

soro“. rac Seexeba wodolo (`Savi“) atributs igi oden `meliis“

kuTvnilebas Seadgens. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZlebelia frazema:

zodolo soralis (`Savi meliis“) mTlianad zedsarTavi saxelis

ekvivalentur odenobad _ adieqtiur gansazRvrebadac gaviazroT yoWo

(`soro“) birTv-sazRvrulis mimarT [bokarevi 1949: 235; gamyreliZe da sxv.

2003: 376; ardoteli 2009: 160-161].1

araiSviaTad zogi tipis atributul sintagmis komponentebad erTsa

da imave dros warmodgenilia rogorc substantiuri msazRvreli

naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT, ise adieqtiuri msazRvrelic, mag.: sak. beJ.

…eqali-S (naT.) Ø-itino oJo (sax.) geÁ [lomT. 2003: 193) `mwyemsis patara

vaJia (àris“)“. aq Jo (`vaJi“) aris Sesityvebis centri, romelic, erTi

1 miaxloebiT analogiuri viTareba iqneba Semdeg SesityvebaSi: hunz. q–d

b-u…oCos halti `xeliT (INSTR) gasakeTebeli (PT) saqme (II/N)“. q––––d bu…………oCos `xeliT

gasakeTebeli~ SeiZleba mTlianobaSi birTvis (halti `saqme“) mimarT gansazRvrebad

CaiTvalos.

176

mxriv, klasSi (I kl.) iTanxmebs msazRvrels, xolo, meore mxriv, brunvaSi

(naT.) marTavs substantiur msazRvrels …………eqali-S oJo `mwyemsis vaJi“ _

erg. …………eqali-la oJo, mic. …………eqali-la oJo-l...

rogorc irkveva, naTesaobiTSi mdgari substantiuri msazRvreli,

romelic sazRvrulTan SexamebiT substantiur Sesityvebas unda qmnides,

mwyobr sistemas moklebulia [Sdr. qarTv. en., kiziria 1982: 49-59].

specialur literaturaSi SemCneulia, rom "в гунзибском языке (диалекте

– n. a.) существует довольно редкое для кавказских языков явление: согласование

определения с определяемым в подеже. Определение стоит в одной из двух возможных

форм: в форме именительного или косвенного падежа" [bokarevi 1959: 64].

analogiuri debuleba, orive dialeqtis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT,

ufro vrclad warmodgenilia e. lomTaZis 1956 wels dabeWdil werilSi:

"Как правило, определяющее слово, данное в ф о р м е р о д и т е л ь н о г о п о д е ж а

и п р и ч а с т и е н а с т о я щ е г о в р е м е н и, находясь перед определяемым,

стоящим в эргативе или в косвенных падежах, лишается собственных формантов и

наращивает суффиксы -д, -до в гунзибском, -ла – в капучинском" [lomTaZe 1956: 410].

is, rac e. bokarevs iribi brunva hgonia, sinamdvileSi warmoadgens

ergativisa da ìrib“ brunvaTa fuZes, romelsac brunvis niSnebi (resp.

odindeli klasifikatorebi) aRar SerCeniaT. msazRvrels naTesaobiTis

niSani oden saxelobiT brunvaSi (sax. suku-s ÃoÃo `kacis saxli“...)

moepoveba, sxva brunvebSi ki maT daerTviT sinqroniulad msazRvreli

saxelis formanti,1 romelTac diaqroniulad ergativis

(resp.paleoergativis) niSnis funqcia unda hqonoda.

e. lomTaZis maxvilgonivruli dakvirvebiT, msazRvreli saxelis

formantebi (sak. beJ.: -l/-la, hunz. -d/-do) genezisurad ergativis

saTanado niSnebs ukavSirdeba. rogorc Cans, uklasifikatoro ergativis

forma reinterpretaciis Sedegad sxva brunvaTa msazRvrelad

ganzogadebula [lomTaZe 1996: 224-228].

atributuli sintagma morfosintaqsuri movlenaa, radgan mWidrod

aris dakavSirebuli brunebis sistemasTan. irkveva, rom naTesaobiTSi

1 naxur enebSi saxelobiTis msazRvreli gairCeva sxva brunvaTa msazRvrelisagan

specialuri formantiT: bacb. sax. arWi qud `Savi qudi“ _ erg. arWi-C qude…... [Cqobava

1979: 192].

177

mdgari msazRvreli, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT,1 ufro SeTanxmebas

avlens, vinem marTavs. es mtkicdeba imiT, rom substantiuri msazRvrel-

sazRvrulis sintaqsur urTierTobaSi umTavresia ara marto maTi

struqturuli simWidrove, aramed funqciur-semantikuric. ramdenadac

sazRvrulma – aqtant-substantivma morfosintaqsuri wesebiT ise unda

SeiTanxmos, miijaWvos msazRvrel-substantivi, rom kavSiri maT Soris

myari iyos, amisTvis gramatikuli gamoxatulebis absoluturoba saWiro

ar aris. SesaZloa, amitom xdeba sintaqsuri kavSiris moduneba saxelur

SesityvebaSi.

beJitur enaSi atributuli sintagmis uSualo SemadgenelTa Soris

relevanturi opozicia mainc myardeba, erTi mxriv, saxelobiTSi mdgari

msazRvrelisa da, meore mxriv, danarCen brunvebSi mdgari msazRvrelis

formebs Soris. sailustracio magaliTebi:

tabula 3.2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis brunebis paradigmebi

sakuTriv beJituri dileqti

brunvebi atributuli sintagma leqsikuri mniSvneloba

saxelobiTi al'a‡a-s qid `sofleli (soflis) gogo“

ergativi al'a‡a-la-Ø qib-ba `soflelma gogom“

micemiTi ‡al'a‡a-la-Ø qibba-l `soflel gogos“

naTesaobiTi ‡al'a‡a-la-Ø qibba-s `sofleli gogos(i)“

instrumentalisi _______________ _______________

1 qarTulSic es sakiTxi sapaeqroa, gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis prepoziciur wyobaze,

romelSic `...msazRvrelisa da sazRvrulis damakavSirebeli brunvis niSnis rols

asrulebs msazRvrelis pozicia“. anda: `Cveni TvalsazrisiT, msazRvreli SeuZlebelia

marTuli iyos sazRvrulis mier“. daskvna exeba megr. manZgereS bere (`mezoblis bavSvi“)

tipis Sesityvebebs [uTurgaiZe 2009: 167, 163; Sdr. kiziria 1982: 51].

178

hunziburi dileqti

brunvebi atributuli sintagma leqsikuri mniSvneloba

saxelobiTi r-uWd‰Co-s Wit `mWreli dana“

ergativi r-uWd‰Cod-Ø Wito-l `mWrelma danam“

micemiTi r-uWd‰Co-d-Ø WitŒ-Ø `mWrel danas“

naTesaobiTi r-uWd‰Co-d-Ø Wito-s `mWreli danis“

instrumentalisi r-uWd‰Co-d-Ø Wito-d `mWreli daniT“

garda substantivisa da awmyo drois mimReobisa, analogiurad

ibrunvian msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi da

gansazRvruli ricxviTi saxelebi.

zemomomyvanil paradigmebis ergativisa da irib brunvaTa formebSi

warmodgenilia nulovani alomorfi, radgan SeTanxmebaSi aucilebeli

garduvalobiT igulisxmeba msazRvrelis _ Tvisebisa da sazRvrulis _

cnebis leqsikur mniSvnelobebs Soris sintaqsuri kavSiri arasrulad

iyos gamoxatuli. T. uTuragiZe wers: `swored es mimarTeba (sintaqsuri

kavSiri _ n. a.) qmnis gramatikul algebrul formulas, romlis

ariTmetikul realizacias warmoadgens gamoxatulebis plani, sadac

nulovani alomorfi sintaqsuri ZaliT materialuri niSnis tolfasia“

[uTurgaiZe 2009: 148].

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:

substantiv-komponentebiani atributuli sintagma beJitur enaSi

SeTanxmebis saxiT warmogvidgeba. naTesaobiTSi mdgari msazRvreli

gamoxatulebis planSi nawilobrivad markirebuli saxiT aris

realizebuli, rac Sepirobebulia araerTdrouli da araerTgvarovani

morfosintaqsuri cvlilebebiT [Sdr. lomTaZe 2003: 56-57].

ismis kiTxva: ra saxis sintaqsuri kavSiri myardeba atributiv-

msazRvreliani saxeluri Sesityvebis uSualo Semadgenlebs Soris?

specialuri literaturidan cnobilia, rom zedsarTavi saxeli da

179

namyo drois mimReoba atributul sintagmaSi ar icvlebian1 (Sdr. qarT.

xmovanfuZiani saxelebi) [lomTaZe 1956: 409; 1996: 214-216; bokarevi 1959: 42;

92-93; madieva 1965: 92-95; Sdr. van den bergi 1995: 57; isayovi, xalilovi

2001: 265-266...].

erTi rigis zedsarTavi saxelebi da namyos mimReobis formebi

sakuTriv beJitur dialeqtSi marTlac ganicdian zemowarmodgenili

substantivmsazRvreliani sintagmis msgavs cvlilebas: saxelobiTSi

mdgari formis bolokiduri xmovani ergativsa da irib brunvebSi

icvleba, mag.: sax. Ø-uyo ÷J÷ `didi biWi“ _ erg. Ø-uy-a, oJ-di, sax. wuddo

enS `wiTeli vaSli“ _ wudd-a ens-a, sax. Ø-utiÁo ÷J÷ `dawolili vaJi“ _

erg. Ø-utiÁo ÷J-di da misT. amasTanave, dasturdeba ucvleli

msazRvrelic. sailustracio magaliTebi:


sax. Ø-il'‰ suko `magari kaci“ Á-i‡eru qid ̀ patara gogo“

erg. Ø-il'‰ suk£ `magarma kacma“ Á-i‡eru qid-bo-l `patara gogom“

mic. Ø-il'‰ suko-l `magar kacs“ Á-i‡eru qid-b‰-Ø `patara gogos“

naT. Ø-il'‰ suko-s `magari kacis“ Á-i‡eru qid-bo-s `patara gogosi“

instr. Ø-il'‰ suko-d `magari kaciT“ Á-i‡eru qid-bo-d `patara gogoTi“

SeniSnulia agreTve, rom hunzibur dialeqtSi funqcionireben

zedsarTavTa grZeli da mokle formebi. mokle formebis gamoyeneba

ergativisa da irib brunvaTa msazRvrelisaTvis ordinaruli movlenaa

[van den bergi 1995: 57]. garda amisa, isini gvxvdebian myar SesityvebebSi,

kompozitoidebSi da Sedgenili Semasmenlis saxelad nawilad [isayovi,

xalilovi 2001: 466], mag.: y––––y––––r b––––x àbzinda“ (zedmiw. `myrali balaxi“),

oJe Ø-i‡‡‡‡er (Sdr. Ø-i‡eru "id".) lo `biWi pataraa (àris“)“ da misT.

Cven gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs erTi substantivmszRvreliani

sintagmis Semcveli hunziburi winadadeba:

1 zogi pirveladi zedsarTavi saxeli met-nakleb modifikacias mainc ganicdis, mag.:

sak. beJ. sax. buyo t¾alo `didi qva“ _ erg. buy-a t¾ali...

180

…–-Á-l …–-Á-s mo ɺgo ɺ b-axel-oÁs

(ZaRli / III-OBL-ERG ZaRli _ OBL-GLN tyavi _ III-NOM ar daxevs _

FUTN)

`ZaRli (zedmiw. `ZaRlma“) ZaRlis tyavs ar daxevs“.

substantiur msazRvrel-sazRvrulSi …………––––Ás mo ɺɺ ɺɺgo ɺɺ ɺɺ (`ZaRlis tyavi“)

birTvi mo ɺɺ ɺɺgo ɺɺ ɺɺ (`tyavi“) iqneba, xolo msazRvreli _ …………––––Ás (`ZaRlis“),

romelic naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT eTanxmeba sazRvruls.

raRaa winadadebis wina wevri …………aÁl? igi ergativSi daismis, rogorc

gardamavali zmnis agensi, Tumca misi niSani zmnaSi ar aisaxeba _ igi

mxolod gramatikuli formiT (erg.) Cans predikatTan dakavSirebuli.

klasSi zmnas uTanxmdeba mo ɺɺ ɺɺgo ɺɺ ɺɺ (`tyavi“), rogorc atributuli sintagmis

mcire birTvi predikatuli sintagmis did birTvs (dawvrilebiT am

sakiTxebze meore nawilSi vimsjelebT).

3.2. zmnisarTuli Sesityveba. zmnisarTul SesityvebaSi wamyvan rols

metwilad zoma-wona-odenobisa da viTarebiTi zmnisarTebis saTanado

kombinirebiT miRebuli sintagmis, meore komponenti asrulebs. amgvar

SesityvebaSi, rogorc wesi, win zoma-wonisa da odenobis zmnisarTebi

dganan, romlebic viTarebiTi zmnisarTebis raRac niSniT determinacias

axdenen, mag.:

sak. beJ. way Áil'a `Zalian Zlierad (swrafad)“,

way h�Te ÃŒs `Zalian nela kiTxulobs“,

eze‡an axo `sakmarisad kargad“...;

hunz. ‡–gi way laxxi cubur roÃŒr [lomT. 2003: 35, 24] ìq

Zalian bevri arwivia“,

axxo xexsa `Zalian xSirad“ da mr. sxv.

zemowarmodgenil magaliTebSi zmnisarTebi (resp. garemoebebi)

181

Sesityvebebs, romelTagan momdevno (Cveulebriv viTarebis zmnisarTi)

marTavs winamaval (zoma-odenobis zmnisarTs. endocentrul

konstruqciaSi axxo xexsa (`Zalian xSirad“) xexsa (`xSirad“) birTv-a,

xolo axxo (`Zalian“) _ msazRvreli [ix. gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003: 258].

4. gaTiSuli saxeluri Sesityveba. atributuli sintagmis kvlevisas

aqtualuria ori ZiriTadi sakiTxi: a) Sesityvebis komponentTa rigi;

b) Sesityvebis komponentTa urTierTdamokidebuleba. bunebrivia, maTi

dacalkeveba maT Soris urTierTobis gawyvetas ar niSnavs. piriqiT,

xSirad sintaqsuri kavSiris specifika Sesityvebis wevrTa wyobasa da

adgilmdebareobaze aris damokidebuli. kerZod, postpoziciuri da

gaTiSuli sazRvrul-msazRvrelis dros sintaqsuri kavSiri (SeTanxmeba,

marTva) myaria, xolo prepoziciuri wyobis (msazRvrel-sazRvrulis)

dros sazRvrulis gavlenis Zala msazRvrelze Sesustebulia

(msazRvreli blokirebulia) an mTlianad moSlilia [Ciqobava 1979: 191;

uTurgaiZe 2009: 186-188].

enaTa tipologia cxadyofs, rom, iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa garda,

gaTiSuli saxeluri Sesityveba sxva ojaxis enebSic dasturdeba, rac

zogadlingvistur movlenad miiCneva [giglemiani, Sengelia 2009: 98]. misi

gadamowmeba damatebiT SeiZleba ufro meti enis lingvistur masalaze.

Tu verifikaciis Sedegi dadebiTi iqneba, maSin mas enobrivi universalis

statusi mieniWeba.

didouri enebi mxars uWeren gaTiSuli atributuli sintagmis

enobriv universaliad aRiarebas. kerZod, beJitur enis orsave sakvlev

dialeqtSi dasturdeba am tipis saxeluri Sesityveba [lomTaZe 2003: 57].

gaTiSuli (distanciuri)1 atributuli sintagmis uSualo

SemadgenelTa Soris SeiZleba moeqces winadadebis romelime wevri (zmna,

zmnisarTi...) an mTliani winadadeba, mag.: sak. beJ. ilos way keto geni

ÁaÃca zedmiw. `Cveni Zalian kargi msxali aris“, honl‘oRa muRal'd‰ hino

1 Cveni azriT, atributuli sintagmis komponentTa adgilmdebareobis mixedviT unda

gamoiyos ori jgufi: a) kontaqturi saxeluri Sesityveba: buyo t¾¾¾¾alo `didi qva“; b)

distanciuri saxeluri Sesityveba: hons zuyona geÁ malla rasadan zedmiw. èrTi

yofila mola nasredini“.

182

raÃiro xalylil, way ‡‡‡‡irqinab [lomT. 2003: 58, 5] ìmis Semdeg gza

gakeTda xalxisTvis, Zalian kargi“, istis geÁ yona tuccas Tofi `Zmas

aqvs (zedmiw. `Zmisa aris“) ormsroleli (òrluliani“) Tofi“...; hunz.

bel‘er, mˆ̂̂̂zes t¾¾¾¾amu loder ÃoÃo arto zuyur ildos zedmiw. `swori,

miwis baniani saxli uwin iyo Cveni“, mu-muRal'no xabar miÁeC zuyur arto

anyeru sˆ̂̂̂d …………raClil ro…………oru, ‡‡‡‡alamal‘ilos [van 1995: 177, 9] ùfro gvian

ambavs yvebodnen, winaT mosuli erTi eqimis mier gakeTebuls, saocrebis“,1

yanu guhlaÃ zuyun lo sˆ̂̂̂diÁŒŒŒŒ ɺɺ ɺɺ h––––ns inJeru [van 1995: 152, 9] òri qurdi

yofila, erTmaneTis mjobni“ da mr. sxv.

atributuli sintagmis wevrTa gaTiSva Zalian xSirad dasturdeba

poeziaSi, rac misi specifikiT (riTmis, ritmisa da marcvaTraodenobis,

frazis maxvilis... moTxovnilebiT) Cans Sepirobebuli. garda amisa,

saxeluri Sesityvebis gaTiSva prozaul teqstebsa da zepirmetyvelebaSic

SeiniSneba, rac stilistikuri da intonaciuri TaviseburebebiT unda iyos

Sepirobebuli.

1 am rTul winadadebaSi mravalwevriani atributuli sintagmis wevrebi ise aris

gaTiSuli erTmaneTisagan, rom sam distanciur komponents qmnis: 1) ‡alamal‘ilos (naT.)

xabar (sax.) `saocrebis ambavi“; 2) sˆd …raClil (erg.) ru…oru xabar (sax.) èrTi eqimis

mier gakeTebuli ambavi“; 3) sˆd …raClil ru…oru ‡alamal‘ilos xabar èrTi eqimis

mier gakeTebul saocrebis ambavi“.

183

Tavi VII

zmnuri Sesityvebis (predikatuli sintagmis) analizi

predikatuli sintagma iseTi organizebuli mTlianobaa, romlis

uSualo Semadgenel wevrebs Soris kanonzomieri sintaqsur-semantikuri

mimarTebebi myardeba. faqtobriv igi aris miniaturuli winadadeba,

romlis damatebiTi gavrcoba SesaZlebelia.

predikatul sintagmaSi zmna warmoadgens birTvs, romelTanac

aqtantebi sintaqsur-semantikurad arian dakavSirebuli. gamoxatulebis

planSi beJituri predikatuli sintagmis wevrebs Soris sintaqsuri

urTierTdamokidebulebis saxeebia: a) marTva, b) SeTanxmeba, g) mirTva.

1. predikatuli sintagmis wevrTa wyobis sakiTxi. zmnuri Sesityvebis

wevrebad gvevlinebian, erTi mxriv, zmna-Semasmeneli Tavisi mravalgvari

realizaciiT, meore mxriv ki, aqtantebi, romlebic zmnis valentobas

apirobeben. SesityvebaSi sityvaTa rigi, rogorc cnobilia, aris erT-erTi

arsebiTi mniSvnelobis maxasiaTebeli. masTan, zmnuri Sesityvebis

komponentTa wyoba gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos rogorc winadadebis

wevrTa Soris, ise winadadebis tipebis mixedviTac. beJituri Semasmeneli

predikatul sintagmaSi (resp. winadadebaSi) Cveulebriv qvemdebaris

momdevno adgils iWers, Tumca qvemdebaris winac SeiZleba

dagvidasturdes. maSasadame, gabatonebulia postpoziciuri wyoba

(qvemdebare + Semasmeneli), xolo Sebrunebuli wyoba (Semasmeneli +

qvemdebare) _ masze damokidebuli, mag.: sak. beJ. b�b� geÁ `puri aris~, suko

hunl‘ Suna‡‡‡‡ gollo `kaci guSin daasaflaves~, diÁe yami kokocas `me Tavi

mtkiva~, huqmaTli nisoro `mTavrobam uTxra~, hons xan zuyona geÁ

`yofila erTi mefe (zedmiw. èrTi mefe yofila~)~ da a. S.

postpoziciuri wyoba sakvlevi enisTvis naklebad aris

damaxasiaTebeli1 da igi raime stiluri garemoebebiT an gramatikuli

kilos TaviseburebiT unda iyos Sepirobebuli, mag.: hunz. hans zuyur

1 e. lomTaZis azriTac, qvemdebaris win mdgari Semasmeneli dominanturi araa

[lomTaZe 2003: 10-11].

184

Sofer ìyo erTi mZRoli~, niÁo Øent¾er suku `sad wavida kaci?~ ÁarCe,

Jagindo! `gaiRviZe, Jagindo!~ ol‘us zuyun berdenqa `mas hqonia Tofi~ da

misT.

pirdapiri da iribi damatebis adgili mkveTrad lokalizebuli ar

aris _ is Semasmenlis winac da Semdegac TiTqmis Tanabrad gvxvdeba,

Tumca Cvens xelT arsebul masalaSi ufro bolokiduri pozicia uWiravs

[Sdr. lomTaZe 2003: 11-21]. Semasmenlis Semdeg: sak. beJ. dil bacca gege

(tlad.) `me miyvars Widaoba~, do ÃŒcasi beJt¾¾¾¾ala mica‡‡‡‡a (tlad.) `me

vswavlob beJitur enas~, dil regaC teq (tlad.) `me vxedav wigns~,

…ahall‘o Øit¾es zuyoÁo do (kap.) ìs mklavda me~... Semasmenlis win: sak.

beJ. ile hudo totoc (tlad.) `Cven SeSas vWriT~, iÁo qen bŒc (kap.) `deda

saWmels akeTebs~, abaqardi qeW il'eÁo (kap.) àbaqarma simRera imRera~,

gedi anyo boxiÁo (kap.) `katam Tagvi daiWira~...; hunz. oJdil qid heher

`biWma gogos scema~, mano badra l‘ikl‘i bu…………o! (nah.) `Senc sxvebs sikeTe

gaukeTe~, qidbol di‡‡‡‡i keke nˆ̂̂̂l'––––r (Rar.) `gogom me biWoni (`Sebrawuli

xorbali~) momca~ da sxv. mr.

rac Seexeba ubralo damatebas, igi metwilad Semasmenlis win dgas.

masTan, amgvari damateba araiSviaTad gaTiSulic aris Sesityvebis

birTvisagan, mag.: Øent¾eÁo icilo ‡adamlidoÁ... `wavida moxuc qalTan~...,

mallarasadanna xonxil incona Tokilad (kap.) `mola nasredinic (maT)

xeze miabes ra sabliT~ da a. S.

gaTiSuli ubralo damateba: hunz. dibidiÁa ‡iÁul... wˆndar ru‰

`SenTvis deda windebs qsovs~, usTar yorit¾¾¾¾ ØeCer `mWedeli skamze

dajda~, o ɺbul ol‘�� hin nˆl'–r vedraldo (hunz.) `dedam mas rZe misca~...

2. valentoba da zmnuri Sesityvebis komponentTa kavSiri.

predikatuli sintagma Seicavs iseT elementiebs, romlebic

dakavSirebulni arian rogorc erTmaneTTan, ise Sesityvebis birTvTan _

SemasmenelTan. arsebul komponentTa sintaqsuri urTierTdamokidebuleba

SeiZleba gramatikulad markirebulic (gamoxatulic) iyos da

aramarkirebulic. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi gramatikuli gamoxatuleba

funqciur-semantikur doneze rCeba da, miuxedavad amisa, Sesityvebis arsi

bolomde naTelia. saxeldobr, beJitur enaSi, romelic klasovani

185

uRvlilebiT xasiaTdeba, erTvalentiani gardauvali zmnis subieqti

SeiZleba klasis eqsponentiT markirebulic iyos da aramarkirebulic,

magaliTad, hunz. qid Á-uTur `gogom (zedmiw. `gogo~) daiZina~ qid

(`gogo~) sakuTar gramatikul Á- niSans aCens zmnaSi, xolo gardauvali

zmna, Tavis mxriv, RS-s (qid `gogo~) marTavs saxelobiT brunvaSi. iÁul

(RS/ERG) qeW (ROu/NOM) it¾er `dedam simRera imRera~ _ am Sesityvebis

birTvi _ gardamavali zmna it¾¾¾¾er (ìmRera~) klasifikators moklebulia,

Tumca agenss marTavs ergativSi, xolo pacienss _ saxelobiTSi.

maSasadame, irkveva, rom ricxvSi SeTanxmebisaTvis klasifikatoris

uqonlobas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar aqvs. Tu uaxloes obieqts ricxvs

SevucvliT (iÁul qeW-la it¾er `dedam simRerebi imRera~), maSin ricxvSi

calmxriv markirebul SeTanxmebas miviRebT.1

specialuri literaturidan cnobilia Tezisi pirianobisa da

valentobis gansxvavebul gramatikul kategoriebad miCnevis Sesaxeb

[gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003: 257]. beJituri zmna piris kategorias

moklebulia.2 valentobis TvalsazrisiT garCeulia erTvalentiani

(gardauvali),3 orvalentiani (gardamavali, grZnoba-aRqmis) da

samvalentiani (gardamavali, kauzatiuri) zmnebi.

2.1. orvalentian zmnaTa did nawils klas-kategoria ar moepoveba da

zmnaSi ricxvi calmxrivad markirebulia, e. i. zmnis struqturaSi klasi

ar aisaxeba, xolo klasniSnian zmnaTa struqturaSi naTlad daCndeba

saTanado aqtantTa mier gamoxatuli sagnebis semantikuri klasifikacia.

kerZod, SesityvebaSi: do (RS/GEN) m�Ce (0u) bol'oÁo (`me yana movxani~)

zmna (bol'oÁo `movxani~) moklebulia klasovan uRvlilebas, amitom masSi

uaxloesi obieqti (m�Ce `yana~, romlis klasis niSani b- zmnaSi unda

daCeniliyo, ar mogvepoveba. amgvar SemTxvevebSi ar gvaqvs arc klasovani,

arc klasovan-pirovani da, miT ufro, arc pirovani uRvlileba.

maSasadame, obieqtur-klasovani uRvlilebis sistemis enaSi aRmogvaCnda

neitraluri uRvlilebis zmnebi, romlebsac aqtantebi martooden

semantikur doneze ukavSirdebian.

1 markirebis interpretaciisaTvis [ix. uTurgaiZe 2009: 151-152].

2 gvxvdeba martooden pirovani uRvlilebis Canasaxi [ix. 6.9].

3 erTvalentiani zmnis Sesaxeb [ix. am paragrafis dasawyisi].

186

rac Seexeba orvalentian uklasniSno zmnaTa da maTi klasmimarT

aqtantebis (S1Od) struqturul aspeqtebs, Cveni SexedulebiT, aq gvaqvs

nawilobriv markirebuli marTva, vinaidan saTanado zmnis semantika

realur subieqts (do `me~) marTavs ergativSi, romelSic dgas

markirebuli realuri subieqti. maSasadame, ergatiuli brunvis forma da

zmnis semantika klasifikatoris uqonlobis erTgvar kompensacias

axdenen.

orvalentiani klasniSniani gardamavali zmnebis aqtantTa sintaqsur-

semantikuri urTierTdamokidebuleba naTelia: realuri subieqti,

romelic ergativSi dgas, zmnaSi ar aisaxeba, igi oden logikur-

semantikur donezea warmodgenili. uaxloesi obieqti ormxrivad

(srulad) markirebulia, vinaidan gramatikuladac gamoxatulia (Tavis

sakuTar niSans aCens zmnaSi) da semantikur donezec warmodgenilia,

radganac sxvanairad Sesityvebis azri gaugebari iqneboda, mag.: hunz.

oJ-d‹‹‹‹ (RS) dars (Od) r-iye `biWma gakveTili icis~, o ɺɺ ɺɺbu-l(RS) hoɺro ɺ (Od)

b-ohor `mamam Zroxas aWama~ da misT.

2.2. grZnoba-aRqmis (Verba Sentiendi-s) gamomxatveli zmnebi, romlebsac

inversiul zmnebsac uwodeben, orvalentian zmnebs ganekuTvnebian. am

tipis zmnaTa predikatul sintagmaSi qvemdebare warmoadgens

eqsperiensers da igi micemiTi brunvis formiT realizdeba, xolo

paciensi (Od), romlis klasic zmnaSi aRiniSneba, saxelobiT brunvaSi

dgas. realuri subieqtis (eqsperienseris) aRuniSvneloba cxadyofs mis

gankuTvnebas gramatikuli subieqtisadmi [andRulaZe 1968: 65-67; Sdr.

uslari 1889: 120-121; lomTaZe 2003: 43].

beJitur enaSi Verba Sentiendi-s tipis zmnaTa ricxvs miekuTvneba:

Á-at-al `siyvaruli~: ÷Jdi-l (DAT) iÁo (NOM) Á-acca `vaJs uyvars deda~,

Á-iy-al `codna~, `gageba~: di-l (DAT) Ø-iyeS …ahdi ‡‡‡‡adam (NOM) `me ar

vicnob am kacs~, Á-eg-‰‰‰‰l (hunz. h-anw-a "id".) `xedva: di-l (DAT) isi (NOM)

Á-g‰-Áo `me davinaxe da~, S÷÷÷÷‡‡‡‡-al (hunz. So‡‡‡‡-a "id".) `daviwyeba~: il� (DAT)

l‘ikl‘i (NOM) So‡oÁs `Cven sikeTes ar viviwyebT~, CoÃ-al gageba~,

`Setyoba~: du-l (DAT) iwwo xabar (NOM) CoÃnadi? `Sen axali ambavi

gaige?~ TuÃ-al `mosmena~: di-l (DAT) mi il'eÁol‘i (NOM) TuÃiÁo `me

187

gavigone Seni Zaxili~, Tiy-al (hunz. Tˆ̂̂̂y-a "id".) `Cxvleta~: holl‘o-l

(DAT) nisoÁo Á�Je (NOM) TiyoÁo `mas gulSi moxvda (zedmiw. ùCxvlita~)

naTqvami sityva~, Á-o‡‡‡‡-al (hunz. b-––––‡‡‡‡-a "id".) `dakargva~, `gauCinareba~: di-l

(DAT) qid (NOM) Á-–‡–-r `me gogona damekarga~ da misT.

am rigis predikatuli sintagmebi niSandoblivia ara marto

axlomonaTesave enaTaTvis [bokarevi 1949: 34-38; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 367;

imnaiSvili 1963: 260-261...], aramed sxva wris enebisTvisac [Ciqobava 1979: 197].

rac ufro meti enis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gadamowmdeba es metad

saintereso morfosintaqsuri movlena, miT ufro metad damajerebeli

iqneba Tvalsazrisi misi enobriv universaliad miCnevis Sesaxeb.

zemoganxiluli Sesityvebis struqturaSi Cvens yuradRebas iqcevs

Semasmenlis brunva. uRvlilebisas eqsperienseri (moqmedebis ganmcdel-

aRmqmeli) yvela dro-kiloTa formaSi micemiT brunvas moiTxovs, Tumca

zmna-Semasmenlis struqturaSi asaxvas ver hpovebs. miuxedavad amisa,

sintagmis wevrTa kavSiri gamoxatulia qvemdebaris brunviT [bokarevi

1949: 34], rac SeiZleba calmxriv markirebul marTvad kvalificirdes.

2.3. gardauvali zmnebidan interess aRZravs agreTve erTvalentiani

damxmare zmnebi (kap. geÁ, xaS. gol‘, tlad. geli, hunz. li, lo àris~,

xaS., tlad. zuyo-ro, kap. zuyo-Áo, hunz. zuyu-r ìyo~), romlebic,

konteqstisda mixedviT, kuTvnilebas gamoxataven da orvalentianebi

xdebian. meore funqciiT xmarebisas realuri subieqti uaxloes obieqtad

iqceva da Cndeba kuTvnilebis subieqti (Genitivus Subjectivus), mag.: sak. beJ.

onsi-s y�m geÁ `xars Tavi aqvs (zedmiw. `xar-is Tavi aris~)~, Suga-s hinna

ÁaÃca `cxens rZec aqvs (zedmiw. `cxen-is rZec aris~)~...; hunz. suko-s lo s–

riÁo `kacs hyavs cxeni (zedmiw. `kac-is aris cxeni~)~, dido oɺbu-s ÃoÃo

li `mamaCems saxli aqvs (zedmiw. `Cemi mam-is saxli aris~)~ da a. S.

zemowarmodgenili posesiuri konstruqciis magaliTebSi zmna-

Semasmeneli labiluria, Tumca gardamavlobis TvalsazrisiT _

indeferentuli. zmnaSi saxelis klas-niSani ar aisaxeba, amitom klasSi

da ricxvSi SeTanxmeba ar gvaqvs. samagierod xelSesaxebia marTva_zmna

saxels moiTxovs naTesaobiTsa (agensi) da saxelobiTSi (paciensi), Tavad

saxeli ki zmnasTan SeTanxmebas ver axerxebs.

188

kuTvnilebis gamomxatvel orvalentian zmna-SemasmenelTan qvemdebare,

micemiTis garda, SeiZleba Segvxvdes lokatiur brunvebSic, rac metad

damaxasiaTebelia axlomonaTesave enaTaTvisac [imnaiSvili 1963: 264;

lomTaZe 2003: 48-49...], mag.: hunz. ‡‡‡‡agrag (lok.) zuyunlo Tofia (lomT. 2003:

48) `maT hqoniaT (`maTTan yofila~) Tofebi~, bal‘aÁ usTarli-g (lok.) li

`xanjali mWedels aqvs (zedmiw. `mWedelTan aris~)~...

garda amisa, gardamaval zmnebTan lokatiuri brunvis formiT

SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos iribi da ubralo damateba [ix. van den bergi

1995: 123].

2.4. gardamavali zmnis aqtantTa urTierTdamokidebuleba da zmnasTan

kavSiri. beJituri zmnis arsebiTi maxasiaTebelia klasisa da ricxvis

gramatikuli kategoriebi da maTi markirebis arcTu rTuli sistema. es

upiratesad klasniSnian zmnebs exeba. am tipis orvalentiani gardamavali

zmna saxels marTavs: a) qvemdebares _ ergatiul brunvaSi, b) pirdapir

damatebas _ saxelobiT brunvaSi. es damokidebuleba formulis saxiT ase

Caiwereba: Ag + Pr + Pat (resp. RS + Ver + RO). sailustracio magaliTebi: sak.

beJ. diÁela is-ti (Ag/ERG) S‘g÷S÷…� (Pat/NOM) m-oyona `Cemma Zmam cxeni

moiyvana~, Ãohdagi-Áa (Ag/ERG) CaxCo qaRaÁ (Pat/NOM) `mowafe wers werils~,

ahmad-i (Ag/ERG) radiÁo (Pat/NOM) Á-itillo àhmedma radio daSala~...;

hunz. dido ˆsti-l (Ag/ERG) yoro (Pat/NOM) r-u…o `Cemi Zma skams akeTebs~,

ol‘u-l (Ag/ERG) Ø-it¾er suku (Pat/NOM) `man mokla kaci~, ildo uSTeli-

l (Ag/ERG) hun-du (Pat/NOM) b-uWe `Cveni maswavlebeli SeSas Wris~ da mr.

sxv.

rogorc zemomoyvanili magaliTebi mowmoben, saxeli klasniSnian

zmnas iTanxmebs klassa da ricxvSi, mag.: ahmadi maSina b-itillo àhmedma

manqana daSala~, magram: ahmadi maSin‰ Á-itillo àhmedma manqanebi

daSala~.

maSasadame, beJitur enaSi saurTierTo koordinacia, rac esoden

niSandoblivia qarTveluri enebisaTvis, ar dasturdeba.

samvalentiani zmnis ordinarul aqtantebs warmoadgenen: qvemdebare

(RS), pirdapiri damateba (ROd) da iribi damateba (ROind). orvalentiani

da samvalentiani zmnis sintagmaSi met sintaqsur Zalas pirdapiri

189

damateba avlens, radganac misi niSania warmodgenili zmnaSi, e. i. saxeli

zmnas iTanxmebs klassa da ricxvSi: sak. beJ. si-di (RS/ERG) yona

suko (ROd/NOM) b-eaqillo èrTma ori kaci waaqcia~. Tu pirdapir

damatebas mxoloobiT ricxvSi gadaviyvanT, zmnaSi am ukanasknelis

mxolobiTi ricxvis klasis nulovani alomorfi gveqneba: si-di hons

suko Ø-eaqillo (kap.) èrTma erTi kaci waaqcia~.

aviRoT samvalentiani zmnis ori winadadeba: (1) oJ-di (KRG)

maduhalli-l (DAT) xoÁ (NOM) b-oxna `vaJma mezobels cxvari mihyida~; (2)

do (ERG) diÁela ÷Jdi-d (INS) hinis dnevniq (NOM) r-egalillinna `me Cem

vaJiSvils (zedmiw. `Cemi vaJiT~) Tavisi dRiuri vaCvenebine~.

pirvel winadadebaSi wevrTa wyoba da aqtantTa zmnasTan mimarTeba

klasikuria: RS ergativSi dgas, uaxloesi obieqtis (Od) klass ki zmna

aireklavs. rac Seexeba meore winadadebas, romelSic samvalentiani

kauzatiuri zmna gamoiyeneba, aqtantTa raodenoba gazrdilia iribi

damatebiT (Oind), romelic faqtobriv moqmedebis Semsruleblad

(eqsekutorad) gvevlineba da predikatTan formobrivi kavSiris

gamoxatvas moklebulia. zmnaSi uaxloesi obieqtis klasis (da ricxvis)

niSani daCndeba. istrumentalisis formiani ubralo damatebis

eqsekutoris funqciiT gamoyeneba kidev erTxel svams ergativisa da

instrumentalisis genezisuri erTianobis sakiTxs.

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom samvalentian gardamaval uklasniSno

zmnaSi, orvalentiani gardamavali zmnis analogiurad, zmnisa da

saTanado aqtantis kavSiri Sesustebulia: saxeli zmnas ver iTanxmebs

klassa da ricxvSi, Tumca zmna saxels marTavs brunvaSi (RS-ergativSi,

ROind _ micemiTSi an lokativSi, ROd _ saxelobiTSi), mag.: hunz. ol‘u-l

(RS/ERG) nˆl'–r tex½ (ROd/NOM) ˆsti-g (ROind/AD) `man misca wigni Zmas~,

Sdr. ˆsti-l (RS/ERG) b-oxor ˆst‹ (ROind) z–t¾aÁ (ROd/NOM) `Zmam das

beWedi uyida~.

meore winadadebaSi gvaqvs rogorc marTva (zmna qvemdebares marTavs

ergativSi, irib damatebas _ micemiTSi, pirdapir damatebas _

saxelobiTSi), ise SeTanxmeba (saxeli zmnas iTanxmebs klassa da ricxvSi).

3. sintaqsuri konstruqciebi. predikatul sintagmaSi aqtantTa

brunvebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyofa Semdegi sintaqsuri konstruqciebi:

190

1) nominatiuri, 2) ergatiuli, 3) datiuri, 4) posesiuri, 5) lokatiuri.

TiToeuli es konstruqcia damokidebulia realuri subieqtis an masTan

gaTanabrebuli aqtantis (agensis) brunvaze da saxelwodebac amis

mixedviT aqvs Serqmeuli.

3.1. nominatiuri konstruqcia. nominatiuri konstruqcia, rogorc

cnobilia, damaxasiaTebelia gardauvali zmnisTvis. predikatul sintagma-

Si warmodgenilia oden agensi (RS), romlis klasis eqsponentic daCndeba

klasniSnian zmnaSi, uklasniSno zmnebSi ki realur subieqtze miTiTeba

xdeba semantikur doneze, mag.: sak. beJ. iÁo (RS/NOM) bil'oRa Á-ent¾eÁo

`deda Sin wavida~, ‡emed‰ mex (RS/NOM) b-aWol‘Ca `Semodgomaze amindi civi

xdeba~, diÁe onx (RS/NOM) kokos zedmiw. `Cemi muceli avadaa~...; hunz. qid

(RS/NOM) Á-iÁ‰nr `gogona tiroda~, suku (RS/NOM) Ø-uhur ÃoÃŒ b-iÁ‰nbar

`saxlSi, sadac kaci mokvda, tirodnen~, s–s– mext¾o kot ‡oÃŒr (lomT.

2000: 98) `xan avad aris is, xan kargad xdeba~ da mr. sxv.

pirveladi absoluturi zmnebis garda, araiSviaTad nominatiur

konstruqcias qmnian meoreuli erTaqtantiani zmnebic, romelTac

ganekuTvneba nasaxelari da potencialisis semantikis Semcveli zmnebi

[ix. 6.5.]. amgvar zmnebTan Sewyobili realuri subieqtic yovelTvis

saxelobiT brunvaSi daismis [lomTaZe 2000: 213-215], mag.: …ahdi suko

(RS/NOM) ketl‘iÁo ès kaci kargi gaxda~, ‡–g (RS/NOM) wunduler (hunz.)

ìs (kaci) gawiTlda~, y–ra (RS/NOM) b-ˆy‰ler (nah.) `bavSvi gaizarda~ da

misT.

3.2. ergatiuli konstruqcia. zogadad, iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisTvis,

konkretulad, beJituri enisTvis Tavisebur konstruqcias ergatiuli

konstruqcia qmnis. martivi winadadebis struqturisa da predikatuli

sintagmis agebulebis kvlevisas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba swored

ergatiul konstruqcias eniWeba, romelic samvalentiani gardamavali

zmnis konstruqciad gvevlineba. amgvari predikatuli sintagmis

Taviseburebas is qmnis, rom gardauvali zmnis RS da gardamavali zmnis

ROd erTi da imave brunviT-saxelobiTiT gadmoicema. masTan, zmnaSi

airekleba saxelobiTSi mdgari uaxloesi obieqtis (paciensis) klasi,

191

xolo funqciur-semantikurad ufro aqtiuri aqtantis _ qvemdebaris

klasi ki aRuniSvneli rCeba _ uaxloesi obieqtis Zala subieqtisas

sWarbobs [Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 239].

beJituri zmna, xunZur-andiur enTa zmnisagan gansxvavebiT da

axlomonaTesave didour enaTa analogiurad, meti stabilurobiT

gamoirCeva, amdenad saTanado sintagmebSi igi moklebulia orazrovnebas,

mag.: diÁe …o-Á (RS/ERG) aJdah (ROd/NOM) b-it¾eÁo `Cemma ZaRlma urCxuli

mokla~, do (RS/ERG) simindi (ROd) b-iJeC `me siminds vTesav~ da misT.

erTi rigis amosaval zmnaTa (nil'al `micema~, tutal `srola~...) da

kauzatiuri zmnebis ergatiuli konstruqcia iribi obieqtis (Oind)

mqoneblobiT gamoirCeva. masTan, SR da ROd brunvebs ar icvlian, ROind ki

daismis micemiTsa da lokatiur brunvebSi, mag.: haJimurad raWa, bol‘u

bow‹ (ROind/DAT) Tofi (ROd/NOM) tut‰-l'e (lomT. 2003: 40, 7) `hajimurad,

modi, am mgels Tofi vesroloTo~, iÁo (RS/ERG) ÷Jdi-l (ROind/DAT)

b-�t¾ello kobala (ROd) `dedam vaJiSvils kombali dascxo~, majidi

(RS/ERG) nisollo halmaRliÃa (ROind/LOC) iÁoS xabar `majidma amxanags

dedis ambavi hkiTxa~ da a. S.

sagulisxmoa, rom meoreuli kauzatiuri zmna irib obieqts

instrumentalisSi marTavs [ardoteli 2008: 77-78], mag.: do (RS/ERG)

yebedli-d (ROind/INS) wit (ROd/NOM) r-Œllillo (lomT. 2000: 198) `me

mWedels dana gavakeTebine~, mallarasadan-i (RSinit/ERG) �l'ela xalyli-d

(Oi nd /ex) reÃen (ROd/NOM) bawi-l (Oi nd /ex/DAT ) r-‘n-…a-Ãilinna `mola

nasredinma soflis xalxs cxvari mgels SeaWmevinebina~ da sxv. misT.

3.3. datiuri konstruqcia. rogorc ukve avRniSneT zemoT [ix. 2.2],

Verba Sentiendi-s tipis pirveladi inversiuli zmnebi agenss (RS) micemiT

brunvaSi moiTxoven (di‡i Ø-at oJe `me miyvars vaJi~, di‡i Á-at qid `me

miyvars gogo~...), rac mravali enis saTanado movlenasTan poulobs

paralels [Ciqobava 1979: 197]. garda amisa, micemiTi brunviT gamoixateba

moqmedebis adresati da iribi obieqti, mag.: abo (RS/ERG) oJdi-l

(ROind/DAT) bit¾ (ROd/NOM) nil'iÁo (kap.) `mamam vaJiSvils cxvari misca~,

oJ-di-l (RS/ERG) qid-b–-– (ROind/DAT) (ÃaT) m-iÁaa-r (hunz.) `vaJma gogos

192

(xeli) daartya~ da sxv.

3.4. posesiuri (naTesaobiTiani) konstruqciis problema. rogorc

cnobilia, specialur literaturaSi damoukidebel sintaqsur erTeulad

gamoyofen posesiur konstruqcias da mas sxva momijnave konstruqciaTa

Tanabar uflebebs aniWeben [imnaiSvili 1963: 264; kibriki da sxv. 2001: 298-

299; lomTaZe 2003: 45-46].

beJitur enaSi e. w. posesiur konstruqcias martooden meSveli zmnebi

qmnian. posesiur (naTesaobiTian) konstruqciis aqtantebidan markirebuli

ar aris arc agensi da arc paciensi, saTanado zmnas klasifikatori ar

moepoveba [ix. 2.3.]. posesiuri konstruqciis struqtura aseTia:

kuTvnilebis subieqti (GS=Genitivus Subjectivus) yovelgvar droul formaSi

dgas naTesaobiTSi, xolo realuri obieqti (ROd) _ saxelobiTSi, mag.: sak.

beJ. isti-s (GS) Tofi (ROd) geÁ `Zmas Tofi aqvs (zedmiw. `Zmis Tofi

aris~)~, …‰lco xalli-s (GS) hons ÷J÷ (ROd) zuyona geÁ ìm mefes erTi

vaJi hyavda (zedmiw. ìm mefisa erTi vaJi iyo~)~...; hunz. ol‘us (GS) yuruS

(ROd/NOM) goɺW `mas fuli ar aqvs (zedmiw. `misi fuli ar aris~)~, –gras

(GS) zuyun lo s–ro (ROd/NOM) `maT hyoliaT (zedmiw. `maTi yofila~)

cxeni~ da a. S.

3.5. lokatiuri konstruqcia. lokatiuri konstruqcias ayalibeben

metwilad modaluri semantikis Semcveli zmnebi. lokatiur konstruqcias

qmnian:

1) kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli gardauvali zmnebi: sak. beJ. miJug SuSa

litto, anwi giWko! `Tqven Tu boTli gaqvT (zedmiw. `TqvenTan boTli Tu

aris~), sasmeli Caasxi!~;

2) adresatis mqone gardamavali da kauzatiuri zmnebi, romlebic

ubralo damatebas erT-erT lokatiur brunvaSi (AD/CONT/SUP) moiTxoven:

hunz. ogu (RS/ERG) Sugulad miRa-l‘ (ROind/CONT) …edra (ROd/NOM) nˆcar

`man cxenis kuds vedro dakida~;

3) erTi rigis gardamavali zmnebi (b-iJ-a `mogeba~, b-–Ã-a `SeZleba~,

b-oJ-a `ndoba~, `rwmena~...) ubralo damatebas (sirkonstants) sxvadasxva

lokatiur brunvaSi svamen [ix. van den bergi 1995: 123-124; lomTaZe 2003:

193

53-55].

amrigad, beJitur enaSi TavCenil sintaqsur konstruqciebSi

umTavresia klasmimarT aqtantTa damokidebuleba predikatTan _

SemasmenelTan. rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, predikatul sintagmaSi zmna

(Semasmeneli) saxels (RS, RO) marTavs saxelobiTSi, ergativSi da

micemiTSi, riTac iqmneba saTanado sintaqsuri konstruqciebi. rac Seexeba

posesiur da lokatiur konstruqciebs, isini klasmiumarTav aqtantTa

konstruqciebia da, amdenad, naklebi funqciuri datvirTva aqvT.

194

beJituri beJituri beJituri beJituri ((((beJiturbeJiturbeJiturbeJitur----hunziburihunziburihunziburihunziburi) ) ) ) teqstebiteqstebiteqstebiteqstebi

IIII. . . . sakuTriv beJituri dialeqtisakuTriv beJituri dialeqtisakuTriv beJituri dialeqtisakuTriv beJituri dialeqti

leqsleqsleqsleqs----simRerebisimRerebisimRerebisimRerebi

teqsti 1: beJituri iavnanabeJituri iavnanabeJituri iavnanabeJituri iavnana1

**** **** ****

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, n�fCi zot¾os, qid di�e!

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, tigan bicos, qid di�e!

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, zukla qotas, qid di�e!

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, collo onxso, qid di�e!

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, azak yamSo, qid di�e!

ruu, ruu, qid di�e, mo�-miƒ‰s, qid di�e!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, nemsTiTa, Cemo gogona!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, ZalayiniviT bklavebi, Cemo gogona!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, xvimiriviT dunduli, Cemo gogona!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, Rormucela, Cemo gogona!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, Tavkombala, Cemo gogona!

Cu, Cu, Cemo gogona, kevriviT zurgi, Cemo gogona!

1 rogorc miuTiTeben, igi datirebidan (samgloviaro teqstidan) iRebs saTaves [ix.

luguevi, mahomedovi 1994: 168-169].

195

teqsti 2:

**** **** **** **** **** ****

illa yo…al …odo nil'a!

illa yo…al baba batna,

illa bowilal box �atna _

…odo nil'a, xiri�a… allah!

illa ha�…anlil lÀi �atana,

gowoƒ iluƒa, …odo nil'a,

alah, amin!

Cven bavSvebs wvima mieci,

Cvens bavSvebs puri unda,

Cvens cxvars Tiva unda

wvima gviwyalobe, didebulo alaho!

Cvens saqonels wyali unda,

mogvxede Cven, wvima mogvivline,

alaho, amin!

teqsti 3: akvnuri1

qidba dil keke nil'na,

keke do g‘dil Wal'ena.

g‘di dil wemuw nil'na,

wemuw do �onso‡o bit¾ena,

�onso dil ÷J÷ nil'na,

÷J÷ do hasa‡ ehna.

hasa dil …odo nil'na,

…odo do mica‡a gitna.

mica dil ƒibo nil'na,

ƒibo do Ti‡na, ha‡ona, �eSna,

xul'ona, qeifobalt¾a zuyŒ.

gogom me biWoni momca,

biWoni me qaTams davubnie.

qaTamma me kvercxi momca,

kvercxi me kedels vesrole.

kedelma me vaJi momca,

vaJi me caSi gavgzavne,

cam me wvima momca,

wvima me miwaze davasxi.

miwam me xorbali momca,

xorbali me Sevbrawe, davfqi da vWame

davlie, qeifSi viyavi.

1 am simReris mokle hunziburi varianti Cawerili aqvs van den bergs [van den bergi

1995: 114], xolo beJituri varianti _ s. luguevs da d. mahomedovs [luguevi, mahomedovi

1994: 170-171].

196

teqsti 4:

**** **** **** **** **** ****

illa iman‡alill'ona

kimalt¾as b�b�.

�onyona CurRellis hazna,

tutna, beqillo.

Cven mier imanalisTvis (damzadebuli)

yveliani xaWapuri.

mofrinda mweris gundi,

esrola ra, Zirs Camoyara.

teqsti 5:

**** **** ****

azodo _ marat¾a,

l'ilma _ …ella‡.

inƒalzu axe‡es

uo�o bul'o.

**** **** ****

zafxulSi _ mTaSi,

zamTarSi _ saqarTveloSi.

veRar movixelTe

mkvdari Rori.

teqsti 6:

**** **** ****

_ n‰d mi, sorako?

_ inzt¾a.

_ inz �eda, n‰d mi, sorako?

_ bolt¾a.

_ ni�od holo bŒlo?

_ biƒod munacol‰go.

_ ni�od holo bŒƒi?

_ micat¾a meax‰go

_ ni�od holo m’Ce?

_ hobolli bo…al'‰go.

_ ni�od huli hŒbol?

**** **** ****

_ sad xar, melakuda?

_ xvavze.

_ xvavi Tu daiSleba, sad xar, melakuda?

_ yinulze.

_ rogoria eg yinuli?

_ mziT gadnobadi.

_ rogoria eg mze?

_ miwis (àdgilze~) Semxebi.

_ rogoria eg miwa?

_ stumris (`stumarma~) mosaxnavi

(`moxvnadi~)

_ rogoria eg stumari?

197

_ cin�aRa eat¾‰go.

_ ni�od huli c‰nlŠ?

_ canna ��C‰go.

_ ni�od holo c‰ni?

_ witta muax‰go.

_ ni�od huli w‹ti?

_ kadal'i eaq‰go.

_ ni�od holo k‰do?

_ enxe beaz‰go.

_ ni�od huli Šnxe?

_ bisi y‰w‰go.

_ni�od hulo b‹sa?

_ ÷Jdi bu…ax‰go.

_ ni�od huli “J÷?

_ hazRa eat¾‰go,

_ ni�od huli h‰zi?

_ anye to…at‰go.

_ ni�od holo ‰nyo?

_ gedi bo…ax‰go.

_ ni�od holo gŠdo?

_ iCila i�ona, iCila abona

milÀi‡i fuxina, Wal'ina,

axxa-boxxa‡, qiqi�a naxa‡ _ bibid‰ro!

_ marilze (`marilisken~) mimavali.

_ rogoria eg marili?

_ Txis asaloki.

_ ranairia eg Txa?

_ daniT dasaklavi.

_ ranairia eg dana?

_ kibis qveS Casavardni.

_ rogoria eg kibe?

_ mdinaris wasaRebi.

_ ranairia eg mdinare?

_ Tevzis Sesaxrapunebi.

_ rogoria eg Tevzi?

_ biWis (`biWma~) dasaWeri.

_ rogoria eg biWi?

_ Znis grovebTan mimavali.

_ ranairia eg Znis rova?

_ Tagvis (`Tagvma~) dasaRrRneli.

_ rogoria eg Tagvi?

_ katis mier dasaWeri.

_ rogoria eg kata?

_ faRaraTi rom aqvs bebiasa da

babuas kalTaSi9 asxams

balax-bulaxSi, namjaSi _ xanZaria!

198

teqsti 7:

**** **** ****

mina dona l'ona

do bohcas duni�al.

mina sukol et¾e�o,

do si�od �o…al?

**** **** ****

SenTvis da CemTvis

me vqmnidi samyaros.

Senc sxvasTan waxvedi,

me raRa vqna?

teqsti 8:

**** **** ****

Sa�tan-qa�tan!

dibo Jo dul �aƒas,

di�e Jo dil nil'a,

dibola hind met¾e!

**** **** ****

avo sulo (èSmak-meSmako~)!

Seni rame SenTvis iyos,

Cemi rame me momeci,

Sen Tavisi gziT wadi!

teqsti 9:

**** **** ****

mina dona lÀarat¾a,

lÀana bul'o Rodot¾a.

informatori: uneizaT jabaris as. xalilo-

va, 91 wlis, Cantlisyure (warmoSo-

biT beJiteli), wera-kiTxvis ucodina-

ri. 13.08.2009.

**** **** ****

me da Sen vakeze,

sami Rori gorazze.

teqsti 10:

**** **** ****

1. yimaTabzu zuyyo�o

÷JdiSzu aƒo.

÷J÷na aƒi�o,

b‰sra �aƒi�o.

**** **** ****

patiosani iyo

vaJis coli.

biWic gaCnda,

Tavslafdamsxmelic gaCnda.

199

2. i�ona abona

�atna �ohdana.

�ate‡es, lal �ehna,

yimaT buRollo.

dedas da mamas

undodaT da gaaCines.

(vinc) ar uyvarda, miaTxoves,

bedniereba (`fasi~) daakles.

teqsti 11:

**** **** ****

�en�a dona, i�o,

aliRor m�ralÀ.

dinna r‘nƒal ratna�

bowilas kima.

**** **** ****

mec gamiSvi, dedi,

alisTan mTaSi,

mec mominda Wama

cxvris yvelisa.

teqsti 12:

**** **** ****

dona mina l'ona

do bŒcas duni�al.

mina sukol et¾elÀ,

do SiJo ru…al?

**** **** ****

CemTvis da SenTvis

me vqmnidi samyaros.

Seni sxvasTan wasvlis mere

me raRa vqna?

teqsti 13:

**** **** ****

rit¾ena zal'ona,

g�na onz-…odona.

aWilÀna uRoc Jo,

di�e xiri�a�!

informatori: ramzanaT abdulxaliyis as.

ibrahimova, dabad. 1934 w. sof.

arSo (areSi), 1944-1957 w. riTla-

**** **** ****

Cadga qaric,

movida Tovl-wvima.

gavcivdi, vkvdebi me,

Cemo Zvirfaso!

200

bis r-ni (CeCneTi), warmoSobiT

tliadaleli, cxovrobs Cantlisyu-

reSi, 9 klasis ganaTlebiT.

15.08.2009.

teqsti 14: rasul amzaTov

**** **** ****

rasul hamzaTovi

1111 1 mit¾go muƒ _ mit¾go qo�su1 1) rva striqoni _ rva yo�su

2 bel'na muƒ _ bel'na qo�su

2222 1 qoWol ralÀdalÀe li C…axé; 2) simReris zRvisken idineT;

2 qeWlila ralÀadba‡a �et¾e;

3333 1 amma ralÀdal lÀinalÀ´ nuJ 3) magram zRvis wyals Tqven

2 amma ralÀadlila lÀil miJe

4444 1 lÀaze qóla, riluge. 4) unda icnobdeT, ar gaibneT.

2 bi�ayal nuwoc, bo…a‡aya.

5555 1 mit¾go muƒ _ mit¾go rot¾i 5) rva striqoni _ rva siyvaruli

2 bel'na muƒ _ bel'na rot¾i

6666 1 rat¾alda Tirize a, 6) xmeleTze gancxromiT iareT,

2 rat¾it¾al karbal'al met¾a,

7777 1 amma emen lÀalarel 7) magram mSoblis (`mamis~) ucnobeli,

2 amma abo iya‡aCaS

8888 1 lÀimal „adin rukunge. 8) bavSvebo, nu iqnebiT.

2 yora baƒ‰ya.

1 pirvelad warmodgenilia xunZuri teqsti, Semdeg ki _ beJituri. xunZuridan beJitu-

rad da qarTulad Targmna n. ardotelma.

201

�d�Tla�d�Tla�d�Tla�d�Tla, , , , xabarlaxabarlaxabarlaxabarla, , , , �qiW�rla �qiW�rla �qiW�rla �qiW�rla wwwweseseses----CveulebaniCveulebaniCveulebaniCveulebani, , , , ambavaebiambavaebiambavaebiambavaebi, , , , zRaprebizRaprebizRaprebizRaprebi

teqsti 15: uuuunnnnRorasRorasRorasRoras llll'iroiroiroiro iiiinnnnƒollƒollƒollƒollÀÀÀÀiiii. . . . micvalebulismicvalebulismicvalebulismicvalebulis dasaflavebadasaflavebadasaflavebadasaflaveba

1. xiSat¾a qol'alÀ uRoda suko,

l'iro inƒolca …ah‰q-l'o …odi‡i.

1. dilabindze Tu mokvda kaci,

krZalaven imave dRes.

2. beTa niSd�� uRoda, inƒola‡a

hogl'o …odi‡i, inƒolca l'iro

yonasla …odi‡i.

2. saRamos Tu mokvdeba, ar marxaven

imave dRes, marxaven meore dRes.

3. hos …odo…a eCela‡a. 3. erT dReze metad ar toveben.

4. yonas …odi‡iØ sukodi onyalÀi-

ro aƒda _ ÷Je, qid, abo _

mony‰da, l'iro inƒolca.

4. meore dRes, Tu vinme mosasvlelia

_ biWo, gogo, mama _ Tu ar movlen,

marxaven.

5. alahlis ixTi�ar g�‡e anta

eCelal.

5. alahis neba ar aris, didxans

datovon.

6. lÀana …odo ‡ilalla baƒca. 6. sami dRe rituals asruleben.

7. onyÀenaSla …odi‡i baƒca

qirilaS ‡ilalla.

7. meoTxe dResac sruldeba madli-

erebis locva.

8. muJmar …odi‡i met¾eC S‘nat¾a,

yulhu baRal, sadayana riCCa:

kamfetka, feCenia, sadayana ritCa,

bil'oRad‰ g�c.

8. paraskev dRes gadian sasaflaoze,

qelexs ixdian, saCuqrbsac arigeben:

kamfets, namcxvars, mowyalebasac

moiReben da Sin brundebian.

9. lÀinarigna yona …odo met¾eC

S‘nat¾a.

9. ormocda Tormeti dRe sasaflaoze

dadian.

10. lÀinarigna yonasla …odi‡i

hos Jona ruxona, bŒc ‡ilalla

xiSat¾a, lobat¾a, niSe maJdiqa‡a.

10. ormocda meTormete dRes erT

saklavsac (`ramesac~) klaven,

loculoben (`locvas akeTeben~)

meCeTSi diliT, SuadRes da saRamoTi.

11. lÀa�l ruRolÀen hos Jona 11. wlisTavzedac erT saklavs

202

ruxona bŒc ‡ilalla. (`rames~) klaven da loculoben.

12. …‰l'oRa nuRal' nirona ‡adaT

oloS ga‡e.

12. amis Semdeg araferi adaTi Cven

ar gvaqvs (`Cveni ar aris~).

13. roteC S‘na gilÀillo yeraRa

royoro.

13. saflavi iTxreba mxrebis simaRle-

ze.

14. beTa rŒc lato-roca oly-

d‰na yilmalil'd‰na miƒaral'd‰na.

14. Semdeg orive mxridan akeTeben

kubo-kedels samxreTisaken da

CrdiloeTisken (`zurgisken~).

15. honlÀol latolat¾a gilal

hadur �Œc Sipirol.

15. am kubo-kedelze dasadebad

amzadeben sipebs.

16. S‘na hadurabi ‡adam l'iro

inƒolal.

16. saflavi mzadaa adamianis

dasamarxad.

17. ayoc l'o…at¾a uRoro suko,

golca endo, �on…ayolca

Sipirol lahtolat¾a.

17. moasveneben sakaciT mkvdar kacs,

awvenen Sig, afareben sipebs kubo-

kedels.

18. Sipilarat¾a �onyolca toli,

selofani mizo endo buSalÀe‡eRa.

18. sipebze afareben tols,

celofans, miwa rom ar CaiSalos.

19. beTa t¾odo Wal'eC mizona

l'iro inƒolca yadam.

19. mere zemodan miwasac ayrian

damarxul adamians.

20. uRoro suko niRa golca

S‘na‡a.

20. _ mkvdar kacs rogor awvenen

saflavSi?

21. hugi golca yilmalilÀd‰na

uxelna.

21. _ mas awvenen piriT samxreTisaken.

22. l'iro unxel uRolÀ giWilCa

lÀi S‘nat¾a.

22. dasaflavebis Semdeg wyals asxamen

saflavze.

informatori: javgaraT jemalis as.

kaxitaeva, dabad. 1959 w., 20

Tebervali, xaSarxota, 9 klasis

ganaTlebiT, diasaxlisi. 19.08.2008.

203

teqsti 16: Samilna asmanaSamilna asmanaSamilna asmanaSamilna asmana Samili da asmaTiSamili da asmaTiSamili da asmaTiSamili da asmaTi

1. Samilna asmana isna gel. 1. Samili da asmaTi da-Zmani (`da-Zma~)

arian.

2. honrŒl sidi qalasba‡a ƒoda

bacas gel.

2. eseni pirvel klasSi swavloben.

3. honrŒl biSun Ranazu aradd‰

darsba ri�ayelCa.

3. eseni yvelaferze win gakveTilebs

swavloben.

4. beTa honrŒl kiSab�hanna

kiSab�C.

4. Semdeg egeni TamaSobiTac

TamaSoben.

5. …ahanlÀobza ill� uCiTelli

becci bo…-ac.

5. amitom Cveni maswavlebeli (`Cvenma

maswavlebelma~) aqebs (maT).

teqsti 17: saxlsaxlsaxlsaxlÀÀÀÀi wumi ru…ai wumi ru…ai wumi ru…ai wumi ru…a janmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacva

1. saxlÀi wumi ro…al biSugun

aradd‰s Sart gel rawal'i.

1. janmrTelobis dasacavad yvelaze

pirveli (`wina~) piroba aris

sisufTave.

2. m�S unTi moyoc

CoroqlÀilat¾a.

2. mravali avadmyofoba usufTaobaze

Cndeba (`modis~).

3.eCero bil'o, lÀiWero …aTan,

nuƒCaS qen, xul'ocas lÀi, ‡uccas

Si bawadab zoRa‡ada, ‡adamlitna

lÀiyero unTi moyoc.

3. sacxovrebeli (`sadgomi~) saxli,

Casacmeli tanisamosi, SesaWmeli

saWmeli, dasalevi wyali, dasaZinebeli

logini sufTa Tu ar aris, adamians

(àdamianze~) cudi avadmyofoba

emarTeba (`modis~).

teqsti 18: �re�re�re�re TvaliTvaliTvaliTvali

1. h�re way bawacca wumzi ro…al

nuworo Jo gel.

1. Tvali Zalian sufTad Sesanaxi

(`Senaxvad saWiro~) ram aris.

204

2. at¾a t¾odo anzarolÀi

renxelal raƒa‡a.

2. Tvalze (`Tvalze zed~)

usufTaobis (`WuWyianobis~) mocxeba

ar SeiZleba.

3. anzaro qoroda re�axelda,

unTi moyoc

3. WuWyiani xelebi Tu Seaxe,

avadmyofoba uCndeba (`moudis~).

4. �reda kokoro suko xexSa

bocdolÀca.

4. Tvalebmtkivani kaci male

brmavdeba.

teqsti 19: S‘goS‘goS‘goS‘go cxenicxenicxenicxeni

1. S‘go ‡adamlil way fa�da

g�llo Jo gel.

1. cxeni adamians Zalian sasargeblo

ram hyavs.

2. S‘gat¾a ‡adamla t¾ar b�yeC. 2. cxenze adamianebi zed sxdebian.

3. honlÀo ral rŒc, m�Ce bol'oc. 3. miT kalos lewaven, yanas xnaven.

4. honlÀot¾a t¾aryena Tuƒilca,

hono k’Wkala‡a l'i�oc.

4. masze tvirTs deben, amas uremSi

(`taWkaSi~) abamen.

5. S‘go g�lla iSli‡i baƒca. 5. Waki cxeni saqmeSi SeiZleba.

6. huni�a‡a S‘gaS hin �aƒca. 6. garda amisa, Wak cxens rZe

moepoveba.

7. honlÀola hinS yumis bo‡oc. 7. misi rZisgan kumiss akeTeben.

8. S‘gaS hin ‡adamlil fa�da

g�llo Jo gel.

8. Wakis rZe adamianisTvis sasargeblo

(`sargebloba mqone~) ram aris.

teqsti 20: oooonnnnssss xarixarixarixari

1. ons way yu…aT g�llo alti

ho‡ocas Jo gel.

1. xari Zalian Zaliani da momuSave

ram aris.

2. hono k�Wkala‡a l'i�oc. 2. mas mazidaSi abmen.

3. ƒonlÀo m�Cena bol'oc ralno

rolca.

3. miT yanas xnaven da kalos lewaven.

205

4. onsis xo r‘ƒal keto gel. 4. xaris xorci saWmelad kargi aris.

5. honlÀos RaSe halÀ ixeCl�

Jo�lal halteJi bo‡oc.

5.mis tyavs fexsacmlisTvis (`fexis

gasaTbob rames~) amuSaveben.

teqsti 21: ‡irmato‡irmato‡irmato‡irmato saxedarisaxedarisaxedarisaxedari

1. ‡irmato way alteJe baƒcas Jo

gel, xasgu ma„arul miCara‡a

fa�da g�llo.

1. saxedari Zalian momuSave ram aris,

gansakuTrebiT xunZebisTvis mravali

sargeblobis mqone.

2. ‡irmato t¾odo gullo Jonna

reJenna alti bo…al keto Jo gel.

2. saxedari zed dadebuli ramis

wasaRebadac (`ramec waiRo ra~)

SemZle (`saqmis keTebad kargi~) ram

aris.

3. mataSki miCa‡a …ahanlÀi libza

hono qiqzi bo‡oc.

3. mraval adgilas amitom mas

inaxaven.

4. ‡irmatos xo runƒa‡a, amma

honlÀos RaSe halteJi bo‡oc.

4. saxedris xorci ar iWmeba, Tumca

mis tyavs amuSaveben.

5. ‡irmato ma„arulaliS k�Wka

gel.

5. saxedari xunZebis mazidi aris.

teqsti 22: si�si�si�si� daTvidaTvidaTvidaTvi

1. alla‡a g�llama …ana‡la

ha�malara‡a biSugun b‘yo gel

si�.

1. CvenTan myofi tyis cxovelebidan

yvelaze didi aris daTvi.

2. si� ‡adamliƒa hinWeC. 2. daTvs adamianis eSinia.

3. amma Ju beCal mi�a‡aCaS biyeda

‡adamlit¾a bokicca, honlÀo hugi

it¾eC.

3. magram mas ar gaanebeben Tavs Tu

icis, adamians axteba da es mas klavs.

4. si� l'ilm‰ giSa gu…a‡a. 4.daTvi zamTarSi gareT ar gamodis.

206

5. honlÀol biSun raccas …ana‡as

fiƒ, niCdi�o Wa box.

5. mas yvelaze metad uyvars tyis

xili da mwvane balax-bulaxi.

6. soso-yol mexla‡a honlÀo xona

runƒCa, amma buRora Jo�laS xo

niRana ruƒa‡a.

6. zogjer (`TiTo-or dros~) is

xorcsac Wams, Tumca mkvdari ramis

xorcs arafriT ar Wams.

7. si�ƒa hinWero ‡adamla

bu…aRoro JorolCor laxbal'ewe

bu…atna beCeC.

7. daTvisgan SeSinebuli adamianebi

mkvdrebiviT gaunZrevlad dawoliT

(`dawvnen ra~) Cerdebian.

8. hunira mexla‡a si� beCalnŠna

honrolno, met¾eC.

8. am dros daTvi amaTac tovebs ra,

midis.

teqsti 23: bebebeberTenrTenrTenrTen qorwiliqorwiliqorwiliqorwili

1. qidna oJena sidihos b‰l'o,

oJdiS i�ona abona met¾eC qid-

bala i�o-abodor nisoldabahad.

1. gogos da biWs erTmaneTi rom

SeuyvardebaT, biWis deda da mama

midian gogos mSoblebTan (`ded-

mamasTan~) saTxovnelad.

2. qidbala i�o-aboƒa nisox: _

miJoS qid �atna� illa oJdi,

iloS …ahano murad gel.

2. gogos mSoblebs eubnebian: _

Tqveni gogo Seiyvara Cvenma biWma, es

Cveni imedi aris.

3. miJeS SiJo nisoc? 3. Tqven ras ityviT?

4. qidbala i�o-abo hanya

monyoraze raJe nil'a‡a.

4. gogos mSoblebi erTxel mosvlaze

ar Tanxmdebian (`sityvas ar amboben~).

5. …ahana kax-lÀaxna gu…‰c. 5. ase or-samjer midian.

6. …ahaddŒTlo berTen ro…al

yuti bŒc.

6. eseni qorwilis dasaniSnad

SeTanxmdebian.

7. qidbala i�o-abo boRzi rŒc,

SiJo haJaT raƒca _ onqro

lasso?

7. gogos mSoblebi moiTxoven, rac

saWiroa (`jarima SeiZleba~) _ fuli

ramdeni?

207

8. begalCa berTennaS zaman. 8. niSnaven qorwilis dros.

9. qidna �eJelilna oJdilaS

wu�abla met¾eC mesed Jo roxal.

9. gogos wayvanisas biWis mxridan

qalebi midian oqroulis sayidad.

10. g�llo Jo raƒlÀo, rŒc

berTen.

10. roca iqneba, qorwils gadauxdian.

11. berTen ro…al hons…odo

arad oJdiS abona qidbaS abona

met¾eC dibirador mahar gulal.

11. qorwilis (`qorwilis

gasakeTeblad~) wina dRes biWis mama

da gogos mama midian molasTan

jvrisweris saTxovnelad.

12. mahar gulnas, hogrol b‰ƒca

beterhan aƒo.

12. jvrisweris Semdeg, isini col-

qmarni xdebian.

13. berTen ro…al honsodo arad

oJdila beJeC qidbala‡a hons

bowilas Jona ƒona litra Rinona.

13. qorwilis gadaxdis wina dRes

biWis mxridan gogosTan mihyavT erTi

saklavi (`cxvris ramec~) da oci

litri Rvino.

14. beTa xiSt¾a roxeTuƒilca

berTen _ qidbala‡na oJdila‡na.

14. mere dilas iwyeba qorwili _

biWTanac da gogosTanac.

15. berTenna b‰ƒca b‘yaro _

qidbalÀd‰Sna oJdilÀd‰Sna.

15. qorwilSi irCeven Tavkacebs _

gogos mxridanac da biWis mxridanac.

16. berTenala b‘yara bŒc yuti

_ niTo �ayal t¾isun.

16. qorwilis Tavkacebi SeTanxmdebian

_ rodis moiyvanon patarZali.

17. begal Ce zaman _ lÀaltada,

oyeltada.

17. mianiSneben dros _ samze, oTxze

(saaTze).

18. qidbala‡ met¾elÀilol adur

rŒc wadi.

18. gogosTan wasvlamde amzadeben wad

19. wadi gel ale, lÀina-ilÀna

ru…ero aleda g�llo.

19. wadi aris toti, xuTi-eqvsi

patara totis mqone.

20. wadilat¾a roxolca ruxora 20. wadize hkideben dakluli ramis

208

Jo ilaS xaba, y�m, kampet,

Rinolis SuSa, biSSun t¾odo

onqro.

fexebs, Tavs, kamfets, Rvinis boTls,

yvelaze maRla ki _ fuls.

21. qidbala‡ met¾eCla‡a, wadi qa‡a

g�llo suko aƒca aradd‰.

21. roca gogosTan midian, xelSi

mwvadis mqone kaci yvelaze win aris

xolme.

22. muRaT‰t¾ g�c hat¾a golo

zurma-yalina Jona, oJdilÀd‰Sa.

22. uknidan fexiT modis dol-zurniT

(`zurna-dol raRaciT~) vaJis mayari.

23. moyoc t¾isulil mahat¾a. 23. modian patarZlis karebTan.

24. giSaqCa qidbalÀd‰S ‘yo. 24. gamodis gogoianTa Tavkaci.

25. haqilCa hiqco wadilat¾a _

SiJo gel?

25. gakvirvebiT aTvalierebn wadis _

ra aris?

26. qamilab Jo regada, …ahdi

royolacoc... hos SuSa zoRda

Rinolis, badina, hos �aza

Rinolis SuSa royola.

26. Tu sisrules rame aklia, es

etyvis... Tu erTi Rvinis boTlia,

ubrZanebs, kidev erTi Rvinis boTli

moitanon.

27. oJdilÀd‰la uyÀa royolilca

yonasna SuSa Rinolis.

27. biWisianebis Taosani moataninebs

Rvinis meore boTlsac.

28. onqro dahab zoRda, onqrosna

royolilca.

28. Tu fuli ecotaveba (`cota

iqneba~), fulsac moataninebs.

29. g�llo Jo tubazi rŒlÀ,

qibbala‡la yabulna rŒna roqiCCa

wadi.

29. yvelafris Sesrulebis Semdeg,

gogosianebi Tanxmdebian da iReben

wadis.

30. qibbala‡la rahzi �Œc ‡anc

me‡aC, oJdila‡Sa qibbala‡a yawwo

bŒc ixdilaT sid-yol-lÀalca

sa‡aTba‡a.

30. gogos momxreebi kmayofildebian,

kars aReben, biWisa da gogos mayrebi

erTad erTobian erTi-ori-sami saaTis

ganmavlobaSi.

31. beTa begala mexla‡a moyolca 31. Semdeg daniSnul dros moyavT

209

maSina t¾isun �eJal. manqana patarZlis wasayvanad.

32. araT oJdilaSa moyolÀol

xoxt¾a ho‡ot¾a boxolca kobalalÀ

WemuW kirmaTad oJdilalÀd‰la

beqla nuwoc.

32. windawinve, biWisianebis mosvlamde

xeze, maRla joxze kidebs kvercxs,

romelic biWis mayrebma unda

Camoagdon.

33. Tofilad WemuWlÀo beqilCaS

…ahaqcol gel fadarqa _

t¾isunli rŒro winda.

33. TofiT kvercxs (vinc) Camoagdebs,

misTvis aris saCuqari _ patarZlis

moqsovili winda.

34. beqilloJuna …ahaqcol riƒoc

winda.

34. CamogdebisTanave mas ergeba winda.

35. bil'oR‰ maSina baRoc

qidbala‡ kadaRa et¾ena oJdi

�ayolilca t¾isun.

35. manqanas miayeneben gogos saxlis

kibeebTan, biWi midis patarZlis

gamosayvanad.

36. muRaTT‰, maSinalt¾a yere

beCeC t¾isunna hoql'os Sebla‡

qo…ana.

36. ukan, manqanaSi sxdebian patarZali

da misi mejvareebi.

37. Soferilla Sebla‡a yere eCeC

oJe

37. mZRolis gverdiT jdeba vaJi.

38. giSa baqCa, kirkar moxeC

yarali�a‡, trasalt¾a, beTa met¾eC

oJdila‡.

38. gamodian gareT, gaiseirneben

yvarelSi, trasaze, Semdeg midian

biWTan.

39. oJdila‡ qezi�aƒca oJdiS i�o

kadaRa, t¾isulli xabalaT

biSelCa TefSi gel.

39. biWTan (saxlSi) moegebeba biWis

deda kibesTan, (sadac) patarZlisagan

gasatexi TefSia.

40. TefSi biSellÀo yawwara

bat¾elCa faT.

40. TefSis gatexis mere yvela taSs

ukravs.

41. oJdila i�o Wal'eC kampet

xalyli‡.

41. biWis deda kamfets urigebs

xalxs.

210

42. beTa t¾isun endoqCa bil'o‡o. 42. Semdeg patarZali Sedis saxlSi.

43. raƒca berTen �aRoc, t¾isunna

lÀiSot¾a‡a, nicca fadarqa.

43. kidev iqneba qorwili,

patarZalsac acekveben, aZleven

saCuqrebs.

44. …ahana‡ bŒc ixTilaT: beSCas,

xul'oc yawwaso, zurma-yali

raƒca, lÀiSo, qeWla raƒca, sa‡aT

awol yolt¾a qiCal.

44. isini erTobian (`garTobas

akeTeben~): Wamen, svamen yvelani,

zurna-dols ukraven, cekva, simRerebi

aris xolme, Tormet saaTamde

grZeldeba.

informatori: mahomedhaji ramazanis Ze

musaevi, dab. 1956 w., sof. tlada-

li, ganaTleba _ umaRlesi, qimi-

kos-biologi, muSaobs Cantlis-

yuris saSualo skolaSi direto-

ris moadgiled. 26.08.2010.

teqsti 24: balequ…adas �qiW�rbalequ…adas �qiW�rbalequ…adas �qiW�rbalequ…adas �qiW�r balequvadas zRaparibalequvadas zRaparibalequvadas zRaparibalequvadas zRapari

1. zuyona ge� habot¾a betelhanna

aƒona _ balequ…ada habot¾a.

1. wisqvilSi iyvnen qmari da coli _

balequvadas wisqvilSi.

2. xiSt¾abeƒƒa ha‡ona �Rona

nisd�qi�o mex.

2. dilidan fqavdnen qumels da dadga

saRamos Jami.

3. nisd‰qlÀo nisona ge�: _ he�,

do ‡al'‰d‰na� �et¾eS, yo…ana

fariyaT bŒs, iwwa �Ro… aRo�

xona zizana �ayos; xona �ayona

nist‰ besal.

3. Sebindebisas uTxra: _ hei, me

sofelSi waval, bavSvebsac

davaJamkreb, axal qumelTan xorcs

Sevwvav; xorcs movitan da saRamos

vWamoT.

4. aƒ‰ ha�man Jona farayaT �ohna

gi�al, �aƒna g�‡a.

4. colma saqoneli da ramerumeebi

daabinava, veRar wavida.

5. hoql'ola sifaTbat¾a Sa�tan 5. misive saxis eSmaki (àris~) movida

211

ge� moyona hoqcodo�. mis Soriaxlo.

6. moyŒ-l'o habot¾aqŒ, t¾apun

�uWna xo zizas wot¾a.

6. wisqvilSi movidao, maSinve daWra

xorci da wvavs cecxlSi.

7. xo zizasla‡a h‘yo mic me�o

wo‡o.

7. xorcis Sewvisas (`wvavs ra~) didi

ena Seagdo cecxlSi.

8. wo‡ micna mŠhna beTago woƒna

ge� xabal‰ƒa.

8. cecxlSi enac Seagdo ra,mere ki

Sexeda fexebze.

9. xab‰ ge� muRaTd‰. 9. fexebi aqvs uknidan.

10. beTTa si�od �i…al? 10. mere ra vqna?

11. hocco hul'oƒ‰ honk baRol'

hiwwo eqilÀca hini.

11. sazarelia, xma rom gasces, SiSs

hgvris igi.

12. lÀaca�na boqCina nil'na lÀit¾a

mŠS hini.

12. saceri aiRo ra, misca da wyalze

gzavnis mas (eSmaks).

13. lÀit¾ana moyolÀ lÀi �okCi�o,

lÀi �eca‡a lÀaca�a‡a.

13. wyalze misvlis Semdeg, wyali

aiRo, wyali ar Cerdeba sacerSi.

14. �okCi�o-l'o �eCa‡as-l'o, lÀi

�eƒe‡e Saitallil.

14. rom aiRo, ar Cerdebao _ wyali

ver moipova eSmakma.

15. t¾‰ gu�o-l'o Sa�tan. 15. ukan dabrunda eSmaki.

16. t¾‰l hocco ‡acna ReSena, 16. ukan misvlamde karic Caketa.

17. t¾‰ hocco... qaqlis yulhu-

alhamna ƒohna, keto �aJe nisona

eCena ge�.

17. ukan modis... namazis locvebic

waikiTxa, kargi sityvac Tqva da

gaCerda.

18. …ahada �oyolco zuyŒ balÀa�,

maWa endu …ahadi�a alÀo…lat¾‰:

Je inxeS, Je inxeS! _ hinWena huli

‡adam niSe-xiSe�.

18. is xmal-xanjals urWobda SigniT

am (karis) Riobebidan: axla momxvdeba,

axla momxvdeba! _ eSinoda am adamians

mTeli Rame.

19. t¾odo gelÀe�o t¾ama baƒca

ma‡aruƒ-beJt¾a, Cardaql‰t¾a.

19. maRla baniani da sxveniani

saxuravi aris xolme mTaSi _

212

beJitaSi.

20. …ahli hol'o‡ hil'o‡ hil'ena

hinis Sa�talla, yawo bakna.

20. aman aqeT dauZaxa Tavis eSmakebs,

erTad moagrova.

21. niSe-xiSe� zurma-yali, diƒni

zurma-yali zuyo�o t¾odo.

21. mTeli Rame zurna-doli, zurna-

dolis xmauri iyo maRla.

22. l'i�o hugi ge�-l'o _ yulhu-

alhamna ƒohna eCena.

22. dabla is aris _ locvebi

waikiTxa da gaCerda.

23. …odo xiSelÀol qaCelÀna, boƒ

mexe�a mexla‡il sassi�aƒna honk

�on‡�ol'o.

23. gaTenebisas iriJraJa, mzis

mofenis dros xma minelda da miwyda.

24. gowoƒlÀol haboƒa: `xau‡!~

`xau‡!~ `xau‡!~ _ �oWWo habo

�ohd‰s-l'o.

24. Sexeda Tu ara wisqvils: `xau!~

`xau!~ `xau!~ _ calieri wisqvili

muSaobs.

25. hudi …ahla milaJe�o JoCo�

hinxlÀona.

hula, …ahdona xaba�!

25. es am gayinul ramesaviT

darCenila.

ai, esec ambavi!

mTqmeli: uneizaT jabaris as. xalilova

(ix. gv. ).

teqsti 25: bicank‰bicank‰bicank‰bicank‰ gamocanebigamocanebigamocanebigamocanebi

1. xiSat¾a boccas, niSe boWolÀCaS

(halalÀco),

1. diliT savse, saRamoTi calieri

(fexsacmeli)

2. anRa t¾orzirŒlÀ micgi giSaqCo

Jo (Ciraƒ),

2. yuris datrialebis Semdeg enis

gamomyofi ram (lamfa)

3. onyena is yawwo �ohd‰c

(uaWala),

3. oTxi da erTad muSaobs (saqsovi

Cxirebi)

4. bizol' hugida� _ hol'da�

beqelaro (haswiwla),

4. goris aqeT-iqiT gvelebi (wamwmebi)

213

5. mi et¾eRa, met¾eCaS Jo

(idocco)

5. Sen midixar, isic modis (`modis

raRaca~) (Crdili).

6. xolo‡o qid (aRalal'Co), 6. xorcSi goo (sayure).

7. …ana‡a xo (ankŒ yora), 7. xeSi (`tyeSi~) xorci (akvanSi

bavSvi).

mTqmeli: hahiSaT mahomedova, dab. 1953

w., tladali, saSualo ganaTlebiT,

diasaxlisi. 21.08.2010.

214

IIIIIIII.... hunziburi dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti hunziburi dialeqti

leqsleqsleqsleqs----simRerebisimRerebisimRerebisimRerebi

qeWlaqeWlaqeWlaqeWla JagindoJagindoJagindoJagindo

1.

teqsti 26: JagindoJagindoJagindoJagindo

marat¾ boƒno mexen lo,

h–ra …ex½an et¾en lo,

alis musan ayen lo _

�arCe, �arCe, Jagindo!

1.

mTas mzec moefina,

naxirSi mwyemsic wavida,

alis musac movida _

gaiRviZe, gaiRviZe, Jagindo!

2. qaCu duni�al mawan lo,*

boco met¾er �aƒun lo,

mo„l'u elCor �utun lo,

�arCe, �arCe, Jagindo!

2. naTeli qveyana ixila,

(erTi) Tve gavida,

sakmarisi Zili eZina _


3. hare nuwur �aƒun lo,

aRu mi�a biyen lo,

i�an-lÀe‡an �iyen lo,

�arCe, �arCe, Jagindo.

3. Tvalebi gaaxila,

àRu~-s Tqma iswavla,

tiril-Rimilic SeZlo (`gaigo~) _


4. za�bulzabiras qid lo,

Razilalli �aƒur lo,

moɺRu saRlÀinno nul'ob,

bˆxˆl „urmulis �aƒob!

4. zaibulzabiras gogona aris

RazilalT dabades,

dae, tanjanmrTeli iyos,

grZeli sicocxle hqondes!

* pirveli strofis garda, leqsis avtoria m. rasulovi. pirvel strofs ramdenime

varianti moepoveba [ix. van den bergi 1995: 143]. ai, erTi maTgani:

�arCe, �arCe, Jagindu! adeqi, adeqi, Jagindo!

xoxt¾o boƒno mayen lo, xeze mzec amovida,

nˆ‡ikiman reqen li SratSi yvelic Cavarda,

enxet¾ a�…an nayen li. xevze saqonelic movida.

215

teqsti 27:

**** **** ****

sˆd qidbol di‡i keke nˆl'–r,

keke dˆ gud‹ Wal'er.

gudil di‡i ƒoƒla nˆl'–r,

ƒoƒla dˆ hemŒɺ nˆl'–r.

hemoɺl di‡i oJen nˆl'–r,

oJe dˆ hasa-musa i�er.

hasal di‡i …ˆda nˆl'–r,

…ˆda dˆ miCŒɺ ni�er.

miCol di‡i muye nˆl'–r,

muye dˆ h–but¾ reJŠr.

Tˆ‡an Tˆn h–but¾on hŒɺn.

iCil �ulon iCil abolon

nuƒun ax‰ni�en rolen li:

`xurup-xarap~, `xurup-xarap~.

**** **** ****

erTma gogom me biWoni momca,

biWoni me qaTams davubnie.

qaTamma me kvercxi momca,

kvercxi me boZs miveci.

boZma me vaJi momca,

vaJi me camyars gavugzavne.

cam me wvima momca,

wvima me miwas gavugzavne.

miwam me marcvali momca,

marcvali me wisqvilSi waviRe,

wisqvilma safqvavi dafqva.

moxucma dedam da mamam

Wames da gaaTaves:

`xrap-xrupi~, `xrap-xrupi~.

teqsti 28:

**** **** ****

�a, alla, nayob qiqiru …ˆd–!

…ˆd– nayel' nˆs–n, al'‰ mu…aCa.

�a, alla, zˆRido wˆ ru…a hudu,

wˆ go ɺC-l'e nˆs–n, bo ɺkl‰ be�aCa.

�a, alla, bo ɺƒob ƒussu bo ɺk!

ƒussu bok lol' nˆs–n, hel'u…a �o…aw‰.

**** **** ****

hoi, RmerTo, dae, movides JuJuna wvima!

wvima movides-Tqo _ vityviT, sofelSi

gaviparebodiT.

hoi, RmerTo, ar gvqondes cecxlis

asanTebad SeSa,

cecxli ar ariso_ vityviT da loginSi

davwvebiT.

hoi, RmerTo, iyos viwro logini!

viwro loginiao _ vityviT, movexveviT da

CavexutebiT.

216

teqsti 29:

ˆwlˆwlˆwlˆwlÀÀÀÀ––––n xiJer hunzaldosan xiJer hunzaldosan xiJer hunzaldosan xiJer hunzaldosa

hunzibelebi axleburad Seicvalhunzibelebi axleburad Seicvalhunzibelebi axleburad Seicvalhunzibelebi axleburad Seicvalnennennennen

1. belÀer, mˆzes t¾amu loder

ƒoƒo arto zuyur ildos.

Sifer, qilla t¾odo ni‡er,

ƒalar roɺƒur hunzallidos.

1. swori, Tixis saxuraviani

iyo Cveni saxlebi adre.

SifriTa da rkiniT daxurul

saxlebs aSeneben (axla) hunzibe-

lebi.

2. –nz t¾amet¾os �olla arto

nˆy– zuyur, hudos ru…oC.

boldozerlid Je nˆy–ldo

ma�danlÀeru hˆni ru…Œɺ

2. banidan Tovlis gadmosaxvetad adre

saxveta iyo, xisgan gakeTebuli.

axla buldozeris daniT

moedaniviT gzebs akeTeben.

3. `yolt¾a-yona riye‡es niRe~ _

bu…ŒɺC zuyur anrto ile.

t¾Œɺdos ƒodaban rut¾uru

Je ˆw maye lÀa� loderu.

3. òrjer oris ucodinari nahadelebi~ _

uwin ambobdnen Cvenze.

umaRles damTavrebuli (`swavlada-

mTavrebuli~),

mcodne axalgazrdebi modian axla.

4. zurma, calu, tampuralt¾o

berTin zuyur bu…oC anrto.

arRan, �amaxa mˆƒ–k–n,

lÀiSu ru…o, maRu SeSen.

4. zurniT, doliT da fanduriT

winaT qorwils ixdidnen.

(axla) arRans, iamaxas iSovnian,

cekvaven, tans aqneven.

5. Sugur _ ˆrmatar loderu

beCedab nˆsro zuyur.

yipla, Jiguli roxoru

„oloƒanla ildos baƒur.

5. cxen-virebis myoli

mdidrad iTvleboda.

(axla) jipebisa da Jigulebis myidveli

Cveni axalgazrdebic gaxdnen.

6. bi�erarno biya nuwŒɺr, 6. umcrosebsac gageba unda,

217

b•yalgono T‰ ɺwa nuwŒɺr.

alJam, JurJa So‡okitto,

„umru miJus mi�a nuwŒɺr.

ufrosebsac unda mousmino (ùyuro~).

samoTxe, jojoxeTi ar unda daiviwyoT,

Tqveni cxovreba ase unda galioT.

teqsti 30:

ma„arul xaly batar loma„arul xaly batar loma„arul xaly batar loma„arul xaly batar lo

xunZi xalxi sayvareliaxunZi xalxi sayvareliaxunZi xalxi sayvareliaxunZi xalxi sayvarelia

1. maru-ralÀad loderu,

naci Telli lideru,

qavqazliJu met¾eru,

daRisTan lo biyÀeru.

1. mTisa da zRvis (`mTa-zRvis~) mqone,

bevri erovnebis myoli,

kavkasiaSi Semavali

daRestani aris cnobili.

2. din islam li eReru,

„urusal li iyÀeru,

imam Samil oɺƒuru,

‡al' li gimri nˆs–ru.

2. islamis rwmenisTvis mebrZoli,

rusulis mcodne,

imam Samilis dambadebeli

aris sofeli, gimrad wodebuli.

3. raRlis coɺr Samilis lo,

rot¾ul Sa„ir mamud lo,

raJis usTar rasul lo _

ma„arul xaly batar lo.

3. Samili aris saxeliani omiT,

mahmudi aris _ sasiyvarulo

SairebiT,

rasuli aris sityvis ostati _

xunZi xalxi sayvarelia.

teqsti 31:

oooo ɺɺ ɺɺrRunno orRunno orRunno orRunno o ɺɺ ɺɺnuxnonuxnonuxnonuxno

arRuni da arRuni da arRuni da arRuni da anuxianuxianuxianuxi

1. hˆd– zuyur _ So‡on li,

ni�o raƒurun _ riyat;

oɺbud o ɺbu Tuƒun li _

JidŠno roɺkt¾o nayat.

1. rodis iyo, damviwyebia,

sad momxdara, ar vici;

mama-papas (`mamis mamas~) gaugonia _

isinic ver ixseneben.

2. h–ns zuyun lo, zuyun goɺC

maRurdi iCil gedu,

ketayos hare b–cdu

2. iyo da ara iyo ra,

(iyo) xvadi beberi kata,

marjvena TvaliT brma

218

t¾ˆsan r–y–Cos miR-roɺC. kuds miaTrevda, rogorc sabels.

3. iCil oɺbu mˆƒ–n lo

bi‡er gedu, boɺyun lo;

coɺru oɺnux gulun li,

canis hino Tixen li.

3. papas upovnia ra

patara kata, mouyvania;

saxelad anuxi daurqmeviaT,

Txis rZiT gaukvebiaT.

4. oɺrRun coɺr lider Jint¾o,

iCil oɺbu zuyun lo.

bel'elrig l'is o ɺƒdono,

bil'et¾ et¾eC zuyun lo.

4. mas saxelad arRuni rqmevia,

beberi mama yofila.

oTxmoci wlis rom yofila,

sanadirod dadioda.

5. qami goɺCen TuxolÀ xon,

canis …–t¾t¾o �uxxu hin.

oɺnux mawan bˆylen lo,

boSer, ka‡ab baƒun lo.

5. xandaxan aWmevdnen xorcs,

yoveldRe _ Txis Tbil rZes.

anuxi TvalSi gazrdila,

msuqani, zarmaci gamxdara.

6. ogu niSodno niSen

karl'en, guhlan lo beCen.

oɺybaRur muRal' met¾en

nˆ…Œɺƒeken goɺC rit¾en.

6. igi dRe da Rame

daZrwoda, qurdobda da arsebobda.

Tagvebs aRar dasdevda kudSi,

aRar iWerda da klavda.

7. nuxa-naxen reCerar,

bul'is ro ɺƒur ruhlelar;

oɺyba roɺƒdon karbal'en,

met¾eC zuy‹ mˆƒ–k–n.

7. aqeT-iqiT trialebda,

saxlis qonebas afuWebda;

romc daenaxa morbenali Tagvebi,

ar midioda dasaWerad.

8. boɺk-laWin b–llal t–t–r,

hattu-muyeno nuƒur.

mi�en: `Rur-Rur~, `Rur-Rurno~,

feCliRur butŒɺr Juno.

8. loginsa da tansacmels xevda,

fqvil-xorbals Wamda.

knaoda: `miau~, `miau~,

RumelTanve eZina.

9. oɺyba rit¾a met¾itto, 9. Tagvebis dasaWerad ar dadioda,

219

mi�a…dan Ju beCen lo.

guhl‰ met¾ŒɺC nawitto,

hare rahun mayen lo.

knaoda da nebivrobda.

saqurdlad wava, ver dainaxavs _

TvaldaTxrili movida.

10. oɺrRun altuƒan zuyur,

oɺnux t¾odobeS boɺƒur.

sˆdis-h–ns „amal belÀ‹s,

iCiballolÀ lÀelÀ beC‹s.

10. arRuni muSa iyo,

anuxi umaqnisi gaxda.

erTmaneTs veRar gauges,

sibereSi erTad ar gaCerdnen.

11. bul'i Jo ru…‹s y–ra

oɺnuxl'er bŒ ɺƒar –gra.

ru…oCos Jideg roɺƒur,

bŒɺƒ bˆyalolÀ oɺrRunlÀer.

11. Sin umaqnisi (`ramis vermqmneli~)

bavSvebi

(ìsini~) anuxs daemsgavsebian.

vinc moqmedni iqnebian,

didebi arRuniviT moiqcevian.

avtor-mTqmeli: mahomed gazis Ze ra-

sulovi, dabad. 1949 w., sof.

belTi, riTlabis r-ni (CeCne-

Ti), 1957 wels dabrunda sa-

rusoSi, warmoSobiT RarbuT-

lelia. umaRlesi ganaTlebiT,

skolis direqtori da Tavisi

xalxis didi moamage.

14.08.2010.

teqsti 31:

…………––––dis bokd‰rldis bokd‰rldis bokd‰rldis bokd‰rlÀÀÀÀi i i i ((((harihariharihari))))

wvimis savedrebeliwvimis savedrebeliwvimis savedrebeliwvimis savedrebeli

hasat¾os ramaT nˆl'ob,

miCot¾os barqaT mayob,

dˆb–d wobli …ˆd nayob,

la‡ilaha, ilala!

cidan wyaloba mogvces,

miwidan baraqa movides,

Seni, wyalobiT wvima movides,

lailaha ilala!

220

la‡ilaha ilala,

la‡ilaha ilala,

la‡ilaha ilala,

muamad-ras�la!

lailaha ilala,

lailaha ilala,

lailaha ilala,

muhamed-rasulo!

teqsti 32:

**** **** ****

i�u buholÀ l'ile l'ibat¾o

met¾Œɺr,

m– �eCa�eru d– saRur �ent¾a?

**** **** ****

dedis sikvdilis Semdeg batkani

foTolze wava

Seni mitovebuli me visTan wavide?

teqsti: 33

**** **** ****

�ataral'en roxor dara�os

qunTa,

�at‹sdolo, lÀiWolÀ mˆƒara

�iSob!

atoɺro-l'en ru…or bawaras

wˆndar

at‹sdolo, gˆxolÀ hale

JuJbeqob!

ha, dila dalala�,

dilah dalala�.

�at‹sdolo lÀiWolÀ mˆƒara

�iSob!

**** **** ****

SeyvarebulisTvis nayidi daraias

kaba,

Tu ar uyvars, Cacmis Semdeg welSi

gadatydes!

SeyvarebulisTvis momzadebuli

bawris windebi,

Tu ar uyvars, Cacmis Semdeg dae,

fexi moZvres!

hai, dalale, dalale,

dala dalale.

visac ar uyvars, Cacmis mere welSi

gadatydes!

teqsti 34:

**** **** ****

**** **** ****

1. bi�er, gerdu apa,

SuralÀer hare,

1. patara, mrgvali fexi,

mZiviviT Tvalebi,

221

babal wundu gogor _

�atat lÀulÀupa.

Ria wiTeli loyebi _

ar uyvars manWva-grexa.

2. beCe, beCe, qidba,

bahal baƒ‰yo!

genin eSno nˆl'Œ ɺr,

oqro-mesed go ɺC.

2. moicaT, moicaT, gogoebo,

Wkvidan nu SeiSlebiT!

msxalsa da vaSls mogcemT,

uqro-vercxli ar maqvs.

teqsti 35:

**** **** ****

ildo ril'Œdalas

yaridab ‡al' li.

Wixxu met¾en sal'adi�a

qur‰�a maCe gaisu

TualeTl‹ met¾a

quro-maralÀ met¾a nuwu.

**** **** ****

Cveni _ nahadelebis

sofeli Raribi aris.

Sors unda waxvide tanSi gasasvlelad,

xevSi adgili ar aris.

tualetSi wasasvlelad

mTa-ruebSi unda waxvide.

mTxrobeli: anisaT isaeva, dabad.

1956 w., riTlabis r-ni sof.

belTi. 1957 wels gadmosax-

lda sarusoSi. gaTxovilia

RarbuTlelze. 8 klasis

ganaTlebiT. 12.08.2009.

‡adaTla‡adaTla‡adaTla‡adaTla, , , , xabarlaxabarlaxabarlaxabarla, , , , aqiWarlaaqiWarlaaqiWarlaaqiWarla

teqsti 36: a�gomis ‡alia�gomis ‡alia�gomis ‡alia�gomis ‡ali

weswesweswes----CveulebaniCveulebaniCveulebaniCveulebani, , , , ambavaebiambavaebiambavaebiambavaebi, , , , zRapzRapzRapzRaprebirebirebirebi

aiaiaiaigomis aligomis aligomis aligomis ali

1. hˆns sukun lol'e a�gomis

‡ali olÀus aƒen ƒunna beCerar

a�…an-bowin Jides qiqsi

ru…on l'immo.

1. erTi kaci _ saxelad aigomis ali

da misi coli xutorSi iyvnen, raTa

zamTarSi saqoneli SeenaxaT.

222

2. Ju ‡alin zuyur-l'e yu…aTa…,

zalima… suku.

2. Tavad alic Zlieri, uzarmazari

kaci yofila.

3. honsun ‡ali, bul'i �eCa�en

aƒƒen, et¾en lo-l'e bˆl–t¾.

3. erTxel alis, Sin dautovebia ra

coli, sanadirod wasula Turme.

4. olÀus zuyun li-l'e bekiWen

met¾er totno beqleCos

berdenka Tofin Weƒgar

bekiWyos s–r�on.

4. mas hqonda Turme mfrinavi

(`gafrinda ra wavida~) buzis

Camomgdebi berdana Tofi da

CitiviT mfrinavi cxeni.

5. –g et¾er _ iyenken, Sugulat¾

mayen lo-l'e iƒla (kaCaxal).

5. is wavidao _ gaugiaT ra, cxenebiT

mosulan TuSebi (yaCaRebi).

6. iƒlallo ‡alis aƒe Sugulat¾

gilen �eJa muxen lo.

6. TuSebma alis coli cxenze Sesves

da wayvana daupires.

7. �eJa�d ‡alid aƒal harzi

ru…on li: _ h–ns Jingo xox-

t¾o �et¾en roɺku giho ni�en

qeW il'kek, bedo �eJo-l'en.

7. wayvanamde alis coli Sevedrebia: _

erT xeze aval da guls daviwyna-

reb, simRera maTqmevineT, mere

wamiyvaneTo.

8. b–rdal bolÀus hari tubazi

bu…on xoxt¾o �i�en qeW

il'eken lo.

8. maT misi Txovna SeusrulebiaT, rom

xeze asuls simRera eTqva.

9. biSSun h––nru, bˆyyu xoxdo

kocin �et¾en raƒƒur rˆyyu

roɺJe ni�en il'en lo-l'e:

9. yvelaze maRali, didi xis kenweroze

asula da maRali xmiT tiril-

gareuli (`tiroda ra~) simRera

(`sityva~) uTqvams Turme:

10. …a�, a�gomis ‡ali, a�gomis ‡ali,

iƒlallo �ˆƒ–k–n �eJe �ati d–.

ni�olo m– eCen, qomagli ˆnƒit.

xexlit¾o m– anyid, d– b–rdal �eJe.

10. vai, aigomis ali, aigomis ali,

TuSebma damiWires ra, Cemi wayvana undaT!

Sen sad xar, rom ar mexmarebi.

Tu male ar moxval, isini me wamiyvanen.

11. qeWno il'en, l'ˆr– �ayolÀdi�a

‡alil Suguladon Jinlon

11. simReris TqmisTanave, Zirs

Camosvlamde alis cxensac da

223

t¾o…aƒ-l'en bi�at¾en tu…aten

lo iƒla.

Tavadac gadauTeliaT, dauxociaT

da gadauyriaT yaCaRebi.

teqsti 37:

bbbb––––llll''''us zabanus zabanus zabanus zaban*

xvnis droxvnis droxvnis droxvnis dro

1. mexno bˆxl–n emedoqolÀ, b–l'u

bu…a zaban mayer.

1. daTba Tu ara gazafxulze, xvnis

droc dadga.

2. b–l'u raha qiqzi ru…orar

nexalados onsu ro ɺƒ.

2. nahadelebi xvnisTvis inaxaven xarebs.

3. moɺTelallis Jonga onsig il',

mansurlallis samaT nˆs–n ons

qiqsi bu…o.

3. maTelaT xars jongas eZaxian,

mansuraT xars ki _ samaTs

(uwodeben) da inaxaven.

4. l'ini òɺqCa~ Jonga onsil

boɺhu, samaT-onsil `mo ɺnl'a~

l'ini boɺhu.

4. zamTars jonga xutor àqCaSi~

atarebs, samaT-xari ki `monTlaSi~

atarebs (zamTars).

5. emedoqolÀ ƒunnalas a�…an

al'‰n r–y–n, bedo marat¾ ni�a

adur ru…o.

5. gazafxulze xutoridan saqonels

morekaven, Semdeg mTaSi wasasxmelad

moamzadeben.

6. Jib-Jib uballo Jides onsu

riJadŒɺ„ulu korma gulun,

l'inni kot roho.

6. yoveli Tuxumi Tavis xars

gasamarjveblad sakvebs uyris,

zamTarSi kargad aWmevs.

7. Jidesno Jided onsusno coɺrar

boɺƒa batolÀ.

7. Tavisi da xaris saxelebi undaT,

rom gamarjvebuli iyos.

8. b–l'u bu…a�d honsun onsu

ƒunnalas Jib reRa ral'e

roɺhu.

8. yanis moxvnamde xutorSi namyof

TiToeul xars sabZolad wreSi

Seagdeben.

* gazafxulze xvnis dawyebasTan dakavSirebuli ritualia.

224

9. ubalis uballo rokolen

oqros, kamp–tka, kalati rox.

9. Tuxumebi akrefen oqros, kamfetebs,

namcxvrebs.

10. –grad onsun xaza�nlin nˆl'a

fadarqar adur bu…o.

10. maTi xarebis patronebs gadasacemad

saCuqrebs umzadeben.

11. SelalÀ nˆc–n wundar ReWi�an

i�irgad reRka ni�‡e.

11. rqebze moaxveven wiTel lentebs da

rigrigobiT sabZolvelad moiyvanen.

12. qiqirar onsu reRk–n rololÀ

b–do riyyar onsu roɺl'l'e

roɺhu.

12. jer patara xarebs abrZoleben, mere

did xarebs Semoiyvanen wreSi.

13. –ga rol'l'e Jongan, samaT nˆs–n

onsu.

13. aseve abrZoleben jongad da samaTad

wodebul xarebs.

14. Jonga boɺƒ moSemet¾er, xottu,

anwwu Selu lider.

14. jonga aris mokle, msxvili,

maxvilrqiani.

15. samaT ons bo ɺƒ mata haldu

bˆx–met¾er.

15. xari samaTi aris pirTeTri, grZeli.

16. SelalÀ nˆc–n roɺCan r–y–Cos

onsu r–s–lit roɺƒ reRadi�a.

16. rqebze Tokmobmul xarebs veRar

iWeren, romlebic sabrZolvelad

iweven.

17. lidder xaly bokamˆƒ– ma�dan-

li.

17. mTeli xalxi moedanze ikribeba.

18. gor bu…on s–r– beCe. 18. wres kraven da irgvliv Cerdebian.

19. sˆdgo-h–ns r–s–litto, yanun

onsa reRa rekariW.

19. TiTo-TiTos veRar akaveben, orive

xari brZolas iwyebs.

20. bˆyyu bu…or gor ‡elit roɺƒ

onsu deno-bedo y–l'–laban.

20. farTod gaSlili wrec ki aRar

yofnis xarebis aqeT-iqiT rqenas.

21. sa‡iTbaldo sˆdi-h–ns ye�

nˆl'it re�aRe –gra.

21. saaTobiT arc erT maTgans ar unda

wageba.

225

22. Selu anwwu �anƒolÀ, Si�o

nˆsdon, Jonga onsil samaT ons

xˆr–k.

22. rqamaxvili xari rom iyo jonga, rac

ginda Tqvi, samaT-xari gatexa.

23. al'en-bul'en samaT muCe xˆr–

_ los.

23. samaTi yviriliT garboda.

24. Jonga onsid SelalÀ nˆc–

biJeros ReWila karl'eken

fadarqar, ni�ar Jo, ons biJer

xaza�n‹ nˆl' oqron fadarqan.

24. jonga-xars rqebze moaxvies naWris

saCuqrebi, (Camokides) tkbileuli,

gamarjvebuli xaris patrons aZleven

fulsa da saCuqrebs.

25. ‡al'al ro ɺyur ni�ar Jo

roɺl'e Wal'en ridera�lo nuƒ.

25. soflis (xalxis) motanil

tkbileuls wreSi mimofantaven.

26. ‡al'‰ adab-ƒaTir loder suku

Jama‡aTlil uxen angaS, ‡al'as

kottun coɺsan roɺl'e rahun.

26. sofelSi pativsacemi kaci xalxs

esaubreba, Tu soflisTvis ra aris

kargi da ra cudi.

27. bedo beRen biJer onsilÀ

guTanin nexelen ‡al'al ‡adab

bu…oCos sukulon, ons biJer

xaza�nlon artodoɺs ro ɺx

roɺhu.

27. Semdeg gamarjvebul xars guTanSi

Seabamen, soflis Tavkaci da

gamarjvebuli xaris patroni pirvel

kvals gaavleben.

28. bedo yamis yanlo ba�bix½il

bu…o b–l'u bu…a.

28. Semdeg wyvil-wyvilad yvela

daiwyebs xvnas.

mTqmeli: mahomed rasulovi (ix. gv.).

teqsti 38:

qosas aqiWarqosas aqiWarqosas aqiWarqosas aqiWar

qosas zRapariqosas zRapariqosas zRapariqosas zRapari

1. h–ns zuyun lo, zuyun lo xan,

olÀus zuyun lo ‡ol'no aƒe.

1. iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi mefe,

mas hyavda Svidi coli.

2. ‡ol'il aƒ‰ beterbaƒi bu…a 2. Svidive colisTvis qonebis

mosapoveblad (`gasakeTeblad~)

226

ent¾eC zuyur lo beterhan. midioda qmari.

3. aƒal nˆs-l'e: _ oqro goɺC-l'e

_ sˆdl-o nˆs-l'e, oqro go ɺC-

l'e _ bolÀul nˆs-l'e

3. colebma uTxres: _ fuli ar ariso

_ erTma uTxra, fuli ar ariso _

sxvamac Tqva.

4. _ Je Si�o ru…a? ni�o ent¾a?

xanlil nˆs-l'i.

4. _ axla ra gavakeTo? sad wavide? _

Tqva mefem Turme.

5. _ ni�o et¾‰? _ at¾ŒC et¾el'

_ nˆs-l'e.

5. _ sad wvides? sadac ginda wavides

_ Tqveso.

6. ent¾olÀ hˆnihˆd ˆnƒ‰ril'er

qosa.

6. wasvlis Semdeg gzad qosa

Semoeyara.

7. qosa hˆnihˆd suku anwolÀ unCe-

l'e.

7. qosa, gzaSi adamianis naxvis Semdeg,

gaqcevas apirebda.

8. _ ni�o uCŒɺr? deno nˆ, deno

nˆ! _ olÀul nˆs-l'e.

8. _ sad garbixar? aq modi, aq modi!

_ man uTxra Turme.

9. _ niC oƒƒo, qosa lo dˆ. 9. _ mrcxvenia, me qosa var.

10. olÀul nˆs-l'e: _ dˆ bu…a

dˆbi bilaJba.

10. _ mas uTqvams: _ Sen me wverebs

gagikeTeb.

11. canis mi�er-l'e moɺga

motolt¾o.

11. ciknis tyavi miakres Turme saxeze.

12. ol'no …ˆda anwa eC‰yo-l'e

‡adamli.

12. Svidi dRe adamianma ar naxoso.

13. –g‰ eCer-l'e ‡adamlil anwa

eCitto canid bilaJbat¾.

13. iq darCa, rom adamians ar enaxa

Tiknis wveriani.

14. bedo et¾en lo xanlid ƒoƒo. 14. Semdeg wavida mefis sasaxleSi.

15. miRad xololÀ ohonno

utkelenlo.

15. dumis xorci aWames da daaZines.

16. niSe ax ruhlen li. 16. RamiT muceli astkivda.

227

17. giSo et¾a …aba roɺƒolÀ hinWen

lo.

17. ZaRlebis gamo gareT gasvlisa

SeeSinda.

18. moCe go�lÀ, Caqmali endu

sal'en li.

18. adgili ar iyo ra, Sig CeqmaSi

gavida kuWSi.

19. xanlis xˆl'un l'ˆres, –gon

sal'en li.

19. mefis SarvliT daabes, iqac igive

qna.

20. xiSat¾ xan berTina ent¾a

boqCŠr-l'e, Caqma qosad b–w–r

lo-l'e.

20. diliT mefe qorwilSi unda wasu-

liyo Turme da aiRes qosasagan

gavsebuli Ceqma.

21. bokCer-l'e t¾oyol, ogun b–w–n

lo-l'e.

21. aiRes qudi, isic gauvsia Turme.

22. �okCer-l'e xˆl'u, –gno �–w–n

li-l'e.

22. aiRes Sarvali, isic savse yofila.

23. …–d– xiSal‰ Si�on roƒit

xanno inCoxen lo berTina et¾a

oƒit.

23. dilaadrian mefem veraferi gaawyo

da qorwilSi wausvleli darCa.

mTqmeli: sidraT hamzaTova, dabad.

1968 w., sof. saruso, Rar-

buTleli, rva klasis ganaT-

lebiT. 10.08.2009.

teqsti 39: berTenberTenberTenberTen qorwiliqorwiliqorwiliqorwili

1. arto zuyur-l'e oJdi aƒa

�atolÀ ni�eC zuyur nˆs–l

dˆba.

1. uwin iyo Turme, biWs coli rom

moundeboda, ugzavnidnen

mTxovnelebs.

2. i�o-oɺbul h–ns kazno nˆl'Co. 2. mSoblebi (`ded-mama~) erT mosaxvevs

aZlevda.

3. bedo met¾e-l'e, bedo bat¾elCo 3. Semdeg ukravdnen zurnas, dols,

228

zuyur zurma, celu, bala�qa,

tampur.

balalaikas da fandurs.

4. bedo beSadi�a ment¾eC zuyur. 4. Semdeg saWmelad midiodnen.

5. qen zuyur: wineli, Wotilos

baba, kima, hoɺros, bowilos xo.

5. saWmeli iyo: mwnili, lobios qada,

yveli, Zroxis xorci, cxvris xorci.

6. �eyolÀ wuTula halmaRlÀi

Seblala beCe, arto-muRal'do

xaly ment¾e.

6. patarZlis moyvanis dros gverdze

udganan megobrebi, win da ukan

xalxi midis.

7. oJe eCat Sebla. 7. nefe (`vaJi~) gverdiT ar udgas.

8. bul'i mayolÀ Tefsi riSke

wuTulal.

8. Sin mosvlisTanave patarZali TefSs

amtvrevs.

9. ancto �anyolÀ wuTul‰ Tux

ko…zildo nucu.

9. karTan mosvlisas patarZals kovziT

Tafls aWmeven.

10. bedo wˆnda nˆl'Œ ɺr. 10. Semdeg windebs Cuqnian.

11. bedo xiSo qidboRur b–ƒŒɺr

wahan halmaRlÀin beS-xul'Œ ɺr.

11. meore dRes gogos mejvare da

amxanagebi qeifoben.

12. lÀono …ˆd– netolÀ oyyen-

osdo …–di oJdid‰ boyŒɺr,

bedo ‡agarlÀillo bu…–yŒɺr.

12. sami dRis Semdeg, meoTxe dRes

vaJTan miyavT (patarZali), Semdeg ki

naTesaobasac waiyvanen.

13. bedo nˆl'Œ ɺr fadarqar: oJd‹

nˆl'Œr wˆndar, qidb‰ _ kaz.

13. Semdeg miarTmeven saCuqrebs: biWs

aZleven windebs, gogos ki _

TavSals.

14. arto zuyur zurma, celu, Je

�amaxalt¾o�a ru…at lÀiSo.

14. uwin iyo zurna da doli, axla

iamaxas garda ar cekvaven.

15. gorno bu…on cˆlun �oƒCen

qan�, `dˆb~ bat¾elen karl'en,

ent¾e s–r–-s–r–, qeW il'.

15. wres kraven, dols iRebs xelSi,

artyams `diplipito~, irgvliv

uvlis da mReris.

229

teqsti 40: guhlaƒlas guhlaƒlas guhlaƒlas guhlaƒlas xabarxabarxabarxabar qurdqurdqurdqurdeeeebis ambavibis ambavibis ambavibis ambavi

1. sˆd ‡al'‰ zuyun lo

guhlaƒla.

1. erT sofelSi yofilan qurdebi.

2. dande mayen lo oyyen

guhlaƒla.

2. erTad Sekrebila (`mosula~) oTxi

qurdi.

3. –gral uqmu bu…on lo

guhlaƒ‰n h–ns ƒoƒo rut¾ka.

3. maT moilaparakes, TavdasxmiT

geZarcvaT erTi saxli.

4. Ji…-Ji…lil nˆs–n li Jides

hunar.

4. TiToeulma Tqva, ra SeeZlo.

5. uqmu bu…on lo gedis roJe

ru…a.

5. SeTanxmdnen (isini), katis

knavilisTvis miebaZa.

6. h–nsl'–rol ru…on rŒɺƒun goɺC,

yanusdogno rŒ ɺƒun goɺC.

6. erTma mibaZa da ar gamouvida,

meoresac ar gamouvida.

7. lÀonosdol ru…on li

`mi�au!~ _ kot roƒur-l'e.

7. mesamem rom mibaZa `miau!~ _ kargad

gamouvida Turme.

8. ment¾er-l'e –gra olÀu ƒoƒŒ. 8. wasulan isini im saxlSi.

9. lÀox ru…or-l'e gedis honk. 9. samjer katasaviT daiknavles Turme.

10. beterhanlil aƒag nˆs-l'e: _

mi�o bolÀu gedu bul'‹.

10. qmars colisTvis uTqvams: _ es kata

Sin SemouSio.

11. ancu hin�alÀ oyyenon lÀelÀ

endu met¾en lo.

11. karis gaRebisTanave oTxiveni erTad

Sin Sevardnen.

12. beterhan aƒan mu…axen, set

qoneban beJen met¾en lo.

12. col-qmars yelebi gamoWres, mTeli

qoneba waiRes da wavidnen.

13. bedo nˆdan li uqumal'i. 13. Semdeg gaigo mTavrobam.

14. hoɺqlen li gedis honk riyer 14. Seamowmes katis xmis mcodne xalxi.

230

xaly.

15. bedo xalylid nˆs–n li: _

gedis honklit¾ suku in�‰yo!

15. Semdeg xalxs uTxres: _ katis xmaze

kaci (Sin) ar SeeSva.

16. �e‡gas Jo r–ƒun li.

haldu aqiWal,

w–dil xabar.

16. aseTi ram moxda.

TeTri zRapari

Savi ambavi.

teqsti 41:

**** **** ****

**** **** ****

1. sˆd ‡al'‰ yont¾o beCedab

beterhan aƒas ƒoƒo zuyur-l'e.

1. erTi soflis TavSi mdidar col-

qmars saxli hqondaT Turme.

2. y–ra zuy‹s-l'e –gras. 2. maT bavSvebi ar hyavdaT Turme.

3. oyyen guhlaƒla uqmu bu…or-

l'e, olÀu ƒoƒos Jo nuca.

3. oTxi qurdi SeTanxmebula, im

saxlidan raRaca moepara.

4. yanu sˆdd‰, yanu boɺlÀud‰

met¾en lo oyenon.

4. ori erTgan, ori sxvagan wavidnen

oTxiveni.

5. beCedab sukul yanon bul'in

mi�en lo, bˆrda boɺlÀu ƒoƒo

met¾en lo.

5. mdidarma kacma orive Sin SeuSva,

sxvebic sxva ojaxSi wavidnen.

6. bo…ahen lÀiyolÀ boɺlÀu

uTaxbo bu…atkelen lo.

6. vaxSmis damTavrebis mere sxva

oTaxSi daaZines.

7. h–ns zaban li: `l'ax~, `l'ax~,

`l'ax~ _ honk r–ƒur-l'i.

7. raRac (èrTi~) xania: `Tlax~,

`Tlax~, `Tlax~ _ xma gaisma Turme.

8. beterhanlil aƒag nˆsan li:

haran, �ent¾e, Si�o ratan li

–gra.

8. qmarma cols uTxra: _ aba, wadi,

maT ra undaT?

9. ancu hi�an, endu �ayolÀ ni�an

balÀa� bolo buWen lo.

9. kari gaaRo ra, SigniT

SesvlisTanave yeli gamoWres.

231

10. aƒe �ay‹lÀ, beterhanlil

rokCen fisTaleTno Wixut¾

‡il'en li: _ ancu hin�a!

10. coli rom ar movida, qmarma aiRo

pistoleti da Soridan dauZaxa: _

kari gaaRe!

11. ancu hin�arun, beterhanlil

tututun fisTaleTno yanon

bi�at¾en lo.

11. kari gaaRes Tu ara, qmarma esrola

pistoleti da orive mokla.

12. balÀu ƒoƒos guhlaƒlÀallo

beterhan-aƒa bi�at¾en, Jo reJe-

Cos mˆƒ–ken lo mˆlecialil.

haldu aqiWal,

w–dil xabar.

12. sxva saxlis qurdebma col-qmari

daxoces, qonebis (`ramis~) waRebisas

ki miliciam daiWira (isini).

TeTri zRapari,

Savi ambavi.

mTxrobeli: hajiaxmed axmedis Ze

yurbanovi, 70 wlisa, sof. sa-

ruso, RarbuTleli, oTxi

klasis ganaTlebiT, pensione-

ri. 20.08.2008.

teqsti 42: abi�aabi�aabi�aabi�a andazebiandazebiandazebiandazebi

1. riyit roJen nˆsŒɺyo,

biyit hoɺlen gulŒɺyo.

1. Tu ar ici, sityva ar Tqva,

Tu ar ici, nabiji ar gadadga.

2. Tuƒurot¾o boJŒɺyo,

nawarot¾i�a.

2. mosmenisas ar daijero,

danaxvisasRa (irwmune).

3. dibi rat‹s

suku ru…Œɺyo.

3. Seni undomeli

sxvas ar gaukeTo.

4. nˆsolÀ Tuƒ‹d,

nawolÀ riyŒɺr.

4. Tqmis mere Tu ar daijereb,

naxvis Semdeg gaigeb.

(Sdr. qarT. `naTqvams nanaxi jobiao~)

5. ru…ar riyerŒɺ, 5. saqmis gamkeTebels

232

nˆs–n riyŒɺr. sityvis Tqmac ecodineba.

6. azdu begelat¾ hinWer,

l'immo ro ɺCoɺt¾ hinWŒɺr.

6. (visac) zafxulSi gvelisa SeeSinda,

zamTarSi sablisac SeeSindeba.

7. oɺl'rox nas‰,

h–nsun ruWo.

7. SvidRer gazome,

erTxel gaWeri.

8. kottu Sugul‰

`haCCu~ elŒɺr.

8. kargi cxenisTvis

àCCuc~ sakmarisia.

9. dugo TŒɺwit,

sukug rŒɺJe nˆsŒɺyo.

9. Tavis Tavs (Tu) ar Sexede,

sxvaze sityva ar Tqva.

10. ka„ab suku yere eCen TadaxŒɺr. 10. zarmaci kaci damjdaric (`dajdeba

ra~) daiRleba.

11. roɺC rˆx–l kottu li,

roɺJe noSSu kottu li.

11. sabeli grZelia kargi,

sityva moklea kargi.

12. nemsi mucurol,

Sugurno nucŒɺr.

12. nemsis qurdi

cxensac moiparavs.

13. xiSo bu…a nˆs–n,

hinCods– alti xˆcŒɺyo.

13. xval gasakeTeblad

dRevandel saqmes nu gadadeb.

14. ˆhdorŒ ɺ, riyŒɺr

babalis gemu.

14. (vinc) muSaobs, icis

puris gemo.

15. harenxu �ayŒɺt¾

hundu bahŒɺr.

15. wyaldidobisas (`mdinaris mosvlaze~)

SeSa ikrifeba.

16. ƒoƒo roxa�d arto

maduhanlÀi biyek.

16. saxlis yidvis win

mezobloba gaicani.

17. sukud ‡adamlal‰ mawak yu…aT,

ildodo ɺ _ ‡aylu.

17. sxva xalxs uCvene Zala,

Tavisianebs (`Cvenebs~) _ Wkua.

18. misqin suku alahlin ato�s 18. sawyali kaci RmerTsac ar unda.

233

19. beCelÀi ˆgil haJaTab Jo goɺC. 19. simdidre imdenad aucilebeli ram

ar aris.

20. Si�on h–nsno zˆRi�d,

sint¾on hinWa moCe goɺC.

20. visac araferi ar aqvs (`rame erTic

Tu ar ari~), mas arafrisa eSinia

(`maSin saSiSi adgili ar aris~).

21. anyer suk� honsund‰

Tofi tuta Juƒlo�s.

21. omidan dabrunebul kacs

Tofis srolas ar aswavlian.

22. bul'i Tali boɺƒo�s,

bul'is aƒe hin‰sdi �oɺƒdo.

22. ojaxi (`saxli~) bednieri ver iqneba,

Tu diasaxlisi uvargisia.

23. Sugul‰ _ wuwu…a,

aƒ‰ _ beterhan.

23. cxens _ maTraxi,

qals _ qmari.

24. dudo o ɺbul _ haldu Sugu

w–dil lo-l'e, w–dil boɺƒŒɺr.

24. mamaSenma (Tu Tqva) _ es cxeni

Savia-Tqo, Savi iqneba.

25. qid kottu lo sukod ahb‰. 25. gogo kargia sxvis baRSi.

26. beterhan ƒoƒos xaza�n,

aƒe _ ƒoƒos bolo.

26. qmari ojaxis Tavia,

coli _ ojaxis kiseri.

27. umumalis hobol

–gno beCelÀi li artodalas

nˆƒ–r.

27. mama-papiseuli stumari

egec winaparTagan miRebuli simdid-

rea.

28. uhur suko oha fiha�ab lo. 28. mkvdari kacis kveba iolia.

29. han�hin�ad b–w–n baƒo�s. 29. sisxli sisxliT ar iwmindeba.

30. naga b–x raƒa rat‹d,

b–x xumux‰s rahan nuwŒɺr.

30. Tu balaxis gazrda ar ginda,

balaxi fesvebianad unda amoZirkvo.

31. JuJ lamus oɺƒŒɺr,

boɺd lamus u…od.

31. Sercxvenili iqneba (is),

Tu sxvas Searcxvens.

mTqmeli: mehomed rasulovi (ix. gv.).

234

beJiturbeJiturbeJiturbeJitur----qarTuli leqsikoniqarTuli leqsikoniqarTuli leqsikoniqarTuli leqsikoni

aaaa

aboaboaboabo I (-Ø, -olololol) mamakaci

abola�abola�abola�abola� II (-Ø, -lalalala) dedinacvali

abocabocabocaboc III (-ö, -aaaa) mZivi

abocalaabocalaabocalaabocala I (-Ø, -aaaa) simamri

a…araga…araga…araga…arag I (-lililili, -lalalala) winaswarmetyveli

azakazakazakazak kombali

azoazoazoazo III (-lililili) zafxuli

alealealeale (tl.) III (-iiii, -dadadada) ix. aaaannnnlelelele

allahallahallahallah I (-lililili, -lalalala) alapi, RmerTi

alalalalÀÀÀÀoooo IV (alalalalÀÀÀÀo…o…o…o…-, -lililili, -lalalala) WuWrutana, Riobi

ammaammaammaamma (xunZ.) kavS. magram, Tumca

aradaradaradarad // araTaraTaraTaraT (hunz. artoartoartoarto) zmns. adre, uwin

axxoaxxoaxxoaxxo zmns. 1) kargad. 2) Zlierad

aƒoaƒoaƒoaƒo II (erg. aƒƒaƒƒaƒƒaƒƒö, mr. öƒƒaƒƒaƒƒaƒƒa) coli

aaaannnn

aaaannnnzazazaza IV (-lalalala) circeli

aaaannnnzaro zaro zaro zaro WuWyiani

aaaannnnzarozarozarozarollllÀÀÀÀiiii IV (-lalalala) usufTaoba, WuWyi

aaaannnnkokokoko III (-Ø, (-…a…a…a…a || -dadadada) akvani

aaaannnntatatata zmns. didxans

aaaannnnRoRoRoRo IV (aaaannnnRRRR-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a) yuri

aaaannnnyloyloyloylo III (-lalalala) Wkua, codna, sibrZne

aaaannnnyyyy-oooo III (-iiii, -bobobobo) Tagvi

235

aaaannnncccc IV (-iiii||-lililili, -aaaa||-lalalala) kari

aaaannnncocococo (III (-iiii, -…a…a…a…a) kalo

��

�daT�daT�daT�daT III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) adaTi, wes-Cveuleba. 2) Cveva

�lh�m�lh�m�lh�m�lh�m III (-lililili) locva

�tirat�tirat�tirat�tirat¾¾¾¾ III (-lililili, -lalalala) bari, swori adgili

�qiW�r�qiW�r�qiW�r�qiW�r || aqiWalaqiWalaqiWalaqiWal III (-lililili, -lalalala) zRapari

�Ro…�Ro…�Ro…�Ro… qumeli

��nnnn

��nnnnlelelele III (��nnnnllll-, -iiii, -�a�a�a�a) toti, rto

��nnnnWWWW÷÷÷÷ IV (��nnnnWWWW-, -iiii, -…�…�…�…� || -d�d�d�d�) qusli

bbbb

b�b�b�b�b�b�b�b� III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1. puri, namcxvari, 2. SeSupeba

badibadibadibadi I, IV (badbadbadbad- erg. bacobacobacobaco, -dŒldŒldŒldŒl) sxva

badobadobadobado II, III (badbadbadbad-, erg. balbalbalbal'oooo, -dŒldŒldŒldŒl) sxva

bakarzi�o…bakarzi�o…bakarzi�o…bakarzi�o…-alalalal II, IV (bakarzi�obakarzi�obakarzi�obakarzi�o-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa) Tavmoyra, mogroveba

balabalabalabala III (-lililili, -aaaa) fsiti

barƒa…barƒa…barƒa…barƒa…////-�� I, II (-lililili) xunZi

b‰sra b‰sra b‰sra b‰sra Semarcxveneli

baqbaqbaqbaq IV (-lililili) spilenZi

bawadabbawadabbawadabbawadab sufTa

236

bawobawobawobawo III (bawbawbawbaw-, -iiii, -bobobobo) 1. mgeli. 2. anat. elenTa

beTabeTabeTabeTa zmns. Semdeg, mere

belbelbelbel'nananana ricxv. sax. rva

be�Tenbe�Tenbe�Tenbe�Ten (kap.), berTenberTenberTenberTen (xaS., tl.) IV (-lililili, -lalalala) qorwili

beJ beJ beJ beJ III (-iiii, -JaJaJaJa || -lalalala) farexi, ezo. beJtbeJtbeJtbeJt¾¾¾¾aaaa 1) farexSi. 2) beJita (aulis

saxeli)

besalcobesalcobesalcobesalco (-lililili) saWmeli

bersinabbersinabbersinabbersinab lamazi

beterbeterbeterbeterhhhhanananan I (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) qmari. 2) patroni. 3) mflobeli.

beqelabeqelabeqelabeqela III (-lililili, -rorororo) gveli

beCedabbeCedabbeCedabbeCedab mdidari

beƒƒabeƒƒabeƒƒabeƒƒa zmns. soflad

bibidarobibidarobibidarobibidaro III (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a) xanZari

bilbilbilbilÀÀÀÀoooo III (-lililili || -ssss, -…a…a…a…a) nadiri

bilbilbilbil'oooo IV (-Ø, -…a…a…a…a) saxli, oTaxi

bilbilbilbil'oooo-axaxaxax IV (-aaaa) saxli, qoneba.

bisabisabisabisa III (bisbisbisbis-, -iiii, - _ _ _ _) Tevzi

bissunbissunbissunbissun || biSunbiSunbiSunbiSun yvelaze (zedsarTav saxelTan da zmnisarTTan gamoiyeneba)

biSebiSebiSebiSe III (-lililili, -�a�a�a�a/-�ol�ol�ol�ol) xbo, boCola

bicobicobicobico IV (-iiii, -dadadada) xeli

bolobolobolobolo III (bilobilobilobilo, -…a…a…a…a) 1. yinuli. 2. (-li, -la) rigi

bolbolbolbol'-alalalal (bolbolbolbol'oooo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa) xvna

bolbolbolbol'oooo III ix. �al�al�al�al'oooo

bozabozabozaboza III (-iiii || -lililili, - _ _ _ _) weraqvi

boJboJboJboJ-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -CaCaCaCa, -Ø, -…a…a…a…a-) dajereba, rwmenis qona

boRziboRziboRziboRzi �o…al�o…al�o…al�o…al moTxovna, davaldebuleba ix. �o…al�o…al�o…al�o…al

bocdolbocdolbocdolbocdolÀÀÀÀ-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -babababa-) dabrmaveba

bocobocobocoboco III (erg. bicobicobicobico, mr. bobobobocccc-bobobobo) mTvare

237

bowi bowi bowi bowi III (-lalalala, ìd.~) 1) cxvari, cxvris fara. 2) qoneba.

boxboxboxbox IV (-aaaa) balaxi

boƒboƒboƒboƒ III (biƒobiƒobiƒobiƒo) mze

bulbulbulbul'-oooo III (-iiii, -bobobobo) Rori, taxi

gggg

ge�ge�ge�ge�, gel gel gel gel, ga‡e ga‡e ga‡e ga‡e aris

gedogedogedogedo III (-iiii, -bobobobo) kata

gilgilgilgilÀÀÀÀ zmns. Rrmad

gilgilgilgilÀÀÀÀilloilloilloillo Rrma

gisaqgisaqgisaqgisaq-alalalal (gisaqigisaqigisaqigisaqi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -babababa-) gamosvla

gitgitgitgit-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) `dasxma~, `daRvra~

giSagiSagiSagiSa zmns. gareT

giwlgiwlgiwlgiwl-alalalal, giWlgiWlgiWlgiWl-alalalal (giwigiwigiwigiwi-, -lolololo, -cccc, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) Cacema, CarWoba. 2) Cayofa. 3)

dasxma.

go…go…go…go…-alalalal (gŒgŒgŒgŒ- I, g‹g‹g‹g‹- II, g�g�g�g�- III, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, brZ. gohgohgohgoh//gohogohogohogoho I, gihgihgihgih // gihigihigihigihi II, guhguhguhguh // guhuguhuguhuguhu

III, -aaaahahahaha-) mosvla, gamocxadeba, gamosvla.

gowoƒgowoƒgowoƒgowoƒ-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -bobobobo-) 1) xedva. 2) mixedva, yuradRebis miqceva. 3)

lodini.

gulgulgulgul-alalalal III (golgolgolgol-alalalal I, gilgilgilgil-alalalal II, -lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) 1) dadeba, dadgma. 2)

daniSvna. 3) dadgena, 4) akideba. 5) niSnis dasma. 6) Cacma. 7) saxeldeba. 8)

dawva.

g‘d�g‘d�g‘d�g‘d� III (-iiii, -b÷b÷b÷b÷) qaTami

238

gggg

ganeganeganegane III (-lililili, -�a�a�a�a) 1) mozveri. 2) gadat. yoCaRi

geguƒangeguƒangeguƒangeguƒan I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) moWidave

gedagedagedageda IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) erTgvari Wreli windebi

gelexigelexigelexigelexi I, II (-��ö, -�a�a�a�a) Raribi, maTxovari

genigenigenigeni IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) msxali

gihlagigihlagigihlagigihlagi I, II, III (-��ö, -�a�a�a�a) qurdi

go�lgo�lgo�lgo�lÀÀÀÀiiii I, g‹�olg‹�olg‹�olg‹�olÀÀÀÀiiii II, g��olg��olg��olg��olÀÀÀÀiiii III masd. 1) mosvla, gamocxadeba. 2) siaruli.

gowolgowolgowolgowol-alalalal I, giWelgiWelgiWelgiWel-alalalal II, guwolguwolguwolguwol-alalalal III (-lolololo, -�o�o�o�o, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) 1) Cveneba. 2)

gawodeba, micema.

gowoƒgowoƒgowoƒgowoƒ-alalalal (gowoƒigowoƒigowoƒigowoƒi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -babababa-) 1) yureba. 2) yuradRebis miqceva. 3)

movla. 4) lodini.

g�m‘Sg�m‘Sg�m‘Sg�m‘S III (-b�b�b�b�, -bbbb��) kameCi

g�J÷g�J÷g�J÷g�J÷ IV (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a////-dadadada) eSvi

dddd

darsdarsdarsdars IV (-babababa//-lililili, -babababa) gakveTili

dibi�adibi�adibi�adibi�a (kap.) I, dibiradibiradibiradibira (xaS.-tl.) (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) dibira (sasuliero piri aulSi)

di�e di�e di�e di�e kuTvn. nacvalsax. Cemi: di�e raR `Wemi brZola~

diriynidiriynidiriynidiriyni (kap.), diƒnidiƒnidiƒnidiƒni (tl.) xmauri

di‡idi‡idi‡idi‡i IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) yvavili

dodododo p. nacvalsax. me

duniialduniialduniialduniial // dunnaldunnaldunnaldunnal III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) dedamiwa, qveyana. 2) amindi. 3) samyaro.

dursadursadursadursa I (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) siZe

d�hd�hd�hd�h zmns. cota

d�h�bd�h�bd�h�bd�h�b zmns. cota

d‘dd‘dd‘dd‘dd‘dd‘dd‘dd‘d I (-lililili, -l�l�l�l�) jadoqari

239

eeee

edoedoedoedo zmns. Sig, SigniT

eheheheh-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cccc, -aaaa) gagzavna

eeeennnn

eeeennnndodododo ix. edoedoedoedo

eeeennnnxexexexe IV (-Ø, -�a�a�a�a) mdinare

…………

…aTan…aTan…aTan…aTan III (-lililili) tanisamosi

…an…an…an…an IV (-aaaa, -nananana) tye

…ahanl…ahanl…ahanl…ahanlÀÀÀÀoba oba oba oba zmns. amrigad, amitom

…ahgi…ahgi…ahgi…ahgi I (-lililili, -�a�a�a�a) mociquli

…ahgo …ahgo …ahgo …ahgo nacv. sax. is, igi

…ahdo…ahdo…ahdo…ahdo II, III (erg. …ahl'o) nacvalsax. es

…acca…acca…acca…acca I (-Ø, - ____) megobari

…aWo…aWo…aWo…aWo IV (…aWa…aWa…aWa…aWa-, -lililili, -lalalala) saqsovi Cxiri

…eli…eli…eli…eli III (-lalalala) saqarTvelo

…eqa…eqa…eqa…eqa I, II (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) mwyemsi

…………££££dddd----oooo IV (-iiii, -bobobobo) 1. dRe. 2. wvima

240

zzzz

zamanzamanzamanzaman III (-lililili, -lalalala) dro, xana

zizzizzizziz-‰l‰l‰l‰l (zizazizazizaziza-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -babababa-) Sewva, Sebrawva.

zokozokozokozoko III (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a) soko

zotzotzotzot¾¾¾¾oooo III (zotzotzotzot¾¾¾¾-, -iiii, -bobobobo) TiTi: bal'os zot¾o `Sua TiTi~

zuklazuklazuklazukla III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) xvimiri: habo�s zukla `wisqvilis xvimiri~

zurmazurmazurmazurma III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) zurna

zurmazurmazurmazurma-yaliyaliyaliyali IV (-�a) dol-zuna

zuyzuyzuyzuy-alalalal (-o�oo�oo�oo�o, -osososos, -oooo, (-…a…a…a…a-) yofna, mdebareoba.

TTTT

TefsiTefsiTefsiTefsi (kap.), TefSiTefSiTefSiTefSi (tl.) III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) TefSi.

Ti‡Ti‡Ti‡Ti‡-alalalal, mr. Ti�a‡alTi�a‡alTi�a‡alTi�a‡al (Ti‡iTi‡iTi‡iTi‡i-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa) 1. Sebrawva. 2. dafantva, daSla.

TofiTofiTofiTofi IV (-llllö, -��aaaa, -lalalala) Tofi

iiii

ilbailbailbailba III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) mtredi

ilbisilbisilbisilbis III (-lililili, -lalalala) kudiani

ileileileile nacv. `Cven~

ililililÀÀÀÀnananana (ililililÀÀÀÀenenenen-, -iiii) eqvsi

i�oi�oi�oi�o II (-Ø, -olololol) 1) deda. 2) qali

isisisis I (-titititi, -nananana) Zma

isiisiisiisi II (-Ø, -�a�a�a�a) da

islislislislÀÀÀÀiiii IV (-llllö, -lalalala) Zmoba, naTesaoba

iSiSiSiS (xunZ.) III (-lililili) saqme, saqmianoba

241

iCilo iCilo iCilo iCilo (kap. ic‹loic‹loic‹loic‹lo) 1. moxuci. 2. ZvelisZveli

iwwabiwwabiwwabiwwab SiSveli

iwwadiwwadiwwadiwwad zmns. xelaxla

iwwoiwwoiwwoiwwo axali

ixalloixalloixalloixallo grZeli

ixTilaTixTilaTixTilaTixTilaT (kap.), ixdilaTixdilaTixdilaTixdilaT (tl.) III (-lililili, -lalalala) mxiaruleba

ixTi�arixTi�arixTi�arixTi�ar II (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) neba. 2) nebarTva, mowmoba

iiiinnnn

iiiinnnnzzzz III (-lililili, -lalalala) didi saceri

iiiinnnnzozozozo IV (-lililili) 1. Tesli. 2. grova.

iiiinnnnƒƒƒƒ I (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) TuSi. 2) moZalade

kkkk

kkkködodododo III (kadkadkadkad-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a) kibe

kaTukaTukaTukaTu III (-lalalala, -…a…a…a…a) kartofili

kampetkampetkampetkampet III (-lililili, -lalalala) kamfeti

karbalkarbalkarbalkarbal'alalalal zmns. gancxromiT, laRad

karokarokarokaro IV (-lililili) kalti, xaWo

kekekekekekekeke (-lililili) biWoni, Sebrawuli xorbali.

ketoketoketoketo kargi

kimakimakimakima IV (-lililili) yveli

kis‰kis‰kis‰kis‰-llll kap.), kiS‰kiS‰kiS‰kiS‰-llll (tl.) (-�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -bbbb-) TamaSi

kobalakobalakobalakobala III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _ ) joxi

kodokodokodokodo III (-aaaa) yurZeni

242

kokŒkokŒkokŒkokŒ 1. avadmyofi (kaci), 2. subst. I, II (kokokokokokokoko-, -…a…a…a…a, mr. ko…ako…ako…ako…ako…ako…ako…ako…a) avadmyofi.

kocokocokocokoco (tl.) III (-lililili, -rararara) saxe

k÷W÷k÷W÷k÷W÷k÷W÷ (tl.) IV (-lililili, -r�r�r�r�) ix. JuRJuRJuRJuR

‘STel‘STel‘STel‘STel (kap.), uCiTeluCiTeluCiTeluCiTel (tl.) (-llllö, -lalalala) maswavlebeli

k’Wkak’Wkak’Wkak’Wka III (-lalalala) sazidari, uremi

llll

lagalagalagalaga III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1. organo, tani. 2. nagleji, naxevi

lamusablamusablamusablamusab namusiani

landalandalandalanda IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) SalaSini

lapllapllapllapl'-alalalal (lapllapllapllapl'oooo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -oooo, -babababa-) 1) barbaci, ryeva, bancali. 2) xetiali

lassolassolassolasso zmns. ramdeni

laxdlaxdlaxdlaxd-‰l‰l‰l‰l (laxdalaxdalaxdalaxda-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -babababa-) 1) ganZreva. 2) Relva. 3) ryeva

laƒdi�olaƒdi�olaƒdi�olaƒdi�o koWli

lalalalatotototo-rocarocarocaroca kedlebiT gakeTebuli kubo

ledledledled III (-ddddö, -dadadada) iremi

leqacileqacileqacileqaci (IV (-��ö, -�a�a�a�a) dolbandi, binti

loTeloTeloTeloTe I (-lililili, -�a�a�a�a) moqeife, loTi

loliloliloliloli IV (-lalalala) qurdoba

luRaTluRaTluRaTluRaT IV (-lililili) enamWevroba, enamaxviloba

l�ƒ l�ƒ l�ƒ l�ƒ IV (-lililili, -lalalala) Wriloba

243

llllÀÀÀÀ

llllÀÀÀÀana ana ana ana (llllÀÀÀÀanananan-, -iiii) sami

llllÀÀÀÀaca�aca�aca�aca� III (-�a�a�a�a, -babababa) saceri

llllÀÀÀÀa‡ela‡ela‡ela‡el, l l l lÀÀÀÀa�la�la�la�l IV (-lililili, -lalalala) weli

llllÀÀÀÀeeeennnn IV (-�a�a�a�a) mocvi

llllÀÀÀÀiiii IV (- _, mr. llllÀÀÀÀ‹bo‹bo‹bo‹bo) wyali

llllÀÀÀÀisoisoisoiso (kap.), llllÀÀÀÀiSoiSoiSoiSo (tl.) IV (-Ø // -lililili, -dadadada) cekva

llllÀÀÀÀiyiyiyiy-alalalal (llllÀÀÀÀiyoiyoiyoiyo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) gaTaveba, 2) mokvdoma, damTavreba.

llllÀÀÀÀiwiwiwiw-alalalal (llllÀÀÀÀiWeiWeiWeiWe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-)

llllÀÀÀÀ�ra‡�ra‡�ra‡�ra‡ 1) vake, bari. 2) yumixuri.

llll'

llll'ibo ibo ibo ibo IV (llll'ibibibib-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a) 1. foToli. 2. qaRaldis furceli

llll'ilm�ilm�ilm�ilm� zmns. zamTarSi

llll'i�oi�oi�oi�o zmns. dabla, qveviT

llll'i�oti�oti�oti�ot¾¾¾¾osososos dabali

llll'iro iro iro iro zmns. Zirs, qveS

llll'iiiinnnn��-alalalal (llll'iiiinnnn�o�o�o�o-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -ahahahah-) Sebma

-llll'o o o o naw. -o, Tqo

llll'obatobatobatobat¾¾¾¾aaaa zmns. sadilobaze

llll'obaRaobaRaobaRaobaRa zmns. SuadRes

llll'o…ao…ao…ao…a sakace, cxedris wasasvenebeli erTmaneTze gadabmuli ori xe

llll'÷÷÷÷nnnn…�…�…�…� IV (erg. llll'÷÷÷÷nnnn�� || -lililili, - _ _ _ _) Zvali

llll'uruWuruWuruWuruW IV (-lililili, -babababa) maTraxi

244

mmmm

maduhanmaduhanmaduhanmaduhan I (-lililili, -lalalala) mezobeli

mala�qmala�qmala�qmala�q II (-lililili, -lalalala) angelozi

matamatamatamata IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) Subli

maharmaharmaharmahar III (-babababa, -babababa) daqorwineba, jvriswera

maharmaharmaharmahar gulalgulalgulalgulal qorwinebis gamarTva

m�Sm�Sm�Sm�S mravalgvari

m�Cem�Cem�Cem�Ce III (erg. micamicamicamica, -�a�a�a�a) 1) miwa 2) miwis nakveTi

m�h�m�h�m�h�m�h� IV (-lililili || -d�d�d�d�, - _ _ _ _) 1) zRurbli. 2) karis CarCo.

m’m’m’m’n n n n III (-Ø, -b÷b÷b÷b÷, -d�d�d�d�) 1: 1) mTa. ma‡aruƒma‡aruƒma‡aruƒma‡aruƒ `mTaSi~. 2) ialaRi. 2. cxviri.

mesedmesedmesedmesed IV (-lililili, -lalalala) oqro

mexmexmexmex III (-lililili) 1) dro, xani. 2) sezoni.

mizomizomizomizo III (mizmizmizmiz-, -aaaa // -aaaa-lililili) miwa, Tixa.

mikemikemikemike III (-dadadada, -�a�a�a�a//-dadadada) mori

milazmilazmilazmilaz-alalalal (milaJemilaJemilaJemilaJe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS,-Ø, -babababa-) gayinva

milaJe�o milaJe�o milaJe�o milaJe�o civi, gayinuli

mimimimi nacval. sax. Sen

mmmmililililÀÀÀÀin in in in IV (-aaaa, -aaaa) kabis kalTa

miJemiJemiJemiJe nacval. sax. Tqven

misomisomisomiso III (mismismismis-, -aaaa // -lililili) lami

misqinabmisqinabmisqinabmisqinab Raribi

micmicmicmic III (-ö, -aaaa) 1. ena (samety.). 2. ena (anat.)

miRemiRemiRemiRe III (-lililili || -Ø, -�a�a�a�a) 1) muxa. 2) rko

miƒ‰miƒ‰miƒ‰miƒ‰ III (-�a�a�a�a, -��ö) zurgi

mo�mo�mo�mo� III (-babababa, -bbbbö) kevri

m‘Jm�rm‘Jm�rm‘Jm�rm‘Jm�r IV (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) paraskevi. 2) locva meCeTSi

muradmuradmuradmurad III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1: 1) imedi, 2. mizani, ganzraxva 2: sak. saxeli.

muyomuyomuyomuyo III (muymuymuymuy-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a////-dadadada) 1) margili, palo. 2) lursmani

245

muSmuSmuSmuS III (-��; -��) 1. cocxi. 2. xis totebiani sareva

muƒ muƒ muƒ muƒ (xunZ.) III (-lililili, -lalalala) striqoni, xazi

muhmuhmuhmuh III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1. xorbleuli, marcvali, 2. kona

muRaTo‰muRaTo‰muRaTo‰muRaTo‰ ix. m‘R�lm‘R�lm‘R�lm‘R�l'

m‘R�lm‘R�lm‘R�lm‘R�l' , nuRal nuRal nuRal nuRal' zmns. mere, Semdeg

nnnn

na�bna�bna�bna�b I (-lalalala, -lililili) naibi

narTa… narTa… narTa… narTa… I (-lililili, -lalalala) narTi

naslo naslo naslo naslo III (-lalalala, -…a…a…a…a) STamomavloba

naconaconaconaco III (nacnacnacnac-, -iiii, -bobobobo) tili

naxonaxonaxonaxo IV (-lililili) 1) Cala. 2) namja, bze

naƒonaƒonaƒonaƒo III (-Ø || -lililili, -…a…a…a…a) verxvi

n‰n‰n‰n‰ || n‰d zmns. sad

n�fCin�fCin�fCin�fCi III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a////-lalalala) nemsi.

niToniToniToniTo || niTodniTodniTodniTod zmns. rodis

nnnn¢¢¢¢llll'-alalalal (-i�oi�oi�oi�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) micema 2) Cuqeba.

ni�odni�odni�odni�od nac. sax. rogori

nironanironanironanirona uary. nacv. araferi

nisnisnisnis-al al al al (nisonisonisoniso-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) Tqma, saburi. 2) gaTqma, gacema. 3) daniSvna

nisd� nisd� nisd� nisd� (kap.) niSd‰� nista (xaS. tl.). zmns. saRmos, bnelebas

nnnnisd�qisd�qisd�qisd�q-alalalal (nisd‰qinisd‰qinisd‰qinisd‰qi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa) mosaRamoveba

nisolnisolnisolnisol-alalalal (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) SekiTxva, Txovna. 2) daniSvna.

niRaniRaniRaniRa || niRad zmns. rogor, ranairad

niRananiRananiRananiRana nacvalsax. arafriT

niy‰niy‰niy‰niy‰ || niya�oniya�oniya�oniya�o mware

niSeniSeniSeniSe zmns. RamiT, saRamoTi

246

niSe xiSe�niSe xiSe�niSe xiSe�niSe xiSe� zmns. mTeli Rame

niCdi�niCdi�niCdi�niCdi�oooo 1) cisferi. 2) mwvane

nuworonuworonuworonuworo (tl.). ix. nuwis

nuwonuwonuwonuwossss || nuwocnuwocnuwocnuwoc unda, saWiroa

n�‡n�‡n�‡n�‡ I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) mowme

��

��££££nnnnsosososo IV (-Ø, -…a…a…a…a) kedeli

��¢¢¢¢tttt¾¾¾¾-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1. gadagdeba, dayra. 2. mokvla. 3) qrolva

�es�es�es�es-alalalal || �eS�eS�eS�eS-alalalal II (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -�a�a�a�a-, -Ø) 1. Wama. 2. moZoveba.

�o�o�o�onnnnyyyy-alalalal II, IV (�o�o�o�onnnnyoyoyoyo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) 1. mosvla. 2. moyvana, gatana. 3. colis

moyvana.

�eq�eq�eq�eq-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -�a�a�a�a-) 1. Camoyra, dagdeba. 2. gaofvla.

iuRiuRiuRiuR-al al al al II, IV (�uRo�uRo�uRo�uRo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -…a…a…a…a-)| 1) kiTvdili. 2) dangreva

�u�u�u�unnnncccc-alalalal II, IV (�u�u�u�unnnncocococo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø) gadnoba, damsxvreva

ieieieiennnnxxxx-alalalal II, IV (�e�e�e�ennnnxexexexe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -Ø, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) Sexeba. 2) dartyma. 3) Casvla. 4)

sayveduris micema.

ietietietiet¾¾¾¾-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -Ø, -�a�a�a�a-) 1. wasvla, gamgzavreba. 2. Tavdasxma. 3. moxdoma.

��C��C��C��C-�l�l�l�l II, IV (ieCeieCeieCeieCe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS -��, mr. �’�’�’�’C�lC�lC�lC�l) alokva

�ux�ux�ux�ux-alalalal II, IV (�uxa�uxa�uxa�uxa-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø) dakvla

ieziezieziez-al al al al II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) wayvana, waReba

�o…�o…�o…�o…-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -ahahahah-) keTeba, qmna. 2) gaCena.

�aƒ�aƒ�aƒ�aƒ-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, mr. �‰ƒal�‰ƒal�‰ƒal�‰ƒal) 1) yofna, moxdoma. 2) gaxdoma. 3)

moxvedra. 4) dabadeba. 5) gamojanmrTeleba. 6) aRdgoma. 7) arCeva.

�at�at�at�at-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, (cacacaca, -Ø, mr. �‰tal�‰tal�‰tal�‰tal) ndoma, siyvaruli

�ed�ed�ed�ed-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -�a�a�a�a-) Caqroba, gamorTva

�e�e�e�egggg�al�al�al�al II, IV (�e�e�e�ennnn-e�oe�oe�oe�o, -eSeSeSeS, -�a�a�a�a, -ahahahah-) 1) gaSveba, gagzavna. 2) gamoyra.

247

3) dartyma. 4) marTva. 5) gaTxoveba. 6) ganTavisufleba.

��nnnnƒƒƒƒ-�l�l�l�l II, IV (-i�oi�oi�oi�o, -C�C�C�C�, -��, -…�…�…�…�-) Wama, kveba.

��Wl��Wl��Wl��WlÀÀÀÀ-alalalal II, IV (-i�oi�oi�oi�o, -isisisis || -CaCaCaCa, -Ø, -b�b�b�b�-) 1) gaciveba. 2. aciveba.

�iy�iy�iy�iy-alalalal II, IV (-e�oe�oe�oe�o, -eSeSeSeS, -eeee, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) codna. 2). cnoba. 3) swavla.

�o‡�o‡�o‡�o‡-alalalal II, IV (-i�oi�oi�oi�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -…………aaaa-) dakargva, gaqroba.

�i�i�i�innnnƒolƒolƒolƒol-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�aba�aba�aba�aba-) dasaflaveba, dakrZalva.

ieciecieciec-alalalal II, IV (�eC�eC�eC�eC-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -††††, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) gaCereba. 2) dgoma. 3) jdoma.

4) cxovreba, arseboba. 5) binadroba

�eCel�eCel�eCel�eCel-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) gaCereba. 2) datoveba. 3) dargva. 4)

Cabareba. 5) daniSvna.

�aR�aR�aR�aR-alalalal II, IV (-o�oo�oo�oo�o, -osososos, -aaaa, - _ -) 1) gaxda, moxsna. 2) gamowurva, gamoSveba. 3)

gamoyvana, gamotana. 4) gatareba, gayvana.

��itititit-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) darigeba, ganawileba. 2) gayofa.

�o…�o…�o…�o…-alalalal II, IV (�o�o�o�o-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssssssss, -…a…a…a…a, -ahahahah-) 1) keTeba, qmna. 2) dabadeba, gaCena.

�÷�÷�÷�÷nnnntttt-�l�l�l�l, rot rot rot rot-alalalal II, IV (�ote�ote�ote�ote-, -�o�o�o�o, -CCCC////SSSS, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) Txra.

�o�o�o�onnnnyolyolyolyol-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) 1) mitana, miyvana. 2) gagzavna. 3) dafareba.

4) SerWoba.

�‘S�‘S�‘S�‘S-�l�l�l�l, ruS ruS ruS ruS-alalalal IV (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø) 1) Cavardna. 2) Cayra, cvena.

�‘�‘�‘�‘nnnnxxxx-�l�l�l�l II, IV (�‘�‘�‘�‘nnnnx÷x÷x÷x÷-, -�÷�÷�÷�÷, -SSSS, -Ø) 1. ayeneba. 2. gamoyvana. 3. gadabruneba,

gadatrialeba

�uCax�uCax�uCax�uCax-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø) daZineba

��ilililil'aaaa zmns. Zalian, metad.

�o…�o…�o…�o…-alalalal II, IV (�o…o�o…o�o…o�o…o-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -ahahahah-) 1) keTeba, qmna. 2) gaCena.

�‘yo�‘yo�‘yo�‘yo II, IV (mr. b‘y‰b‘y‰b‘y‰b‘y‰) didi

�it�it�it�it¾¾¾¾-alalalal II, IV (�it�it�it�it¾¾¾¾eeee-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) 1. srola, tyorcna. 2. mokvla, daxvreta.

�ut�ut�ut�ut-al al al al II, IV (�u…ati�u…ati�u…ati�u…ati-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -…a…a…a…a-) 1. dawola. 2. Serxeva, Segroveba.

�al�al�al�al'oooo II, IV zmns. SuaSi, Soris

�al�al�al�al IV (-lililili, -babababa) kalooba, lewva

248

��Je��Je��Je��Je IV (��J��J��J��J-, -IIII, -bobobobo////-�a�a�a�a) sityva

�egal�egal�egal�egal-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -babababa-) miniSneba, Cveneba.

�ox�ox�ox�ox-alalalal II, IV (�oxi�oxi�oxi�oxi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa,-…a…a…a…a-) 1) daWera. 2) dapatimreba. 3) dakaveba. 4)

Casma. 5) moWra. 6) yidva.

�aza �aza �aza �aza zmns. kidev

�e�e�e�ennnnhhhh-alalalal IV (�e�e�e�ennnnhehehehe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) gaReba, gaxsna.

�oxol�oxol�oxol�oxol-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) Camokideba.

�iSel�iSel�iSel�iSel-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) gatexa, damsxvreva, cema.

��t��t��t��t¾¾¾¾elelelel-alalalal II, IV (-lolololo, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -babababa-) cema, Cexa, dakvra (taSisa)

�‘W�‘W�‘W�‘W-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, -C�C�C�C�, -��, -…�…�…�…�-) 1) daWra. 2) daCexva.

��ooooqCqCqCqC-alalalal II, IV (��oqCioqCioqCioqCi-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa) 1) aReba. 2) miReba.

�ol�ol�ol�olÀÀÀÀ-alalalal II, IV (�ol�ol�ol�olÀÀÀÀoooo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -…a…a…a…a-) 1) daSla. 2) gaTaveba, gamoleva. 3)

ganTavisufleba.

�oWWo�oWWo�oWWo�oWWo calieri

��owowowow-alalalal II, IV (�owi�owi�owi�owi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø, -…a…a…a…a-) 1: 1) gaZRoma. 2) gavseba. 2. gagdeba.

��akoakoakoako IV (�ak�ak�ak�ak-, -iiii, -…a…a…a…a) 1) guli. 2) Sua guli

�iJe�iJe�iJe�iJe III (-lililili, -bobobobo////-�a�a�a�a) dekeuli

�iRla�iRla�iRla�iRla IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) barZayi

�eg�eg�eg�eg-‰l‰l‰l‰l II, IV (�egaegaegaega-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, - _ _ _ _) 1) Cans. 2) xedva

�e�e�e�ennnnllllÀÀÀÀ IV (-lililili, -lalalala) karaqi

�i�i�i�innnnƒƒƒƒ-alalalal II, IV (�i�i�i�innnnƒoƒoƒoƒo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -�a�a�a�a-) 1) povna. 2) arseboba. 3) miReba.

oooonnnn

oooonnnnxxxx IV (-aaaa, -aaaa) 1. muceli; 2. jiblibo

oooonnnnzzzz IV (-iiii) Tovli

oooonnnnzzzz-…odo…odo…odo…odo (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a) Tovl-Wyapi

oooonnnnssss III (-iiii, -oooo) xari

249

oooonnnnqqoqqoqqoqqo (kap.), oooonnnnqroqroqroqro (tl.) IV (-lalalala, -…a…a…a…a) 1) fuli. 2) vercxli

÷÷÷÷nnnny÷n�y÷n�y÷n�y÷n� ricx. sax. oTxi

÷÷÷÷

÷l÷ƒ�n÷l÷ƒ�n÷l÷ƒ�n÷l÷ƒ�n I (-lililili, -lalalala) vaJkaci

÷J÷÷J÷÷J÷÷J÷ I (-didididi, -d�d�d�d�) vaJi

÷÷÷÷nnnn

÷÷÷÷nnnny÷n�y÷n�y÷n�y÷n� ricxv. sax. oTxi

pppp

pavlepavlepavlepavle III (-��ö, -�a�a�a�a) mamali kata

p�p�l÷p�p�l÷p�p�l÷p�p�l÷ 1) meloti. 2) SiSveli

pereziperezipereziperezi IV (-�a�a�a�a) kanafi

pimpalapimpalapimpalapimpala-p�pip�pip�pip�pi III (-lalalala, -�aro�aro�aro�aro) Ramura

pipitipipitipipitipipiti III (-��ö, -�a�a�a�a) tkipa

JJJJ

JaJaJaJa III (-lililili, -bobobobo) 1) yurZnis wveni. 2) Rvino

JeJeJeJe zmns. axla, amJamad

JeqeTJeqeTJeqeTJeqeT III (-lililili) Jaketi

JoJoJoJo IV (-lililili, -bobobobo) 1) niviT, sagani. 2) raRac, rame.

250

J÷JJ÷JJ÷JJ÷J IV (-lililili) Cirqi

JuJuJuJu || Juzu I, II (erg. hini) nacvalsax. Tavad

JuRJuRJuRJuR IV (-uuuu || -lililili, -lalalala) fanjara

rrrr

ralralralral ix. �al�al�al�al

ralralralralÀÀÀÀadadadad III (-lililili, -babababa) 1. zRva. 2. zmns. bevri.

raJeraJeraJeraJe ix. ��J ��J ��J ��J

ratratratrat¾¾¾¾ (< xunZ.) III (-lililili, -llllaaaa) 1) miwa, fuZe 2) qveyana

rrrreeeecccc (kap.) III (tl.) beccibeccibeccibecci (-lililili) qeba: rec �o…alrec �o…alrec �o…alrec �o…al Seqeba

r�h��r�h��r�h��r�h�� IV (-bbbbö, -babababa) kliteklitekliteklite

rotrotrotrot¾¾¾¾iiii (< xunZ.) IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) siyvaruli

ruuruuruuruu Sorisd. Cuu, suu (bavSvis dasawynarebeli xmianoba)

ssss

saday saday saday saday IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) Sesawiravi, ZRveni

sassassassas III (-lililili) bgera, xma

sassi�aƒsassi�aƒsassi�aƒsassi�aƒ-alalalal CaCumeba, mineleba.

saRabsaRabsaRabsaRab ix. saRab

saxabsaxabsaxabsaxab janmrTeli

saxlsaxlsaxlsaxlÀÀÀÀiiii (< xunZ.) IV (-lalalala) janmrTeloba

sa‡aTsa‡aTsa‡aTsa‡aT || S�‡�TS�‡�TS�‡�TS�‡�T III (-b�b�b�b�, -babababa) 1) saaTi. 2) saaTi drois gagebiT.

sidisidisidisidi-hohohohonnnnsosososo (kap.), sidisidisidisidi-hoshoshoshos (tl.) nacvalsax. erTmaneTi

sikosikosikosiko IV (erg. sikasikasikasika, -dadadada) piri

simosimosimosimo III (simsimsimsim-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a, -dadadada) 1. naRvela, naRvlis buSti. 2. brazi.

251

sinosinosinosino III (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a || -dadadada) 1) fiwali. 2) Cangali

si�odsi�odsi�odsi�od || si�o nacvalsax. ra

so��so��so��so��-aaaa III (-Ø || -lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1. cxeni. 2. talRa

si�osi�osi�osi�o || si�odsi�odsi�odsi�od kiTx. nacvalsax. ra

sipisipisipisipi (kap.), SipiSipiSipiSipi (xaS.) IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a////-rararara) sipi, qvis brtyeli fila

sifaTsifaTsifaTsifaT IV (-babababa) saxe, Sesaxedaoba.

sisisisinnnn (kap.), ssssi�i�i�i� (tl.) III (-lililili || -Ø, -bobobobo) 1. daTvi. 2. bude

sorasorasorasora III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) mela

sukosukosukosuko I, II (-Ø, -bobobobo) 1: 1) adamiani. 2) sxva. 2. nacvalsax. vin

tttt

teqteqteqteq IV (-lililili, -lalalala) wigni

tigatigatigatiga III (-lililili, - _) 1. vaci. 2. Semwvari da daberili marcvali

tigantigantigantigan IV (-lililili, -lalalala) 1. Zalayini: tigan bicos, qid di�e! ZalayiniviT (zedmiw.

`Zalayini mklavis~) Cemo gogona! 2. erTgvari wvrili Toki.

tikamantikamantikamantikaman || qitamanqitamanqitamanqitaman III (-lililili, -lalalala) xis yuTi

tolitolitolitoli toli

tottottottot-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) daCexva, danamceceba, daRrRna.

tottottottot-alalalal I, tittittittit-alalalal II, tuttuttuttut-alalalal III, IV (-…a…a…a…a-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa) 1. srola, tyorcna.

2. gadagdeba. 3. gamogdeba, gamoricxva.

t÷t÷t÷t÷‡‡‡‡�� IV (-lililili, - _) xelkveri, CaquCi

252

tttt¾¾¾¾

tttt¾¾¾¾aloaloaloalo IV (tttt¾¾¾¾‹al‹al‹al‹al-, -iiii, -…a…a…a…a) qva

tttt¾¾¾¾amoamoamoamo III (tttt¾¾¾¾amamamam-, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a) baniani saxuravi

tttt¾¾¾¾a�yena a�yena a�yena a�yena (kap.), tttt¾¾¾¾aryenaaryenaaryenaaryena IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1. unagiri. 2. amxedrebuli, zeiTa.

tttt¾¾¾¾arararar ix. tttt¾¾¾¾odoodoodoodo

tttt¾¾¾¾‰‰‰‰ zmns. 1) ukan. 2) Semdeg

tttt¾¾¾¾i�pi�pi�pi�p III (-lililili, -aaaa) 1. girCi. 2. erTgvari Rvezeli

tttt¾¾¾¾odoodoodoodo zmns. zemoT, zed

tttt¾¾¾¾isunisunisunisun II (tl.) patarZali. ix. tttt¾¾¾¾uSenuSenuSenuSen.

tttt¾¾¾¾otototot¾¾¾¾tttt¾¾¾¾oooo IV (tttt¾¾¾¾otototot¾¾¾¾tttt¾¾¾¾-, -aaaa, -‰‰‰‰) ficari

tttt¾¾¾¾orzi�o…orzi�o…orzi�o…orzi�o…-alalalal II, IV (tttt¾¾¾¾urzi�ourzi�ourzi�ourzi�o-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -ahahahah-) datrialeba, dabruneba

tttt¾¾¾¾uSenuSenuSenuSen I, II (-lililili || -aaaa, -lalalala) 1. nefe. 2. patarZali. tttt¾¾¾¾apunapunapunapun zmns. male, swrafad.

uuuu

unTiunTiunTiunTi III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) avadmyofoba

uCiTeluCiTeluCiTeluCiTel I, II ix. k aso

‘‘‘‘

‘yo‘yo‘yo‘yo I (‘y‘y‘y‘y-, -aaaa) ufrosi, Tavkaci

ffff

faTfaTfaTfaT III (-lililili) taSi

fa�dafa�dafa�dafa�da III (-lililili) sargebloba, seiri

farayaTfarayaTfarayaTfarayaT: : : : farayaT �o…alfarayaT �o…alfarayaT �o…alfarayaT �o…al 1) mowyoba, dawvena. 2) damSvideba, daSoSmineba.

253

faCahfaCahfaCahfaCah I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) mefe

fiƒfiƒfiƒfiƒ IV (-lililili) xili

fuxifuxifuxifuxi IV (-lalalala) faRaraTi

qqqq

qa…qa…qa…qa… IV (-lililili, -lalalala) WiSkari, kari, bWe

qamilqamilqamilqamilaaaabbbb dasrulebuli, srulyofili

qaqqaqqaqqaq IV (-lililili, -lalalala) namazi

qaqaqaqannnn III (-nananana, mr. q‰q‰q‰q‰nnnnbobobobo) sanTeli

q�Celq�Celq�Celq�CelÀÀÀÀ-alalalal (q�Celq�Celq�Celq�CelÀÀÀÀiiii-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa, -babababa-) gaTeneba (Teneba)

qedqedqedqed III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) akvani. 2) nalia

qeteqeteqeteqete III (qetqetqetqet-, -iiii, -bobobobo || -�a�a�a�a) xis kovzi

qezi�aƒqezi�aƒqezi�aƒqezi�aƒ-alalalal II, IV (qezi�aƒiqezi�aƒiqezi�aƒiqezi�aƒi-, -�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -Ø) migebeba, Sexvedra

qeW qeW qeW qeW III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) simRera. 2. leqsi

qidqidqidqid II (qibqibqibqib-, -babababa, -babababa) gogo, asuli: qibbas qid `SviliSvili~ (xedmiw. `gogos

gogo~).

qilqilqilqil IV (-lililili || -oooo, -lalalala) rkina

qiriqiriqiriqiri III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) mowyaleba, madliereba

qqqqiiiiCCCC-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -cacacaca, -aaaa) gagrZeleba, gangrZoba

qisaqisaqisaqisa III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) jibe

qiqi�oqiqi�oqiqi�oqiqi�o wvrili, patara

qo…oqo…oqo…oqo…o (qo…qo…qo…qo…-, -aaaa) mejvare

qotqotqotqot III (-lililili, -lalalala) Sardis buSti

qotqotqotqot-aaaa IV (-iiii, - _ _ _ _) ukanali, dunduli

qollqollqollqoll'oooo || qolqolqolqol'oooo zed. sax. muqi, bindisferi

qŒqŒqŒqŒ (kap.), qoroqoroqoroqoro (tl.) (-Ø, -dadadada) xeli, xelis mtevani

254

RRRR

RazaRazaRazaRaza III (-lililili) swrafva, survili

R�SeR�SeR�SeR�Se III (-iiii, -bobobobo) cxvris tyavi

ResResResRes-alalalal (ReSeReSeReSeReSe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, -�a�a�a�a-) daketva, daxurva

RinoRinoRinoRino III (-lililili) Rvino

RodoRodoRodoRodo gora

yyyy

yabulyabulyabulyabul: : : : yyyyabul �o…alabul �o…alabul �o…alabul �o…al II, IV 1) darwmuneba. 2) dakmayofileba. 3) miReba

(viRacisa).

yalamyalamyalamyalam III (-lililili, -babababa) fanqari

yawwoyawwoyawwoyawwo || yawoyawoyawoyawo zmns. erTad

y‰wy‰wy‰wy‰w-alalalal II, IV (-�o�o�o�o, (cacacaca, -aaaa, -Ø-) xvrepa

y�my�my�my�m IV (-iiii, -aaaa) 1) Tavi: azak y�mSoazak y�mSoazak y�mSoazak y�mSo Tavkombala. 2) saTauri. 3) meTauri. 4) Tavi.

IV (-Ø) bavSvi

yere yere yere yere ��eCaleCaleCaleCal II, IV dajdoma zedmiw. `Zirs gaCereba~)

yeroyeroyeroyero IV (yeryeryeryer-, -aaaa, -dadadada) mxari

yeyyoyeyyoyeyyoyeyyo vrceli, farTo

yilmayilmayilmayilma IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) samxreTi

yimaTyimaTyimaTyimaT III (-lililili, -bbbbaaaa) 1) fasi. 2) pativi

yimaTab yimaTab yimaTab yimaTab Zvirfasi

yi� yi� yi� yi� IV (-Ø || -lililili, -bobobobo || -lalalala) saburveli, zewari

yolhuyolhuyolhuyolhu III (-lalalala) 1) qelexi.

yolhuyolhuyolhuyolhu-�lh�m�lh�m�lh�m�lh�m III (-lililili) 1) qelexis locva. 2) locva

yonayonayonayona (yonyonyonyon-, -iiii) ricxv. sax. ori

yonasyonasyonasyonas ricxv. sax. meore

yorolyorolyorolyorol // yoronyoronyoronyoron I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) qvrivi

255

yoyŒyoyŒyoyŒyoyŒ || yoyo�oyoyo�oyoyo�oyoyo�o mZaRe, myrali

yu…aTyu…aTyu…aTyu…aT III (-lililili, -lalalala) Zala, Zliereba

yulhuyulhuyulhuyulhu III (-lalalala) qelexi

yumisyumisyumisyumis III (-lililili, -lalalala) kumisi

yutiyutiyutiyuti III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) xelSekruleba, SeTanxmeba

SSSS

Sa�tan Sa�tan Sa�tan Sa�tan III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) eSmaki, qaji. 2) titveli adamiani.

SartSartSartSart III (-lililili) piroba

SaharSaharSaharSahar III (-babababa, -babababa || -lalalala) 1. qalaqi. 2. alvisxe

SahiSahiSahiSahi IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) xuTi kapiki

SebloSebloSebloSeblo III (-aaaa || -lililili, -…a…a…a…a) 1) nekni. 2) gverdi.

Sebla‡Sebla‡Sebla‡Sebla‡ zmns. gverdiT, maxloblad

SeloSeloSeloSelo IV (erg. SelSelSelSel-aaaa || SeloSeloSeloSelo-lililili, -…a…a…a…a/-dadadada) rqa

SiSiSiSi (tl.) III (-lililili, -rodarodarodaroda) 1) logini. 2) bude.

SiJoSiJoSiJoSiJo ix. ssssi�oi�oi�oi�o

SuldiSuldiSuldiSuldi IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) Sindi

S‘goS‘goS‘goS‘go III (-��, -olololol) 1. cxeni. 2. faSati

S‘naS‘naS‘naS‘na III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1) saflavi. 2) sasaflao

S‘S�S‘S�S‘S�S‘S� (kap.), SuSaSuSaSuSaSuSa (tl.) IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) boTli

CCCC

CardaxCardaxCardaxCardax (kap.), Cardaq (tl.) III (-lililili, -lalalala) sxveni, Tavani

CafarCafarCafarCafar I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) Sikriki, mstovari.

CiraƒCiraƒCiraƒCiraƒ IV (-lililili, -lalalala) lampa

Co�Co�Co�Co� III (-bbbbö, -babababa) 1. simi, mili. 2. webo.

256

-Co�Co�Co�Co� Tand. -viT

CurRelCurRelCurRelCurRel (-lililili) mweri

cccc

cancancancan || canicanicanicani III (-nananana, -nananana) Txa

cacacacannnn III (c‰c‰c‰c‰nnnn-, -lililili, -bobobobo////-aaaa) varskvlavi.

cacacacannnn IV (cicicicinnnn�a�a�a�a) 1. marili, 2. xseni.

collocollocollocollo gaumaZRari. collo ocollo ocollo ocollo onnnnx x x x Rormucela.

wwww

wadiwadiwadiwadi IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) wadi (xis toti, romelzedac kideben kamfetebs, namcxvrebs

da a. S.).

waywaywayway ix. �il�il�il�il'aaaa

wemuw wemuw wemuw wemuw || WemuW WemuW WemuW WemuW III (-aaaa, -aaaa) kvercxi

witwitwitwit IV (-aaaa, -aaaa) dana

wiqawiqawiqawiqa III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) 1) mina. 2) sarke

wiqewiqewiqewiqe III (-lililili, -�a�a�a�a) rwyili

wowowowo IV (-��, -bobobobo) 1) cecxli. 2) temperatura

wobwobwobwob III (-lililili) mowyaleba, gulkeTiloba

wulawulawulawula IV (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) wili

wuluwuluwuluwulu IV (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a) isari

wu�amah wu�amah wu�amah wu�amah I (-lililili, -lalalala) mSiSara, laCari

wuiwuiwuiwui��abababab dedali

257

WWWW

WadWadWadWad IV (-lililili, -lalalala) mamisaxli

WalWalWalWal'-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -aaaa, mr. W�lW�lW�lW�l'alalalal) 1) dabneva. 2) tyorcna. 3. dasxma.

WeWeWeWe IV (-lililili) qeri

WitWitWitWit ix. witwitwitwit

WotiWotiWotiWoti IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) 1) lobio. 2) lobios sufi

xxxx

xaba�xaba�xaba�xaba� (kap.), xabarxabarxabarxabar (xaS., tl.) III (-lililili, -lalalala) ambavi, Setyobineba, moTxroba

xaly xaly xaly xaly (xalyixalyixalyixalyi-, -lalalala) xalxi

xaraCinxaraCinxaraCinxaraCin III (-lililili, -lalalala) celi

xasgu xasgu xasgu xasgu zmns. gansakuTrebiT

xau‡xau‡xau‡xau‡ Sorisd. wisqvilis dolabis xmianoba

x�b�x�b�x�b�x�b� III (-l�l�l�l�, - _ _ _ _) 1) fexi. 2) nabiji

xexsaxexsaxexsaxexsa (kap.), xexSa xexSa xexSa xexSa (tl.) swrafad, male

xilaxilaxilaxila III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) xrtili, myesi

xo�Roxo�Roxo�Roxo�Ro III (-lililili, -…a…a…a…a) xerxi

xiri�a…xiri�a…xiri�a…xiri�a… (< xunZ.) 1. didebuli, faseuli. 2. Zvirfasi

xissatxissatxissatxissat¾¾¾¾aaaa, xiSat xiSat xiSat xiSat¾¾¾¾aaaa (kap.), xiStxiStxiStxiSt¾¾¾¾aaaa (tl.) dilas, zmns. dilabindze, dilaadrian

-xoxoxoxo IV (-lolololo) xorci

xokaxokaxokaxoka III (-lililili, - _ _ _ _) xinkali

x÷x÷ x÷x÷ x÷x÷ x÷x÷ III (x÷xx÷xx÷xx÷x-, -iiii, -b÷b÷b÷b÷) 1) xe. 2) buCqi

xulxulxulxul'-alalalal (-�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -…a…a…a…a-) 1. sma. 2. moweva. 3. xvrepa.

258

ƒƒƒƒ

ƒazaƒazaƒazaƒaza I, II (-bbbbö, -babababa) qarTveli

ƒaT ƒaT ƒaT ƒaT III (-lililili, -lalalala) 1) xelisguli. 2) sila

ƒarTa�ƒarTa�ƒarTa�ƒarTa� II (-lililili, -lalalala) rokapi

ƒ�S�ƒ�S�ƒ�S�ƒ�S� IV (-lililili, - ____) piri

ƒibƒibƒibƒib-oooo III (-aaaa, -…a…a…a…a) xorbali

ƒoƒoƒoƒo IV (-��) 1. boli, kvamli. 2. komli

ƒonaƒonaƒonaƒona (ƒonƒonƒonƒon-, -iiii) oci

ƒo…ƒo…ƒo…ƒo…-alalalal (ƒoƒoƒoƒo-//ƒohƒohƒohƒoh-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, -ahahahah-) 1) kiTxva. 2) xseneba, rqmeva. 3) Tvla.

ƒohdagiƒohdagiƒohdagiƒohdagi I, II (-�a�a�a�a, mr. ƒohdabagi�aƒohdabagi�aƒohdabagi�aƒohdabagi�a) mowafe

ƒohdƒohdƒohdƒohd-‰l‰l‰l‰l (-�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -babababa-) 1) kiTxva, 2) swavla

ƒoƒoƒoƒoƒoƒoƒoƒo mSrali

ƒublƒublƒublƒublÀÀÀÀiiii IV (-lalalala) WuWyi, usufTaoba

hhhh

habohabohabohabo || habo�habo�habo�habo� IV (-Ø // -�a�a�a�a, -dadadada // -�a�a�a�a) wisqvili

hazna hazna hazna hazna gundi, grova

hakhakhakhak ix. di‡idi‡idi‡idi‡i

halalhalalhalalhalalÀÀÀÀcocococo III (-lalalala, -…a…a…a…a) fexsacmeli

haJaT �aƒhaJaT �aƒhaJaT �aƒhaJaT �aƒ-alalalal saWiroebis qona, esaWiroeba ix. iaxaliaxaliaxaliaxal

haJaTabhaJaTabhaJaTabhaJaTab saWiro, aucilebeli

hashashashas IV (-aaaa, -aaaa) 1) ca. 2) burusi.

haqillhaqillhaqillhaqill-alalalal (haqillihaqillihaqillihaqilli-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -aaaa, mr. hhhh’’’’qiqiqiqi-llalllalllalllal) 1) Zebna, Zieba. 2) gasinjva,

daTvaliereba.

hathathathat¾¾¾¾aaaa zmns. fexiT, qveiTad

h�durabh�durabh�durabh�durab damTavrebuli, gamzadebuli

h�lti h�lti h�lti h�lti III (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) 1) samuSao. 2) saqme.

259

h��h��h��h�� (kap.), (-Ø, -d�d�d�d�) 1) Tvali. 2) saWvreteli.

h��m�nh��m�nh��m�nh��m�n (kap.), ha�malha�malha�malha�mal (tl.) III (-lililili, -lalalala) saqoneli

h�yh�yh�yh�y III (-lililili) 1. codva. 2. simarTle, samarTlianoba. 3. fasi, Rirebuleba.

hahahahannnnyyayyayyayya (kap.), hanyahanyahanyahanya (tl.) 1. ricx. sax. erTxel. 2.

h�swiwh�swiwh�swiwh�swiw IV (-lililili, -lalalala) wamwami

hidocihidocihidocihidoci (kap.), hidolhidolhidolhidol'iiii (xaS.), hidoccohidoccohidoccohidocco (tl.) IV (-lalalala, -�a�a�a�a) Crdili

hizhizhizhiz IV (-lililili) Wvavi, svili hinohinohinohino IV (-lililili, -dadadada || -…a…a…a…a) gza

holholholhol'o‡o‡o‡o‡ zmns. aqeT. holholholhol'o‡o‡o‡o‡-hilhilhilhil'o‡o‡o‡o‡ aqeT-iqiT

hilhilhilhilÀÀÀÀxxxx-alalalal (hilhilhilhilÀÀÀÀxoxoxoxo-, -�o�o�o�o, -ssss, -Ø, -babababa-) 1) darCena. 2) CamorCena.

hiqcohiqcohiqcohiqco zmns. gaocebiT, gakvirvebiT.

hihihihinnnn IV (-Ø, mr. h‹h‹h‹h‹nnnnbobobobo) rZe

hihihihinnnnwwww-alalalal (hihihihinnnnWeWeWeWe-, -�o�o�o�o, -SSSS, -Ø) SiSis qona

hihihihinnnnwwww-alalalal (hihihihinnnnWeWeWeWe-, -�o�o�o�o, -wowowowo, -Ø, -�aba�aba�aba�aba-) SeSineba (eSinia)

hiwohiwohiwohiwo IV (-Ø) SiSi

hobolhobolhobolhobol I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) stumari

hobollhobollhobollhobollÀÀÀÀiiii IV (-lalalala) stumarTmoyvareoba

holo holo holo holo II, III (holholholholÀÀÀÀllllÀÀÀÀoooo) Cveneb. nacvalsax. es

hogohogohogohogo II, III (hoghoghoghog-, -llll'oooo, -ŒlŒlŒlŒl) nacvalsax. is, igi

honohonohonohono II, III (honlhonlhonlhonlÀÀÀÀoooo mr. honrolhonrolhonrolhonrol) Cveneb. nacv. sax. es

hohohohonnnnssss, hos hos hos hos ricxv. sax. 1. erTi. 2. erTi, viRac.

hohohohonnnnkkkk IV (-lililili, -lalalala) xma, bgera

hoqcodoihoqcodoihoqcodoihoqcodoi zmns. Soriaxlo

hocc‰ hocc‰ hocc‰ hocc‰ myrali

hugihugihugihugi I, IV (hogcohogcohogcohogco) Cveneb. nacvalsax. is, igi

hugid‰hugid‰hugid‰hugid‰-hoTT‰ hoTT‰ hoTT‰ hoTT‰ zmns. yvelgan (zedmiw. ìq-aq~)

hudullhudullhudullhudullÀÀÀÀiiii IV (-lalalala) 1) megobroba. 2) megobrebi

hunihunihunihuni (tl.) I, IV (erg. honsohonsohonsohonso) Cveneb. nacvalsax. es

260

aaaaitaitaitaita (tl.) IV (-lililili, -rolrolrolrol) marla, dolbandi

�re�re�re�re (tl.) ix. h��h��h��h��

urulenurulenurulenurulen II (-lililili, -lalalala) feria

‡‡‡‡

‡adam‡adam‡adam‡adam, �d�m �d�m �d�m �d�m I, II (-lililili, -lalalala) adamiani, kaci

‡�l‡�l‡�l‡�l' || ‡al‡al‡al‡al' IV (-aaaa, -�� || -lalalala) sofeli.

‡a‡a‡a‡annnncccc IV (-iiii || -lililili, -aaaa || -lalalala) kari

‡a‡a‡a‡annnnRRRRÀÀÀÀal�lal�lal�lal�lÀÀÀÀC÷C÷C÷C÷ IV (-lililili, -…�…�…�…�) sayure

‡a‡a‡a‡annnn‡u‡u‡u‡unnnn III (-Ø, -…a…a…a…a) saxedari

‡ilalla‡ilalla‡ilalla‡ilalla III (-lililili) locva

‡irmato‡irmato‡irmato‡irmato (xaS., tl.) ix. ‡a‡a‡a‡annnn‡u‡u‡u‡unnnn

261

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara

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