Anatol Vieru - Eseuri (Bucuresti 2001-2003)

7/8/2019 Anatol Vieru - Eseuri (Bucuresti 2001-2003)

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7

ardlmcg ķ˅m tsrmso bgbco

Gmgtao Ulcrs

TCVT

cwslugocm`cp

cppglp

2::0

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arlnlmgo tcvtp8

2::7 Mlmg Ulcrs % fgpcecr &Bs`fgrcpt, [lpbm <>0)6:)35)406Y

2::7‐2::0 Mlmg Ulcrs &Bs`fgrcpt, [lmcdltgY

pcàmd &rculpcd, cdltlam8 Gdrlgm Rcxsp¶ % Parlm Ulcrs &cdp-,

2::0 Mlmg Ulcrs &Bs`fgrcpt/ Raigmlg, [raigmlgm tcvtY

2::7 Gmdrc Ulcrs &Zgrlp/ Ergm`c, [ercm`f tcvtY

2::7 Nlmg @azg`l &Bs`fgrcpt/ Raigmlg, [trgmpogtlamY

2::7 Zgp`go Bcmtals &Bs`fgrcpt/ Raigmlg, [raigmlgm tcvtY

2::7 Mlàogc @ghgo &Bs`fgrcpt/ Raigmlg, [raigmlgm tcvtY

2::7 Paoaiam Igr`sp &Bs`fgrcpt/ Raigmlg, [raigmlgm tcvtY 2::7 Radl`g Lolcpà &Zgrlp/ Ergm`c, [oana @cmtgsrc Y

2::0 cwslugocm`cp [zdeOGTCV ‐ f|zcrp`rccmY

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zrads`cd b| zdeTCV 74-f %

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f|zcrrce 7<<3‐2::7 Pcbgptlgm Rgftx

f|zcrp`rccm 2::7)2::2 Gdrlgm Rcxsp¶ [bgpcd am zdep`rccmY

zdep`rccm 7<<<‐2::7 @- U- Rgdfgkrlpfmgm

t|zcpct b| raigmlgmTCV 7<<4‐2::7 Gdrlgm Rcxsp¶

zrlmtcd lm tfc mctfcrogmdp ‐ 7>tf Hso| 2::0

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ARDLMCG L˅M TSRMSO BGBCO

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3

L˅mpcimgrl dcpzrc grtg

ISXL@G P¶L ’DCPZRC ISXL@G‟7

Dcpzrc isxl`g pc pzsmc `g cptc a grtg ecrl`ltg/ lmd`g ķ˅m gegrg dc àmt¶lmst ¶pl earigms igl grc mlil` got`cug- Zcmtrs plit¶srloc magptrc cg pc rcds`c gzgrcmt msigl ogearig; `˅ķmd uarbli dcpzrc àmt¶lmst/ isxl`g zgr`g pc uaogtlolxcgxg/ ķ˅m`ctcgxg pg cvlptc;dg`g mc rcecrli msigl og ilhoag`coc cl dc cvzrcplc/ isxl`g iagrc/ pc naoc¶ptc dc ulgt¶g¶pl pcmp- Isxl`g cptc a grtg msdg ¶pl taìgl dc g`ccg a dlp`st¶lc dcpzrc cg pc zogpcgxg

licdlgt og ablc`t- P`rllmd sm raigm dcpzrc àmdlt¶lg grtcl ¶pl g grtlptsosl/ Tfaigp Igmmg zrcecrgt pg pc vcxc gpszrg isxl`ll/ dc¶pl g gust mcualc zcmtrs gptg dc àmpsotgmt¶lpzc`lgol¶ptl; co paàtcg/ zc bsmg drcztgtc/ `g dl`sotgt¶loc dc lmearigrc ¶pl àizctcmt¶guar àizcmpgtc dc ķ˅mpg¶pl ecrtloltgtcg tcrcmsosl gocp- Sm mlib dc cmlnig g ķ˅màmhsrgtķ˅mtatdcgsmg g`cgptg grtg `grc ghsmnc og cpcmt¶g dc)g drcztso/ egrg zsm`tc dc pzrlhlm/`grc ‐ dg`g pc zagtc pzsmc g¶pg ‐ gtlmnc psflctso egrg g ptrgzsmnc àrzso-

7- Isxl`g u˖ gxst˖ g ķ˅m 7<54- Gzgrst ķ˅m ’Pcàoso 2:‟-

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Smdc ķ˅m`czc n˅ķmdlrcg dcpzrc isxl`g

@g arngmlpi lmtcnrs/ isxl`g ds`cg a cvlptcmt¶g ecrl`ltg ¶pl n˅ķmdcg eagrtc zst¶lm dcpzrc

plmc; cg pc `sma¶ptcg zrcg zst¶lm ¶pl ms `snctg gpszrg pg ķ˅mpg¶pl8 trglg ’˅ķm plmc‟ ¶pl pc zrlucgdlmgsmtrs- Pc n˅ķmdcg igl isot’

isxl`g‟ dc`ķ˅t dcpzrc isxl`g- Pc uarbcg noabgo/ egrgdlptlm`t¶ll psbt¶lrl ķ˅mtrc àmt¶lmst ¶pl earig- Uc`fll igc¶ptrl gucgs sm eco ogzldgr ¶pl mgludc)g n˅ķmdl ¶pl uarbl dcpzrc grtg oar/ rcecrltar igl gocp og

’`si‟ pc eg`c grtg/ egrg ķ˅mpg g

àmesmdg g`cpt’

`si‟ `s `c cvzrlig cg/ lmd g¶pgdgr dczgrtc dc earigolpi; pguagrcgmglug g n˅ķmdlrll bgtrķ˅mloar ic¶ptcrl dcmatg c`flolbrso grtcl ¶pl go n˅ķmdlrll ‐ crg pcim dcpgmgtgtc/ dc ķ˅mt¶cocz`lsmc ¶pl ms pgrg`lc `s dsfso- Zrg`tl`g isxl`gog crg ¶pl cg

’mglug‟;

grtlptso rgpzsmdcg àicmxloar dc ardlm pa`lgo/ zgrtl`sogr/ a`gxlamgo/ zcdgnanl` ‐ mc)ilhoa`lt/ `s smcotcoc pgoc; co trglg ķ˅izg`gt ‐ dg`g ms `s plmc ¶pl `s osicg/ dgr `co zst¶lm`s grtg pg ¶pl `s zsbol`so; dcxgàrdso `s gp`sotgtarso crg trc`gtar ¶pl ms esmdgicmtgo;dg`g os`rgrcg ms zog`cg/ crg c dlm `gsxg zrcg il`sosl tgocmt/ c dlm mczatrlulrc dcnsptsrl/ c zcmtrs `g grtlptso ķ˅¶pl dczg¶pcg ķ˅mtr)a igpsrg cza`g- Dc goteco/ `rcgtarso mslmtcmt¶lamg a ictgisxl`g/ a isxl`g esm`lgricmtc masg/ dcgpszrg isxl`ll- Ms ķ˅mpg egrgcv`czt¶ll; gmsiltc os`rgrl g¶pg)xlpc

’egrg t¶co‟ `si gr dc cvcizos

’Grtg esnll‟ dc Bg`f

gr trcbsl zrlultc `g ķ˅m`cr`grl dc g dg zratatlzsrl ķ˅m isxl`g; esnloc g`cocg mcigllmdos`rgrl abl¶pmsltc/ tcicoc ¶pl dcpeg¶psrgrcg oar pc psbolicgxg dc cocicmtc `s rcecrlmt¶gàm`rctg; coc psmt Esnl `s oltcrg igrc/ gtat`szrlmxgtagrc/ gu˅ķmd sm dlgzgxam ķ˅m `grczagtc lmtrg tat ¶pl `grc zrcpszsmc a zocmltsdlmc g àmtcizogt¶lcl- G¶pg igl psmt ¶pl gotcos`rgrl dc àigmdg lmtcrlagrg/ zrads`t¶lsml pzlrltsgoc lmtlic goc smsl grtlpt ghsmp dlm)àoa dc igtsrltgtc; ùgrtctso mr- 7> &

’Igrcg esng‟, dc Bcctfaucm/ `s giblt¶lg dc g

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Grtg g esnll‟ cptc ¶pl co a gpteco dc os`rgrc- Gpcicmcg azcrc psmt ¶pl grtg ‐ ¶pl grtg

dcpzrc grtg/ dszg `si Nactfc ¶pl Tfaigp Igmm ķ˅¶pl ķ˅mpat¶cgs smcoc os`rgrl dc hsrmgoso

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lmtli go `rcgrll oar- 2 Dgr/ grtg dcpzrc grtg zrcpszsmc a srlg¶pg `smag¶ptcrc g ulct¶ll ¶pl ggrtcl/ gu˅ķmd dgtarlg dc g rgiķ˅mc ķ˅m zogmso pcmplblo; ķ˅m `gx àmtrgr/ `ccg `c urcg pg cesmdgicmtgo dculmc lmàmplptcmt ¶pl grld-

Isxl`g ķ˅m ptgrc dc ecrl`lrc

Dcbspp| pzsmcg `g ķ˅m Bg`f ngpc¶ptl tatso; Rcmalr ‐ g`cog¶pl os`rs dcpzrc Ucogpwscx-Lizrcplg `g og ògpl`l ngpc¶ptl tatso ms c nrc¶pltg; maloc `srcmtc ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pc rcucmdl`gzc bsmg drcztgtc dc og ògpl l- Dgr ògpl loar oc ucmcg s¶par; daicmlso isxl ll crg iglrcptr˅ķmp/ ilhoag`coc dc cvzrcplc ‐ igl zst¶lmc; msigrso gàrdsrloar crg oliltgt/ rcnsoloc

igl plizoc/ ar`fcptrg igl pgrg`g; a ecsdg pc ptgzķ˅mc¶ptc igl s¶par ¶pl igl gstarltgr dc`ķ˅tsm lizcrls- Cl crgs ¶pl igl iadc¶ptl8 gucgs zrctcmt¶lsml igl il`l/ ķ˅m p`flib rcgolxgrloccrgs eagrtc igrl; rgzartso dlmtrc mgxslmt¶c ¶pl ķ˅megztslrl crg eguargblo g`cptarg dlm srig-Ms msigl ķ˅m xlococ magptrc/ dgr `flgr ķ˅m`czķ˅md `s raigmtl`ll/ `grc darcgs pg gtrlbslcgrtcl zstcrl ¶pl esm`t¶lsml

’dlm gegrg‟/ ulpsrloc ¶pl lmtcmt¶lloc nrgmdlagpc ķ˅mtrc` rcgolxgrcg/

c`lcmt¶g grtlptl`g rgiķ˅mc igl iadcptg-

Iaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm psmt dasg dlm zst¶lmcoc zlp`srl isxl`goc dlmàoa dc marl/ dc

smdc mcigrnlmlrcg grtlptl`g zagtc àmtcizogtg og igrl dczgrtgrl- Isotc lxuagrcgoc grtcl àmtcizargmc pc gflg gàoa ¶pl dc g`ccg uai p`rstg ¶pl mal g`cptc ķ˅mgot¶lil/cvcr`lt¶ls ercùcmt/ dc goteco/ zcmtrs aiso dc isxl`g dlm sotliso pcào ¶pl hsigtgtc-Zrlulrcg ķ˅m srig grc sm rapt uls8 gptg msili trgdlt¶lc; pàzso ms cptc g

’iaxgrtlxg‟ ¶pl

’bcctfaucmlxg‟ isxl`g/ `l g ngpl `s ghstarso igrloar `rcgtarl cocicmtc dc ab˅ķr¶plc goc

2- Dlecrltcoc’

grp zactl`g‟ pgs tcptgicmtc grtlptl`c psmt ¶pl ictg)grtg/ gdl`g n˅ķmdlrc dcpzrc grtg

ķ˅màrzargtg ķ˅m earig grtlptl`g/ dcucmltg grtg-

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grtcl-

&Dc goteco/ gxl/ zcrpzc`tlug lptarl`g mc eg`c pg cultgi g àmpldcrg pcàoso VLV pgsògpl`lpiso ulcmcx `g `cmtrso lptarlcl isxl`ll/ dszg `si isxl`g csrazcgmg ms czslxcgxg

isxl`g smlucrpgog-,

Iaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm ‐gmtlmailc ķ˅m `gdrso c`flolbrsosl ògpl`

@rcgt¶lg osl Iaxgrt rczrcxlmtg sm iaicmt dc dczolm gàrd `s plmc go isxl`ll @amtci)zogrcg azcrcl g`cptslg c a zcrigmcmtg psrpg dc ilrgrc- @aardamgtcoc grtcl pc rcgolxgsistsgo; tat¶l zgrgictrll isxl`ll crgs ķ˅izolmlt¶l/ ¶pl ms smso ķ˅izatrlug gotslg/ ķ˅m zgnsbg/ķ˅m zadg `coslogot/ `l ķ˅m griamlc `s `cogogot/ pzrc eaoapso ¶pl bs`srlg `coslogot- Dc g`l/ilrgàoso iaxgrtlgm/ c`flolbrso ķ˅mt¶coczt/ ersispct¶cg ¶pl zsrltgtcg iargog g g`cptcl grtc-

Smlucrpso isxl`go ķ˅m `grc pc il¶p`g Iaxgrt cptc zrcptgblolt; zrlig os`rgrc a zrcucdczc sotlig ¶pl ms zat¶l lignlmg ķ˅m `c gotg dlrc`t¶lc gr zstst cuaosg Iaxgrt &pzrc dcapcblrcdc Bcctfaucm `grc cptc icrcs lizrculxlblo,; cptc sm smlucrp zc `grc Iaxgrt ķ˅o iablocgxg`s `gzadazcrc; ms abpcrugi àtltsrl ķ˅m drsiso pgs/ `l trcztc tat igl ķ˅mgotc/ ¶poceslrltat igl zcrec`tc-

Cvlptg sm c`flolbrs ilmsmgt ķ˅mtrc p`fcig &griaml`g/ icoadl`g/ earigog/ ar`fcp)trgog, ¶pl pzamtgmcltgtc; grtlptso c ķ˅m gàrd dczolm `s p`fcig `c l pc zrazsmc; co l pcàmearicgxg pzamtgm/ rclmucmt˅ķmd)a `rcgtar dc ill dc arl- @g ¶pl og Rgegco Pgmxla/gplptgi og a zsmcrc ķ˅m zgnlmg/ zc `˅ķt dc plizog ¶pl rgt¶lamgog/ zc gt˅ķt dc àmulmngtagrc¶pl zolmg dc egric`-

Rcogt¶lg ķ˅mtrc ncmcrgo ¶pl zgrtl`sogr ķ˅m g`cgptg grtg rgiķ˅mc ¶pl cg sm psblc`t dc

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icdltgt¶lc ¶pl cmtsxlgpi- Isxl`g osl Iaxgrt zgrc earigtg ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlic dlm cocicmtcàm`rctc/ zgrtl`sogrc; og zrlig ucdcrc c a tlzl`g grtg raàà- Gpzc`tcoc dc cza`g/ ig)mlcrg/ ncm/ zgr g sizoc ķ˅mtrcgng pszrgegt¶g g isxl`ll; dgr coc psmt dagr a zagrtg dc

lmtrgrc pzrc gbptrg`t¶lsml ķ˅m `grc z˅ķmg og srig mc rgtg`li; dcdcpsbt dcpàzcrli ptrs )tsrl àizocvc/ dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl gbptrg`tc/ g¶pg ķ˅m`ķ˅t grtg osl Iaxgrt ķ˅¶pl ngpc¶ptc gsdltarlķ˅m zsbol`so dc ilolagmc `g ¶pl ķ˅m g`cog `c pc msigrg zc dcnctc- Zl`gmtcrlg licdlgtg pcgpa`lgxg lmtcmt¶lloar cpatcrl`c- Gmgolx˅ķmd g`cgptg isxl`g/ ngpli a pzocmdldg ķ˅iblmgrc gķ˅mtrcnsosl `s dctgolso; t¶cpgtsrg tlizsosl/ flsldltgtcg osl psmt ilrg`soagpc; cucmlicm)tcoc isxl goc psmt dlptrlbsltc zcrec`t ‐ ml`l gnoaicrgtc ptseap/ ml`l rgrcgtc z˅ķmg oglmàmplptcmt¶g; rcogt¶lg dlmtrc dcmpltgtcg igtcrlgososl isxl`go ¶pl g`ccg g tlizsosl cptc

aztlig ķ˅m `gdrso ptlososl dgt; a gnanl`g dc rgmgicmt pszrci mc trc`c zrlm egt¶g a`fl)oar; psmctcoc p`gzgrg `g eapearso/ lgr gmgolxcl ķ˅l p`gzg taìgl `srncrcg ‐ `grc mc ogpgicrcs ķ˅m srig- Ha`so lma`cmt go psmctcoar pc rldl`g/ pzrc cvcizos/ ķ˅m mgoso plieaml)cl

’Hszltcr‟/ og a ķ˅mgotg lmtcoc`tsgoltgtc/ dķ˅mds)mc lizrcplg smar ic`gmlpic dc igrc

zcrec`t¶lsmc-

Ncmso smcl osil isxl`goc zc `grc a msicgi zrcptgbloltc ¶pl)g grgtgt zagtc igpsrg

`cg igl dczolmg ķ˅m ncmso `co igl ’lizsr‟ go g`cptcl grtc8 azcrg- @˅ķt tliz uar dglmsltcgtrcoc dc azcrg/ igrloc os`rgrl goc osl Iaxgrt uar cvlptg gogtsrl dc `ccg `c p)gp`rlp igl bsm ķ˅m g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc/ mcògtlmgtc dc gu˅ķmtsrl làmaògptc-

’Dam Hsgm‟/

`s dcpeg¶psrgrcg lizog`gblog/ `s giblnsltgtcg g`ccg tlzl` iaxgrtlgmg ķ˅mtrc àicdlc ¶pltrgncdlc/ `s gzgrcmtg ablc`tlultgtc egt¶g dc g`t¶lsmloc sigmc/ zcdczplmd ķ˅mpg `rsmt mc)ocnlslrloc/ ug ķ˅marg ¶pl ug dcoc`tg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg- Dgr

’Eogstso ecric`gt‟/ g`cgptg isxl`g

lig`sogtg/ dc zsrltgtcg dlgigmtsosl ¶pl ligtcrlgoltgtcg `cg igl dczolmg/ `s ptrgmlloc cl

lmtcmt¶ll cpatcrl`c1 Pgs ’@apl egm tsttc‟/ ķ˅m `grc zrctcvtso mculmaugt/ ha`so egrg pe˅ķr¶plt

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go dcdsbogrloar ¶pl wslzrawsa)sosl cptc dczg¶plt/ dcp`flxķ˅mds)mc a e˅ķmt˅ķmg olizcdc ¶pl egrgesmd1

Bcctfaucm mc gzgrc `g azspso osl Iaxgrt- G`cpt àizaxltar pc `rccgx g zc plmc

tat tlizso; cptc grtlptso igrloar `crtltsdlml `rcgtagrc/ dgr ¶pl go igrloar mcolml¶ptl ‐ lgrul`tarlloc pgoc gs eapt abt¶lmstc zrlmtr)sm ceart tltgml` ¶pl sm rlp` àmtlmss- Co

’ngpc¶ptc‟

og tat zgpso &ocnlecr˅ķmd icrcs licmpcoc tcrcmsrl dcerl¶pgtc,/ dgr ms ķ˅m`ctcgxg ml`ladgtgg `gstg/ lmd`g ablc`tso grtcl pgoc pc p`flibg icrcs- Mlil` ms c zrcptgblolt ķ˅m osicggrtcl pgoc ‐ hsdc`˅ķmd dszg zrlicoc os`rgrl ms zat¶l zrcucdcg smdc ug ghsmnc; isrlmd/co ogpg a osic isxl`gog dcp`flpg goc `grcl àmtlmsgrl ¶pl àmpc`lmt¶c pc zlcrd ķ˅m xgrc-

Iaxgrt ¶pl Bg`f gr zstst `s rcogtlug s¶psrlmt¶g pg earisocxc rcnsoloc isxl`ll oar/

`rcgt¶lg ol pc àmersmtg `s sm tlzgr dgt; osl Bcctfaucm l)gr ucmlt lmmlt igl nrcs/zcmtrs `g g`cptc rcnsol pc p`flibgs ķ˅m esm`t¶lc dc sm ablc`t icrcs mas ¶pl zcmtrs `g cog `rcgt maloc tlzgrc- Bcctfaucm cptc zrlm cv`cocmt¶g dlgoc`tl` ķ˅m àizaxlt¶lc; ķ˅m co p)gsrcngplt P`fsbcrt ¶pl P`f¦ambcrn/ ^gnmcr ¶pl Bgrtak/ raigmtl`ll ¶pl Zraoct`sotso &g`cptg dlmsrig pspt¶lmcg `g Bcctfaucm rczrcxlmtg ķ˅m isxl`g ķ˅mtrs`flzgrcg ķ˅mpg¶pl g dlgoc`tl`ll/ zc`˅ķmd Isparnpkl g igtcrlgolpisosl,- Gr zrcg zst¶lm pg pzsl `g Bcctfaucm rczrcxlmtg smptlo pgs a osic; smltgtcg isxl`ll a dg zcrpamgoltgtcg pg/ àmersmtgtg ķ˅m c`grc zcrlagdg

`s a gotg rcgoltgtc- Dg`g zstci pzsmc g¶pg/ Bcctfaucm ms c sm àizaxltar `l `co zst¶lmtrcl-

Zrlig zcrlagdg rczrcxlmtg a àmersmtgrc `s trgdlt¶lg isxl`gog zc `grc dszg `c ¶pl)aķ˅mps¶pc¶ptc ķ˅m nrgdso `co igl ķ˅mgot/ a ķ˅ibangt¶c¶ptc/ a rcptrs`tsrcgxg/ a pzgrnc- G dasgcptc zcrlagdg àmersmtgrll `s osicg urcill pgoc ¶pl ķ˅m zrliso r˅ķmd `cg pa`lgo)zaoltl`g;isxl`g pg/ eagrtc pcmtcmt¶lagpg/ grc ķ˅m g`cgptg zcrlagdg a eart¶g dc rcucmdl`grc/ a ualmt¶g

dc g àmulmnc/ lc¶pltc dlm àism; Bcctfaucm cptc ms msigl sm rcuaost¶lamgr ķ˅m grtg l ¶pl

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smso pa`lgo- Dgr Bcctfaucm/ plolt/ trgmp`cmdc ablc`tso grtcl pgoc/ lmd`g ocngtsrloc osl `sagicmll gs àmptltslt sm ¶plr dc ķ˅mer˅ķmncrl/ lgr ldcloc pgoc pa`lgoc ‐ a dcxgignlrc &Ergmt¶g/ptgtso)ldcc/ dcucmlpc smso dc r˅ķmd/ lgr Mgzaocam/ aiso dc ptgt)cras/ sm tlrgm abl¶pmslt,-˅Lm zcrlagdg g trclg/ ablc`tso pgs dculmc grtg; Bcctfaucm ķ˅¶pl dczg¶pc¶ptc blanrgg ¶pl g`si/c`grc os`rgrc cptc sm pgot ķ˅m mc`smap`st; ms cptc uarbg dcpzrc a gbdl`grc dc og ldcgosrl&igl dcnrgbg rcgoltgtcg gbdl`g dc og coc,/ `l dc a dctg¶pgrc ¶pl a dczg¶plrc; `ccg `c crggrig dculmc oapac/ lgr g`t¶lsmcg pc trgmpearig ķ˅m n˅ķmdlrc- Dszg Plieamlg g LV)g/sotlicoc ùgrtctc ¶pl pamgtc zcmtrs zlgm/ ugrlgt¶lsmloc

’Dlgbcool‟/

’Ilppg paocimlp‟ psmt

`gzadazcrc g `grar pciml`gt¶lc ms c dcmltlu dcpos¶pltg ml`l gxl ¶pl goc `grar psncptllpsmt dczgrtc dc g czslxgtc dszg sm pcào ¶pl hsigtgtc-

Bcctfaucm ¶pl)g `rcgt co ķ˅mps¶pl igrct¶lg &`g ¶pl Na|g g dcucmlt sm igrc grtlpt/ trcztgt/ķ˅m tlizso cuaost¶lcl pgoc/ p`flib˅ķmds)¶pl ¶pl gzraesmd˅ķmds)¶pl ablc`tso,- Dgr `grc gs eapttcicolg ¶pl àmtrgeart¶ll gt˅ķt dc rcxlptcmt¶l `c gs zcrilp g`cgptg sml`g gucmtsrg `rcgtagrc1Iaicmtso Bcctfaucm ķ˅m lptarlg isxl`ll rczrcxlmtg gzancso tamgoltgt¶ll; g ucdcg ķ˅m ta)mgoltgtc dagr smltgtcg smcl ergxc isxl`goc pgs sm iad dc griamlxgrc ‐ gr ķ˅mpcimg pgplizol`gi isot; cg rczrcxlmtg igtcrlgoso dc àmptrs`t¶lc g smar ugptc cdl`ll isxl`goc¶pl c tatadgtg sm esmdgicmtgo zrlm`lzls dc arngmlxgrc- Earig pamgtg og Bcctfaucm pc

rcgxgig ¶pl ķ˅¶pl grc rgt¶lsmcg dc cvlptcmt¶g ķ˅m tamgoltgtc; igrloc osl zogmsrl tamgoc psmtàmtrlbst¶ll `rcgtagrc lmcptligbloc ķ˅m grtg-

Gpteco/ c`flolbrso esrtsmap go grtcl osl Bcctfaucm pc rcgolxcgxg ķ˅m `gdrso g`coslg¶plògpl`lpi- C`flolbrso g`cptg ms cptc igl zst¶lm paold `g og Iaxgrt/ dgr ķ˅m p`flib iglpzc`tg`soap/ lmd`g uc`tarll psmt ķ˅m`g igl zstcrml`l ¶pl `go`soso dc rcxlptcmt¶g g igtcrl)gocoar lg ķ˅m àmpldcrgt¶lc tcizcrgtsrl igl igrl- Gdcugrgt `g c`flolbrso ug dglmsl zst¶lm

tliz/ ‐ Bcctfaucm g dcògm¶pgt ķ˅m bla`flilg arngmlpisosl isxl`go zra`cpc `s àmpc`lmt¶c

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eagrtc ķ˅mdczgrtgtc ‐ dgr g`cgptg ķ˅o eg`c ķ˅m`g igl pzc`tg`soap ¶pl igl dc mczrct¶slt-Arl`si/ Iaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm rczrcxlmtg `coc igl pzocmdldc `soil dc og Bg`f ķ˅màg`c

¶pl g`cpt’

dc og Bg`f ķ˅màg`c‟ ķ˅mpcgimg eagrtc isot/ `g`l grtg isxl`gog g cuaosgt

eagrtc isot ķ˅m g`cpt rgptliz ‐ ķ˅izrchsrgrl dc ardlm dlecrlt eg`˅ķmd `g grtg psmctcoarpg glbg g`si a àibsptlsmc cv`czt¶lamgog- Isotc dlm dcxuaotgrloc sotcrlagrc goc grtclisxl`goc ķ˅¶pl ngpcp` rgdg`lmg ķ˅m g`coc `˅ķtcug dc`cmll `˅ķmd p)g dcpeg¶psrgt grtg osl Iaxgrt¶pl Bcctfaucm-

Iaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm rczrcxlmtg a àmtlmsltgtc/ dgr tatadgtg ¶pl a zstcrml`g gmtlma)ilc ķ˅m `gdrso c`flolbrsosl ògpl`/ smg igl rgdl`gog dc`ķ˅t g`ccg dlmtrc `srcmtc `grc)¶pl eg`rgt¶lsmc dc cvlptcmt¶g dlm azsmcrcg ¶pl mcngrcg rc`lzra`g-

Zcmtrs g ķ˅m`fclg/ pg rcigr`gi `g ldcgoso Iaxgrt/ grtlptso smcl osil isxl`goc zrcp)tgbloltc/ ¶pl)g grgtgt zagtc igpsrg `cg igl dczolmg ķ˅m ncmso’

lizsr‟ go azcrcl/ zc `˅ķmdrcgolptso Bcctfaucm/ `rcgtarso `c mgxslc icrcs pg srigrcgp`g rcgoltgtcg `s rcflc`tarsoisxl`go ‐ ķ˅m ncmsrloc `coc igl

’zsrc‟/ `coc lmptrsicmtgoc ‐ co lmd sm àizaxltar mc)

ua`go zrlm cv`cocmt¶g- Ms c ¶pl g`cgptg sm psblc`t dc icdltgt¶lc og cpcmt¶g grtcl isxl`goc1L˅m`fclmd `gzltaoso/ urci pg psbolmlci dlm mas `g/ grgt˅ķmd lmcptligblococ `goltgt¶l goc

g`cptar igrl `rcgtarl/ ms srigrli zsmcrcg ķ˅m sibrg g gotarg- Gogtsrl dc cl/ dc cvcizos/

ķ˅m `gdrso g`coslg¶pl ògpl lpi ulcmcx g `rcgt igrcoc Fg|dm/ `grc g ngplt dc gpcicmlsm ecrl`lt c`flolbrs zcmtrs zrazrlloc pgoc àardamgtc; c`grc àizaxltar lizartgmt ķ˅¶plngpc¶ptc zrazrlso pgs c`flolbrs- Gr nrc¶pltg/ dc cvcizos/ grigt¶lg `g

’Bcctfaucm ¶pl

Iaxgrt psmt `cl igl igrl àizaxltarl gl tstsrar tlizsrloar‟-

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Icogmàolc

Iaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm/ g`c¶ptl grtl¶ptl ògpl`l/ ia¶ptcmltarl gl smar igrl trgdlt¶ll/ zc `grc¶pl)gs ògdlt zrazrlg oar àmtrlbst¶lc/ ms gs `smap`st ml`ladgtg icogmàolg trc`stsosl

grtcl isxl`goc; cl gs eapt zlamlcrl ¶pl ¶pl)gs trglt zrcxcmtso `s a lmtcmpltgtc tatgog &lgrdg`g Bcctfaucm g pzgrt `s ucfcicmt¶g p`fcicoc zrazspc dc trc`st/ g eg`st)a ķ˅m msicoczrcxcmtsosl ¶pl go ulltarsosl,-

Grtg ecrl`ltg cptc mglug/ `g`l ‐ `flgr àm¶ptlcmtg dc ecrl`lrcg cl ‐ ms ¶pl)a zrct¶slc¶ptcdcptso- Mcolml¶ptloc osl Bcctfaucm ms lmrig g`cgptg ptgrc dc os`rsrl8 tcicolg ķ˅mpg¶pl ggrtcl ms cptc zspg og ķ˅mdalgog ¶pl maptgonlg zcmtrs trc`stso grtcl ms grc `c `gstg ķ˅mn˅ķmdlrcg grtlptsosl-

Lgtg ķ˅mpg `g `cl `c ms gs gust ldaol/ gs dcucmlt ldaol zcmtrs srig¶pll oar; `cl `c m)gseapt icogmàol`l/ gs dcucmlt ablc`tso icogmàolcl `coar `c oc)gs srigt-

P`fsbcrt/ silo gdilrgtar go osl Bcctfaucm/ ualg/ mglu/ pg)o liltc; `rcx˅ķmd `g)¶plzrazsmc g`cocg¶pl t¶cosrl `g ¶pl igrcoc pgs àmtcizargm/ g eg`st got`cug8 g eapt zrlisoraigmtl` gdcugrgt- Icogmàolg osl c ķ˅m`g losxarlc ¶pl P`fsbcrt/ ķ˅mps¶pl/ ug dcucml iglgzal ablc`t go icogmàolcl-

Brgfip cptc/ cptctl` uarblmd/ sm gdcugrgt icogmàol`- &Dgr/ ķ˅m`g adgtg/ ms c uarbgdc pcmtlicmtso abl¶pmslt dc icogmàolc; ¶pl Bcctfaucm g p`rlp a

’Igolmàmlg‟ ķ˅m ùgrtctso

mr- 5; c uarbg dc icogmàolg zcmtrs pagrcoc grtcl trc`stsosl-, P¶l co pc zrazsmc `g smzgptrgtar go trgdlt¶lcl/ dcucmltc g`si g`gdcil`c; `si pzsmcg Brgfip/ ms igl zstcicngog

’ersispct¶cg‟ osl Iaxgrt/ dgr

’`co zst¶lm‟ pg mc ptrgdsli g tat gt˅ķt dc zsrl ¶pl

`lmptlt¶l-

Dszg co/ Brs`kmcr ¶pl Igfocr/ igrl àizaxltarl/ ķ˅¶pl eg` sm `sot dlm ķ˅mglmtg¶pll oar&Iaxgrt/ Bcctfaucm/ P`fsbcrt,- @rcgt¶lg g`cptarg cptc a zrcosmng gdargt¶lc g trc`stsosl ‐

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dlm lmtcrlarso g`coslg¶pl tcizos ‐ ķ˅m `grc `rcd/ dgr zc `grc xcll o)gs zgrgplt ‐ ¶pl tatadgtg azcrigmcmtg dcpzgrt¶lrc dc trc`st- G`cgptg icogmàol`g dcpzgrt¶lrc ¶pl mcpe˅ķr¶pltg gdargrc gersispct¶ll/ àmptltslc smg dlm tcicoc zrlm`lzgoc goc azcrcl osl Igfocr &igl c ¶pl zratcptso

pa`lgo ¶pl nratcp`/ plizgtlg zcmtrs aiso il` `grc gds`c gzragzc dc @fgroat/ dgr ldcgosopgs dc ersispct¶c c go trc`stsosl,-

L˅m pcàoso VV/ rcucmlrcg og trc`st `gzgtg earic ilmarc/ ms olzpltc ¶pl dc msgmt¶càil`c/ `g dc cvcizos ķ˅m `rcgt¶lg osl Rl`fgrd Ptrgspp/ dc gt˅ķtcg arl zcmplamgr go òg)pl`lpisosl/ pgs ķ˅m `ccg `c pc msic¶ptc

’mca ogpl lpi‟ ‐ `srcmt/ `grc g zradsp azcrc

rcigr`gbloc ‐ dgr giblnss/ `c `s sm a`fl pcrlap og`rgicgxg/ zc `˅ķmd `s `cogogot òl)zc¶ptc lraml`/ dcxugoslmd p`cztl`lpiso egt¶g dc ablc`tso ògpl` àmpldcrgt-

Cvlptg a zoclgdg dc igrl àizaxltarl ‐ Igfocr/ Brs`kmcr/ Pkrlgblm/ Cmcp`s ‐ ķ˅mtrccl gr zstcg zsp ¶pl P`f¦ambcrn ‐ og `grc icogmàolg lmtcmpg g trc`stsosl pc ķ˅iblmg `sulxlsml gzragzc nrgmdlagpc- Zagtc `g il`g gsdlcmt¶g tcizargrg g g`cptarg pc dgtarc¶ptctaìgl gicptc`sosl dc cocicmtc dlm dasg osil isxl goc gt˅ķt dc dlecrltc/ dlm dasgpcàoc; ķ˅izo˅ķmtgt¶l ķ˅m raigmtlpi/ cl gs xu˅ķrolt zsmt¶l pzrc ulltar- Ms c dc eco cvòspga rcugm¶pg g g`cptar igrl `rcgtarl ‐ igl zst¶lm

’`rlptgolxgt¶l‟ dc`˅ķt sm Dcbspp|/ Bcrn/

Bgrtak ‐ igl isot ocngt¶l dc trc`st; gtsm`l `˅ķmd àm¶ptllmt¶g gp`sotgtarsosl ug dlptlog

`ccg `c cptc arlnlmgo ķ˅m cl dc `ccg `c cptc zapt)raigmtl`/ àizaxltarll psp)msilt¶l uarptrgos`l zagtc `s a masg pzocmdagrc-

Gr ķ˅mpg a igrc nrc¶pcgog g `rcdc `g dszg `c p)g tcrilmgt ògpl`lpiso ulcmcx/ grtgisxl`gog p)g `sesmdgt ķ˅m rsicngrcg icogmàol`g g trc`stsosl- @g arngmlpi uls/ dc`làmtrgdl`tarls/ cg mc aecrg dcpeg¶psrgrl pzc`tg`sogrc-

@amtlmsgrcg `rcgtagrc g ògpl lpisosl g lmòsp ¶pl g mc`cpltgt rcg`t¶lsmcg og co/ g) hsmn˅ķmd z˅ķmg og mcngrc- gnmcr/ ķ˅m bsmg igpsrg Igfocr/ Pkrlgblm/ ķ˅m licmpg igpsrg

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Dcbspp| &gu˅ķmd gotc ldcgosrl dc`ķ˅t `coc ògpl`c/ dgr gp`smxķ˅md ¶pl co `s isotg nrlhg drg)naptcg pc`rctg/ gicptc`gtg `s srg/ zcmtrs ^gnmcr,/ P`f¦ambcrn/ Ptrgulmpkl gs ķ˅m`czstcvg`crbgrcg/ g``cmtsgrcg/ lmdluldsgolxgrcg gmsiltar cocicmtc goc cvzrcplcl isxl`goc/

sm drsi pzrc mc`smap`st zolm dc rlp`srl/ sm drsi dc ’cv`czt¶ll‟ `grc g dcucmlt `cmtrgoķ˅m isxl`g-

Gr mchspt pg g``czt¶l zgrcrcg `coar `c lsbcp` msigl trc`stso/ lrcicdlgblol lnmargmt¶lgl zrcxcmtsosl/ `grc àmpldcrg `g ķ˅m sotlig pstg dc gml isxl`g dc`gdc àmtlmss; dcegzt/ isxl`g p)g ķ˅ibangt¶lt ¶pl g cuaosgt icrcs/ `flgr dg`g `s pcimc dc ķ˅mtrcbgrc/ `flgrdg`g mcpszspg smcl p`fcic plizoc; zgpclpiso cptc mchsptl`gt; ķ˅m arl`c dcpeg¶psrgrc dcecmaicmc cvlptg a dlgoc`tl`g/ c cg `s dsbos pcmp/ gdl`g guķ˅mds)¶pl igrct¶lg ¶pl `gdcrloc

cl-G ķ˅m`czst dc gtsm`l g`co drsi ķ˅mglmtc go isxl`ll/ `grc zcmtrs smll g dcucmlt igl

lizartgmt dc`˅ķt ķ˅mpg¶pl ersispct¶cg &¶pl g`cgptg cptc a rsztsrg g c`flolbrsosl ògpl`/ `g`la grtg igrc c`flolbrcgxg arngml` ersispct¶cg cvzrcplug `s mastgtcg,/ drsi ķ˅m `grc ‐`s dcapcblrc ‐ ķ˅m sotlicoc dc`cmll isot¶l àizaxltarl ms eg` dc`˅ķt pg trgng àmòsxllocoanl`c icrcs igl ķ˅mdczgrtgtc goc zrcilxcoar zrazspc ¶pl `grc pc dcpeg¶pagrg `g a rcg`t¶lcķ˅m ogmt¶ zc `˅ķt dc rgdl`gog/ zc gt˅ķt dc olzpltg smcarl dc rgdg`lml ķ˅m àm`rctso grtcl-

Zcmtrs g srigrl ķ˅mpg igl dc gzragzc zra`cpcoc dc dcxuaotgrc/ ug trcbsl pg rgil`gigtcmt¶lg zc dasg zogmsrl dlecrltc/ `grc ķ˅m zrg`tl`g pc ngpcp` ķ˅mtatdcgsmg rcsmltc; zc dca zgrtc/ ngocrlloc pgzgtc ķ˅m ptrs`tsrg griaml`g/ rltil`g/ ar`fcptrgog g isxl`ll/ zc dcgotg zgrtc/ cuaost¶lg `srcmtcoar isxl`goc- Gdcugrgt `g g`cgptg rgil`grc cptc grtl`lgog‐ grtg trglc¶ptc msigl zrlm `srcmtc/ zcrpamgoltgt¶l/ `gzadazcrc ‐ dgr zcmtrs os`rs mszstci mcnolhg ml`l bla`flilg isxl`ll/ cuaost¶lg lmtcrmg g arngmlpisosl/ tat g¶pg `sizcmtrs a `cr`ctgrc àizocvg g aisosl/ adgtg `s dcp`rlzt¶lg xl`g g àizamcmtcoar

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àrzsosl/ trcbslc gustg ķ˅m ucdcrc ¶pl bla`flilg arngmlpisosl- Pg ķ˅m`czci `s g`cgptgdlm srig/ `grc zgrc igl zst¶lm àmptltsltg/ dlesxg zc ķ˅mtrcnso uaosi go ecmaicmsosl-

Bla`flilc isxl`gog

g, Ngocrlg griaml`˖ g - Esmdgicmtso isxl`ll ògpl`c g eapt tamgoltgtcg; dg`g urcipg àizgrgi `s daicmlso àmptrs`t¶lcl/ gtsm`l tamgoltgtcg g eapt ¶pl tcm`slgog `c smcg`grgildg `s `grgildg ¶pl lmesxlg `c zgtrsmdc c`grc zgrtl`sog g àmptrs`t¶lcl/ eg`˅ķmd)apg ptcg ķ˅m zl`lagrc; g eapt ¶pl igtcrlgo ¶pl zrlm`lzls dc àmptrs`t¶lc; ¶pl zrlm`lzls iarea)oanl` ¶pl plmtgvg- Dgr plptciso tamgo &¶ptllmt¶l`8 plptciso tamgo)esm`t¶lamgo ighar)ilmar,/zc `grc n˅ķmdltarll ldcgol¶ptl ķ˅o àmpldcrg uc`fl dc `˅ķmd osicg ¶pl ķ˅m rcg os`rsrloar/ p)gàmptltslt lptarl`c¶ptc/ ¶pl)g gust zrcilxcoc ¶pl ķ˅m`czstsrloc pgoc/ dcxuaotgrcg ¶pl gzancsopgs- @rlptgolxgrcg plptcisosl tamgo p)g eg`st zrlm pg`rl`grcg pgs `co zst¶lm trc`crcg ķ˅mpsrdlmg g smcl igrl ugrlctgt¶l dc iadsrl &c coc zazsogrc/ gmtl`c/ icdlcugoc pgs blpc)rl`c¶ptl,- G`cptcg ms gs dlpzgrst tatgo/ coc p)gs igmlecptgt ¶pl ķ˅m azcrg osl Bcctfaucm/Brgfip/ g ¶pàoloar mgt¶lamgoc; dgr tcarctl` gs trc`st ķ˅m locngoltgtc/ lmd psbardamgtcrcnsoloar tamgoltgt¶ll- Dlm bangt¶lg dc `soarl mgtsrgoc/ isxl`g g rct¶lmst zcmtrs g icrncigl dczgrtc gobso ¶pl mcnrs/ iadsrloc ighar ¶pl ilmar/ plmnsrcoc iadsrl a`lgoc; lgtg smcvcizos ignml` dc plizol`grc/ psb pcimso `grclg g ptgt a ķ˅mtrcgng cza`g lptarl`g-

Zrapzc`t˅ķmd igl ķ˅mnspt/ msigl `s igharso ¶pl ilmarso/ isxl`g g zstst zgtrsmdc

’igl gd˅ķm`‟; `si gr pzsp Dlgnflocu8 noamtcoc t¶lmtc¶ptc ķ˅mnspt/ dgr dczgrtc- Dc goteco/

g`cgptg plizol`grc ķ˅mtr)a dlrc`t¶lc/ g ķ˅mpcimgt àizol`grcg ķ˅m gotg- Gpteco p)g àmptltsltplptciso tamgo/ gt˅ķt dc ultgo ¶pl cvzrcplu/ dgr zrlm rcg os`rsrloar ‐ mlt/ gu˅ķmd dlgoc`tlòliltcoc pgoc- Rl`fgrd ^gnmcr g dsp esm`t¶lamgoltgtcg tamgog zķ˅mg og igrl dczgrtgrl/

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7>

gzragzc cvtrcic; gdl`g/ zķ˅mg og a cogptl`ltgtc dlmàoa dc `grc tamgoltgtcg ķ˅¶pl zlcrdcàmtsrso ¶pl zagtc nrcs msiltg tamgoltgtc- Isxlàoanso Ksrtf/ dlgoc`tl`lgm go isxl)àoanlcl/ grgtg `si ^gnmcr/ ķ˅m

’Trlptgm‟/ zc dc a zgrtc g gizol`gt bangt¶lg oa`gog

&’lizrcplug‟/ dc plmc ptgtgtagrc/ iareaoanl`g, g gàrdsrloar/ àizocvltgtcg oar ‐ zcdc gotg zgrtc/ g àizol`gt esm`t¶lamgoltgtcg &plmtgvg griaml`g/ ocngtsrloc ¶pl `srncrcg cl/eart¶g

’cvzrcplug‟,- @s gotc `sulmtc/ ķ˅m plptciso tamgo/ gnmcr g dcxuaotgt igvlisi dc

eart¶g `cmtrlesng ¶pl `cmtrlzctg/ ķ˅m oliltg `grarg pc igl zstcg zgptrg c`flolbrso plptcisosl&lizcrlso tamgo g eapt cvtlmp z˅ķmg og igrnlmloc dlmàoa dc `grc ms igl zstcg gzgrgt,-Dlmàoa dc g`cptcg/ plptciso pc dcptrgig/ dgr ms ¶pl isxl`g- L˅m àmtlmsgrc/ Ksrtf grgtg`si zrlm ķ˅mtgrlrcg lizrcplultgt¶ll oa`goc g gàrdsrloar p)g ghsmp og lizrcplamlpi / lgr zrlm

cvg`crbgrcg cvzrcplultgt¶ll esm`t¶lamgoc/ og cvzrcplamlpi8 lizrcplamlpiso `s ptgtl`lpisopgs griaml` ¶pl cvzrcplamlpiso `s igvlig pg `srncrc ‐ ghsmn pg pc gpcicmc/ tat g¶pg`si cvtrcicoc pc gtlmn-

Dszg ^gnmcr/ bla`flilg isxl`ll pc ngpcg ķ˅m egt¶g smcl `rlxc/ pgs &zcmtrs `cl `grargms oc zog`c g`cpt `su˅ķmt,/ ķ˅m egt¶g smcl zrabocic g griamlcl- Dszg ^gnmcr/ p`fcococtamgoltgt¶ll gs eapt rldl`gtc `s ķ˅m`ctso; isotc os`rgrl `grc ml pc zgr gxl tamgoc/ gs eaptķ˅mulmsltc zc gtsm`l dc mctamgoltgtc- Zcmtrs Rlipkl)Karpgkau/ R- Ptrgspp c gzragzc

gtamgo; zcmtrs Pglmt)Pg¦cmp/ Dcbspp|; zcmtrs Igfocr/ P`f¦ambcrn-Gzal p)g `rcxst `g tamgoltgtcg c gbaoltg zcmtrs tatdcgsmg/ dgr ¶pl g`cgptg crg

nrc¶plt8 sm plptci zagtc ķ˅m`ctg dc g zrcdailmgmt/ dgr g`cgptg ms ķ˅mpcgimg `g cocptc dcplmt¶gt/ pgs

’dlptrsp xl`‟/ `g pg pzsmci g¶pg-

L˅m lptarlg isxl`ll p)gs àmtsrgt dasg paost¶ll og `rlxg griamlcl zapt~gnmcrlcmc8 ia)dgolpiso ¶pl dadc`geamlpiso/ rgdl`go dlecrltc/ zrlig `s gpzc`t igl pzamtgm &dgr `grc/z˅ķmg og srig p)g earigt tcarctl`,/ `cgogotg pzc`sogtlu)tcarctl`g &dgr `grc ¶pl)g ngplt

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gzol`gt¶ll ull ķ˅m zrg`tl`g isxl`gog,-

Isparnpkl/ Dcbspp|/ Pkrlgblm/ Icpplgcm gs pàp dlm `stlg Zgmdarcl uc`floc iadsrllocngoc; isxl`lcml mglul/ ķ˅m pcmpso `co igl ersiap ¶pl igl `rcgtar go mglultgt¶ll/ cl ms gs

g¶ptcztgt igl ķ˅mt˅ķl earisogrcg maloar ocnl tcarctl`c/ `l gs dgt ulgt¶g masg grtcl- C gzragzcàil` pg àmptgt¶l `g Pkrlgblm ķ˅m sotlicoc pgoc os`rgrl igl ucdcg

’taml`g ¶pl dailmgmtg‟/

gàoa smdc ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog crg zsr iadgog ¶pl zstcg pcimgtg dc Icpplgcm; gdl`g/pg ucxl `si hsdc`g `s ctgoagmc tcarctl`c uc`fl a rcgoltgtc isxl`gog masg zc `grc almtslg zstcrml`-

P`f¦ambcrn g zrazsp a paost¶lc dc mgtsrg tcarctl`g &co g àmpldcrgt psmctcoc `g cngoc¶pl gu˅ķmd c`grc a ugoagrc cvzrcplug zrazrlc/ mcpszspg smsl `cmtrs ¶pl smar esm`t¶lsml

tamgoc,/ dgr taìgl lmd`g paost¶lg pg gucg gpzc`tc grbltrgrc/ dc ardlm zsr tcarctl`/ p)gnrgblt p)a gzol`c ķ˅m zrg`tl`g/ ogp˅ķmd zc pcgig gotarg earisogrcg pàogptl`g- Paost¶lg geapt nrcg ķ˅m lizol`gt¶ll ¶pl g radlt `flgr dg`g smcoc gpzc`tc zrg`tl`c goc cl p)gs daucdlt g plizolptc- Gr nrc¶plt pg ucdci ķ˅mpg ķ˅m paost¶lg dadc`geaml`g msigl gpzc`tso griaml`; cgp)g plolt pg rcàmpldcrc ķ˅mtrcgng ptrs`tsrg g dlp`srpsosl isxl`go; gzal/ `flgr dg`g paost¶lgg eapt ķ˅m smcoc zrlulmt¶c grtl`lgoc/ g rgpzsmp smcl zrabocic rcgoc- Arl`si/ P`f¦ambcrn geapt sm igrc zraecpar ¶pl gogtsrl dc os`rgrloc pgoc/ ptgs gxl g`cocg goc coculoar ¶pl zrlctcmloar

pgl dc ldcl/ Bcrn ¶pl cbcrm/ zolmc dc eart¶g grtlptl`g-

Cptc dcapcblt dc lmtcrcpgmt pg àmptgt¶l gxl/ zrlm zrlpig smcl gizoc dcpeg¶psrgrllptarl`c/ `g ķ˅m `coc dlm srig iadgolpiso ¶pl dadc`geamlpiso/ g`c¶ptl igrl rlugol

’zapt)

tamgol‟ ms p)gs cvòsp rc`lzra`/ dszg `si giķ˅mdal ķ˅izrcsmg ms gs cvòsp tamgoltgtcg/`l msigl tlrgmlg cl- Lptarlg g eg`st drcztgtc/ ratsmhlmd isotc gp`st¶l¶psrl tlrgml`c gocg`cptar dlecrltc plptcic- Icpplgcm g ķ˅m`cr`gt a gpcicmcg plmtcxg/ zc dczolm zaplblog¶pl `grc ms ulmc dlmtr)sm pzlrlt dc ķ˅izg`g`lsmc ¶pl giblnsltgtc/ `l dlm mc`cpltgtcg dc g

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rcpzc`tg tat `c cptc uls ķ˅m àm¶ptllmt¶g isxl`gog g agicmloar-

b, Ngocrlg rltil`˖ g - Dg`g griamlg zagtc ķ˅mt¶cocgpg `g sm’

pzgt¶ls‟ go isxl`ll/ gtsm`lgpzc`tso rltil` ķ˅m pcmpso igl ogrn ¶pl igl `szrlmxgtar rczrcxlmtg t¶cpgtsrg tlizsosl

isxl`go &g``cmtc/ dsrgtc/ rcpzlrgt¶ll,- Griamlg zagtc matgtg gbpaost zrc`lp/ zc `˅ķmdtlizso &lst¶cgog/ g``cmtcoc/ gnanl`g, `s isotg gzravligt¶lc; co ugrlgxg dc og a lmtcrzrctgrcog gotg- T¶ cpgtsrg rltil`g c igl nrcs gmgolxgblog; zgrtltsrg tlizsosl isxl`go rgiķ˅mc ķ˅molnrgm; og ògpl`l/ bgrg dc igpsrg rczrcxlmtg msigl zsm`tso dc rczcr/ tlizso ic`gml`/ms ¶pl `co uls; gmgolxg rltil`g zarmc¶ptc dagr dc og igpsrg zcmtrs g pc dczgrtg ķ˅mdgtgdc cg tat g¶pg `si/ zcmtrs gmgtailc/ isoghso cptc dagr sm rczcr- Iaxgrt/ `grc zgrcgt˅ķt dc `silmtc rltil`/ ķ˅¶pl zazsocgxg igpsrloc `s a ugrlctgtc dc trgpgtsrl gnanl`c/

mcg¶ptcztgtg; co iamtg il`raigtcrlgococ pgoc ķ˅m tliz/ `s a mct¶c lmcngogblog- Dszgògpl`l/ rltiso pgrg`c¶ptc; og sm àizaxltar gt˅ķt dc lizartgmt `g R- ^gnmcr `grc g gusta mcpc`gtg egmtcxlc griaml`g/ ogtsrg rltil`g rgiķ˅mc pc`smdgrg; bgrg dc igpsrg dculmctat igl tlrgml`g; zgptg griaml`g/ psbolmlgtg zrlm ocngta àmtrlbslc ¶pl cg og mcgrtl`sogrcgtlizsosl/ pgs og mcpcplxgrcg g`cptcl grtl`sogrl- Og @cpgr Ergm`k/ pgs igl t˅ķrxls og Nrlcn/Rgfigmlmau/ Plbcolsp/ tlizso dculmc tat igl zgptap-

Taìgl ¶pàoloc mgt¶lamgoc/ ¶pl ķ˅m dcapcbl rs¶pll gs àmtrlbslt og dcpt¶cocmlrcg osl zc

g`cgptg `goc; Isparnpkl cptc eagrtc lmtcrcpgmt ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g- Dcbspp| grc a gd)ilrgblog pszoct¶c ‐ rltiso àmptltslmd smg dlm àizamcmtcoc zrlm`lzgoc goc ptrs`tsrloarpgoc-

’Oc pg`rc ds zrlmtcizp‟ go osl Ptrgulmpkl lxbs`mc¶ptc ķ˅m 7<72 `g sm srgngm dc

zrligugrg/ igtsrķ˅md tagtc àmucmt¶lloc bgrcoar dc igpsrg; gotcrmgrloc dc igpsrl/ ugoa)rloc mcplictrl`c ¶pl nrszcoc lrgt¶lamgoc &dc 3/> ct`-,/ trc`crloc brsp`c dc og igpsrloc `smsiltarso 4 og `coc `s 6/ plmàzcoc/ g``cmtsgrloc gmgrfl`c/ g`cpt zcrigmcmt dsco `s

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bgrg dc igpsrg/ slicp` ¶pl gxl/ `g a zstcrml`g ¶pl ulc igmlecptgrc `rcgtagrc- Ual`lsmcgrltil`g g rgigp ķ˅m tat rcptso ulct¶ll a trgpgtsrg zrazrlc osl Ptrgulmpkl; ķ˅m àmtlmsg)rc/ àizaxltarso g `gstgt pg trgmp`rlc igl c`lcmt pzamtgmcltgtcg pg rltil`g; cultķ˅md

àizol`gt¶lloc cvc`st¶lcl/ p)g ptrgdslt pzrc a igl igrc c`lcmt¶g &os`rs `grc pc abpcrug¶pl ķ˅m ar`fcptrgt¶lc; co urcg pg abt¶lmg zc `˅ķtcug zartgtluc `ccg `c ķ˅mglmtc ķ˅l mc`cpltg iglisot dc 2:,- Dgr `s tlizso/ ¶pl)g mctcxlt ms msigl gpzc`tso nrg` `l/ dszg `si pc zgrc/¶pl zrazrlso pgs tcizcrgicmt-

Icpplgcm g ķ˅m`cr`gt pg eg`g ķ˅m daicmlso rltil`/ `ccg `c P`f¦ambcrn g ķ˅mtrczrlmp zrlmdadc`geamlc ķ˅m ardlmcg ķ˅mgot¶liloar- Co g pcrlgolxgt dsrgtcoc; go pgs

’Iadc dc ugocsrp

ct d“lmtcmpltcp‟ g àmptltslt zsm`tso dc zoc`grc go mall ¶pàol pcrlgolptc zaptbcol`c- Igl

t˅ķrxls/ gnanl`g ugrlgtg og cvtrci g ghsmp og gmtlzadso zgptcl griaml`c zapt)raigmtl`c ‐gmtlzaxl `grc ghsmn pg pcicmc; ugrlctgtcg dsrgtcoar ghsmnc ¶pl cg og a

’zgptg‟ g tlizsosl;

pcmtlicmtso zsopgt¶lcl rltil`c pc dloscgxg gzragzc tatgo &og Mama/ dc cvcizos/ gdcpcarl,;dlpzgrc àmtrgzsm`tso pzc`l` ķ˅mtrc tlizso uls ¶pl `co ic`gml`/ igmlecptgt zrlm dlgoansozcrigmcmt go isxl`ll `s bgrcoc dc igpsrg ‐ sm eco dc grg`l ķ˅m hsrso `grarg ult¶g ulc gpsmctcoar ķ˅¶pl ķ˅izoctc¶ptc icgmdrcoc dc zcrigmcmtg ugrlctgtc-

`, Ngocrlg àoarlptl`˖ g - Cptc a ngocrlc igl zcrlecrl`g/ dgr cpcmt¶lgog8 cg zrluc¶ptc tli)

brso/ ar`fcptrg/ gdl`g igtcrlgolxgrcg/ àm`rctlxgrcg psmctsosl-L˅m sotlicoc dasg pcàoc ar`fcptrg g zgr`srp a srlg¶pg cuaost¶lc- Dszg gosmngrcg bg)

psosl `lergt dlm griamlc ¶pl g’

ramramsosl‟ òguc`lmsosl dlm ar`fcptrg/ earigt¶lsmcg lm)ptrsicmtcoar p)g vgt/ ¶pl)g ngplt trcztgt zrazart¶lloc ¶pl g ķ˅m`czst pg `rcgp`g

’ratsmd‟/

c`flolbrgt/ dc og il`g ar`fcptrg g osl Fg|dm ¶pl Iaxgrt z˅ķmg og igrloc ar`fcptrc gocosl Igfocr ¶pl Ptrgspp- Og sm Fg|dm ¶pl Iaxgrt/ trgugolso og ar`fcptrgt¶lc gzragzc `g mscvlptg; zrlm cg pc ķ˅mt¶cocncg igl isot a trgmp`rlcrc zc zgnlmg dc zgrtltsrg; isxl`g pc

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g¶pcxg dlrc`t ķ˅m ar`fcptrg; ‐ ķ˅m illoc dc zgnlml plizoc goc oar ngpli ¶pl gxl iadcoc dcàm`czt¶lc pamarg mczlcrltagrc- Mat¶lsmcg dc ar`fcptrgt¶lc ķ˅m pcmpso dc àoargrc g isxl`llzrlm ar`fcptrg &a àm`czt¶lc ķ˅m `grc tgzctcoc dc zc zcrct¶l ghsmn pg `gzctc igl isotglizartgmt¶g dc`ķ˅t ķ˅mpg¶pl paoldltgtcg zcrct¶loar, ķ˅m`czc pg pc dcxuaotc dszg Bcctfaucm/a dgtg `s Icmdcoppafm)Bgrtfaod| ¶pl gnmcr- Og g`c¶ptlg/ ulrtsaxltgtcg ¶pl paiztsapsoar`fcptrgo/ `s a nrgtsltgtc gblg nfl`ltg/ ķ˅m`cz pg pc igmlecptc egrg g zrcugog pcmplblogpszrg isxl`ll `g gtgrc &gpszrg

’paoldltgt¶ll zcrct¶loar‟,- L˅m àmtlmsgrc p)g ķ˅mt˅ķizogt

gdcpcarl `g ersispct¶cg pamarltgt¶ll &g tlibrsosl, pg pc dc`gocxc pszgrgtar dc psbptgmt¶gisxl`gog zrazrls)xlpg- Rlipkl)Karpgkau/ Ptrgspp/ Rguco ‐ zcmtrs g `ltg `˅ķtcug msicdc pcgig ‐ gs `sotlugt icrcs igl isot ar`fcptrg- Ar`fcptrgt¶lg ms igl c a cigmgt¶lc gisxl`ll/ `l a zadagbg g cl-

C nrcs pg rcxl¶ptl lpzltcl zc `grc a àmptltslc isotltsdlmcg dc ilhoag`c goc ar`fcptrcliadcrmc- @˅ķtc lmptrsicmtc mal ms gs lmtrgt ķ˅m ar`fcptrg dc og gnmcr ķ˅màg`c- L˅mpcàoso maptrs p)g ķ˅ibangt¶lt/ p)g rgil`gt ¶pl p)g dctcrilmgt pc`t¶lg dc zcr`st¶lc- Lmptrs)icmtcoc dc zcr`st¶lc gs ķ˅m`czst pg `ķ˅mtc; coc p)gs lmtcnrgt arngml` ķ˅m isxl`g; g `rcp`stcvtrci dc isot zaplbloltgtcg dc g oc trgmpearig dlm `soagrc &cec`t, ķ˅m isxl`g- A dgtg `sg`cgptg/ lmptrsicmtcoc dc àgrdc gs dcucmlt zcr`stgmtc; p)gs cvtlmp gpzc`tc adlmlagrg

zsr lm`ldcmtgoc8 flgncaoctso/ pso zamtl`cooa/ trciaoa/ ào ocnma/ nolppgmda/ ¶p-g-; g`cptc`goltgt¶l dc psmct gs eapt lmtcnrgtc ķ˅m isxl`g- Ar`fcptrg p)g gizol`gt/ ¶pl)g ķ˅ibangt¶ltzaplbloltgt¶loc/ ¶pl)g griamlxgt tlibrcoc &zcr`st¶lc `˅ķmt˅ķmdg ‐ àgrdc zcr`stgmtc,-

Tat g¶pg `si ķ˅m ardlmcg isxl`gog psmctso g `gzgtgt a ugoagrc dc plmc ptgtgtagrc/ ¶pltlibrso/ g`cpt zgrgictrs go psmctsosl g dcucmlt zcmtrs isxl`lcml sm eg`tar àm¶ptlcmt ¶pllmdczcmdcmt- G eapt gmgolxgtg `goltgtcg psmctsosl8 gtg`so/ dlecrltcoc gpzc`tc goc `soarllosl/ ecoso `si cptc dcbltgt- Ptrgulmpkl/ Ugrjcpc/ cbcrm/ P`f¦ambcrn/ gs gdsp a igrc

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àmtrlbst¶lc ķ˅m g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc-

Dszg `c ķ˅m zrliso dc`cmls ¶pl hsigtgtc go pcàososl maptrs/ ar`fcptrg plieaml`gghsmpcpc ķ˅m azcrcoc osl Igfocr/ Ptrgspp/ P`f¦ambcrn/ Ptrgulmpkl/ og earicoc cl `coc igl

gizoc/ g gust oa` a rcg`t¶lc og g`cgptg cvg`crbgrc g zaplbloltgt¶loar; gplptgi og rcdcpà)zcrlrcg ar`fcptrcl dc `gicrg; dc gpcicml/ og

’gmgolxg‟ ar`fcptrcl ķ˅m earigt¶lsml colztl`c

dc smcoc dlmtrc pc`t¶lsmloc cl8 àgrdc ¶pl zcr`st¶lc &Bgrtak,/ àgrdc ¶pl psflgtarl dc gogig&Flmdciltf,/ psflgtarl ¶pl zcr`st¶lc &Ugrjcpc, ct`- ct`-

Igl t˅ķrxls g lmtcrucmlt srlg¶pg rcuaost¶lc tcfml`g `c g gust gpszrg isxl`ll a lmflscmt¶gcmarig/ zcmtrs `g zrlucg ķ˅mpg¶pl igtcrlg cl/ tat g¶pg `si/ dc cvcizos/ cg g lmflscmt¶gtigtcrlgoso dc àmptrs`t¶lc ķ˅m grfltc`tsrg- Zcmtrs g ms `ltg dc`˅ķt `˅ķtcug gpzc`tc8 il`ra)

eamso/ `s zaplbloltgtcg osl dc g pcoc`t¶lamg psblc`tlu psmctcoc/ dlesxarso `s `gzg`ltgtcgdc g arngmlxg sm mas pzgt¶ls isxl`go/ bstamso lmnlmcrsosl dc psmct `s zaplbloltgt¶loc osldc gizol`grc ¶pl dlrc`t¶lamgrc g isxl`ll/ maloc lmptrsicmtc coc`traml`c ¶pl ncmcrgtagrcdc psmct/ ignmctaeamso `s psncptlloc osl tsobsrgtagrc/ tagtc g`cptcg ms gs zstst ogpglmdlecrcmt¶l zc isxl`lcml- C gl`l sm tcrcm licmp/ zcrl`soap taìgl zrlm zaplbloltgt¶loc pgocmcoliltgtc ¶pl mcdcmltc/ zrazl`c ¶pl zcmtrs ¶pgrogtgml ¶pl zcmtrs zlamlcrll igl dcnrgbg`srla¶pl dc`˅ķt arlnlmgol; dgr `˅ķt dc nrc¶plt gr pg ms ucdci dc`˅ķt gpzc`tcoc zcrl`soagpc goc

g`cptsl tcrcm mas' Gr dc mc˅ķmt¶cocp `g taìgl grtg isxl`gog pg)¶pl gptszc src`floc ogg`cpt tarcmt

’dlm gegrg‟- L˅m rcgoltgtc isxl`g zrlic¶ptc zraua`grcg ¶pl gbardcgxg `srghap

maso daicmls-

Srigrloc g`cptcl gucmtsrl psmt lm`go`sogbloc- Dca`gidgtg pc abpcrug a lmflscmt¶grc`lzra`g ķ˅mtrc `coc dasg osil; ar`fcptrg

’ògpl`g‟/ zrlilmd psncptlloc masosl daicmls

tcfml`/ `gzgtg a gosrg mc˅ķmt˅ķomltg igl ķ˅mglmtc/ ulp˅ķmd ms msigl `soarl/ `l ¶pl ptrs`tsrlmal; zc dc gotg zgrtc/ maloc zaplbloltgt¶l tcfml`c ķ˅m`cgr`g pg pc isxl`golxcxc/ pg `ķ˅mtc ‐

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dca`gidgtg `s sm ps``cp oliltgt-

@ccg `c lmtcrcpcgxg g`si/ dszg cvzsmcrcg igl zst¶lm dc`˅ķt psigrg g g`cptsl ugptzra`cp/ cptc rgzartso dlmtrc `soagrc ¶pl psbptgmt¶g/ dlmtrc tlibrs ¶pl ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog-

Cptc zrabocig `soarll tlibrgoc/ `grc p)g dcxolzlt dc isxl` g/ `g ¶pl a lignlmc `grc pcearicgxg smcarl ms zc rctlmg/ `l ķ˅mglmtcg pgs ķ˅m srig cl- Zagtc `flgr gtcmt¶lg cvgncrgtggàrdgtg `soarll dculmc sm zcrlào; cv`cpso dc àm`rct ¶pl pcmxarlgo go isxl`ll zagtc zrlichdlap zcmtrs psbptgmt¶g cl/ zagtc ds`c og mgtsrgolpi-

Rgzartso ķ˅mtrc `soagrcg tlibrcoar ¶pl isxl`g cptc g`cog ķ˅mtrc cec`t ¶pl cvzrcplc/ ķ˅mtrczcrlecrlc ¶pl cpcmt¶g- Ogrnlmd mat¶lsmcg dc `soagrc/ zstci pzsmc `g/ zc igpsrg psbptgm)t¶lgolxgrll cl/ g lmtcnrgrll ķ˅m cpcmt¶g/ `soagrcg tlibrgog ķ˅¶pl zlcrdc `grg`tcrso dc `soagrc

&cec`t,- A `soagrc tlibrgog ’grtl`sogtg‟/ isogtg zcrec`t zc isxl`g dculmc cpcmt¶g- Dli)zatrlug ķ˅mtr)a isxl`g mccpcmt¶lgog/ griamlg/ icoadlg/ rltiso zat dcucml `soarl- Cv`cpsodc `soagrc ds`c isxl`g og zcrlecrlc/ zagtc rczrcxcmtg a pogblrc g esm`t¶lamgoltgt¶ll/ azgrtl`sogrlxgrc mcdarltg g cl; mgtsrgol¶ptll crgs ml¶ptc àoarl¶ptl ķ˅m mcnrs/ zrcg zgrtl`sogrl-

Icrn˅ķmd igl dczgrtc/ zstci pzsmc `g/ dszg `si `ccg `c c cocicmt dc àmt¶lmstķ˅mtr)sm gmpgibos zagtc dcucml earigo ķ˅m gotso/ tat g¶pg `ccg `c cptc cpcmt¶g ķ˅mtr)a grtgzagtc dcucml `soagrc ķ˅m gotg; ķ˅m g`cpt eco/ pc zagtc srigrl ¶pl ecmaicmso czlnamlpisosl8

ar`fcptrgt¶lg osl Dcbspp|/ dc cvcizos/ g eapt ptrs`tsrgog ķ˅m gmpgibos azcrcl pgoc/ dgr gdcucmlt `soagrc og czlnaml- Smcarl g`cpt ecmaicm pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog og sm g`cog¶pl grtlpt/ gtsm`l`ķ˅md ķ˅¶pl trgmpearig ptloso ķ˅m igmlcrg/ dcucmlmd gpteco zrazrlso pgs czlnam-

Zrlm srigrc/ ngocrlg zc `grc gi msilt)a’

g `soarll‟ zsmc ‐ `g ¶pl `cocogotc ‐ isxl`g¶pl zc àizaxltar ķ˅m egt¶g smcl nrcoc rgpzsmdcrl- C uarbg dc smltgtcg ¶pl lmtcnrltgtcggrtcl/ dc rcsmlsmcg griamlagpg g zgrgictrloar ¶pl esm`t¶lloar/ dc rgzartso dlmtrc

’àrzso

¶pl psflctso‟ grtcl-

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Pg matgi/ ķ˅m ķ˅m`fclcrc/ `g pgz˅ķmd ogbarlap g`cptc ngocrll/ igrll àizaxltarl gs t˅ķmhltķ˅mtatdcgsmg dszg pagrc; cvg`crb˅ķmd a ogtsrg pgs gotg/ ķ˅mglmt˅ķmd `srghap ķ˅m dlrc`t¶llrlp`gmtc/ cl gs `gstgt pg abt¶lmg a smltgtc g grtcl- Sm àizaxltar pc rcgolxcgxg taìglgtsm`l `˅ķmd ķ˅¶pl zsmc ķ˅m gàrd igtcrlgoso isxl`go `s ptrs`tsrloc/ ngplmd a plmtcxg ugogblogzcmtrs zrazrlg pg azcrg-

L˅m oa` dc a cuaost¶lc g `srcmtcoar isxl`goc

G`l gr trcbslt pg uarbli dcpzrc `ccg `c rczrcxlmtg àm`rctso lptarlcl isxl`ll8`gzadazcrc/ zcrpamgoltgt¶l/ `srcmtc/ ¶pàol- Dlm mcecrl`lrc/ ķ˅mpg/ grtlàoso g`cptg p)g cv)

tlmp zrcg isot- Dc g`ccg uai trc`c zcptc `ccg `c darcgi pg c a p`flt¶g dc cuaost¶lcg `srcmtcoar isxl`goc ķ˅m `grc srigs pg c ķ˅mnoabgtc smcoc àmptgtgrl dcpzrc raigm)tlpi/ dcpzrc ¶pàoloc mgt¶lamgoc/ dcpzrc rcgolpiso zplfaoanl`/ dcpzrc rcgolpiso pa`lgolpt; dcgpcicml/ smcoc abpcrugt¶lsml gpszrg lizrcplamlpisosl/ cvzrcplamlpisosl ¶pl gotc `srcmtcsotcrlagrc- L˅mdcapcbl darcgi pg pcimgogi smcoc gpzc`tc dc ctl`g pa`lgog ¶pl grtlptl`g;ug trcbsl pg trc`ci gpszrg oar-

Mc igrnlmli g grgtg `g ķ˅mtrc `ccg `c gi msilt bla`flilc pgs ngocrll psbtcrgmc

¶pl `ccg `c rczrcxlmtg gpzc`tso’

cvtcrlar‟/ mlt go grtcl ‐ cvlptg a àrcpzamdcmt¶g zcr)igmcmtg- G psrzrlmdc zc uls ocngtsrg dlmtrc g`cptc gpzc`tc goc smlucrpsosl isxl`gozrc`si ¶pl g oc zogpg ķ˅m àmtcvtso lptarlcl `sotsrll/ lgtg ilplsmcg `cg igl lizartgmtgdgr ¶pl gt˅ķt dc dl`log g smsl isxlàoan gdcugrgt- L˅mtaìgl `si ķ˅m lptarlg pa`lctgt¶ll/og àg`crcg smar ecmaicmc àm`rctc àm`srg eg`tarll `cl igl dlucr¶pl &og dcpàzcrlrcgGicrl`ll/ pzrc cvcizos/ eg`tarll pa`lgol ¶pl càmail`l csrazcml + dcpàzcrlrloc ¶ptllmt¶l`c¶pl mc`cpltgtcg dc g ngpl sm drsi pzrc Lmdlg + ķ˅mt˅ķizogrcg,/ tat g¶pg ¶pl isxl`g aecrg

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pzc`tgàoso ilrg`soap go ķ˅iblmgrll `cocl igl arngml`c ķ˅mtrc eg`tarll’

lmtcrlarl‟ ¶pl’

cvtc)rlarl‟- Grgtgi igl psp/ esnltlu/ `si ar`fcptrg masg p)g àmptltslt ķ˅m pcàoso VULLL/ ķ˅miad sliltar/ a dgtg `s gosmngrcg òguc`lmsosl dlm ar`fcptrg &gtsm`l gzgrs ¶pl dlrlharso,/a dgtg `s rcmsmt¶grcg og bgpso `lergt/ `s trc`crcg dc og zaoleamlc og faiaeamlc/ dgr ¶plķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz `s maloc àmdlt¶lsml igtcrlgoc goc isxl`lcmloar/ p`flibgrcg zsbol`soslgrlpta`rgtl` igl ķ˅mnspt `s g`cog ogrn arg¶pcmcp`/ trc`crcg ar`fcptrcl dc og `srtcg àmtc)osl Cpxtcrfgx| og Nc~gmdfgsp/ `grc ķ˅m dcmltlu grc zaplbloltgt¶l arngmlxgtarl`c ¶pl `flgrigtcrlgoc igl ogrnl/ ds`˅ķmd og igrlrcg ¶pl dcmltlugrcg ar`fcptrcl ct`-/ ct`-

Tat¶l g`c¶ptl eg`tarl gt˅ķt dc ctcrancml ¶pl)gs dgt iķ˅mg zcmtrs g trgmpearig ķ˅mpg¶plisxl`g-

Og eco ¶pl ķ˅m pcàoso VV/ ķ˅mtr)sm fgt¶l¶p dc eg`tarl lmtrg ¶pl cvtrgisxl`gol/ cuaost¶lg grtclg`cptclg pc àmtlmsg/ lmdczcmdcmt dc il`loc ualmt¶l psblc`tluc- Nrcegtg zc a ia¶ptcmlrcisxl`gog ķ˅m zgrtc ulc/ cuaost¶lg isxl ll pcimgocgxg ķ˅mflarlrcg smcl isot¶lil dc ¶pàolmgt¶lamgoc/ `s dczaxltcoc oar isxl`goc mgtsrgoc/ zc dc gotg zgrtc a ugptg rcuaost¶lc tcf)ml`g/ gpzc`tc goc `rlxcl `sotsrll bsrnfcxc/ mal àmdlt¶lsml càmail`c goc isxl`ll &zsbol`solicmp dc gxl/ ķ˅m dcapcbl g`cog `grc

’`sizgrg‟ ¶pl `socnc isxl`g zrlm dlp`/ rgdla/ ign)

mctaeam/ `lmcig,/ àizocvso ldcaoanl` go xlocoar magptrc/ `s ķ˅mersmtgrcg nlngmtl`g ķ˅mtrc

zranrcp ¶pl rcnrcp; lgtg isotltsdlmcg dc eg`tarl gt˅ķt dc ctcrancml ¶pl ’mcdlp`lzolmgt¶l‟/ zrlm`grc ķ˅mpg `ķ˅rtlt¶g lptarlcl ķ˅¶pl `ralc¶ptc drsi mcgbgtst-

Trgli ķ˅mtr)a cza`g ķ˅m `grc psblc`tlulpiso ¶pl gbpaostlxgrcg smslg pgs gotslg dlm gp)zc`tcoc isxl`ll zat dgsmg isot icrpsosl ķ˅mglmtc go grtcl- Psrzrlmdc/ dc g`ccg/ s¶psrlmt¶g`s `grc smll pgs got¶ll uar pg ugdg ķ˅m isxl`g msigl sm ogbargtar/ pgs msigl a cp)trgdg/ msigl sm lxuar dc dcoc`tgrc/ msigl smso dc `smag¶ptcrc/ pgs msigl a trlbsmg/s¶psrlmt¶g `s `grc smll pgs got¶ll gbpaostlxcgxg pgs lnmarg8 trgdlt¶lg pgs lmaugt¶lg/ ldccg pgs

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pcmtlicmtso/ zsbol`so pgs `goltgtcg/ maso pgs ersispct¶cg/ àmt¶lmstso pgs earig grtclisxl`goc-

Tagtc g`cptc ngocrll goc isxl`ll/ tagtc g`cptc àmdlt¶lsml dc cvlptcmt¶g goc cl psmt lmtli

ocngtc ķ˅mtrc coc ¶pl rc`smag¶ptcrcg àm¶ptlcmtg g lmtcrdczcmdcmt¶cl oar cptc eaoapltagrc grtclisxl`goc/ dgtgtagrc dc olbcrtgtc/ `g arl`c rc`smag¶ptcrc g mc`cpltgt¶ll- &˅Lmdcapcbl zcmtrsa grtg gt˅ķt dc mcstloltgrg/ ligtcrlgog ¶pl

’olbcrg‟ `g isxl`g-, A gpcicmcg ogrnlic dc

arlxamt `crc ķ˅mpg dasg zrc`lxgrl; ķ˅mt˅ķlg8 ogrnlic dc arlxamt ms ķ˅mpcgimg còc`tlpi ‐pcplxgrcg bangt¶lcl dc zaplbloltgt¶l ms ķ˅mpcgimg olzpg pcoc`t¶lcl; g dasg8 icrpso ķ˅mglmtc gogrtcl isxl`goc ms c ic`gml`; lptarlg isxl`ll gr zol`tlpltagrc dg`g tat¶l àizaxltarllp)gr dlpzsmc ķ˅m ardlmcg

’icrpsosl ķ˅mglmtc‟; a dgtg `s ^gnmcr g trglt Brgfip/ a dgtg

`s Dcbspp| ‐ Rguco; smll àizaxltarl psmt igl ķ˅mglmtgt¶l/ got¶ll igl gd˅ķm`l/ got¶ll iglàoargt¶l/ got¶ll igl zolml dc egric` ct`- ct`-

Ptrs`tsrg ¶pl cocicmtc

Gtsm`l `˅ķmd gi trc`st ķ˅m rculptg `ķ˅tcug dlm ngocrlloc ķ˅m `grc pzlrltso `rcgtar isxl`gog percdcolt tcmg`c/ gi ailp smg dlmtrc coc/ `grc zstcg igl nrcs dcmsilt g ngocrlc8

ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog- G`cgptg mat¶lsmc grc sm `grg`tcr plmtctl` isotldlicmplamgo/ pzrcdcapcblrc dc rlti/ griamlc/ ar`fcptrgt¶lc/ `grc psmt dlicmplsml- Cptc uarbg dc rcsmls)mcg tstsrar g`cptarg ķ˅mtr)a t¶cpgtsrg pgs p`rlltsrg gu˅ķmd sm zrao zrazrls/ a `golnrgcpzc`l`g- G pczgrg dlicmplsmloc dc rcsmlrcg oar cptc sm os`rs eagrtc nrcs ¶pl `crc smceart gmgoltl` pzc`lgo/ dc g`ccg/ uarblmd dcpzrc

’zgptg‟ griaml`g-

’T¶ cpgtsrg‟ rltil`g/

psmct ¶pl’

psbptgmt¶g‟/ gucgi ķ˅m ucdcrc taìgl ptrs`tsrg/ gdl`g zsmcrcg ķ˅m rcogt¶lc gcocicmtcoar `s ķ˅mtrcnso- L˅m p`flib ms gi uarblt dcpzrc icoadlc/ cocicmt eagrtc nrcs

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gmgolxgblo/ àmdcmpgrc g `coarogotc dlicmplsml/ `c zagtc zrlult co ķ˅mps¶pl gzragzc `ga ptrs`tsrg; og Bcctfaucm/ cg pc mg¶ptc gdcpcarl dlm àizaxlt¶lc pgs a dgtg `s cg- L˅mzcrlagdg faiaeamg/ tcmdlmt¶g dc g trgmpearig isxl`g ķ˅m icoadlc ¶pl zgptg griaml`g gdsp og sltgrcg ldcll dc ptrs`tsrg ¶pl g àrcogrll isxl`ll `s tlizso; gpteco/ isxl`g g zststdcucml dcpcarl sm àmnoaicrgt igoglct¶-

Og ògpl`l/ ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog crg gdilrgblog; ecric`gtagrcoc icoadll goc osl Iaxgrtms psmt igl cvzrcpluc dc`˅ķt àmtcvtso oar ptrs`tsrgo- Bcctfaucm/ àizaxltar `s a eart¶gdlgoc`tl`g zrlm cv`cocmt¶g plmtctl`g/ g eapt ķ˅mps¶pl igcptrso ptrs`tsrll isxl`goc; igl isot8eagrtc àm¶ptlcmt dc ptrs`tsrg/ co g zsp)a igl zrcpsp dc arl`c- Igl t˅ķrxls/ dszg ^gnmcr&zagtc ¶pl a dgtg `s co,/ arngmlpiso isxl`go pc ķ˅izgptcgxg- G¶pg/ uai ķ˅mt¶cocnc dc `c

P`f¦ambcrn/ a dgtg `s lmtrads`crcg dadc`geamlcl/ g ķ˅m`cr`gt sm os`rs giblt¶lap/ g urstpg ghsmng og a masg ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog/ og sm mas c`flolbrs/ ķ˅mtrc `ccg `c pc msic¶ptcarlxamtgo ¶pl ucrtl`go/ faiaeam ¶pl olmcgr/ egrg ķ˅mpg `g g`cgptg pg)l rcs¶pcgp`g ķ˅mtatdcgsmg;zgptg ķ˅m`g zrcg gdcpcarl trgnc ķ˅m hap t¶cpstso pgs isxl go-

Gl`l trcbslc pg uarbli dcpzrc cbcrm8 g`cptg g rcs¶plt pg ngpcgp`g a gpcicmcg masgptrs`tsrg- Gzgrlt¶lg osl cbcrm ķ˅m isxl`g cptc arngml`g/ cg rgpzsmdc smcl mc`cpltgt¶lrcgoc; gptgxl/ a dgtg `s rcg`t¶lg og trc`st ķ˅l zstci ucdcg ¶pl ogtsrg trgdlt¶lamgog- G`cpt

àizaxltar/ `s a àm¶ptllmt¶g zcrec`t lmtcnrg/ g ķ˅m`cr`gt a plmtcxg ’iadcptg‟ dgr lmàm)tcptgblo rcs¶pltg; oliltgrcg zc `grc ¶pl)g lizsp)a zrlmtr)a pcoc`t¶lc pcucrg g ilhoag`coar dccvzrcplc l)g s¶psrgt rc`rcgrcg eg`tsrll isxl`goc- Gpteco/ isxl`g osl zrcxlmtg psncptll dculltar/ `grc ms gs ķ˅mt˅ķrxlgt dc g cvzoagtgtc dc ncmcrgt¶lg tlmcrloar àizaxltarl dc dszg`co dc)go dalocg rgxbal iamdlgo- Basocx/ Mama/ Pta`kfgspcm gs zarmlt dc og slilrcg ķ˅megt¶g g`cptcl grtc/ dc og gmgolxg cl/ smltg `s ldcloc zrazspc dc Icpplgcm/ egrg g lxbstl pg)lcngocxc gpzc`tso ògpl`/ gdilrgbloso plit¶ go tlizsosl/ c`flolbrso dlicmplsmloar- &Zcmtrs

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g ķ˅m`fclg àmpldcrgt¶lsmloc magptrc esnltluc gpszrg ¶pàoll mal ulcmcxc/ trcbslc pg pzsmci`g P`f¦ambcrn/ Bcrn/ cbcrm/ c`grc ķ˅m iadso pgs zrazrls/ gs ngplt a plmtcxg zrazrlcķ˅mtrc igtcrlgo ¶pl ptrs`tsrg-,

Gmgolx˅ķmd dctgolgt/ ķ˅m àoaùll/ isxl`g ¶pàoll ulcmcxc/ ¶pl ķ˅m dcapcbl g`ccg g osl ^c)bcrm/ a pcgig dc tlmcrl isxl`lcml/ zrlmtrc `grc `cl trcl igl zracilmcmt¶l `ltgt¶l igl psp/gs ghsmp og a masg igmlcrg dc g àm`czc ptrs`tsrg isxl`gog; pcrlgolxgrcg ķ˅mgot¶liloar geapt cvtlmpg gpszrg tstsrar zgrgictrloar isxl`ll8 dsrgtg/ lmtcmpltgtc/ tlibrs; dc gpcic)mcg/ ictadcoc dc pcrlgolxgrc gs eapt rgmgtc/ mciglrcxsot˅ķmd culdcmt og a zrlig gmgolxgg zgrtltsrll &g`cpt go dalocg egzt ķ˅¶pl grc anolmdlrcg ķ˅m src`fc; `ccg `c crg zcr`cztlblogsdltlu ķ˅m dadc`geamlc/ dculmc igl àmesx/ igl pc`rct/ igl zst¶lm àmtraogblo/ gl`l,- P)g

ghsmp gpteco og a isxl`g ķ˅m `grc c`grc matg cptc sm zsm`t &dc g`ccg/ ptloso p)g msilt’

zalmtloolpt‟, `s àardamgtcoc osl zrazrll8 ķ˅mgot¶lic/ dsrgtg/ lmtcmpltgtc/ tlibrs- Zsm`tc)oc g`cptcg pc nrszcgxg ķ˅m ptrs`tsrl; isxl`g pc àizsmc dlm zsm`tc ¶pl ptrs`tsrl- Elc`grcdlmtrc àizaxltarll tgocmtgt¶l gl ¶pàoll psp)`ltgtc ¶pl)g ¶poceslt igtcrlgoso isxl`go gocp/ ķ˅màmeariltgtc `s tcizcrgicmtso ¶pl ldcloc pgoc- @s tlizso/ cl p)gs zraogt ¶pl ķ˅m ocngtsrg`s `sotsrg oar mgt¶lamgog- Mama g zrcecrgt earicoc ua`goc/ ķ˅m pzc`lgo àrso/ ķ˅mt˅ķomlmdgpteco zc igrll igdrlngol¶ptl ltgolcml; Pta`kfgspcm/ `grc g rgigp sm cvzcrlicmtgo/ c dc)

pcarl gzrazlgt dc earicoc bgra`c ncrigmc; Basocx g àmtlmsgt olmlg Dcbspp|)Icpplgcm`s trgmpzgrcmt¶c ergm`cxc- G`cptg dlm srig/ go`gtslmds)¶pl nflrogmdcoc dc psmctc ķ˅mtr)sm pzlrlt gmtlcvzrcplamlpt/ dc cocngmt¶g dlgegmg/ g ghsmp og ptrs`tsrl eagrtc bangtc ķ˅mpsmctc/ dcàrgtluc ¶pl tatadgtg gcrgtc/ gu˅ķmd a gosrg gbptrg`tg-

Gpteco/ Basocx ghsmnc pg earisocxc `ccg `c n˅ķmdcg ms msigl co8 a isxl`g g ptrs`ts)rloar ‐ ķ˅m `grc mat¶lsmloc dc iatlu pgs tcig psmt zcrligtc- Pg pzcrgi `g zrlm g`cgptgzcrligrc ms pc ķ˅mt¶cocnc `ccg `c msicgi igl psp

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dlptrsncrcg xl`g‟ g iatlusosl pgs

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tcicl; gdcugrgt `g mat¶lsmcg dc iatlu gzgrt¶lmc smcl gotc n˅ķmdlrl isxl`goc/ dgr `lmc mczagtc gplnsrg `g sm àizaxltar dc gxl/ dco lizsopsrloar pgoc lmtcrlagrc/ cptc ecrlt dcmc`cpltgtcg dc g rgpzsmdc/ dc g rc`srnc og sm iatlu1 L˅m rcgoltgtc/ tamgo/ iadgo/ gtc)igtl`/ dadc`geaml` ms zat cvlptg isotg urcic ķ˅m ptgrc zsrg ¶pl drsiso uls go plmtcxcoarcptc icrcs dcp`flp-

Pc ghsmnc ķ˅m grtg isxl gog og a pltsgt¶lc zgrgdavgog8 ‐ zc dc a zgrtc/ a igrcķ˅ibangt¶lrc g `ccg `c pc msicp` ilhoag`c dc cvzrcplc &rlti/ icoadlc/ griamlc/ ar`fcp)trg,/ ķ˅m tliz `c esm`t¶lamgoltgtcg oar/ zstcrcg dc rcsmlrc ķ˅mtr)sm tat ògpl` psecrg a`grcmt¶g ‐ `s gotc `sulmtc8 a zocmltsdlmc g zgrt¶loar ¶pl a pgrg`lc g ķ˅mtrcnsosl; ‐ zc dcgotg zgrtc/ sm ķ˅mtrcn rc`rcgt lmtcnrgo/ lmàmtcptgblo smltgr/ dgr `grc ms eg`c dc`˅ķt pgrcsmcgp`g rliltsrl &

’zalmtloolpiso‟ lmd `co igl zrcnmgmt cvcizos,/ `s gotc `sulmtc8

sm arngmlpi lmtcnrs/ bgxgt zc a zcmsrlc g zgrt¶loar/ pgs8 a ptrs`tsrg bangtg/ bgxgtg zccocicmtc pgrg`c-

Dc`l8 dl`sotgtcg ķ˅iblmgrll ptrs`tsrll `s cocicmtcoc/ ngplmds)mc dcpcarl ķ˅m zrcxcmt¶gc g smar cocicmtc egrg ptrs`tsrg/ c g smar ptrs`tsrl `s cocicmtc `tluc-

Trcbslc pg icmt¶lamgi g`l `g/ ķ˅m ķ˅m`cr`grcg dc g ngpl sm mas c`flolbrs go ptrs`tsrllisxl`goc/ p)g rc`srp tat igl gdcpcarl og cocicmtc ictgisxl`goc/ gdl`g p)g lmtradsp aardlmc dlm gegrg/ ķ˅mtr)a `gpg ķ˅m `grc ardlmcg ķ˅m`czspc pg olzpcgp`g- Psmt dc dlp`stgtbgxcoc g`cptcl g`t¶lsml ictgisxl`goc/ `grc ms cptc masg &cg zrc`cdc ¶pl dadc`geamlpiso/zagtc `flgr ¶pl

’grp maug‟ icdlcugog,- Uai àmptgtg smcoc ps``cpc ¶pl c¶pc`srl goc g`cptar

tcmtgtluc-

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Ictgisxl`g ¶pl lmergisxl`g

Isxl`g ms p)g azrlt og ķ˅m`cr`grcg dc pcrlgolxgrc lmtcnrgog g ptrs`tsrloar pamarc-L˅mtr)sm rlti g``cocrgt/ sotlicoc dc`cmll gs ugxst gzgrlt¶lg smar mal `srcmtc `grc/ dlm

`c ķ˅m `c igl isot/ zsmcgs ķ˅m dlp`st¶lc ķ˅mpg¶pl bgxcoc grtcl isxl`goc- P)gr zstcg pzsmc`flgr `g pàzso g`cptar mal ķ˅m`cr`grl ‐ tat igl rgdl`goc/ igl lxaogtc ¶pl lmgil`c ķ˅mtrccoc ‐ ptg ms gt˅ķt ķ˅m g zrads`c azcrc dc grtg/ `l igl dcnrgbg ķ˅m g pszsmc dlp`st¶lclgrtg isxl`gog- Gzgrlt¶lg g`cptarg ķ˅¶pl grc a oanl`g ‐ cvtrgisxl`gog ¶pl lmtrgisxl`gog ‐ coceaoapcp` ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sm

’nrgsmtc rgt¶lamgo‟ lmcrcmt grtcl isxl`goc/ dc g`ccg pc rcucmdl`g

dc og ògpl`l pgs dc gotc `sotsrl isxl`goc &ptrguc`fl/ zazsogrc,/ ķ˅m`cr`˅ķmd g dabķ˅mdl gptecopaoldltgtc-

Smcoc `srcmtc pc rcecrcgs og sm igtcrlgo isxl`go mas8 isxl`g coc`traml`g ¶pl àm)`rctg/ dcpzrc `grc uarbcgi ķ˅m trc`crc og

’ngocrlg àoarg‟/ zrlucgs ķ˅m rcgoltgtc taìgl

arngmamso isxl`go/ `flgr dg`g giblt¶lamgs a masg grtl`sogt¶lc pamarg- Og eco ¶pl ķ˅m`cr`grlocdc g zsmc ķ˅m culdcmt¶g psrpg pzgt¶lgog g isxl`ll zrlm ptcrcaeamlc/ dlpzsmcrl dc dlesxag)rc/ arngmlxgrcg pzc`lgog ķ˅m pzgt¶ls g ar`fcptrcl/ pgs nrszgrcg igl isotar ar`fcptrc/pgs àiblmgrcg psrpcoar ar`fcptrgoc ògpl`c `s `gmgosrloc cilt¶gtagrc ignmctl`c- Tagtcg`cptcg ķ˅¶pl ngpcgs gmtc`cdcmtc ķ˅m isxl`g icdlcugog

’

dc tsrm‟/ ķ˅m Ngbrlcool ¶pl igl t˅ķrxls

og Bcrolax; isxl`g igmlzsogtg zc bcmxl ¶pl àm`rctg psmt ¶pl coc `gxsrl)oliltg dc mal lm)tcnrgrl pamarc ķ˅m psbptgmt¶g isxl`gog/ `flgr dg`g pc zsmcg masg zrabocig g colilmgrlllmtcrzrctsosl/ pgs ¶pl g zsbol`sosl/ zrlm trliltcrcg isxl`ll og dail`lols- Dgr agrc dlp`so‐ àmpcrug isxl`gog `s zcrec`t¶lsmcg pg ptgtl`g/ ms colilmgpc `cug dlm pzamtgmcltgtcgg`tsosl lmtcrzrctgrll/ ms dgdcg zaplbloltgtcg trs`sosl isxl go1

Tagtc g`cptcg gs gust dgrso dc g ptlisog icdltgt¶lg gpszrg isxl`ll ¶pl ogpg a dķ˅rg ķ˅màizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog- Psmt lmtcrcpgmtc dasg ķ˅m`cr`grl dc pcmp azsp/ g`cocg zaogrlxgtc

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dc Vcmgklp ¶pl @gnc- Tcmtgtlug osl Vcmgklp ¶pl g gotarg ķ˅m g`ccg¶pl dlrc`t¶lc àmptg ķ˅m gabt¶lmc a isxl`g zcrec`t `go`sogtg &dctcrilmgtg,/ ķ˅m tliz `c g `coar dlm dlrc`t¶lg osl@gnc cptc a isxl`g

’zcrec`t‟ mc`go`sogtg/ pzamtgmg og `soic ‐ giblt¶lsml azspc/ dgr

dc egzt eagrtc gzrazlgtc/ `grc zsm ķ˅m `gsxg gpzc`tc cpcmt¶lgoc goc grtcl isxl`goc-

L˅m egt¶g grtlptsosl pc rldl`g sm ugo dc zrabocic ocngtc dc mgtsrg ķ˅mpg¶pl g isxl`ll ¶pltrgugolsosl isxl`go-

@grc cptc nrgdso dc zrculxlsmc g rcxsotgtsosl `rcgt¶lcl1 Psblc`tlu/ grtlptso zagtcpzsmc dcpzrc a os`rgrc g pg `g

’g srigrlt)a z˅ķmg og sotlig matg‟ pgs/ dlizatrlug/ `g

cptc pzamtgmg ¶pl mcàmtraogtg/ rcxsotgt lmtcnrgo go lmpzlrgt¶lcl- Dgr g`cgptg ms cptc dagra `fcptlsmc psblc`tlug- Ablc`tlu/ c nrcs pg dcpàzcrl a àizaxlt¶lc tatgo `go`sogtg/ pgs

ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlic pzamtgmg- Rgiķ˅mc ķ˅m zl`lagrc a ķ˅mtrcbgrc `grc ms g eapt cosdgtg ml`ladgtg‐ ¶pl zagtc `g ms ug ; `grc cptc zgrtcg dc ocnltgtc/ dc ķ˅mt¶cocncrc rgt¶lamgog/ oanl`g&earigolxgblog, ķ˅m grtg ¶pl `grc cptc g`ccg dc pzamtgmcltgtc/ rcxlptcmtg arl`grcl ķ˅m`cr`grldc zsmcrc ķ˅m c`sgt¶lc1

Dgr ķ˅mdcapcbl8 `si pc ķ˅iblmg g`cptc dasg ogtsrl goc grtcl/ `grc c iaicmtso `˅ķmd`coc dasg ogtsrl pc ķ˅iblmg pgs `˅ķmd smg dlm coc eg`c oa` `coclogotc1 @si pc ptgbloc¶ptcc`flolbrso dlmtrc dctcrilmgt ¶pl ķ˅mtķ˅izogtar/ ķ˅m grtg1 @˅ķt olbcr grbltrs/ `˅ķtg olbcrtgtc dc

il¶p`grc grc grtlptso ķ˅m azcrg pg egt¶g dc igtcrlgoso ¶pl n˅ķmdlrcg `grc)l ptgs og ķ˅mdciķ˅mg1L˅m`cr`grcg smcl pcucrltgt¶l tatgoc/ dc ardlm igtcigtl` pgs oanl`/ rczrcxlmtg a ķ˅mdrgxmcgog¶pl a gucmtsrg og eco dc pcicgt¶g `g ¶pl g`ccg g smcl olbcrtgt¶l tatgoc- L˅m sotlig lmptgmt¶g/gpcicmcg ķ˅m`cr`grl ms zat dc`˅ķt `gxsrl)oliltg- Cptc `ccg `c gs ķ˅m`cr`gt Vcmgklp ¶pl@gnc `s rcxsotgtc/ zrg`tl` uarblmd/ dlp`stgbloc/ tcmtgtluc `c icrltg ķ˅mpg ‐ egrg ķ˅mdalgog‐ pg lmtrc ķ˅m dlp`st¶lc-

Gtsm`l `˅ķmd P`f¦ambcrn g `rlptgolxgt ldccg smcl àizaxlt¶ll isxl`goc `s 72

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msr gs)

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02

eclmgmdcr bcxancmcm T¦amcm‟ &gdl`g psmctc’

mcguķ˅md ocngtsrl dc`ķ˅t msigl ķ˅mtrc coc‟,/g`cgptg g gust a pciml`gt¶lc zrlm`lzlgog dczg¶plmd `s isot zrazrlg zrg`tl`g dadc`gea)ml`g- Rct¶ctg/ earisococ osl zrg`tl`c/ gs eapt `sr˅ķmd ogrnltc/ ncmcrgolxgtc/ zcrec`t¶lamgtc/czslxgtc ¶pl mcngtc dlgoc`tl`- L˅mpg g rgigp ķ˅mpg¶pl ldccg/ gpszrg `grclg p)g àmtlmsgt gpc lmplptg/ g smar ocngtsrl ķ˅mtrc psmctc ķ˅m gegrg `coar tamgoc/ g rgigp ldccg `cr`ctgrllocngtsrloar zaplbloc ķ˅mtrc psmctc- P`f¦ambcrn zrazspcpc pcrll dc 72 cocicmtc rlnldc/ ig)mlzsogtc ķ˅m pzlrltso zaoleamlcl icdlcugoc ¶pl zrat˅ķmd dc cvzcrlcmt¶g pc`sogrg g lptarlclisxl`ll- Dgr `lmc ķ˅izlcdl`g ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc gzol`grcg smar gotc zrlm`lzll igtcigtl`c/ `gpzrc cvcizos g`cog go pc`t¶lsmll dc gsr/ ¶plrsosl osl Elbamg` l/ msicrcoar zrlic ct`- ‐c`flugogrcg cucmtsgog ķ˅m isxl`g g smar iadcosrl igtcigtl`c ‐ `s gotc `sulmtc/ gds`c)rcg ķ˅m isxl`g g smar ardlml cvtrg ‐ pgs ictgisxl`goc1

P)g abpcrugt dlmtatdcgsmg cvlptcmt¶g smar zrlm`lzll àismc isotar daicmll- Dccvcizos/ zrlm`lzlso `gstgrll dc gsr &g!b9&g+b,!g, g eapt gzol`gt àm¶ptlcmt ķ˅m grtcoczogptl`c dc grtl¶ptll Rcmg¶ptcrll/ dszg `c ķ˅m zrcgogblo espcpc `cr`ctgtg ¶pl ķ˅m gmgtailc-Zrlm`lzll dc plictrlc zat ngpltc ķ˅m osicg `rlptgocoar/ ķ˅m g`ccg batgml`g/ ķ˅m grfltc`tsrg/ķ˅m isxl`g-

@amucrtlrcg àmpcùcmtg ķ˅m isxl g g smar ardlml igtcigtl`c ‐ uc`fl ulp go isotar

pzlrltc ‐ g eapt ķ˅m`cr`gtg dc Vcmgklp/ dc zraecplsmc ¶pl grfltc`t- Dc cvcizos/ ķ˅m`cr`grlocosl dc isxl`g pta`gptl`g rczrcxlmtg a gzol`grc ķ˅m osicg psmctcoar/ g `go`sosl zrabgbl)oltgt¶loar- Vcmgklp pc rcecrg ķ˅m ocngtsrg `s g`cgptg og psncrgrcg smar osil dc isot¶lil`si gr g`ccg ptcogrg/ g gnoaicrgrloar dc agicml ct`- L˅m zgrgmtcxg c pzsp/ agicmllzrg`tl`ll isxl`goc gs eapt zs¶pl dc isotc arl ķ˅m egt¶g ķ˅mtrcbgrll8 `˅ķt gmsic pc zagtc p`fli)bg dlmtr)a isxl`g egrg g a gotcrg pcmplblo1 Og Iaxgrt/ a il`g p`flibgrc dculmc `s isotigl rczcdc gsdlblog dc`˅ķt og Bcctfaucm; gi gocp lmtcmt¶lamgt dasg cvcizoc og `co igl

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ķ˅mgot mluco/ zcmtrs g grgtg `g g`cgptg `fcptlsmc ms lizol`g/ g¶pg `si pc `rcdc dc isotcarl/ ugoagrcg isxl`ll- C uarbg/ dlm mas/ dc nrgdso dc zrabgbloltgtc ugrlgblo/ cvlptcmtķ˅m arl`c isxl`g- &G`cgptg zgrgmtcxg dcp`fldc `fcptlsmcg gocgtarlpisosl ķ˅m isxl`g,-Gtsm`l `˅ķmd `go`sococ igtcigtl`c gs eapt gmcualagpc/ Vcmgklp oc)g ķ˅m`rcdlmt¶gt ig¶plmll

dc `go`sogt/ `ccg `c ms ķ˅mpcgimg `g ig¶plmg àizsmcg; àm`czt¶lg gzgrt¶lmc aisosl; colignlmcgxg zaplbloltgtcg ¶pl iadso dc àmucrtlrc g iadcososl ķ˅m isxl`g; ig¶plmg ķ˅o ghstgdagr ķ˅m cec`tsgrcg smar azcrgt¶lsml zrg`tl`c-

Rct¶lmci dlm cvzcrlcmt¶g osl Vcmgklp ldccg `grc rczrcxlmtg àmtlmsgrcg ¶pàoll ulcmcxcg psmctcoar ocngtc

’msigl ķ˅mtrc coc‟-

Gpteco isxl`g mc gzrazlc dc daicmlso oanl`ll plibaol`c- L˅m `c igpsrg zagtc ear)

igolxgtg a àmptrs`t¶lc isxl`gog1 L˅m `c igpsrg a àizaxlt¶lc isxl`gog zagtc `rcgtgzc bgxg smsl gonarlti ‐ ms cptc a ķ˅mtrcbgrc masg; ķ˅m trcg`gt a gtlmncgi uarblmd dcpzrcIaxgrt ¶pl Bcctfaucm- Lmtrads`crcg smsl iadco ds`c mcgzgrgt og `cug àfcrcmt1 Zagtczcr`czc gsdltarlso g`cgptg ardlmc1 Earigolxgrcg lmtcnrgog g smcl isxl`l cptc sm os`rscvtrci dc nrcs- Oanl`g plibaol`g/ dc goteco ms colilmg iaicmtso lmtsltlu/ `rcgtar- Cgms g lxbstlt g`cpt os`rs ig`gr ķ˅m igtcigtl`g/ `grc ml`l cg ‐ ¶ptllmt¶g cvg`tg ms g zstst earigolxgtg lmtcnrgo; igl isot ‐ p)g dciamptrgt `g ķ˅mpg¶pl igtcigtl`g msicrcoar mg)

tsrgoc cptc lizaplblo dc earigolxgt z˅ķmg og `gzgt- L˅m g`ccg¶pl ardlmc dc ldcl/ pg pzsmci`g gzol`grcg smar `go`soc ķ˅m grtg ms àmtrgxl`c ldccg dc mglultgtc grtlptl`g- Ocamgrdacrg pgugmt ¶pl ķ˅m grtg pg; sm grtlpt zagtc lnmarg mglu iaicmtso grtlptl` srigrlmd smpàz cvtrggrtlptl`/ lmd taìgl ķ˅m iaicmtso g`cog igl grtlpt dc`˅ķt arl`˅ķmd; Iglgkau)pkl/ ur˅ķmd pg eg`g zaoltl`g/ eg`c grtg; Bgrtak c grtlpt ķ˅m zcdgnanl`so

’Il`raàpiap‟;

Brc`ft c smcarl igl grtlpt `˅ķmd urcg pg c dldg`tl`- @go`soķ˅md ¶pl ic¶ptcrlmd ilhoag`cocpgoc dc `rcgt¶lc/ sm grtlpt zagtc igl mglu dc`˅ķt g`cog `grc/ pspzcmd˅ķmds)¶pl zrlulrloc

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ķ˅m tgugm/ pc ķ˅m`flzslc lmpzlrgt/ dgr `go`socgxg ķ˅m rcgoltgtc cocicmtcoc grtcl pgoc ķ˅mtr)smiad icp`flm rstlmlcr-

Zcmtrs g àmtlmsg a ldcc dcpzrc `grc p)g igl uarblt ķ˅m g`cpt grtlào/ pg pzsmci

`g a isxl`g `c àmptltslc gzol`grcg smsl iadco ķ˅m ardlmcg psmctcoar ms ds`c mcgzgrgtog’

gmtl)isxl`g‟/ ms àmtrgxl`c `s mc`cpltgtc ardlmcg tamgog/ dc cvcizos ‐ dszg `siardlmcg iadgog ¶pl tamgog ms pc s`ld rc`lzra`- Gpteco/ sm àizaxltar `c rc`srnc oggpzc`tc ictgisxl`goc mal/ ms pc rldl`g zrlm g`cgptg ķ˅izatrlug ptrgtsrloar pgoc uc`flgec`tluc &dc ardlm tamgo/ àoarlptl`/ mgt¶lamgo/ ldcaoanl` ct`-,- Lmtcrcpgmt c g psrzrlmdctaìgl iaicmtso ķ˅iblmgrll cocicmtsosl ictgisxl`go &earigolxgblo, `s g`cog

’uc`fl‟/

`grc psmg tstsrarg ķ˅m src`fl; `ccg `c cptc uc`fl ķ˅m isxl`g ms dlpzgrc mcgzgrgt/ dszg

`si/ ncaictrl` uarblmd/ g ķ˅mp`rlc sm `sb ķ˅mtr)sm gzgrtgicmt `s isotc `gicrc/ ms ds`cog pzgrncrcg zcrct¶loar g`cptslg-

Zc dc gotg zgrtc/ dg`g a ilmtc pszcr`lgog gr ķ˅m`cr`g pg psncrcxc gosmngrcg gec`tcoardlm grtg isxl`gog/ cg gr àmtrgxlpg ms msigl dc grnsicmtgt¶lg pgmgtagpg/ `l dc ķ˅mpg¶plzrg`tl`g isxl`gog- Arl`˅ķt p)gr arngmlxg ¶pl p)gr bgrl`gdg grtg/ cg ug osgtg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg`s gpgot ¶pl ecrtlolxgtg mgugoml` dlm gegrg- Rcgoltgtcg ‐ tat `ccg `c pc zrazsmc grtcl ‐ug rgiķ˅mc icrcs mcearigolxgblog; arnaolso ¶pl og`rlig/ p˅ķmncoc ¶pl àizgplsmcg/ cralpiso

¶pl pcmtlicmtso esmcbrs pc uar ķ˅mt˅ķoml ķ˅m osicg isxl`ll `s p`fcicoc gbptrg`t¶lsmll/ `szsopgt¶lloc ardlmll àpil`c/ ogpķ˅md mcgotcrgtg cpcmt¶g grtcl-

Og `gzgtso `cogogot go zrabocigtl`ll osl Vcmgklp/ `s giblt¶lloc cl ¶ptllmt¶l`c/ ptg g`)tlultgtcg osl @gnc `s tagtc gpzc`tcoc cl bseamc- G abt¶lmc fgxgrdso zc `gocg osl @gncķ˅mpcgimg zcmtrs Vcmgklp ‐ zrabgblo ‐ a losxlc dloctgmtl`g &xcra rcxsotgtc cvg`tc `cra zrc`lxlsmc gpcigmgtagrc `s abt¶lmcrcg g 72 cvg`tc,; fgxgrdso trcbslc abt¶lmst dszgVcmgklp zrlm igvlisi dc zrabgbloltgt¶l dc cultgrc g mcķ˅mtķ˅izogtarsosl- Tats¶pl/ @gnc

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03

a eg`c dloctgmtl`- Zcptc gpzc`tcoc rlxlbloc &gi gplptgt ¶pl cs og sm àm`crt go osl, cvlptgsmcoc `grc tc zsm zc n˅ķmdsrl-

Trc`crcg pzrc dcpàzcrlrcg osl @gnc/ dc `gtrc gugmngrdg csrazcgmg/ p)g eg`st zrlm

isxl`g msiltg gocgtarl`˖ g / g fgxgrdsosl- P)g uarblt igl psp dcpzrc gpzc`tcoc gocgtarl`cdlm tatdcgsmg goc isxl`ll8 pg ms sltgi eaoòarso/ ķ˅m `grc lizraulxgt¶lg hag`g sm rao gtķ˅tdc lizartgmt; dc gpcicmcg hgxxso/ il¶p`grc isxl`gog eagrtc cmcrnl`g dlm pcàoso VV;bgpso `lergt ķ˅m isxl`g dgdcg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg zaplbloltgtcg smsl ha` gocgtarl` ķ˅mtr)sm `gdrsdgt; gbpaostlxgrcg g`cptar gpzc`tc/ gàzcrlrcg ķ˅mtrcnll pszrgect¶c g grtcl isxl`goc `s coc/cvg`crbgrcg oar/ g dsp og `srcmtso gocgtarl`- Os`rgrloc gocgtarl`c gs

’ķ˅mislgt‟ isxl`g/

zsmķ˅md)a og dlpzaxlt¶lg iaicmtsosl/ og zstcrcg dc psncptlc g lmtcrzrctsosl-

P¶l gpteco @gnc ghsmnc og lmearigo / dlp`srp isxl`go egrg earig/ gmtl)earig/ gmtl)ardlmc- Eg`˅ķmd g¶pg/ @gnc grc zrctcmt¶lsml mcigpsrgtc- Dciamptr˅ķmds)¶pl zrads`t¶lsmlocisxl`goc `s a olml¶ptc ķ˅màrdgtg/ dlrlh˅ķmd `s il¶p`grl flcrgtl`c/ ķ˅m`cgr`g pg lmflscmt¶cxczplfaoanl` gsdltarlso og iadso rltsgo/ ignl`; co gr darl pg àmecrc isxl`ll sm zrcptlnls/a esm`t¶lc zc `grc cg m)a igl grc dlm tlizsrl liciarlgoc- Gugogm¶pcoc osl dc psmctc/smcoc `s rcxamgmt¶c mgtsrgolptc/ zgsxcoc mcigpsrgtc/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd ms psmt giblnsc/trcxcp` dcpcarl nrligpc gp`sotgtarloar- L˅m oa` dc ignlc/ ķ˅m oa` dc gstarltgtc mcàmtcptgtg/

guci dc)g eg`c `s a igmlecptgrc `grc/ dcògm¶p˅ķmd r˅ķpso/ ķ˅¶pl zlcrdc zstcrcg dc `gztgrcg gtcmt¶lcl ¶pl `flgr siarso- Isxl`g g`cgptg gr darl a `gztgrc tatgog g zcrpamgoltgt¶llgsdltarlsosl; ¶pl g`cgptg/ trc`˅ķmd zcptc àm`rctso grtcl/ lmflscmt¶˅ķmd zrlm `˅ķtcug rsdlicmtc`c ulpcgxg g gucg zrcptlnlso tatcisrloar ptrguc`fl- C gdcugrgt `g grtg zrliltlug ķ˅m`sotsrloc gm`cptrgoc g zstst ptķ˅mng`c ķ˅m tcfml`g ķ˅mnoabgrll àm`rctsosl ulct¶ll ¶pl tatadgtgdc cmarig c`lcmt¶g; g`cptc ablc`tc pgs rltsrl ms pc p`flibgs ķ˅mpg dc og a xl og gotg; coc`rc¶ptcgs ocmt dlm zrg`tl`g pa`lgog/ ķ˅m`gr`gtc dc ulrtst¶l iargoc/ rcolnlagpc; coc egp`lmgs/

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cvcr`ltgs a zstcrc tcrlblog-

Dcucmlmd dlm `c ķ˅m `c’

igl grtg‟/ grtg ķ˅¶pl zlcrdcg g`cptc esm`t¶lsml/ `gzgtķ˅md smgot zrcptlnls/ zagtc igl ogtcmt dlm zsm`t dc ucdcrc pa`lgo/ dgr ķ˅m sotlig lmptgmt¶g dc

gpcicmcg eagrtc c`lcmt- &Smll egmtg¶ptl ‐ `g gnmcr pgs Pkrlgblm gs ulpgt giblt¶lapa rcucmlrc og’

tcizococ‟ dc grtg-, G rcesm`t¶lamgolxg ķ˅mpg grtg zc `gocg g`cgptg zrlmilhoag`coc osl @gnc pc zagtc eg`c `s sm zrct¶ nrcs ghsmnķ˅md og a gstarltgtc gbpaostg ggrtlptsosl/ `grc pc cvcr`ltg msigl gpszrg smsl ictrs zgtrgt; `rcgtarso `gzgtg a olbcrtgtcmcigrnlmltg/ `grc rlp`g ķ˅mpg g ms)l eaoapl og mlil`-

Smcoc dlm ķ˅m`cr`grloc ictgisxl`goc dc gxl ds` og rcxsotgtc lmergisxl`goc- Dlpzra)zart¶lg ķ˅mtrc lmtcmt¶lg zraògigtg ¶pl rcgolxgrc cptc flgnrgmtg- Zlcpg dc dsxlmg p`rlpg ķ˅m

g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc/ zagtc dsrg/ dc cvcizos/ trcl ilmstc/ lmd zrc`cdgtg dc trcl zgnlmldc cvzol`gt¶ll- Og eco ¶pl ķ˅m daicmlso grtcoar zogptl`c/ `˅ķtcug trgpgtsrl zc a z˅ķmxg mgp`sm cv`cp dc àicmtgrll dlm zgrtcg cvcnctsosl `grc pc ķ˅mnfcpslc ķ˅m ictrso zgtrgt gogstarsosl- @aizaxltarso dculmc gdcpcg `rltl / ķ˅m tliz `c `rltl`so àicmtgtar eg`c aazcrg dc `rcgt¶lc igl ķ˅mpcimgtg dc`˅ķt g gstarsosl- Zradspso isxl`go `grc gr trcbsl pg ceg`tarso zrli/ igtcrlg grtcl/ dculmc pc`smd `g ¶pl ķ˅m `gxso nrgcl isxl`goc- Lizartgmt¶gzrlm`lzlgog g smcl gpteco dc os`rgrl c igl igrc dc`˅ķt g`ccg grtlptl`g- Og mg¶ptcrcg ķ˅mpg¶pl

g smcl gpcicmcg os`rgrl/ zrcilxg cptc igl lizartgmtg dc`˅ķt ablc`tso mgp`st8 zlcpgisxl`gog dculmc sm cpcs/ ķ˅m `grc lzatcxg gpszrg isxl ll cptc igl lizartgmtg dc`ķ˅tķ˅mpg¶pl isxl`g- Zrcilxg pc rcgolxcgxg gdcpcg ķ˅mtr)a plmnsrg os`rgrc/ gstarso gbgmdamķ˅md)a dszg g`ccg; co ms cptc srigt dc mlicml/ smcarl ml`l ig`gr dc plmc ķ˅mps¶pl- L˅m gpcicmcgàmdlt¶lsml/ il¶p`grcg ķ˅mglmtc pc naoc¶ptc dc àmt¶lmst/ dculmc losxarlc/ ms pc igl zagtcmsil il¶p`grc-

Dgr g`cptc gpzc`tc lmergisxl`goc psmt pltsgt¶ll)oliltg ¶pl ms trcbslc pg lmds`g ķ˅m

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cragrc/ pgs pg dcxgricxc zc grtl¶ptl; `lmc pc tcic dc zgdsrc ms zagtc pg c zgdsrgr-

Dsboso pcmp go g`cptsl zra`cp cptc pzc`l` ķ˅mtr)a cza`g ķ˅m `grc tgocmtc gstcmtl`czat rcgoicmtc c¶psg/ ķ˅m tliz `c

’mcisxl`lcml‟ zat gds`c psncptll isxl`goc rcgoicmtc

zrct¶lagpc-

C nrcs dc pzsp `c c igl lizartgmt ¶pl `c c igl nrcs dc rcgolxgt zcmtrs isxl lgmgxl8 ptgrcg dc mglultgtc/ pgs g`ccg dc n˅ķmdlrc dcpzrc isxl g1 G n˅ķmdl isxl`g pgsdcpzrc isxl`g1 Pc ug pzsmc `g ilplsmcg grtlptsosl cptc g`ccg dc g n˅ķmdl grtg ¶pl msdcpzrc grtg- @rcd ķ˅mpg/ `g ķ˅m xlococ magptrc g zstcg n˅ķmdl dcpzrc grtg c sm zrct¶lapghstar zcmtrs n˅ķmdlrcg grtcl ķ˅mpg¶pl; ķ˅iblmgrcg g`cptar pltsgt¶ll zagtc ds`c og rcxsotgtcecrl`ltc; zgptrķ˅md/ pg xl`ci/ a gmsiltg dlptgmt¶g egt¶g dc isxl`g/ àizaxltarso zagtczgtrsmdc gd˅ķm` ķ˅m lmtliltgtcg cl- L˅m arl`c `gx/ zgrc mc`snctgt g gbpaostlxg zrazrlso tgsgtcolcr/ lizsmķ˅md gotarg n˅ķmdlrcg tg isxl`gog drczt ctgoamso n˅ķmdlrll àmtcizargmc-Dlizatrlug/ a icdltgrc ķ˅m àism g àizaxltarloar dcpzrc isxl`g zgrc blmcucmltg-

Aztlilpi

Og `gzgtso g`cptcl trc`crl ķ˅m rculptg/ ķ˅m egt¶g smsl tgboas gt˅ķt dc ugrlgt ¶pl àmtrgdl`)

tarls &gl`l àmtrgdl`t¶lg c og cg g`gpg,/ `ltltarso grc drcztso pg ķ˅mtrcbc8 `s `c pcmtlicmtzstci zrlul g`cgptg dcpeg¶psrgrc1

C a igrc nrc¶pcgog g `rcdc `g g`cptc blesr`gt¶ll/ àmtrgdl`t¶ll/ cv`cpc &`grarg zcr)pzc`tlug lptarl`g oc mctcxc¶ptc `ccg `c àmtcizargmloar ol p)g zgrst zrcg pt˅ķmàp,/ gs sm`grg`tcr zsr psblc`tlu- @ccg `c c psblc`tlu/ ķ˅m lptarlc `gzgtg mcgzgrgt a tcmtg ablc`)tlug/ ms)¶pl zagtc eg`c oa` dc`˅ķt zc bgxg smcl pltsgt¶ll ablc`tluc- G`l tcricmso dc ablc`tlupc gzol`g ms msigl gpszrg lptarlcl pa`lctgt¶ll &dcpeg¶psrgrloar dc ògpg ‐ ldcaoanl`c ¶pl

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cuaost¶lcl tcfml`ll,/ `l gpszrg grtcl ķ˅mpg¶pl/ `grc ķ˅¶pl grc ¶pl cg daicmlso zrazrls/ ablc`tlu/`s ocnloc pgoc lmtrlmpc`l- Igrv g grgtgt `g zaplbloltgtcg `rlxcoar ķ˅m pa`lctgtcg `gzltgolptgptg/ ķ˅mglmtc dc pa`lctgtcg `gzltgolptg/ ķ˅m mgtsrg ķ˅mpg¶pl g bgmloar- L˅m dcpeg¶psrgrcg g`cp)tsl grtlào gi `gstgt pg grgtgi `grg`tcrso ablc`tlu grtlptl` go g`cptar àmtrgdl`t¶ll ¶pl

blesr`gt¶ll-

@flgr dg`g g`cptc igmlecptgrl zagrtg zc`ctcg psblc`tlug g smcl zcrpamgoltgt¶l/ `s)oagrcg smsl oa`/ àmdlt¶lg smsl iaicmt lptarl`/ coc rczrcxlmtg tatadgtg dcxuaotgrcg smclzaplbloltgt¶l lmtcrlagrc g grtcl isxl`goc/ rgpzsmpso og a zrabocig lmtrlmpc`g isxl`ll/ rc)flc`tgrcg c `flgr mcarngml`g g smsl zra`cp arngml`/ àrcpzsmd smcl pltsgt¶ll rcgoc og`grc g ghsmp grtg-

Dc g`ccg/ ms zstci dc`ķ˅t aztlil¶ptl- Trcbslc ķ˅mpg pg hsptl`gi g`cpt aztlilpi/ķ˅mgriķ˅mds)o `s igvlisi dc bgxg ablc`tlug/ ògdlmds)o zc `ccg `c cvlptg ķ˅m rcgoltgtcggrtcl-

P¶tli ķ˅m olmll eagrtc ncmcrgoc ķ˅màtra pc ķ˅mdrcgztg grtg isxl`gog/ ¶pl ķ˅màtra gi urcg pgpc ķ˅mdrcztc8 pzrc a masg c`lcmt¶g/ pzrc a masg zocmltsdlmc g esm`t¶lloar cl- L˅mt¶cocnci zrlmg`cgptg ms msigl a plmtcxg g zgrgictrloar &dcpzrc `grc gi uarblt icrcs/ ķ˅m grtlàosomaptrs,/ a masg psbptgmt¶lgolxgrc g cl/ dgr ¶pl a zocmltsdlmc g esm`t¶lloar cl pa`lgoc/ a masg

smlrc g gpzc`tsosl nmapcaoanl` `s ha`so/ g dcpegtgrll `s cds`gt¶lg iargog-Dgr `si pc ug ķ˅mt˅ķizog àm`rct g`cgptg/ ms ¶ptli- Drsiso pc ug ngpl dc `gtrc

agicml ¶pl ug trc`c zrlm agicml- Pe˅ķmtg n˅ķmdlrc ¶pl pzlrltso `rcgtar aicmcp` uar dc`ldcdcpeg¶psrgrcg àm`rctg8 zrg`tl`g ug azcrg ķ˅ibangt¶lmd isxl`g `s gpzc`tc mal/ rcmsmt¶˅ķmdgotcarl brstgo og gotcoc- Plizol`grcg ķ˅m grtg pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog smcarl ms ķ˅m ucdcrcg gmgolxcl/`l zcmtrs a masg plmtcxg &P¶àgog faiaeamg dc og Igmmfcli/ dszg àmtrgzsm`tl¶ptl/dc cvcizos,- Lptarlg isxl`ll dc`srnc/ `g ķ˅mtatdcgsmg/ ķ˅mtr)a ķ˅izoctlrc lmcvargblog g

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àmdlt¶lsmloar pa`lgo)lptarl`c `s dcxuaotgrcg lmtcrmg g grtcl- Ugoso dc ķ˅m`cr`grl isxl`gocàrcpzsmdc smcl cza`l ķ˅m `grc isxl`g ķ˅¶pl ucrl`g esm`t¶lsmloc ¶pl pc guķ˅mtg smcarl ķ˅mglmtc/zagtc mc`snctgt- Tagtc g`cptc eart¶grl goc arngml`ltgt¶ll ķ˅¶pl gs arngml`ltgtcg oar/ bg ¶pl augoagrc/ zc `grc ms a zstci gzrc`lg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg `s dcptsog plnsrgmt¶g-

Cv`cpso dc n˅ķmdlrc dcpzrc isxl`g ms ķ˅mpcgimg `g isxl`g g tcrilmgt `s egxg clmglug; peķ˅r¶pltso mglultgt¶ll gr ķ˅mpcimg pe˅ķr¶pltso grtcl isxl`goc ¶pl mal ms `rcdci ķ˅m g`cptpe˅ķr¶plt- P)g pe˅ķr¶plt zagtc a cza`g/ a gmsiltg iadgoltgtc- Nrc¶pcp` `cl `grc `rcd `g isxl`gg isrlt/ lmd`g ms igl `rcd ķ˅m cg/ ķ˅m ilhoag`coc/ ķ˅m esm`t¶lsmloc cl/ lmd`g

’ms pc igl

zagtc eg`c mlil` mas‟/ lmd`g uar p)a ķ˅mtagr`g og trc`st/ àmpldcr˅ķmd zrcxcmtso iart-

L˅m dcxuaotgrcg lptarl g cvlptg a gmsiltg gstcmtl ltgtc; ms msigl ulmso `co bsm

cptc g`cog `grc zratg dc ecricmtgt¶lg mgtsrgog `l/ `s gt˅ķt igl isot/ ¶pl grtg- Trcbslcpg ķ˅mt¶cocnci blmc g`cgptg/ egrg g dg zrc`gdcrc ml`l olbcrtlmghsosl ilptl`gtar/ ml`làdl`grloar rlnldc psblc`tluc `grc ķ˅o ķ˅mptrglmcgxg zc grtlpt dc ulgt¶g/ dc grtg ¶pl dc plmcķ˅mps¶pl &eg`ķ˅mds)o pg lmtrc ķ˅mtr)sm plm`cr/ dgr trgnl` ha` go mcplm`crltgt¶loar,-

Paost¶lg/ `g ¶pl)m lptarlc/ ug `cg isot g¶ptcztgtg/ dgr psrzrlmxgtagrc/ `g aso osl @a)osib/ zrlm culdcmt¶g ¶pl plizoltgtcg cl/ tat g¶pg `si mc)g dczrlmp `s psrzrlxcoc g`cpt pcàoVV/ ķ˅m `grc cucmlicmtcoc ms colilmg dceco mcg¶ptcztgtso- L˅mtr)a cza`g `s zramsmt¶gtc

gpzc`tc dc ’grp maug‟ `g `cg g magptrg/ icrpso ķ˅mglmtc ķ˅¶pl grc sm rapt lmàmtcptgblo- Ta)ts¶pl/ lptarlg grtcl ms pc dcpeg¶pagrg zrlmtr)a ķ˅mglmtgrc rc`tlolmlc; gr eagrtc zol`tlpltagrcdg`g os`rsrloc gr ptg ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg; lptarlg ms cptc sm plizos earisogr zc `grc agicmllķ˅o àizoctcgxg- Zc bgxg isotar `rltcrll/ ķ˅mtrc `grc `co ugoarl` cptc `co igl lizartgmt/lptarlg isxl`ll ķ˅¶pl rcxcrug drcztso dc g àrc`tg isotc gzrc`lcrl goc àmtcizargmloar-Hsmlicg csrazcgmg igmlecptg/ pzrc cvcizos/ sm cmtsxlgpi cvgncrgt ‐ pzrc hsigtgtcgpcàososl VLV ‐ zcmtrs Bcrolax/ mcnolhķ˅md ķ˅mpg zc sm P`fsbcrt pgs P`fsigmm; gxl pc

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zctrc`c egt¶g dc g`cgptg mcdrcztgtcg àmtrgrlc-Ms guci dc `c mc tcic dc ulltarso isxl`ll- Darli p g `smag¶ptci tat- G¶ptcztgi `s

bs`srlc ¶pl `srlaxltgtc ķ˅megztslrloc ulltagrc goc g`cptcl grtc ¶pl zgrtl`lzgi og coc `s cogm`rcgtar-

Gocncrcg pgs lmdlecrcmt¶g psmt s¶pagrc zcmtrs `cl pgrg`l ķ˅m `smag¶ptcrc pgs bangt¶l ķ˅mzrchsdc`gt¶l mceamdgtc-

G ¶ptl `˅ķt igl isot ¶pl g gucg tgrlg pcoc`t¶lcl/ eart¶g dc g ms lmdlecrcmt/ zstcrcg dc gms cxltg dszg g`ccg/ g`cgptg zgrc igl ķ˅mt¶coczt ¶pl ķ˅m `coc dlm srig/ igl eaoapltar zcmtrsisxl`g/ igl sigm-

MGTSRG P¶L @SOTSRGL˅M ZCR@CZT¶ LG ISXL@GOG 0

A dgtg `s lxnamlrcg dlm zgrgdlp/ aiso g eapt àmdgimgt pg dculmg ptgzķ˅mso mgtsrll-Zc igpsrg `c arlxamtso pgs pc ogrncg lgr brgt¶so pgs pc zrcosmncg zrlm lmptrsicmtc/ `flgrg`cgptg zrcosmnlrc ķ˅o ķ˅mdczgrtg tat igl isot dc mgtsrg lgr g`cgptg rgigpc ablc`tso

maptgonlcl pgoc-˅Lm`g igl `lsdgt8 smcotcoc ¶pl `gtcnarlloc `grc ķ˅o ghstgs pg ķ˅mt¶cocgng ¶pl pglmtrc ķ˅m zapcplsmcg mgtsrll dcucmcgs coc ķ˅mpcoc mgtsrg/

’g dasg mgtsrg‟-

Nrgmlt¶coc dlmtrc ai ¶pl mgtsrg &’

ķ˅mt˅ķlg mgtsrg‟ ‐ ¶pl `lmc igl ¶ptlc ķ˅m`g oliltcoc cl1, gseapt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg il¶p`gtagrc; cptc nrcs dc pzsp smdc pc tcrilmg mgtsrg ¶pl smdc ķ˅m`czc`sotsrg- Zcmtrs aiso zrliltlu 2+294 ķ˅mpcimg `sotsrg/ zcmtrs aiso lptarlcl g`cgptg cmgtsrg-

0-’

Isxl g‟/ 2/ 7<<6-

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Mgtsrg psmctsosl g eapt dcpàzcrltg t˅ķrxls/ dc `gtrc Z|tfgnarg zrabgblo; eart¶coc ig)nl`c goc isxl`ll crgs stlolxgtc dc isot- Z|tfgnarg g `go`sogt zc iamaàrd zrazart¶lloc`grc ncmcrcgxg lmtcrugococ/ `rc˅ķmd gpteco `gdrso ķ˅m `grc a`tgug c`flugocgxg smlpamso-G`cgptg `cr`ctgrc g eapt `sotsrg/ sotcrlar cg g dcucmlt mgtsrg; gptgxl/ isxl`g msiltg

pzc`trgog/ rcucmlmd og mgtsrg/ gzcocgxg og griaml`coc mgtsrgoc stlolx˅ķmd tcfml`l paptl)`gtc-

Ucmlmd ķ˅m ķ˅mt˅ķizlmgrcg dgtcoar mgtsrgoc/ aiso oc)g àrlhgt zcmtrs g oc gàrdg og malocnrloc psrucmltc ķ˅m lptarlg isxl`ll- L˅m ecoso g`cptg p)g ghsmp og p`grg lmtcrugocoar tcizc)rgtc- Pg mc n˅ķmdli a òlzg og srlg¶pso ceart isxl`go `grc g dsp og `rlptgolxgrcg ngicldlgtaml`c fcztgtaml`c- P)g ghsmp agrc zrlm gdgsnlrl ps``cpluc og aolnaàrdlloc dlgtaml`c

&trcl psmctc/ gzal zgtrs/ dszg g`ccg zcmtgtamll ct`-, pgs zagtc zrlm ķ˅mogmt¶slrcg &˅ķm’

ragtg‟, g tctrgàrdsrloar1 Arl`si/ cuaost¶lg g eapt cvtrgardlmgrg- Dszg `c g eapt ptg)bloltg ¶pl eaoapltg icoadl` pgs ķ˅m zaoleamlc/ g`cgptg ngig g eapt

’pzgrtg‟ zrlm iadsogt¶lg

og ùlmtg pszcrlagrg- Gs eapt lmucmtgtc ulrtsgo `coc 72 tamgoltgt¶l zaplbloc- Gl`l g lmtcr)ucmlt mcualg dc g

’àrlhg‟ mgtsrg/ mc`cpltgtcg smsl gàrdgh tcizcrgt go ògulgtsrloar-

Goglm Dgmlcoas pspt¶lmc `g plptciso tcizcrgt àmtrgxl`c mgtsrg; lmtcrugococ tcizcrgtcgr grtl`lgoc; coc dculm dlptgmt¶c nrapaogmc ķ˅mtrc psmctc/ olzpltc dc ctfapso zc `grc ķ˅o

zstcgs cvzrlig &dc cvcizos, iadsrloc lmdlcmc- Dszg Dgmlcoas ògpl`lpiso csrazcgmgr eapt ògdlt zc mlplz- Pg mc gilmtli ķ˅mpg `g zc g`cpt mlplz gs ògdlt Bg`f/ Iaxgrt/Bcctfaucm-

@c g eapt dc egzt’

ghsptgrcg‟ psmctcoar1 Gtsm`l `˅ķmd ptrs`tsrg `lr`sogrg g pzgt¶lsosltamgo g dcucmlt ògrg/ `˅ķmd dgtarltg cmgriamlcl c`grc psmct g zstst eg`c zgrtc dlm arl`ctamgoltgtc/ g psrucmlt mc`cpltgtcg psmctcoar tcizcrgtc- H- P- Bg`f/ gstarso

’@oguc`lmsosl

blmc tcizcrgt‟/ ķ˅¶pl igl gàrdg òguc`lmso ķ˅m esm`t¶lsmc dc tamgoltgtcg `grc ķ˅l crg mc`cpgrg

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zcmtrs a àizaxlt¶lc dgtg &dc¶pl n˅ķmdlrcg pg isxl`gog àm`czcg sm plptci tatgo tcizcrgt;tcarctl` uarblmd pcrlgolpiso dadc`geaml` gr zstst lmucmtgt `flgr gtsm`l,-

G eapt dc`l mcualc dc a il`g ķ˅mdczgrtgrc dc og mgtsrg/ sm igrsmt àizrailp/zcmtrs g ķ˅mngdsl rcgolxgrcg g`cptsl mas àm`czt; pc eg`cg g`cgptg ķ˅m msicoc smcl mal`sotsrl `grc rgiķ˅mcg ķ˅m`g

’dcptso dc mgtsrgog‟ ¶pl `grc ug dcucml cg ķ˅mpg¶pl a g dasg

mgtsrg-

Bgxcoc mgtsrgoc goc plptcisosl tamgo uar dcucml ķ˅m`g igl cvzol`ltc ķ˅m g dasg hsigtgtcg pcàososl VV/ dszg

’iagrtcg‟ tamgoltgt¶ll- Bangt¶lg dc cvzrcplc g tamgoltgt¶ll ms dc)

rlug dagr dlm `grg`tcrso mgtsrgo go psmctsosl `s griaml`coc osl gzrazlgtc `grc ķ˅mocpmcp`àmpamgmtcoc- Cptc uarbg gl`l ¶pl dc a gmsiltg mgtsrgoltgtc g zcr`czt ¶lcl/ g ķ˅mt ¶cocncrll

isxl`goc - Cg cptc eamdgtg zc àizartgrcg gmpgibolptg g p`grloar isxl`goc/ c coc ia)dsrl pgs tamgoltgt¶l- Rc`smag¶ptcrcg `grg`tcrsosl oar dc isot¶lil ms pc dgtarcgxg `stgrslàizaxltar pgs tcarctl`lgm; gsxso isxl`go àism ldcmtl`g gzgrtcmcmt¶g smsl psmct ogsm iad &dc cvcizos gzgrtcmcmt¶g osl pao og da ighar , pgs lmòsxlsmcg smsl iad ķ˅m gotiad &dc cvcizos eg/ og/ da lmòsp ķ˅m da ighar ,- Gsxso àism rc`smag¶ptc `g gtgrc rcs)mlsmloc ¶pl lmtcrpc`t¶lloc iadsrloar/ àizocicmtgrltgtcg oar ct`- Dcplnsr/ zcr`czt¶lg zagtc zc dczolm àm¶ptlcmtg/ àmrigtg zrlm gmgolxg/ dgr zagtc ¶pl psbolilmgog/ cvzrligtg

zrlm dg pgs ms / zrlm ķ˅il zog`c pgs ms)il zog`c &og eco `si ‐ zrlulmd ml¶ptc ablc`tc‐ zstci pzsmc8 g`cptg cptc igl igrc dc`˅ķt `co˖ gogot dgr zstci cvzrlig g`cog¶pl os`rszrlm `gmtltgt¶l igl zrc`lpc,- Cptc uarbg zrlm srigrc dc mgtsrgoltgtcg azcrgt ¶lsmloar `sisot¶lil dc psmctc-

L˅mtagr`crcg og mgtsrg cptc gdcpcg ķ˅mpat¶ltg dc a tcmdlmt¶g pzrc plizol`grc- Masoolibgh tamgo g ķ˅moa`slt cv`cpcoc uc`floar zaoleamll dcucmltc flzcrtra`c; ¶pàgog dc ogIgmmfcli `grc g zrc`cdgt ògpl`lpiso ulcmcx g eapt ¶pl cg a masg plizol`grc &bg)

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pso `lergt lc¶pl dlm sx,; ilmligolpiso dszg igmlcrlpiso pcrlgo/ cptc ¶pl co a plizol`grcmc`cpgrg/ sm eco dc as go osl @aosib-

A masg àizocvltgtc rczrcxlmtg gdcpcg plizol)`grcg smsl gpzc`t `grc zcriltcàizol`grcg gotsl gpzc`t; Fg|dm cptc igl plizos dc`˅ķt H- P- Bg`f dlm zsm`t dc uc)

dcrc zaoleaml`/ dgr lmgsnsrcgxg a masg àizocvltgtc ķ˅m griamlc ¶pl ķ˅m earig isxl`gog;ķ˅m pamgtcoc dc igtsrltgtc Bcctfaucm rcds`c msigrso tcicoar zcmtrs g àizol`g zog)mso griaml`- @aizocvltgtcg smcl isxl`l ms ptg ķ˅m `gmtltgtcg dc psmctc `l ķ˅m bangt¶lgrcogt¶lloar cl lmtcrmc-

L˅m gmll “3: ¶pl “5: gl pcàososl VV a icmtgoltgtc zpcsda)zranrcplptg g eg`st rgugnllķ˅m r˅ķmdsrloc gugmngrdcl8 pc darcg gugmpgrcg ptrl`tg/ ķ˅m pcmpso igtcigtl` ¶pl iloltgr gotcricmsosl; c`grc azcrg masg trcbslc pg gugmpcxc ķ˅m tat¶l zgrgictrll cl; pc zrcpszsmcg`g isxl`g ulltarsosl ug icrcs igl `raigtl`g ¶pl ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc il`rataml`g-

Gptgxl gr nrcs pg àmpldcrl a isxl`g `raigtl`g zrlm `flgr g`cgptg igl àizocvgdc`˅ķt a isxl`g dlgtaml`g; ms p)gr zstcg pzsmc `g azcrg

’Trlptgm‟ cptc igl àizocvg

dc`˅ķt’

Zgrplego‟ lmd`g cptc igl `raigtl`g- Rcogt¶lloc lmtcrmc ķ˅m c`grc dlm g`cptc tlzsrldc isxl`g pgs rcogt¶lloc dlmtrc dlgtamlc ¶pl `raigtlpi/ coc psmt igl lizartgmtc' L˅mtr)azcrpzc`tlug zaptiadcrmg zrc`sizgmcp` gpzc`tcoc dc rcogt ¶lc ¶pl dc azcrgt ¶lsmc ; g`cptcg

dctcrilmg àizocvltgtcg-Cptc ulxgtg cocicmtgrltgtcg ms zcmtrs g pgrg`l isxl`g/ `l ķ˅m `gstgrcg smcl mal

àizocvltgt¶l- Rc`szcrgrcg àmpamgmt¶cl ¶pl g dlgtamlcl ms cptc a ķ˅mtagr`crc ķ˅mgzal; gzcosoog mgtsrg ug trcbsl pg ncmcrcxc nrgigtl`l mal-

L˅m isxl`g csrazcgmg g sotliloar 73: dc gml pc zat dlptlmnc dasg dlrc`t¶ll8 a ol)mlc tamgo)pcrlgog ¶pl smg tamgo)iadgog- L˅m isxl`g osl Olpxt g`cptc dasg dlrc`t¶lsml ķ˅¶plngpcp` smso dlm zsm`tcoc oar dc àmflscmt¶g- Dadc`geamlpiso pcrlgo cptc a rcg`t¶lsmc ¶pl

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ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz a àmtlmsgrc g tamgolpisosl- Brgfip/ gnmcr/ P`f¦ambcrn/ ^cbcrm/lgtg `˅ķtcug ptgt¶lsml ķ˅m g`cgptg olmlc `grc g eapt tcarctlxgtg/ àicmtgtg/ zrcdgtg ķ˅m ¶pàol-Rczrcxcmtgmt¶ll cl crgs dczolm àm¶ptlcmt¶l dc arlcmtgrcg oar; t˅ķmgrsosl Pglmt)Pg¦cmp `grc lp)g zrcxcmtgt `g ¶pl

’

àizaxltar ergm`cx‟/ Brgfip l)gr rczol`gt8

’

g`cgptg ms cvlptg‟-

@cgogotg olmlc cptc igl dlesxg ¶pl g eapt isot igl zst¶lm tcarctlxgtg; cptc gzgrcmt iglnrcs pg dcmc¶ptl `c ocgng grtl¶ptl gtķ˅t dc dlecrlt¶l/ zrc`si Ispparnpkl/ Dcbspp|/ Pkrlgblm/Hgmgˎck/ Bgrtak/ Cmcp`s/ Ugrjcpc/ Icpplgcm- Og g`c¶ptlg dlm srig pzamtgmcltgtcg zgrc`g c igl zstcrml`g dc`˅ķt ogtsrg lmtcoc`tsgog; tcfml`g oar zgrc nrcs gmgolxgblog/ iglzst¶lm gztg zcmtrs g zrcosgtg pgs zrcdgtg-

Ptsdlloc ķ˅mtrczrlmpc ķ˅m sotlicoc dc`cmll gpszrg os`rgrloar dc tlmcrct¶c goc osl P`f¦am)

bcrn/ Ptrgulmpkl/ ^cbcrm gs zsp ķ˅m osilmg rcnsogrltgt¶l gotgdgtg mcbgmsltc- Rcxsotgtcoctrlilt og mgtsrg zcr`czt¶lcl isxl`goc; coc psmt ocngtc dc àizartgicmtso `g isot¶lil gop`grloar dc psmctc- Gsxso isxl`go àism zcr`czc ķ˅m iad mgtsrgo azcrgt¶lsmloc gmpgi)bolptc goc iadsrloar &p`grl isxl`goc, ¶pl g`cptc azcrgt¶lsml esm`t¶lamcgxg ķ˅m tagtc isxl`loc8tamgog ¶pl gtamgog/ iadgog ¶pl pcrlgog- Gzgrt¶lmķ˅md zcr`czt¶lcl lmtcoc`tluc isxl`goc ķ˅m ncmc)rgo/ coc ms psmt pzc`l`c zcmtrs urcsmg dlmtrc g`cptc isxl`l; psmt tats¶pl igl culdcmtcķ˅m isxl`loc iadgoc/ `g`l g`cptc isot¶lil)p`grl &zlt`f ògpp pctp , psmt iadsrl-

Tatgoso `raigtl` zgrcg g`si zgtrsxc`l dc gml sm eco dc isot¶lic giareg ¶pl psbcua)osgtg ķ˅m àizgrgt¶lc `s zraogtcoc pcrll dadc`geaml`c- Gptgxl zcrpzc`tlug c ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlicp`flibgtg- @g isot¶lic dc rcecrlmt¶g/ tatgoso `raigtl` lmòsdc tagtc iadsrloc; isot¶licgzgrt¶loar osl cptc ¶pl isot¶licg tstsrar iadsrloar; pltsgt¶lsmcg dculmc isot igl àizocvgdg`g t¶lmci pcgig dc lmtcrugoc8 iadsrloc dc psmctc `grc gs g`cocg¶pl ptrs`tsrl lmtcrug)ol`c gzgrt¶lm smar ògpc dlptlm`tc; dc cvcizos8 c`grc dlmtrc `coc 72 tamgoltgt¶l igharcgzgrt¶lmc ògpcl `s ptrs`tsrg &2/2/7/2/2/2/7,- Tatgoso `raigtl` dculmc gpteco a ec`smdg

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bgxg dc os`rs-

Ugxstc dlm g`cgptg zcrpzc`tlug pcrlloc dadc`geaml`c zgocp`8 rcsmlsmcg ¶pl lmtcrpc`t¶lgg dasg pcrll agrc`grc uar ķ˅mtatdcgsmg `coc 72 psmctc; dlecrcmt¶g oar ‐ ķ˅mtadcgsmguldg; a trgmpzaxlt¶lc g pcrlcl ‐ icrcs `coc 72 psmctc- Dlizatrlug/ trgmpzaxlt¶lloc smcl

p`grl tamgoc ncmcrcgxg gotc ¶pgztc psmctc; rcsmlsmcg g dasg tamgoltgt¶l àmds`c og smmsigr ugrlgblo dc mal cocicmtc; gpteco lmtcrpc`t¶lg oar cptc ugrlgblog8 tamgoltgt¶loc

’igl

gzrazlgtc‟ gs sm msigr dc cocicmtc àismc igl igrc- @˅ķmd cbcrm os`rcgxg `strampagmc dc pcrlc/ rcsmlsmloc ¶pl lmtcrpc`t¶lloc oar esm`t¶lamcgxg `g iadsrl &zlt`f ògpppctp,-

Igrll grtl¶ptl dlm’

`cgogotg‟ olmlc gucgs zrazrlloc oar ilhoag`c tcfml`c zrc`lpc &Pkrl)gblm8

’og ilmc c`grc matg pc pszsmc rcnsoll‟/ Rguco8

’cs gi a ictadg plizog dc g

àizsmc/ dgr ms a dluson/ `g`l tagtg osicg gr àizsmc s¶par ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg‟,- Dgrcl uarbcgs zst¶lm; zgptrgrcg pc`rctsosl dc gtcolcr ms zstcg plmnsrg rgt¶lsmc g tg`crllg`cptclg; zagtc zrcpszspg ¶pl a agrc`grc mcplnsrgmt¶g/ dgt lmd `g g`cptc ictadc crgsdczgrtc dc `ccg `c pc zstcg ķ˅mugt¶g ķ˅m àmpcrugtagrc8 coc psmt ilhoag`c eaoapltc gd)fa`;zratgnaml¶ptll ms gucgs pcmtlicmtso `g gzgrt¶lm smcl ¶pàol pgs smsl nrsz8 plmnsrgtgtcgcrg ptgrcg oar tstcogrg-

˅Lm lxaogrcg oar/ cl gs tgtamgt gdcpcg g`cocg¶pl drsisrl ¶pl gs ngplt paost¶ll gmgoanc;og Ispparnpkl ¶pl Bgrtak/ dc cvcizos/ pc abpcrug tcmdlmt¶g dc g zaogrlxg dlgtamlg ¶pl

`raigtlpiso- Rgiķ˅l ilrgt pg ngpc¶ptl dc og sm `glct og gotso go’

Il`raàpiapsosl‟ oslBgrtak a àmpcùcmt¶g cvtrgardlmgrg ¶pl a g`sltgtc cv`czt¶lamgog ķ˅m `rlptgolxgrcg ilhoag)`coar; azaxlt¶lg dlgtamlc)`raigtlpi cptc gl`l igl trgm¶pgmtg dc`˅ķt arlsmdc gotsmdcug-

G`cptc mal ldcl gzgr ķ˅mtr)sm tliz `˅ķmd taìgl pc plitc mcualg oar; ķ˅m zcrlagdg zapt)iadcrmg ms cvlptg sm olibgh dailmgmt; àizgtlbloltgtcg dlecrltcoar olibghc isxl`goc

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`grc zgrcgs gotgdgtg cvòsplulptc/ zcriltc aiancmlxgrcg oar dgtarltg ocnloar trgmpptl)olptl`c zspc ķ˅m culdcmt¶g `gtrc peķ˅r¶pltso pcàososl VV-

Ulxlsmcg magptrg dc gxl gpszrg grtcl isxl`ll ms zagtc cvòsplulpt g; cg cptc lmtc)nrgtagrc ¶pl àm¶ptllmt¶g `grg`tcrsosl mgtsrgo go g`cptar ocnl ms zagtc dc`ķ˅t ķ˅mtgrl g`cgptg

ulxlsmc-

ZCRCM P¶L CECICR 4

Grtg cptc a igmlecptgrc g mgxslmt¶cl aisosl `gtrc pszrgulct¶slrc; pzrc dcapcblrc dcesonso dc xgzgdg pgs pzl`so dc nr˅ķs/ aiso urcg pg ogpc a d˅ķrg igl zstcrml`g ¶pl pg

ķ˅m`gr`c iciarlg smlucrpsosl `s `cug- @lmc ucdc igl ķ˅mt˅ķl 73: dc zgrtltsrl dc isxl`gàmtcizargmg ¶pl gzal zart¶loc blpcrl`ll

’Peķ˅mtso Xcma‟ dlm Ucramg ķ˅mt¶cocnc `g cvòsxķ˅md

mat¶lsmcg dc uc¶pml`lc/ grtg ms igl grc rgt¶lsmc dc cvlptcmt¶g- Dgr tatadgtg/ lmd`g grtgcptc dc àmtcizogt/ cg ms zagtc cultg cecicrso; `g`l ‐ `co `c a àmtcizog cptc cecicr&¶pl `si pzsmcg Daptalcupkl/ gt˅ķtg tliz `˅ķt igl cvlptg sm àzlo mcecrl`lt zc osic ct`-ct`----,

L˅m grtg zcrcmso ¶pl cecicrso pc ķ˅mtgrcp`/ pc cvzrlig &ugl' dlgoc`tl`, smso zc &zrlm,

`cogogot- A earisog dc igtcigtl`g ms zagtc msiltg zcrcmg/ lmd`g cptc gegrg dlmtliz ¶pl lptarlc; dc gpcicml ¶pl sm ablc`t dc `sot rcolnlap- L˅mpg sm ablc`t dc grtg trcbslc pgmc gds`g icrcs bs`srll mal/ pg dcg icrcs lmearigt¶lc masg &`si pzsm lmearigtl`lcmll,/pg mstrcgp`g ptgrloc magptrc cecicrc/ lmd`g mgxslmt¶g pzrc uc¶pml`lc g aisosl pc ķ˅mp`rlc¶pl cg ķ˅m cecicr-

4- L˅m igmsp`rlp- Egrg dgtg-

G

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Gtsm`l `˅ķmd c uarbg dcpzrc uc¶pml`lc ķ˅m grtg/ pg ms sltgi `g ualmt¶g dc pszrgulct¶slrczrlm grtg pc igmlecptg ms gt˅ķt zrlm ldccg dc uc¶pml`lc `g gtgrc/ `˅ķt zrlm darlmt¶g `gicpghso pg pc trgmpiltg zcptc tliz- Grtlptso gr dczsmc igmsp`rlpso pgs ķ˅mtr)sm oa``grc pg)l dcg plnsrgmt¶g `g ug dcxnrazgt zcptc pstc dc gml; aiso pc iķ˅mn˅ķlc og ldccg `g

azcrg pg ug rcxlptg tlizsosl; `g icpghso ķ˅m earig `grc)o ķ˅màrzarcgxg/ ug lmtcolnlblozcptc isotg urcic- C sm rcnrct licmp egztso `g z˅ķmxcoc osl Rcibrgmdt p)gs ķ˅mtsmc`gtdlm `gsxg lizcrec`t¶lsmll `flil`c g `soarloar- Tagtc ucptlnlloc grtlptl`c ig`lmgtc pgsucfcicmt dlptrspc dc tliz/ ķ˅màrzarcgxg ķ˅m coc a ciat¶lc ķ˅m zosp/ g uc¶pml`lcl/ zrlm ķ˅mpg¶plrgmloc ogpgtc dc cecicr-

Grtl¶ptll `grc zraògig cecicrso/ trcbslc gmgolxgt¶l zcmtrs g psrzrlmdc uc¶pml`lg `grcdg rcxamgmt¶g pzamtgmcltgt¶ll oar- P¶l dlizatrlug/ `cl `grc uar pg `go`c drczt ķ˅m uc¶pml`lc/

trcbslc pcucr àmtraogt¶l dlm smnflso cecicrsosl; `g`l uc¶pml`lg cptc cecicrso gdsp ogzstcrcg àmtlmssosl-

Zacxlg osl Lam Bgrbs mc zog`c dgtarltg ulaocmtcl `la`mlrl dlmtrc uc¶pml` ¶pl cecicr;gbptrg`t¶lsmcg p`gzgrg ķ˅m àoarltso oa`go dc `cg igl lmtcmpg ¶pl cecicrg pcmpsgoltgtc; ¶pldg`g c dc ķ˅mugt¶gt dlm Lam Bgrbs/ ¶pl dg`g mc hcmcgxg `cug ķ˅m grtg osl/ ms c agrc igrcg osllmtcolncmt¶g grtlptl`g ķ˅m pszrgucnfcrcg g`cptsl zra`cp &lmtcolncmt¶g/ dlm ecrl`lrc sibrltgdc `gmdagrcg osl,1

Lizrcplaml¶ptll pc zsmcgs psb p`stso cecicrsosl/ cl ualgs pg vcxc osilmg &¶pl’

gt)iapecrg‟, smsl iaicmt go xlocl; dgr egztso `g pzgrncgs `s t˅ķrmgàzso zcrct¶ll smsl gtcolcrg`gdcil` zrcg psea`gmt ms l)g p`stlt dc rcpzc`tso zcmtrs uc¶pml`lc- G`cgptg nrlhg/ dc)ucmltg culdcmtg gblg ķ˅m zaptcrltgtc/ l p)g zgrst lmps`lcmtg osl @cxgmmc `grc g urst pgeg`g sm

’lizrcplamlpi zcmtrs isxcs‟/ gzoc`˅ķmd gpteco bgogmt¶g ķ˅m zgrtcg `cgogotg-

Og pe˅ķr¶pltso ulct¶ll pgoc/ Iamct zl`tg’

Ocp M|izfcgp‟ ķ˅m `grc pc gzrazlc dc uc¶pml`lc

l t l l l d o t o h o o l t l l o t˖

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zrlmtr)sm lizrcplamlpi dsp og cvtrci; co ghsmnc og zrgnso smcl grtc ilmligoc/ grt gdc gisrn/ `grc cua`g ķ˅m`czstsrloc osill ¶pl tatadgtg pszartg ķ˅m`gr`gtsrg g ilolagmc dclignlml &cecicrc, zc rctlmg; mgluso `grc gr ual pg

’sml`c‟ `soagrcg gzgrcmt iamatamg

g z˅ķmxcl osl Iamct ķ˅mtr)sm iau smleari/ gr eg`c g`co sotli zgp zc `grc grtlptso ms

¶pl)o zcriltc ml`ladgtg ¶pl `grc dlptrsnc grtg a dgtg `s cecicrso/ tat g¶pg `si s`ldcrcgflarcl dc il`raarngmlpic ptcrlolxcgxg arngmlpiso ķ˅m `grc ulgt¶g pc icmt¶lmc ¶pl cvzoadcgxgecrl`ltg og igrnlmcg iart¶ll-

Ha|`c/ Bstar psrzrlmd uc¶pml`lg ķ˅m cecicr- Pg ms mc ogpgi ķ˅m¶pcogt¶l dc à`fctgrlg `scecicrso g iadcrml¶ptloar/ ualmt¶g dc pszrgulct¶slrc c zrcxcmtg- Zc dc gotg zgrtc/ pg ipcucrl; grtg ms zagtc dc`˅ķt zcrcmg-

P`soztarso Brg˅m`s¶pl g ptlisogt gtlmncrcg zrgnsosl uc¶pml`lcl zrlm plizol`grc cv)

trcig/ rcmsmt¶grc og dctgoll/ ¶poceslrc sml`gtagrc; dgr azcrcoc osl psmt gpa`lgtc ldcll dczcrec`t¶lamgrc rgbdgtagrc/ gdl`g g oaultsrloar dc dgotg egrg msigr; co grc ķ˅m pzgtc ailngog ilocmgrg-

Grtlptso ķ˅¶pl zagtc zcriltc pg ogpc os`rsrloc og ķ˅mt˅ķizogrc/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd grc ķ˅m srigpg a igrc isot¶lic dc rcecrlmt¶c; r˅ķxl gtsm`l `˅ķmd @fgroat ķ˅m`czc sm ncpt/ lmd`g xc`l dcill dc ncptsrl gmtcrlagrc goc pgoc `rcgpcrg a osic-

L˅MTRCN P¶L DCTGOLL 3

&Ceart ¶pl rcgolxgrc; Ocpplmn)pàz)pzrc pàz,

Earig ¶pl dctgoll ‐ lgtg dal zaol gl smcl azcrc dc grtg- Earig ptr˅ķmnc azcrg ķ˅mtr)sm

3- L˅m igmsp`rlp- Egrg dgtg-

˅ t d t ollo l˅ d l t˖ e ˖ l e t l t˖ d t ollo t le

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ķmtrcn/ dctgolloc ķl dgs ulgt¶g/ a eg` pg rcpzlrc; earig c `cmtrlzctg/ dctgolloc ‐ `cmtrlesnc-L˅m arngmlpicoc grtlptl`c zcrcmc earig pc rgper˅ķmnc zķ˅mg ķ˅m dctgoll/ lgr dctgolloc gs `gzg)`ltgtcg dc g anolmdl earig/ lmd gpteco pciml`gtluc; cvlptg a `lr`sogt¶lc ķ˅mtrc tsozlmg ¶plmcrusrl; g`cgptg ocngtsrg cptc psbtlog/ olzpltg dc culdcmt¶g dcpcarl; cg ap`locgxg ķ˅mtrc sm

gmsilt ilmlisi ¶pl sm igvlisi-

Earig c ogtsrg igl `crcbrgog g azcrcl/ dctgolloc ‐ ogtsrg igl pcmpltlug- L˅m isxl`gògpl`g csrazcgmg psdsrg g`cptar gpzc`tc cptc lmtlig/ earig zgrc dc at¶co; ògrg/ paoldg/cogptl`g/ olzpltg dc aptcmtgt¶lc; zrca`szgrcg zcmtrs dctgoll cptc iadcrgtg/ pgmgtagpg8 cgcultg mcnolhcmt¶coc/ dgr ms gàrdg dctgolloar a gtcmt¶lc cv`cplug- Bcctfaucm c sm grtlptķ˅mdcapcbl àmtcvtsgo &dlgoc`tl`/ zra`cpsgo,; co gàrdg zrczamdcrcmt¶g `srncrll; ms msigltrc`crloc/ dgr `flgr smcoc tcic gzgr ķ˅m esng n˅ķmdsosl/ coc psmt gdspc pgs `flgr p`sxgtczrlm àmtcvt; nrlhg dc ersispct¶c &oa`gog, c psbardamgtg

’ldcll‟; grtg osl c tatgoltgrg; gp)

zc`tso cl `cmtrlzct fatgrg¶ptc/ dc smdc ¶pl lizrcplg dc àm`cmtrgrc- Og Iaxgrt c`flolbrsocptc `s gdcugrgt ògpl`; og Bcctfaucm c`flolbrso pc abt¶lmc zrlm n˅ķmdlrc/ ceart/ zra`cp-C`flolbrso ptg zc zogmso ceart)rcgolxgrc/ zogm ictggrtlptl`/ sigm/ ctl`; dlizatrlug/ Ia)xgrt cptc lrcgo &`ltc¶ptc

’lmsigm‟, dc rcgolxgt/ dlmàoa dc arl`c ceart gzgrcmt- Ersiapso

bcctfaucmlgm c zc zogmso ldcll/ gdcugrsosl/ blmcosl; ersiapso iaxgrtlgm cptc ķ˅m zogmso

’zsr‟ cptctl` &gdl`g zc sm zogm ictgsigm,-

Cvcizoc pzocmdldc dc c`flolbrs ķ˅mtrc earig ¶pl dctgoll ngpli ķ˅m isxl`g osl Bg`f¶pl @fazlm; `flgr `ltltg ķ˅m tciza rgr/ g`cgptg isxl`g ķ˅¶pl zgptrcgxg eagrtc isot dlmersispct¶cg cl; og Bcctfaucm isxl`g zlcrdc eagrtc isot og gpcicmcg oc`tsrl ķ˅m`ctlmltc-Cvlptg sm gmsilt rgzart ķ˅mtrc tciza ¶pl dcmpltgtcg dctgolloar; og @fazlm mc dcrgmhcgxggxl smcarl zrcg igrcg bangt¶lc dc dctgoll &˅ķm goocnra, zc smltgtcg dc tliz; sm lmtcrzrctigrc ug ¶ptl pg c`flolbrcxc olmlg ķ˅mtrcnsosl `s ersispct¶cg dctgolloar- P)g uarblt isot

dcpzrc ersispctcg dctgolloar ķ˅m isxl`g smar Dcbspp| pl Rguco L˅m pcàoso VV a gms

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dcpzrc ersispct¶cg dctgolloar ķm isxl`g smar Dcbspp| ¶pl Rguco- Lm pcàoso VV a gms)iltg ķ˅m`gr`grc g dctgolloar zagtc abpcrugtg og smll àizaxltarl `c gs trc`st zrlmcvzcrlcmt¶g lizrcplamlptg; Ptrgulmpkl/ Bgrtak dgr `flgr ¶pl P`f¦ambcrn ¶pl Bcrn psmt eagrtcigrl cvcizoc-

Isxl`g raig˅mcgp`g grc ķ˅m Cmcp`s smso dlmtrc `cl igl rgmgt¶l àizaxltarl gl urcill-Mcualg dc g gdmatg gzragzc c`grc matg/ gzragzc c`grc psmct &datgt `s ķ˅mpcimgrldc msgmt¶g/ dc cvc`stgrc lmptrsicmtgog/ dc cvzrcplc,/ daucdc¶ptc a nrlhg mcabl¶pmsltgzcmtrs dctgoll- Sltķ˅mds)tc ķ˅m zgrtltsrg

’Lizrcplloar dlm àzlogrlc‟ zgr`g tc gfll ķ˅m egt¶g

smsl zalmtlolpt `grc ķ˅mxcptrcgxg c`grc psmct `s lmdl`gt¶ll icrcs dlecrltc- Pzrc dcapcblrcķ˅mpg dc rgt¶lamgolpiso zalmtlolpt gl`l psmtci ķ˅m egt¶g g`coslg¶pl psbtlo ¶pl crblmtc ulbrgta`grc pc gzol`g ¶pl gpszrg àrxll dc ulagrg-

’Acdlz‟ `g ¶pl gotc zlcpc goc osl Cmcp`s g eapt p`rlp ķ˅mtr)sm tliz mcabl¶pmslt dc p`srt/

ķ˅mpg zcrec`t¶lamgrcg oar dsrg gml ¶pl gml; Cmcp`s oc àmpldcrg ngtg ķ˅mtr)sm t˅ķrxls8 co ogpglizrcplg `g ķ˅¶pl aecrcg zlcpg zcmtrs g a iķ˅xngol gml dc xloc- Nsig/ ogig/ `st¶ltso `s `grcķ˅¶pl zcrec t¶lamg zgrtltsrloc ķ˅l psbt¶lgs zgnlmloc dc zgrtltsrg; coc crgs gzragzc ablc`tc dczl`tsrg; ķ˅t¶l gilmtc¶ptc dc Bammgrd `grc dszg dc`cmll igl gzol`g zcmpsog gpszrg `˅ķtcsmcl z˅ķmxc lmtrgtc ķ˅m isxcs-

Rgmgicmtso ¶pl darlmt¶g dc zcrec`t¶lsmc g osl Cmcp`s dczg¶pcp` `s plnsrgmt¶g igrnlmloccptctl`sosl- Coc dcmatg ¶pl a igrc mcisot¶silrc; grtlptso `s gsxso zcrec`t plit¶cg icrcsmcualg ucrl`grloar zc uls/ g rcts¶psrloar mcabapltc- Dgr igl zrcpsp dc g`cgptg trgpgtsrgagrc`si grtl`lgog ptg sm rgmgicmt/ a mct¶c psflctcgp`g mcabl¶pmsltg- L˅m tliz `cBrg˅m`s¶pl tlmdcg pzrc earic plmtctl`c rcs¶pltc dlmtr)a dgtg &dgr ¶pl g`cocg `s `˅ķtg ilngog',Cmcp`s/ dlizatrlug/ gdgsng icrcs ts¶pc mal zl`tsrloar pgoc isxl`goc- Nķ˅mdlmds)mc ogPamgtg g LLL)g pgs zgrt¶loc ocmtc dlm

’Psltg g LLL)g‟ g`cptcg mc gzgr `g p`sesmdgrl

ķ˅m iciarlc zcmtrs g rcàmptltsl zclpghso egmtgptl` go àzlogrlcl; grtlptso ķ˅o p`rstcgxg

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ķm iciarlc zcmtrs g rcàmptltsl zclpghso egmtgptl` go àzlogrlcl; grtlptso ķo p`rstcgxg`s nrlhg lmmltg zcmtrs rc`rcgrcg dctgolloar; Cmcp`s rcàmptltslc àzlogrlg `s a pgogcvtrcig ¶pl g`cgptg pgog ms cptc got`cug dc`˅ķt a cvzrcplc g drgnaptcl-

Elmct¶cg psflctcgp`g ‐ lgtg a trgpgtsrg dc `gzctcmlc g osl Cmcp`s- Dctgolloc ķ˅m ķ˅megz)

tslrcg isxl`ll psmt igl isot dc`˅ķt nrlhg zcmtrs rcgolxgrcg ldcll8 ldccg pc ngpc¶ptc `flgrķ˅m dctgoll- Dc g`ccg ptsdlcrcg raososl oar il pc zgrc cpcmt¶lgog zcmtrs ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg oslNcarnc Cmcp`s-

ARLNLMGOLTGTC FLICRG 5

Arlnlmgoltgtcg ulmc ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc dlm g`ccg `g arl`c os`rgrc grc sm gstar ¶pl sricocgstarsosl pc rcngpcp` ķ˅m azcrg- @flgr ķ˅m earicoc dc grtg igl àoc`tluc ¶pl lizcrpamgoc‐ pg pzsmci/ dc cvcizos/ eaoòarso isxl go ‐ ķ˅m`g cvlptg gpcicmcg sric; gzg pzgogzlctrcoc/ lptarlg ¶poceslc¶ptc ¶pl cg àiarloc grtlptl`c/ zrlm àmtcizogrc ķ˅mdcosmngtg grtg pcmctcxc¶ptc ‐ ¶pl tats¶pl g`c¶ptl zg¶pl gl aisosl)gstar ķ˅m`g rgiķ˅m pgs pc nfl`cp`-

Tagtg osicg ¶ptlc `g/ ķ˅m`czķ˅md dlm pcàoso VLV/ zgrgictrso arlnlmgoltgt¶ll g `gzgtgt alizartgmt¶g tat igl igrc ķ˅m gzrc`lcrcg azcrcl dc grtg/ lgr ķ˅m pcàoso go VV)ocg ecmaicmso

g dcucmlt zgravlptl`- Pcimgtsrg gstarsosl `gzgtg smcarl zrcnmgmt¶g igl igrc dc`˅ķtķ˅mpg¶pl azcrg- L˅m `gxso g`cptg/ ķ˅mpg/ trcbslc pg ms sltgi `g azcrg zgrtl`lzg og tatgoltgtcg`rcgt¶lcl smsl grtlpt zc `grc pcimgtsrg pg a cua`g- Lramlg urcg `g ¶pl igmlecptcoc zcmtrsa grtg masg/ àoc`tlug/ zcmtrs ablc`tlultgtc ķ˅m grtg/ pg zagrtc ¶pl coc pcimgtsrg- Zagtc`g cvg`crbgrcg ¶pl gosmc`grcg og cvtrci àmptltslc zrcosdlso trc`crll og àmtrgrls/ zrlm

5-’

@amtcizargmso‟/ 27 igl 7<>7-

uldgrcg matlsmll dc arlnlmgoltgtc

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uldgrcg mat¶lsmll dc arlnlmgoltgtc-

Darlmt¶g grtlptsosl dc g pc dcapcbl zrlm igr`g zcrpamgog p)g lmtcmpl`gt ķ˅m pcàoso goVV)ocg dlm iatluc dc ardlm pa`laoanl`- Pc zrads`c cmari- Rgdlaso/ dlp`so/ tcoculxarsogs sml`gt ctcrso isxl`go/ `rc˅ķmd a gdcugrgtg pa`lctgtc dc àmpsi g grtcl- Pc àmpsig

cmari ¶pl dc abl`cl ķ˅m daxc il`l- Cilplsmloc dc rgdla/ ecptlugosrloc isxl`goc/ àm`crtcocpsmt dcpcarl gibgogrl goc psmctcoar psb ctl`fctc zc `grc ptg p`rlp/ `g a `fcxg¶plc g`goltgt¶ll/ msicoc gstarsosl- Osicg gp`sotg nrgbltg ¶pl trc`c igl dczgrtc- @ccg `c pc`crc cptc g rct¶lmc nsptso dlm c`grc tgboctg/ gdl`g a gmsiltg zrcnmgmt¶g g lizrcplcl-

Dc og sm zsm`t/ g`cpt ptlo nrgblt/ zrgnigtl`/ àmtrgulmc ķ˅mpg¶pl dcpeg¶psrgrll isxl`ll;a zlcpg isxl`gog pc àmptltslc ķ˅m tliz/ dgr pcoc`tarso àmtcizargm darc¶ptc pg)¶pl eg`g a

ldcc gp`sotķ˅md dagr a ilmstg dc isxl`g- Sm `rltl` isxl`go papc¶ptc og Ecptlugoso Cmcp`s;rczrcxcmtgmtso smcl cdltsrl ulmc pg gp`sotc a `gmtltgtc dc isxl`g tatgo mc`smap`stg osl;cl gs ķ˅m egt¶g sm igodgr dc zgrtltsrl ¶pl sm msigr dc bcmxl dc ignmctaeam; gs og dlpzaxlt¶lc`˅ķtcug arc ķ˅m `grc rgpealcp` àmds`˅ķmds)pc igl gocp dszg

’ilrapso‟ isxl go; `ccg `c

darcp` pg dlptlmng cptc a `soagrc `grg`tcrlptl`g c`grcl zlcpc pgs c`grsl gstar; lgs ogķ˅mtķ˅izogrc pc`t¶lsml dlm ķ˅mrcnlptrgrcg isxl`gog/ ķ˅mn og`taictrso nsptsosl gàoa smdcķ˅mt˅ķizogrcg ķ˅l ds`c pgs smdc zgnlmg ol pc zgrc igl zrg`tl`gblog ¶pl gtrg`tlug8 L˅m g`cog¶pl

eco/ zrapzc`tlu aoeg`tlu/ pc `ltc¶ptc ¶pl zrcpg xloml`g ķ˅m pcàoso go VV)ocg- G`cog¶pl os`rs ķ˅oeg`c ¶pl gp`sotgtarso abl¶pmslt dlm pcàoso maptrs/ gl `grsl rczrcxcmtgmt¶l ptlisogtarl psmt`rltl`so/ cdltarso/ arngmlxgtarso dc àm`crtc-

Ms àizaxltarso plmnsr g `rcgt ldcgoso arlnlmgoltgt¶ll dc gibgogh; àizol ltgtcgcptc ncmcrgog/ lgr cnldg cl ‐ zrg`tl`g isxl`gog- Dcgpszrg ulct¶ll grtlptl`c p)g lmptgsrgta ldcc pzc`lgog dc arlnlmgoltgtc; `rcgt¶lg isxl`gog cptc ugxstg `g sm dsogz nlngmtl`;gstarll arlnlmgol rcs¶pcp` pg a`szc sm pcrtgr ķ˅m g`cpt dsogz; `˅ķmd dcp`flxl ogdlt¶g `sucmltg/

arlnlmgoltgtcg gstarsosl ķ˅tl pgrc ķ˅mglmtc pzsmķ˅mds)tl sm dlptlm`t `s`s‟ Ergm`cxso grc

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arlnlmgoltgtcg gstarsosl ķt¶l pgrc ķmglmtc/ pzsmķmds t¶l sm dlptlm`t’

`s`s - Ergm`cxso grcsm zgrtltlu pzc`lgo zcmtrs g`cgptg ptgrc8

’ds Rcmalr‟/

’ds Ptrg~lmpkl‟ ‐ gdl`g/ àmpsil

’ml¶ptc Rcmalr‟/

’ml¶ptc Ptrgulmpkl‟; lgr gstarll/ dcpcarl/ `˅ķmd ķ˅mt¶cocn `c ol pc `crc/ eg` ¶pl

cl’

ml¶ptc‟ dlm zrazrlg oar igr`g ķ˅mrcnlptrgtg- @rltl`g grc raoso dc g `grg`tcrlxg ¶pl cg ķ˅m

zlosoc zcrpamgoltgtcg grtlptsosl- Trcbslc pg ¶ptll `g Ugm Nanf cptc cvzrcplamlptso grtclergm`cxc/ Dcngp ‐ igrcoc zact go bgoctsosl/ Vcmgklp ‐ `cug pta`fgptl`/ Bgrtak ‐ tcosrl`/Basocx ‐ ptrs`tsrl zagmtlolptc/ Igtflcs ‐ pcimc/ Pasogncp ‐ ct`-

Dsrltgtcg pzspcoar dc igl psp cptc gzgrcmtg- Rcgoltgtcg cptc dsrg cg ķ˅mpg¶pl- Dgrml`l cg ms cptc gt˅ķt dc rcg `si zgrc- Zsr ¶pl plizos trgli urcisrl mal-

Pc `rccgxg ¶pl ķ˅m pcàoso maptrs grtg igrc/ gstcmtl`g/ ķ˅m `grc arlnlmgoltgtcg òl)zc¶ptc cmlnigtl`g/ lmdcp`lergblog- Gzgrcmt/ arlnlmgoltgtcg dcpzaglc `cug dlm egric`coccl/ ķ˅m`slmds)pc dcmltlu ķ˅m zrazrls)l ilptcr- Eart¶g azcrcl dc grtg ptg ķ˅m `grg`tcrso clflicrl - @soagrcg `c lcpc og pzgogt pc dcapcbc¶ptc dc `cg ptrs`tsrgog ķ˅m pcàoso go VV)ocg`g ¶pl ķ˅m grtg pcàocoar gmtcrlagrc- Pzlrltso ķ˅m grtg grc a ulgt¶g zrazrlc `grc p`gzg àm)

hsm`tsrll- Sm ldcgo dc picrcmlc/ gdl`g dc p`sesmdgrc ķ˅m ablc`t ‐ ocgng zc igrll grtl¶ptl-@cl `gicocaml dcpzaglc ¶pl isotlzol`g ptrgtsrloc ulxlbloc goc arlnlmgoltgt¶ll; cl psmt àrgollzc `grc pc xldc¶ptc lizcrlso igl igrloar; ķ˅mpg tat co dloscgxg g`cpt lizcrls/ àbar˅ķmds)oķ˅m icdla`rltgtc-

C dc pogult sm ldcgo lmàiad go arlnlmgoltgt¶ll8 arlnlmgoltgtcg)flicrg; g`ccg `grcdlpzgrc ķ˅m iaicmtso `˅ķmd a gtlmnl/ `˅ķmd urcl p)a nrcecxl zc sm àrz ptrglm- G`cgptg cptc/zagtc/ gdcugrgtg arlnlmgoltgtc- Arlnlmgoltgtcg esnc dc gdargtarl; pc ogpg nrcs dcmltg;arl`˅ķtc gdhc`tluc/ ms a zat `szrlmdc dc`ķ˅t zgrt¶lgo ¶pl zlcxl¶p- Dgr dg`g cg ms pc ogpg zrlmpg/ts ms zat¶l p`gzg dc cg/ dszg `c l)gl ķ˅mtarp pzgtcoc-

Ms c ml`l a nrc¶pcgog pg `gst¶l arlnlmgoltgtcg; dgr cg pc luc¶ptc gtsm`l `˅ķmd ug darl-

Arlnlmgoltgtcg smsl grtlpt p`gzg grtlptsosl ķ˅mpspl; co trcbslc pg pc bs`src dc `ccg `c ķ˅l

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Arlnlmgoltgtcg smsl grtlpt p`gzg grtlptsosl ķmps¶pl; co trcbslc pg pc bs`src dc `ccg `c ķllcpc dc psb zgmg; p)gr zstcg pg ms pc igl ķ˅mtķ˅omcgp`g urcadgtg `s g`cpt `cug- Pg cisot¶silt dc `ccg `c ķ˅l cptc dgt; g`cgptg ms)l ug eaoapl iķ˅lmc ml`l osl ķ˅mps¶pl-

P¶l uarbcoc g`cptcg dcpzrc arlnlmgoltgtc psmt a flicrg- Elc`grc grtlpt pc ug rc`smag¶ptc

ķ˅m coc- Dgr coc ms pc gdrcpcgxg mligmsl/ ml`l ucts¶ptloar ¶pl ml`l arlnlmgoloar-

A DA@TRLMG G IADCRGT¶ LCL

’Daptalcupkl/ dgr `s igpsrg‟ cptc tltoso smsl cpcs go osl Tfaigp Igmm; ķ˅m co pc

cvzrlig sm tcizcrgicmt ¶pl a da`trlmg- Og eco p)gr zstst lmtltsog ¶pl gotc cpcsrl zc

`grc oc)g p`rlp Tfaigp Igmm dcpzrc Mlctxp`fc/ ^gnmcr/ Taoptal-L˅m pzgtcoc g`cptsl cpcs pc gflg a ulxlsmc ¶pl a ptrgtcnlc ķ˅m gbardgrcg rcgoltgt¶ll-

’@s igpsrg‟ lmd`g mgtsrg/ ncmlloc/ rcgoltgtcg pa`lgog psmt eagrtc gdcpcg olzpltc dc

igpsrg/’

dcicpsrccp‟ `si pzsm ergm`cxll/ coc ms pc ogpg igpsrgtc/ pc zat dcxogmt¶sl/zat `szrlmdc atrgusrl zcrl`soagpc/ mc zat arbl `s osilmg pgs ķ˅mtsmc`liloc oar/ zatgtlmnc pltsgt¶ll)oliltg-

Daptalcupkl/ Mlctxp`fc/ Kgekg/ Klcrkcnggrd/ @largm psmt `˅ķt¶lug dlmtrc `cl `grc gs

`gztgt ķ˅m grtg gpzc`tcoc dsrc/ mcngtluc goc ulct¶ll8 cl gs igmlzsogt ķ˅m grtg tavlmcoc/atrgusrloc zcrl`soagpc-@c eg`l ķ˅m egt¶g g`cptar eart¶c1 Pc àmtsrcgxg dasg gtltsdlml cvtrcic egt¶g dc g`cptc

igrl g`sisogrl dc cmcrnlc-Smg dlm coc cptc zsrlptg ¶pl lmtrgmplncmtg8 dc rcpzlmncrc- Pg ms mc hs`gi `s atrgus)

rloc; igl blmc mc olzpli dc zrazrlctgt¶loc oar `srgtluc- M)guci mcualc dc pltsgt¶ll)oliltgdc tlzso `coar dcp`rlpc dc Kgekg- P`rlltarll dc igl psp psmt g``cztgt¶l ķ˅m `rcptaigt¶ll

ķ˅mtr)a earig dlosgtg/ dszg `c gs eapt ptcrlolxgt¶l ¶pl olzplt¶l dc ulrsocmt¶g- G``cztgrcg oar

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/ z ¶ ¶ z ¶ ¶ zcptc earigog8 psmt gl ma¶ptrl dszg `c ķ˅l ķ˅izglci-

@cgogotg gtltsdlmc/ azspg/ cptc dc g``cztgrc tatgog ¶pl olzpltg dc dlp`crmgiķ˅mt- Acvgotgrc zcrigmcmtg-

Rcxsotgtso mgo cptc g`cog¶pl `g ¶pl ķ˅m `gxso `coar `c rcpzlmn g`cptc ugoarl; zrlm sxàtldlgm g`cptc ugoarl ķ˅¶pl zlcrd ulrsocmt¶g- Cvtrcicoc pc gtlmn8 p`rlltarll mlicrcp` ķ˅mg`cocg¶pl `rcptaigt¶ll- Elc`grc cvtrcig gtlmnc pàzso `coclogotc8 `cl `grc uar pg)l colilmcķ˅l trgmpearig ķ˅m r˅ķumltso ers`t azrlt; `cl `grc ķ˅l ldaogtrlxcgxg ķ˅l colilmg zrlm sxsrg-

Cvlptg ķ˅mpg ¶pl a g trclg gtltsdlmc/ cvzrligtg ķ˅m tltoso’

Daptalcupkl/ dgr `s igpsrg‟-Ms mcngrcg g`cptar ugoarl `l zatcmt¶grcg oar zrlmtr)sm sx iadcrgt dgr zcrtlmcmt-

A da`trlmg g iadcrgt¶lcl pc lizsmc ¶pl ķ˅m ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg gugmngrdcl- Gugmngrdg raig˅)

mcgp`g zagtc igl blmc ķ˅mt¶cocgpg ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg; Srisx ¶pl Txgrg/ Lamcpà zat iglblmc ķ˅mt¶coc¶pl ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg-

Pszrgrcgolpiso/ dgdglpiso zat igl blmc ķ˅mt¶cocpc `g cvzrcpll iadcrgtc goc smclrcgoltgt¶l dcolrgmtc/ dc`˅ķt `g cvzrcplc dcolrgmtg ķ˅m plmc- Sm `fcgn àmplptcmt rcxsotg gtsm`ldlmtr)sm ¶plr dc cvzrcpll grtlptl`c `grc gr `szrlmdc zc L- O- @grgnlgoc/ I- Parbso/ Srisx/Txgrg/ N- @lzrlgm/ C- Lamcpà/ N- Banxg/ I- Parcp`s-

L˅m ecoso g`cptg pc cultg ldccg nrc¶pltg `g gugmngrdg ms grc rgdg`lml- Dc gpcicmcg

pc ug eg`c a dcapcblrc ķ˅mtrc gugmngrdg rcgog ¶pl `cg dc pgoam- G`si gugmngrdg cptcķ˅mhsrgtg; pg ms sltgi ķ˅mpg `g `ccg `c c dc dctcptgt cptc egopg gugmngrdg/ gugmngrdg`grlcrlptg-

ULXLTL˅MD NGOCRLG TRCTLGKAU >

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ULXLTLMD NGOCRLG TRCTLGKAU

Dg`g icmt¶lmci dlgoc`tl`g ¶pl tcrilmaoanlg àmt ¶lmst)eari˖ g ķ˅m `ccg `c zrluc¶ptc rcogt¶lggrt˖ g)ulgt ¶˖ g / gtsm`l ms c àrc`t pg pzsmci `g ulgt¶g cptc àmt¶lmstso lgr grtg cptc earig

g`cptsl àmt¶lmst-@ccg `c ķ˅mtr)a ardlmc cptc àmt¶lmst/ ķ˅m gotg zagtc earig-Ulgt¶g ¶pl grtg psmt ecmaicmc `grc pc ķ˅mtrczgtrsmd/ dgr coc rgiķ˅m dlecrltc; ulgt¶g cptc

mamgrtg/ lgr grtg cptc mamulgt¶g- L˅m grtg/ ulgt¶g cptc earig/ lgr grtg ‐ àmt¶lmst; ķ˅m ulgt¶g/grtg cptc earig/ lgr ulgt¶g ‐ àmt¶lmst-

L˅m àmpc lmt¶g/ grtg trcbslc pg trgmpnsrcxc tatgo ulgt¶g zcmtrs g grtg- Msigl gb)parblmd dcmltlu ¶pl tatgo ulgt¶g/ grtg zagtc lmtrg og rķ˅mdso cl `g grtg ķ˅m ulgt¶g/ daucdlmds)

¶pl dczolmg c`lcmt¶g-L˅m grtg zogptl`g g rs¶ploar/ ulgt¶g ms cptc gbparbltg tatgo; ulgt¶g zgtrsmdc dcpcarl

zstcrml`/ mcdlncrgtg/ ķ˅m iadso da`sicmtgr wsgpl bgoxg`lgm- Lmtrg psb earig àmtlmncmtzplfaoanl`g/ pgs `g lmucmtgr dc iabloc/ ¶ptaec/ tlzsrl pa`lgoc- Ucxl zrlultarll azrlmds)pc`s cvògigt¶ll8

’sltc)a zc pe˅ķmtg Lmcpg‟;

’blgtg dc cg‟;

’ucxl `c mcecrl`ltg cptc t˅ķmgrg

`smsmgtg‟-L˅m isxl`g osl Ispparnpkl g`cog¶pl os`rs pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog msigl gzgrcmt; gl`l psmctcoc gs a

zstcrml`g ulgt¶g gstaftamg; iadsrl/ rcogt¶ll griaml`c ¶pl gotc ocnltgt¶l igl nrcs gmgolxgblocķ˅¶pl gs zrazrlg oar cvlptcmt¶g/ gztc g ķ˅iblmgtc `g a `cosog eatapcmplblog dc cigmgt¶llulbrgtloc cvtcrlagrc &¶pl ķ˅m eatanrgc ‐ f˅ķrtlg eatapcmplblog cptc àmt¶lmst/ lgr gizrcmtgcvtcrlagrg cptc earig',-

L˅m Ispparnpkl cptc ignlptrgog msdltgtcg eg`tsrll isxl`goc- Gàoa smdc got isxl`lgm

>- Dlm igmsp`rlpso’

Hsrmgo lmtli‟-

gr ’

àizoctgt‟ griamlg/ aiar˅ķmd ers`tso ¶pl ķ˅mnsptķ˅md pecrg dc psncptlc/ Ispparnpkl

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ogpg oa` lignlmgt¶lcl/ `rcķ˅md sm pzgt¶ls zc `grc ķ˅o àizoctcgxg gp`sotgtarso-Cptc cvg`t àmtrgrlso grtcl zogptl`c rspc¶ptl/ smdc dctgolloc pszrg˅ķm`gr`g tatso- Smcarl

dcxnaolrcg mcg¶ptcztgtg dg rcxsotgtc egmtgptl`c/ `si gr ķ˅m’

Naonatg‟ osl Nfc ‐ dgr

tc ķ˅mtrcbl/ slt˅ķmds)tc og tatgoltgtcg `rcgt¶lcl g`cptsl grtlpt/ dg`g cvzrcplg ms rcxsotgķ˅mt˅ķizogtar-

L˅m’

Lugm `co Nragxml` ¶pl so pgs‟ dc Rczlm/ àuarso arlcmtgo ilmst¶lap ķ˅m`gr`gt ‐`g zrlm ilmsmc ‐ ms ķ˅m`gr`g grtg- Dlm `gsxg g`cgptg zrads`c sm cec`t ulp`crgo dctcragrc xl`g- &@flgr ¶pl grtg cvzrcplamlptg/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd cptc pzlrltsgolxgtg dc igrlgrtl¶ptl/ zrads`c sm cec`t igl zst¶lm xl`-,

(

L˅m ncmcrgo/ grtg zogptl`g g rs¶ploar/ ugxstg ķ˅m isxcs/ gzgrc `g zrcg ķ˅m`gr`gtg dcda`sicmtc/ zrcg lmflscmt¶gtg dc Csrazg osl Bgoxg`; `s `˅ķt igl

’pa`lgog‟ ¶pl rspcgp`g ķ˅m

psblc`tcoc trgtgtc/ `s gt˅ķt igl csrazcgmg/ igl mcplnsrg dc plmc `g grtg/ taìgl dlm`gsxg smcl mcers`tsagpc lmàm¶ptlcmt¶c-

Tats¶pl cg tsobsrg ķ˅m gmpgibos ; ¶pl gmsic ķ˅m gmpgibos `s ulgt¶g ¶pl lptarlg Rsplcl-

Dcgpcicml tsobsrg igrcg `rcdlmt¶g ķ˅m ulgt¶g g rs¶ploar- L˅mpg `˅ķmd eg`l grtg/ trcbslc pg`rcxl ķ˅m grtg-

(

Làmgrll rgiķ˅m ncmlgol- Zagtc `g drsiso igrc go grtcl rspc cptc g`cog go grtcl rcolnl)agpc ¶pl plizoc ‐ ¶pl ms go grtcl gmtlrcolnlagpc pgs `gisflgt ‐ rcolnlagpc-

Eart¶g `rcdlmt¶cl/ zstcrcg dc g pc grsm`g ķ˅m bcrbc`c zcmtrs a ldcc/ rlp`˅ķmd ulgt¶g ‐

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g`cgptg c igrcg eart¶g g rs¶ploar-Ictgxl`g ulmc og cl ms zrlm oapac `l zrlm `rcdlmt¶g/ c `flgr zrlm rcolnlagpg

`rcdlmt¶g gmtlrcolnlagpg-

Iapàug/ lgmsgrlc 7<>7

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@rcgtarl gl pcàososl VV

NSPTGU IGFOCR P¶L TLIZSO PGS &@amecrlmt¶g,

Arl`c grtlpt trglc¶ptc ķ˅m tlizso pgs ¶pl ķ˅mtr)sm eco pgs gotso/ cptc a cvzrcplc g g`cptslg-Gsxli gdcpcg pzsm˅ķmds)pc ķ˅mpg dcpzrc igrll grtl¶ptl `g ms psmt ķ˅mt¶coc¶pl ķ˅m tlizso ulct¶ll/lmd`g cl psmt ķ˅mglmtcg tlizsosl/ zrlucp` dczgrtc `g ¶pl zraect¶ll ¶pl ulm/ dc g`ccg/ ķ˅màmfll`t `s àmtcizargmll- G`cog¶pl os`rs p)g pzsp ¶pl dcpzrc àizaxltarso Nsptgu Igfocr;`flgr co g pzsp adgtg8

’ug ucml `˅ķmdug ¶pl tlizso ics‟---

Ugrjcpc/ sm igrc àizaxltar àmtcizargm/ gucg gotg zgrcrc; dszg co/ grtlptso cv)

zrlig tlizso pgs/ cptc `flgr cvzrcplg g`cptsl tliz/ ķ˅mpg àmtcizargmll pgl/ cl rgiķ˅mķ˅m srig urcill; àmtcizargmll trglcp` xlsg dc gxl/ dgr ms oc zog`c cvzrcplg cl grtlptl`g;cl psmt pgtsl dc àtldlgm ¶pl ms oc zog`c pg)¶pl ugdg `flzso ķ˅m anolmdg- P¶l ķ˅m pcmpso g`cptggrtlptso pcgigmg `s sm zraect; dc isotc arl àmtcizargmloar ms oc)g zog`st `ccg `coc)gs pzsp zraect¶ll/ ms gs urst pg `rcgdg &ms oc)g zog`st pgs ms gs zstst pg `rcgdg,`g `ccg `c zraect¶ll oc pzsm rczrcxlmtg gdcugrso xlocl dc gxl ¶pl dc iķ˅lmc- Sm igrc zl`tar/Ulm`cmt ugm Nanf/ g eg`st zartrctso icdl`sosl `grc ķ˅o ķ˅mnrlhcg/ dr- Rc|; zartrctso ms

pcigmg `s arlnlmgoso; Ugm Nanf g isrlt tķ˅mgr/ lgr dr- Rc| g àmtlmsgt pg trglgp`g; zc˖ ˖ ˅ b˖ ˅ o ˖ o o e˖ d N f T

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igpsrg `c ķ˅ibgtrķ˅mcg/ co pcigmg tat igl isot `s zartrctso eg`st dc ugm Nanf- Tatt˅ķmgr g isrlt ¶pl Nsptgu Igfocr &g trglt ķ˅mtrc 765: ¶pl 7<77/ g isrlt dc`l og u˅ķrptg dc 37dc gml,; dszg `c g isrlt co/ osicg g ķ˅m`czst pg pcicmc tat igl isot `s plieamlloc osl-

L˅m Ncrigmlg/ dszg 7<04/ os`rgrloc pgoc ms gs igl zstst `˅ķmtgtc/ gs eapt lmtcrxlpc-Dgr `flgr ķ˅mglmtc dc g`cgptg/ igrl dlrlharl `g Brsma ^gotcr/ Atta Kocizcrcr/ ^lofcoiIcmncobcrn ¶pl got¶ll ms gs zstst eg`c tatso zcmtrs isxl`g osl Igfocr-

’Tlizso‟ / co g

eg`st tatso- Dszg dasg rgxbaglc iamdlgoc/ ķ˅m crg zogmctgrg g lptarlcl/ aicmlrcg p)gngplt egt¶g ķ˅m egt¶g `s isxl`g osl Igfocr ¶pl g zcr`czst)a `s a àm¶ptllmt¶g masg- P¶l/ os`rs`srlap/ isxl`g osl Igfocr g rc˅ķmulgt/ igl ķ˅mglmtc og Mc~ \ark ¶pl Iapàug ¶pl gblg dszgg`ccg ķ˅m Ulcmg/ arg¶pso ķ˅m `grc Igfocr g `rcgt/ arg¶pso ķ˅m `grc Igfocr g eapt zrlm`lzgog

nsrg isxl`gog rc`smap`stg/ dailmgtagrc og ķ˅m`czstso pcàososl VV- Gxl/ ķ˅m 7<65/isxl`g osl Igfocr mc gzgrc igl t˅ķmgrg `g arl`˅ķmd-

(

Og ķ˅m`czstso osmll ecbrsgrlc 7<65 g gust oa` og Zgrlp/ og `cmtrso dc `sotsrg’

Zai)zldas/ Bcgsbasrn‟/ ucrmlpghso cvzaxlt¶lcl

’Ulcmg/ mg¶ptcrcg smsl pcào‟- Ill dc agicml

p)gs ķ˅mnfcpslt dlm zrlig xl pg ugdg g`cgptg bangtg cvzaxlt¶lc- Pe˅ķr¶pltso pcàososl VV/zcrpzc`tlug g`coslg `grc ķ˅m`czc rlicgxg agrc`si `s pe˅ķr¶pltso ¶pl ķ˅m`czstso pcàososl zrc)`cdcmt; pcmtlicmtso `g `cug igrct¶ ¶pl tcrlblo pc pe˅ķr¶pc¶ptc ¶pl `g `cug mas ķ˅m`czc g cvlptgt¶pl gtsm`l ¶pl gxl- Lizcrlso gsptra)smngr/ àmdsp dc dc`cmll dc Kglpcrso Ergmx)Hapce ghsm)pcpc og a ķ˅mflarlrc cvtrgardlmgrg ¶pl ‐ ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz ‐ pzlrltcoc n˅ķmdltagrc ¶pl plit¶ltagrcucdcgs `g co pc zrgbs¶pc¶ptc- Zcrpamgoltgt¶l `sotsrgoc cvtrgardlmgrc gs trglt og ķ˅m`czstsopcàososl VV og Ulcmg ¶pl/ og lmtrgrcg ķ˅m cvzaxlt¶lc/ dszg `c trc`cgl dc bsptso ķ˅izgrgtsosl/

flgm`gt dc g`cocg goc osl R- gnmcr ¶pl Er- Mlctxp`fc/ tc ķ˅mt˅ķomcgl `s sm c`rgm uldca zcl t t l l l o lo olt˖tl d t t ˖o l l tll l

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`grc crgs zralc`tgtc lignlml goc igrloar zcrpamgoltgt¶l `grc gs dgt ptrgos`lrc ulct¶ll pzl)rltsgoc g Ulcmcl8 eatanrgg c`grslg/ a matlt¶g blanrg`g zcmtrs Igfocr/ P`fmltxocr/P`f¦ambcrn/ Rclmfgrdt/ ^lttncmptclm/ Xciolmpk|/ ^- Rcl`f/ Bra`f/ Isplo/ Kakap`fkg/

Pt- X~cln/ creco/ Ercsd ¶pl isot¶l got¶ll; msigl a zgrtc dlm cl crgs mgp`st¶l ķ˅m Gsptrlg/`cl igl isot¶l ucmcgs dlm Bacilg/ Zaoamlg/ @ragt¶lg/ Smngrlg/ Trgmplougmlg; Ulcmg crg`rcsxctso ķ˅m `grc g`cptc pzlrltc dlecrltc p)gs smlt ¶pl p)gs `la`mlt zcmtrs g `rcg; ķ˅m Ulcmggs trglt ¶pl gs `rcgt/ dgr gzal p)gs rlplzlt/ gs eapt rlplzlt¶l; ķ˅m zgrgoco/ zc sm got il` c`rgmpc zstcg ucdcg cuaost¶lg eart¶coar rgsosl `grc g `soilmgt `s Gmp`fosppso; zrliso rgxbaliamdlgo g psrzgt lizcrlso ig`lmgt dc àmtrgdl`t¶ll/ lgr gsptrlg`so Fltocr g gmcvgt Gsp)trlg Ncrigmlcl `cosl dc)go trclocg Rcl`f og 74 igrtlc 7<06- Gpteco `sotsrg ķ˅m`czstsosl

dc ucg`/ `si matcgxg zrcxcmtgrcg cvzaxlt¶lcl dc og Zgrlp/ ’m)g isrlt dc iagrtc bsmg/`l g eapt ul`tlig smsl gpgplmgt‟-

Og ķ˅m`czstso pcàososl p)gs àzt og Ulcmg n˅ķmdlrcg ¶ptllmt¶l`g ¶pl oapa`g iadcrmg&zrlm Ig`f/ Baotxigmm/ ^lttncmptclm,/ grfltc`tsrg iadcrmg/ masg pa`lgo)dcia`rgt¶lc/zplfgmgolxg osl Ercsd/ dgr `flgr ¶pl rgplpiso iadcrm ¶pl tatadgtg plamlpiso osl Fcrxo&`grc g gflgt dcpzrc plmc og zra`cpso Drc|espp `g cptc curcs,; tat gl`l ¶pl g`si p)g mgp`stisxl`g gtamgog ¶pl dadc`geaml`g- Ulcmg g eapt gtsm`l/ dszg cvzrcplg osl Kgro Krgsp/

’ogbargtarso smcl gza`golzpc‟/ lgr dszg Bra`f/ oa`so ’gza`golzpcl ucpcoc‟; Ulcmg gtrglt rcucogt¶lg zrgzgptlcl `grc pc dcp`fldcg ķ˅m lptarlc-

L˅m `cmtrso cvzaxlt¶lcl dc og Zgrlp ptg `flzso osl Igfocr- Dc `c1 Igl ķ˅mt˅ķl lmd`gUlcmg g eapt dlmtatdcgsmg arg¶pso isxl`ll/ go àizaxltarloar- Og Zgrlp ¶pl ķ˅m Ltgolg/ ķ˅lucxl zc zl`tarl; Ulcmg pc ogsdg `s `cl igl igrl àizaxltarl gl isxl`ll csrazcmc- Smsodlm sotlill g eapt Nsptgu Igfocr- L˅m cvzaxlt¶lc ucxl eatanrgl/ da`sicmtc/ zgrtltsrl

isxl`goc goc osl Igfocr/ lgr ķ˅m ilhoa`so cl a àzlc ķ˅m isogh g iariķ˅mtsosl osl Igfocr; cot l ˅ t o Ul l d ot˖d t˖ I fo e t l l l d ˖

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cptc ¶pl iariķmtso Ulcmcl dc gotgdgtg- Igfocr g eapt ms msigl `g isxl`lgm/ dgr `g nsrg`rcgtagrc ķ˅m ncmcrc/ zcrpamgoltgtcg `cg igl zstcrml`g g tlizsosl; g`cgptg gs rcplit¶lt)a ms msigl zsbol`so ¶pl isxl`lcmll/ dgr ¶pl grtl¶ptll `clogot¶l/ tagtc pzlrltcoc lizartgmtc

goc urcill- T˅ķmgrso dc 03 dc gml/ Tfaigp Igmm g p`rlp dsz g zrcilcrg Plieamlcl gULLL)g `g ucdc ķ˅m Igfocr ķ˅mtrs`flzgrcg

’`cocl igl pcrlagpc ¶pl `srgtc ualmt¶c grtlptl`c g

urcill‟- Lgr Ncrfgrd Fgsztigmm g p`rlp8’

Ncmlso osl Nsptgu Igfocr cptc rczrcxcmtgtluzcmtrs igrloc trgdlt¶ll goc isxl`ll ncrigmc--- Co grc dciamlpiso ¶pl ķ˅mflg`grgtg zstcrcg igcptrsosl ncrigm/ g`cg sml`g ncmcraxltgtc `grc zagtc dciamptrg dczolmg pg arlnlmcdlulmg- C a bs`srlc pg ucxl `si ugoagrcg g`cptsl ai rgr dculmc tat igl ògrg ¶pl iglògrg‟-

G`cptcg gs eapt p`rlpc ķ˅m gmso 7<7:/ dgr gdcugrsrloc gs dcucmlt ¶pl igl ògrc ķ˅m 7<65-@s sm gm ķ˅mglmtc dc cvzaxlt¶lg zgrlxlgmg/ sm lizsmgtar ecptlugo gu˅ķmd g`ccg¶pl tcigp)g t¶lmst og Oamdrg; àm`crtc/ àmecrlmt¶c/ cvzaxlt¶ll/ cdltgrl dc `grt¶l; pzlrltso tstcogr goecptlugososl g eapt tat Nsptgu Igfocr-

Gptgxl/ uarblmd dcpzrc Igfocr/ guci zcrpzc`tlug mc`cpgrg zcmtrs g)o rldl`g og mluc)oso àizaxltarloar dc zrli ardlm dlm lptarlg isxl`ll csrazcmc/ gogtsrl dc Bg`f/ Iaxgrt/Bcctfaucm/ P`fsbcrt/ ^gnmcr- Pltsgt og àmflscmt¶g g dasg pcàoc/ co zagtc zrlult ķ˅m

cngog igpsrg zrlm zrlpig giķ˅mdarsrg; ķ˅m isxl`g pg co ptr˅ķmnc isxl`loc àizaxltarloarigl psp `ltgt¶l ¶pl osilmcgxg zrlm grtg pg/ dczgrtc/ pe˅ķr¶pltso pcàososl VV-

(

Igfocr p)g mgp`st ķ˅m pgtso `cf Kgolpt dlm zgrlmt¶l curcl- Tgtgo pgs/ Bcrmfgrd Igfocr/crg sm ai plizos/ cmcrnl`/ `gi àocrl` &gbrszt, ¶pl `s isotc tgocmtc; g ķ˅m`czst `g blrhgr/

g eapt ism`ltar og egbrl`g/ g ķ˅mugt¶gt `cug ergm`cxg ¶pl g dab˅ķmdlt a il`g bsmg ptgrc; og 0:dc gml p g `gpgtarlt `s Igrlg Fcrigm a lmtg eagrtc pcmplblog Pc zatrlucgs `g ea`so

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dc gml p)g `gpgtarlt `s Igrlg Fcrigm/ a lmt¶g eagrtc pcmplblog-’

Pc zatrlucgs `g ea`so`s gzg8 co ķ˅m`gzgt¶˅ķmgrcg ķ˅mpg¶pl/ cg ‐ pgog ķ˅m zcrpagmg‟- Gs ķ˅mtciclgt a egilolc `s isot¶làzll; p)gs istgt `s tat¶ll ķ˅mtr)sm t˅ķrns¶par `cug igl igrc &Lnogs,- Nsptgu p)g grgtgt

dc il` àzlo a mgtsrg gzgrtc/ sm àzlo ķ˅mòlmgt pzrc isxl`g- Eagrtc dcurcic g ķ˅mugt¶gtigl isot dc a pstg dc `˅ķmtc`c; `c eco dc `˅ķmtc`c agrc1 Uar eapt `cfc/ curclc¶ptl/ zagtc¶pl ncrigmc &curcll zsrtgs msic ncrigmc,; g gsxlt dcurcic ¶pl egmegrg rcnlicmtsosl dlmuc`lmgtgtc; og ¶pgpc gml p)g gzrazlgt dc zlgmlmg bsml`ll- O)gs dgt og sm zraecpar `s `grcms p)g ķ˅mt¶cocp- Gblg og @ampcrugtarso dlm Ulcmg gucg pg c gzrc`lgt; ug ķ˅mugt¶g ¶pgpc gmlgàoa &dc og 73 og 27 dc gml,-

Igfocr g `smap`st dcurcic nrlhloc; ķ˅m`g og u˅ķrptg dc 6 gml g urst pg ķ˅m`cr`c g zrcdg

isxl`g zcmtrs g gds`c sm bgm ķ˅m `gpg- Ulgt¶g osl g eapt nrcg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg- P¶l)g gpsigtdcurcic rgpzsmdcrcg igtcrlgog zcmtrs psrarloc pgoc igl il`l; &smg dlmtrc coc/ Hsptlmg/p)g `gpgtarlt `s Grmaod Rapc/ arlnlmgr dlm Ngogt¶l/ igrc ulaoamlpt go urcill/ àm`crt)igcptrs go azcrcl lizcrlgoc/ ¶pceso smsl ùgrtct dc àgrdc `cocbrs,- Dc¶pl isot gzrc`lgtķ˅m @ampcrugtar/ os`rgrcg pg tlizsrlc

’Dgp Kogncmdc Olcd‟ &

’@˅ķmtc`so Ogicmta‟, g

eapt rcpzlmpg dc og zrcilso’

Bcctfaucm‟; Igfocr g pzsp8’

dg`g hsrlso il)gr gàrdgtzrcilso g`cog dc 5:: dc nsodcml/ ulgt¶g icg gr osgt zagtc gotg tsrmsrg--- g¶p eapt

`rst¶gt dc zcmlblog icg `grlcrg ķ˅m azcrg‟- &@grlcrg dc dlrlhar' @si Bg`f g eapt arngmlpt/Bcctfaucm ‐ zlgmlpt/ gnmcr ¶pl Igfocr gs eapt dlrlharl- Ar`fcptrg ‐ igrcoc lmptrsicmtgo cza`ll; ms mc zstci ‐ ķ˅m`flzsl sm Igfocr mcdlrlhar-,

(

Ulgt¶g osl Igfocr g `smap`st trlsiesrl ¶pl ul`tarll’

jg og Z|rrfsp‟; g eapt ķ˅mpg acvlptcmt¶g trgnl`g/ igl gocp dg`g a zrluli zrlm zrlpig pcmplbloltgt¶ll ¶pl g rll pgoc- Plit¶so

ķ˅mmgp`st go drcztgt¶ll ķ˅iblmgt `s tcizcrgicmtso pgs uso`gml` l)g hs`gt isotc ecptc- L˅megilolc g tlmst zgrtcg igicl `grc g psecrlt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg tlrgmlg tgtgosl L˅mtrc àocnl g

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egilolc g t¶lmst zgrtcg igicl/ `grc g psecrlt ķmtatdcgsmg tlrgmlg tgtgosl- Lmtrc àocnl geapt dcp`flp ¶pl ncmcrap; Fsna aoe/ ulltarso igrc àizaxltar/ àocnso osl dc gzgrtgicmt/p`rlc tgtgosl pgs `g Igfocr l)g zogtlt `flrlg zcmtrs zlgm lgr Krlhgmaupkl zrlic¶ptc dc og

co sm zgotam mas zc `grc zgrlmt¶ll taìgl ķ˅o trlilpcpcrg osl Igfocr- Ldccg dc psecrlmt¶gķ˅o g hsmnc dcurcic; zrlctcmso pgs Fgmp Ratf iagrc ķ˅mtr)sm g``ldcmt/ lgr àocnso GmtamKrlpzcr ķ˅¶pl zlcrdc ilmt¶loc- Igfocr p`rlc og u˅ķrptg dc 7< gml zrlctcmsosl pgs Ptclmcr8

’Ms ig zat bs`srg dc mlil` z˅ķmg og `gzgt/ `co igl ucpco x˅ķibct go ics c ķ˅mpat¶lt dc

og`rlil‟- Sm pcmtlicmt `smap`st; co gucg pg pc gp`stg dc)g osmnso ulct¶ll-

Igfocr g eapt smso dlmtrc `cl igl igrl dlrlharl gl cza`ll/ zagtc `co igl igrc- Dgrzcmtrs co bgnfctg g eapt `gi g`cog¶pl os`rs `g ¶pl gr`s¶pso zcmtrs Cmcp`s8

’sm ilhoa` dc

cvlptcmt¶g‟- Dgr og `c mluco grtlptl` gs zrg`tl`gt g`c¶ptl ncmlgol isxl`lcml grtg lmtcrzrctgrllisxl`goc' P¶l `s `c ctl`g zraecplamgog' 6

Igfocr/ aiso haulgo ¶pl zrlctcmap/ crg lmtrgmplncmt ¶pl tlrgml` ķ˅m daicmlso grtcl- L˅m zra)`cpso lmtcrzrctgrll pc `fcotslg lmtcnrgo ¶pl `crcg zgrtcmcrloar pgl ‐ ar`fcptrg pgs `˅ķmtgrct¶l‐ g`ccg¶pl dgrslrc- Co lmtrg smcarl ķ˅m àmfll tc tcrlbloc `s ar`fcptrcoc zc `grc oc dlrlhg-Lgtg a rcogtgrc `flgr g osl dcpzrc tlizso `ķ˅md os`rg og Kgppco8

’Adgtg sm zrlctcm i)g

zrcucmlt `g tat¶l ar`fcptrgmt¶ll ¶pl àrl¶ptll gucgs lmtcmt¶lg dc g ucml og rczctlt¶lc `s bct¶c

¶pl bl`c `g pg pc rgeslgp`g `s ilmc- Gil`so ig pegtslg pg rgiķ˅m g`gpg psb zrctcvt dcbagog- Cs ķ˅mpg/ dcplnsr/ i)gi dsp dlrc`t og tcgtrs/ gi ķ˅m`czst licdlgt rczctlt¶lg ¶pl gieapt pcucr ¶pl dsr8 m)gi zlcrdst dlm ucdcrc zc ml`lsmso dlmtrc daimll g`c¶ptlg/ ms l)giogpgt pg rcpzlrc a òlzg- Dszg rczctlt¶lc oc)gi grsm`gt a zrlulrc zolmg dc esrlc/ gi tr˅ķmtlt

6- L˅m trcg`gt c pzsp8 Psltg L)g dc Cmcp`s g eapt dlrlhgtg ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc gicrl`gmg dc `gtrc NsptguIgfocr-

`gzg`so zlgmsosl ¶pl gi zoc`gt egrg pg oc pzsm mlil`; ¶pl mlicml ms g ķ˅mdrgxmlt pg pc gzra)zlc dc ilmc mc`si pg ig gtlmng Dszg g`ccg il)g eapt ilog dc g`cptl pgrigml flg`gl

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zlc dc ilmc/ mc`si pg ig gtlmng- Dszg g`ccg il)g eapt ilog dc g`c¶ptl pgrigml flg`gl`grc ķ˅il `gxspcrg zc iķ˅mg8 og rczctlt¶ll ptar`cgi dlm cl egrg ilog sotlicoc zstcrl‟- Cògr8 ķ˅o ucdci zc drcpar ķ˅m `s¶p`g ocloar; gzal/ drcparso rcnrctg- L˅mpg grdcrcg osl grtlptl`g

¶pl lmtrgmplncmt¶g osl lmàiadg ¶pl psbolig o)gs dsp dczgrtc ķ˅m `grlcrg- Sotlig ptgt¶lsmcdc dlrlhar ķ˅mglmtc dc Ulcmg o)g gdsp og Fgibsrn/ dszg `c dlrlhgpc og Oclbg`f/ Aoistx/Kgppco/ Zrgng/ Oclzxln ¶pl dszg `c espcpc dlrc`tarso azcrcl rcngoc dlm Bsdgzcptg- Igrcocàizaxltar @cglkaupkl o)g ugxst og Fgibsrn; lgtg lizrcplg osl ķ˅mtr)a p`rlpagrc8

’Gl`l/

zrliso dlrlhar ms)l sm agrc`grc `gzcoiglptrs dc iķ˅mg g dasg; cptc dc)g drcztso ncmlgo ‟-

Igfocr dcucml egliap ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcgng Ncrigmlc- Og 0> dc gml `gmdldcgxg og zaptso dcdlrc`tar go Azcrcl Rcngoc dlm Ulcmg; arlnlmcg pg curclgp`g g eapt sm fgmdl`gz dc `grc

ms p)g t¶lmst pcgig og msilrc- Dagimg @aplig ^gnmcr/ `grc gucg ¶pl cg zagtc sm `su˅ķmtdc pzsp/ g azlmgt ķ˅izatrlug ~gnmcrlgmsosl Igfocr- G dlrc`tar og Azcrg dlm Ulcmg crg&¶pl igl c ¶pl gxl, sm zapt ilmlptcrlgo; isxl`g g eapt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg a `fcptlsmc mgt¶lamgog/a `fcptlsmc dc ptgt ķ˅m Ulcmg; dlrc`tarso Azcrcl crg psbardamgt dlrc`t `srt¶ll rcngoc-Msilrcg osl Igfocr ķ˅m g`cgptg esm`t¶lc g eapt sm igrc cucmlicmt isxl`go ¶pl ķ˅m`czstsopcàososl VV g `smap`st pszrcig ķ˅mflarlrc g g`cptcl lmptltst¶ll- Igfocr o)g gdsp `gdcàrgtar og azcrg zc Goercd Raoocr; iamtgrloc osl Igfocr/ abt¶lmstc tagtc `s zrct¶so

smar ceartsrl cmaric p)gs bs`srgt dc sm licmp ps``cp; co o)g gdsp zc Brsma ^gotcr `gdlrlhar pc`smd; co g dcpàzcrlt ¶pl g zraiaugt a masg ncmcrgt¶lc dc igrl `˅ķmtgrct¶l; zgrlmt¶llma¶ptrl l)gs igl gsxlt zc smll dlmtrc cl8 Oca Pocxgk/ Pcoig Ksrx/ Igrlc Nstfclo)P`f¦adcr;o)g lmultgt zc @grspa ķ˅m pzc`tgàococ pgoc-

G`c¶ptlg gs eapt gmll ķ˅izolmlrll ulct¶ll pgoc zcrpamgoc; pc `gpgtarc¶ptc `s Goig/ a tķ˅mgrgcvtrci dc ersiagpg/ l`g zl`tarsosl P`flmdocr/ cg ķ˅mpg¶pl àizaxltagrc- Cl gs ķ˅m `sr˅ķmd

a zrlig ectlt¶g/ Gmmg ¶pl dszg g`ccg a g dasg ‐ Ns`kl/ Ulgt¶g osl Igfocr cptc ķ˅mpg ķ˅mtr)smtcrlblo ptrcpp- Marll pc g`sisocgxg trcztgt- Pgmgtgtcg osl pogbcptc `s ķ˅m`ctso- Ns`kl/ smg

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tcrlblo ptrcpp- Marll pc g`sisocgxg trcztgt- Pgmgtgtcg osl pogbc¶ptc `s ķm`ctso- Ns`kl/ smgdlm ectlt¶coc pgoc iagrc ķ˅m srig smcl igogdll; Igfocr/ gstarso tsobsrgtagrcoar

’Klm)

dcrtatcmolcdcr‟/ pzsmcg smcarl `g co ms zagtc olml¶ptlt og n˅ķmdso `g sm plmnsr àzlo

psecrg ķ˅m osicg g`cgptg8 g`si g isrlt zrazrlg osl l`g- Trlsiesrloc pgoc ulcmcxc/ dgr ¶plgtltsdlmcg osl olzpltg dc àizrailp/ olzpltg dc dlzoaigt¶lc/ gs eg`st pg pc t¶cgpg lmtrlnltat igl ķ˅m`sr`gtc ķ˅m pzocmdldso arg¶p- Lgtg a iaptrg dc àizartgrc igfocrlgmg8 zrlmt¶soIamtcmsaua/ Lmtcmdcmtso Lizcrlgo go Tcgtrsosl ķ˅l rcàigmdg osl Igfocr azcrg smslgigtar grlpta`rgt/ @amtcoc Xl`f|- Igfocr abpcrug gtcmt tagtc rcnsoloc àizartgicm)tsosl egt¶g dc grlpta`rgt¶lc; ķ˅m daicmlso grtcl/ crg ķ˅mpg lmtrgtgblo-

’‐ Ighcptgtcg Pg pc

lmtcrcpcgxg dc g`cgptg os`rgrc‟- Tg`crc-’

‐ @c n˅ķmdlt¶l dcpzrc azcrg g`cgptg1‟;’

‐ @grc

azcrg/ Cv`cocmt¶g1‟ ’‐ Azcrg ignflgrg/ zc `grc u)gi rcàigmdgt)a‟- ’‐ @s gptg mszat eg`c mlil`- C a zlcpg egrg ugoagrc‟-’

‐ U)gi pzsp `g Ighcptgtcg Pg---‟’

‐ A/ dg`gIghcptgtcg Pg ardamg/ gtsm`l a ual `˅ķmtg- @s icmt¶lsmcg &&dlm dlpzaxlt¶lg Ighcptgt¶ll Pg)oc,,‟-

’‐ Ug lignlmgt¶l `g Ig hcptgtcg Pg ms darc¶ptc pg pc cvzsmg Cg ķ˅mpg¶pl‟-

’‐ Gtsm`l

rgpzsmdcrcg ķ˅il rculmc ilc- Ms' C lizaplblo‟’

‐ L˅mpcgimg `g---‟’

‐ L˅mpcgimg `g Azc)rg Lizcrlgog ms ug `˅ķmtg ml`ladgtg g`cgptg os`rgrc gt˅ķtg tliz `˅ķt psmt cs dlrc`tar ķ˅mesm`t¶lsmc‟-

’‐ Cptc sotliso dsimcguagptrg `suķ˅mt1‟

’‐ @flgr sotliso/ Cv`cocmt¶g‟-

’‐

Gtsm`l/ drgng Dlrc`tarc/ dg)il)o `co zst¶lm ķ˅m p`rlp/ trliltc)il sm rgzart zc `grc gipg)o pszsm igl psp/ zcmtrs `g cs plmnsr ms ķ˅mdrgxmcp` pg a eg`‟- G`cgptg p`cmctg mcķ˅megt¶l¶pcgxg ķ˅m cpcmt¶g sm Igfocr gpcigmgtar og `grg`tcr `s Bcctfaucm8 og eco dc

’dsr‟/

dgr zaoltlàp- Pg ms mc ilrgi `g co ms g rcxlptgt igl isot dc`˅ķt 7: gml `g dlrc`targo Azcrcl/ `ccg `c g ķ˅mpcimgt sm dlrc`targt osmn ķ˅m g`cpt tcgtrs- L˅m 7<:>/ og u˅ķrptgdc 4> dc gml/ g trcbslt pg pc rctrgng; tcistso ¶pl sr˅ķtso dlrlhar/ rcpzc`tgtso ¶pl gdsogtso

ncmlgo isxl`lgm pc rctrgpc dlm zapt rgpzogtlt `s a gmnlmg zc`targog `grc rczrcxcmtgàmdgimgrcg osl og iagrtc-

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5>

à dg g cg s g ag tc

(

Gi pzsp/ cvlptcmt¶g osl g eapt drgigtl`g/ `flgr trgnl`g; dgr trgncdlg osl trcbs)lc ugxstg dcplnsr dlm lmtcrlarso aisosl- Gl`l trcbslc pg uarbli dc àardamgtcoc pgocmgt¶lamgoc- A il`g zgrgmtcxg ug mc`cpgrg;

Zcmtrs grtl¶ptl `fcptlsmcg mgt¶lamgoltgt¶ll zagtc smg dlmtrc `coc igl dcol`gtc; cg dc)zlmdc dc arlnlmc ctml`g/ dc earigt¶lsmc `sotsrgog/ dc azt¶lsml àm¶ptlcmtc pgs lmàm¶ptlcmtc-L˅mtatdcgsmg `fcptlsmcg g`cgptg g eapt àizocvg- Pg osgi dc cvcizos `gxso igrcoslzl`tar pzgmlao pszrgmsilt

’Nrc`so‟ ‐ Co Nrcà; co g eapt Daicmlkap Tfcatakazsoap/

mgp`st ķ˅m Nrc`lg/ lmptrslt ķ˅m Ltgolg/ trglmds)¶pl igtsrltgtcg grtlptl`g ķ˅m Pzgmlg; dc`l/igrc zl`tar pzgmlao dc arlnlmc nrcg`g/ dgr gu˅ķmd zc rctlmg/ zc o˅ķmng làgmcoc blxgmtlmc/p`soztsrloc osl Il`fcogmncoa ¶pl zl`tsrg igmlcrlptg ltgolgmg- L˅m pcàoso VV igrcoc ài)zaxltar ergm`cx dc arlnlmc ¶pl tcizcrgicmt ltgolgm/ Cdngr Ugrjcpc/ zocg`g dszg zrlisorgxbal iamdlgo ķ˅m P-S-G-; dculmc sm grtlpt dc cvzrcplc gicrl`gmg/ lnmargt ķ˅m P-S-G-/sltgt ķ˅m Ergmt¶g; cptc rcdcpàzcrlt gblg og uķ˅rptg dc >: dc gml-

Igrcoc àizaxltar ncrigm N- E- F¦gmdco cptc àizaxltar mgt¶lamgo cmnocx; argtarlso

pgs’

Icpplg‟ cptc os`rgrcg `cg igl zazsogrg/ `cg igl mgt¶lamgog ķ˅m lptarlg `sotsrllisxl`goc g Gmnolcl-

Tagtc g`cptcg psmt pltsgt¶ll mgtsrgoc/ dgr gs dcucmlt zrabocigtl`c ķ˅m pcàococ dlmsrig/ `˅ķmd aiso cptc àmpldcrgt tat igl isot a plizog lmtcrpc`t¶lc dc gtrlbstc; g`siaiso trcbslc pg aztcxc8 zc `lmc rczrcxlmtg co1 dg`g c¶ptl dlrlhar/ ms zat¶l àizaxltar;dg`g c¶ptl àizaxltar/ ms zat¶l p`rlltar; dg`g c¶ptl ncrigm/ ms zat¶l curcs/ pgs igl

dcnrgbg àmtrgrlso- Dg`g c¶ptl smg/ ms c¶ptl gotg; `lmc ptg ķ˅mtrc dasg p`gsmc cptc ogpgtpg `gdg ķ˅mtrc p`gsmc- L˅m pcàoso VV àizaxltarll `grc ms gs aztgt zcmtrs iadcrmlpi

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56

z z zgs eapt ogpgt¶l pg `gdg/ `co zst¶lm tcizargr- Tcmdlmt¶g cptc dc g lnmarg zcrpamgoltgtcgsigmg ķ˅m àizocvltgtcg cl; sm igrc àizaxltar `g Pkrlgblm cptc tglgt ķ˅m bs`gt¶l; pc

pzsmc `g ķ˅m tlmcrct¶c co cptc dagr sm @fazlm ķ˅mt˅ķrxlgt; ms pc ucdc ocngtsrg dlmtrc t˅ķmgrsoPkrlgblm ¶pl igtsrso Pkrlgblm; il)c tcgig `g ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg/ dc egzt/ Pkrlgblm zrazrls)xlp dlpzgrc; rgiķ˅mc msigl a zgrtc dlm co ¶pl dc egzt rgiķ˅mc a lmucmt¶lc g rc`cztarsosl;àizocvg zcrpamgoltgtc cptc lnmargtg-

Gt¶l abpcrugt `g gi gosmc`gt dlp`st¶lg ķ˅mtr)sm zogm cptctl`; dgr gi eg`st)a zcmtrsg grgtg `g zrabocig/ c cg grtlptl`g/ c zaoltl`g/ c mgt¶lamgog/ pc psbardamcgxg smclgvlaoanll pszcrlagrc dc ardlm sigmlpt/ dc ardlm ctl`-

Igfocr g trglt ¶pl g cvzcrlicmtgt zocmgr g`cgptg zrabocigtl`g- G trglt)a zrlm ķ˅mpg¶plrcg pg/ zrlm grtg pg/ zcmtrs `g cptctl`g pg g eapt g`ccg g cvzrligrll zocmgrc g aisosl;co g urst pg cvzrlic ķ˅mtrcgng pg cvlptcmt¶g- Igfocr g pzsp8

’Plieamlloc icoc psmt cs‟;

grgt˅ķmds)l osl Brsma gotcr mgtsrg dlm Ptclmbg`f)gi)Pcc/ rc¶pcdlmt¶g pg dc ugrg/ Igfocrķ˅l pzsmc8

’ismt¶ll g¶ptlg l)gi àizsp ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlic‟-

L˅m g`cog¶pl eco zocmgr ¶pl)g trglt ¶pl g cvzrligt Igfocr àmdlt¶lg mgt¶lamgog- @g co g

rgigp gd˅ķm` ocngt dc àzlogrlc &tat g¶pg `si crg ocngt dc mgtsrg,/ ms ķ˅m`gzc ml`l aķ˅mdalgog- T¶ lmcg ¶pl og gzgrtcmcmt¶g pg `cf˖ g ; ķ˅m isxl`g osl psmt mc˅ķmdalagpc rcxamgmt¶cpoguc; og azcrg dlm Ulcmg/ `g ¶pl ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcgng pg g`tlultgtc isxl`gog/ g zraiaugt isxl`g`cfg &Duarˎgk/ Hgmgˎck/ Mcsigmm, ¶pl rspg/ g gust a ķ˅mòlmgt¶lc pzrc isxl`g pogug- Dcgoteco ¶pl got¶l ògpl l ulcmcxl gs zrlilt lmesxll poguc &Fg|dm ¶pl P`fsbcrt gs eapt zrlmtrccl,; og Igfocr g`cgptg pc ucdc ¶pl ķ˅mtr)sm gmsilt pcmtlicmtgolpi/ sm

’psflctlpi‟/ `g pg

eaoapli sm `su˅ķmt ķ˅mdalcoml`/ nrcs dc trgdsp ķ˅m gotc olibl- Zagtc `g g`cpt pcmtlicmtgolpi

cptc ¶pl curclcp`; Igfocr rldl`g g`cgptg trgpgtsrg og smlucrpgoltgtc ¶pl pc rcecrcg gdcpcgog Daptalcupkl; osl P`f¦ambcrn l)g pzsp8

’P`f¦ambcrn/ cocull dsiltgoc zat eg`c igl zst¶lm

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5<

; n z’

n/ z z ¶àmtrgzsm`t/ dgr pg `ltcgp`g igl isot zc Daptalcupkl‟- G`cptc `sulmtc oc pzsmc smàizaxltar `grc pc zo˅ķmncg `g pc rgxbalc¶ptc `s àmtrgzsm`tso--- Co ķ˅mt¶cocncg zrlm g`cgptg

`g ugoagrcg isxl`gog cptc dcmltlugtg dc `gtrc `cg ctl`g/ `g pzlrltso trcbslc pg lmpsflculgt¶g bablt¶coar dc isxl`g-

Trgpgtsrloc curclc¶ptl goc osl Igfocr psmt isotc ¶pl gd˅ķm`l- Coc pc ucdcgs ¶pl ķ˅m ķ˅megt¶l)¶pgrcg ¶pl ncptsrloc pgoc/ dgr dcpzrc g`cgptg ms cptc `gxso pg uarbli/ `g`l gr ķ˅mpcimg pglmtrgi c zc egng¶pso oapcilt¶loar/ c go gmtlpcilt¶loar- &Tcricmso dc

’gmtlpciltlpi‟ g

eapt lmtradsp tat ķ˅m `gxgmso ldcaoanl` ¶pl `sotsrgo go Ulcmcl dc og peķ˅r¶pltso pcàososl trc`st,-Igfocr g eapt curcs zrlm arlnlmc ¶pl rc/ ms zrlm àmulmncrc- Zagtc `g g`cptc trgpgtsrl pcplit igl zramsmt¶gt ķ˅m isxl`g pg- Cvlptg tcic `grc trlilt og icdlso curclcp` go àzlogrlclpgoc- L˅m os`rgrloc dc tlmcrct¶c pc zat ngpl isotc cvcizoc dc icoadll gzrazlgtc dc eaoòarsocurclcp` dc arg¶p pgs dc t˅ķrns¶par igl dcnrgbg; cptc sm eaoòar ķ˅m `grc og`rlig c gtcmsgtgdc sm psr˅ķp/ zagtc ms sm eaoòar àoargt grfgl / dgr gu˅ķmd a eagrtc igrc rgpzķ˅mdlrc¶pl dab˅ķmdlmd zrlm g`cgptg smlucrpgoltgtc; grc gdcpcg trgpgtsrl poguc8 s`rglmlcmc/ rspc/`cfc/ smcarl raig˅mc¶ptl ¶pl poaug`c/ smlmd iadso ighar ¶pl ilmar/ `s a gmsiltg iabloltgtcpsflctcgp`g `c ķ˅o eg`c pg gosmc`c dcptso dc rczcdc dc og a ptgrc og gotg- Cptc g¶pg)msiltsoeaoòar dc arg¶p `grc g lmflscmt¶gt zstcrml` `˅ķmtc`coc ism`ltarc¶ptl rcuaost¶lamgrc/ azcrctg/isxl`g s¶pagrg ¶pl/ igl pzrc xlococ magptrc/

’ispl`goso‟- Kgoigm/ Ocfgr/ Dsmgcupkl/

P¶aptgkaul`l gs gzcogt ¶pl cl og g`cpt eaoòar- Pg osgi’

@˅ķmtc`coc s`cml`sosl rgtg`ltar‟&’

Olcdcr clmcp egfrcmdcm Ncpcoocm‟,/ àizspc og u˅ķrptg dc 24 dc gml; ķ˅mt˅ķlso `˅ķmtc`/

’^cmm iclm P`fgtx Fa`fxclt ig`ft‟ &

’@ķ˅md drgnst¶g pc igrltg‟, ‐ grc a gpcicmcg

icoadlc; p)gr zstcg pzsmc `g c a àmtlmsgrc g `˅ķmtc`coar osl P`fsbcrt dlm’

^lmtcrrclpc‟

&ms ¶ptls dg`g igl cvlptg a gpcicmcg dlrc`tg ¶pl trgnl`g àmtlmsgrc g osl P`fsbcrt `gisxl`g osl Igfocr,/ dgr icoadlg cptc pogulxgmtg/ grc tcmtg curclgp`g-

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>:

@˅ķmtc`so go trclocg/’

L`f fgb“ clm no¦sfcmd Icppcr/ clm Icppcr ķ˅m iclm Brspt‟ &’

Zartķ˅m lmlig sm `st¶lt `c grdc `g flg`grg‟, cptc gd˅ķm` pciml`gtlu zcmtrs rcg osl Igfocr8

a rc crblmtc/ sm tcizcrgicmt lizsoplu/ lstc/ ptrgbgtst ķ˅mpg gdcpcg dc icogmàolc; ¶plzagtc/ `s tcvt zrazrls/ sm `˅ķmtc` zrciamltarls zcmtrs aiso `grc ug isrl `s sm `st¶ltķ˅m lmlig/ rgzsp dc gtg`srloc rczctgtc goc gmnflmcl zc`targoc-

Og eco/ icoadlg mgog/ dc igrc trlptct¶c ¶pl gdķ˅m`g maptgonlc/’

Dlc x~cl bogscm Gsncmuai iclmci P`fgtx‟ &

’A`fll gobg¶ptrl gl drgnst¶cl icoc‟,; zrliso ucrp isxl`go gilmtc¶ptc

sm `˅ķmtc` curclcp` eagrtc rgpz˅ķmdlt &’

Ae g zrlzc`lk brcmmt g eglcro‟,-

@˅ķmtc`coc g`cptcg agrc`si gstablanrg`c gs trc`st ¶pl ķ˅m plieamlloc pgoc- L˅m Plieamlg

L)g/’

Tltgm‟/ dszg raigmtl`so Hcgm Zgso/ a plieamlc p`rlpg ķ˅m òligtso igrll isxl`lncrigmc/ isotc zraulm dlrc`t dlm gtiapecrg `ķ˅mtc`coar `ltgtc igl psp- Gl`l/ ķ˅m zgrtcg gLLL)g guci/ dc cvcizos/ sm `ltgt dlm

’Dlc x~cl bogscm Gsncm‟/ p`flib˅ķmds)pc rczcdc

`s sm eco dc lmegmtlo igr¶p esmcbrs ¶pl n˅ķmdso isxl`go gosmc`g rczcdc/ `gzrl`lap/ pzrc aisxl`g ķ˅m `grc c nrcs pg ¶ptll `c zrcdailmg8 trlptct¶cg1 fsiarso1 cua`grcg1 zgradlg1Igfocr p`rlc ķ˅m zgrtltsrg8

’ilt Zgradlc‟- C sm eco dc isxl`g dc egmegrg dc `fla¶p`- Cptc

a isxl`g zagtc dlm Zrgtcrso ulcmcx/ zagtc dlm `grtlcrcoc igrnlmg¶pc goc tstsrar arg¶pcoar

csrazcmc/ zagtc a isxl`g g uc`floar t˅ķrns¶pagrc/ c coc `cfc/ c coc ¶pl gotcoc- Gp`sot˅ķmd)a/ mc gds`ci gilmtc ¶pl dc zacxlg osl Bgàulg

’@c trlpt `˅ķmtg egmegrg iloltgrg‟ pgs dc

isxl`g osl Tfcadar Rangopkl/ `s g`cg s¶par nratcp`g’

L˅miariķ˅mtgrc og Zgtrsmhco‟-

U˅ķmg curclgp`g pc plitc/ dszg zgrcrcg icg/ ¶pl ķ˅m gotc gpzc`tc goc grtcl osl Igfocr8igrcoc rctarlpi/ ncptl`sogt¶lg pg/ tamso pgs zraectl`/ cvtrci dc drgigtl`/ rcucmdl`grcgdrcztgt¶ll/ u˅ķmg zc `grc/ zagtc/ igl àrc`t gr p)a msili u˅ķmg lsdgl`g- Sm bsm cvcizos

cptc ķ˅m`czstso Plieamlcl g LL)g- @c psfls/ `c `szrlmdcrc grc g`cgptg isxl`g' C dczgrtct˅ķrns¶parso/ dczgrtc c ¶pl Ulcmg' L˅mgot¶licg zc `grc pc gflg g`cgptg isxl`g ķ˅l zcriltc pg

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>7

ugdg dczgrtc ķ˅m tliz ¶pl pzgt¶ls/ plit¶l `g sm u˅ķmt `grc pc rgps`c¶ptc ķ˅m hsrso ķ˅mtrcnllzogmctc'

G¶pgdgr/ Igfocr/ curcso/ `cfso/ dgr ¶pl Igfocr ‐ igrcoc àizaxltar ncrigm dcpzrc`grc uarbcg Ncrfgrd Fgsztigm- Zrlm gizoagrcg ¶pl pciml`gt¶lg pg/ Igfocr cptc smsodlm igrll àizaxltarl ncrigml gl sotlicoar dasg)trcl pcàoc- Isxl`g osl ms zagtc ķ˅mt¶cocgpg ķ˅m gegrg g`cptcl trgdlt¶ll/ g g`cptsl tcxgsr isxl`go; ngpli ķ˅m isxl`g osl zc Bg)`f/ zc Bcctfaucm/ zc Iaxgrt/ zc P`fsbcrt ¶pl P`fsigmm/ zc gnmcr ¶pl Brs`kmcr; co gplmtctlxgt g`cptc isxl`l ¶pl psmt zst¶lml àizaxltarll ķ˅m sotliso pcào `grc gs gust a gpc)icmcg zstcrc dc plmtcxg og sm gtgrc `golbrs isxl`go- Ms guci tlizso p g gmgolxgi gl`l

g`cptc gpcrt¶lsml/ lgr coc psmt gptgxl culdcmtc ¶pl ogrn g``cztgtc dc `gtrc zsbol`so gulxgt¶pl dc pzc`lgol¶ptl- Igfocr p)g gdgzgt dlm igrcg oltcrgtsrg ncrigmg- Hcgm)Zgso/ Nactfc/Mlctxp`fc crgs oc`tsrloc pgoc dc `gzgt˅ķl8 g àizsp isxl`g zc tcvtcoc smarg dlmtrc cl- Ggzcogt og `socncrcg

’Dcp Kmgbcm ^smdcrfarm‟ &

’@armso urghlt go bglgtsosl‟, go`gtsltg

dc Grmli ¶pl Brcmtgma/ g gzcogt og zacicoc osl R¦s`kcrt-

L˅m 7<:>/ zgrgplmd dcxgignlt ¶pl baomgu/ dgr smgmli rcpzc`tgt/ Azcrg dlm Ulcmg/ p)ggmnghgt og Ictrazaoltgm Azcrg dlm Mc~ \ark; dszg osmg pgs gmso dc ilcrc dc gàoa/¶pl)g dgt pcgig `g g`cpt tcgtrs ms rgpzsmdc cvlncmt¶coar pgoc grtlptl`c- Ms igl gucg ķ˅mpgcmcrnlg mc`cpgrg zcmtrs g osztg ¶pl g)¶pl lizsmc ldcloc- Trc`c og Mc~ \ark Zflofgriaml`zcmtrs g dlrlhg ar`fcptrg; àmtrg`tso cvtrci dc dl`lo `crcg 53 dc àm`crtc zc pcxamsmsl baomgu dc gmnlmg zc`targog- Igfocr/ `s grdcmt¶g osl lmtcrlagrg gucg dc dlrlhgt aar`fcptrg zc `grc a àmpldcrg

’flcnigtl`g‟- L˅m tagtg g`cgptg zcrlagdg n˅ķmdso osl crg og

Ulcmg; ulpso osl g eapt pg gbgmdamcxc tatso ¶pl pg pc rctrgng `s egilolg ķ˅mtr)a `gpg o˅ķmng

Ulcmg- Pc paàtcg gsptrlg`/ pc àmpldcrg ulcmcx ¶pl isxl`g osl cptc ķ˅mtr)gdcugr a isxl`gtlzl`/ gstcmtl` ulcmcxg-

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>2

G¶pgdgr/ Igfocr ‐ curcso/ `cfso/ gsptrlg`so' P¶l lgtg àmdlt¶lg drgigtl`g zc `grc aigrtsrlpc¶ptc co ķ˅mps¶pl ķ˅m g`cgptg tcrlblog ergxg8

’

`g `cf ig plit plmnsr zrlmtrc gsptrlc`l/

`g gsptrlg` ig plit plmnsr zrlmtrc mcit¶l/ `g curcs ig plit plmnsr zcptc tat‟- A trlzogàmdlt¶lc trgnl`g `c pc rcplitc zstcrml` ķ˅m isxl g pg'

’L`f fgb“ clm no¦sfcmd Icppcr‟

&’

Zart ķ˅m lmlig sm `st¶lt `c grdc `g flg`grg‟, pc msic¶ptc go trclocg `˅ķmtc` go’

S`cml`soslrgtg`ltar‟/ cvzrliķ˅md `s `sulmtcoc gstarsosl ķ˅mps¶pl &gl`l Igfocr cptc ¶pl gstarso tcvtsosl,pe˅ķ¶plcrcg ogsmtrl`g trgnl`g g aisosl- Zagtc dc g`ccg isxl`g osl Igfocr g rcucmlt ķ˅màm¶ptllmt¶c `s tcrlblog g`tsgoltgtc dszg go dalocg rgxbal iamdlgo/ `gtrc ilhoa`so pcàososlVV- M)g eapt msigl rclxbs`mlrcg smcl isxl`l `grc espcpc gml dc xloc rczrligt g ķ˅m Csrazg

dailmgtg dc egp`lpi- Da`tarso Rg| g ķ˅mt¶cocp `g pcgigmg `s zartrctso eg`st dc UgmNanf-

Ulxlsmcg osl Igfocr/ g grtcl osl p)g daucdlt g smlucrpgog ķ˅m ersiapso ķ˅mt¶cocp go`suķ˅mtsosl- @amdlt¶lg mgt¶lamgog g eapt gpsigtg dc g`cgptg grtg ķ˅m ardlmcg rcp`sosl ;mgt¶lamgoso ms cptc ķ˅mt¶cocp `g sm t¶gr` zralc`tgt ķ˅m Smlucrp/ `g a dlogtgrc zaizagpg ggzgrtcmcmt¶cl mgt¶lamgoc; icmlrcg grtlptsosl cptc ms dc g dcpzgrt¶l mgt¶lsmloc/ `l dc g ocķ˅izrlctcml/ g oc gzrazlg zrlm grtg pg- Zc dc gotg zgrtc/ pe˅ķ¶plcrcg psflctcgp`g/ àmdlt¶lgplmnsrgtgt¶ll ¶pl gpzlrgt¶lg pzrc dczolmgtgtc gs dcucmlt gt˅ķt dc tlzl`c ķ˅m g`cpt pcào zc `grcķ˅o trgli' Ms msigl rgxbalso g dlptrsp pgs ptrgistgt zazsogt¶ll; ecmaicmso ilnrgt¶lcl/go plmnsrgtgt¶ll zrlmtrc `cl isot¶l pc ķ˅mtķ˅omc¶ptc gtķ˅t dc dcp zc zogmctg magptrg dcucmltgil`g' Ms c dc ilrgrc dc`l `g Igfocr g rcmgp`st/ ¶pl gmsic/ `si pzsmcgi og ķ˅m`czst/taìgl ķ˅m igrloc t¶grl ¶pl arg¶pc goc osill- Zcptc `soagrcg oa`gog g osl zrcdailmg g`si`soagrcg zogmctgrg/ `g pg)l pzsmci g¶pg/ icogmàolg osl àpil`g- &

’Olcd uam dcr Crdc‟

cptc cibocigtl`g zcmtrs pcàoso 2: ‐ o˅ķmng’

Pg`rc‟,-

Blmc˅ķmt¶cocp/ g`cgptg rcucmlrc/ trlsieso zaptsi go osl Igfocr grc oa` ķ˅m àmdlt¶lg smcl

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>0

osztc dc azlmll; isxl`g osl trcxc¶ptc ¶pl gxl gdsogt¶lc og smll ¶pl rcpcmtlicmtc og got¶ll; g`si`˅ķt¶lug gml/ uarblmd dcpzrc Igfocr `s sm àizaxltar pscdcx/ g`cptg il)g pzsp8

’^lppcm

Plc/ l`f olcbc ml`ft dlcpc Ldcaoanlc dcr Ilmdcrfcltcm‟- L˅mtr)gdcugr/ c a ldcaoanlc g `coarpogbl ¶pl azrligt¶l/ smcarl g `coar zst¶lml- Dgr agrc zcrpamgoltgtcg sigmg/ lmdluldso ķ˅mps¶plms cptc a ilmarltgtc/ `cg igl il`g ilmarltgtc1 Agrc g gzgrg aiso/ g)o ecrl dc ptrlulrcg`gmtltgt¶ll/ g`cgptg

’Ldcaoanlc dcr Ilmdcrfcltcm‟ ms cptc a ldcaoanlc gd˅ķm` ¶pl ersiap

sigmg1 Isotarg sigmlpiso ol pc zgrc gptgxl cvzrcplg smsl pcmtlicmtgolpi rgpàzt;`gi tat ķ˅m tlizso g`cog/ g`si `˅ķt¶lug gml/ og Bcrolm/ sm oaoan ķ˅il pzsmcg `g TfaigpIgmm l pc zgrc sm grtlpt iaogtc`/ zrcg rcflcvlu/ zrcg boķ˅md ¶pl olzplt dc uogng; ķ˅mt¶cocncg

zrlm g`cgptg dcplnsr olzpg dc gnrcplultgtc g igrcosl p`rlltar ncrigm `grc zraulmc dlmg`ccg¶pl lmtcoc`tsgoltgtc

’dc gotgdgtg‟-

Ms tagtg osicg n˅ķmdc¶ptc og eco/ `g`l lgtg ‐ Os`flma Ulpàmtl g eg`st sm pzocmdld oidszg msucog osl Tfaigp Igmm ‐

’Iagrtc og Ucmct¶lg‟- Igmm p`rlpcpc zaucptlrcg ķ˅m 7<77

¶pl ķ˅m tlizso g`cog/ iagrtcg osl Igfocr zradspcpc gpszrg pg a lizrcplc àzoc¶pltagrc/ g¶pgķ˅m`˅ķt/ dcp`rllmds)o zc zraecparso Gp`fcmbg`f zralc`tgpc gpszrg osl trgpgtsrloc `flzsoslosl Igfocr- G`si Os`flma Ulpàmtl g islgt ķ˅mtrcnso pgs oi ‐ a `gzadazcrg ‐ ķ˅m

zgrtcg ocmtg &’Gdgnlctta‟, dlm Plieamlg g U)g dc Igfocr- Lgtg `g g`cgptg zgnlmg dcpsgug ¶pl cocugtg icdltgt¶lc g ghsmp a isxl`g dc ogrng zazsogrltgtc-

Zcmtrs g ķ˅m`fclg dlp`stgrcg gpzc`tcoar mgt¶lamgoc ķ˅m azcrg osl Igfocr g¶p urcg pguarbcp` dcpzrc nrcstgtcg dcpzgrt¶lrll ¶pl dcpzrc trgncdlg smcl gmsiltc lmtcoc`tsgoltgt¶l-Zrgbs¶plrcg Ulcmcl dc gotgdgtg g igr`gt ¶pl trgncdlg isotar lmtcoc`tsgol ncrigml dcarlnlmc curclgp`g- G`c¶ptlg pc àmpldcrgs lmtcoc`tsgol ncrigml ķ˅m lmtcrlarso oar- Fclmc/

Igrv ‐ tgtgo `g ¶pl Kgro Igrv ‐ ògpl`so/ dr- Ercsd/ isot¶l got¶ll p)gs àmpldcrgt ķ˅m earsooar lmtcrlar ncrigml- Ugosrloc ¶paulmlpisosl `grc gs `soilmgt `s mgxlpiso gs rcgilmtltb t o l t o t olo l ld t o l ˖ t l ˖ ˅ tl

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>4

brstgo lmtcoc`tsgoloar ncrigml/ `s culdcmt¶g zsimsosl/ `g psmt curcl/ `g ķm tliz `ccl pc àmpldcrg ncrigml/ a zgrtc dlm ncrigml ķ˅l àmpldcrg curcl ¶pl mcncrigml/ `flgr

dg`g gs `rcgt `gzadazcrc ncrigmc- Fsppcro/ smso dlm sotlill oapa ògpl`l ncrigml/tltsogrso `gtcdrcl dc oapac dc og Erclbsrn/ `grc og `cl zcptc >: dc gml gl p gl g zrlultslilt/ àmptcrmgt/ lmptgsrgrcg rcnlisosl fltocrlpt/ m)g àm`czst pg zgrgpcgp`g Ncrigmlg`si g eg`st)a Ercsd `gi og g`ccg¶pl u˅ķrptg- Bgtrķ˅mso ecmaicmaoan/ gd˅ķm` rcpzc`tgt dclmtcoc`tsgoltgtcg osill ķ˅mtrcnl/ g eapt eagrtc plizos igtsrgt dc og `gtcdrg; oapag g eaptpsnrsigtg- Gi zc dc gotg zgrtc ķ˅m ilmtc `flzso osl Grmaod P`f¦ambcrn/ `grc zrlilpcrcolnlg `gtaol`g ¶pl/ `strcisrgt dc cucmlicmtc/ g rcucmlt og lsdglpi- Ptczfgm X~cln/

ķ˅m Gicrl`g dc Psd/ p)g plms`lp gtsm`l `˅ķmd xarloc pe˅ķr¶pltsosl rgxbalsosl zgrcgs pg pcķ˅mtrcxgrcgp`g- Fgli Gocvgmdcr/ àizaxltar lprgcolgm mgp`st og Bcrolm g ucmlt ķ˅m Lprgcoķ˅m 7<04 og u˅ķrptg dc 20 dc gml; co rcogtcgxg8

’gi paplt/ cs ¶pl parg icg; egilolg/ rsdcoc

pzsmcgs `g Fltocr ms c gt˅ķt dc rgs `si zgrc ¶pl ms ug dsrg isot; ms g pszrgulct¶slt ml`lsmso dlm icibrll egilolcl‟-

Igfocr/ dszg iagrtcg pg/ g lmtrgt trcztgt ķ˅mtr)sm àm dc sibrg; grtg isxl`gogķ˅mpg¶pl g osgt)a zc gotc `gl- Dgr `cl `grc gs lmdl`gt g`cptc mal ` gl o)gs ucmcrgt zcIgfocr- P`f¦ambcrn ¶pl Gmtam ^cbcrm/ eg`ķ˅md a gotg grtg/ gs rgigp psb lizg`tso isxl`llosl Igfocr; ^cbcrm g dlrlhgt plieamll dc Igfocr og ar`fcptrcoc ism`ltarc¶ptl goc pa`lgo)dcia`rgt¶lcl gsptrlg`c; dszg Gmp`fospp g gust sm tliz mglultgtcg dc g darl pg àmulmngmaloc gstarltgt¶l `g Igfocr ¶pl P`f¦ambcrn psmt igrl àizaxltarl- Gobgm Bcrn g zgptrgtķ˅m bsmg igpsrg cptctl`g osl Igfocr ¶pl dsfso pgs ulcmcx; g zrcosgt ¶pl g gp`st¶lt smcocdlm ilhoag`coc pgoc isxl`goc/ g gust g`ccg¶pl zrlulrc zolmg dc àizgplsmc gpszrg osill/

dgr g zlcrdst isot dlm zolmgtgtcg grtcl igfocrlcmc- P¶aptgkaul`l/ igrc àizaxltar ¶pligrtar go pcàososl VV g zrcosgt isot dlm cptctl`g osl Igfocr; zrcdailmg og co g`ccg¶plldcc dc gdc g pl dc d c tgtc dg cgoltgtcg Da o Rg ‟ pc p`fl bgpc ot

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>3

ldcc dc gdcugr ¶pl dc drcztgtc/ dgr rcgoltgtcg ‐’

Daimso Rg|‟ ‐ pc p`flibgpc isotķ˅mtrc tliz- L˅m pcàoso brstgoltgt¶ll/ P¶aptgkaul`l g plizol`gt isxl`g/ g mcnolhgt gdcpcg

ersispct¶cg/ zcmtrs g cvzrlig brstgo igrcoc lizg`t go Rgsosl ķ˅m earic isxl`goc tatgt˅ķt dc iamsicmtgoc `g ¶pl Igfocr-

L˅m gmll “3:/ dszg `c isxl`g osl Igfocr p)g rc˅ķmtarp ķ˅m Ulcmg ‐ ulg Mc~ \ark ¶plIapàug ‐/ Zgrlpso/ g`cpt arg¶p go iadcl/ `grc g ogmpgt `s zrcg igrc ķ˅mt˅ķrxlcrc smcoc dlmiadcoc pgoc/ o)g dcpàzcrlt ¶pl co zc Igfocr; sm `rltl` pcrlap ¶pl sm `cr`ctgtar zgplamgt`g Fcmrl Oaslp dc Ognrgmnc g zsbol`gt ķ˅mtr)sm t˅ķrxls a os`rgrc esmdgicmtgog dcpzrcIgfocr/ dszg `c os`rgpc dasg dc`cmll og cg- Igrloc `gpc dc dlp`srl dlm ķ˅mtrcgng osic

p)gs ķ˅mtrc`st ķ˅m g cdltg plieamlloc osl Igfocr; Zlcrrc Basocx/ àizaxltar dc gugmngrdg/g dcucmlt smso dlm gua`gt¶ll zgplamgt¶l gl osl Igfocr; gilmtlrloc osl Brsma ^gotcr dcpzrcIgfocr pc zsbol`g ķ˅m Ergmt¶g `s a ķ˅mtlmpg zrcegt¶g dc Basocx- Smll gs gust mglultgtcg&pgs zagtc olzpg dc mglultgtc, dc g grig `g igrcg cvzgmplsmc zaptsig g azcrcl oslIgfocr gr `flgr azcrg &dg`g ms geg`crcg, `gpcoar dc dlp`srl-

Rc`smag¶ptcrcg osl Igfocr g eapt pzc`tg`sogrg/ zgrtc dlm `gsxg `g g eapt ¶pl rc`szc)rgtarlc8 gs eapt ghsm¶pl dlm srig gml dc lnmargrc eart¶gtg g àizaxltarsosl-

Dgr/ `s plnsrgmt¶g/ ms g`cptg cptc plmnsrso iatlu8 trgli ķ˅m cptctl`g a zcrlagdg dc`glmt¶g; rcnrctgi gt˅ķtcg ugoarl/ gt˅ķtcg zgrgdlnic grtlptl`c `grc espcpcrg grsm`gtc zcptcbard dc rgdl`golpiso gugmngrdlpt; g`cptg zra`cdg zrlm czsrgrc/ zrlm colilmgrl `gtrc a

’zsrl`grc‟; sm eco dc

’rabcpzlcrrclpi‟/ sm

’ hgàblmlpi‟ &ugl' gdcpcarl ¶pl dc pgoam,

`grc g zsrl`gt pgrg`lmd- Pc plitc zraesmdg mcualc g smcl rclmtcnrgrl g ugoarloar ogpgtcdcazgrtc- Igfocr ms cptc dagr ‐ co ķ˅mps¶pl ‐ a ugoagrc mcnolhgtg `c trcbslc rc`szcrgtg/ `l

sm cvtrgardlmgr cvcizos dc grtlpt lmtcnrgtar/ smso dlm cvcizococ `coc igl ull dc `gzg)`ltgtcg dc g àmtazl ugoarl dlecrltc/ gzragzc àmtrgdl tarll psb cnldg smcl zcrpamgoltgt¶lcvtrci dc zstcrml`c pl dc igrc gstcmtl`ltgtc Gpteco co `grc `g pl Cmcp`s espcpc

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>5

cvtrci dc zstcrml`c ¶pl dc igrc gstcmtl`ltgtc- Gpteco co/ `grc ‐ `g ¶pl Cmcp`s ‐ espcpcķ˅m`g ķ˅m tlizso ulct¶ll àmtcptgt ķ˅m `goltgtcg dc àizaxltar ķ˅m msicoc `goltgt¶ll dc ncmlgo

lmtcrzrct/ mc gzgrc gxl `g sm ilmsmgt cvcizos dc `rcgtlultgtc- Co `grc espcpc àmpl)dcrgt’

igofcsr‟ dlm `gsxg g¶pg)msiltsosl pgs zapt)raigmtlpi nrgmdloaùcmt rcgzgrcg`si `g

’zaptiadcrmlpt‟; gdl`g ķ˅m àmpamgmt¶g `s `coc igl mal tcmdlmt¶c grtlptl`c-

L˅m sotlig lmptgmt¶g/ zcptc iadg’

Igfocr‟ ¶pl zcptc cvgncrgrl/ gplptgi og ògpl`lxgrcgpg ķ˅m pcmpso `co igl ersiap go `su˅ķmtsosl; Igfocr cptc zcr`czst gxl og eco `si g eapt ¶pl

gnmcr g`si 3: dc gml/ `g ¶pl Brgfip g`si >: dc gml/ `g ¶pl Bcctfaucm g`si 7:: dcgml ¶p-g-i-d-

Igfocr g pzsp8 ’ug ucml ¶pl tlizso ics‟--- ¶pl tlizso pgs ķ˅mtr)gdcugr g ucmlt8 tlizsouc¶pml lcl-

@GRTCG NR ˖ GDLMLOAR PSPZCMDGTC

DC P@F ¦AMBCRN <

@s olcdsrloc azsp 73 dc P`f¦ambcrn lmtltsogtc’

@grtcg nrgdlmloar pspzcmdgtc‟/ mcgflgi ķ˅m 7<:6- Grtg isxl`ll cptc ķ˅m zolmg ergiķ˅mtgrc; Igfocr pc ngpc¶ptc og sotlicocpgoc plieamll/ Dcbspp| ‐ og gzancso `rcgt¶lcl pgoc- L˅m g`cog¶pl tliz ncmcrgt¶lloc igl tlmcrcp`rstcgxg arlxamtsrl mal-

<- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ lsolc 7<>5-

L˅m os`rgrloc smar P`f¦ambcrn ¶pl Pkrlgblm abpcrugi ķ˅m zrlill gml gl pcàososl lm)tcmpl`grcg cvtrcig g ia¶ptcmlrll raigmtlpisosl; g`si g`c¶ptl tlmcrl igtsrl ulpgs acp`gogdgrc `grc pg pc trgds`g zrlm tatgog ķ˅mmalrc pl zsrl`grc ptlolptl`g Og Pkrlgblm

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>>

cp`gogdgrc `grc pg pc trgds`g zrlm tatgog ķmmalrc ¶pl zsrl`grc ptlolptl`g- Og Pkrlgblmcg pc ug `rlptgolxg `cug igl t˅ķrxls zrlm iadgolpi- Og P`f¦ambcrn cg p)g msilt gtamg)

olpi- Gtamgolpi/ gdl`g cultgrcg g`tlug/ àmtrgxl`crcg tamgoltgt¶ll; maso crg dca`gidgtgzstcrcg dc g aàol; dcpzrc olcdsrloc dc egt¶g P`f¦ambcrn ug pzsmc8’

Zcmtrs ķ˅mtķ˅lg dgtggi rcs¶plt pg ig gzrazll dc ldcgoso dc cvzrcplultgtc ¶pl earig zc `grc)o zrcplit¶cgi ķ˅msotlill gml- G`si/ `g i)gi gmnghgt zc a `goc masg/ plit `g gi ¶ptcrp arl`c srig gcptctl`ll trc`stc‟-

Gxl/ `˅ķmd mc gzrazlci dc `cgogotg cvtrciltgtc g pcàososl/ dc pe˅ķr¶pltso osl/ ķ˅m zcr)pzc`tlug tlizsosl g`cgptg os`rgrc mc gzgrc goteco; cg g dcucmlt ògpl`g; cptc `ccg `c

pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog gdcpcarl ķ˅m lptarlc `s os`rgrloc dc ugoagrc- Rsztsrg `s trgdlt¶lg cptc dagrgzgrcmtg/ pgs ‐ igl blmc xlp ‐ zgrt¶lgog; gpzc`tcoc rgdl`goc goc g`cptcl rsztsrl psmtàizcmpgtc dc `smag¶ptcrcg/ rcpzc`tgrcg ¶pl dcxuaotgrcg `rcgtagrc g trgdlt¶lcl ķ˅m gotczrlulmt¶c-

Rsztsrg pc abpcrug ķ˅m daicmlso griaml`; griamlg osl P`f¦ambcrn ms zagtc àm)pldcrgtg `g grbltrgrg; cg cptc àmòsxlg oanl`g g trgdlt¶lcl dspc og sotlig cl àmpc`lmt¶g/zrgzgptlg pzrc `grc icrncg `flgr cg- Gplptgi og a `gstgrc lmptlm`tlug/ agrbg g tatgos)osl `raigtl`/ a zgozgrc g osl; zrcxcmt¶g c`grsl psmct dlm g`cpt tatgo `raigtl` `gtg gdcucml c`flzrabgblog/ zcmtrs g dlptrsnc ķ˅m c`grc òlzg pcmtlicmtso tamgo/ dc¶pl g`cptgptgrslc zcptc iaicmtcoc pczgrgtc- @am`rctso grtlptl` go t˅ķmgrsosl P`f¦ambcrn &gucg 04dc gml zc gtsm`l, àmptg dlmtr)a zaol`railc dcmpg/ `grc gilmtc¶ptc dc g`ccg esrlagpg gzl`tarsosl Kakapfkg/ `s tagtc `g ķ˅m

’@grtcg nrgdlmloar pspzcmdgtc‟ cvlptg ¶pl a gmsiltg

`godsrg dc pcrg/ sm zgrgdlp grtl`lgo bcgsdcoglrlgm `grc zraulmc ķ˅m igrc igpsrg dc og

zactso Ptcegm Ncarnc/ gstarso ucrpsrloar &zactso cptc dlm ucptso Ncrigmlcl/ p)g mgp`stog Blmncm/ zc Rlm; azcrg pg g eapt lmflscmt¶gtg dc plibaol¶ptll ergm`cxl,-

O ˖ ˖ d d ˅ ˅ o ˖ o o d o d

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>6

Ocngtsrg lmtcmpg `s trgdlt¶lg pc ucdc ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcgng go`gtslrc g `lòsosl dc olcdsrl/ tl)zl`g zcmtrs grtg ncrigmg- Dszg Brgfip ¶pl P`fsigmm/ dszg Fsna âo/ g`cptc isxl`l

ua`goc gzgr eagrtc rcp`; icrn˅ķmd zc àgig ucrpsosl/ coc pc lmtcnrcgxg icrcs smcl ptrs`)tsrl isxl`goc ecric- Zlgmso cptc trgtgt `s igrc psbtloltgtc; c a zcrigmcmtg zcmdsogrcķ˅mtrc zaoltct¶cg egt¶g dc ua`c ¶pl lmlt¶lgtlug cvzrcplug `grc pzarc¶ptc osicg zactl`g- @c)ldrczt/ sricoc `˅ķmtsosl plizos p`fsbcrtlgm pc ¶ptcrn tat igl isot/ pcmplbloltgtcg masg gpcàososl VV pc eg`c plit¶ltg dlm zolm; sm lmàmtcptgblo rgmgicmt/ a gmsiltg paptl`grczrcxcmtg ķ˅m grtg ncrigmg ķ˅m`g dc og

’Tgmf¦gspcr‟ ¶pl

’Zgrplego‟ pc dcpeg¶pagrg `s isotg

zstcrc ķ˅m g`cpt `lòs; ms msigl lmtcmpltgtcg `gstgrll g`cptsl rgmgicmt mc lxbc¶ptc gl`l/

`l igl gocp darlmt¶g dc g)o cvflbg ķ˅mtr)a ptgrc zsrg; pg ms sltgi `g ķ˅m`g ķ˅m ’Zgrplego‟co igl àcvlptg `s uc`floc rgdg`lml goc `˅ķmtsosl zazsogr- Gl`l/ zgrgdlpso grtl`lgo cptcctgm¶p- P`rlltsrg zlgmlptl`g ķ˅m

’@grtcg nrgdlmloar pspzcmdgtc‟ cptc zcrigmcmt lmucmtlug;

gl`l pc gzol`g da`trlmg `smap`stg’

ķ˅izatrlug ocmculcl‟ g osl P`f¦ambcrn/ g`cg darlmt¶gdc g ms rczctg mlil` dlm `ccg `c g eapt pzsp ķ˅m lmtcrlarso smcl zlcpc/ `l dc g cvzsmc ¶pldcxuaotg icrcs goteco g`cog¶pl igtcrlgo; lmptrsicmtso cptc u˅ķmtsrgt ķ˅m tagtc rcnlptrcoc;`coc igl ugrlgtc àiblmgt¶ll psmt dgtc plm`ram pgs ps``cplu; ķ˅mpg¶pl `soagrcg griaml`g

¶pl àmds`crcg zaoleaml`g zatcmt¶cgxg igrcg ugrlctgtc g rcnlptrcoar- Gt¶lmtlmds)mc blmcsrc`fcg/ ķ˅mtrcxgrli ķ˅m g`cpt azsp 73 ulltarso

’Zlcrrat osmglrc‟; gàoa zgptglg àgztg g

g`cptcl rgmgtc p`rlltsrl lmptrsicmtgoc g pzgrt/ gds`˅ķmd zc p`cmg gotc ¶pgpc lmptrsicmtc`grc ķ˅ibrg`g zlgmso ķ˅mtr)sm isotlàoar ersmxl¶p tlibrgo-

P¶l/ tat gsxlmd blmc’

@grtcg nrgdlmloar pspzcmdgtc‟/ uai slilt¶l dc ptloso ua`go`grc pc ķ˅mdrcgztg `s rczcxl`lsmc `gtrc g`co

’Pzrc`fncpgmn‟ dlm Zlcrrat- Zgrtcg ua`gog

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dlm’

@grtcg nrgdlmloar pspzcmdgtc‟ c sm àmtlmss bgogmp ķ˅mtrc icoadlc ¶pl rc`ltgtlu;gotcrmgmt¶g arngml`g ¶pl iglgptrg dc pcmxsgo ¶pl pc`/ dc icoadlpi zgptap `s pgrltsrl igrllmtcrugol`c ogpg a lizrcplc pzc`l`g/ p`f¦ambcrnlgmg/ lmàmesmdgblog- G`cptc lmtcrugoc

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><

lmtcrugol`c ogpg a lizrcplc pzc`l`g/ p`fambcrnlgmg/ lmàmesmdgblog- G`cptc lmtcrugocicoadl`c igrl `grc pc zat ngpl og gnmcr ¶pl Igfocr/ dculm tat igl ercùcmtc ķ˅m azcrgt˅ķmgrsosl P`f

¦ambcrn; tcmdlmt¶g oar dc cvzgmplsmc/ isogrcg zc a griamlc àizocvg/

gtamgog/ ķ˅izlmnc `s tgrlc isxl`g pzrc cvzrcplamlpi- @˅ķtrc g`cgptg gucg pg icgrngnsptso osl P`f¦ambcrn ķ˅m g`cl gml ¶pl ms gucg dc`˅ķt pg ghsmng og zacicoc osl GobcrtNlrgsd zcmtrs g dcògm¶pg g`co Pzrc`fncpgmn ķ˅m `grc igrloc pgrltsrl lmtcrugol`c dculmrl`tsp ¶pl t¶lzgt ķ˅m

’Zlcrrat osmglrc‟- L˅m olcdsrloc dc egt¶g ms psmtci dczgrtc dc g`co ptlo8

olzpc¶ptc ķ˅m`g mc`cpltgtcg blmc àmtsrgtg ¶pl `srghso `grc ug ucml ķ˅m gmll srigtarl-

L˅m lmtcrzrctgrcg dc gxl/ guci dc)g eg`c `s a eagrtc m g ¶pl zrc`lpg rcdgrc dgtarltg`˅ķmtgrct¶cl @aocttc Fcrxan- G`cgptg grtlptg dc rcmsic lmtcrmgt¶lamgo g `˅ķmtgt g`si `˅ķt¶luggml `g paolptg g ar`fcptrcl Elogriaml`ll dlm Bs`src¶ptl- @aocttc Fcrxan cptc ķ˅m g`cog¶pltliz `˅ķmtgrcgt¶g dc azcrg ¶pl dc àm`crt- Zc p`cmg g `˅ķmtgt ķ˅m azcrc dc og Iaxgrt ¶plRgicgs og Dcbspp| &g `rcgt ķ˅mtrc gotcoc a rcigr`gblog Icolpgmdc, zrc`si ¶pl ķ˅m azcrcigl mal/ dc og Rguco og Zrakacu/ Ilofgsd ¶pl Dgoogzl`àog- Cg cptc ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz acv`cocmtg `˅ķmtgrcgt¶g dc olcdsrl/ ķ˅m`cz˅ķmd `s `coc ògpl`c ¶pl ghsmn˅ķmd og Icpplgcm/ Haoluct/Ptrgulmpkl ¶pl isxl`g igl tlmcrloar Basocx ¶pl Igoc`- Igl isotc dlm ķ˅mrcnlptrgrloc cl zcdlp` gs eapt dlptlmpc `s Igrcoc Zrcils go Dlp`sosl dc`crmgt dc G`gdcilg @fgrocp@rap dc og Zgrlp- Zrlmtrc g`cptcg zrcilgtc pc msigrg ¶pl ķ˅mrcnlptrgrcg

’@grt¶ll nrgdlmloar

pspzcmdgtc‟ zc `grc a uai gsxl g`si ¶pl ķ˅m `grc grc `g rcigr`gblog zgrtcmcrg zcHg`wscolmc Bammcgs- Cptc a lmtcrzrctgrc dc rcecrlmt¶g zcmtrs `g zrc`lxlg `s `grc cptcrcdgt tcvtso isxl`go ms cptc a zrc`lxlc pcg`g; lmtcrzrctgrcg rcsmc¶ptc ògrltgtcg ergm`cxg&`grc ms c ptrglmg tats¶pl dc P`f¦ambcrn, `s a gmsiltg nrgultgtc ¶pl a zstcrc dc cogbargrc

·

ptrl`t mc`cpgrc rcdgrll g`cptcl isxl`l ncrigmc-

˖ ˖ ˅ ´

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6:

@GOGTARLC L˅M OSICG OSL BGRTAK 7:

Lmultgt¶lg dc g zgrtl`lzg og Ecptlugoso Bgrtak g eapt zcmtrs ilmc a psrzrlxg/ dgr ‐ ķ˅mpzc`lgo ‐ a igrc bs`srlc/ `g`l Bcog Bgrtak c smso dlm àizaxltarll icl `cl igl lsblt¶l-

@sma¶ptcgi blmc os`rgrloc/ zc `grc `s `˅ķtcug xloc ķ˅mglmtc dc paplrcg icg og Bsdgzcptg/Icmsflm ¶pl ùgrtctso Hsloogrd oc `˅ķmtgpcrg; dgr rcnrctgi `g ms gsxlpci isxl`g zc uls-Lizrcplg c lmàizgrgblog; dc goteco ¶pl zcr`czt¶lloc pamarc psmt `s tatso gotcoc dc`˅ķt ogķ˅mt˅ķomlrcg `s dlp`so)àmpcrug- Zgrtltsrg smcl isxl`l cptc fgrtg cl; ķ˅m pgog c rcolceso;

dlp`so/ gzgrgtso dc rgdla psmt sm eco dc bgparcolce-Ersiapso arg¶p `gzltgog Rczsbol`ll Zazsogrc Smngrc ‐ Bsdgzcptg' L˅m`czstso osla`taibrlc crg dc gsr- Dsmgrcg/ `grc dcpzgrtc arg¶pso ķ˅m dasg/ c ms msigl sm flsuls`cocbrs/ dgr rcgoicmtc lizctsap ¶pl Bsdgzcptg ķ˅l dgtarcgxg cvtrci dc isot- Arg¶pso g`rcp`st lptarl`c¶ptc ķ˅m g¶pg eco/ ķ˅m`˅ķt dlpzaxlt¶lg grfltc`taml`g zgrc g pc iķ˅mdrl `s Dsmgrcg¶pl g cvzrlig isot¶silrl bgtrķ˅msosl flsuls- Slt˅ķmds)ig ķ˅m hapso flsulsosl ig n˅ķmdcgi msegrg ciat¶lc og gzcoc g`cptcg/ `grc smdcug dczgrtc/ trc`˅ķmd zrlm oa`srloc icoc/ ghsmn pg

pc ucrpc ķ˅m Igrcg Mcgnrg-Dlm’

Zgulolamso Zcp`grloar‟ dc zc Bsdg gdilrgi igoso zcptgm go Dsmgrll- Zrl)ucol¶ptcg gilmtc¶ptc Ocmlmnrgdso- P¶lrso dc ògdlrl c ķ˅mpg isot ¶ptlrblt g`l; gtsm`l `˅ķmdmgxl¶ptll ķ˅mer˅ķmt¶l fatgr˅ķrg pg azsmg a rcxlptcmt¶g dcpzcrgtg ķ˅m Bsdgzcptg p)gs dgt osztcnrcoc goc `grar sric pc igl ugd ¶pl gxl-

7:-’

Isxl`g‟/ mr- 72/ 7<36-

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L˅mtr)a dlilmcgt¶g igl iafar˅ķtg zrlucgi Dsmgrcg zrlm ecrcptrcoc smclg dlm `gpcocdlm Zcptg- Ig gflgi ķ˅m ògdlrcg G`gdcilcl dc P¶tllmt¶c- L˅m `gicrg g`cgptg/ dc smdc pcucdcg Dsmgrcg gbsrlmdg ¶pl ķ˅m`ct¶a¶pgtg/ g os`rgt Bgrtak Bcog ķ˅m sotlill gml gl ¶pcdcrll

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¶ ¶ ¶ / ¶pgoc ķ˅m Smngrlg- Gi ugxst g`l blbolatc`g osl zcrpamgog; `rcd `g g`cgptg crg msigl azgrtc g `grt¶loar pgoc8 `grt¶l dc eaoòar ¶pl igmsgoc zcmtrs ķ˅mugt¶grcg olibloar ptrglmc ‐ķ˅mtrc gotcoc/ ictadc zcmtrs olibloc raig˅mg ¶pl rspg- Tat gl`l gi `cr`ctgt `˅ķtcug dlm`glctcoc trgmplougmc dc eaoòar goc osl Bgrtak- @aoc`t¶lg dc igmsp`rlpc àizamlptl`c c/dlm zg`gtc/ igl zst¶lm bangtg- Pc zgrc `g `cg igl igrc zgrtc g igmsp`rlpcoar isxl`gocolzpcp`; zrabgblo `g p)gr zatrlul isot igl blmc pg pc ngpcgp`g ķ˅m dsogzso g`cptg dc g`l/smdc Bgrtak ķ˅¶pl t¶lmcg adlmlagrg `grt¶loc ¶pl igmsp`rlpcoc-

Igrloc ķ˅mt˅ķomlrl `s grtg osl Bgrtak pc ķ˅mtķ˅izogs ķ˅m c`grc pcgrg- Ual zaucptl igl ķ˅mtķ˅l

dcpzrc `coc trcl os`rgrl p`cml`c rcmsiltc zc `grc darcgi dc isotg urcic pg oc ugd zspcķ˅m p`cmg/ ¶pl dg`g pc zagtc/ og Bsdgzcptg--- Coc pc rczrcxlmtg ķ˅izrcsmg ķ˅mtr)a plmnsrgpcgrg; ¶pl lmd`g darcgi isot pg oc ugd/ gi esrgt dlm tlizso gotsl àm`crt zcmtrs g oczrlmdc ¶pl g dasg agrg- @coc trcl os`rgrl p`cml`c gs eapt p`rlpc ķ˅m `co dc)go dalocg dc`cmlsgo pcàososl maptrs; àm`czstc `g azcrc dc plmc ptgtgtagrc/ coc pc ķ˅m`fcgng zcrec`t ķ˅mtr)apcgrg dc azcrg ¶pl bgoct/ `g`l gs a tcig àismg8 lsblrcg-

Ardlmcg ķ˅m `lòs àrcpzsmx˅ķmd ardlmcl `ramaoanl`c ķ˅m `grc gs eapt àm`czstc cp)

tc srigtagrcg8 azcrg ’@gptcoso osl Bgrbg)Gobgptrg &7<77,/ bgoctso raigmtl` ’Zrlmt¶so`lazolt ķ˅m ocim‟ &7<74, ¶pl bgoctso

’Igmdgrlmso ilrg`soap‟ &7<7<,-

Isxl`g osl Bgrtak c zgtrsmpg dc a igrc tcmplsmc ¶pl rczrcxlmtg a dcpeg¶psrgrc trgnl`gdc cmcrnlc ¶pl ualmt¶g-

L˅mtķ˅izogrcg g eg`st `g smso dlmtrc pzc`tgàococ `s’

Igmdgrlmso ilrg`soap‟ pg glbgoa` ķ˅m g`ccg¶pl pcgrg `s sm àm`crt dc àr jg `gzzcoog- Gi gp`sotgt gtsm`l isotc zlcpc

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àrgoc dc Bgrtak- @c àmtrgpt dczolm ķ˅mtrc isxl`g lm`gmdcp`cmtg/ zgtlig¶pg g’

Igmdg)rlmsosl‟ ¶pl osilmaxltgtcg psgug/ dlgtaml`g/ g àrsrloar osl Bgrtak'

Ellmd`g ucml uarbg dcpzrc àrsrl/ trcbslc pg)il cvzrli gdilrgt¶lg zcmtrs azcrg

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dc zlamlcrgt zc `grc gs eg`st)a Bgrtak ¶pl Kadgo| ķ˅m `rcgrcg smsl rczcrtarls àrgo/ ķ˅mrgpz˅ķmdlrcg g`cptsl ncm isxl`go dc igpg- @arsrloc oar psmt os`rgrl zcptc `grc ms pczagtc trc`c `s s¶psrlmt¶g; coc a`szg sm oa` dc pcgig ķ˅m azcrg `coar dal igc¶ptrl-

L˅m g`cg pcgrg `ķ˅mtgs àrsrloc dc gigtarl8 sm àr dc àzll/ sm àr dc ism`ltarl zlcogrl¶pl àrso ecilmlm dlm Dcbrct¶lm &earigt¶lc blmc `smap`stg ¶pl zrcilgtg ķ˅m ptrglmgtgtc,- Ulr)tsaxltgtcg lmtcrzrctgrll gtlmncg egrg ķ˅mdalgog g`ccg g smsl àr zraecplamlpt/ lgr lmtamgt¶lg&˅ķm pzc`lgo g àzlloar ¶pl g ecicloar, crg dc a zsrltgtc gmncol`g-

I)g lizrcplamgt egztso `g bgtr˅ķmso &gzragzc a`tancmgrso, igcptrs Kadgo| g amargt`s zrcxcmt¶g pg g`cpt àm`crt- Zagtc ¶pl àrsrloc gs amargt g`cgptg zrcxcmt¶g/ ptrgdslmds)pc pg pc ķ˅mtrcg`g zc plmc-

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Gi gsxlt ķ˅m tlizso Ecptlugososl dasg ùgrtctc dc Bgrtak ķ˅m cvc`st¶lg iglgptrg grcmsiltcl earigt¶ll Tgtrgl &c msicoc zrlisosl ulaoamlpt,- @ugrtctso go LL)ocg dgtcgxgdlm tlizso zrlisosl rgxbal iamdlgo ¶pl zagtc paàtlt dchg a os`rgrc dc igtsrltgtc-@s gt˅ķt igl isot ùgrtctso go U)ocg/ àizaxlt¶lc p`rlpg `s gzravligtlu dasg dc`cmll

igl t˅ķrxls; g`cpt ùgrtct ķ˅m `lm`l zgrt¶l grc dasg `cmtrc dc nrcstgtc8 `coc dasg ilmsmgtczgrt¶l ocmtc/ g 2)g ¶pl g 4)g; psmt zgnlml dc gmtaoanlc isxl`gog ķ˅m `grc àcvlptg sm eamdpsflctcp` gd˅ķm`lt `s sm `grg`tcr dcàrgtlu &g`cgptg dlm srig trgpgtsrg il p)g rcucogtķ˅m sotlig urcic,-

@coc ¶pgpc ùgrtctc dc Bgrtak psmt zrabgblo smso dlm `coc igl lizsmgtagrc `lòsrl`c p)gs `rcgt dszg Bcctfaucm- @ugrtctso mr- U p)g `˅ķmtgt ķ˅m g`ccg¶pl pcgrg `s olcdsrl dc

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Bgrtak ¶pl `s Pamgtg osl zcmtrs dasg zlgmc ¶pl zcr`st¶lc- Crpxl T¦ar¦ak g lmtcrzrctgt `stcizcrgicmt/ `soagrc ¶pl cvzrcplug dl`t¶lsmc igl isotc `˅ķmtc`c ķ˅m pzlrlt zazsogr &`cocigl isotc il)gs zgrst zrcos`rgrl dc eaoòar,- Hsdltf Pgmdar g `˅ķmtgt olcdsrl zc ucrpsrl

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dc Gd| Cmdrc; g`cptc dlm srig zlcpc ua`goc gs sm `grg`tcr igl gbptrg`t-Pamgtg zcmtrs dasg zlgmc ¶pl zcr`st¶lc g ķ˅m`fclgt ķ˅m iad ignlptrgo pcgrg- &Lmtcrzrct¶l8

Icrmak/ Oaxam`x|/ Pgmdar/ Zctx ¶pl dlrlharso Oskg`p,- G`cgptg os`rgrc c smg dlm azcrcoc`gzltgoc goc osl Bgrtak/ zrlm zstcrcg cl dc cvzrcplc/ zrlm mastgtcg cl- Earigt¶lg isxl`gog`rsdg/ ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlic zcr`stgtg/ rczrcxcmtg og urcicg cl a lmaugt¶lc zcrec`t hsptl`gtg dcàmt¶lmstso isxl go bgrtaklgm; gi ķ˅m ucdcrc cmcrnlg uaoltlug ¶pl tcmplsmcg mcruagpg/trgnlpiso

’arb‟ zrcxcmt ķ˅m os`rgrloc osl igrl- @sma¶ptcgi blmc pamgtg dlm lizrligrcg

zc dlp`; gsdlt¶lg ķ˅m pgog il)g pàp &`si pzsmcgi og ķ˅m`czstso g`cptcl rcogtgrl, isxl`gdlm pszrgegt¶g zogmg rcdķ˅mds)il)a ķ˅m pzgt¶ls- Psmctcoc `grc zc dlp` pc gicptc`g smcarlķ˅m pamarltgt¶l mcdlecrcmt¶lgtc/ ķ˅¶pl zgptrgs ķ˅m pgog `soagrcg ¶pl tlibrso pzc`l`; zlgmcoc mspc gàzcrcgs- I)g ecric`gt trgtgrcg

’dc `gicrg‟ g zcr`st¶lcl ‐ g``cmtso zsm˅ķmds)pc

zc dlucrpltgtc ¶pl ms zc eart¶g; ķ˅m`g a dgtg i)gi àmulmp/ dgtarltg g`cptcl os`rgrl/ `gzcr`st¶lg àizoctcgxg/ gdķ˅m`c¶ptc/ àoarcgxg/ eartl`g/ zsm`tcgxg isxl`g; cg ms zagtcķ˅mpg ķ˅moa`sl psbptgmt¶g isxl`gog-

Dszg g`cpt àm`crt dc isxl`g dc `gicrg gi gust a igrc bs`srlc8 gi ugxst rcg`t¶lgcmtsxlgptg g zsbol`sosl msicrap `grc sizocg a pgog eagrtc ķ˅m`gzgtagrc- Isxl`g dc`gicrg &ig rcecr ¶pl og ùgrtctc, trcxlmd srgoc

’plieaml`c‟- C sm ps``cp---

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Ms igl zst¶lm psbptgmt¶lgog g eapt ķ˅mt˅ķomlrcg `s isxl`g osl Bgrtak ķ˅m àm`crtso pli)eaml` dlrlhgt dc Hgmap Ecrcm plk/ gu˅ķmd `g paolpt zc Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr- @am`crtso g

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eapt/ dc goteco/ rctrgmpilp ¶pl zrlm rgdla Bs`src¶ptl &˅ķizrcsmg `s gotc gzragzc 2: dcrgdladlesxlsml ptrglmc,- G`cptg g eapt àm`crtso dc ķ˅m`fldcrc go Ecptlugososl Bgrtak-

Ar`fcptrg dc àgrdc g cvc`stgt og ķ˅m`czst Dlucrtlicmta ķ˅m 0 zgrt¶l/ àizaxlt¶lc p`rlpg

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z z ¶ / z ¶ķ˅m 7<0<- Zgrtcg L)g gec`tcgxg a dlpzaxlt¶lc haulgog `s iaicmtc dc nlmng¶plc- Elmgoso rabspt

grc `grg`tcr dc ha`/ dc zctrc`crc zazsogrg/ g¶pg `si ķ˅mtķ˅omli dcpcarl ķ˅m os`rgrloc oslBgrtak; cocicmtso rgzpadl` ms olzpc¶ptc ķ˅m g`cptc mgosrl- Dgr g`cptc dasg zgrt¶l il¶p`gtcķ˅m`fld ķ˅mtrc coc sm gdgnla psibrs- G`cgptg zgrtc pciml`g zgr`g gtiapecrg gzgpgtagrczc `grc a gds`cg rgxbalso iamdlgo `c ķ˅m`czcg ķ˅m g`cg tagimg g osl 7<0<- Pc ¶ptlc `gBgrtak crg sm dcia`rgt ¶pl sm gmtlmgxlpt àmulmp/ àmpcùcmt; co gucg a pcmplbloltgtczaoltl`g g`stg; gpa`lgt¶lg dc ldcl ¶pl lignlml dlmtrc zgrtcg g dasg dlm Dlucrtlicmta ¶pln˅ķmdsrloc ķ˅mdrcztgtc pzrc cucmlicmtso ķ˅mnrlhargtar go rgxbalsosl/ il pc zgrc `s tatso

ķ˅mtciclgtg-L˅m ardlmcg zranrgisosl g srigt àm`crtso mr- LL zcmtrs zlgm ¶pl ar`fcptrg/ os`rgrc

p`rlpg ķ˅m 7<0:- Dszg ilmc/ g`cptg c `co igl zstcrml` dlmtrc àm`crtcoc dc zlgm gocosl Bgrtak- @am`czt¶lg àm`crtsosl cptc dlmtrc `coc igl lmtcrcpgmtc- Dasg goocnra)srlsotrgdlmgil`c/ `s sm gu˅ķmt mcptgulolt ¶pl mc˅ķmtrcrszt ‐ gdcugrgt lsrc¶p isxl`go ‐ psmtdcpzgrt¶ltc zrlmtr)sm gdgnla dc icdltgt¶lc zraesmdg- Zrlig zgrtc c sm eco dc zrcosdlsķ˅m `grc igtcrlgoso isxl`go/ rltiso/ ar`fcptrgt¶lg/ psmt dc at¶co- @ķ˅mtg msigl psflgtarll/

zcr`st¶lg ¶pl zlgmso-Gdgnla cptc tlzl` zcmtrs Bgrtak &gpcicmcg tlzsrl dc gdgnla ngpli ¶pl ķ˅m àm`crtso

LLL zcmtrs zlgm/ ķ˅m ùgrtctso mr-U ¶pl ķ˅m gotc os`rgrl,- Co c p`rlp ķ˅m earig trlzgrtltg;ldccg ķ˅mt˅ķlg c sm àrgo ķ˅mtrcrszt dc rc`ltgtluc- Dszg pamarltgtcg ictgol`g g gogisrloarzrlicl zgrt¶l/ àrgoso àgrdcoar psmg g`l `g

’dlmàoa‟ dc olml¶ptc; zlgmso paoa àicmtcgxg

gzragzc ucrbgo g`cgptg ptgrc dc mcil¶p`grc- P¶l ‐ `g dlm ptrgesmdsrl ‐ a ķ˅muaobsrgrc dc

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ua`l &˅ķm àm`crtso LLL psmt ua`loc zgpgrloar/ g`l psmt xnaiatcoc arg¶psosl `s rct¶cgsg osldc p˅ķric coc`trl`c,/ a il¶p`grc ncmcrgog xnsdslc z˅ķmg og àmusoplc ķ˅mtrcnso gzgrgt pamar-G`cpt zcrzctssi iabloc &àoarltso ar`fcptrgo ķ˅l dg a rcgoltgtc psblc`tlug, pc rcpagrbc

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ķ˅m rczrlxg àrgososl/ `g ķ˅mtatdcgsmg rccvzsp igl àmdcmpgt ¶pl `s a `soagrc g àgrdcoar`grc pc rcplitc dc trc`crcg p`fcrxasosl icdlgm-

Elmgoso c dlm mas lsrc¶p ‐ a rczol`g g zgrt¶ll L)g &ldcc isxl`gog zc `grc Bgrtak a rclgķ˅m ùgrtctso mr- LU ¶pl ķ˅m àm`crtso zcmtrs ulagrg,-

A os`rgrc dc `golbrso àm`crtsosl LL `crc `g lmtcrzrct sm zlgmlpt tltgml`; gotilmtcrlos`rgrcg c àizrailpg- Rl`ftcr g eapt zc dczolm ķ˅m g`cg pcgrg zlgmlptso tltgml` `crst dcàm`crt- Pgog Crkco/ sizostg z˅ķmg og go 0:::)ocg oa`/ o)g gzogsdgt dcolrgmt; ķ˅mtr)gdcugr/zlgmlptso &pcàmdgt gdilrgblo dc dlrlhar ¶pl ar`fcptrg, g trgmpilp pgoll sm dlmgilpi ¶pl

a ciat¶lc lrcxlptlbloc-&Cptc sm os`rs ¶ptlst `g igrcoc zlgmlpt paulctl` lmtcrzrctgpc `s `ķ˅tcug xloc ķ˅m srig og

Ugr¶paulg/ àm`crtso U dc Zrakacu/ lgr g dasg xl dszg cvc`stgrcg zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg dgtgķ˅m zsbol` g àm`crtsosl dc Bgrtak g osgt gulamso zcmtrs Ugr¶paulg/ smdc gucg pg `˅ķmtcdlm mas; dc gptg dgtg gucg pg cvc`stc zcmtrs zrlig dgtg ķ˅m zsbol` àm`crtso dc zlgmdc Px|igma~pk|,-

L˅m ķ˅m`fclcrcg g`cptsl àm`crt plieaml`/ `grc g eapt a gdcugrgtg `soic g Ecptlugososl/

p)g `˅ķmtgt àm`crtso zcmtrs ar`fcptrg/ smg dlm sotlicoc igrl os`rgrl goc àizaxltarsosl&7<40,- Dszg àm`crtso zcmtrs zlgm ig tcicgi `g iaicmtso dc pszrcig tcmplsmc gtrc`st; cl blmc/ ar`fcptrg dc ptgt ignflgrg psb àmds`crcg igcptrsosl Ecrcm`plk g dgta lmtcrzrctgrc cv`cocmtg g`cptcl `gzadazcrc; gi gp`sotgt)a `s psflctso og nsrg- Dg`gàm`crtso LL àrcpzsmdc smcl cza`l dc `rcgt¶lc pzc`l`g/ àm`crtso zcmtrs ar`fcptrg c aos`rgrc dc plmtcxg- g`l ngpli a gmtaoanlc g tstsrar cocicmtcoar dc cvzrcplc bgrtaklcmc-

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@am`crtso ms c dczgrtc dc plieamlc/ ms c dczgrtc dc zranrgigtlpi- L˅m co/ pcucrltgtcgcvzrcplcl bgrtaklcmc pc ķ˅iblmg `s a lmucmt¶lc icrcs olbcrg/ psrzrlmxgtagrc-

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@coc azt xloc goc ¶pcdcrll og Bsdgzcptg gs trc`st `si ms pc zagtc igl rczcdc- L˅m gegrgàm`crtcoar/ àiltctso dc arngmlxgrc go Ecptlugososl

’Bgrtak‟ mc)g dgt zaplbloltgtcg dc

g igrtarll smar gotc igmlecptgrl dc grtg-

Isotc dlilmct¶l dc)g r˅ķmdso gi àolmdgt Ngocrlg dc Grtg Smlucrpgog zrc`si ¶pl Is)xcso dc Grtg Ignflgrg- @aoc`t¶lg dc zl`tsrl goc osl Co Nrcà il)g ogpgt smg dlm `coc iglzstcrml`c lizrcpll dlm Bsdgzcptg-

@gogtarlg ķ˅m osicg isxl`gog g smslg dlmtrc `cl igl igrl àizaxltarl àmtcizargmlil)g zrlochslt gpteco a eagrtc lmtcrcpgmtg ulxltg ķ˅m `gzltgog zrlctcmloar ma¶ptrl ignflgrl-

L˅m pcgrg osl > a`taibrlc mc ķ˅mdrcztgi ķ˅izrcsmg `s igcptrso Pgblm Drgnal pzrcgcrazartso arg¶psosl- L˅m `sr˅ķmd gulamso mc rldl`g pzrc `crso ķ˅mptcogt; Bsdgzcptg pòlzcg

hap `g a zsxdcrlc dc ol`srl`l- Zcptc dasg arc gtcrlxgi og Bs`src¶ptl-

NCARNC CMCP@S ‐ @AIZAXLTARSO77

L˅m bgogmt¶g lzaptgxcoar isxl`goc goc osl Ncarnc Cmcp`s `sizgmg pc gzocg`g gm dcgm tat igl isot `gtrc àizaxltar- Dlrlharso/ ulaoamlptso/ igcptrso zcdgnan dculm/ `strc`crcg tlizsosl/ a gilmtlrc pgs pc zgptrcgxg ķ˅m rcgolxgrloc srig¶ploar/ ķ˅m urcic `c

77-’

Trlbsmg Raig˅mlcl‟/ 7 gsnspt 7<67-

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àizaxlt¶lloc pgoc ptrgos`cp` tat igl zstcrml`/ dcngh˅ķmds)¶pl ulrtst¶loc gblg g`si- Cptc ķ˅mrcg os`rsrloar-

@aizaxltarso Cmcp`s/ g`cgptg g eapt psecrlmt¶g igrcosl grtlpt; ķ˅m tlizso ulct¶ll ài)

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zaxltarso g eapt cptaizgt dc grtlptso ķ˅mps¶pl/ `s gsrg pg dc rgrlplig lmtcmpltgtc- @ai)

zaxltarso / lgtg trlptct¶cg gblg gp`smpg g isxl lgmsosl Cmcp`s; co g pzsp ķ˅m igl isotcrķ˅mdsrl `g ulagrg g eapt ķ˅m ulgt¶g)l dagr sm’

ngnmc)zglm‟ ¶pl g ķ˅mtgrlt grigt¶lg zrlm g`ccg`g ms g àizsp ml`l sm àm`crt dc ulagrg/ ml`l sm ptsdls/ ml`l sm eco dc zlcpc dc ulr)tsaxltgtc zsrg- Pzrc dcapcblrc dc Olpxt/ `grc g ngplt uaosztgtcg dc g p`rlc gt˅ķtcg zlcpczcmtrs zlgm/ smcoc dlm coc igl dcnrgbg matgtc dc zlgmlptso Olpxt dc`˅ķt àizspc dcàizaxltarso `s g`cog¶pl msic/ gsptcrso Cmcp`s ¶pl)g rcesxgt arl`c g`tlultgtc ķ˅m g`cgptgdlrc`t¶lc- @aizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog g eapt zcmtrs co

’pe˅ķmtg pmtcoar‟; g pcoc`tgt egrg ilog

zrazrlg pg zrads`t¶lc àizamlptl`g/ g¶pg ķ˅m`˅ķt zaptcrltgtcg c zspg ķ˅m pltsgt¶lg dc g `˅ķmtgos`rgrl egrg zcrilplsmcg gstarsosl-

L˅m rcgoltgtc/ Cmcp`s g eapt mcdrczt egt¶g dc’

ulagrg pg‟; `s plnsrgmt¶g `g co ms g`˅ķmtgt dagr zcmtrs g)¶pl `˅ķ¶ptlng z˅ķlmcg; g eapt datgt `s mcualg dc g `˅ķmtg icrcs ¶pl ms p)gzstst olzpl ml`ladgtg dc pgtlpeg`crcg g`cptcl mcual ķ˅mmgp`stc- L˅m zosp/ co g eapt ncmcrapdlm rc; egrg zcdgmtcrlc ¶pl egrg `gtgoangrl/ egrg pzlrlt àicr`lgo pgs dc ucdctg/ Cmcp`sg rlplzlt àm`crtcoc pgoc ķ˅m pgol zsbol`c ¶pl ķ˅m pcrgtc rcptr˅ķmpc/ g dlrlhgt ar`fcptrc/ g eg`st

cmari dc isotg isxl`g dc `gicrg ķ˅m tagtc ncmsrloc/ g gàizgmlgt zc got¶l isxl`lcml;`cr`ctgtarso `grc ķ˅m`cgr`g pg rcàmptltslc g`cgptg g`tlultgtc c dcxgrigt dc licmpltgtcgcl; zrabgblo `g cg ms)¶pl ngpc¶ptc zcrc`fc dc`ķ˅t ķ˅m g`tlultgtcg osl Olpxt-

@grlcrg dc lmtcrzrct mc psncrcgxg a gmgoanlc `s `glctcoc osl Cilmcp`s; ķ˅m `glctcocpgoc/ g`cptg ism`c¶ptc ms msigl zcmtrs plmc ķ˅mps¶pl/ co gplilocgxg zcmtrs ķ˅mtrcgng `sotsrgraig˅mcgp`g `s ķ˅mpctgrcg ¶pl ecbrloltgtcg rc`szcrgrll; og Cmcp`s pc abpcrug g`ccg¶pl pctc

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dc `smag¶ptcrc/ ķ˅m isxl`g- G`cgptg pctc rczcrtarlgog cptc lizartgmtg ms msigl zcmtrszgtrlg pg/ `l ¶pl zcmtrs Csrazg/ ķ˅mtrs`˅ķt Cmcp`s g eapt smso dlm igrll zgptrgtarl dc`sotsrg isxl`gog gl àmtlmcmtsosl- Icmsflm g psbolmlgt `g igcptrso pgs ms g eapt dagrsm `smap`gtar go tglmcoar lmptrsicmtsosl `l pl go `sotsrll isxl`goc ògpl`c

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sm `smap`gtar go tglmcoar lmptrsicmtsosl/ `l ¶pl go `sotsrll isxl`goc ògpl`c-˅Lm tlizso ulct¶ll pgoc/ àizaxltarso g eapt cptaizgt ¶pl dc egztso `g ķ˅m ocngtsrloczraecplamgoc pgs pa`lgoc pc igmlecptg eagrtc zst¶lm `g gtgrc; dc `clogot¶l àizaxltarl crg

ocngt ms zrlm tcarll pgs `srcmtc cptctl`c ‐ ms g eg`st zgrtc dlmtr)sm nrsz àmptltslt ‐/`l zsr ¶pl plizos `g isxl`lgm; ķ˅m zrlulmt¶g g`cgptg pcigmg `s Igfocr

’dlrlharso‟- Ucdcg

tat/ `sma¶ptcg eagrtc isotc/ ķ˅mpg ms pc crlhg ķ˅m àizaxltar pgugmt ¶pl cvòsplu-

G`cptc lmàmucmlcmtc ¶pl)gs gust rcucrpso8 ķ˅m pzgtcoc g`tlultgt¶ll `srcmtc/ àizaxlta)rso os`rg `s ķ˅mucr¶psmgrc/ ecrlt dc mcualg pgs tcmtgt¶lloc a`gxlamgososl; g eapt p`stlt dc

abolngt¶lg dc g dg `slug os`rgrl ’og tliz‟- Dc gl`l/ ilngog trgugolsosl pgs/ plit¶so dcrgpzsmdcrc ķ˅mdrcztgt cvòsplu `gtrc ulltar-

Dg`g zcmtrs àmtcizargml àizaxltarso g eapt sibrlt dc `gtrc lmtcrzrct/ lgr g`cptgms o)g gpcrult `˅ķts¶pl dc zst¶lm/ àizaxltarso g eapt tats¶pl gd˅ķm` igr`gt dc lmtcrzrct-C a àmhsm`t¶lc ecrl`ltg ķ˅mtrc g`cgptg pltsgt¶lc ¶pl mgtsrg ķ˅mpg¶pl g grtcl osl zgtrsmpg dcpcmplbloltgtcg licdlgtg; lmtcrzrctso ms egrdcgxg os`rgrcg `s trs`srloc pgoc/ ms srigrc¶ptcg)l gp`smdc mcghsmpsrloc/ `l àmtrlbslc og pcmxgt¶lg dc zrapzct¶lic zc `grc a dcnghg cg &˅ķm

pcmp zl`tsrgo; mc`cpltgtcg dc g `lxcog/ ķ˅ibangt¶l/ zcrec`t¶lamg mc gilmtc¶ptc dc Bammgrd/`grc/ dszg dc`cmll/ ķ˅m`g igl sibog `s zcmpsog zrlm zl`tsrloc pgoc dlm isxcc; ķ˅m Cmcp`strglg egrg ķ˅mdalgog ¶pl sm zl`tar,-

Gi uarblt igl psp dc mcgzgrtcmcmt¶g pg og `srcmtc; co ms ¶pl)g gmcvgt ml`ladgtggrtg urcsmsl `srcmt gmsic/ dgr g àisml`gt `s isotc dlmtrc coc- L˅m`g igl lmtcrcpgmtcdc`˅ķt lmflscmt¶coc zrliltc ķ˅m zcrlagdg dc earigrc ¶pl tlmcrct¶c psmt uc`lmgtgt¶loc osl `s

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gpzc`tc rc`cmtc goc grtcl pcàososl VV; gi ķ˅m ucdcrc gzrazlcrcg/ zrlm àizocvltgtc/ dcGobgm Bcrn/ àizocicmtgrltgtcg `s Bgrtak/ ulxlsmcg pg gpszrg ictgbaolpisosl Cpt)Ucpt- Cmcp`s cptc dczgrtc dc `ccg `c p)gr zstcg msil lmtcoc`tsgolpi pgs àmptrs`tlulpiķ˅m isxl`g; dgr isxl`g pg ugdcptc a lmtcoc`tsgoltgtc psbhg`cmtg; zgrtltsrloc osl zrcxlmtg

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ķm isxl`g; dgr isxl`g pg ugdc¶ptc a lmtcoc`tsgoltgtc psbhg`cmtg; zgrtltsrloc osl zrcxlmtglizrcplamgmtc pszrgzsmcrl dc ptrgtsrl `sotsrgoc-

Tlizso os`rcgxg zcmtrs àizaxltarso Cmcp`s- Gtsm`l `˅ķmd gpzc`tcoc zgplamgoc goclptarlcl isxl`ll pc uar gtcmsg/ `˅ķmd `crtsrloc `srcmtcoar pc uar daiaol/ lgr ugoagrcg ugrgiķ˅mc ķ˅m ptgrc zsrg/ ògpl`g/ Cmcp`s ug gds`c igrtsrlg smcl igrl zcrpamgoltgt¶l/ dgr ¶plzc g`ccg g ķ˅mtrcnll `sotsrl raig˅mc¶ptl/ zgrtl`lz˅ķmd og fgrtg ugoarloar pzlrltsgoc dc zrlirgmn dlm smlucrpgoltgtc- Zra`cpso cptc ķ˅m `srp dc dcpeg¶psrgrc-

@ULMTCTSO AZSP 2< DC NCARNC CMCP@S 72

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Ncarnc Cmcp`s/ àizaxltarso mgp`st og Olucml/ igrcoc ulrtsax go ularll/ rcpzlrg/isxl`goicmtc uarblmd/ zrlm isxl`g dc `gicrg; co m)g eapt lpzltlt pg p`rlc àm`crtcbrlgmtc zcmtrs paolpt/ lgr igharltgtcg os`rgrloar pgoc gzgrt¶lmc ncmsosl isxl`ll dc `gicrg/gdl`g ncmsosl `co igl grlpta`rgtl`/ `cosl igl rcxcrugt dlm isxl`g csrazcgmg- G eaptdcptlmso g`cptsl s dc gnrl`sotar iaodaucgm pg c smso dlm igrll zgptrgtarl gl trgdlt¶lclisxl`goc csrazcmc- Dc zc og u˅ķrptg dc xc`c gml g `˅ķmtgt ķ˅m ùgrtctc/ trlasrl/ dsasrl pgsgotc earigt¶ll dc `gicrg; `s tlizso/ Cmcp`s dcucml a ķ˅mtrs`flzgrc g trgdlt¶lcl isxl`ll

72- Tcvt lmcdlt &7<62,-

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dc `gicrg/ g¶pg ķ˅m`˅ķt/ `s nrcs zstcgl ngpl ķ˅m Csrazg `cosl dc go dalocg zgtrgr dlm g`cptpcào àizaxltarl igl zgtrsm¶pl dc pzlrltso g`cptcl igrl isxl`l-

@ulmtctso zcmtrs àgrdc ¶pl zlgm azsp 2< gzgrc taìgl ķ˅m go dalocg zgtrgr dc ucg`-D o ˖ lo o l C l l d t˖ ˖ l ˅ d ˖ t d bl l

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Dcpzrc os`rgrloc osl Cmcp`s ms c ml`ladgtg s¶par pg pzsl `˅ķmd p)gs mgp`st; dc abl`cl/

tcicoc isxl`goc pc zlcrd zc smdcug zrlm tlmcrct¶c/ dg`g ms ķ˅m àzlogrlc/ lgr azcrg ķ˅mpg¶plcptc a ocmtg dgr mgugoml`g pzarlrc g ldcloar lmlt¶lgoc- Trgugolso/ zcrplptcmt ¶pl icrcs og`god/ zgrc `g ms grc pe˅ķr¶plt/ zķ˅mg `˅ķmd gstarso ms fatgrg¶ptc/ ķ˅m mc/ `g os`rgrcg cptcngtg ¶pl `g zagtc grgtgtg zsbol`sosl; dcpzrc smcoc os`rgrl goc pgoc/ agicmll dlm zrcghigigcptrsosl pspt¶lm `g dc egzt Cmcp`s ms oc àmpldcrg ķ˅m`g

’tcrilmgtc‟/ dc¶pl zcrec`t¶lsmcg

oar ¶pl bangt¶lg dctgolloar psmt sliltagrc-

L˅m `ccg `c zrluc¶ptc ùlmtctso azsp 2</ a plmnsrg lmdl`gt¶lc dgtg dc gstar gtcptg dgtg

àizsmcrll; og pe˅ķr¶pltso zrlicl zgrt¶l ķ˅m zgrtltsrg ptg p`rlp; ’Plmglg)Osilml¶p/ 24 Pcz)tcibrlc 7<4:‟-

’Osilml¶p‟ cptc g`cg `gpg dlm @sizgtso ķ˅m `grc Cmcp`s g àizsp/ g

`˅ķmtgt ¶pl ¶pl)g zrlilt gdcpcg zrlctcmll- @ulmtctso azsp 2< cptc dc`l a os`rgrc dlm gzra)zlcrcg u˅ķrptcl dc 5: dc gml/ dgtg og lucgog dsz˖ g

’Pamgtg g LLL)g/ ķ˅m `grg`tcr zazsogr

raig˅mcp`‟/ dszg’

Acdlz‟/ dszg Psltg g LLL)g/ pgtcgp`g- Adgtg igl isot Cmcp`s rculmcog smg dlm earigt¶lloc dc `gicrg ķ˅m `grc zst¶lml àizaxltarl dc pcgig igl p`rlgs `gtrcilhoa`so pcàososl maptrs; cptc earigt¶lg `grc ķ˅l cua`g/ zrlm igrloc cvcizoc goc ncmsosl/

igl gocp zc P`fsbcrt/ P`fsigmm/ Brgfip ¶pl isxl`g osl Cmcp`s ptg blmc gogtsrl dcg`cptc igrl iadcoc- Zrlm mct¶cg ¶pl ķ˅m`gr`gtsrg zgnlmll/ isxl`g osl t˅ķrxlc dc `gicrgcptc gzragzc dc g`ccg g smar Egsrc ¶pl Gobgm Bcrn- Cg cptc dc a zolmgtgtc rgr ķ˅mt˅ķomltg¶pl grc a gtiapecrg lmliltgblog-

Isxl`g g`cgptg cptc aiancmg ķ˅m `goltgtcg cl; ml`l sm iaicmt isxl`go ms grc mc)ualc dc `˅ķrhg `coar zrc`cdcmtc pgs srigtagrc zcmtrs g pc pspt¶lmc; tagtc gs zrazrlg oar

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ersispct¶c/ rcpzlrg/ trglcp`-

Cmcp`s zsmc a zgsxg og ilhoa`so g`cptcl os`rgrl `grc dsrcgxg 0> dc ilmstc- @cocdasg zgrt¶l &˅ķmpcimgtc dc gstar `s `lerc raigmc, pc daucdcp` g / c`grc og r˅ķmdso pgs/earigtg dlm dasg zgrtl Dc egzt `coc dasg zgrtl psmt lmcngoc; zrlig cptc igl osmng pl

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earigtg dlm dasg zgrt¶l- Dc egzt `coc dasg zgrt¶l psmt lmcngoc; zrlig cptc igl osmng ¶plptg ‐ `g dsrgtg ‐ ķ˅m rgzart bamg``lgm `s g dasg zgrtc igrc g os`rgrll-

Ellmd aiancmc/ `si gi igl pzsp/ ķ˅m `goltgtc ¶pl gtiapecrg/ og gp`sotgrcg oar lmtrldlrc`t ķ˅m psbptgmt¶g- Dc og ķ˅m`czst ulpcxl `s a`fll dcp`fl¶pl- Cptc sm pspzcmpc go pa¶pcmlcl-Lmtrl ķ˅m trc`st8 ķ˅m àzlogrlg grtlptsosl/ ķ˅m gilmtlrloc zrazrlcl isxl`l g osl Cmcp`s/ ķ˅mtlmcrct¶cg ncmsosl isxl`ll dc `gicrg- Ucl zg¶pl tat tlizso ķ˅m u˅ķreso zl`lagrcoar/ zcmtrs`g zcptc tat psmt àiarl dc psmctc cpcmt¶lgoc/ dc mcpzspg ersispct¶c/ iķ˅mn˅ķlagpc/ drgnl¶pl gzrazlgtc psflctsosl tgs/ zc `grc oc ucl zrlil `s picrcmlc-

@coc dasg zrlic zgrt¶l àmtazltc ms dlecrg isot ķ˅mtrc coc zrlm tciza; pc trc`c dcog’

àm iata iaota iadcrgta‟ og’

gmdgmtc paptcmsta c `gmtgbloc‟; c sm eco dc ocmtgàbar˅ķrc ķ˅mtr)a osic urghltg g sibrcoar- Iaicmtcoc dc gizoagrc psmt ¶pl coc olzpltcdc dsrltgtc/ `gtlecogtc agrc`si; àgrdcoc psmt ķ˅m zcrigmcmtg ķ˅izoctlrc ķ˅mtrc coc lgrgmpgiboso oar/ ķ˅m ķ˅izoctlrc `s zlgmso- Rcxsotgmtg cptc pzocmdldg-

LL

Dg`g zgrtcg L)g g ùlmtctsosl azsp 2< dc Cmcp`s `szrlmdc sm goocnra ¶pl sm gdgnla/ķ˅m zgrtcg g LL)g ngpli sm p`fcrxa ¶pl sm mgo- @lòso grc dc`l a ptrs`tsrg trgdlt¶lamgogògpl`g/ ķ˅mpg msigl zgrt¶lgo/ msigl ķ˅m lmtcmt¶lc/ `g`l ķ˅m egzt ngpli ¶pl trgpgtsrl dlptlm`tlucgoc pcàososl VV ¶pl goc osl Cmcp`s zcrpamgo- Gpteco/ zgsxg dlmtrc zrlicoc ¶pl sotlicoc dasgzgrt¶l/ grtl`sogt¶lg g`cgptg zstcrml`g mc psncrcgxg ķ˅m àm`czt¶lc a gzrazlcrc dc grfltc`tsrg

·

àm`crtcoar zcmtrs ulagrg dc Gobgm Bcrn ¶pl Dliltrl P¶aptgkaul`l; àmptltsltc ķ˅m g`cog¶pleco/ gr `g sm raigm ķ˅m dasg uaosic/ `grc og r˅ķmdso oar pc psbķ˅izgrt ķ˅m zgrt¶l lmtcrlagrc-Grtl`sogt¶lloc &ķ˅m lmtcrlarso zgrt¶loar igrl ¶pl ķ˅m pcnicmtcoc dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl il`l,/ psmt ķ˅mpgpzc`l` cmcp`lcmc; coc ms gs mlil` brstgo; psmt ògrc/ dlptlm`tc og a g dasg gsdltlc/ dgr

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pzc`l` cmcp`lcmc; coc ms gs mlil` brstgo; psmt ògrc/ dlptlm`tc og a g dasg gsdlt¶lc/ dgrķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz gs a gmsiltg iaol`lsmc/ a ratsmhlic `c mc trliltc `s nķ˅mdso og tlizso

g`cog osmn)ramd/ msilt gdcpcg og mal ’ilarltl`‟- G`cptc grtl`sogt¶ll psmt lmtli ocngtc dcķ˅mpg¶pl psbptgmt¶g isxl`ll/ dc s¶pagrg cl gbsolc/ dc g`co gbgmdam pzc`l`/ dc trlptct¶cg clulpgtagrc `grc ms ķ˅izgrtc osicg ķ˅m gob ¶pl mcnrs/ `l a ucdc `g a mcpe˅ķr¶pltg gicptc`grc gtstsrar psbptgmt¶coar- Psrzrlmdci gl`l ocngtsrg dlmtrc àmptrs`t¶lc ¶pl pcmtlicmt/ dlmtrc`grgzg`c ¶pl lmtcrlar-

L˅mtr)gdcugr/ olibg isxl`gog g osl Cmcp`s/ ķ˅m igrcg cl àizocvltgtc/ ms grc mlil`

rgdl`go; gbsrso dcgosrloar mgtgoc/ egric`so pgoagmcoar isxl`goc goc Zgrlpsosl ¶pl zl`gtsrldlm `coc igl tgrl ¶pl paptl`gtc cpcmt¶c dc isxl`g ògpl`g esxlamcgxg ķ˅mtr)sm golgh bangt¶pl psbptgmt¶lgo ‐ mas/ mcrczctgblo ¶pl lmliltgblo- L˅m pzgtcoc g`cptcl isxl`l ptg a ulxlsmcķ˅mt¶cocgztg gpszrg ulct¶ll ¶pl grtcl; cptc ldccg `g ķ˅m grtg `g ¶pl ķ˅m ulgt¶g/ cpcmt¶coc ms pc cvòsdrc`lzra`; coc zat àcvlptg/ àmtazlmds)pc ķ˅m mal earic mc`cpgrc ¶pl trglml`c/ arlnlmgrc-Dcplnsr `g zcmtrs g rc`cztg a gpcicmcg isxl`g trcbslc pg gl ts ķ˅mpst¶l a ogrnlic dcpsflct ¶pl dc àm`czt¶lc- G¶p zstcg pzsmc `flgr `g zsbol`so/ ldccg dc isxl`g ķ˅mpg¶pl trcbslc

pg pc igtsrlxcxc zcmtrs g ghsmnc og ptrgtsrloc igl gdķ˅m`l goc osl Cmcp`s-P`fcrxaso `s `grc dcbstcgxg g`cgptg igrc zgrtc g LL)g grc `cug eagrtc pzc`lgo ¶pl

g`cpt `cug ms tc lxbc¶ptc `s zrg¶ptlg ķ˅m ersmtc/ `l zgrc mcogisrlt/ ķ˅o dcpos¶pc¶ptl gblgrcgp`sot˅ķmds)o pgs rcn˅ķmdlmds)tc og co- Grc `grg`tcrso dc ha`/ gnlo/ dgr ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tlizpap- Cptc ķ˅m co a igrc dcol`gtct¶c ¶pl a gmsiltg lm`crtltsdlmc- P`fcrxasrloc osl Bcctfaucmzgr nrcaglc pgs zrcg rc`tlolmll ķ˅m rgzart `s g`cpt p`fcrxgmda dc ulp/ ķ˅m `grc tc ògtlml

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og c`grc il¶p`grc- P`rlltsrg isxl`gog grc `g ¶pl ķ˅m rcptso os`rgrll’

zarll dcp`fl¶pl‟/ cgzgrc pcmplblog ¶pl zrliltagrc zc tagtg ķ˅mtlmdcrcg- @s tagtc `g cvlptg ¶pl zgpghc tat iglķ˅mtlmpc ķ˅m eartc zrcngtlmd ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg mgoso zrazrls)xlp/ p`fcrxaso àmtlmsg isxl`g¶pagztcoar/ g`co dcol`gt patta ua`c cmcp`lgm dlm zrlicoc zgrt¶l goc ùlmtctsosl ¶pl dlm gt˅ķtcg

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¶ z / z z ¶ ¶os`rgrl lizartgmtc goc sotlicl zcrlagdc-

Isxl`g ¶paztltg cptc smg dlm zrlm`lzgococ `grg`tcrlptl`l goc sotlisosl Cmcp`s ¶pl àm)ptltslc `cug `s tatso pzc`lgo ķ˅m grtg isxl`gog; isxl`g dc gugmngrdg dlm sotlicoc dc`cmllg ķ˅m`cr`gt og sm iaicmt dgt a gpcicmcg isxl`g ¶paztltg; og Cmcp`s g`cgptg ms cptc ķ˅mpgrcxsotgtso smcl lmucptlngt¶ll dcolbcrgtc/ `l cvzrcplg smcl ptgrl/ a gtltsdlmc zrazrlc; zc eam)dso g`cptg gt˅ķt dc dlp`rct/ il`loc pgotsrl/ nolppgmdcoc/ ptg``gtcoc/ matcoc psrzrlmxgtagrcol`grlmd ķ˅m flgncaoctc tc trgmpzartg ķ˅m osicg il`loar ncptsrl pzamtgmc goc àzlogrlcl- Ms

cvlptg gl`l `ltgtc zazsogrc ¶pl ml`l lmucmt¶lc dlrc`t eaoòarl`g/ `g ķ˅m Pamgtg g LLL)g zcmtrsulagrg ¶pl zlgm/ dgr g`cgptg ms eg`c dc`˅ķt pg ¶ptcgrng àmtsrsrloc g`coclg¶pl osil/ zc `grca ucdci zgr`g zrlmtr)sm ncgi gbsrlt-

Elmgoso zrazrls)xlp pc àmptltslc ķ˅m àmtrgpt egt¶g dc tagtc zgrt¶loc gmtcrlagrc zrlm`grg`tcrso pgs osilmap ¶pl dlmgil`/ losptrgt ¶pl zrlm tamgoltgtcg Og ig har- Trc`crcg `gtrcmgo grc nrlhg ķ˅mpg dc g gtcmsg arl`c àmtrgpt gbrszt; mgoso gzgrc trcztgt/ griamllocmsigl `s tlizso olizcxcp` masg tamgoltgtc/ lgr tcizaso rgiķ˅mc g`cog¶pl &˅ķm zgrtltsrg

pc zrc`lxcgxg8 ’o“lptcppa tciza‟,-@grg`tcrso isxl`ll cptc f¦gmdcolgm; cptc a isxl`g liml`g/ dcp`flp cesxlug/ `s gosrg

mcaògpl`g ¶pl ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz dgmpgmtg/ zazsogrg- Cmcp`s g rcucmlt gdcpcarl og g`cpt ecodc lignlmc isxl`gog; ķ˅m`g dlm A`tctso p`rlp ķ˅m zrlig tlmcrct¶c/ g`cgptg gtltsdlmc ptcml`gcptc smso dlm rcercmcoc `rcgt¶lcl pgoc- @ulmtctso pc tcrilmg zrlmtr)a gzatcaxg; cptc azcrargt¶lc bo˅ķmdg ¶pl mablog/ `g a sizocrc g zogiķ˅mloar `s gcr zragpzgt ¶pl a dcp`fldcrc

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igrc g a`floar ngtg dc g ucdcg mal ersispct¶l goc osill-

ULGTG PL AZCRG OSL CDNGR UGR jCPC 70

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U ¶ P¶ A R S N R U R P

Zcmtrs Cdngr Ugrjcpc gmso “6: g eapt ¶pl gmso :- @aizaxltarso dc rcxlptcmtg cra)l`g ¶pl zrlm`lzlgoltgtc cmtsxlgptg/ g `grsl tlmcrct¶c zcrzctsg gucg pg c pgrbgtarltg ķ˅mķ˅mtrcgng osic og ķ˅m`czst dc u˅ķrptg zgtrlgrfgog/ g isrlt ķ˅m zrgnso gmlucrpgrll g 6: dcgml- @am`crtcoc gmlucrpgrc gs dcucmlt ¶pl àiciargtluc- Og eco ‐ cilplsmcg magptrg-

@aizaxltar dc tcizcrgicmt ltgolgm/ dc `sotsrg ergm`cxg/ dc cmcrnlc ¶pl anolmdlrcgicrl`gmc/ Ugrjcpc p)g mgp`st og Zgrlp ķ˅m dc`cibrlc 7663- Og u˅ķrptg dc < gml ķ˅¶pl sricgxgzgrlmt¶ll og Tarlma- Zrlill 0: dc gmll gl osmnll pgoc ulct¶l gs àmptltslt a ķ˅mtlmpg zcrlagdgdc g`sisogrl ¶pl ncptgt¶ll- Zgrlmt¶ll l)gs darlt a earigt¶lc ¶ptllmt¶l`g8 Zaoltcfml`g- Ugrjcpc pcazsmc; ercùcmtcgxg smcarl tcgtrso dc azcrg/ `˅ķmtg og lmptrsicmtc dc zcr`st¶lc ķ˅m ar`fcp)trg- Ptsdlgxg griamlg ¶pl àmtrgzsm`t `s Baoxaml/ dlrc`tar go àmpcrugtarsosl- Og u˅ķrptgdc 7< gml rculmc og Zgrlp smdc ug ķ˅mugt¶g isxl`g og P`faog @gmtarsi `s Ulm`cmt d“Lmd|¶pl Rasppco; gzal og àmpcrugtar `s Igppcmct ¶pl ^ldar; psmt `cl igl bsml zcdgnanl gl urc)ill- Dgr zc o˅ķmng ògpg ķ˅m `grc ķ˅mugt¶g/ ķ˅m àmpcrugtar ¶pl igl gocp gogtsrl dc àmpcrugtar/Ugrjcpc dcpàzcrg ersispct¶loc isxl`ll icdlcugoc ¶pl bgra`c/ dculmc sm bsm `smap`gtar ¶plzrct¶sltar go isxl`ll àrgoc zrcògpl`c; gdilrg zc igrll grtl¶ptl/ mc`smap`st¶l ķ˅m`g/ gl cza)`ll8 Zl`gppa/ Gzaoolmglrc/ Iadlnolgml- C ķ˅m àrcpzamdcmt¶g `s Dcbspp|- Raiglm Raoogmdķ˅o ķ˅mt˅ķomc¶ptc ķ˅m 7<7:- L˅mtr)a àrcpzamdcmt¶g g pg `s Pag)Nslcrrlcrl)Namxgng/ RaiglmRaoogmd p`rlc8

’Il)g ucmlt xlococ gptcg sm go dalocg Hcgm)@rlptazfc- C sm ai gdilrgblo

70- Cilplsmc og Rgdla Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅m 7<55-

·

dc ersiap/ igrc/ `s sm pzocmdld zgr mcnrs/ a`fl osilma¶pl/ nsrg lmtcolncmtg ¶pl cmcr)nl`g/ sm eco dc t˅ķmgr Bcctfaucm ltgolgm/ zl`tgt dc Nlarnlamc- M)grc dc`˅ķt 23 dc gml---dc zc og 73 gml `strclcrg Csrazg- dgr os`rso `co igl gisxgmt ķ˅m ķ˅mt˅ķomlrcg magptrg csrigtarso8 Ugrjcpc c zc `goc dc g p`rlc sm

’Ngrngmtsg‟/ zaci plieaml`; arl/ taìgl

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<3

g`si Hcgm)@rlptazfc go ics p`rlc g`cog¶pl os`rs; pg igl pzsl `g g`cgptg `grtc g icg c

sm raigm‟---

L˅o rcàigmdg `s `godsrg osl Rl`fgrd Ptrgspp- Dc egzt Ugrjcpc zgrgplpc Zgrlpso ķ˅m`gdlm 7<:>; ug trgl > gml og Bcrolm- Espcpc/ zcmtrs g pc ķ˅mtrct¶lmc/ blbolatc`gr og P`faog @gm)tarsi/ dlrlhgpc sm àr go Smlucrpltgt¶ll Zazsogrc dlm Zgrlp; a bsrpg grtlptl`g

’Zrcilso

arg¶psosl Zgrlp‟ ķ˅o pspt¶lmspc ¶pl cg a urcic-

G`si/ og Bcrolm dlrlhg’

P|izfamlp`fcr @far‟/ pzc`lgolxgt ķ˅m isxl`g Cusosl Icdls/

Rcmg¶ptcrll ¶pl Bgra`sosl- Zcmtrs g trgl/ eg`cg ¶pl icpcrlg dc àzlpt- Sm zaci plieamlgo pgs’

Basrnanmc‟ pc `˅ķmtg og Bcrolm/ dgtarltg lmtcrucmt¶lcl osl Rl`fgrd Ptrgspp- Eg`c`sma¶ptlmt¶g `s Igfocr; ķ˅m àogbargrc `s Fsna uam Faigmptfgo/ os`rcgxg `˅ķt¶lug gml ogazcrg

’Acdlz ¶pl Pmvso‟- Zocg`g og Zrgng smdc ug dlrlhg sm àm`crt `s zrlig gsdlt¶lc

g’

Igrtlrlsosl Pe˅ķmtsosl Pcbgptlgm‟ dc Dcbspp|- Ecrrs``la Bspaml ķ˅l zrads`c a igrclizrcplc zrlm ldcloc pgoc/ gu˅ķmd z˅ķmg dczgrtc ķ˅m tliz gpszrg)l a dcapcbltg zstcrc dcpsncptlc lmtcoc`tsgog; `g ¶pl Ugrjcpc/ Bspaml crg sm ulxlamgr/ egrg g pc zstcg ķ˅mpg rcgolxg

ķ˅m psmctc-’

@˅ķmtc`so tlmcrloar‟/’

Basrnanmc‟/’

Icfr Ol`ft‟/’

Ngrngmtsg‟/’

Zrcosdls og smpe˅ķr¶plt dc xl‟ /

’@lòsrloc Mardsosl‟ ¶pl gotc os`rgrl psmt ers`tcoc g`cptar gml zrcolilmgrl;

tagtc ķ˅mpg uar dlptrspc pgs rgtg`ltc dc gstarso mcisot¶silt- L˅m rcgoltgtc Ugrjcpc à`cgldcl mal-

L˅m`g og 73 gml `ltlmd sm ptsdls dcpzrc igrcoc flsuls gerl`gm Xgibcxl/ ķ˅m `grc pc

·

uarbcg dcpzrc isotltsdlmcg `srcmtcoar pgoc/ Ugrjcpc ulpcgxg a trgmpistgrc zc zogm pamarg g`cptcl zaoleamll ulxsgoc- @ltcx igl dczgrtc dlm pzspcoc pgoc8

’Og u˅ķrptg dc 2: dc gml

gi ķ˅m`czst pg n˅ķmdcp` dcpzrc psmct `g dc a igtcrlc ulc `grc trcbslc tazltg olbcr dcrcptrl`t¶lloc grbltrgrc- Gi ¶ptlst `g ķ˅mtr)a xl ual rcgolxg sm mas eco dc isxl`g pzgt¶lgog ‐

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<5

¶pl dc gtsm`l i)gi n˅ķmdlt og isxl`g `g og sm os`rs pzgt¶lgo‟-

’Trgtgtso dcpzrc psmct‟ go osl Fcoifaotx ķ˅o lizrcplamcgxg ¶pl ķ˅l cua`g zrlm z˅ķmxg

ulpsrloar `s`crlrloc pgoc ulltagrc- Dgr Ugrjcpc ķ˅mt¶cocncg pg lmtcnrcxc isxl`ll/ grtcl g`cptculxlsml goc pgoc- L˅m 7<7> gdrcpķ˅mds)pc estsrl¶ptloar ltgolcml oc ug pzsmc8

’Dc `c rczrads`ct¶l

pcrulo trczldgt¶lg ulct¶ll magptrc àtldlcmc ķ˅m `ccg `c grc cg pszcr`lgo ¶pl hcmgmt1 Cs ulpcxlmptrsicmtc/ da`loc n˅ķmdlrll ¶pl `grc zrlmtr)a ķ˅mflarlrc dc tlibrc mcbgmsltg pc uar zrctgàiblmgt¶lloar zc `grc ķ˅il ug zog`c g oc lizsmc ¶pl pc uar pszsmc `crlmt¶coar rltisosl icslmtcrlar‟-

Arl`si/ ķ˅m zrcghig rgxbalsosl iamdlgo Ugrjcpc/ ķ˅m àmtg`t `s g`c¶ptl agicml/ `sg`cptc ldcl/ `s g`cptc ulpsrl/ dcucml/ `si pzsmc dcpzrc plmc ķ˅mps¶pl/

’sm eco dc Zgrplego

dlgbaol` ķ˅m `gstgrcg ms g peķ˅mtsosl Nrggo/ `l g baibcl `grc ug eg`c pg cvzoadcxc osicgisxl`gog zcrilt¶˅ķmd pg lmtrc ķ˅m brc¶pg tagtc psmctcoc ‐ psmctc `grc zc gtsm`l pc msicgsxnaiatc‟---

Dca`gidgtg ķ˅mpg gucgs pg cvzoadcxc baibcoc zrlisosl rgxbal iamdlgo- Ugrjcpc

lmtrg ķ˅m grigtg ¶pl dszg `˅ķtcug osml/ baomgu/ c rcearigt- L˅m dc`cibrlc 7<73/ taìgl`˅ķmd ķ˅izolmc¶ptc 0: dc gml/ pc ķ˅ibgr`g og Bardcgsv zcmtrs Gicrl`g- Trc`c a`cgmso `gsm @aosib go zrazrlloar pgoc Gicrl`l lmtcrlagrc zc `grc ķ˅mpg oc ug dcpàzcrl igl t˅ķrxls-Pc istg dcmltlu ķ˅m Gicrl`g; dculmc àizaxltar gicrl`gm-

’Gi msilt &&Gicrl`l,,

ķ˅mt˅ķlg os`rgrc zc `grc gi p`rlp)a gl`l ‐ pzsmc Ugrjcpc ‐ c sm tltos zsr pcmtlicmtgo‟-

@aizspg ķ˅mtrc 7<76 ¶pl 7<27 zcmtrs a ar`fcptrg dc 702 dc zcrpagmc/ os`rgrcg’

Gic)

·

rl`l‟ ug cvc`stgtg gblg ķ˅m 7<25 dc `gtrc Ocazaod Ptaka~pkl `s ar`fcptrg dlm Zflog)dcozflg- Cmtsxlgpt/ Ptaka~pkl ug eg`c ¶pl zrlig gsdlt¶lc g gotar dasg os`rgrl `cocbrc gocosl Ugrjcpc ‐

’Lmtcnrgocp‟ &7<23, ¶pl

’Gr`gmg‟ &7<2>,-

Dczgrtc dc g gmgfarct/ Ugrjcpc ķ˅¶pl `gstg raptso pa`lgo- L˅m 7<7> Ugrjcpc dlrlhcgxg˅

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’

Rcùlciso‟ dc Bcrolax ķ˅m

’

Iciarlg iart¶loar tstsrar mgt¶lsmloar‟- Lm 7<7< ķ˅mlmt¶cgxg

’Masg Ar`fcptrg Plieaml g‟ zcmtrs g cvc`stg os`rgrloc pcàososl VV- L˅m 7<27 ķ˅m)tciclgxg a pa`lctgtc ‐

’Nslodg Lmtcrmgt¶lamgog g @aizaxltarloar‟ `grc pc ug ķ˅mnrlhl

dc zraiaugrcg isxl`ll mal/ zrcxcmt˅ķmd ķ˅m Gicrl`g zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg dgtg àizaxltarl `gBgrtak/ ^cbcrm/ Pgtlc/ Ilofgsd/ Famcnncr- &˅Lm 7<43 g`cgptg pa`lctgtc ug osg ķ˅m nrlhg pgķ˅miariķ˅mtgrcg osl Bgrtak `grc isrlpc pgrg`-, Tat ķ˅m 7<27 Ugrjcpc zsbol`gpc igmlecptso

’@aizaxltarso rcesxg pg iagrg‟- G eapt a zcrlagdg cral`g ķ˅m `grc lmps``cpcoc ms o)gs

lmtlildgt-

Zsbol`so gicrl`gm g `smap`st zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg dgtg a os`rgrc dc Ugrjcpc ķ˅m 7<22/ gtsm`l`ķ˅md p)gs `ķ˅mtgt

’Aergmdcoc‟/ dasg `˅ķmtc`c zcmtrs pazrgma/ ar`fcptrg il`g ¶pl zcr`st¶lc-

Pc msicp`’

@˅ķmtc` dc Psp‟ ¶pl go dalocg ‐’

@rs`cg Psdsosl‟- Pg gp`sotgi’

@ķ˅mtc dcPsp‟ &

’@fgmpam dc ojg) fgst‟,

Pcmg dagric)m sibrg dc zadsrl-Zgiķ˅mtso ķ˅o ugd ķ˅muķ˅rtlmds)pc-

Dc)gl`l il)grsm` zstcrcgTr˅ķiblt¶coar zcptc igrloc tagtc---

L˅m srig graicoar tgocGosmc`g goblmc/ `sulmtc/Rcnlmg g xarloar gobl/ barcgol/Raxg g u˅ķmtsrloar dc tagimg---

·

@c zgpgrc)il `˅ķmtgZrlm n˅ķmdsrl ¶pl tlizsrl---

’Tltosrloc icoc ms psmt nfld ķ˅m isxl`g‟/ p`rlc Ugrjcpc-

’@co isot rcflc`tg ldcl/ pgs

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<6

’Tltosrloc icoc ms psmt nfld ķm isxl`g / p`rlc Ugrcpc-

’@co isot rcflc`tg ldcl/ pgs

ciat¶ll/ psblc`tc `grc ig lmtcrcpgs ķ˅m tlizso àizsmcrll- Arl`c ldcl gr àmptltsl ncmcxgsmcl os`rgrl; ķ˅m zra`cpso os`rsosl isxl g gbpagrbc tat `ccg `c ms cptc zsr isxl`go- Azgrtc dlm tltosrloc zlcpcoar icoc gs eapt dgtc dszg `c os`rgrcg crg tcrilmgtg/ gotcoc pclucgs ķ˅m tliz `c os`rgrcg crg tcrilmgtg/ gotcoc pc lucgs ķ˅m tliz `c os`rgi- Tltosrlocghstg og iciargrcg os`rgrll/ og `gtgoangrcg cl igl blmc dc`˅ķt sm azsp-‟

L˅m g`cgptg iadcptg dcògrgt¶lc pc grig a àm¶ptllmt¶g grtlptl`g pszcrlagrg-’

Flzcr)zrlpic‟/

’A`tgmdrc‟/

’Lmtcnrgocp‟/

’Gr`gmg‟/

’Lamlpgtlam‟/

’C`sgtarlgo‟/ ‐ àmptltslc

a rgegog dc os`rgrl goc osl Ugrjcpc `grc g cvzoadgt ķ˅m dc`srpso dc`cmlsosl `c g srigt-Dlmtrc g`cptcg/ dagr’

Gr`gmg‟ eaoapcg ar`fcptrg àizoctg ¶pl g`ccg `s azt àrml/ `lm`ltraizctc/ 02 dc ularl ct`- L˅m `cocogotc Ugrjcpc colilmg àgrdcoc àm`cmtr˅ķmds)pc gpszrglmptrsicmtcoar dc psflgt ¶pl zcr`st¶lcl-

L˅m’

A`tgmdrc‟ guci azt lmptrsicmtc dlmtrc `grc ¶pgztc psflgtarl ¶pl sm àmtrgbgp&dgr pg ms sltgi `g ķ˅m smcoc ar`fcptrc dc psflgtarl pc gdgsng arl`si àmtrgbgpso,-

’A`tamdrasp‟ c sm tcricm dc batgml`g8 `ccg `c grc azt zctgoc;

’A`tgmdrc‟ zgr igl

dcnrgbg mat¶lsml dlmtr)a ilmcrgoanlc lignlmgrg ¶pl ķ˅m gegrg dc gptg psmg ’tgmdrs‟- @stltosrloc pgoc Ugrjcpc mc ķ˅iblc ķ˅m osicg smar ¶ptllmt¶c/ zogmctc/ `lulolxgt¶ll egmtgptl`c/ tagtculaocmt àoargtc/ dcògm¶p˅ķmd cmcrnll mcbgmsltc; sizo˅ķmds)mc mgrloc dc graic zragpzctc/ptlisoķ˅mds)mc igrl cogmsrl/ gt¶˅ķt¶˅ķmds)mc lignlmgt¶lg-

@gmtlocmg abalsosl `grc lmtrads`c og’

A`tgmdrc‟ gr zstcg psrucml ¶pl ķ˅mtr)a zgptargogbcrolaxlgmg/ p)gr zstcg rcecrl dc gpcicmcg ¶pl og Dcbspp|/ ķ˅mpg g`l mc ds`c egrg nrc¶p ķ˅m

·

osicg g`stg/ zolmg dc tgmdrct¶c gpzrg ¶pl ulrlog g osl Ugrjcpc-

(

Iatlucoc lm`lpluc pl os`lagpc `g mlptc pgbll pc ķ˅m`rs`lpcgxg iamtķ˅mds pc ķ˅mtr a tcv

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<<

Iatlucoc lm`lpluc ¶pl os`lagpc `g ml¶ptc pgbll pc ķm`rs`l¶pcgxg/ iamtķmds)pc ķmtr)a tcv)

tsrg aiancmg/ ķ˅mtr)sm flsv egrg psrl- Dc egzt/ gmpgiboso aiancm go psflgtarloar cptctrgtgt dc Ugrjcpc `g sm àr ķ˅m pcmpso lmlt¶lgo ¶pl zrazrls go `suķ˅mtsosl- @g ic¶ptcr igrcgo rcnlptrcoar àrgoc/ Ugrjcpc ķ˅¶pl àmds`c ua`loc zrlmtr)a igrc isot¶lic dc àiblmgt¶ll/zatcmt¶˅ķmds)oc og cvtrci/ pàt¶˅ķmd cec`tc ilrg`soagpc-

Dc`gmtķ˅md ķ˅mpg dc tltos ¶pl dc cec`tc pamarc os`rgrloar osl Ugrjcpc/ rgiķ˅mc ķ˅mtatdcgsmgsm p˅ķibsrc lm`gmdcp`cmt ¶pl rcxlptcmt dc isxl`g gstcmtl`g-

’Lamlpgtlam‟ cptc ¶pl cg a zlcpg zcmtrs àr8 c uarbg g`l dc sm àr go lmptrsicmtcoar

dc zcr`st¶lc- 70 lmptrsicmtl¶ptl igmlzsocgxg 05 dc lmptrsicmtc zrlmtrc `grc ¶pl dasgplrcmc- Ugrjcpc mc lmtrads`c ķ˅m osicg smsl arg¶p lignlmgr- @aizaxltarso grgtg smdcug&¶pl g`cgptg c a ldcc `c g zsrtgt)a dc`cmll, `g lmptrsicmtcoc magptrc dc gptgxl psmtpogbc ¶pl oliltgtc/ ¶pl `g nrszgrcg oar ķ˅m ar`fcptrg

’c dczgrtc dc g zstcg rcdg `ccg

`c pcmplbloltgtcg zrcplitc ¶pl `crc‟-’

Bangt¶lg psmctcoar lmdsptrlgoc/ xnaiatcoc ptrgxloar¶pl zartsrloar magptrc/ xnaiatcoc dlm gcr gs p`flibgt ¶pl dcxuaotgt dcplnsr zcr`czt¶llocmagptrc gsdltluc‟-

Tat Ugrjcpc ķ˅mpg mc gucrtlxcgxg ķ˅m ocngtsrg `s ’Lamlpgtlam‟ `g ¶pl `s ķ˅mtrcgng pgisxl`g-

’Ms c mlil` dcp`rlztlu/ ml`l liltgtlu/ ml`l estsrlpt ķ˅m isxl`g icg- Os`rgrloc

icoc m)gs mlil` àism `s &&Tsrmgtarlg dc at¶co,, g osl Iapaoau/ ml`l `s &&Zg`l` 207,,

dc Famcnncr‟-

(

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Dc¶pl os`rgrcg gp`sotgtg &’

Lamlpgtlam‟, grc a earig’

mcògpl`g‟/ ¶pl’

mcmgrgtlug‟/gzgrlt¶lg òazatcoar ķ˅iblmgtc `s zlgm dgs ķ˅m`fclcrll os`rgrll sm `grg`tcr dc czloan/ smgpzc`t dc rcxaougrc/ sm pcmp dc dcp`gr`grc g cmcrnlcl- Trcbslc pg rcigr`gi dc gpcicml`g Ugrjcpc grc a lmtslt¶lc egrg nrc¶p g tlizsosl isxl go/ zrazart¶lamķ˅mds)¶pl os`rgrcg ķ˅m

e o ˅ t˅ t t tl l t ˖ ˅ tl ˖ l e˖ ˖ o˖bl @lt U j

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7::

g¶pg eco ķm`ķt `gztgrcg gtcmt¶lcl magptrc rgiķmc àmtlmsg ¶pl egrg pogblrc- @ltcx zc Ugrcpc8

’Earig cptc rcxsotgtso smsl zra`cp- Elc`grc dlm os`rgrloc icoc ķ˅¶pl dcpàzcrg zrazrlgearig‟-

Uai gp`sotg g`si’

F|zcrzrlpic‟ ‐ os`rgrcg dlm g`ccg¶pl zcrlagdg/ p`rlpg zcmtrspsflgtarl ¶pl zcr`st¶lc- G`cog¶pl mcru coc`trl` ptrgbgtc ķ˅mtrcgng zlcpg- Zcr`st¶lg cptc trgtgtgàm`crtgmt/ ķ˅m tatgog lmdczcmdcmt¶g egt¶g dc psflgtarl- Rcxsotg sm àmtrgzsm`t dc aulal`lsmc rgr ķ˅mtķ˅omltg; ķ˅m`rs`l¶pgrcg smar iatluc rcolcegtc zrlm àmtrgzsmcrl dc `rcp`cmdl‐ dcp`rcp`cmdl/ a eareatg g ilhoag`coar dc gtg` &dc og psmctcoc

’

pisopc‟ z˅ķmg og `coc

cilpc `s dcol`gtct¶c,/ `rccgxg sm ds)tc)ulma smltgr ¶pl ptrgos`ltar/ dc a àcrcmt¶g `c pcķ˅izo˅ķmtg ķ˅m iciarlg egrg zstlmt¶g dc g pc ¶ptcrnc-

(

Lgtg `c p`rlc sm eagrtc `smap`st `rltl` isxl`go zgrlplgm/ Ciloc Usloocriax/ dsz gcvc`stgrcg

’Lmtcnrgocoar‟ og Zgrlp ķ˅m 7<078

’@s tat tltoso ¶ptllmt¶l`/ g`cgptg os`rgrc ms

cptc lizgplblog ¶pl zsr `crcbrgog- Dlm tagtc `coc `˅ķtc p)gs `˅ķmtgt rc`cmt/ cg cptc zagtc

`cg igl zraesmd sigmg--- Cdngrd Ugrjcpc mc eg`c pg zrcplit¶li a grtg masg/ sm iad dccvzrcplc mc`smap`st ķ˅m`g--- Ms ķ˅mt¶cocn dc `c p)g ķ˅m`cr`gt g pc eg`c g`cptcl isxl`l egligsmcl cvtrgugngmt¶c gnrcpluc- &&Lmtcnrgocp,, ms lcp ml`l sm iaicmt dlm `cr`so ecric`gt goisxl`ll‟-

L˅m g`c¶ptl gml pc lulpc’

Gr`gmg‟/ os`rgrc dcpzrc `grc Eoarcmt P`filtt p`rlg `g c’

smà¶pigr ignml` ptlolxgt ‐ sm à¶pigr dc nlngmt¶l-‟ L˅m

’Gr`gmg‟ cucmtsgococ psncptll goc

·

osl Ptrgspp ¶pl Ptrgulmpkl psmt rctazltc og tcizcrgtsrl isot igl ķ˅mgotc- Mc gflgi ķ˅mtr)aosic dc sosltagrc trczldgt¶lc- `s dcxogmt¶slrl zrligrc goc smsl eaoòar egmtgptl`-

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7:7

L˅m`g dlm 7<26 Ugrjcpc zocg`g og Zgrlp smdc ug rgiķ˅mc `lm`l gml; g`l rcķ˅mmagdg uc`floczrlctcmll ¶pl ocgng gotcoc mal- @godcr/ Dcpmap/ Ilra/ Uloog)Oabap psmt zrlctcmll pgl- L˅mg`cgptg zcrlagdg o)g `smap`st dcptso dc blmc ¶pl p`soztarso raig˅m Nfcarnfc Gmnfco-Co rcogtcgxg lizrcplg zstcrml`g zc `grc a zrads`cg Ugrjcpc8 aiso g`cptg àmptltslg acmlnig zcmtrs grtl¶ptll dlm hsrso pgs; ķ˅m arcoc dc àmdcmt¶c Cdngr pzsmcg `g co g ngplt amasg eaoaplrc lmptrsicmtcoar dc gogig/ `grc rczrcxlmtg sm iaicmt `rs`lgo ķ˅m isxl`g dcdszg ^gnmcr- Dgr `lmc pg)o `rcgdg1 Aiso crg sm grtlpt culdcmt gzgrtc/ gucg `ccg `c l

pc ucdcg zc egt¶g ¶pl ķ˅m àizartgrc/ gdcpcg lmàmtraogblog- Pc plit¶cg igl blmc zgr`g ķ˅mtrcgrtl¶ptll mcisxl`lcml; `si pzsmcg Hcgm Ra|/

’crg plmnsrso àizaxltar `grc)¶pl zatrlulpc

`cgpso `s g`cog go zact¶loar ¶pl zl`tarloar-‟Isxl`lcmll ķ˅o lnmargs- Gdcugrgt/ og Zgrlp co g gust cocul/ smso dlm `grc ug dcucml

`cocbrs ‐ Gmdrc Haoluct- Dgr gblg dszg 7<3:/ Ergmt¶g ķ˅o ug dcpàzcrl/ gfl˅ķmd `s slilrc`g g`cpt isxl`lgm ergm`cx trglpc gtķ˅t¶lg gml og Zgrlp/ zsrt˅ķmds)¶pl plmnsrgtc` icogmàolggrxgtagrc g ulltarsosl-

L˅m gmll g`clg/ og sm àoaùls `s Smngrcttl/ Dcpmap/ @grzcmtlcr/ R- Rlbciamt)Dcp)pglnmcp/ Ugrjcpc ķ˅¶pl cvzsmcg/ ulxlamgr mcdcpilmtlt ¶pl mc`rcxst/ ldcloc ¶pl ldcgosrloc- @ltcx8

’Lmptrsicmtcoc zc `grc lmnlmcrll trcbslc pg oc zsmg og zsm`t `s àogbargrcg isxl`lc)

mloar/ uar ķ˅mngdsl eaoaplrcg tstsrar psmctcoar--- Coc uar zstcg rczrads`c tagtc psmctcoccvlptcmtc ¶pl àogbarg og `rcgrcg smar mal tlibrc--- Gdgztgtc og g`sptl`g pgoloar g`tsgoc/coc uar zstcg gucg a cmcrnlc mcoliltgtg- Bangt¶lg dc tlibrc ug mcigl˅ķmt˅ķomltg zķ˅mg

·

g`si--- @s plptciso ic`gml` tatso cptc zaplblo gt˅ķt `g tlibrs `˅ķt ¶pl `g lmtcmpltgtc-Os˅ķmd ķ˅m igpc cocicmtgrc pamarc cvlptg zaplbloltgt¶l dc psb˅ķizgrt¶lrl goc g`cptcl igpc8dlulx˅ķmd)a ķ˅m gotc igpc/ uaosic/ zogmsrl zrlm dlesxagrc dlpzspc ķ˅m oa`srl dlecrltc/ dgssm pcmp dc il¶p`grc ķ˅m pzgt¶ls‟-

G te o U j l ˖ l tl l ˖ l o t l ˖ l t˖ l t

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7:2

Gpteco/ Ugrjcpc ulpcgxg ¶pl gmtl`lzcgxg isxl`g coc`traml`g ¶pl àm`rctg/ isxl g ptcrca)

eaml`g &pzgt¶lgog, `grc uar gzgrcg `s sm pecrt dc ucg` igl t˅ķrxls-

L˅m 7<00 pc rc˅ķmtagr`c ķ˅m P-S-G-/ `gstg egrg ps``cp dc goteco pg pc lmtcrcpcxc dccàso lmtcmt¶lloar pgoc og Esmdgt¶lg Nsnncmfcli/ og dlecrltc àizgmll dlm Mc~)\ark ¶plFaoo|~aad; ml`l smg ms o)g ķ˅m`srghgt- Crg ķ˅m`g zrcg dcurcic- Sm xl`lgm/ Ocu Tcrlailm/g àmptrslt dszg lmdl`gt¶lloc osl dasg lmptrsicmtc coc`traml`c/ ‐ dal

’tcrlailml‟/ zc `grc

Ugrjcpc oc eaoapc¶ptc ķ˅m os`rgrcg pg’

C`sgtarlgo‟ dlm 7<00‐7<04 &zgrtltsrg àizartg aua`c dc bgp/ zgtrs traizctc/ zgtrs traibaml/ zlgm/ arng/ zcr`st¶lc ¶pl dal

’tcrlailml‟-

Dgr zlcpg g rgigp mccvc`stgtg z˅ķmg ķ˅m 7<57-

Z˅ķmg t˅ķrxls/ ķ˅m 7<34/ lmptrsicmtcoc abl¶pmsltc/’

marigoc‟ uar rgiķ˅mc plmnsrg ķ˅m)àrzargrc g ulpsrloar osl Ugrjcpc/ datgtc lmd ķ˅m zgrtltsrloc g`cptslg `s a coa`lmt¶g ¶plķ˅iblmgtc lmd ķ˅mtr)sm iad `c zrcnsrcgxg àmtlmcmtcoc pamarc ulltagrc- A os`rgrc/

’Pzgt¶ls‟/ ķ˅m`flmgtg

’Igrll àismltgt¶l sigmc‟ rgiķ˅mc mctcrilmgtg-

Dc zrlm 7<03 Ugrjcpc ķ˅m`czc g ms igl `˅ķmtgt- Cptc gzragzc sltgt/ dc¶pl/ mcabaplt/

àizaxltarso tlmc àmecrlmt¶c/ zrcdl`˅ķmd ķ˅m dc¶pcrt ldcloc ¶pl ulpsrloc pgoc- Pc `sesmdg ķ˅mtr)a tg`crc dczrligmtg ¶pl nrcg/ zolmg dc igrc icogmàolc g ulltarsosl- Sibrg `cosl dc godalocg rgxbal iamdlgo pc ķ˅mtlmdcg ķ˅m g`cpt tliz `s rczcxl`lsmc gpszrg ķ˅mtrcnll zogmctc-L˅mtrc 7<03 ¶pl 7<3: `fczcmnso nrcs go sltgrll ug gzgpg ulgt¶g/ azcrg ¶pl msicoc osl Ugrjcpc-P¶l Bgrtak/ ķ˅m Gicrl`g/ gucg pg c sltgt/ zcmtrs g

’rcdcpàzcrlt‟ brsp` pzrc pe˅ķr¶pltso

rgxbalsosl-

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Dlm tat¶l g`c¶ptl gml nrcl g rgigp dagr zlcpg’

Dcmplt| 27/3‟ zcmtrs flgst paoa zc `grca dcdl`g osl Ncarnc Bgrrjcrc `grc taìgl lmgsnsrg sm mas flgst g `grsl zogtlmg gucgdcmpltgtcg 27/3-

Pg gp`sotgi g`cgptg il`g zlcpg &gdcugrgtg `gzadazcrg g ncmsosl, `grc zc rsoplmsap go iamadlcl tcpc ptrs`tsrl isxl`goc dc a igcptrlc àmpsigtg dc a lmtcmpltgtc

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7:0

plmsap go iamadlcl t¶cpc ptrs`tsrl isxl`goc dc a igcptrlc àmpsigtg/ dc a lmtcmpltgtc

¶pl tgmdrct¶c il¶p`gtagrc-

(

Dczrcplsmcg osl Ugrjcpc gucg pg gtlmng zsm`tso `soilmgmt ķ˅m 7<4</ `˅ķmd ķ˅o dabagrg¶pl psecrlmt¶g xl`g; pc ķ˅ibaomguc¶ptc nrgu/ mc`cpltg a azcrgt¶lc- Dgr rabsptct¶cg ķ˅mulmncg`cgptg sotlig nrcg ķ˅m`cr`grc/ ¶pl `sr˅ķmd dszg g`ccg--- cptc

’rcdcpàzcrlt‟-

L˅m 7<3: c smso dlmtrc zrlill igrl àmtcizargml lmultgt¶l og Dgriptgdt smdc àmds`càoaùlso dc àizaxlt¶lc- Ergmt¶g isxl`gog àmptgtg `s slilrc cmtsxlgptg cvlptcmt¶g smsligrc àizaxltar ergm`cx/ tatgoicmtc lnmargt zķ˅mg gtsm`l- @ccg `c pc msicg z˅ķmg g`sia stazlc isxl`gog ¶pl ms pc osg ķ˅m àmpldcrgt¶lc/ dculmc zrcxcmt rcgoltgtc ¶pl

’egmtgptso‟

Ugrjcpc dcucml’

zrc`srparso‟ Ugrjcpc- @aizaxltarso zrazrls)xlp ms crg ķ˅m`g dc`gmtgt; coigl gucg dc g¶ptcztgt-

L˅m 7<32 Ugrjcpc àm`czc’

Dcpcrtp‟/ gizog os`rgrc plieaml`g `s lmtcr`gogrl dc ergn)

icmtc coc`traml`c; ķ˅m 7<34/ ķ˅m Ptsdlaso cvzcrlicmtgo go Rgdlatcoculxlsmll Ergm`cxc ķ˅¶plos`rcgxg bcmxloc ignmctl`c zcmtrs

’Dcpcrtp‟; ķ˅m sxlmc lizrlig xnaiatc zc `grc oc ug

trgmpearig gzal ķ˅m `ccg `c msicg co ‐’

psmct arngmlxgt‟-Zrlig gsdlt¶lc og Zgrlp/ dgtg dc dlrlharso P`fcr`fcm ķ˅m 7<34/ dcxogmt¶slc a esrtsmg g

rcg`t¶lloar ķ˅m pgog; zrlilrcg og @fgizp)Co|pccp cua`g zrcilcrg og’

Pg`rc ds Zrlmtcizp‟&`s dc`cmll ķ˅m srig,- L˅mtr)smg dlm zrlicoc `raml`l @ogsdc Raptgmd p`rlg8

’Zrcpszsm

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`g isot¶l o)gs osgt drczt sm t˅ķmgr dc 22 dc gml- Ugrjcpc cptc sm ai dc >:--- @s isotķ˅mglmtc `g tlmcrll isxl`lcml dlm osicg uc`fc ¶pl masg pg glbg nrlhg `c a gs gptgxl dc gķ˅mmal ua`gbsogrso pamar/ Ugrjcpc pc dgrslg tatgo g`cptcl zrca`szgrl cpcmt¶lgoc g isxl`lldlm urcicg magptrg--- Ms c uarbg dc g zrcxcmtg a isxl`g &&gnrcgblog og src`fc,, dszga àm`cztlc `gi--- p`srtg g isotarg dcpzrc isxl`g- Agrc ùgrtctcoc osl Bcctfaucm gs

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7:4

a àm`czt¶lc `gi--- p`srtg g isotarg dcpzrc isxl`g- Agrc ùgrtctcoc osl Bcctfaucm gs

zgrst &&gnrcgbloc,, og urcicg oar1 Pgs ^gnmcr1 Pgs Zcoocgp1‟L˅mtr)gdcugr/ ķ˅mtlmcrlt/ Ugrjcpc c igl t˅ķmgr `g arl`˅ķmd- L˅m 7<35 Oc @arbsplcr zra)

lc`t˅ķmd sm zgulolam Zflolzp zcmtrs Cvzaxlt¶lg Lmtcrmgt¶lamgog dc og Brsppcocp/ lizsmcàogbargrcg isxl`gog g osl Ugrjcpc/

’Sm t˅ķmgr dc >: dc gml `g ¶pl ilmc‟- 423 dc dlesxag)

rc dlptrlbslc ķ˅m lmtcrlarso zgulolamsosl’

Zaciso coc`traml`‟ àizsp pzc`lgo dc CdngrUgrjcpc- L˅m 7<5:/ dszg gt˅ķt¶lg gml/ Ugrjcpc `gzgtg g``cp ķ˅m Ptsdlaso cvzcrlicmtgo go Sml)ucrpltgt¶ll @aosiblg- Basocx og

’Daiglmc Ispl`go‟ cvc`stg smg dszg gotg os`rgrloc osl

Ugrjcpc-

L˅m mc/ c rcògigtg ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg osl ms msigl `g egmtgpt ¶pl zrc`srpar/ `l `g igrcgrtlpt)rcgolxgt- @ltcx dlm Hgcm Ra|8

’Cptc ķ˅m azcrg osl Ugrjcpc a `godsrg aicmcgp`g

`grclg c tlizso pg l pc eg`g drcztgtc- Cg c ocngtg dc bangt¶lg pamarg- Dgr taìglzrlm cg/ g`cgptg azcrg/ `cg igl dcnghgtg dc zrctcvtc cvtcrlagrc ¶pl tatadgtg `cg iglzst¶lm gbptrg`tg `s zstlmt¶g/ cptc ulc8 ¶pl zrlm cg/ adgtg dczg¶pltg gtrg`t¶lg mastgt¶ll/ ug

pszrgulct¶sl‟-G`cgptg c a `crtltsdlmc gxl-

’Zaciso coc`traml`‟ rczrcxlmtg smg dlm zrlicoc dc)

erl¶pgrl goc smar t¶lmstsrl mcoliltgtc/ igl ķ˅mglmtgtc/ gtlmpc msigl `s n˅ķmdso/ g`si ķ˅m mczgozgtc- Pc plitc gdcpcarl `grg`tcrso cocicmtgr go azcrgt¶lsmloar tcfml`cl ķ˅megztsltc dcgstar- Bstamso dc gizol`grc/ dlptarplsmloc/ lizraulxgt¶lg ķ˅m igmlzsogrc psmt zagtczrcg ulxlbloc/ dgr earig ncmcrgog c nsucrmgtg dc bsm)plit¶ ¶pl a igrc cvzcrlcmt¶g gr)

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tlptl`g gmtcrlagrg- G¶p pzsmc `g egric`so g`cptcl zlcpc/ agrc`si mgluc/ àmptg taìglķ˅m bs`srlg zrlisosl àmtg`t `s sm daicmls mas- Maso tcrcm cptc `szrlmp dc zrlulrcgsmsl àoam gncr/ bcgt dc dcpàzcrlrl ulltagrc/ erspt ķ˅m uaosztgtcg dc g osg psb àmtraomc`smap`stso-

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7:3

(

P¶l tats¶pl àizaxltarso g`cptg gt˅ķt dc dcp`flp `s`crlrll masosl grc a `silmt¶cmlcgd˅ķm`g- Gotilmtcrl m)gr pzsp g`cptc `sulmtc zolmc dc ķ˅mt¶cocz`lsmc ¶pl rcpzc`t8

’Arl`˅ķt

dc arlnlmgo ¶pl dlecrlt gr zgrcg/ sm àizaxltar m)g eg`st dc`˅ķt pg gotalgp`g zst¶lm dlm co zcbgtr˅ķmg zogmtg- Dgr trcbslc pg a eg`g egrg g zstcg ķ˅mulmslt `g urcg pg s`ldg zogmtg-Tat `ccg `c urcg co cptc pg zrads`g a flagrc masg‟; ¶pl tat Ugrjcpc pzsmcg8

’Igc¶ptrll

trc`stsosl psmt zcmtrs ilmc àmergt¶l zc `grc)l rcpzc`t ¶pl dc `grc ig ocgng a osmng ¶plptr˅ķmpg zrlctcmlc- Ms psmt iag¶ptc/ àmtlmsg `s tat¶ll pg trglgp`g‟-

@s gpcicmcg pcmtlicmtc trcbslc gsxltg ¶pl nrgmdlagpg os`rgrc’

Dcpcrtp‟ ‐ ķ˅m`cr`grcpszrcig dc g plieamlxg xnaiatcoc/ dc g trgmpearig psmctcoc ar`fcptrcl ķ˅m eart¶c mgts)rgoc-

’G¶p urcg pg ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶pcx tat `c cptc aicmcp`/ dc og `ccg `c c igl zrliltlu/ z˅ķmg og

`coc igl dczgrtgtc fatgrc goc ¶ptllmt¶cl‟ ‐ pzsmcg Ugrjcpc-Ergnicmtso zc `grc)o uai gp`sotg dlm

’Dcpcrtp‟ &Dc¶pcrtsrl, grc a eart¶g zrligrg

tcrlblog ¶pl tatadgtg a zraesmdg sigmltgtc/ c sm ergnicmt dc ictcarlt àoapgo ¶pl tatadgtga bs`gtg dlm lmlig ¶pl `rclcrso aisosl-

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P¶APTGKAUL@L ‐ 6: 74

Dg`g gr trglt/ g`si `˅ķmd pcàoso ķ˅izolmc¶ptc 65 dc gml/ P¶aptgkaul`l gr gust 6:- ZcP¶aptgkaul l ķ˅o igpsrgi `s pcàoso VV go `grsl igrc igrtar g eapt; ms msigl isxl`go/`l igrtar zsr ¶pl plizos/ igrtar zrlmtrc igrtarl- L˅mpg co g dlpzgrst dcisot/ g`si 77

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7:5

z ¶ z / z z /

gml/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd pcàoso gblg a osg rgxmg-L˅m Smlsmcg Paulctl`g/ gàoa smdc zrlicoc gsdlt¶ll goc os`rgrloar pgoc gs eapt gdcugrgtc

cucmlicmtc pa`lgoc ¶pl `sotsrgoc/ co cptc zcr`czst gxl `g sm ògpl`/ zc olmlg igrloar ògpl`lrs¶pl- L˅m A``ldcmt ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg osl cptc cxlt˅ķmdg; ķ˅m`g psmt zst¶lml `cl `c rc`smap` ķ˅m co àm)tlmsgrcg rcgp`g g olmlcl Brs`kmcr)Igfocr- @rltcrlloc cptctl`c psmt dcplnsr lmps`lcmtczcmtrs g`cgptg- Dagr Gmtalmc Naocg/ g`si igl isot dc sm pecrt dc pcào p)g ķ˅m`sictgtpg gric `g P¶aptgkaul`l cptc sm àmtlmsgtar go osl Bcctfaucm; ilrgt/ co ķ˅mps¶pl/ Naocg

lmplptg8 ’dg/ ms ug ilrgt¶l/ ms zgrc gdcugrgt dgr g¶pg cptc'‟@rcgt¶lc lmcngog/ dgr gstcmtl`g/ zstcrml`g/ pciml`gtlug/ psb lm`ldcmt¶g psflsosl dc

ncmls- Ldccg dc zcrec`t¶lsmc ms lmtrg ķ˅m cptctl`g osl P¶aptgkaul`l; ml`l ldccg dc ersispct¶c-

Grtlptso g`cptg zgrc abpcdgt dc ldccg dc gdcugr ¶pl dc drcztgtc; msigl dszg g`c)cg sricgxg ldccg dc ersispct¶c ¶pl dc g`ccg ķ˅mtr)sm eco gzgrtc8 ersispct¶cg iargog/ aersispct¶c zogpgtg ms psb pcimso cptctl`sosl/ `l go ctl`sosl- Dcplnsr/ tagtc g`cptcg msķ˅m dcògrgt¶ll/ `l ķ˅m isxl`g/ gdl`g tats¶pl ķ˅m daicmlso grtcl/ go cptctl`sosl- P¶aptgkaul`l g

pzsp isotarg dcpcarl8 ’cs ms psmt osztgtar ķ˅m ulgt¶g; psmt osztgtar ķ˅m isxl`g‟- L˅m is)xl`g/ dgr osztgtar- G`cgptg àibgtlultgtc cptc gstcmtl` bcctfaucmlgmg- Cg grc ķ˅m zosp`cug iadcrm8 a daxg dc dlpzcrgrc/ sm trgnlpi `grc a zgtrsmdc ķ˅m rgrsm`fl; trgnlpisog sicxlt dlm lmtcrlar isxl`g osl P¶aptgkaul`l/ z˅ķmg og lnrgplc/ dcucmlmd z˅ķmg og srig

74-’

Rgisrl‟/ mr- 4/ 7<6>-

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cv`rcp`stg ķ˅m cg/ ķ˅m iad ptrgmls-

Cvlptcmt¶g `rcgtagrc g grtlptsosl g eapt eagrtc drgigtl`g; co zgrcg mgp`st zcmtrstcgtrs; azcrcoc

’Mgpso‟ ¶pl

’Ogd| Ig`bctf dlm dlptrl`tso It¶cmpk‟ lmgsnsrgs sm drsi

`grc pc gmsmt¶g osmn ¶pl ecrtlo; zrcplsmcg `rltl`g o)g gbgtst dc og g`cpt drsi-’

A`flsoķ˅m`flp ķ˅m gegrg/ ķ˅mogsmtrs pc dcp`fldc‟8 `lòso plieamlloar g `gzgtgt a eagrtc igrc cvtlm)

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7:>

ķm`flp ķm gegrg/ ķmogsmtrs pc dcp`fldc 8 `lòso plieamlloar g `gzgtgt a eagrtc igrc cvtlm

dcrc- Xnsdsltagrcoc Plieamll LU/ U/ UL/ ULL ¶pl ULLL gs àmpcimgt lxbs`mlrcg g`cptclmcabl¶pmsltc cmcrnll `rcgtagrc- Dgr ¶pl gpszrg g`cptsl uso`gm p)g cvcr`ltgt mcisot¶silrcg8ogug crg zrcg dlucrpg/ trglrloc zrcg cvzrcplamlptc/ pamarltgt¶loc zrcg gp`st¶ltc/ dlicmpls)mloc gbsxluc- Dlm mas P¶aptgkaul`l g cuaosgt dc dgtg g`cgptg ķ˅m pcmpso sliltar go smclgp`st¶lrl lmtcrlagrc ogaogotg `s a mctcxlrc cvtcrlagrg; co g gzgrst icrcs igl trgdlt¶lamgo/igl ķ˅m igt`g rspg ògpl`g/ isxl`g osl g dcucmlt tat igl dcpzslgtg/ ķ˅m tliz `c iarbsopsflctcp` zgtrsmdcg tat igl gd˅ķm`/ og rgdg`lmg psmctcoar-

G `gzgtgt cvtlmdcrc `lòso ùgrtctcoar dc àgrdc; og tcrilmgrcg Plieamlcl g LV)g/P¶aptgkaul`l crg gstarso g trcl ùgrtctc dc àgrdc; z˅ķmg og peķ˅r¶pltso ulct¶ll pgoc g iglàizsp ķ˅m`g 72- L˅m tatgoltgtcg oar/ ùgrtctcoc gs dcucmlt sm igrc hsrmgo lmtli; `ccg `cmc zog`c ķ˅m coc cptc plm`crltgtcg gbpaostg/ gbgmdamso grtlptsosl/ flsvso olbcr go nķ˅mdsrloar/gotcrmgrcg tcmplsmll `s rcogvgrcg-

@aizaxlt¶lloc sotliloar gml lmgsnsrgpcrg sm tam mas8 crg a ua`c’

dc dlmàoa dc

iariķ˅mt‟; gilmtlrloc dlm àzlogrlc ¶pl dlm tlmcrct¶c/ gpzc`tcoc rctrapzc`tluc dlm `rcgt¶lgpg gucgs g`si `cug pzc`trgo- Gl xl`c `g gstarso pc ucdc co ķ˅mps¶pl zaptsi-

G`si dcpzslcrcg isxl`gog cptc sotlig; `g ¶pl ķ˅m dcpcmcoc t˅ķrxll goc osl Zl`gppa/ smncpt esnltlu/ a plizog trgpgtsrg/ rgiķ˅m gd˅ķm` cvzrcpluc ¶pl zgr g ms igl zstcg p`gzgdlm osicg tstcogrg abpcplug g grtlptsosl- Grtlptso nrgultcgxg `flgr ķ˅m hsrso pgs ķ˅mps¶pl/r˅ķ¶pmlmd zgr`g smcarl ķ˅m nao-

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P¶aptgkaul`l igrtarso/ pc ķ˅mp`rlc ķ˅mtr)a ķ˅mgotg zoclgdg g pcàososl VV; zrlm àizg)plsmcg egt¶g dc ai ¶pl ua`gt¶lg mcecrl`lrll co ptg gogtsrl dc Gobgm Bcrn/ zrlm siarso ¶plòa~mgdcoc pgoc co dcp`lmdc dlm `lmcigtanrgeso ist/ lgr zszlococ pgoc ķ˅mnraxltc ugdcpà ogmtcrmg ignl`g `s mct¶cg ¶pl gp`st¶licg `coar igl igrl rczartcrl gl pcàososl VV- Msc dcoa` zst¶lm8 P¶aptgkaul`l lmtrg ķ˅m ctcrmltgtc ķ˅izrcsmg `s pcàoso pgs-

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7:6

GRGI FG@LGTSRLGM OG 3: DC GML P¶L DSZGG@CCG 73

L˅m lsolc 7<<3 pc ug `˅ķmtg og Fsddcrpcod/ ķ˅m Gmnolg/ Plieamlg)Zaci zcmtrs arng/ 73traizctc ¶pl ar`fcptrg dc Grgi Fg`lgtsrlgm- Dlrlharso Bgrrlc ^cbb i)g rsngt &`g eapt

cocu go osl Fg`lgtsrlgm, pg p`rls a matlt¶g zcmtrs `glctso zranrgi go àm`crtsosl- I)gifatgr˅ķt pg zsbol` ķ˅m rculptg

’Grgrgt‟ g`cgptg matlt¶g ¶pl tatadgtg `˅ķtc `cug dlm malgmso

dc gilmtlrl ocngtc dc ai ¶pl dc cza`g-

Plieamlg zaci

Gilmtlrcg g`cptcl os`rgrl sr`g og ķ˅m`czstsrloc gmloar “3:- Crgi sm zragpzgt ptsdcmt

go osl Fg`lgtsrlgm; ucmlpci ķ˅m dc`cibrlc 7<37 `g ptsdcmt ptrglm og @ampcrugtarso’

@cgl)kaupkl‟ dlm Iapàug &crgs zst¶lml ptsdcmt¶l ptrglml ķ˅m g`cpt àmpcrugtar ¶pl `cl igl isot¶ldlmtrc cl ucmcgs dlm t¶grloc dc cpt,- Gi lmplptgt `g urcgs pg s cocuso osl Fg`lgtsrlgm ¶plgi g¶ptcztgt `g co pg pc ķ˅mtagr`g dlmtr)a `gogtarlc; il p)g pzsp `g g zoc`gt ķ˅m Ltgolg8 pc

73-’

Grgrgt‟/ mr- 77/ 7<<3-

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da`sicmtg ķ˅m ocngtsrg `s zralc`tso pgs zcmtrs sm bgoct’

Pzgrtg`sp‟- @˅ķmd p)g ķ˅mtarp/mc)gi ķ˅mt¶cocp igl isot zrlm pcimc/ `g`l `sma¶ptlmt¶coc icoc dc olibg rspg crgs gzragzcdc xcra- Zranrcpgi ķ˅mpg eagrtc rczcdc ¶pl ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz pc dcpos¶pcgs lizrcplloc icocdcpzrc Smlsmcg Paulctl`g; ldcloc zrcàm`czstc eg`cgs oa` lmearigt¶lcl mcilhoa`ltc-

Gdilrgi isxl`g osl Fg`lgtsrlgm; gi gdsp uarbg og ķ˅mt˅ķomlrloc magptrc dcpzrc Pliea)

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7:<

; z

mlg)Zaci- Isxl`g osl Fg`lgtsrlgm ms crg lmtcrxlpg/ dgr os`rgrcg g`cgptg crg sm ’ers`tazrlt‟- Grgi Lol l il)g cvzol`gt8 os`rgrcg g`cgptg g gust nflmlamso dc g `˅ķmtgtgķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ķ˅mtr)sm àm`crt `grc g `gxst psb lm`ldcmt¶g Rcxaost¶lcl osl Hdgmau-@am`crtso espcpc dlrlhgt dc Cunfcmll Irgulmpkl; ķ˅m zranrgi nsrg ¶pl zrlig gsdlt¶lc gPlieamlcl UL dc Zrakacu- G eapt sm àm`crt dc igrc lmtcrcp/ dc igrc ps``cp/ dgrdgimgt licdlgt dszg g`ccg-

˅Lmtr)a xl/ Grgi Lol`l g gdsp zgrtltsrg igmsp`rlpg g os`rgrll zcmtrs g a gp`sotgķ˅izrcsmg- L˅il gilmtcp` ¶pl gxl zgnlmloc g`cocg dc zgrtltsrg igrl `s eagrtc isotc zartg)

tluc/ zraucmlmd dlm Gicrl`g &Grgi Lol`l il)g pzsp8’

Kasppcultxk| mc)g dgrslt isotcàol dc f˅ķrtlc dlm gptg‟- Og r˅ķmdso pgs/ Fg`lgtsrlgm il)g dgrslt ¶pl ilc `˅ķtcug àol dlmcoc/ zc `grc oc zgptrcx mcp`rlpc ¶pl gxl,- Mc)gi dsp ķ˅izrcsmg og `gblmctso dc ķ˅mrcnlptrgrlisxl`goc ¶pl gi osgt dlp`so `s lizrligrcg Plieamlcl)Zaci; crg sm dlp` igrc ¶pl iagocdc `soagrc ucrxslc/ ķ˅mrcnlptrgt dlm àm`crt ķ˅mtr)sm plmnsr cvcizogr- Gi gp`sotgt os`rg)

rcg ķ˅izrcsmg; il p)g zgrst osvsrlgmtg/ a cvzoaxlc dc cmcrnlc pamarg; `coc 73 traizctc/ar`fcptrg/ arng dcxugoslgs ogtsrg rsbcmplgmg g `rcgt¶lcl osl Fg`lgtsrlgm-

Grgi Lol`l il)g pzsp8’

L˅m os`rgrcg g`cgptg cs gi ķ˅m`cr`gt a ķ˅mmalrc; dg`g ms lm)tcrucmcg `rltl`g os`rgrll/ `rcd `g i)g¶p ķ˅mdrcztgt zc sm egng¶p mas ķ˅m àizaxlt¶llocsrigtagrc‟- Rcnrctso/ mcisot¶silrcg/ maptgonlg crgs culdcmtc ķ˅m ecoso `si g uarbltFg`lgtsrlgm-

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Gs trc`st isot¶l gml dc gtsm`l; ms zat dgtg cvg`t g`cgptg gsdlt¶lc- Ms `rcd `g og dgtgg`ccg `sma¶ptcgi Plmeamlcttg osl Hgmgˎck/ zc `grc gi `smap`st)a og ilhoa`so gmloar “3:-Os`rgrloc psmt tats¶pl ķ˅mrsdltc zrlm `grg`tcrso oar ecptlu- Zrlm zrcxcmt¶g arnll/ Plieamlg)Zaci ķ˅il gilmtc¶ptc ¶pl dc Ilppg Nognaoltl`g g osl Ocapˎ Hgmgˎck- A igpg dc traizctc¶pl a arng trgtgtg `g a zrgugolrc dc pt˅ķm`l/ lgtg a ulxlsmc ecptlu)`gtgptra`g/ zagtc ¶pl

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77:

rcolnlap)gza`golztl`g-Ig ķ˅mtrcb ¶pl gxl ķ˅màtra gr dsp drsiso grtlptl` go osl Fg`lgtsrlgm dg`g ms p)gr

igmlecptgt egt¶g dc co’

nrlhg zgrlmtcgp`g‟ g Zgrtldsosl-

Ulgt¶g dc og ķ˅m`czst

˅Lm olibg rspg &¶pl/ dszg `ķ˅tc ¶ptls/ ml`l ķ˅m gotc olibl, ms cvlptg g`co dsimcgtg raig˅mcp``grc pc zogpcgxg ķ˅mtrc ts ¶pl dup - Dc¶pl gucgi msigl 23 dc gml/ Fg`lgtsrlgm il p)g gdrc)

pgt `s’

u˅ķ‟/ gdl g’

dup‟/ v˅ķmd gpteco sm `gdrs zrataàogr dcmltlu rcogt¶lloar magptrc&dlecrcmt¶g dc u˅ķrptg l)gr zcrilp pg il pc gdrcpcxc `s

’ts‟,- Dgr g`cgptg ms g ķ˅mpcimgt

ķ˅mnfct¶grcg oar og a tcizcrgtsrg lmlt¶lgog- Fg`lgtsrlgm crg sm ai `god ¶pl dlpzsmcg dcsm eco dc tcriaptgt `grc ķ˅l zcriltcg pg rcnocxc &`g pg pzsmci g¶pg, dszg ualc tci)zcrgtsrg rcogt¶lloar pgoc `s `cl dlm hsr- Gi abpcrugt ` g agicmll pc ķ˅m¶pcogs gdcpcg ķ˅m

gzrc`lcrcg `gzg`ltgt¶ll pgoc dc gstaàmtrao; `ccg `c rct¶lmcg gtcmt¶lg crg mgtsrgoct¶cg pg/egric`so mcilhoa`lt/ àizartgicmtso pszsp zgr`g lizsopsrloar licdlgtc &tcizcrgicmt`god/ arlcmtgo/ pcmxsgoltgtc mcdlplisogtg,- P`gzg ķ˅mpg

’tcriaptgtso‟ dc `grc Grgi Lol`l

dlpzsmcg g zlg`crc-

G`cpt go dalocg Fg`lgtsrlgm ‐ dlzoaigt/ oapae ¶pl iargolpt ‐ ig eg`c pg rculm gdcpcg`s n˅ķmdso og co- @ccg `c ķ˅o dlptlmncg/ crg iadcrgt¶lg; gucg dcplnsr plizgtlloc ¶pl gmtlzgtlloc

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osl; zc g`cptcg dlm srig ms oc ķ˅izlmncg ķ˅mpg ml`ladgtg zķ˅mg og ds¶pigmlc; zagtc `gtrc`spc ķ˅m ulgt¶g zrlm isotc; ugxspc p`flibgrl pzc`tg`soagpc; tagtc g`cptcg gs zsp smncgi ķ˅mtrc co ¶pl `coc ķ˅mt˅ķizogtc; ms zrlicg mlil` dc)g ngtg/ zrcos`rg tatso- L˅m tlizso`cocbrcl Rcxaost¶ll g osl Hdgmau espcpc ¶pl`gmgt dc `gtrc dlucr¶pl esm`t¶lamgrl; ms ķ˅mugt¶gpcpg)l lsbcgp`g dszg g`ccg/ dgr ms oc)g zgptrgt rgm`flsmg ¶pl ms crg gmligt dc pzlrltso

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777

rgxbsmgrll- L˅mtr)a dlilmcgt¶g ig gflgi og co ‐ e g`cg smcarl oc`t¶lg g`gpg ‐ og uc`fcgoa`slmt¶g dlm ptrgdg Trctlg Ilspkglg; tat tlizso psmg tcoceamso ¶pl icrpso n˅ķmdsrloar pcķ˅mtrcrszcg &zrlucgi `s agrc`grc lramlc g`cgptg zcrigmcmtg zcrtsrbgrc `grc ķ˅l dcxgvggdcpcg zrca`szgrcg `cmtrgog/ gptgxl psmt ķ˅mpg igl ķ˅mt¶cocngtar ¶pl ig n˅ķmdcp` og GrgiLol`l dcpcarl `˅ķmd tcoceamso ics psmg zrcg dcp,; og sm iaicmt dgt p)g gsxlt pamcrlg `gpcl;Fg`lgtsrlgm g dcp`flp ¶pl g olzplt isot/ gzal p)g ķ˅mgzalgt p`sx˅ķmds)pc; il)g cvzol`gt8

’g

eapt F-/ sm ai `grc il)g eg`st isot rgs; g eapt dlrc`tar ¶pl ķ˅m ilmlptcr ¶pl og Bgo¶pal Tcgtr ¶pl

ķ˅m gotc oa`srl; g`si c og gmgmnflc/ i)g rsngt pg)il zsm pcimgtsrg pzrlhlmlmds)o ķ˅mtr)smiciarls `grc rcògig rcgbloltgrcg osl- Gi eg`st)a dcplnsr; ms trcbslc pg rgpzsmdci`s rgstgtc og rgstgtc‟-

Gtsm`l `˅ķmd gucg dc cvtrgp a iargog/ a àmòsxlc/ Fg`lgtsrlgm pc ecrcg pg iargolxcxc;ķ˅¶pl ķ˅m`czcg ergxg `s

’g zrazap‟ &

’ichds zra`li‟,/ plmds)pc zgr`g pg zrcdl`c pgs pg)o

iargolxcxc zc `cogogot/ c co igl t˅ķmgr-

Ms cvgotg ml`l rgt¶lsmcg; gzcog igl dcnrgbg og plit¶so rgt¶lsmll- L˅m hsdc`gt¶loc grtlptl`cpc rcecrcg gdcpcg og aoeg`t¶lc; pzsmcg8

’zc ilmc ms ig zrcg zat¶l ķ˅m¶pcog‟ ¶pl `s grgtgtarso

iķ˅lmll drcztc lmdl`g mgpso pgs `grmap; tc sltgl og `flzso pgs `grg`tcrlptl` ¶pl zstcrml``g a eart¶g g mgtsrll/ `s bsxcoc dcpcmgtc ersiap/ zracilmcmtc/ `s zgrso pgs `grsmt ¶plbsògt tsmp p`srt/ zc eamdso picgd go zlcoll; zgrcg `g rcpzlrg zrlm tat¶l zarll; igrcg oslzgplsmc ngptramail`g crgs ers`tcoc dc tat ecoso ¶pl zgrcg `g mgrloc osl igrl pc dcpegtg

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graig‟ rcucmcg ercùcmt ķ˅m ua`gbsogrso pgs/ ķ˅lzog`cg ¶pl graig isxl`ll; isxl`loc graigtc ķ˅l pzsmcgs isot ¶pl g``cdg og coc `flgr dg`gilhoag`coc dc cvzrcplc crgs dlmàoa dc arlxamtso pgs ptlolptl`; gpteco l)g zstst gzrc`lgms msigl zc Rguco ¶pl Ptrgulmpkl/ `l ¶pl zc Bgrtak pgs Ugrjcpc- Zrlm g`cgptg pcmxsgoltgtcrcgp`g g pg/ Fg`lgtsrlgm ķ˅il gilmtcg smcarl zc Zczcrkarm &zcrpamghso osl Tfaigp

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772

Igmm dlm ’Ismtcoc urghlt‟ go `grsl zratatlz espcpc p`rlltarso Ncrfgrd Fgsztigmm,-Da`trlmg osl crg aztlilxgrcg ; co darcg pg ķ˅ibo˅ķmxcgp`g cvtrcicoc ¶pl pg oc gzrazlc

dc ilhoa`- Pc uarbcg gtsm l isot dcpzrc earigolpi ķ˅m grtg isxl ll; earigolpiso crgdlguaoso ķ˅m isxl`g/ a bagog nrcg dc g `grcl gtlmncrc trcbslc pg tc ecrc¶ptl `˅ķt zat¶l- ZcmtrsFg`lgtsrlgm os`rsrloc ms ptgtcgs gpteco- L˅mtrc ptsdcmt¶ll pgl co dcapcbcg dasg `gtcnarll8zc smll ķ˅l ķ˅mdrsig pzrc

’bgmgoltgtc‟/ zc got¶ll `gtrc

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isotc arl8’

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’earigol¶ptl‟/ urķ˅md

gpteco dc egzt pg)l dcbgmgolxcxc zc `˅ķt pc zagtc- Mlicml ms crg pszgrgt zc `grg`tcrsogzravligtlu go g`cptcl tcrilmaoanll; crg àmpldcrgtg sm ua`gbsogr cizlrl`/ dc os`rs/ `spàz zsr tcrgzcstl`-

Ig ciat¶lamg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg gtltsdlmcg pg egt¶g dc P¶aptgkaul`l; tc)gl g¶ptcztgt pg pcdlptgmt¶cxc dc isxl`g g`cptslg zcmtrs `g ¶pl isxl`loc oar crgs gt˅ķt dc dlecrltc; Fg`lgtsrlgm

darcg a icoadlc zcmctrgmtg/ `rlptgolxgtg/ plizol`gtg/ og `grc ¶poceslg z˅ķmg dcucmcg erc)damgblog ¶pl iciargblog; zcmtrs P¶aptgkaul`l smltgtcg dc igpsrg crg àmptrs`t¶lg igrc/àoapso- @ccg `c dc`ldcg mgoicmtc/ `rcd/ crg lmtslt¶lg ugoarll isxl`goc; zcmtrs Fg`lgts)rlgm cvlptcmt¶g ugoarll zrlig gpszrg àmpldcrcmtcoar ldcaoanl`c- L˅m 7<33 P¶aptgkaul`l ¶pl)gzrcxcmtgt masg pg Plieamlc/ g V)g/ `˅ķmt˅ķmd)a og zlgm &og zgtrs iķ˅lml, `s clmbcrn ¶plIccraul`l-

’Zrgudg‟ ķ˅m`czspc pg zrcngtcgp`g azlmlg zsbol`g zcmtrs ķ˅mtķ˅izlmgrcg

’`si

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pc `sulmc‟ g g`cptcl isxl`l zcrml`lagpc- Gtsm`l `˅ķmd ¶pl)g `˅ķmtgt os`rgrcg og Smlsmcg@aizaxltarloar/ Grgi Fg`lgtsrlgm g àmdsp ¶pcdlmt¶g- Frcmmlkau/ zrc¶pcdlmtcoc Smlsmll/g zrazsp `g os`rgrcg pg c gp`sotgtg dgr pg ms pc zagrtc dlp`st¶ll; Fg`lgtsrlgm p)g azsp8

’c`grc cptc olbcr pg)¶pl pzsmg zgrcrloc‟- Co ķ˅mps¶pl ¶pl)g pzsp zrliso zgrcrcg8

’g`cgptg

plieamlc cptc sm zataz dc icoadll‟- @amtlmsgrcg g eapt sm zataz dc coanll zcmtrs gstar-

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770

L˅m gmll g`clg Fg`lgtsrlgm pc ngpcg ķ˅m hsrso u˅ķrptcl dc 3:8 zolm dc cmcrnlc dgr ¶pl zolmdc cvzcrlcmt¶g; pc

’ hsolpc‟/ `g pg pzsmci g¶pg/ dlm zolm- L˅m erc`s¶pso gmloar dabķ˅mdlpc sm

so`cr dsadcmgo `grc gucg pg)o ķ˅mpat¶cgp`g z˅ķmg ķ˅m sotlicoc pgoc xloc; ucmcg og ¶pàgog `stcriapso dc ogztc zcmtrs g)¶pl golmg dsrcrloc `grc ķ˅o ķ˅m`cr`gs zcrladl`; ml`l sm eco dcflzcrg`ldltgtc ms pc abpcrug ķ˅mpg ķ˅m àizartgicmtso egt¶g dc `cl dlm hsr ¶pl ķ˅m zrlulrcgpg gpszrg osill- Zrabgblo `g s¶pagrg tcmdlmt¶g pzrc pszrg)zamdcrc c`flolbrg `ccg `c gr

zstst dcucml rl`tsp pgs g`rcgog iargog; aiso pc bs`srg dc ulgt¶g; a`fll crgs ull ¶plzaetcgs- Crg ptlisogtar pg ucxl `si co osg zgr`g ulgt¶g dc og ķ˅m`czst; ķ˅m iad dlp`rct gķ˅m`czst pg ptsdlcxc dlrlhgtso ¶pl `srķ˅md ķ˅m`czs pg dlrlhcxc ar`fcptrc ķ˅m àm`crtc dc gstar-Dszg zrcplsmloc gpszrg àizaxltarloar ersmtg¶pl &Zrakacu/ P¶aptgkaul`l/ Ilgpkaupkl/Fg`lgtsrlgm,/ zstcg abpcrugtg g`si a rcogvgrc/ bg `flgr sm eco dc ugng tcmdlmt¶g dc

’dcpzgnsblrc‟8 ol pc zcriltcg pg `gogtarcgp`g ķ˅m ptrglmgtgtc- Gptg dszg `c Ilgpkaupkl

eg`spc sm `gm`cr/ Fg`lgtsrlgm so`crso pgs/ Zrakacu zspcsrloc pgoc dc flzcrtcmplsmc

grtcrlgog/ lgr P¶aptgkaul`l mcsltgtso pgs rl`tsp/ a igp`g ķ˅m il¶p`grc zcrzctsg `c ms iglzstcg dcxolzltg dc zc egt¶g- G`si Fg`lgtsrlgm eg`cg `gogtarll `s àm`crtc dc gstar;g zoc`gt ķ˅m Ncrigmlg &gl`l gi gplptgt og sm àm`crt dlrlhgt dc co,/ ķ˅m Cnlzt/ Gicrl`gdc Psd/ ķ˅m Gmnolg &mc zaucptcg `s fsiar `si og sm dchsm `s oarxl co p)g ķ˅m`sictgtzrliso pg)¶pl eaoapcgp`g dcnctcoc og daucdlrcg erlztsrll dc nglmg,; g ucmlt ¶pl ķ˅m Raig˅mlg/c ķ˅m hsrlso àm`srpsosl

’Cmcp`s‟/ c `g pg)¶pl zctrcg`g ug`gmt¶g/ c og ķ˅mrcnlptrgrcg `s

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@oglrc Bcrmgrd g àm`crtsosl pgs zcmtrs ulagrg &darlmd pg lmult ķ˅m tlizso ecptlugososl

’Cmcp`s‟ `ķ˅t¶lug agpzct¶l ptrglml/ Grgi Lol`l il)g eg`st sm gdcugrgt lmptrs`tgh zrataàogr

ngptramail`,- L˅m 7<56/ lmd ķ˅m P-S-G- `s zrlochso zrlicl gsdlt¶ll g’

Trcztcoar tg`crll‟&os`rgrc àigmdgtg dc Esmdgt¶lg Kasppcultpk|,/ gi eapt lmultgt dc `gtrc Fg`lgtsrlgmog a rc`czt¶lc arngmlxgtg ķ˅m `lmptcg pg `s zrlochso tsrmcsosl zc `grc ķ˅o eg`cg gtsm`l ķ˅m

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774

Gicrl`g; ķ˅m ilhoa`so icpcl ķ˅ibco¶psngtc zc sm igrc zogtgm agpzct¶ll tglgs dlmtr)smbcrbc`/ egrg ķ˅mdalgog

’àm`czst‟ dc Grgi Lol`l-

Fg`lgtsrlgm nsptg g`cptc `gogtarll ¶pl dcpeg¶psrg a cmcrnlc `grc ms zstcg dc`˅ķt pgtc soslgp`g- Zog`crloc `solmgrc ¶pl goc àmucrpgt¶lcl crgs dagr a zgrtc dlm `ccg `c nsptgco- Fg`lgtsrlgm lsbcg paocimltgt¶loc/ rc`czt¶lloc ¶pl ps``cpso ķ˅m ncmcrgo &lmd ķ˅m g`cgptgzrlulmt¶g dlecrlt dc P¶aptgkaul`l zcmtrs `grc ps``cpso crg dagr a grig dc osztg pa`lgog/ aearig dc gstagzgrgrc ¶pl pszrgulct¶slrc; zog`crcg lmcultgblog g ps``cpsosl a ķ˅mc`g ķ˅mtr)a

zcrdcg dc lramll; ’gi abpcrugt‟/ xl`cg co/ ’`g smlucrpltgt¶loc `s `ķ˅t psmt igl il`l/ `s gt˅ķtķ˅t¶l aecrg dlzoaic famarlp `gspg igl zaizagpc‟,- Fg`lgtsrlgm lsbcg ķ˅mpg g`cptc àmtg`tc¶pl gucg a gdcugrgtg zog`crc dc àoc`t¶lamgr- Msigrg g`gdcilloc ķ˅m `grc dcucmcg icibrsdc amagrc; àmpldcrg `g ps``cpso trcbslc arngmlxgt; pc eatanrgg `s agicmll zc `grc ķ˅lķ˅mt˅ķomcg- L˅m gzgrtgicmtso pgs zstcgl ucdcg eatanrgl goc pgoc `s Fcilmn~g|/ Zgzg LagmVVLLL; @fgrolc @fgzolm/ Frs¶p`lau/ Naisokg ¶pl isot¶l got¶ll- Gzragzc ķ˅m tagtc a zstcglucdcg ¶pl zc Mlmg Uogdlilraumg Igkgraug/ lsbltg pg pat¶lc &àizaxltagrc tgocmtgtg/

àocng ķ˅m ògpg osl Ilgpkaupkl,-

A `grl`gtsrg ķ˅o grgtg ķ˅m `flz dc Hszltcr tsmgtar; esoncrc cigmgs dlmpzrc co `gtrcMlmg Uogdlilraumg; pat¶ll Fg`lgtsrlgm zrlucgs `s fsiar g`cgptg `grl`gtsrg/ ml`l smsodlmtrc cl ms)l gàrdg zstcrc dc gdcugr pszgrgtar-

L˅mpg `gogtarlloc rczrcxcmtgs ¶pl gdcugrgtc cvzcdlt¶ll gdilmlptrgtluc `s g`flxlt¶lamgrcg

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dc bsmsrl `gpml`c `grc pc gflgs zrlmtrc igresrloc dc`ltgrc og Iapàug- Zrlucgi sliltg`cgptg dcpeg¶psrgrc dc cmcrnlc g smsl ai `grc og u˅ķrptg dc 3: dc gml osg ulgt¶g dc ogķ˅m`czst-

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773

@oczpldrgL˅m `cl 23 dc gml `grc gs srigt/ gi dcucmlt sm zrlctcm go egilolcl Fg`lgtsrlgm; pat¶lg

icg ¶pl igl t˅ķrxls àzlll ma¶ptrl dcucmlrg ¶pl cl zrlctcml gl `gpcl- Ms pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog pg i ogIapàug egrg pg)l ulxltgi; ulxltc olzpltc dc zrataào/ ķ˅m gtiapecrg `godg/ zaucptlmds)mc`c gi igl eg`st/ `c gi igl ugxst- Ml`ladgtg ms gi ķ˅m`go`gt ķ˅mpg a gmsiltg oliltg zc`grc il)a lizsmcg dlptgmt¶g dc u˅ķrptg ¶pl rcpzc`tso zc `grc l)o dgtargi8 Grgi Lol`l ilpc gdrcpg `s g`cog¶pl

’U˅ķ‟ ¶pl ms zrcnctg pg gicptc`c ogsdg `s `rltl`g gtsm`l `˅ķmd ķ˅il

gp`sotg isxl`g; gmsiltc gpzc`tc mal goc isxl`ll icoc l pc zgrcgs dlpàmeartgmtc ¶pl ķ˅omcolml¶ptcgs; og bgxg `rltl`ll pgoc crg g`cog¶pl8

’ms tc tcic pg l bgmgo/ zcmtrs `g tat ms

ucl `gdcg ķ˅m bgmgoltgtc‟-

Ptrgtcnlg osl egt¶g dc ilmc crg dc mgtsrg pg)il zog`g8 ig `rltl`g igl gocp ķ˅mtrczgtrs a`fl ¶pl ig ogsdg ķ˅m zsbol`- Os`rgrloc icoc ms crgs zrliltc

’mctcd‟ og `gtcdrg dc

àizaxlt¶lc dc og @ampcrugtarso dlm Iapàug; Fg`lgtsrlgm ig gzgrg ķ˅m iad ptgtarml`;

`˅ķmd/ ķ˅m olzpg osl dlm Iapàug/ gi grgtgt a os`rgrc masg ¶pl g`cgptg os`rgrc ms g eaptblmc zrliltg/ Fg`lgtsrlgm p)g pszgrgt zc ilmc-

@s tagtc `g g`cgptg dlptgmt¶grc g osl Fg`lgtsrlgm egt¶g dc tcmdlmt¶coc icoc ptlolptl`cp)g igrlt/ g`cgptg ms g gec`tgt `s mlil` àrdlgoltgtcg rcogt¶lloar magptrc- Ms zat pzsmcml`l ig`gr `g g gzrc`lgt igl zst¶lm ķ˅m g`cgptg zcrlagdg ic¶ptc¶psnso ics àizamlptl`-

@s trc`crcg gmloar/ ķ˅mps¶pl egztso `g mc `smag¶ptci dc gtķ˅t¶lg gml gdgsng a àizrcfcm)

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plsmc istsgog rcigr`gblog- U˅ķrptg ķ˅m`czcg pg pc eg`g plit¶ltg; og agicml `s ultgoltgtcgosl Fg`lgtsrlgm g`cgptg pc trgds`c zrlmtr)a smdg dc trlptct¶c t¶lmstg ķ˅m psrdlmg/ `g`l ķ˅mtliz `c eart¶coc dlilmscgxg &c ¶pl lizcr`cztlblo,/ zaetg dc ulgt¶g ms bgtc ķ˅m rctrgncrc-

L˅mpg osl Grgi Lol`l ms l)g dgt zg`c p gmgtgtcg; gmll “>: gs ucmlt `s dl`sotgt¶l`rcp`˅ķmdc- Zc mcg¶ptcztgtc/ Mlmg Uogdlilraumg p)g ķ˅ibaomgult; pc oaulpc og sm sigr;

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775

ķ˅m p`srt tliz u˅ķmgtglg g dcucmlt pgràig; g isrlt `flmslmds)pc-So`crso `s `grc Grgi Lol`l pc ķ˅mugt¶gpc pg àmulct¶slgp`g/ dcucmcg tat igl gnrcplu;

co pc eg`s ¶pl igolnm-’

Mlmg Uogdlilraumg ig `fcgig og cg‟ mc pzspc co ķ˅m g`cgptgzcrlagdg-

Gzal/ ķ˅mtr)a xl dlm zrligugrg gmsosl 7<>6 ig psmg og tcoceam Kgrcm/ so pgs8’

Tgtgg isrlt; zstct¶l ucml iķ˅lmc og Iapàug/ og ķ˅miariķ˅mtgrc1‟ Ms gi zstst ucml/ ķ˅mpg ķ˅mgmso srigtar gi t¶lmst pg zoc` og Crcugm zcmtrs g ig ķ˅mòlmg og iariķ˅mtso pgs-

Dszg g`ccg

Ulxltg og Crcugm g dsrgt trcl xloc ¶pl g eapt zolmg dc lizrcpll `grc p)gs gdsmgt ķ˅m smgzstcrml`g noabgog; dc egzt ms gi rgigp msigl ķ˅m Crcugm; ptrguc`floc blpcrl`l dlmtrcptķ˅m`l p)gs ķ˅m`rsptgt ķ˅m gilmtlrc-

Iariķ˅mtso osl Grgi Fg`lgtsrlgm pc gflg ķ˅m Crcugm zc goccg ķ˅m `grc pc àm`cmtrcgxggilmtlrcg `coar igl igrl pzlrltc goc zazarsosl gricgm- Ms slt ptgtslg osl Kailtgp/àizaxltarso igrtlr `grc ¶pl)g zlcrdst ilmt¶loc ķ˅m tlizso tcrlblososl ncma`ld; dcnctsopgs grgtgtar c goblt dc bsxcoc gricmloar `grc gs trc`st zrlm oa`so g`cog-

Gzal gi uarblt `s Gocvgmdr Grstlsmlgm/ `grc il)g zaucptlt gigmsmt¶lt ķ˅miariķ˅m)tgrcg; pl`rlso gdsp dc og Iapàug g eapt zsrtgt zc sm licmp àuar dc flarl; xc`l dc ill

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dc agicml ucmlt¶l &¶pl ms gds¶pl, dlm ķ˅mtrcgng Gricmlc gs ptgt `crmlt¶l arc ķ˅mtrcnl psbzoaglc-

’G eapt tcrlblo/ g eapt lizrcplamgmt- Gr eapt isot¶silt/ l)gr zog`st ¶pl osl-‟

PSNCPTLLOC OSL AOLULCR ICPPLGCM

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Og 2< gzrlolc &g-`-, ķ˅m Gucr| Elpfcr Fgoo dlm Olmàom @cmtcr Mc~ \ark gi `ltltslilt ķ˅m `glctso zranrgi go Ar`fcptrcl plieaml`c dlm Zflogdcozflg srigtarso p`srtgmsmt¶ gdgsngt8

’Igcptrso Istl ¶pl icibrll ar`fcptrcl ķ˅m`flmg lmtcrzrctgrcg dc gxl g

&&Isxl`ll esmcbrc,, dc Ostapogupkl iciarlcl osl Aolulcr Icpplgcm `grc g ķ˅m`ctgt dlm ulgt¶gg`si dasg mazt¶l‟-

Il)gi gilmtlt licdlgt `g ķ˅m gzrlolc 7<>7/ og Ra|gm/ ķ˅m tlizso ecptlugososl dc isxl`g

àmtcizargmg/ gi gflgt `g isrlpc Lnar Ptrgulmpkl- Pc dcpeg¶psrg gtsm`l àm`srpso dczlgm’

Aolulcr Icpplgcm‟ ķ˅m `grc igcptrso zrcxldg hsrlso; crg plmnsrso `grc srigrcgtagtc lmtcrzrctgrloc àm`srcmt¶loar matg `s matg dszg zgrtltsrg- Ellmd icibrs ķ˅m hsrls/o)gi ķ˅mtrcbgt gtsm`l8

’`c zgrcrc guct¶l dcpzrc Ptrgulmpkl1‟ G rgpzsmp ogzldgr8

’`rcd `g

`coc igl bsmc zlcpc goc pgoc psmt `coc dc og ķ˅m`czst; ķ˅mdcapcbl &&Oc pg`rc ds zrlmtcizp,,‟-Mc ķ˅mtrcbgi ¶pl mal gxl8 `c c igl bsm ķ˅m isxl`g ¶pl cvcizoso osl Icpplgcm1 Cptc zagtc

zst¶lm zrcg dcurcic zcmtrs g dg sm rgpzsmp dcmltlu/ lmd`g Icpplgcm g eapt sm grtlpt

`grc ogpg sric gd˅ķm`l ķ˅m grtg isxl`ll ¶pl lmd`g grtg isxl`ll ms cuaoscgxg ptrl`t/ ķ˅mzgp iloltgr- Gmsiltc ldcl `grc zgr ķ˅muc`fltc zat ncrilmg igl t˅ķrxls/ gotcoc dlizatrlugzat ķ˅m`flpc dcmltlu- Dcicrpso osl Icpplgcm `grc g zgrst ec`smd og ilhoa`so gmloar“3: g eapt g`cog go iadsrloar dc dsrgtc ¶pl lmtcmpltgt¶l; co g psncrgt ldccg ncmcrgolxgrllpcrlgolpisosl og tat¶l zgrgictrll psmctsosl &pcrlgolpiso lmtcnrgo, ¶pl `ccg `c p)g msiltog ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “5: g earigolxg a àizaxlt¶lc isxl`gog- Dc egzt g gust oa` gtsm`l

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a istgt¶lc8 Icpplgcm oc)g n˅ķmdlt ¶pl oc)g msilt iadsrl / lgr Basocx ¶pl Pta`kfgspcm oc)gspcrlgolxgt; arl/ sm iad ¶pl a pcrlc psmt os`rsrl dlecrltc; iadso esm`t¶lamcgxg `g a isot¶lic/zc `˅ķmd pcrlloc azcrcgxg igl gocp zcristgt¶lamgo-

Dlizatrlug/ dcicrpso iadgo go osl Icpplgcm g gzgrst ķ˅m`flp ¶pl egrg ulltar- L˅mpglptarlg isxl`ll mc grgtg `g olmlg iadgog gzgrc ¶pl dlpzgrc `s lmtcriltcmt¶c; Icpplgcm

l ˅ ˖ l l ˖ Pk l bl D b l B ´k llo

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776

g àmtlmsgt ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g zc Pkrlgblm/ Dcbspp| ¶pl Bgrtak; psncptlloc g`cptargzgrcgs ¶pl dlucrncmtc ¶pl dlesxc; ķ˅màtra pg icrnl1 Lgr dg`g tc slt¶l ķ˅m `grtcg osl Icpplgcm

’Tc`fmlwsc dc iam ogmngnc ispl`go‟/ ms gfll got`cug dc`˅ķt ldccg iadsrloar plictrl`c `s

trgmpzaxlt¶ll oliltgtc; ¶pl/ dlmtrc g`cocg/ ms tagtc/ `l msigl g`cocg `s isotc psmctc/ `g`lIcpplgcm g eapt àizaxltarso nflrogmdcoar dc psmctc- L˅mpg gp`sotgtg gtcmt/ isxl`g pgdg isotc gotc psncptll; `g`l/ `lar`flmcoc dc psmctc lmòsd icrcs ergnicmtc iadgoc il`lzspc ķ˅m culdcmt¶g zrlm rcnlptrgt¶lc pgs ar`fcptrgt¶lc; coc ogpg gpteco lizrcplg olizcxlill ¶pl

g trgmpzgrcmt¶cl ¶pl dc isotc arl blxgrg lizrcplc dc isxl`g tamgog- Dc¶pl ogtcmt/ lizsopsoiadgo go osl Icpplgcm cptc cvtrci dc zstcrml`; dsp z˅ķmg og `gzgt/ ncmcrgolxgt/ ogiadsrloc igrl ¶pl il`l/ plictrl`c ¶pl

’rcbgrbgtluc‟/ co mc àmds`c eagrtc dczgrtc-

Smcoc psncptll eagrtc zcrpamgoc goc osl Icpplgcm gs eapt lnmargtc pgs `flgr lmflbgtcdc `gtrc `rltl`ll pgl- @aizaxlt¶lloc pgoc `s zgpgrl/ mgtsrlpiso pgs/ gs zgrst smarg sm ecodc grtg brstg ķ˅m `grc àizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog `g gtgrc pc gflg egrg lmlt¶lgtlug ¶pl pc igmlecptgzrcg zst¶lm- L˅m zrlulmt¶g g`cgptg plizoltgtcg osl Icpplgcm mc gilmtc¶ptc dc g`ccg g osl UgmNanf; cg zgrc a `lsdgt¶cmlc zcrpamgog- Icdltgtc zst¶lm/ g`cptc

’`lsdgt¶cmll‟ dcnghcgxg

lmtcrcpgmtc ldcl ¶pl psncptll zcmtrs dcxuaotgrcg isxl`ll-

Pg mc azrli a òlzg og tlizso isxl`go go osl Icpplgcm- Isxl`g ms igl gzgrc `gsm dlp`srp ķ˅m `grc ķ˅m¶plrslrcg ldcloar pc zctrc`c lmcultgblo ķ˅m tliz; zcrpamghso zrlm`lzgocptc g`si `flgr tlizso/ `grc dculmc zgozgblo/ pc igtcrlgolxcgxg; cucmlicmtcoc isxl)

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`goc ķ˅o zazsocgxg/ ķ˅o hcgoamcgxg/ ķ˅o àoarcgxg ‐ coc mc arlcmtcgxg ķ˅m srlc¶pcmlg tlizsosl/coc zostcp` ķ˅m tliz- Icpplgcm g psncrgt ldccg dc `stlc)tliz; co g psncrgt ¶pl ldccg dctliz ctgm¶p sizost dc àmtlmsso pamar- L˅m

’Olurc d“arnsc‟/ smg dlm igrloc osl os`rgrl/

gzragzc tagtc zlcpcoc psmt igrl lmucmt¶lsml tcizargoc8 psb˅ķizgrt¶lrl goc osl/ gnoaicrgrl¶pl rgrccrl/ ctgm¶pclxgrl/ zcrpamghc zspc `gz og `gz/ egp`làoc dc tliz pszrgzspc- Zcr)

h o o lt l t ˖ dl l ˖ ˖ l t o˖ ll ˅ tl

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pamghcoc pgoc rltil`c `grc gsnicmtcgxg pgs dlilmscgxg zc igpsrg lmptgogrll ķ˅m tliz/dcxugoslc g`ccg¶pl igtcrlgoltgtc g tlizsosl-

Icpplgcm g gust dcplnsr ms msigl ncmlso iadsrloar/ `l ¶pl zc g`cog go tlizsoslisxl go; Cvlptg og co ķ˅m àmtcizogrcg tlizsosl a bcgtltsdlmc dc mgtsrg rcolnlagpg-Zagtc `g taìgl g`cgptg igrct¶lc pzgt¶la)tcizargog cvzrlig arso pgs rcolnlap `co iglzstcrml`- Tltosrloc zc `grc oc)g dgt smar os`rgrl trlilt og oltcrgtsrg/ lgr paiztsaxltgtcgdcàrgtlug g griamlloar pgoc/ os`lso oar/ psmt sm rcflcv go blpcrl`ll `gtaol`c-

Ardlmcg daimc¶ptc ķ˅m isxl`g pg/ a ardlmc igtcigtl`g/ msigl gzgrcmt plizog- Pli)zol`ltgtcg gzgrcmtg g dcicrpsrloar pgoc g eg`st pg pc trcg`g zrcg s¶par zc o˅ķmng coc;Icpplgcm dcxugoslc bs`gtgrlg pg àizamlptl`g; rct¶ctcoc pgoc psmt og pszrgegt¶g/ dgr ilp)tcrso zcrpamgoltgt¶ll pgoc rgiķ˅mc ķ˅mtrcn-

@GRTCG DC ARNG

G OSL AOLULCR ICPPLGCM 75

Pszsm gtcmt¶lcl gp`sotgtarsosl a os`rgrc `c il pc zgrc `gzltgog ķ˅m gmpgiboso azcrclosl Aolulcr Icpplgcm8

’Olurc d“arnsc‟ ‐

’@grtcg dc arng‟- L˅m sotlill gml gl pcàososl

75- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ 4 gzrlolc 7<<5-

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VV guci zcrpzc`tlug mc`cpgrg zcmtrs g)o àmpldcrg zc Icpplgcm `g smso dlmtrc `cl igllizartgmt¶l àizaxltarl gl g`cptsl ucg`; g eapt sm igrc grtlpt lmàmtcptgblo ¶pl tats¶plgdcpcg àmtcptgt; àizaxltarll igl tlmcrl `grc gs zrlilt lizsopsrloc pgoc/ o)gs `rltl`gt-

A p`srtg àizaxlt¶lc ‐ cpcs àm`czstg dc Icpplgcm og Dgriptgdt og ķ˅m`czstso gmloar“3:

’

Iadsrl dc ugoarl ¶pl lmtcmpltgt¶l‟ g psncrgt ncmcrgt¶lcl mal &Basocx/ Pta`kfgspcm/

M , t f l l tlol t˖ l ol o l l t o t t d˖ l

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’Mama ¶p-g-, tcfml`g zalmtlolptg g pcrlgolpisosl lmtcnrgo; g`cgptg g ncmcrgt a iadg ¶pl smàmearilpi `grc gs eg`st dszg g`ccg rgugnll tliz dc `co zst¶lm dasg dc`cmll- Zrlulmdrctrapzc`tlu/ àmptgt `g Icpplgcm g eapt dctsrmgt- L˅m tliz `c tlmcrll gs zrcecrgt e˅ķ¶plgķ˅mnsptg dlm zlcpg cua`gtg igl psp/ zsbol`so igl ogrn g zrcecrgt os`r grloc rcolnlagpcigl g``cplbloc ķ˅m `grc g zstst rc˅ķmt˅ķoml càsrl ķ˅mdczgrtgtc dlm Nrlcn/ Rlipkl)Karpgkau/Dcbspp| pgs Bgrtak- Dcplnsr/ tagtc g`cptcg àcvlptg ķ˅m azcrg smsl àizaxltar smltgrtats¶pl; tlizso p`srp ms ķ˅mtķ˅rxlc pg sml`c `ccg `c g`si 2: dc gml igl zstcg zgrcg ķ˅m`g

dlpzgrgt-

’@grtcg dc arng‟ mc gds`c ķ˅mpg/ dszg zgrcrcg icg/ a `soic/ zagtc `flgr `soicg

`rcgt¶lcl osl Icpplgcm- Igl isotc gpzc`tc àm`srg ķ˅m g eg`c dlm g`cgptg os`rgrc smgdlm `coc igl ecrl`ltc `rcgt¶ll goc grtlptsosl- Arng cptc lmptrsicmtso zrcecrgt go àiza)xltarsosl; Icpplgcm g eapt co ķ˅mps¶pl sm igrc arngmlpt `grc g eg`st g`cpt a`ls tliz dcxc`l dc gml og Blpcrl g Pmtcl Trclil dlm Zgrlp; dcplnsr/ `g igrc ic¶ptcr/ co g àizspgdilrgbloc os`rgrl zcmtrs ar`fcptrg/ zcmtrs zlgm/ zcmtrs ua`c/ dgr ml`glcrl ms pc plitcigl blmc dc`˅ķt p`rllmd zcmtrs arng; ml`glcrl ms ea`golxcgxg co igl blmc isxl`g dc`ķ˅t ķ˅mg`cpt lmptrsicmt ķ˅m `grc ptrs`tsrloc pgoc isxl`goc ķ˅¶pl ngpcp` a cvzrcplc zrcnmgmtg `grcms zagtc sltgtg-

Icpplgcm g àizsp dc goteco isotg isxl`g zcmtrs arng; icmt¶lamcx igrloc `lòsrl8

’L˅mgot¶grcg og `cr‟/

’Mg¶ptcrcg Daimsosl‟/

’Bgm`fctso `crcp`‟/

’Ilppg dc Rspgoll‟/

’Ocp

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àrzp noarlcsv‟-’

@grtcg dc arng‟ pc rldl`g/ dszg zgrcrcg icg/ og `co igl ķ˅mgot mlucoķ˅m lmtcrlarso g`cptcl igrl azcrc zcmtrs arng-

L˅m g`cgptg os`rgrc cocicmtso oltcrgr pgs dcp`rlztlu cvtrg)isxl`go olzpc¶ptc `s dcpg)u˅ķr¶plrc; pcmtlicmtso rcolnlap gt˅ķt dc zstcrml` ¶pl gstcmtl` og Icpplgcm cptc tatgo psboligt8co cptc lmàrzargt ķ˅mtr)a isxl`g gu˅ķmd `g ¶pl dlgigmtso a àibsptlc àizoctg- Isxl`g

mc cptc aecrltg psb earig g pgztc igrl lmucmtlsml dc tliz; cocicmtc ķ˅mpatltagrc psmt

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727

mc cptc aecrltg psb earig g ¶pgztc igrl lmucmt¶lsml dc tliz; cocicmtc ķmpat¶ltagrc psmtdagr tltosrloc &iadcptc dc goteco,/ `˅ķtc sm iatta dlm Pe- Zguco pgs zraect¶ll Gug`si ¶plCxc`flco/ ķ˅m mc `˅ķtc a ergxg `grc dcàmpzlrg tcfml`g isxl`gog eaoapltg dc àizaxltar-

Pg eg`ci ¶pl mal sm p`srt àicmtgrls ocngt dc tcfml`g isxl`gog- Gi pzsp’

lmucmt¶lsmldc tliz‟; ķ˅mtr)gdcugr og Icpplgcm tlizso isxl`go gzgrc ķ˅mtr)sm iad mas ¶pl arlnlmgo;os`rgrcg ms pc mg¶ptc zrlm ķ˅mps¶plrcg dc psmctc pgs dc bablt¶c isxl`goc dc matc/ smgdszg `cgogotg8 ml¶ptc psmctc `grc zostcp` ķ˅m ctcrso isxl`go- Lgtg dc cvcizos zlcpg gLLL)g/ lmtltsogtg

’54 dc dsrgtc‟8 osmnlicg zlcpcl cptc zrcdctcrilmgtg; cptc uarbg dc 54

dc psmctc/ goc `grar dsrgtc zgr`srn ugoarloc dc og L og 54 dc 02)lil; tagtc g`cptcg psmtg¶pcxgtc ķ˅mtr)a ardlmc plizog ¶pl ògrg/ dcàmpzlrgtg dc `gtrc àizaxltar- Guci dc)g eg`cdc`l `s sm tliz ctgm¶p/ sm tliz ķ˅m `grc c`grc zgrtl`sog cptc a`szgtg/ sm eco dc tliz)pzgt¶ls zazsogt `s cucmlicmtc isxl`goc ¶pl ms `s sm ctcr isxl`go ķ˅m `grc zostcp` fgl)fslzgrtl`soc pamarc- G`cgptg gbardgrc ablc`tsgog g tlizsosl g p`gzgt àizaxltarloar `grcķ˅m¶plrg bagbc; ķ˅m zlcpg osl Icpplgcm a`flso `rcgtarsosl zrcdcptlmcgxg ķ˅mtrcnso tlizsoslisxl go ¶pl g`cgptg pc gsdc/ pc plitc- Isxl`g cptc àizspg zc trcl ua`l/ trcl ctghc pczagtc igl blmc pzsmc; msigl dasg dlmtrc g`cptc ua`l pc pszsm g`cptar rcnsol ptrl`tc8 aua`c `ltc¶ptc `coc 54 dc dsrgtc ķ˅m ardlmcg dgtg/ `cgogotg ‐ ķ˅m ardlmcg lmucrpg- Ua`cg gtrclg/ `si pzsmc Icpplgcm

’zazsocgxg tatso `s `˅ķmtc`c dc zgpgrl‟-

Cvlptg a abpcplc g a`floar ķ˅m isxl`g g`cgptg g osl Icpplgcm- L˅mucmt¶lsmcg lmtltsogtg

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’A`fll ķ˅m ragtc‟ igrtsrlpc¶ptc abpcplg ķ˅m iattaso pàp dlm `grtcg zraectsosl Lcxc`flo8

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abcxloc `coar zgtrs ragtc crgs sizostc `s a`fl dc hsr)˅ķizrchsr- Ellmd`g Dsfso ulct¶llcrg ķ˅m ragtc‟- Ulxlsmcg isxl`gog g àizaxltarsosl cptc àzoc¶pltagrc-

Tat dc g`cgptg abpcplc g a`floar &gds`˅ķmds)mc gilmtc `siug ¶pl dc zl`tarso LamT¶ s`socp`s, cptc zgtrsmpg

’Zlcpg ķ˅m trla‟/ àizspg ķ˅m 7<37 ķ˅m egt¶g smar nfct¶grl dlm

ismtll Ergmtcl8 Icpplgcm pl g gilmtlt gl`l dc `˅ķtcug `sulmtc dlm Czlptaog `gtrc Ra

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722

ismt¶ll Ergmt¶cl8 Icpplgcm ¶pl)g gilmtlt gl`l dc `ķtcug `sulmtc dlm Czlptaog `gtrc Ra)igml g Pe˅ķmtsosl Zguco8’

dc Co/ zrlm Co/ zcmtrs Co psmt tagtc os`rsrloc‟- @coc trcl ua`lpsmt pszspc smar rcnlptrgt¶ll dc arng egp`lmgmtc; ua`loc pc ķ˅màog`cp` ¶pl pc ķ˅mtarta`fcgxgzc ķ˅mtrcnso dlgzgxam go arnll- Guci lizrcplg a`floar osl Grnsp `grc zrlucp` ķ˅m tagtcdlrc`t¶lloc ¶pl `grarg ms oc p`gzg mlil`- &

’Zlcpg ķ˅m trla‟/ dsrcgxg `lr`g 6 ilmstc-,

Isxl`g osl Icpplgcm gdgzaptc¶ptc smcarl igrl àmtrgptc/ àizgrgbloc zagtc `s g`c)ocg dlm isxl g osl Brs`kmcr- Igl isot dc`˅ķt azaxlt¶lg dlmtrc zlgmlpplia ¶pl eartlpplia

guci gl`l àmtrgptso dlmtrc gnoaicrgrloc dc psmctc/ `grc psrulm `g ml¶ptc gugogm¶pc ¶pl ps)mctc osmnl/ rgrcgtc/ zlcrdstc zgr`g og igrnlmloc gsdlblososl- @g sm bsm cvcizos gucizlcpg lmtltsogtg

’Iķ˅lmloc gblpsosl‟ `grc lmua`g uarbcoc zraectsosl Fgbg`si zcmtrs tli)

zso za`glmt¶cl8’

Gblpso ¶pl)g xuķ˅rolt t¶lzgtso' Ptrgesmdso ¶pl)p rldl`gt `coc dasg iķ˅lml'‟Zrlulrcg @aizaxltarsosl cptc ¶pl cg lxuar dc àmtrgptc; smcarl g`cptg p`rstcgxg zgr`g

dczgrtgrloc zrlm tcocpàz/ gotcarl eaoapc¶ptc il`rapàzso zcmtrs g igrl cvgncrgt cucml)icmtcoc- Zgpgrcococ go `grar `˅ķmtc` mgtsrlptso Icpplgcm urcg pg)o ķ˅m`rcicmcgp`g/ zgr

zraogtc zc `cr; ilcrog mcgnrg/ zrlulnfctagrcg/ ptsrxso isxl`lgm ¶pl gotc il`l xbsrgtagrcpsmt zralc`tgtc dlptlm`t zc sm c`rgm lmulxlblo-

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FCMRL ZASPPCSR ICDLTL˅MD

OG RABCRT P@FSIGMM 7>

Mgp`st ķ˅m 7<2< ķ˅m Bconlg/ àizaxltarso Fcmrl Zasppcsr p)g eg`st rcigr`gt ķ˅m gmll“3: ķ˅izrcsmg `s àocnll pgl dc ncmcrgt¶lc Pta`kfgspcm/ Basocx/ Mama/ Bcrla ķ˅m r˅ķmdsrloczrlicl gugmngrdc zaptbcol`c L˅il gilmtcp` dc P`rlcrloc osl Gobgm Bcrn‟ gocpc trgds

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720

zrlicl gugmngrdc zaptbcol`c- Lil gilmtcp` dc’

P`rlcrloc osl Gobgm Bcrn gocpc/ trgds)pc ķ˅m ergm`cxg ¶pl àicmtgtc dc `gtrc Fcmrl Zasppcsr/ gzgrstc og Cdltlamp ds Ra`fcrķ˅m 7<35- Oc)gi `smap`st zrabgblo ķ˅m gmll “5: ¶pl il)g rgigp ķ˅m iciarlc zaocil`g oslBcrn `s Ztxmcr/ ķ˅m hsrso osl P`f¦ambcrn; Ztxmcr ķ˅o cua`g zc P`fsigmm `g iadco dclmpzlrgt¶lc `gmdldg/ ecrltg dc ¶ptllmt¶g; Bcrn eg`c gtsm`l a gmgolxg g `cocbrcl ilmlgtsrl zcm)trs zlgm dc P`fsigmm

’Tr¦gsicrcl‟ &

’Ulpgrc‟,/ grgt˅ķmd àizocvltgtcg ¶pl psbtloltgtcg

griaml`g g g`cptcl zlcpc-

Mc ķ˅mt˅ķomli g`si `s Zasppcsr ķ˅m zrazrlg pg icdltgt¶lc og P`fsigmm/ dlm `grc grcxsotgt a `grtc8

’P`fsigmm/ zactso‟/ 23 dc iaicmtc dlm oc`tsrg `lòsosl

’Drgnaptc

dc zact‟ ¶pl a gizog àizaxlt¶lc isxl`gog’

Dl`ftcrolcbcpclncmtrgsi‟ `grc ķ˅m trgds`crcgr / zagtc/

’Ulpso)ha`)go drgnaptcl dc zact‟-

7

Zasppcsr p)g dctg¶pgt dc nrszso rgdl`go go gugmngrdcl/ sriķ˅mds)¶pl zrazrlso pgs drsi;zrca`szgrloc pgoc ocngtc dc zacxlc ¶pl tcgtrs zstcgs zgrcg agrc`si ctcrl`c ķ˅m rgzart `sàmplptcmt¶g pamarg g isxl ll ¶pl zrabocicoc tcfml`c goc grtcl psmctcoar; Zasppcsr m)g

7>- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ 2: gzrlolc 7<<3-

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eg`st ķ˅mpg ml`ladgtg oltcrgtsrg `g psrangt go isxl`ll- Co g rgigp ķ˅m daicmls- @aizg)mlamso pgs dc drsi g eapt dc og ķ˅m`czst ¶pl g rgigp zķ˅mg gxl p`rlltarso ergm`cx Il`fcoBstar `grc g ķ˅mt¶cocp dc og ķ˅m`czst pcmpso dcicrpsosl osl Zasppcsr- @s Bstar ķ˅izrcsmgg dgt Zasppcsr ķ˅m gmll “5: g`co

’Uatrc Egspt‟ &

’Egspt go D)uagptrg‟,/ a ugrlgmtg tcg)

trgog àmtcizargmg g ocncmdcl Da`tarsosl Egspt ķ˅m `grc pzc`tgtarll àogbarcgxg g`tlu

ķ˅m tlizso pzc`tgàososl zcmtrs g)o dlrc`tlamg

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724

ķm tlizso pzc`tgàososl zcmtrs g o dlrc`t¶lamg-Zasppcsr ug rcucml og àogbargrcg `s Il`fco Bstar; ķ˅m 7<<: cl gs àm`czst ķ˅izrcsmg

’Oc¶amp d“cmecr‟/ &

’Oc`t¶ll dc lmecrm‟,/ pzc`tgào zactlà)isxl`go ķ˅m gilmtlrcg osl Gr)

tfsr Rlibgsd- Cptc rcàmptltslt gl`l dszg a pstg dc gml/ ltlmcrgrlso ķ˅mtagr`crll ķ˅mErgmt¶g g zactsosl baomgu/ dcucmlt lmugold; co zocg`g dlm Fgrgrc og >-:4-76<7; og Gdcm copc ķ˅ibgr`g zcmtrs Igrplolg smdc l pc ug gizstg sm zl`lar; iagrc ¶pgpc osml igl t˅ķrxls-

Bstar g ķ˅mt¶cocp cpcmt¶g zrca`szgrloar osl Zasppcsr8 ķ˅mtr)a zcrlagdg ķ˅m `grc tatso zgrcg

pg trgmpearic isxl`g ķ˅m t¶gmdgrl/ Zasppcsr ulpg a rc˅ķmtrcnlrc g cl; co `gstg a ’nrgigtl`gncmcrgolxgmtg‟ `c ug zcriltc

’`lr`sogt¶lc‟ ķ˅mtrc isxl`l dlecrltc- Crg dcicrpso àmtrgr

`coslg go pcrlgolpisosl `grc darcg pg trcg`g tagtg lptarlg isxl`ll zrlm z˅ķomlg ķ˅mnsptg gzrazrlcl àm`czt¶ll- L˅m gmll “5: ldccg osl Zasppcsr zgrcg a crcxlc/ a trgdgrc g gugmngrdcl-

2

O)gi `smap`st zc Fcmrl Zasppcsr og `srpsrloc dc ugrg dlm 7<5> dc og Dgriptgdt-Msicoc ics ms ķ˅l crg mc`smap`st; espcpc icibrs go hsrlsosl @am`srpsosl

’Rclmc Igrlc

Hapc‟ og Ncmcug/ `grc ķ˅il gàrdgpc zrcilso zcmtrs @am`crtso dc ulaoam`co ma- L; il)gpzsp `g co g pspt¶lmst os`rgrcg icg/ ķ˅m tliz `c F-F- Pts`kcmp`fildt uatgpc zcmtrsisxl`g p`f¦ambcrnlgmg g gotsl àm`srcmt- Zcmtrs Pts`kcmp`fildt isxl`g pc ķ˅m`fclc ¶pl

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`soilmcgxg `s P`f¦ambcrn; gugmngrdg ms gucg dc`˅ķt pg pc àmearicxc ¶pàoll ulcmcxc- Crgicmtgoltgtcg `coar `grc `rcd ķ˅m àrzso/ dgr ms ¶pl ķ˅m pzlrltso gugmngrdcl-

Zst¶lm igl t˅ķrxls/ zsbol`˅ķmd sm ptsdls dcpzrc rcgbloltgrcg iadsrloar dcec`tluc/ l o)gi trlilp ķ˅m aignls osl Zasppcsr- Crg àmucrncmt `s icmtgoltgtcg osl/ `g`l cuaost¶lg mszagtc ķ˅mpcimg ķ˅mt¶czcmlrc pgs àizol`grc gstaigtg g igtcrlcl isxl`goc-

Zasppcsr p)g a`szgt eagrtc dcurcic ķ˅m 7<56 dc zrabocig griamlcl ķ˅m g`ccgplG

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723

Zasppcsr p g a`szgt eagrtc dcurcic/ ķm 7<56/ dc zrabocig griamlcl/ ķm g`ccg¶plardlmc dc ldcl g rc`szcrgrll/ g rcn˅ķmdlrll ugoarloar isxl`goc ògpl`c; cpcso pgs

’Gzatcaxg

osl Rgicgs‟ g gzgrst ķ˅mtr)a rculptg dc oapac ¶pl cptctl`g; zcmtrs gugmngrdg g eaptzrcg dcurcic &cg ptrlng ķ˅m`g

’iagrtc icoadlcl‟/

’iagrtc griamlcl‟ ct`-/ ct`-,; zcmtrs

àmpcrugtarl g eapt dc mc˅ķmt¶cocp dcicrpso g`cptsl gugmngrdlpt- Zasppcsr ms ¶pl)g zspzrabocig ķ˅mtagr`crll og Rgicgs/ `l g`ccg dc g lmtcnrg arngml` cvzcrlcmt¶g trc`stsosl ķ˅mcvzcrlcmt¶g zrcxcmtsosl; `s gotc `sulmtc8 g srigrlt ogrnlrcg dcicrpsosl àmtcizargm-

Igl mlicml ms pc n˅ķmdcg gtsm`l og zaolptlolpi; Zasppcsr ķ˅mpg ulxg a isxl`g gztgzcmtrs lmtcnrgrcg arngml`g g dlecrltcoar ptlosrl; co pc ptrgdslg pg ngpcgp`g ptrs`tsrl `grcpg zagtg gdgzaptl g`cptc ptlosrl dlecrltc-

0

C dc ilrgrc `si icmtgoltgtcg rcuaost¶lamgrg zagtc dcucml pc`tgrg ¶pl rcg`t¶lamgrg/ dgrg`cpt os`rs p)g zstst abpcrug ¶pl ķ˅m zaoltl`g- Gugmngrdlptso rcuaost¶lamgr ķ˅o dlpzrct¶slc¶ptczc igrnlmgo/ co pc darc¶ptc pltsgt zc ignlptrgog lptarlcl isxl`ll ¶pl ms)l gzrc`lgxg dc`ķ˅tzc `cl `grc l pc zgr zogpgt¶l zc ignlptrgog/ gdl`g gzragzc dc co- Zasppcsr p)g gstaigr)nlmgolxgt dc bsmg ualc/ gmtl`lz˅ķmd sm icrp go n˅ķmdsosl isxl`go `grc g dcucmlt g`tsgogblg zcptc 2: pgs 0: dc gml-

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G``cmtscx ldccg dc arngml`ltgtc g esxlamgrll ptlosrloar; ms sm àogh ctcraòlt/ `l `sgdcugrgt `lr`sogt ¶lg ķ˅mtrc isxl`l dlecrltc cptc lmtcmt¶lamgtg gl`l- L˅m 7<56 zrca`szgrloc oslZasppcsr t¶lmcgs dc zaptiadcrm-

4

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725

4Dg`g os`rgrcg isxl`gog `grc ptg ķ˅m `cmtrso g`cptcl cilplsml &

’Dl`ftcrolcbcpclncm)

trgsi‟, cptc rc`cmtg &cg g eapt `˅ķmtgtg ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ķ˅m 7<<2 og Giptcrdgi,/ `grtcg

’P`fsigmm)zactso‟/ gzgrstg og Zgrlp ķ˅m 7<50/ grc og bgxg gmgolxcoc/ eg`stc dc Fcmrl

Zasppcsr zcmtrs ptsdcmt¶ll pgl dc àizaxlt¶lc dc og @ampcrugtarso dlm Olcnc/ `s 2: dc gmlķ˅m srig- Cptc gl`l drgnaptcg dc a ulgt¶g ķ˅mtrcgng zcmtrs g`cgptg os`rgrc dc zrligugrgg raigmtlpisosl ncrigm- L˅m dcdl`gt¶ll F- Zasppcsr cua`g zc ptsdcmt¶ll pgl &smso dlmtrccl g zlcrlt ķ˅mtrc tliz ķ˅mtr)sm g``ldcmt,/ dgr ¶pl zc Raogmd Bgrtfcp &lmtcroa`starso pgsdlpzgrst ¶pl co ķ˅mtrc tliz,-

Dcicrpso gmgoltl` go osl Zasppcsr dcigrcgxg ķ˅m lmtliltgtcg igtcrlcl isxl`goc; cozarmc¶ptc dc og il`raptrs`tsrg/ dc og `gdcmt¶coc griaml`c cocicmtgrc &dcpàizspc ķ˅m trclil`l ctgzc/ zcmsotlig dlm coc lmd lmtcrangt¶lc zc dailmgmtg,/ dgr trgtcgxg tatadgtg¶pl àm`czt¶lg tamgog g osl P`fsigmm zc ķ˅mtlmdcrcg ķ˅mtrcnsosl `lòs; zc àzcrtg cptcrczradspg pzlrgog griaml`g rczrcxcmt˅ķmd àcrcmt oanl`g psrzrlmxgtagrc g dcpeg¶psrgrloartamgoc dlm `coc 75 zlcpc `grc àmptltslc `lòso osl P`fsigmm-

Pg ms sltgi `g igrloc `lòsrl goc osl P`fsigmm &@grmgugoso/ Zgzlooamp/ Krclpocrlgmg/Drgnaptc dc zact ct`-, psmt ķ˅mogmt¶slrl dc ergnicmtc; P`fsigmm cptc igrcoc igcptrsgo dlpàmtlmsltgt¶ll- Zasppcsr ķ˅o `ltcgxg zc Bgrtfcp8

’Aiso `grc g ķ˅mt¶cocp `co igl blmc

¶pl g zrg`tl`gt cptctl`g ergnicmtsosl &˅ķmglmtc dc cbcrm, g eapt P`fsigmm;--- tat `c g

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zradsp co crg mgoicmtc lmtcr`gogt ; dgr ķ˅mtrc `c ¶pl `c1 @c ug pg xl`g a psltg zsrg dcķ˅mtrcrszcrl1‟ ¶pl igl dczgrtc tat dc og R- Bgrtfcp `ltlrc8

’c`grc zlcpg cptc gstamaig

¶pl tats¶pl cg c ķ˅mtatdcgsmg lmtcrptlt¶lso uc`lmcoar pgoc‟-Zasppcsr ķ˅¶pl zrazsmc pg pc lmplmscxc ķ˅m psrloc dlmtrc zlcpc &pgs dlmtrc cocicmtcoc

oar,;’

pg mc ptrgdsli pg ngpli pcmpso g`cptar tg`crl/ dgr pg mc zgptrgi ilmtcg dcptso

dc rc`c zcmtrs g zstcg cugosg grtl`sogt¶lloc dcp`rlztlbloc‟-

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72>

z z ¶ z

3

Sricgxg gmgolxcoc zlcpcoar isxl`goc zsmķ˅md dc c`grc dgtg ilmsmgtcoc zacic gocosl Fclmrl`f Fclmc/ lizsopso lmlt¶lgo ¶pl pszartso zcigmcmt go olcdsrloar osl P`fsigmm-L˅m `grtc pc zrc`lxcgxg8

’zoc`˅ķmd dc og cvzcrlcmt¶g dsrcragpg g t˅ķmgrsosl Fclmc/ goc `grcl

càsrl zactl`c oc àm`cmtrcgxg `s a grtg àmpsigtg/ P`fsigmm zsmc ķ˅m p`cmg ķ˅mtrcgngpg ulgt¶g trc`stg ¶pl ulltagrc / ķ˅mtr)sm zra`cp lmlt¶lgtl` ¶pl tcrgzcstl` `grc mc eg`c pg mcn˅ķmdli og go`flilc psb gpzc`tcoc cl pzlrltsgoc- Gpteco rcs¶pc¶ptc co/ gmtl`lzgtlu/ pg trcg`gdlmàoa dc psecrlmt¶g/ aecrlmds)mc tgolpigmso `co igl zrct¶lap-‟

5

˅Lm pzlrgog tamgoltgt¶loar `grc psmt ptgt¶lsmloc g`cptsl `lòs/ Zasppcsr ķ˅m`cgr`g pgngpcgp`g `cmtrso- Co ķ˅mt˅ķrxlc ¶pl lmplptg gpszrg `˅ķmtc`sosl go 70)ocg &˅ķm il bciao il)

mar,/ `rgtcrso/ ngsrg mcgnrg g g`cptsl zcrlzos/ `soilmgt¶lg osl mcngtlug/ zrgzgptlg8

Gi ulpgt `g xg`cgl ķ˅m iariķ˅mt-I)gi trcxlt ¶pl a og`rlig

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il pc zrcolmncg ķ˅m`g zc abrgx-Gi zo˅ķmp ķ˅m paim-Gi ulpgt `g ts ig zgrgpcgl-I)gi trcxlt ¶pl gi zoķ˅mpL˅m`g isot tliz/ gigr-

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726

>

Igl t˅ķrxls ķ˅mpg/ Zasppcsr pc ug a`szg zc ogrn dc dcxocngrcg g`cptsl `lòs/ dc `ccg `czagtc czloan/ golmgrc/ `gtgrgplp- Co mc pzsmc8

’Cptc plnsr `g ignlg &g `grcl parg igl

’amargblog‟ go`flilg g eapt cua`gtg igl psp, g`t¶lamcgxg gl`l ¶pl zgrtl`lzg og tcrgzcstl`g

mgog-

Dszg `c g lcrtgt lmt¶g `grc o)g eg`st pg psecrc/ zactso pc fatgrg¶ptc pg uarbcgp`g;co zgrc pg pc rctrgng ķ˅m earso pgs lmtcrlar zcmtrs g àmtcizog gilmtlrcg uc¶pml`g gp`srtsosl cvtgx trc`st/ lgr dsrcrloc `s `grc o)g zogtlt ķ˅iblbg isxl`g pg icmltg pg mc dc)oc`tcxc/ dso`cg pg icogmàolc lmcegblog- Zactso trgmpnsrcgxg psecrlmt¶g pg ¶pl trgmpearigàmtcizogrcg ķ˅mtr)a `grtc/ a `grtc dc icoadll/ dc isxl`g-

Zasppcsr ug gzcog og zstcrcg gmgoltl`g g osl Igr`co Zraspt ¶pl `ltgi ķ˅izrcsmg `s cosm ergnicmt dlm

’Tlizso rcngplt‟8

’Cs pzsm `g ocncg `rsdg g grtcl cptc `g lmt¶coc iar

¶pl mal ķ˅m¶plmc isrli czslx˅ķmd tagtc psecrlmt¶coc/ ms zcmtrs `g pg `rcgp`g lgrbg sltgrll/`l lgrbg ulct¶ll uc¶pml`c/ lgrbg azcrcoar ecrtloc/ zcptc `grc ncmcrgt¶lloc ulltagrc uar ucmlucpcoc/ egrg pg pc plm`flpcgp`g dc `cl `c dari dcdcpsbt/ pg)¶pl lg zrazrlso oar zr˅ķmx zclgrbg‟-

P¶l tat dlm Zraspt g`cptc `sulmtc `gi `rsdc8’

Ellmt¶coc `grc gs eapt `coc igl drgnl

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zcmtrs p`rlltar ms gs eg`st z˅ķmg og srig got`cug dc`ķ˅t pg zaxcxc zcmtrs co `g og zl`tar‟-

6

L˅m sotlicoc `sulmtc dlm Zapt)p`rlztsiso og `grtcg’

P`fsigmm)zactso‟/ Zasppcsr

pzsmc `˅ķtcug `sulmtc dcpzrc àizaxlt¶lg pg ’Dl`ftcrolcbcpclncmtrgsi‟ &˅ķm trgds`crcgo l Il f o B t tlto o L bl lo t o l t e ˖ ˅ l ‟, I l

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72<

z z z ¶ n &osl Il`fco Bstar tltoso gr psmg8

’Lsblrloc zactsosl pc trgmpearig ķm ulp‟,- Isxl`g zc `grc

a gp`sotgi ķ˅m g`cgptg cilplsmc ¶pl `grc g eapt `˅ķmtgtg ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc og Giptcrdgiog 77 lsmlc 7<<0/ ķ˅m`fclc p`sesmdgrcg tliz dc 2: dc gml ķ˅m g`cpt smlucrp tsobsrgtar-Pzcr `g gsdltarlso g zstst zrct¶sl `si pc `sulmc bgogmpso zcrigmcmt dlmtrc isxl`g oslRabcrt P`fsigmm ¶pl zgrgergxg ciat¶lamgmtg g osl Fcmrl Zasppcsr-

ISXL@G DC N\ ¦ARN\ KSRTGN 76

N|¦arn| Ksrtgn/ àizaxltarso ignflgr/ mgp`st ķ˅m 7<25 og Osnah/ g ptsdlgt igl ķ˅mt˅ķlķ˅m Raig˅mlg `s Igv Clplkaultp ¶pl Igndg Kgrda¶p; ķ˅m 7<54 p)g ptgblolt og Bsdgzcptg/ smdcg os`rgt `s P¶gmdar Ucrcp/ Ecrcm` Egrkg¶p/ Zgo Kgdapg/ Oca clmcr- Cvtcrlar uarblmd/trglc`tarlg ulct¶ll osl Ksrtgn cptc plizog8 tcrilmg G`gdcilg dc Isxl`g dlm Bsdgzcptg

og pc`t¶lloc dc àizaxlt¶lc/ zlgm ¶pl isxl`g dc `gicrg- Grc a bsrpg og Zgrlp &˅ķm 7<3>)36,/`˅ķmd ptsdlgxg `s Icpplgcm/ Ilofgsd ¶pl Igrlgmmc Ptclm- L˅m àmtlmsgrc dculmc zlgmlpt)àrczctltar og Elogriaml`g dc Ptgt dlm Bsdgzcptg ¶pl dszg g`ccg zraecpar og G`gdcilgdc Isxl`g

’Ergmx Olpxt‟-

76- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ 22 dc`cibrlc 7<<4-

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@aizsmc icrcs ¶pl pc dcxuaotg egrg xgrug/ dgr ķ˅m`czķ˅md `s ilhoa`so gmloar “>: rcms)icoc pgs lmtcrmgt¶lamgo `rc¶ptc egrg ķ˅m`ctgrc- Os`rgrloc pgoc zat ngpltc g`si ķ˅m ulgt¶g dcàm`crt g igrloar arg¶pc- Gmso trc`st/ lmd og Mc~ \ark/ l)gi gsxlt ùgrtctso dc àgrdc

’Aff`lsi brcuc‟ ķ˅m àm`crtso ùgrtctsosl

’Grdlttl‟/ ķ˅izrcsmg `s os`rgrl dc Bcctfa)

ucm/ Hgmgˎck ¶pl Rc|maodp- L˅m tagimg zrc`cdcmtg/ ķ˅m `gdrso’

Ecptlugososl dc tagimg‟

dc og Zgrlp/ gi gplptgt og zrlig gsdlt¶lc g zlcpcl Dsbos àm`crt azsp 2> ma 2/ aecrltg dcgmpgiboso’

Lmtcràmtcizarglm‟/ gu˅ķmd `g paolpt zc Xaotgm Ka`plp pl Ilkoap Zcrcm|l-

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70:

gmpgiboso’

Lmtcràmtcizarglm / guķmd `g paolpt zc Xaotgm Ka`plp ¶pl Ilkoap Zcrcm|l-

L˅m Raig˅mlg isxl`g pg cptc gzragzc tatgo mc`smap`stg zsbol`sosl ogrn- Og ķ˅m`czstsoosmll a`taibrlc 7<<0 Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar dlm Raig˅mlg l)g gàrdgt tltoso dc Ici)brs dc amagrc; àizaxltarso g ucmlt og Bs`src¶ptl ¶pl p)g bs`srgt pg rcugdg oa`srl zc`grc oc)g `smap`st blmc ķ˅m tlmcrct¶c; g uarblt raig˅mc¶ptc/ pzsmķ˅md `g pc plitc &˅ķmtr)smeco,

’`g g`gpg‟- Ms gi eapt og Bs`src¶ptl ¶pl ms o)gi ķ˅mt˅ķomlt `s g`cpt zrloch- Dgr mal

mc)gi `smap`st ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅m 7<44 ¶pl gi uarblt zc gtsm`l isotc dcpzrc isxl`g; dcgtsm`l ms mc)gi igl rcugxst dc`ķ˅t ķ˅m 7<55/ `˅ķmd/ ķ˅m trc`crc zrlm Bsdgzcptg/ gi ptgtlgrg¶pl dc uarbg urca dasg arc-

Guci g`si ķ˅m egt¶g sm àizaxltar `s a xlamailc isxl`gog ķ˅m`fcngtg ¶pl gtrgngtag)rc/ `s zrazrlso pgs àpiap/ sm grtlpt `s zrao lmàmesmdgblo- Trgpgtsrloc pgoc culdcmtcpsmt àizocvltgtcg/ mct¶cg ¶pl gdķ˅m`licg psflctcgp`g- Daicmlso zrcdloc`t go osl Ksrtgncptc gzrazlgt dc isxl`g dc `gicrg; gmpgibosrloc igl igrl zc `grc oc eaoapc¶ptc psmt

dlecrcmt¶lgtc/ igl dcnrgbg ar`fcptrc dc `gicrg; azsp 2> ma 2/ ’Dsboso àm`crt‟/ gdsmgsm msigr igrc dc lmptrsicmtl¶ptl nrszgt¶l ķ˅m dasg gmpgibosrl/ c`grc dlmtrc coc gu˅ķmdàrlecs zc smso dlmtrc paol¶ptl-

Igharltgtcg os`rgrloar osl Ksrtgn gzgrt¶lm ncmsosl isxl`ll dc `gicrg; `lòsrloc ògpl)`c8 plieamlg/ pamgtg/ ùgrtctso ct`- olzpcp` gzragzc tatgo/ igl blmc xlp coc psmt rc`rcgtc

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psb gotc tltosrl- Osl Ksrtgn ķ˅l zog` gmpgibosrloc lmpaoltc/ gilmtlmd zrlm g`cgptg zccbcrm ¶pl Ptrgulmpkl- Smso dlm lmptrsicmtcoc pgoc zrcecrgtc cptc t¶gibgoso; g eaoaplt

t¶gibgoso ķ˅m gmpgibosrl il`l pgs igrl; g`cpt lmptrsicmt dg àmatgt¶lc zazsogrg ¶pl a`soagrc pzc`lgog gmpgibosrloar lmptrsicmtgoc- Ksrtgn grc a igrc àmpcùcmt¶g ķ˅m ol)iltgrloc pgoc8 zc smll dlm àogbargtarll pgl ķ˅l ķ˅mtķ˅omli dcpcarl ķ˅m zrlicoc pgoc gsdlt¶ll8

Igrtg Egblgm og t¶gibgo/ pazrgmg Gdrlcmmc @pcmncr|/ zlgmlptso Xaotgm Ka`plp- Ksrtgng àizsp `˅ķtcug os`rgrl zc ucrpsrloc Rliicl Dgoa¶p-

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707

z z ¶

Rgpealmd tltosrloc os`rgrloar pgoc mc dgi pcgig dc arlxamtso pgs g`tsgo/ dc lignl)mgt¶lg pg zactl`g ¶pl zamdcrcg zc `grc g`cgptg a a`szg ķ˅m `rcgt¶lg isxl`gog; `ltcx dlmtltosrl8

’Pgisco Bc`kctt8 ^fgt lp ~ard‟/

’Ergnicmtc dlm Haxpce Gttlog‟/

’Ergnicmtc

dlm Kgekg‟/’

Faodcrolm8 Gm---‟ ¶p-g-

Rcecrlmt¶coc isxl`goc psmt ¶pl coc eagrtc isotc8 trgmp`rlcrl dc og Ig`fgst og Bg)

`f/ Aignls osl P`fsigmm/ Aignls osl Mama/ Aff`lsi Brcuc lm Iciarlgi GmdrcgcPxcrugmpxk|-

Dgr Ksrtgn ms eg`c zgrgdg dc `sma¶ptlmt¶c oltcrgrc ¶pl isxl`goc; ms p)gr zstcg pzsmcdcpzrc co `g cptc sm olurcp`; tagtc g`cptc lxuagrc pgs rcecrlmt¶c isxl`goc ¶pl oltcrgrc psmttrgltc ¶pl ķ˅mps¶pltc/ dculm zgrt¶l goc ulct¶ll ¶pl zcrpamgoltgt¶ll àizaxltarsosl-

Dcpzrc isxl`g osl Ksrtgn pc zagtc pzsmc `g cptc `sotg/ &˅ķm dczolmso ¶pl ķ˅mgotso ķ˅mt¶cocpgo `su˅ķmtsosl; `ltgtcoc psmt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg trgmpnsrgtc/ gosxluc; ògpl`lpiso isxl`go cptc

gbparblt og mlucoso cpcmt¶coar-

Cptc eagrtc lmtcrcpgmtg rcogt¶lg `grc pc ptgbloc¶ptc ķ˅mtrc earicoc il`l zrcxcmtc icrcs ķ˅mos`rgrloc pgoc ¶pl ig`raptrs`tsrg `lòsosl; cvlptg a griamlagpg ķ˅màrdgrc ķ˅mtrc ilmlgtsrg¶pl olmlg igrc- L˅mtrc os`rgrloc zc `grc oc gp`sotgi ķ˅m cilplsmcg dc egt¶g dasg psmt dcosmng dsrgtg/ dgr earigtc dlm ilmlgtsrl;

’P`cmcoc dlmtr)sm raigm‟ zsm ķ˅m isxl`g 73

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zacic dc Rliig Dgoa¶p ¶pl zcptc `coc 73 plit¶li ¶pl àmtlmsltgtcg raigmsosl- L˅m’

Icpghcocrgzapgtcl Daiml¶pagrc Trsppaug‟ psmt rcsmltc 27 dc zacic goc g`coclg¶pl Rliig Dgoa¶p¶pl os`rgrcg dsrcgxg 2> ilmstc- C mc`cpgrg a iglcptrlc àmpsigtg zcmtrs g rcs¶pl agpcicmcg ķ˅m`cr`grc dc rcsmlrc g ilmlgtsrloar ķ˅mtr)sm `lòs smltgr-

Og Ksrtgn zsm`tso dc zoc`grc zcmtrs arl`grc ergnicmt cptc sm iaicmt isxl`go/

a lizrcplc ulc/ matgt¶lg smcl ptgrl; c`grc iaicmt ķ˅¶pl grc iatlugt¶lg ¶pl g`tsgoltgtcg pg-Dc g`ccg zagtc gt˅ķt isxl`g pg `˅ķt pl zra`cpso dc `rcgtlc gs sm `grg`tcr dlpàmtlmss

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702

Dc g`ccg/ zagtc/ gtķt isxl`g pg `ķt ¶pl zra`cpso dc `rcgt¶lc gs sm `grg`tcr dlpàmtlmss¶pl ergnicmtgr; c`grc ergnicmt cptc a il`g cvzoaxlc olrl`g; gtsm`l `˅ķmd os`rgrloc psmtdgtgtc/ pc àmptgtg ¶pl dlptgmt¶g ķ˅m tliz ķ˅mtrc g`cptc lxbs`mlrl-

@g ilmlgtsrlpt/ co pc gzrazlc &zrlm eart¶g pg dc àm`cmtrgrc, dc cbcrm8 g`cog¶pl`grg`tcr gearlptl`/ g`ccg¶pl zstcrc dc g ķ˅m`fcng a ptgrc ķ˅m `grc c`grc iaicmt mc gzgrczolm dc cvzrcplc; ķ˅m c`grc dlm coc ngpli sm ncpt blmc dcpcmgt/ lmàmesmdgblo; olzpg dc

danigtlpi g grtlptsosl/ `grc ms gdcrg ‐ tcfml` uarblmd ‐ og ml`l sm `srcmt dctcrilmgt/eg`c `g g`cptc iaicmtc isxl`goc pg)¶pl `gstc zraoso ķ˅m coc ķ˅mpcoc- Zra`cpso dc `rcgt¶lczrcxlmtg zrlm tagtc g`cptcg gmgoanlc `s os`rgrcg goblmcoar `grc gdsmg mc`tgrso egr˅ķigdszg egr˅ķig; ķ˅mpg `g ¶pl og goblmc/ g`cptc zl`gtsrl pc dczsm ķ˅m egnsrl/ blmc ptrs`tsrgt¶l---

--- P¶l ķ˅mtr)gdcugr/ ptrs`tsrg igrc g zlcpcoar pgoc cptc àmulmngtagrc; earig igrc gzlcpcoar cptc àmptrsltg `s ilhoag`c psbtloc; ilhoag`c zsr isxl`goc/ dgr ¶pl ilhoag`c dcàmtrgpt tcgtrgo/ tagtc dcmat˅ķmd ‐ lgrg¶pl ‐ a `sotsrg eagrtc ogrng/ arngml` ķ˅mps¶pltg ¶pl

trc`stg zrlm otrso `rcgtar-

Zstci trc`c g`si og cvcizol`grloc isxl`goc; igl ķ˅mt˅ķl og azsp 7>8’

Icpghsorgzapgtcl Daiml¶pagrc Trsppaug‟ zc ucrpsrloc Rliicl Dgoa¶p- Os`rgrcg àigmdgtg dcgmpgiboso Lmtcràmtcizarglm dc og Zgrlp g eapt `˅ķmtgtg ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ķ˅m 7<67 dc`gtrc Gdrlcmmc @pcmncr| ¶pl gmpgiboso psp gilmtlt psb bgnfctg osl Plouglm @gibrcolmn-

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Ucrpsrloc ‐ ķ˅m olibg rspg ‐ goc osl Rliicl Dgoa¶p psmt ķ˅mdrgxmct¶c/ iadcrmc/ lm`gm)dcp`cmtc/ ¶pl coc igrtsrlpcp`/ ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz/ zamdcrc/ sm c`flolbrs dc `sotsrg ògpl`g;iatta)so dc `cg igl bsmg `goltgtc/ dlm Gfigtaug/ Nactfc/ Boa`k/ grsm`g a osilmgàmòsdcmtg gpszrg g`cptar ucrpsrl `grc ms aàocp` a rlp`gmtg pcmxsgoltgtc psblc`tlug-

Dlm `coc trcl zgrt¶l goc `lòsosl tatgolx˅ķmd 27 dc iaicmtc uai gp`sotg zgrtcg g dasg/

lmtltsogtg ’Zst¶lm cratlpi‟/ `grc `szrlmdc zgtrs zacic8 7 ‐ Ecbrg; 2 ‐ Dasg àrzsrlķ˅mogmtsltc; 0 ‐ Dc `c pg ms sros; 4 ‐ Ptrlngtsrg-

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700

ķmogmt¶sltc; 0 Dc `c pg ms sros; 4 Ptrlngtsrg-

Zrsdcmtg/ zactg lmua`g zc Gmmg Gfigtaug8’

G`cpt `˅ķmtc` ķ˅o dgs egrg ualc pzrcdcrlxlsmc ¶pl lmhsrll‟/ ¶pl zc Nactfc8

’P¶l dg`g a osilmg gignltagrc ķ˅l grgtg drsiso/

ms trcbslc pg a osgt¶l ķ˅m pcrlap‟- Ua`cg Gdrlcmmcl @pcmncr|/ `s uaostcoc ¶pl pgotsrloc clgict¶ltagrc mc àmds`c zrlm icgmdrcoc ¶pl fgsrloc ptgrloar zactcl zc `grc àizaxltarsooc)g osgt `˅ķt pc zagtc dc ķ˅m pcrlap-

Dg`g ķ˅m ’Icpghcoc rgzapgtcl daiml¶pagrcl Trsppaug‟ gi plit¶lt ¶pl sibrg osl GobgmBcrn/ cptc zcmtrs `g ptrs`tsrg ķ˅mpg¶pl g ar`fcptrcl gocpc mc trliltc pzrc zglcmhcml¶psosmar ptgrl tsobsrl/ dc lmtcmpg ¶pl atrgultg pcmxsgoltgtc-

L˅m os`rgrcg zc `grc a uai gp`sotg igl dczgrtc/’

P`cmc dlmtr)sm raigm‟/ azsp 7<&7<67‐62, pc ķ˅mtķ˅izog a p`flibgrc isxl`gog `s àmpc`lmt¶c dc`lpluc8 gmpgiboso pc rcds`cog zgtrs zgrtl`lzgmt¶l8 ua`c/ t¶gibgo/ ulagrg ¶pl àmtrgbgp- &Ucrpsrloc g`coclg¶pl RliigDgoa¶p/ ua`cg g`coclg¶pl Gdrlcmmc @pcmncr|/ ulaoamlptso Gmdrgp Kcoocr ¶pl àmtrgbgplptsoEcrc` @pamta¶p,- @ampc`lmt¶coc gr zstcg dcp`rlpc ķ˅m tcricml dc grtg zogptl`g zrlmtr)atrc`crc dc og zl`tsrg ķ˅m socl og nrgusrg ¶pl dcpcm; cptc `ccg `c p)g ķ˅mt˅ķizogt ¶pl ķ˅m `rcgt¶lgosl Rguco &˅ķm `s tatso got àmtcvt/ dc goteco,/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd àizgrgi zgnlmloc pcmpsgoc¶pl zgptagpc goc isxl`ll pgoc plieaml`c `s nrgpiso os`rgrloar pgoc `gicrgoc &pamgtgzcmtrs ulaolmg ¶pl zlgm/ pamgtg zcmtrs ulaolmg ¶pl ulaoam`co,/ ķ˅m `grc dcpcmso `gzgtg a

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igrc g`sltgtc-

Og Ksrtgn/ g`cgptg rcds`crc g earigt¶lcl àmds`c pzrc cpcmt¶lgolxgrc ¶pl cg zgrc g àmtlmsgtg ķ˅m os`rgrl sotcrlagrc; ms guci/ dlm mcecrl`lrc/ ķ˅mrcnlptrgrcg

’Ergnicmtcoar

dlm Kgekg‟ azsp 24 &dlm 7<63)65,/ a os`rgrc zcmtrs ua`c ¶pl ulagrg `grc dsrcgxg >: dcilmstc; psmt eaoapltc ergnicmtc dlm p`rlparl ¶pl dlm hsrmgoso osl Kgekg; ķ˅m g`cgptg dlm

srig os`rgrc/ `gzg`ltgtcg dc cpcmt¶lgolxgrc zgrc g dspg og sm u˅ķre-’

P`cmcoc dlmtr)sm raigm‟ gogtsrg 73 `˅ķmtc`c- Coc psmt8

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704

’7- Ulma &Ulma/ ķ˅t¶l ķ˅mtlmd iķ˅mg' @s `godsrg icg gosmn erlnso tgs- Zrcg isot gi

zgptrgt ķ˅m àot¶srloc psflctsosl bgmst¶ll lmstlol-,

2- Dc og zrlig ķ˅mt˅ķomlrc og dcpzgrt¶lrc &Dc og dcpzgrt¶lrc ¶pl zķ˅mg og g¶ptcztgrc/ il)gitrglt ulgt¶g dc eciclc,-

0- Rsng`lsmc &Lcrtgt¶l)ig/ bsmloar/ pogbl`lsmcg dc eciclc ¶pl egztso `g gi lsblt `s

psflctso mgt˅ķmn,-4- L˅mngdslc)il pg tc gtlmn/ pg ig tazcp`/ pg ig cugzar-

3- Cragrc &L˅mtatdcgsmg gi gocp/ ķ˅mtatdcgsmg i)gi ķ˅m¶pcogt ¶pl il p)g dgt a drgnaptcabapltg,-

5- Ulp &Ugd icrcs g`cog¶pl ulp8 ķ˅t¶l `cr pg tc gzrazll/ ts ull/ cs tc rcpzlmn,-

>- Ramda &@s rcercmso8’

Gi pzsp8 ms)l ualc/ gi xlp8 ug trc`c/ gi pzsp/ gi xlp-,

6- Msd &˅Lil gàzcr psflctso `s ersmxg dc ult¶g ¶pl esn dlm rgl, &Cptc a zlcpg p`srtg/

73 ilmstc/ msigl zcmtrs ua`c,-<- Ugop og flg¶pmctg &˅Lm arcoc dc u˅ķre trgiuglso psflctsosl ics icrnc egrg zlcdl`l,-

Ugopso og flg¶pmctg pc dcdl`g osl P`fmlttkc-

7:- Bgpi &Gi urst pg)t¶l gzgr xclt¶g ķ˅m gsrcaog ptcogrg/ dgr g trcbslt pg)t¶l dcp`flds¶pg `g a `cms¶pgrcgpg/ `s igtsrg ķ˅m iķ˅mg isrdgrg,-

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77- Dlm mas &tc g¶ptczt; `˅ķt dc nrcs ulmc’

zaliķ˅lmc'‟,72- Mcpe˅ķr¶pltso ¶plr dc dsilmc`l)Zcrzctssi iabloc &G trc`st lgr a dsilmc`g/ ug ucml

dc`l ¶pl srigtagrcg,-70- Ulxltg &˅ķm ptrglcoc rc`l goc xgzcxll il)g ucmlt darso `g agpzctc,-74- Zaucptc gdcugrgtg &Iagrc drgnaptcg àm`czstg ķ˅m nrgbg Zrligucrll; ķ˅m nrgdlmg

tg `rcp` lcrbloc sltgrll,-L˅m mc8

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703

73- Czloan &Ba`ct dc zol`tlp; Dc og zrlig ķ˅mt˅ķomlrc z˅ķmg dcpzgrt¶lrc/ dc og rgigpsobsm og masg g¶ptcztgrc/ il)gi dsp ucg`so ics dc eciclc,-

Uai ķ˅m`fclg `s p`srtso’

Rcùlci zcmtrs sm zrlctcm‟ azsp 25- L˅m egzt zgtrs zaciczcmtrs ua`c ¶pl zlgm àizspc ķ˅mtrc 7<62 ¶pl 7<65 zc ucrpsrloc g`coclg¶pl zactc/ `˅ķmtgtc dcg`ccg¶pl `ķ˅mtgrcgt¶g/ gu˅ķmd og zlgm zc Xaotgm Ka`plp-

7- A/ Dagimc/ `c olml¶ptc c ķ˅m hsr2- Raigmt¶g `rsmtg0- Zstcrcg icg4- Gdla/ drgnso ics-Go zgtrsocg zaci cptc dcdl`gt osl Fsna âoe-

CDLPAM DCMLPAU7<

Pc ug ķ˅izolml ķ˅m `sr˅ķmd sm gm dc og iagrtcg osl Cdlpam Dcmlpau; uar ¶pl `cl 43dc gml dc `˅ķmd mc)gi `smap`st ķ˅m `gilmso ptsdcmt¶cp` go

’@ampcrugtarsosl @cglkaupkl‟

7<- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ 20 a`taibrlc 7<<>-

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dlm Iapàug; oa`slgs ķ˅m g`co tliz gàoa Tlbcrls Aogf/ Osdaul` Bg`p/ bgpso bsongrNflgsrau ¶pl isot¶l got¶ll- Dcmlpau ucmcg dlm Plbcrlg; eg`spc ptsdll dc lmnlmcrlc- Tgtgopgs/ Ugplol/ ķ˅o msilpc Cdlpam dlm rcpzc`t zcmtrs igrcoc lmucmtgtar- Plit¶lmd `fcigrcgisxl`ll Cdlpam Ugplolcul`l Dcmlpau ms g urst pg sricxc `gocg ¶ptllmt¶coar tcfml`c- L)gp`rlp osl Dliltrl P¶aptgkaul`l/ l)g trlilp zgrtltsrl goc pgoc ¶pl ‐ og pegtso g`cptslg ‐ g dgtcvgicmso dc gdiltcrc og Iapàug- G gbpaoult eg`sotgt¶loc dc zlgm ¶pl dc àizaxlt¶lc- Geapt cocuso og àizaxlt¶lc go osl P¶cbgolm-

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705

@cg igl uc`fc gilmtlrc g àmtg`tsosl maptrs àmptg dlm `coc `˅ķtcug zgnlml zc `grcàzlgpc esnloc ķ˅m Rc ig har ¶pl Og ighar dc P¶aptgkaul`l; oc abt¶lmspc `flgr dc og àizaxltar¶pl g`si il oc dg ilc pg oc `smap` ¶pl cs- Esnloc g`cptcg `lr`sogs og Iapàug zc psb iķ˅mgķ˅m 7<32; P¶aptgkaul`l oc àizspcpc ķ˅m srig `s dal gml/ dgr gstarso oar crg ķ˅m dlxnrgt¶lc;zlcpcoc ms zstcgs ucdcg osilmg tlzgrsosl; ķ˅mpg Nflocop/ Mlkaogcug/ Rl`ftcr ķ˅m`czcgs pg

oc `˅ķmtc ķ˅m àm`crtcoc oar-Gucgi ķ˅m àism `s Dcmlpau drgnaptcg dc isxl`g/ guldltgtcg dc g `smag¶ptc ¶pl got¶l

àizaxltarl gl pcàososl VV- Nsptsrloc magptrc ms àlm`ldcgs ķ˅mpg zc tagtg ķ˅mtlmdcrcg-Zcmtrs ilmc dc cvcizos Brgfip crg sm àizaxltar gogtsrl dc Bg`f ¶pl Bcctfaucm;Dcmlpau pzsmcg `g Brgfip ms l pc zgrc sm grtlpt igl igrc dc`˅ķt Nogxsmau- P`flibgiicrcs lizrcpll dcpzrc isxl`g/ mc ķ˅mt˅ķomcgi og àm`crtc/ gp`sotgi c`grc dlmtrc malisxl`g `coslogot-

Dszg tcrilmgrcg ptsdlloar/ mc)gi rcugxst igl rgr/ dgr gi zgptrgt abl`clso dc g mcgrgtg smso `coslogot os`rgrloc mal- Dcmlpau g zrcdgt `ltlrcg dc zgrtltsrl ¶pl ar`fcptrgt¶lgog @ampcrugtarso

’@cglkaupkl‟- L˅mtrc tliz Zrakacu ¶pl P¶aptgkaul`l isrlpcrg; g`si cl

crgs ògpl`l lmtrgt¶l dcmltlu ķ˅m rczcrtarlso lmtcrzrct¶loar- Dgr gs zstst `smap`st¶l GobgmBcrn/ P`f¦ambcrn/ cbcrm- Dcmlpau g ptsdlgt eagrtc pcrlap isxl g mall ¶pàol ulcmcxc/

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dcpzrc `grc g p`rlp ¶pl rcigr`gbloc cpcsrl- Gmnghgrcg osl zc `gocg isxl`ll dc gugmngrdgo)g dlp`rcdltgt ķ˅m a`fll Smlsmll @aizaxltarloar dlm SRPP; g trcbslt pg zgrgpcgp`g oa`sopgs dlm @ampcrugtar; Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar o)g igrnlmgolxgt/ zagtc `g o)g ¶pl cvòspog sm iaicmt dgt/ ms)il gilmtcp`-

Aiso g`cptg `s gzgrcmt¶g rgug/ ucmlt dlm Plbcrlg/ p)g daucdlt g ķ˅mpg dc a tcmg)

`ltgtc cv`czt¶lamgog; rcxlptcmt¶g pg iargog l)g slilt zc mczrlctcmll osl- Gm dc gm g dgtmal os`rgrl ķ˅m tagtc ncmsrloc8

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70>

Zaciso ua`go lmptrsicmtgo’

Pagrcoc lm`g¶ploar‟ g eapt dlrlhgtg ķ˅m gmll “5: dc `gtrcIgdcrmg ¶pl Basocx- Dszg g`ccg gotc os`rgrl goc pgoc/ tat igl isotc/ gs ķ˅m`czst pgzgtrsmdg ķ˅m Ucpt-

@g ¶pl got¶l àocnl dlm ncmcrgt¶lg g`cgptg ķ˅m gmll g`clg nrcl g p`rlp isxl`g dc oi ¶pl gàogbargt `s rcnlxarll dc tcgtrs dlm Iapàug; g àizsp isxl`g zcmtrs pzc`tgàococ osl

Olsbliau og `cocbrso tcgtrs dlm `grtlcrso Tgngmkg-Og Iapàug Dcmlpau g ķ˅mlmt¶gt sm gmpgibos dc isxl`g masg; `s trc`crcg gmloar/

ķ˅m tlizso’

Zcrcptral`ll‟ Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar g ngxdslt àm`crtcoc gmpgibososl ķ˅mgdcugrgtc ptgnlsml isxl`goc-

Dcmlpau g gust ocngtsrl zrlulocnlgtc `s Ergmt¶g ¶pl `s `sotsrg ergm`cxg- G àizspazcrg

’Pzsig xlocoar‟ dszg

’O“c`sic dcp hasrp‟/ raigmso osl Barlp Ulgm; azcrg g

eapt zrcxcmtgtg og Azcrg àilwsc ķ˅m Zgrlp- Dgmlco Bgrcmbali ķ˅m 7<65 l)g àigmdgt a

plieamlc zcmtrs Ar`fcptrg dlm Zgrlp-L˅m gmso 7<<4 Dcmlpau g eapt ul`tlig smsl tcrlblo g``ldcmt dc `lr`sogt¶lc8 zc smg dlm

¶papcococ zcrlecrl`c goc Iapàucl a olisxlmg osvagpg l)g rgptsrmgt il`so gstaiablo dlm`grc Cdlk g eapt pàp ķ˅mtr)a ptgrc egrg pzcrgmt¶g; ķ˅m pgztgiķ˅mloc srigtagrc ms ¶pl)g zststrcucml ¶pl zgrcg `g ug isrl `sr˅ķmd- Dszg a poshbg dc igpos/ dszg `si il)g zaucptlt

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isxlàoanso Faoazau/ Dcmlpau g zgrst `g ķ˅m`czc pg)¶pl rculmg- Trgmpzartgt `s gulamso ķ˅mErgmt¶g/ ķ˅mtr)smso dlm `coc igl bsmc pzltgoc/ g zrlilt ķ˅mnrlhlrl cv`czt¶lamgoc &g pszartgtisotc lmtcrucmt¶ll `flrsrnl`goc,-

P¶l lgtg `g g`si/ ķ˅m pcztcibrlc 7<<5 mc rcucdci dszg 72 gml og Zgrlp ķ˅m il`so pgsgzgrtgicmt dc o˅ķmng Zog`c d“Ltgolc-

Dszg uc`flso abl`cl/ mc)gi grgtgt àizaxlt¶lloc mal/ gi p`flibgt azlmll isxl`goc-Dlm pcàoso VV Dcmlpau rct¶lmcg g`si `˅ķt¶lug àizaxltarl8 Dcbspp|/ ^cbcrm/ Bgrtak-

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706

Gzrazlgt¶ll psflctsosl pgs8 Iaxgrt ¶pl P`fsbcrt-

@srlagpg ķ˅mt˅ķizogrc8 lmd zc zgtso dc pzltgo/ g zrlilt paol`ltgrcg smsl dlrlhar dlmPtsttngrt dc g tcrilmg azcrg osl P`fsbcrt

’Ogxgr‟ &Ogxgrsp adcr Dlc Eclcr dcr Gsecr)

ptcfsmn ,-

’

Ogxgr‟ cptc a azcrg rcolnlagpg/ `s psblc`tso pàp dlm

’

Maso Tcptgicmt‟- P)gs

zgptrgt zrlicoc p`cmc ķ˅m zgrtltsrg/ zķ˅mg smdcug/ ķ˅m lmtcrlarso smcl p`cmc/ og sm ilh)oa` dc ergxg zc sm

’¶pl‟ &˅ķm mcit¶c¶ptc

’smd‟,- Dcmlpau il)g pzsp8

’P`fsbcrt g trglt ķ˅m

gd˅ķm`lic drgig aisosl baomgu/ dgr ¶pl)g azrlt os`rgrcg zcmtrs `g ms `rcdcg ķ˅m ķ˅mulcrc‟-G¶p gdgsng og zgrcrcg osl Cdlpam `g co ķ˅mps¶pl crg sm eco dc Ogxgr/ p`sesmdgt ķ˅m mcec)rl`lrc dlm `gsxg g``ldcmtsosl; ķ˅mpg ķ˅m g`cgptg ķ˅izrchsrgrc cvlptcmt¶lgog co g dcpàzcrlt@rcdlmt¶g ¶pl g ngplt ķ˅m plmc ķ˅mps¶pl zstcrcg dc g tcrilmg azcrg osl P`fsbcrt- Liablolxgtķ˅m zgtso dc `grc ķ˅o ocng tat ecoso dc zcresxll ¶pl gotc lmptrsicmtc icdl`goc/ `˅ķtcug osml

co m)g eg`st got`cug dc`ķ˅t pg `ltcgp`g azcrg osl P`fsbcrt ¶pl isotc os`rgrl goc g`cptslg-Dszg g`ccg g àmtlmsgt zgrtltsrg dc og g`co

’¶pl‟ og `grc a ogpgpc Ergmx P`fsbcrt; g

àmtlmsgt)a ķ˅m iad ecrl`lt/ ķ˅m iad ignlptrgo/ cult˅ķmd arl`c ptlolxgrc pzc`sogtlug/ arl`ctcmdlmt¶g grtl`lgog dc rcptgsrgrc; g àmtlmsgt azcrg ‐ `si pzsmcg co ‐

’`s isxl`g

icg zrazrlc‟; g`cgptg c isxl`g smsl cv`cocmt àizaxltar/ `grc `smag¶ptc ķ˅m gd˅ķm`lic

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isxl g osl P`fsbcrt/ dgr g zstst gsxl ¶pl isxl`g osl P`fsigmm/ g osl Brgfip/ g oslIgfocr- Ms cptc a isxl`g da`targog dc isxcs; dc g`ccg àmtlmsgrcg zgrc arngml`g/ulc/ il¶p`gtagrc-

(

Dg`g ķ˅m`cr`gi pg `grg`tcrlxgi isxl`g osl Cdlpam Dcmlpau/ ug trcbsl pg àmptgtgism ecmaicm lmtcrcpgmt8 ķ˅m tliz `c aiso Dcmlpau g eapt pcmplblo pl àibgtlu ķ˅m zogmso

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70<

sm ecmaicm lmtcrcpgmt8 ķm tliz `c aiso Dcmlpau g eapt pcmplblo ¶pl àibgtlu ķm zogmsopa`lgo/ isxl`g pg cptc g`ccg g smsl zsrlpt/ ķ˅mdczgrtgt dc gmc`datl`; zcmtrs co zcrlzct¶llocms zrcxlmtg lmtcrcp isxl`go; sm lig`sogt uago dc olrlpi ķ˅meg¶pagrg àrzso isxl`ll pgoc;zcmtrs `g isxl`g pg c àmpldcrgtg bsmg/ Dcmlpau grc mcualc dc a os`rgrc blmc àm)ptltsltg ¶pl ‐ g¶p pzsmc ‐ ķ˅m`flpg ķ˅m àmplptcmt¶g cl isxl`gog- Olrlpiso cigmg `g sm gbsrog pszrgegt¶g smsl og` os`lap ¶pl mctsobsrgt; cptc sm eco dc `gptltgtc isxl`gog ķ˅m azcrcoc

g`cptsl grtlpt- Dctrg`tarll osl gs uarblt dc rg`cgog/ dc erlnldltgtc; gdcugrso cptc `g Dc)mlpau g gust a gdilrgblog cuaost¶lc grtlptl`g; co p)g ķ˅m`goxlt trcztgt/ a`llmd `s ptgrslmt¶g¶pl `rcdlmt¶g/ ķ˅m lmtcnrltgtc ilptl`g og gotgrso pg`rs go isxl`ll-

Sotlicoc magptrc ķ˅mt˅ķomlrl il)gs ogpgt lizrcplg smcl lmtrgmplncmt¶c grtlptl`c tatgoc-Aiso g`cptg gt˅ķt dc `goi ķ˅m igmlecptgrloc pgoc licdlgtc/ pc dcoliltg ķ˅m iad `gtcnarl`zrlm azlmlloc pgoc; i)gi ķ˅mtrcbgt dg`g trcbslc pg)o lmuldlcx zcmtrs g`cgptg- P¶l tats¶pl/ ķ˅mzrg`tl`g pg àizamlptl`g co g t¶lmst pcgig dc ķ˅izrchsrgrl/ dc `cl zcmtrs `grc àizsmcg

`stgrc ¶pl `stgrc zlcpg- G`cgptg pc ucdc ¶pl ķ˅m os`rgrloc p`rlpc ķ˅m sotliso dc`cmls dc ulgt¶g-Dlp`so àizg`t `s os`rgrl àrgoc dc Cdlpam Dcmlpau/ gzgrst gmso trc`st/ mc poshc¶ptc `gcvcizos- @coc trcl os`rgrl psmt pciml`gtluc zcmtrs drsiso grtlptl` go àizaxltarsosl-

Limso oltsrnl`’

Osilmg olmg‟ zarmc¶ptc dlm trgdlt¶lg isxl`ll àrgoc artadavc rspc¶ptl;p`rlltsrg osl Dcmlpau/ uogptgr t˅ķrxls go g`cptcl zrg`tl`l/ a ķ˅ibangt¶c¶ptc `s cvzcrlcmt¶g

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smsl ai `grc g `smap`st ¶pl grtg smar Zgocptrlmg ¶pl Dcbspp|; a dczolmg olml¶ptc lmtcrlagrgmlibcgxg g`cgptg plieamlc àrgog-

@s isxl`g srigtagrc lmtrgi ķ˅m osicg trgncdlcl gmtl`c8’

Icdccg‟ osl Csrlzldcķ˅m gdgztgrcg osl Laple Bradpkl- G`cptc ergnicmtc isxl`goc zcmtrs àr ¶pl lmptrsicmtcgs eapt àizspc ķ˅m lgmsgrlc 7<<3 og `crcrcg osl Lsrl Olsbliau zcmtrs Tcgtrso dlmTgngmkg- Gs eapt `˅ķmtgtc ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ķ˅m pzc`tgàoso dc og Gtcmg ķ˅m igl 7<<3 ¶pl ‐igl t˅ķrxls ‐ og Iapàug- Zc dlp` coc psmt ķ˅mrcnlptrgtc dc `gtrc

’Maso @ar‟ dlm Iapàug

pl lmptrsicmtlptl gl Gmpgibososl dc Isxl`g @amtcizargmg; `co `grc `˅ķmtg paoaso dc

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74:

¶pl lmptrsicmtl¶ptl gl Gmpgibososl dc Isxl`g @amtcizargmg; `co `grc `ķmtg paoaso dcflgst cptc Dliltrl Dcmlpau/ so àizaxltarsosl-

@ccg `c dlptlmnc isxl`g g`cgptg cptc psgultgtcg cl pcucrg; mlil` cvzrcplamlpt ķ˅m cg/dc¶pl `sulmtcoc gr ogpg dcptso oa`/ gr lmultg `flgr og cvzrligrcg ararll-

Pg ķ˅m`fclci `s p`srtc ergnicmtc dlm’

Ocncmdcoc gzcoar Psbtcrgmc‟ zc zacicoc osl

\ucp Bcrncrct/ `grg`tcrlptl`c zcmtrs zrcdloc`t¶lloc oltcrgrc ergmàoc goc osl Dcmlpau- Cocgs eapt àizspc ķ˅m 7<66‐7<6< zcmtrs’

Nrszso ua`go ergm`cx‟ dc og Zgrlp- Gl`l p`rlltsrgzaoleaml`g/ ptrs`tsrloc griaml`c dculm igl rgmgtc; rcpsrpcoc dc pcmplbloltgtc/ `sotsrg/tcfml`g isxl`gog goc osl Dcmlpau ķ˅l zcrilt àm`czcrcg smar il`l `gzadazcrc8

’Olmlc‟/

’@crso‟/

’Marll‟/

’Tg`crc‟-

ISXL@G OSL GOERCD P@FMLTTKC2:

Uarblmd dcpzrc Goercd P`fmlttkc gzcocx og isotc gilmtlrl zcrpamgoc/ `g`l gi eaptàocnl og @ampcrugtarso

’@cglkaupkl‟ dlm Iapàug- G¶pg)msilt¶ll

’Iadcrml¶ptl‟ ms crgs

2:- Cilplsmc rgdla dlm `lòso’

Gtogp dc isxl`g masg‟/ 72 igl 7<<4-

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isot¶l ķ˅m g`cpt àmpcrugtar ķ˅m gmll “3:/ gpteco `g pc `sma¶ptcgs blmc ķ˅mtrc cl; Tlbcrls Aogf/Gmdrcl Uaokampkl/ `s `grc gi zstst uarbl ķ˅m ergm`cxg &cs mc`smap`˅ķmd olibg rspg zcgtsm`l, gs eapt zrlill àocnl)zrlctcml- Gzal ‐ Pldcomlkau/ Ocdcmlau/ Dcmlpau/ Rahdcp)tucmpkl/ P`cdrlm/ Nsbgldsolmg/ lgr `cug igl tķ˅rxls/ igl tlmcrll P`fmlttkc ¶pl Kgrgigmau-

P`fmlttkc p)g mgp`st ķ˅m 7<04 `g s go smsl rcesnlgt ncrigm ķ˅m Smlsmcg Paulctl`g ¶pl

go smcl igic ncrigmc dlm rcnlsmcg flsulsosl Uaong- Zgrlmt¶ll os`rcgxg sm tliz og Ulcmg/smdc il`so Goercd ķ˅m`czc pg ptsdlcxc zlgmso- Dszg rc˅ķmtagr`crcg og Iapàug ptsdlgxg

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smdc il`so Goercd ķm`czc pg ptsdlcxc zlgmso- Dszg rcķmtagr`crcg og Iapàug ptsdlgxgog @ampcrugtarso dlm Iapàug ķ˅mtrc 7<30‐7<36; dszg gpzlrgmtsrg dculmc zcdgnan ogg`cog¶pl àmpcrugtar; dlm `gsxg dl`sotgt¶loar `rcp`˅ķmdc zrl`lmsltc dc arlcmtgrcg pg cptctl`g¶pl dc smcoc ncptsrl zradlpldcmtc/ P`fmlttkc zgrgpc¶ptc @ampcrugtarso ¶pl ‐ `si pzsmc co‐ ms g rcnrctgt ml`ladgtg- A igrc zstcrc dc ism`g/ a igrc guldltgtc dc g `smag¶ptc¶pl g cvzcrlicmtg/ ķ˅o eg` pg dcg dc og ķ˅m`czst a zrads`t¶lc gbsmdcmtg ¶pl ugrlgtg/ ķ˅m

tagtc ncmsrloc8 isxl`g dc `gicrg ¶pl plieaml`g/ sm argtarls ķ˅m`flmgt trgncdlcl dc ogFlrapflig- Zgrgplmd g`tlultgtcg zcdgnanl`g/ g àizsp ‐ zcmtrs g gucg dlm `c trgl‐ eagrtc isotg isxl`g dc oi; dgr g eg`st)a icrcs `s zgplsmc/ ngplmd sm lmtcrcpgrtlptl` ķ˅m tat `c eg`cg; g àizsp gpteco/ `s plnsrgmt¶g/ igl isot dc 3: dc zgrtltsrlzcmtrs oi- G àogbargt `s `cocbrso tcgtrs dc og Tgngmkg go osl Olsbliau ¶pl Uķ˅pat¶kl;g`c¶ptlg eg`cgs a grtg rgs ugxstg dc a`lgoltgtc/ icrcs fgltsltg dc `cmxsrg/ dgr `grctats¶pl ķ˅m cza`g dc ptgnmgrc g osl Brchmcu zstcg cvlptg ¶pl pc zstcg dcxuaotg- L˅m tlizso

g`cog os`rsrloc ptgtcgs `gi gpteco8 `cl zcrpc`stgt¶l ķ˅m Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar ngpcgssm dcbs¶pcs ķ˅m tcgtrc ¶pl oi; lgr dg`g darcgl pg gl g``cp og sm igrc icdl` zcrpc`stgt dc`gtrc G`gdcilg dc Icdl`lmg/ Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar tc zstcg ghstg' Gpteco P`fmlttkc/Dcmlpau/ Nsbgldsolmg gs zstst dcptso dc blmc pszrgulct¶sl ķ˅m g`co tliz; gàoa smdc ķ˅lbgrg Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar ķ˅l ghstg dlm `˅ķmd ķ˅m `˅ķmd/ dc cvcizos/ Ilmlptcrso dc

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Cvtcrmc- Dgr ulgt¶g oar grtlptl`g crg icrcs ptrcpgtg- Plieamlg L g osl P`fmlttkc srig pgc dlrlhgtg dc Rahdcptucmpkl ķ˅m arg¶pso Kgxgm; brgt¶so osmn go Smlsmll @aizaxltarloar gghsmp dcptso dc s¶par ķ˅m g`co arg¶p ¶pl g zstst giķ˅mg cvc`stgrcg plieamlcl `s isot¶l gmlbsml- Dgr Rahdcptucmpkl eg`c og pe˅ķr¶pltso gmloar “5: a ersiagpg `grlcrg ķ˅m A``ldcmt ¶plgtsm`l co ķ˅o ghstg zc P`fmlttkc àigmdķ˅mds)l Plieamlg g LL)g/ a Plieamlg)Rcùlci `sàrsrl ¶pl ar`fcptrg igrc zc `grc a ug `ķ˅mtg og Oamdrg `g ¶pce go ar`fcptrcl BB@- Iglt˅ķrxls ķ˅l ug àigmdg ¶pl sm igrc argtarls

’Zaucptcg Da`tarsosl Egspt‟ zcmtrs g)o dlrlhg

og Ulcmg `s ^lcmcr P|izfamlkcr Tagtc g`cptc os`rgrl p)gs zstst `˅ķmtg pl og Iapàug

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og Ulcmg `s ^lcmcr P|izfamlkcr- Tagtc g`cptc os`rgrl p gs zstst `ķmtg ¶pl og Iapàug/`flgr dg`g Plieamlg g LL)g grc `grg`tcr ¶pl tcvt rcolnlap- Cvc`st¶lg ms crg gmsmt¶gtg/ dgrcg gucg oa` ķ˅mtr)a pgog grflzolmg-

L˅m 7<5< l pc `˅ķmtg og ecptlugoso dc og Damgscp`flmncm zlcpg’

Zlgmlpplia‟/ ķ˅m g`cog¶plàm`crt ķ˅m `grc pc dg ¶pl

’@oczpldrg L‟ g icg; P`fmlttkc ms g gust zcrilplsmcg dc g

ucml og àm`crt; l)gi zaucptlt `si p)g zctrc`st/ cs/ `grc gi zstst gplptg- Igl t˅ķrxlsos`rsrloc p)gs p`flibgt tat igl isot `g`l co g zstst zoc`g tat igl isot arlsmdc/ zc `˅ķmdcs ms gi zstst rgpzsmdc ml`l lmultgt¶lcl dc g)il dlrlhg ķ˅m 7<66 a os`rgrc og Iapàug-

Gzrazlgt dc igrll paol¶ptl rs¶pl/ P`fmlttkc g àizsp isotg isxl`g zcmtrs cl- Nfl)dam Krcicr `grc crg ķ˅m igrc cvzgmplsmc ķ˅m ucptso Csrazcl l)g `crst pg)l àizsmg a`gdcmt¶g og @am`crtso dc ulagrg dc Bcctfaucm; P`fmlttkc àizsmc gtsm`l a `gdcmt¶g`grc cptc sm àogh dlm igrloc àm`crtc zcmtrs ulagrg goc trc`stsosl8 &dg`g ms ig ķ˅m¶pco,

Iaxgrt/ Bcctfaucm/ Brgfip/ Bcrn/ Bgrtak/ P¶aptgkaul`l; `gdcmt¶g zrauag`g p`gmdgo `szrlochso cvc`stgrll àm`crtsosl `s Oamdam P|izfam| Ar`fcptrg; dgr tcmg`coc Krcicrms rcmsmt¶g og `gdcmt¶g8 dal gml igl t˅ķrxls ar`fcptrg dlm Oamdrg ķ˅¶pl `crc p`sxc/ `rltl`gisxl`gog a aiaoanfcgxg ¶pl ugrlgmtg Krcicr ‐ P`fmlttkc cptc trgpg zc dlp`- L˅m trcg`gtc pzsp/ Nf- Rahdcptucmpkl g dlrlhgt dc `˅ķtcug arl `s igrc ps``cp og Bs`src¶ptl/ dgr

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dszg `c l pc rcesxg zranrgic ķ˅m `grc ualg pg `˅ķmtc isxl`g masg raig˅mcgp`g/ ms g iglrcucmlt- Krcicr g dgt sm plmnsr rc`ltgo og Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅m pgog il`g g Zgogtsosl; dszg`c @aptg`fc Zazg/ lizrcpgrso `s mg aoeg`t¶lc `sotsrgog ¶pl isxl`gog ms g igl eapt ogElogriaml`g/ grtl¶ptl igrl dlm rgpgrlt ms zrcg gs igl dgt zc og Bs`src¶ptl-

L˅m mc/ sm mczog`st p`gmdgo isxl go ķ˅m `grc gs eapt lizol`gt¶l Olsbliau/ Rahdcp)

tucmpkl ¶pl P`fmlttkc/ l)gs `rcgt zc iaicmt igrl dl`sotgt¶l àizaxltarsosl; Olsbliausrig pg iamtcxc’

Dgig dc zl`g‟ dc @cglkaupkl og Azcrg dlm Zgrlp; dlrlhar crg Rah)dcptucmpkl; gstarsosl pzc`tgàososl l p g zgrst `g psmt mc`cpgrc smcoc p`srtgrl zcmtrs

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740

dcptucmpkl; gstarsosl pzc`tgàososl l p)g zgrst `g psmt mc`cpgrc smcoc p`srtgrl zcmtrsg t¶lmc pcgig dc mcrgbdgrcg pzc`tgàososl zgrlxlgm; ķ˅m zgrtl`sogr/ g urst pg pgrg zcptcp`cmg `s isxl`g zgptargog ¶pl pg p`srtcxc gotc p`cmc/ ķ˅moa`slmds)oc/ `si il)g rcogtgtP`fmlttkc/ `s ml¶ptc

’dlncpt)srl‟ cec`tsgtc dc co- Sm got dlrlhar paulctl`/ `grc dlrlhg ķ˅m

g`cg urcic bgoctso Azcrcl dc og Zgrlp l)g’

tsrmgt‟/ lp`ķ˅md sm igrc p`gmdgo `grc/ zarmlt

dc og a`lgoltgt¶l/ p)g rcugrpgt àzlap ķ˅m zrcpg; dlm tagtg c`flzg `co igl isot g gust dcpsecrlt P`fmlttkc/ `ltcx’

àizaxltarg¶pso `grc ķ˅¶pl zcriltc pg p`srtcxc ¶pl pg ķ˅moa`slgp`gisxl`g osl @cglkaupkl‟- Pzc`tgàoso ms g igl gust oa`- Tcgtrcoc dc azcr g dlm Zgrlp ¶pl

’P`gog‟ dlm Ilogma gs rszt zcmtrs sm tliz rcogt¶lloc `s Tcgtrso Igrc dc og Iapàug-

P`fmlttkc il)g zaucptlt igl t˅ķrxls `g cec`tso p`gmdgososl g eapt mgoicmtc eguargblo osl8isotg osic l)g grgtgt plizgtlc ¶pl paoldgrltgtc- Dgr tagtc g`cptc zcrlzct¶ll/ cucmlicmtc/¶pl`gmc/ o)gs paol`ltgt/ o)gs àmpsigt/ l)gs rap pgmgtgtcg-

Dszg gtķ˅tcg rcogtgrl egztl`c/ gmc`datl`c/ pg uarbli zst¶lm ¶pl dcpzrc isxl`g zrazrls)xlpg g àizaxltarsosl Goercd P`fmlttkc-

Cptc eagrtc nrcs pg uarbc¶ptl ķ˅m zst¶lmc `sulmtc dcpzrc a `rcgt¶lc gtķ˅t dc ķ˅mtlmpg ¶pldc ugrlgtg- P¶l tats¶pl8 ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc/ ķ˅mgotso cl mluco zraecplamgo ¶pl isxl`goltgtcg cl/`goltgt¶loc dc egmtcxlc/ dc iabloltgtc zplfaoanl`g/ dc gtrg`tlultgtc-

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P`fmlttkc g ptsdlgt ķ˅m gd˅ķm`lic tcfml`l goc gugmngrdcl àmtcizargmc/ g ķ˅m`cr`gtisotc dlmtrc coc/ ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pcrlap ¶pl ms

’dszg src`fc‟; ķ˅m tagtc cvzcrlcmt¶coc rcxso)

tgtcoc gs eapt grtlptl`c/ isxl`goc/ lgr gstarso p)g grgtgt dcxlmuaot ¶pl olzplt dc pcrulolpi-Dlm tagtc/ gstarso g zgptrgt zrabgblo a lmpgtlpeg`t¶lc `grc o)g eg`st pg pc gzrazlc dczrazrlg pg isxl`g- Egt¶g dc tagtc g`cptc `srcmtc g gust a gtltsdlmc `rltl` g olzpltg dcdanigtlpi pgs dc àizocvc zraulm`lgoc- L˅m tagtc pc plitc ¶pl sm arlxamt `sotsrgo ogrn`grc dczg¶pc¶ptc zraecplamgolpiso ķ˅mnspt; arlxamtso `sotsrgo/ ms ķ˅mpg sm `grg`tcr olurcp`-

Ual cvcizol`g `s zlcpg’

Dlgoan‟ dlm zcrlagdg pg iadcrmlptg- @aizaxltarso il)g

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744

Ual cvcizol`g `s zlcpg’

Dlgoan dlm zcrlagdg pg iadcrmlptg- @aizaxltarso il gdgrslt zgrtltsrg og 20- :6->>- A gi ķ˅m egt¶g/ dc g`ccg ¶ptls ¶pl dgtg cvg`tg; dlm `sulmtcoczc `grc oc)g p`rlp `g dcdl`gt¶lc rcxsotg `g taìgl gp`sotgpci ķ˅izrcsmg azcrg

’Lamg‟-

Os`rgrcg’

Dlgoan‟ ‐ zcmtrs ulaoam`co paoa ¶pl gmpgibos earigt dlm flgst/ abal/ ògrlmct/àrm/ traizctg/ zlgm ¶pl zcr`st¶lc ‐ dgtcgxg dlm 7<53- Gi dlrlhgt zlcpg og Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅m7<>< ķ˅m smso dlm àm`crtcoc zc `grc oc lmtltsogi

’isxl`l zgrgococ‟ ¶pl gi gust zog`crcg

pg a gi `g paolptg zc ulaoam`colptg Mgtgolg Nstigm/ zrlctcmg ¶pl àogbargtagrc g oslP`fmlttkc- P)g zgptrgt/ dlm ecrl lrc/ a ķ˅mrcnlptrgrc zc `grc ug zrazsm pg a gp`sotgig`si-

(

O)gi ugxst sotlig agrg zc Goercd P`fmlttkc ķ˅m 7<64 `s zrlochso Ecptlugososl Lm)tcrmgt¶lamgo dc isxl`g àmtcizargmg dc og Iapàug- Mlicml ms c zraect ķ˅m t¶grg osl;P`fmlttkc crg zranrgigt `s a p`srtg dgr eagrtc bsmg zlcpg zcmtrs gmpgibos il`- Il)gpzsp ķ˅mpg `g os`rcgxg eagrtc isot8

’G`si ‐ xl`cg co ‐ gi dc os`rs zcmtrs `˅ķt¶lug gml

dc gl`l ķ˅mglmtc; tagtg zrabocig cptc pg s cs isot¶silt dc `ccg `c eg`-‟ Gzal/ ķ˅m `gpg

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smsl isxl`lgm 27 ķ˅m `grc gi mlicrlt ķ˅izrcsmg/ uarblmds)pc dcpzrc pgmgtgtc/ P`fmlttkcg pzsp8

’cl dg/ gi flzcrtcmplsmc grtcrlgog; smcarl ghsmn `s igvlig og 24‟-

Gi gflgt isot igl t˅ķrxls `g ķ˅m 7<64/ gfl˅ķmds)pc og sm Ecptlugo isxl`go ķ˅m @gs`gx/ gpsecrlt sm gtg` `crcbrgo ¶pl g lmtrgt ķ˅m àig/ ptgrc ķ˅m `grc g rgigp tliz dc a osmg; p)gtrcxlt/ ¶pl)g rcngplt àm¶ptllmt¶g/ dgr ms ¶pl esm`t¶lamgrcg iķ˅lmll drcztc- L)g trcbslt isot tlizzcmtrs g ķ˅mugt¶g pg)¶pl p`rlc zgrtltsrloc `s iķ˅mg ptķ˅mng8 g àmtlmsgt pg os`rcxc mcgbgtst-

L˅m 7<66 pgs 7<6< o)gi rcugxst ķ˅mtr)sm osmn lmtcruls zc il`so c`rgm; aiso crg eagrtcp`flibgt/ dgr og eco dc g`tlu pl rcpzampgblo; og ķ˅mtrcbgrcg dg`g cptc rcolnlap g rgpzsmp

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p` bgt/ dg g c dc g`t u ¶p cpza pgb ; g t cbg cg dg`g cptc c n ap g gpzs p`g cptc `gtaol` &rcolnlg igicl pgoc,/ dgr grc sm dsfauml` artadav- L˅m 7<6< gi ugxst ogtcoculxar rctrgmpilplg smsl àm`crt dlm arg¶pso Kgxgm; Nfldam Krcicr `˅ķmtg sm ersiapàm`crt zcmtrs ulaolmg ¶pl ar`fcptrg dc P`fmlttkc; àizaxltarso crg ķ˅m pgog ¶pl srigrcgisxl`g il¶p`˅ķmd gblg zcr`cztlblo bsxcoc; crg sm ecptlugo

’P`fmlttkc‟ ķ˅m `grc/ tliz dc

¶pgztc xloc/ p)g `˅ķmtgt msigl isxl`g g`cptsl àizaxltar- L˅m`g dlm 7<64 il p)g pzsp `gog àm`crtcoc `s isxl g dc P`fmlttkc zsbol`so ulmc ‐ `ltcx ‐

’`g og g`cocg `s isxl`g dc

@cglkaupkl‟- P`fmlttkc ms g gust ml`ladgtg zrchsdc`gtg’

isxl`ll rcxcrugtc‟; g darlt pgg``cgdg og zsbol` ¶pl g rcs¶plt zc dczolm-

Dlmtrc tcfml loc àmtcizargmc/ ķ˅m iad cvzol`gblo/ P`fmlttkc p)g plit¶lt gtrgp ķ˅miad dcapcblt dc àogh; zrg`tl`grcg ķ˅m isxl`loc dc oi g gt˅ķtar ecosrl dc isxl`g &dccza`g/ eaoòarl`c/ dc hgxx ct`-, l)gs ķ˅mocpmlt a tcfml`g dcxlmuaotg dc trc`crc dc og sm ptlo

og gotso-˅Lm os`rgrloc pgoc plieaml`c ķ˅mpg/ àoghso cptc ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pszsp smsl pàz ¶plsmcl ulxlsml `grc dczg¶pc¶ptc plizog zog`crc g dlucrtlpicmtsosl; zcrpzc`tlug trgnl`g pgs

msigl icogmàolg trc`stsosl gbparb àoghso ķ˅mtr)sm àmtcvt pszcrlar- @aoghso `gzgtg

27- Crgi lmultgt¶l og zr˅ķmx dc Lugm Iamlnfcttl/ smdc g eapt ¶pl K- Zcmdcrct¶kl `s pat¶lg- Iamlnfcttl g`˅ķmtgt ķ˅m Ecptlugo àm`crtso zcmtrs ulaoam`co ¶pl ar`fcptrg go osl Zcmdcrct¶kl `s `grc g dcucmlt zrlctcm-

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gpteco ķ˅mt¶cocpso smsl `gocldapàz/ go smsl pzc`tgào go ulct¶ll; zrlm ecrcptrcoc dcp`flpc gocpsflctsosl zgtrsmd tagtc càsrloc osill `s pgs egrg ualg osl P`fmlttkc; mc n˅ķmdli ogrcgolpiso psrzrlmxgtar go osl @f- Lucp-

L˅m egt¶g g`cptcl culdcmt¶c/ Goercd P`fmlttkc g uarblt og pe˅ķr¶pltso gmloar “>: dc zaolp)tlolpi ; mcualmd pg c ngrdlgm go zsrltgt¶ll ptlolptl`c/ g gdilp àcvlptcmt¶g smar ptlosrl

dlecrltc ‐ dszg ilmc sm pliztai go zaptiadcrmlpisosl- Trcbslc eg`stc smcoc zrc)`lxgrl8 zrlm’

igl isotc ptlosrl‟/ zrlm zaolptlolpi ms pc ķ˅mt¶cocnc dagr `ltgrcg dc azcrcpgs igmlcrc isxl`goc; matlsmcg pc gzol`g og p`rlltsrl pl ptlosrl dlecrltc- L˅m rcgoltgtc/ uc)

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745

pgs igmlcrc isxl`goc; mat¶lsmcg pc gzol`g og p`rlltsrl ¶pl ptlosrl dlecrltc- Lm rcgoltgtc/ uc`fcg `fcptlsmc g ptlososl cptc zspg og sm mluco pszcrlar; ptloso cptc aiso ¶pl ms igmlcrg;igmlcrg pc zagtc liltg/ dgr ptloso bg; `˅ķmd uarbli dcpzrc zaolptlolpi/ mc rcecrli tat ogsm ptlo/ dgr sm ptlo `s zstcrcg dc g gbparbl arngml` igmlcrc dlecrltc-

L˅il gilmtcp` `g og ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “6:/ uarblmd og Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar dcpzrc

zaolptlolpi/ gi eapt cs ķ˅mpsil ķ˅mt˅ķizlmgt `s psrzrlmdcrc; ķ˅mtrc tliz/ icmtgoltgtcg`srcmtg g cuaosgt/ dc¶pl ms zrcg isot; ķ˅mpg sltgi `g igrll àizaxltarl eagrtc zcrpamgolgs eapt ¶pl cl ķ˅m iad rcp`

’zaolptlol¶ptl‟8 Bg`f g gbparblt gtķ˅tcg ptlosrl/ Brgfip g gzgrst

àmtcizargmloar `g sm à`ktclo dc P`fsbcrt/ Icmdcoppafm ‐ Bgrtfaod|/ P`fsigmm;zcrpamgoltgtcg oar p)g dcnghgt trcztgt ķ˅m àm¶ptllmt¶g zsbol`sosl; p)g zstst abpcrug ķ˅msotlicoc dc`cmll ecoso `si p)g dcnghgt zcrpamgoltgtcg osl Igfocr/ sm àizaxltar `czgrcg gt˅ķt dc còc`tl` z˅ķmg ms dc isot- Cptc igl nrcs pg dlptlmnl a zcrpamgoltgtc og

a àmflscmt¶g dc ptlosrl/ dc`˅ķt smg `grc pc sltg icrcs ķ˅m anolmdg zcmtrs g)¶pl zgptrgzsrltgtcg; gstaanolmdlrcg zcrigmcmtg sltg dc rcptso osill/ zc `˅ķmd grtlptso `grc ‐ uarbgosl Cmcp`s ‐

’grc `cug dc pzsp‟/ ghsmnc zagtc igl nrcs pgs igl t˅ķrxls/ dgr ghsmnc igl

blmc og a gstadcmlrc ptlolptl`g zocmgrg-

Og P`fmlttkc cvlptg sm gpzc`t ptlolptl` `grc zagtc zraua`g aragrcg iadcrml¶ptloar

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g`gdcil`l8 sm gmsilt mcaògpl`lpi- Dgr ctl fctg dc’

mcaògpl`lpi‟ g dcucmlt ķ˅m`gdlm tlizso pcrlgolpisosl sm ¶pgboam zcmlblo; `g`l/ dc og zlcpcoc mcaògpl`c dc pgoam/ilmlgtsrgoc ¶pl à`fctc zaptptrgulmpklcmc og isxl`g osl Cmcp`s/ Famcnncr/ P¶aptgkaul`l‐ `g pg osgi dagr `˅ķtcug cvcizoc igharc ‐ cptc a dlecrcmt¶g zc `grc msigl ilazlgmc`rltl`g a zagtc lnmarg-

Gpzc`tcoc mcaògpl`c goc osl P`fmlttkc ‐ zc o˅ķmng `goltgt¶loc pszcrlagrc dc ic¶ptc¶psn/gpszrg `grarg zstci trc`c ‐ pc gflg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg ķ˅mtr)sm àmtcvt `grc dczg¶pc¶ptc g¶pg)msiltso ptlo mcaògpl`; coc psmt psbardamgtc smcl drgigtsrnll/ smcl ulxlsml noabgoc;

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; n / n ;lptarlg isxl`ll &¶pl ms msigl zrcògpl`lpiso, àmptltslc a igtcrlc ulc dlm `grc pc frgmc¶ptcisxl`g osl P`fmlttkc-

Uai cvcizol`g abpcrugt¶lloc dc igl psp zrlm’

@am`crta nrappa ma- 2‟; `coc trclàm`crtl nrappl goc osl P`fmlttkc psmt dagr a zgrtc dlm isotlzococ osl àm`crtc zcmtrs

paol¶ptl ¶pl ar`fcptrg- Os`rgrcg g eapt àigmdgtg dc Ar`fcptrg Elogriaml`g dlm Bcrolmzcmtrs paol¶ptll Aocn Kgngm ¶pl Mgtgolg Nstigm/ `cl dal àogbargtarl zcrigmcmt¶l gl oslP`fmlttkc-

Dcmsilrcg dc’

@am`crta nrappa‟ cptc zgr`g zrcdcptlmgtg mcaògpl`lpisosl; gr tats¶pl nrc¶plt pg a àmpldcrgi mcaògpl`g- @coc zgtrs zgrt¶l psmt dcptlmgtc g `˅ķmtgtcegrg ķ˅mtrcrszcrc/ `g`l dc¶pl ògr grtl`sogtc/ psmt psbardamgtc smcl drgigtsrnll smltgrc;ķ˅m zrlulmt¶g g`cgptg àm`crtso gilmtc¶ptc &dc cvcizos, igl isot dc `coc zgtrs zgrt¶l goc

àm`crtsosl zcmtrs ulagrg dc Gobgm Bcrn dc`ķ˅t dc sm àm`crta nrappa dc F¦gmdco-Zgrt¶loc L ¶pl g LLL)g gs ķ˅mtr)gdcugr gpzc`tc mcabgra`c/ dgr ķ˅izrcsmg `s isxl`g olrl`g

¶pl ķ˅m uc`lmgtgtcg smar isxl`l dc àogh `grc lmugdcgxg zlcpg/ rcxsotgmtg cptc `cug `grcms pc zagtc msil mcaògpl`lpi- Rcxsotgmtg g`cgptg cptc gdķ˅m`g icogmàolc; pcmtlicmtsodc rcogvgrc dczrcplug cptc gdilrgblo cvzrligt ķ˅m sotlig zgrtc g os`rgrll-

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Gstarso g rcucmlt gpszrg os`rgrll/ `˅ķmtgtc ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ķ˅m 7<62 og Bcrolm/ ¶plucrplsmcg dcmltlug g eapt ķ˅mrcnlptrgtg ķ˅m 7<6< `s Nfcmgdl Rahdcptucmpkl `g dlrlhar/Aocn Kgngm ‐ ulaolmg ¶pl Mgtgolg Nstigm)ulaoam`co-

L˅m zrcxcmt G- P`fmlttkc c ptgblolt og Fgibsrn/ zrcdg àizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog og G`gdc)ilg dc Isxl`g dlm g`co arg¶p- Cptc icibrs go G`gdcilcl dc Grtc dlm Bcrolm/ Pta`kfaoi/I¦sm`fcm- Os`rgrloc pgoc psmt gdcpcg `˅ķmtgtc ķ˅m ptgnlsmloc plieaml`c dlm Mc~ \ark/ Ulc)

mg/ Iapàug/ Oamdrg ¶pl gotc igrl arg¶pc- A isxl`g `c lmtrg ķ˅m ulgt¶g isxl`gog egrg gtrc`c mcgzgrgt zrlm zagrtg ecptlugosrloar-

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746

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·Nķ˅mdsrl dcpzrc isxl`gàmtcizargmg

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àmtcizargmg

ARDLMCG L˅M TSRMSO BGBCO 22

Zrlultg msigl dlm gegrg/ isxl`g pcàososl VV &g¶pg `si eg` lmgil`ll cl, zagtc zgrcgsm mas Bgbloam- Zrlultg msigl dlm dlmgsmtrs &`si a eg` smll egmgtl`l, ‐ dcgpcicml'

@acvlptcmt¶coc `coc igl ptrgmll ¶pl egmtcxlptc/ àmtrgdlp`st¶lloc `coc igl gp`st¶ltc/ zgrpg dlmgiltcxc gmpgiboso/ olzplmds)o dc smltgtc/ rgzlmds)l arl`c arlxamt/ ds`ķ˅mds)o z˅ķmgog mampcmp-

Rcxsotgtcoc/ zcmtrs `cl `c ķ˅m`cgr`g tats¶pl g ucdcg sm gmpgibos psmt ¶pl coc àmtrg)dl`tarll8 bogigrc pgs ogsdg mcàmdlt¶lamgtg pgs dcxarlcmtgrc-

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22- Cilplsmc rgdla/ 2 lsolc 7<56-

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Gtsm`l `˅ķmd Bg`f/ pgs igl t˅ķrxls Rl`fgrd gnmcr eg`cgs aàoso Ncrigmlcl/ zstcgspzsmc `g gs `smap`st gzragzc ķ˅mtrcgng `sotsrg isxl`gog- Gotc `˅ķtcug t¶grl csrazcmcàizoctgs smlucrpso isxl`ll `sotc8 Ltgolg/ T¶ grloc dc Hap/ Gmnolg/ Ergmt¶g/ ķ˅m`g urca`˅ķtcug tcrltarll; gzal bgrbgrll pgs mgtsrg ulrnlmg; tat rcptso crg mcisxl`g ķ˅m cvlptcmt¶gmctsobsrgtg ¶pl mctsobsrgtagrc zcmtrs isxl`g-

Dszg pcàoc igl t˅ķrxls/ gxl/ `˅ķmd dszg smll isxl`g g dcucmlt a bgrbgrlc/ dc egzt msigl cvlptg tcrltarll bgrbgrc zcmtrs grtg isxl`ll- Tagtc g`cptcg paol`ltg zart¶loc isxl`ll/bgt esrlap og ecrcptrcoc cl ¶pl isxl lgmso àmtcizargm ms oc zagtc mcpaàtl/ ms zagtc˖ ob d o P ˅ l d bl l o ˖ e o

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73:

pg c mctsobsrgt dc coc- P)gr zstcg pzsmc/ ķ˅mglmtc dc g uarbl igl zc ogrn/ `g eart¶coc`cmtrlesnc ¶pl `cmtrlzctc ķ˅m isxl`g gs osgt a gizoagrc mciglķ˅mt˅ķomltg- @ampsigtg ķ˅mlmtcrlarso cl trgdlt¶lamgo/ dlosgtg zrlm cvtlmdcrcg ¶pl rcgolxgrloc cl/ isxl`g lrsizc pzrccvtcrlar/ gpzlrg pzrc mcisxl`g; ķ˅meaictgt ¶pl ultgo/ tat `ccg `c c pamar ¶pl cvtcrlar isxl`ll/c `g g`cgptg pc msic¶ptc Gerl`g/ dloctgmtlpi pgs ¶ptllmt¶g/ bgtc og zart¶loc isxl`ll- G`cgptgsrlg¶pg dsbog il¶p`grc pc msic¶ptc isxl`g àmtcizargmg-

---@˅ķmd ķ˅m`czc isxl`g iadcrmg1

@coar `c ķ˅mtrcbgs `˅ķmd g ķ˅m`czst zl`tsrg iadcrmg/ ol p)gs dgt ‐ ķ˅m dlecrltc iaicmtc‐ rgpzsmpsrl dlecrltc- L˅mglmtc dc ķ˅mtķ˅lso rgxbal iamdlgo zl`tsrg iadcrmg ķ˅m`czcg a

dgtg `s lizrcplaml¶ptll; igl t˅ķrxls/ cg ’˅ķm`czs‟ `s @cxgmmc; ķ˅m zrcghig `cosl dc godalocg rgxbal iamdlgo/ pgs licdlgt dszg g`ccg/ àoc`t¶lg Pklrg aecrcg `g ķ˅m`czst zc

’egsul¶ptl‟8 Zl`gppa pgs Igtlppc/ dc cvcizos- Dszg go dalocg rgxbal iamdlgo pc trgpg

sm mas ķ˅m`czst8 grtg mamnsrgtlug/ pgs Kgmdlmpkl/ Iamdrlgm ¶pl got¶ll- Tagtc `cocogotcķ˅m`czstsrl gmtcrlagrc pc ògpl`lxgpcrg ķ˅mtrc tliz-

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G`cog¶pl os`rs p)g ķ˅mt˅ķizogt ¶pl ķ˅m isxl g- @flgr gtsm`l `˅ķmd Pglmt)Pg¦cmp àmptgtgiagrtcg isxl`ll zrlm Dcbspp|/ `cl `c gucgs a`fll gt¶lmtlt¶l pzrc ulltar pspt¶lmcgs `g aisxl`g masg ķ˅m`czc a dgtg `s g`cpt àizaxltar- L˅mtķ˅lg grigt¶lc &g osl Pglmt)Pg¦cmp, mlpc zgrc gxl culdcmt nrc¶pltg/ dgr ¶pl g dasg grigt¶lc cptc dczg¶pltg gxl8 Dcbspp| cptc smògpl`-

Dc goteco/ ķ˅m`czstso isxl`ll mal ķ˅¶pl gucg `co zst¶lm dasg zrc`cdcmtc ķ˅mglmtc dc Dc)bspp|- Smso g eapt `flgr ^gnmcr-

’Trlptgm ¶pl Lpaodg‟ g zstst àmpldcrgt zc bsmg

drcztgtc dlpzgrlt¶lg smcl osil tamgoc uc`fl ¶pl ķ˅m`czstso smcl isxl`l mal-

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Dgr ms msigl’

Trlptgm‟ `l ¶pl g`co licmp Zrcosdls og’

Gsrso Rlmsosl‟ ķ˅m `grc smmcabl¶pmslt zc gtsm`l plit¶ go tlizsosl ķ˅m mcil¶p`grc pc eg`cg gsxlt zrlm ptgtl`so il)bciaoighar/ egrg gotc esm`t¶lsml griaml c/ tliz dc ilmstc ķ˅mtrcnl; ms crg g`cpt il)bciaoighar egrg dailmgmtg/ psbdailmgmtg/ pgs gotc trcztc dctcrilmgmtc/ a lmdlecrcmt¶g egt¶g

dc tamgoltgtc/ a sltgrc g tamgoltgt¶ll/ g¶pg `si ml`l sm got àizaxltar ògpl` ms ¶pl)gr zstst lignlmg adgtg1

Sm got zrc`cdcmt g eapt `rcgt¶lg àizaxltarloar ¶pàoloar mgt¶lamgoc- P¶l dg`g/ ķ˅m ncmcrgo/g`c¶ptl àizaxltarl gs `gstgt pg ķ˅izg`c/ pg lmtcrpc`tcxc icmtgoltgtcg oar masg `s g`ccgògpl`g/ gtsm`l `co igl rgdl`go ¶pl `co igl ncmlgo dlmtrc cl ‐ Ispparnpkl ‐ ms g eapt ¶pl cosm ķ˅m`czgtar dc isxl`g masg/ sm gbaoltar go isxl`ll uc`fl1 Ms g `gstgt agrc igrcocpgs zrlctcm Karpgkau pg)o àm`lolcxc `s isxl`g uc`fc/ ķ˅mdrczt˅ķmds)l `ccg `c zgrcg gtķ˅t

dc ’gmtl)ògpl`‟/ gmtl)trgdlt¶lamgo1 Gdcugrso c/ `g Ispparnpkl lmgsnsrg a gotg trgdlt¶lc/masg/ zazsogrg/ mcigķ˅mtķ˅omltg ¶pl mc˅ķm`gzķ˅md ķ˅m ògpl`lpiso gmtcrlar-

Gxl gnmcr ¶pl Ispparnpkl psmt dc isot ògpl`l; `flgr zcmtrs Dcbspp|/ cl crgs ògpl`l/ògpl`ll urcill osl- Drgnaptcg zcmtrs Ispparnpkl/ drgnaptcg gicptc`gtg `s srg egt¶g dc

gnmcr/ gs àmptltslt zsm`tso dc rcgxli ķ˅m `rcgt¶lg osl Dcbspp| ‐ g`cptg cptc gxl sm

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egzt blmc `smap`st ‐ og r˅ķmdso pgs/ ògpl`/ dcucmlt lptarlc g isxl`ll-Gtsm`l `˅ķmd zgr`srnci sm ogmt¶ dc ismt¶l zlp`so licdlgt srigtar `cosl dlm egt¶g

magptrg zgrc pg c `co igl igrc/ `gstg pg ķ˅mnfltg zc `clogot¶l; gtsm`l `˅ķmd trc`ci dcco/ abpcrugi `g pc c¶pgoamcgxg ķ˅m r˅ķmd `s `clogot¶l- Og eco/ dc isotc arl/ sm mas ecmaicmisxl`go mc eg`c pg ucdci `ccg `c cptc ķ˅m co lmpaolt/ mciglķ˅mt˅ķomlt; trgdlt¶lamgoso dlmco trc`c zcmtrs iaicmt ķ˅m sibrg- Lptarlg ķ˅mpg/ c`flolbrcgxg; dc`cmlloc gds` `s plmc a

ulxlsmc smltgrg- Dc g`ccg/ trgdlt¶lamgoso `grc g cvlptgt ķ˅m ^gnmcr/ Ispparnpkl/ Dcbspp|/g eapt ugxst sotcrlar; lgr `ccg `c crg mctrgdlt¶lamgo dgr ncmlgo g dcucmlt trgdlt¶lc dszgg`ccg igl blmc xlp g `rcgt trgdltlc

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g`ccg/ igl blmc xlp g `rcgt trgdlt¶lc-Lptarlg cptc `gzrl lagpg- Dszg iagrtcg osl Dcbspp| g srigt còlzpg osl; ķ˅mpg dszg

còlzpg &zcrlagdg’

`coar 5‟ ergm`cxl, ‐ g srigt a rcmg¶ptcrc8 Ugrjcpc/ Icpplgcm/ Haoluct/Basocx àmtlmsg trgdlt¶lg lmgsnsrgtg dc Dcbspp|-

Got¶l àizaxltarl ec`smdcgxg lptarlg zcptc pcàoc- Sm ncmls a`cgml` ‐ `g H- P- Bg`f

‐ `grc ķ˅m`fclg a zcrlagdg/ ¶pl)g rcķ˅m`czst ulgt¶g masg/ g dcucmlt ec`smd gblg og sm pcàodszg iagrtcg osl-

Got¶l grtl¶ptl dc ncmls rgiķ˅m plmnsrl pcàoc ķ˅mtrcnl8 Bap`f/ Brcsnco/ Ucriccr/ Co Nrc)à rculm dszg pstc dc gml/ rgiķ˅m plmnsogrc zadagbc goc isxccoar/ zrailt¶˅ķmd uc¶pml`cķ˅m`czstsrl dc drsi-

L˅m isxl`g Ncpsgoda dg Ucmapg cptc sm gpcicmcg grtlpt- G`cgptg olbcrg `lr`sogt¶lcg pgiķ˅mt¶cl ķ˅m lptarlg grtcl rgiķ˅mc smg dlm ogtsrloc `coc igl ersiagpc goc cuaost¶lcl

pzlrltsosl sigm-

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P¶l g`si/ ķ˅mtar`˅ķmds)mc og ķ˅m`czstso isxl`ll iadcrmc/ ug trcbsl pg pzsmci `gg`cgptg isxl`g g igl ķ˅m`czst dc `˅ķtcug arl ¶pl dszg Dcbspp|-

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P`gmdgoso zrcilcrcl osl Ptrgulmpkl’

Pg`rc ds Zrlmtcizp‟ &7<70, og Zgrlp g eaptàmpldcrgt ķ˅m`czstso smcl crc mal ķ˅m isxl`g-

Dgr/ eagrtc rczcdc/ g`cgptg zlcpg fsldsltg dc smll/ gdargtg dc got¶ll/ dcucml a zlcpgògpl`g ‐ lgr igl t˅ķrxls a zlcpg dc rczcrtarls abolngtarls zcmtrs ar`fcptrcoc plieaml`ciadcrmc-

’

Pg`rc‟ g zstst àizgrgt `s a lxbs`mlrc g egsulpisosl ķ˅m isxl g- Ptrgulmpkl

ķ˅mps¶pl zgrgpl dlrc`t¶lg ¶pl pc bogxg ķ˅m mcaògpl`lpi/ rgiķ˅m˅ķmd ķ˅mpg ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc zcmtrsisotg osic ocnlpogtarso isxl`ll mal-

Lgtg ķ˅mpg `g licdlgt dszg rgxbal esrg dcpàzcrltl Ulcmcxll mal‟8 P`f¦ambcrn pl

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Lgtg ķmpg/ `g licdlgt dszg rgxbal esrg dcpàzcrlt¶l’

Ulcmcxll mal 8 P`fambcrn ¶plcocull pgl Bcrn ¶pl cbcrm- Tat¶l ķ˅izrcsmg ¶pl c`grc dlmtrc cl gs àmptltslt ķ˅m`czstsosmar dlrc`t¶ll mal ķ˅m grtg isxl`gog iadcrmg- @flgr ¶pl Ptrgulmpkl pc pszspc osl cbcrm-

Dszg cbcrm/ sm mas ķ˅m`czst g eapt pcrlgolpiso/ iaicmt `rlptgolxgt zrlm 7<35 ogDgriptgdt ¶pl gl `grsl zrlil ¶pl `cl igl lizartgmt¶l rczrcxcmtgmt¶l gs eapt Basocx/ Mama

¶pl Pta`kfgspcm-Mc azrli gl`l/ zcmtrs `g lptarlg g àmtlmsgt-

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Trcbslc ķ˅mt¶cocp `g c`grc dlm g`cptc iaicmtc isxl`goc/ &lmcngoc zagtc ķ˅m ugoagrc,/‐ c`grc cucmlicmt `c g ķ˅mpcimgt a iagrtc ¶pl a mg¶ptcrc tatadgtg/ g ķ˅izlmp igl dczgrtcisxl`g pzrc dcnrlmnaogdg/ pzrc Bgbloamlc1

L˅m arl`c `gx/ ulgt¶g isxl`gog àmtcizargmg ķ˅¶pl grc zc o˅ķmng gdilrgtarll cl/ dctrg`tarllàmulm¶pl ¶pl smcarl ķ˅mdrltslt¶l-

Zrlmtrc g`c¶ptlg dlm srig gi urcg pg dlptlmnci trcl `gtcnarll-7- A pcgig dlmtrc cl mcgng ķ˅m boa` ecmaicmso àmtcizargm- Zcmtrs cl isxl`g

pc tcrilmg/ iagrc ķ˅mtr)sm gmsilt iaicmt8 c `s Dcbspp|/ c `s Ptrgulmpkl/ c `s

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P`f¦ambcrn/ c `s gotso- Dszg cl ķ˅m`czc zrgzgptlg/ mcisxl`g- G`c¶ptl dctrg`tarl azrcp`lptarlg ¶pl `ccg `c sricgxg pc msic¶ptc `gogiltgtc-

2- Got¶ll mcgng dlecrltcoc zcrpamgoltgt¶l pgs `srcmtc àmtcizargmc dc zc zaxlt¶lg smslgmsilt `srcmt pgs smcl gmsiltc ldcl àmtcizargmc- Grigrcg smsl grtlpt `crc smcarlmcngrcg &blmcķ˅mt¶cocp zrlm`lzlgog/ ms ¶pl ds¶pigmagpg pgs gdilmlptrgtlug, g gotslg; gipzsmc `g g`cptcg psmt mcngrl àmptrs`tluc/ dc os`rs- Dcbspp| p)g rldl`gt ķ˅m àmtrg osl

^gnmcr- P¶àgog osl P`f¦ambcrn o)g gmtlzgtlxgt zc Ptrgulmpkl- Zc urcisrl/ ķ˅m ¶pàgog rspg/

’nrszso `coar 3‟ crg lmgil` go dlrc`t¶lcl `cglkaupklcmc-

C gdcugrgt `g mcngrcg smar pàol dc `gtrc zraxcoltll gotarg cptc igl zstlm ugoaragpg

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C gdcugrgt `g mcngrcg smar ¶pàol dc `gtrc zraxcolt¶ll gotarg cptc igl zst¶lm ugoaragpgdc`˅ķt pcmtlicmtcoc àmptrs`tlu ‐ dcptrs`tluc goc igc¶ptrloar ķ˅m¶pl¶pl- Dc gpcicml ‐ iglzst¶lm plizgtl`g-

0- L˅m mc/ igl cvlptg a `gtcnarlc dc mcngtarl- G`c¶ptlg mcgng c`grc `srcmt mas;ķ˅mpg og gzgrlt¶lg srigtarsosl/ zgr g sltg gmtlzgtlg egt¶g dc iaicmtso gmtcrlar/ gdcrg og

zrc`cdcmtso/ ķ˅o zrlicp`/ ķ˅o rc`smap`/ ķ˅o ogsdg/ pc golgxg `s co zcmtrs g fsldsl iaicmtsomas-

Isot¶l dlmtrc g`c¶ptl `rltl`l mcngtarl pcgigmg ¶pl `s ogtrgtarll `c zctrc` `grmgugosrloc;cl dcxgzrabg/ dgr `grgugmg trc`c ¶pl gzal lgs icrcs ķ˅m zrlilrc gotc `grgugmc-

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P¶l gtsm`l1 @rcdci `g isxl`g pcàososl VV trcbslc zrlultg `g sm ecmaicm ài)

zocv/ `g sm zra`cp ķ˅m dcxuaotgrc- Trcbslc `smap`stg ķ˅m `gsxcoc/ iablosrloc/ cec`tcoc clugoaragpc pgs mcngtluc- G`cptg cptc sm `gzltao go cuaost¶lcl pzlrltsosl sigm-

Zrchsdc`gt¶loc trcbslc ogpgtc dc a zgrtc; zrlulrcg os`ldg/ lmtslt¶lg grtlptl`g/ dcp`fl)dcrcg ogrng/ gmgolxg `rltl`g ‐ psmt `cl igl bsml ķ˅mpat¶ltarl gl `cosl `c urcg pg `smagp`gecmaicmso ¶pl dlmgsmtrs ¶pl dlmgegrg/ zcmtrs g gucg `s gdcugrgt a ulxlsmc ogrng ¶pl drcgztg-

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IGNLPTRGOL P¶L IGRNLMGOL 20

L˅m msigrgtagrcg lmucrpg `gtrc gmso 2:::/ Gtogpso maptrs dc isxl`g masg ķ˅¶pl ug vggtcmt¶lg tat igl isot ¶pl gpszrg smar gpzc`tc &pg oc pzsmci, zgrgdlnigtl`c goc isxl`llmal/ `s gotc `sulmtc/ gpszrg smar ncmcrgoltgt¶l ugogbloc zrctstlmdcml-

Ignlptrgol ¶pl igrnlmgol/ lgtg a dlfatailc `grc ¶pl)g eg`st oa` tat igl isot ķ˅m isxl`g

dc dszg go dalocg rgxbal iamdlgo8 Ignlptrgol/ gdl`g `cl `c icrn zc ¶papcgsg `cmtrgog/zc ignlptrgog lptarlcl isxl`ll ¶pl Igrnlmgol/ gdl`g tat¶l `clogot¶l/ `grc psmt og igrnlmcg/ ogzcrlecrlg lptarlcl

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zcrlecrlg lptarlcl-L˅mt¶cocncrcg lptarlcl `g sm tcrltarls `s `cmtrs/ `s `gzltgog/ `s drsi `cmtrgo sml`/

gilmtc¶ptc lxbltar dc g`co igrvlpi uaosmtgrlpt `grc g dcucmlt dlm mcecrl`lrc g`co rcgo;co zrcp`rlg sm drsi sml` lptarlcl ¶pl pc zsmcg zc plmc ķ˅m `cmtrso g`cptclg; zrcosg zgrtcgiagrtg g oapacl fcncolcmc/ g`ccg `grc g zstst ucdcg ķ˅m iamgrflg zrspg`g ķ˅m`smsmgrcg

¶pl peķ˅r¶pltso lptarlcl cl-Ncmcrgt¶lg t˅ķmgrg g gmloar “3: g vgt `s dc og plmc zstcrc a ignlptrgog g lptarlcl-

L˅m cm`lòazcdlg Egpwscooc gzgrstg gtsm`l og Zgrlp/ cvlptgs `lm`l ignlptrgol8 P`f¦ambcrn/Bcrn/ cbcrm/ Ptrgulmpkl ¶pl Bgrtak- Zrlm zsmcrcg g`cptarg zc sm zaptgicmt pc rczgrga mcdrcztgtc; cl espcpcrg psbgzrc`lgt¶l ķ˅m cza`g gmtcbcol`g; dgr dc og rczgrgrcg smclmcdrcztgt¶l ¶pl z˅ķmg og dc`rctgrcg drsisosl sml` c a dlptgmt¶g igrc; g`cgptg dlptgmt¶g geapt zgr`srpg ķ˅m zrlicoc `lm`l ilmstc goc il`sosl

’

bln bgmn‟ dc dszg go dalocg rgxbal

iamdlgo-L˅m pcàoso VLV ¶pl VV gs igl cvlptgt agicml `grc gs uarblt dcpzrc isxl`g ulltarsosl;

gnmcr ¶pl Pkrlgblm gs eapt zrlmtrc `cl igl matgblol; dgr ml`l smso dlmtrc cl ms g zrctlmp

20- Cilplsmc rgdla/ 77 lsmlc 7<<6-

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urcadgtg `g g`cptg cptc sml`so drsi-

Gugmngrdg licdlgt zaptbcol`g g azcrgt’

rcuaost¶lamgr‟ ķ˅m pcmpso rgs go `suķ˅mtsosl8`sr˅ķmd P`f¦ambcrn g dcucmlt

’iart‟/ lgr Ptrgulmpkl g¶plhdcrcg; dlm Bgrtak gs eapt

’trlgtc‟

Pamgtg zcmtrs dasg zlgmc ¶pl isxl`g zcmtrs àgrdc ¶pl zcr`st¶lc/’

@am`crtso zcmtrsar`fcptrg‟ &a `gzadazcrg, lmd àmpldcrgt

’pogb ¶pl ķ˅m rcnrcp‟-

Dgr rcuaost¶lg ms p)g azrlt gl`l8 p)g àmptgtgt `g icoadlg `g ilhoa` dc cvzrcplc c ¶plcg iagrtg; g dlpzgrst ¶pl

’iatluso isxl`go‟; griamlg g eapt ķ˅moa`sltg `s

’ptrs`tsrg‟;

iadsrloc/ p`grloc isxl`goc/ gr dlm tlizso osl Zgxugmtc'

S o t otl l d lo l' Z l ˅ t tlt˖ ˖ ˖ d fl ˖

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Sm zraoct`sotlpi lmucrp/ dc xloc igrl' Zrlm ķmnsptg zartlt¶g rgigpg dcp`flpg gszrlilt

’bloct dc lmtrgrc‟ dagr `ķ˅t¶lug/ bgtrķ˅mso Ugrjcpc ogilmgt zcmtrs g pc zstcg ptrc`srg

zrlm zartlt¶g `s’

Lmtcnrgocp‟/ dlrlhgtc dc Z- Basocx/ dc cvcizos-

Dlmtrc `cl mal/ zracilmcmt¶l gs eapt Basocx/ Pta`kfgspcm ¶pl Mama- Zlcpg osl Bas)

ocx ’@la`gmso egrg ptgzķ˅m‟ &’Oc igrtcgs pgmp ig˅ķtrc‟, g pt˅ķrmlt gdilrgt¶lg bgtr˅ķmsoslPtrgulmpkl/ ķ˅m zolm ceart dc gdgztgrc/ ulmaugt ¶pl gzragzc àmdgimgt og iagrtc zcmtrsdcol`tso dc

’mcaògpl`lpi‟-

Mc zstci ķ˅mtrcbg gptgxl dg`g ms crg ķ˅m gdilrgt¶lg osl Ptrgulmpkl ¶pl a bsmg daxg dcerl`g pgs ig`gr dc dlzoaigt¶lc zcmtrs g lmtrg ķ˅m nrgt¶lloc rcuaost¶lcl- Dgr zcmtrs g pàgtcķ˅m culdcmt¶g ugoagrcg os`rgrll osl Basocx crg agrc mcualc pg rgxl tatso dlm hsr1

Dlmtrc tlmcrll igc¶ptrl gl iaicmtsosl g zstst lmtrg zrlm zartlt¶g Aolulcr Icpplgcm/

igl gocp `s ptsdlso)cpcs ’Iadsrl dc dsrgtc ¶pl lmtcmpltgt¶l‟ dlm `grc g zarmlt isxl`gpcrlgog; g eapt ķ˅mpg `rltl`gt ķ˅m armltaoanlg pg isxl`gog/ dc¶pl ‐ pg rcpzc`tgi gdcugrso'‐ dagr `rltl`gt ¶pl ms lmtcrxlp/ `g`l tat Basocx l)g dlrlhgt `s brla ¶pl g`cptc os`rgrl- Dlmzsm`tso ics dc ucdcrc g eapt lnmargtg ogtsrg `cg igl pciml`gtlug g `rcgt¶lcl osl Icp)plgcm/ cvzrligtg ķ˅m

’@grtcg zcmtrs arng‟ &

’Olurc d“arnsc‟,/ `s isxl`g pg dc coaùcmt¶g

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blbol`g/ dcpeg¶psrgtg ķ˅mtr)sm pzgt¶ls)tliz ctgm¶p-

Gs lmtrgt zc ignlptrgog gzal/ egrg ualg’

rcuaost¶lcl‟/ àizaxltarl `g Os`lgma Bc)rla/ Hgmmlp Vcmgklp/ N|¦arn| Olnctl/ g`cptg dlm srig zgrķ˅md pg c sm gzrazlgt go cl-Vcmgklp

’g lmtrgt‟ `rltl`ķ˅md pcrlgolpiso lmtcnrgo/ ķ˅mpg ķ˅o `rltl`g dlm gzrazlcrc &

’Camtg‟/

’Zltfazrgktg‟,-

Dgr lgtg `g gmll gs trc`st ¶pl lptarlg isxl`ll g rcesxgt pg ķ˅mnfct¶c-˅Lmtrc tliz/rcuaost¶lamgrll ķ˅m¶pl¶pl gs eapt zc dczolm aiaoangt¶l dc ulgt¶g isxl`gog/ dc `rltl`g isxl)

`gog `grc og ķ˅m`czst ķ˅l lnmarg pgs dcplmt¶g- Smll dlmtrc cl/ `g Vcmgklp/ Pta`kfgspcm/Olnctl gs dcucmlt zraecparl g`gdcil`lcml; dg`g ms g eapt lmultgt og G`gdcilg Ergm`cxg

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73>

Olnctl gs dcucmlt zraecparl/ g`gdcil`lcml; dg`g ms g eapt lmultgt og G`gdcilg Ergm`cxg‐ rc`go`ltrgmtso Basocx g dcucmlt zraecpar og @aoojcnc dc Ergm`c-

L˅mpg ķ˅m àmdlt¶lloc ulct¶ll isxl`goc dc gxl/ `˅ķmd ms igl cvlptg sm plmnsr `cmtrs &iamdl)go, go isxl`ll/ lgr lptarlg isxl`ll ms grc mcgzgrgt a ¶papcg `cmtrgog/ ignlptrgoll dc

adlmlagrg pc plit igrnlmgolxgt¶l- Zcmtrs g ms igrnlmgolxgt¶l cl trcbslc pg eaoapcgp`glmflscmt¶g oar osicgp`g- L˅m hsrso igl c`grslg dlmtrc cl cvlptg sm nrsz dc lmflscmt¶g-Cl dcpàzcrg/ blmc`suķ˅mtcgxg ¶pl zraiaucgxg tgocmtc mc`smap`stc; esm`t¶lamcgxg plptc)iso pcrul`lloar rc`lzra`c &ergm`cxso msic¶ptc g`cgptg

’rctrliltcrcg gp`cmparsosl‟,- Sm

cvcizos dc igrnlmgolxgrc8

Zamdcrcg osl Pta`kfgspcm ķ˅m ulgt¶g isxl`gog g dlilmsgt ķ˅m iad àmpldcrgblo- @s gmlķ˅m srig gi `ltlt sm lmtcruls go osl Pta`kfgspcm ķ˅mtr)a rculptg zgrlxlgmg; co dczo˅ķmncg

egztso `g zogmso p`flt¶gt ķ˅izrcsmg `s Il`fco Ns| zcmtrs sm ecptlugo ’Pta`kfgspcm‟ ogZgrlp `grc trcbslg pg rcsmcgp`g `coc igl igrl ar`fcptrc gicrl`gmc/ cmnocxc/ ncrigmc ¶plergm`cxc `s `cl igl `cocbrl dlrlharl ‐ ms g zstst rcgolxgt- Zc gtsm`l/ Pta`kfgspcm iglcrg sm rcnc)ptgr go ulct¶ll isxl`goc lmtcrmgt¶lamgoc/ g¶pg `g zrctcmt¶lg ms l pc zgrcg cvgnc)rgtg; i)gi n˅ķmdlt gtsm`l `g Bcctfaucm/ Bg`f/ gnmcr/ @cglkaupkl ms gr ķ˅mdrgxmlt

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pg)¶pl cvzrlic a gpcicmcg darlmt¶g-

Lgr gmso trc`st/ og Zgrlp o)gi gsxlt zc Pta`kfgspcm ķ˅mtr)sm lmtcruls og Rgdlazoķ˅mn˅ķmds)pc dc àocnso pgs Basocx/ `grc ķ˅m oa` pg dlrlhcxc Pta`kfgspcm/ dlrlhcgxg zrcgisot Igfocr ¶pl ^gnmcr-

L˅mpg zgrgdavso pltsgt¶lcl àmptg ķ˅m g`ccg `g g`si Pta`kfgspcm ms g dcucmlt sm ài)zaxltar igl pogb/ `l dlizatrlug/ sm ic¶ptcr dc iķ˅mg ķ˅mt˅ķlg; zagtc `g ogtsrg zrapzc`tlugg isxl`ll pgoc c igl zst¶lm zrcnmgmtg/ eart¶g pg grtlptl`g zrazrls)xlpg ķ˅mpg g `rcp`st-Ugoagrcg zrapzc`tlug g zrlicoar pgoc os`rgrl c zagtc igl isot dc ardlm lptarl`/ zc `ķ˅mdos`rgrloc pgoc igl mal psmt igl cvzrcpluc igl zstcrml`c

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os`rgrloc pgoc igl mal psmt igl cvzrcpluc/ igl zstcrml`c-

P¶l gl`l rcucmli og dlfatailg ignlptrgol)igrnlmgol; gdcpcg ‐ ¶pl igl gocp ķ˅m xlococmagptrc ‐ pc ķ˅mtķ˅izog `g igrnlmgoll pg c igl ull/ igl cvzrcplul/ igl lmtcrcpgmt¶l dc`ķ˅t`cl gflgt¶l zc ignlptrgog-

Igrnlmgolxgrcg igrloar grtl¶ptl ms c sm ecmaicm rgr ķ˅mt˅ķomlt ķ˅m lptarlg grtcl- Pg mcgilmtli dc igrcoc Rcibrgmdt `grc ķ˅m tlmcrct¶cg pg g eapt sm zl`tar og iadg/ `s igrlps``cpc/ `s àicmxl dc os`rgrl- Pzrc bgtr˅ķmct¶c zl`tarso p)g ķ˅mplmnsrgt; ¶pl)g zl`tgt igrlocgstazartrctc gzragzc sltgt ķ˅m dc`rczltsdlmc; dgr ķ˅m rctrapzc`tlucoc Rcibrgmdt/ ig)tsrltgtcg ¶pl bgtr˅ķmct¶cg psmt igrloc osl cza`l `rcgtagrc- Igrnlmgoso Rcibrgmdt g eaptzogpgt sotcrlar zc ignlptrgog-

Hafgm Pcbgptlgm Bg`f g eapt eagrtc rcpzc`tgt/ dgr ķ˅m sotlicoc pgoc dc`cmll co dcucmlpc

sm igrnlmgo; ll pgl crgs zc ignlptrgog; Bg`f ķ˅mps¶pl &˅ķm ’Grtg Esnll‟/ ķ˅m ’AergmdgIsxl`gog‟, ¶pl)g ķ˅mtarp zrlulrloc tat igl isot `gtrc uc`floc zaoleamll-

P¶l/ lm`rcdlblo/ ilmsmgtso Iaxgrt g isrlt igrnlmgolxgt-’

Osicg bsmg‟ dlm Ulcmgo)g lnmargt zc gstarso zrcg zazsogr `grc eg`spc a pstg dc rczrcxcmtgt¶ll `s

’Eogstso ecr)

ic`gt‟- Iaxgrt ¶pl)g ugxst rcpzlmpc dasg `crcrl dc gdcrgrc og Gpa`lgt¶lg àizaxltarloar

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dlm Ulcmg-

Dgr mc zstci nķ˅mdl ¶pl og `cl igl gzragzc dc mal/ dlm xlococ magptrc/ dc zc icocgnsrlocmagptrc; dagr g`si dasg pgztgiķ˅ml g isrlt igrnlmgolxgt/ dczgrtc dc pzat)olnftso `rl)tl`ll/ go G`gdcilcl/ go Smlsmll P`rlltarloar/ go Ilmlptcrsosl @sotsrll/ P¶tcegm Bgmsocp`s/sm igrc p`rlltar/ smso dlm `cl igl dc pcgig dszg go dalocg rgxbal iamdlgo- Gr trcbslpg plit¶li `s tat¶ll a hcmg/ n˅ķmdlmds)mc og g`cgptg ķ˅izrchsrgrc; `s tagtg eareatg zaoltl`g

¶pl pa`lgog àtldlgmg/ ulgt¶g rcgog g pzlrltsosl trc`c zc o˅ķmng mal-Rcucmlmd og Pta`kfgspcm/ zrazsm pg gp`sotgi smg dlm os`rgrloc pgoc dlm zcrlagdg

dc igrnlmgolxgrc8’

Dgmpso osl Os`lecr‟ igrtsrlpc¶ptc gmsiltc ocngtsrl `s isxl`g smar

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n’

¶ nPkrlgblm pgs Icpplgcm/ egrg urcsm gzco og isxl`g g`cptarg/ `l igl gocp dlm darlmt¶g smslg``cp og ulbrgt¶lg àpil`g- L˅mt˅ķizogrcg g eg`st pg s ķ˅m pgog `flgr og àm`crtso g `grslķ˅mrcnlptrgrc a gp`sotgi g`si8 ar`fcptrg Rgdla Bcrolm dlrlhgtg dc Pta`kfgspcm-

LIZC@GBLOL P¶L USOMCRGBLOL 24

Cptc agrc rcocugmtg dlptlm`t¶lg ķ˅mtrc lizc`gblo ¶pl usomcrgblo ķ˅m isxl`g masg1 Is)xl`g masg g `rcp`st/ pc ¶ptlc/ zc trsm flso iadcrmlpisosl/ `flgr dg`g cg pc msic¶ptc

’zaptiadcrmg‟ pgs urcg pg c a rcg`t¶lc og iadcrmlpi; ar/ iadcrmlpiso g ķ˅izlmp zc

zrliso zogm gmsiltc ugoarl `grc trgmp`cmd grtg `g gtgrc; igl dcnrgbg dc`˅ķt

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zcrec`tg‟/

iadcrmlpiso darc¶ptc `g grtg pg pg c ¶pa`gmtg/ cvzrcplug/ ķ˅mpg lizc`gbloso zgrc pg csmso dlm gtrlbstcoc zcrec`t¶lsmll; zcrec`t/ dc`l &arl`si, egrg `spsr/ lizc`gblo/ lmgtg`g)blo- Lgr dg`g gpzlrl og a cvzrcplc eagrtc zstcrml`g pgs og psboli/ ķ˅t¶l gpsil ¶pl rlp`so dc g

24- 20 lsolc 7<<6-

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usomcrgblo/ àmtcptgblo-

Pltsgt¶lg g`cgptg ms cptc taìgl masg ķ˅m lptarlg grtcl- Tat¶l igrll grtl¶ptl gs zstst usomcrgblol/ lizcrec`t¶l/ `flgr dg`g gs gtlmp psboliso- Pfgkcpzcgrc/ Daptalcupkl/ Na|g/Bcctfaucm gs eapt usomcrgblol; gblg tlizso g ¶poceslt gpzcrltgt¶loc oar; co g mlucogt lmcng)oltgt¶loc `grc oc pgrcgs ķ˅m a`fl àmtcizargmloar8 lgr smcarl tlizso g ¶poceslt gt˅ķt dc blmc/ķ˅m`ķ˅t oc)g ta`lt cvzrcplg/ d˅ķmds)oc sm os`ls dc `rcptaigt¶lc-

P¶l tats¶pl isxl`g pcàososl VV g lult `gzadazcrc/ g rcocugt grtl¶ptl lizc`gblol- Os)`rgrloc smsl àizaxltar `g Igsrl`c Rguco gs lizrcplamgt ¶pl tatadgtg gs ecric`gt dcog zrlig oar gsdltlc Pl ķ˅m g dasg hsigtgtc g pcàososl ķ˅m xlococ magptrc cvlptg grtlptl

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75:

og zrlig oar gsdlt¶lc- P¶l ķm g dasg hsigtgtc g pcàososl/ ķm xlococ magptrc/ cvlptg grtl¶ptlķ˅mtr)gdcugr lizc`gblol; àmplptcmt¶l ¶pl lizc`gblol- Zrlicoc msic `grc ķ˅il ulm ķ˅m ilm)tc psmt8 Ostapog~pkl/ Dstloocsv/ Olnctl- &Zrliso dlmtrc cl g isrlt g`si `˅ķt¶lug gml-,G`c¶ptlg psmt ml¶ptc Daiml; tat `c gs zradsp zrcxlmtg zrlm `flgr pcimgtsrg a ngrgmt¶lc

dc `goltgtc- Isxl`g oar trc`c zrlm otrcoc bsmsosl)nspt; os`rgrcg isxl`gog cptc ’surg) hgtg‟/ aiancmg zc tagtg ķ˅mtlmdcrcg; psbptgmt¶g isxl`gog cptc icrcs dcmpg- Ncptgt¶lg oarcptc dc abl`cl ocmtg; esrmlxgrcg dc gpcicmcg- Tlizso ms)l fgltslc¶ptc zc g`c¶ptl grtl¶ptl;ķ˅m`cr`grloc og `grc ķ˅l pszsmc ulgt¶g àtldlgmg ms rgxbgtc ķ˅m isxl`g oar- Ms zat¶l dc`ķ˅tpg)l gdilrl gp`sotķ˅mds)oc isxl`g-

Uarbcgi dc fgltslrcg dc `gtrc tliz; a gilmtlrc8 g`si urca 3: dc gml ķ˅m tlizsosmcl ulxltc eg`stc osl Dliltrlc @sòlm l)gi gdilrgt a zgrtltsrg og `grc taìgl os`rg/ a

plieamlc- @sòlm p`rlg zgrtltsrg dlrc`t `s ta`so `s zcmlt¶g ’Kogzp‟ islgtg ķ˅m `goligrg;zc zgrtltsrg crg ¶pl a f˅ķrtlc psngtlug/ sptcmplog dc `grc cocull ¶pl ptsdcmt¶ll dc gxl ms gsigl gsxlt- Zgrtltsrg pc azrcg brsp` og a igpsrg `s bgrg trgpg `srgt `s rlnog/ zrabgbloķ˅m `flgr xlsg g`ccg- Og zrlulrcg icg lmtcrangtlug/ @sòlm il)g rgpzsmp8

’@aizsm ķ˅m

c`grc xl/ dlrc`t zc zgrtltsrg; ms ig nrgbcp` ml`ladgtg; cs ms gi erl`g g`ccg dc iagrtc

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g osl Bctfaucm `grc pc ucdc ¶pl ķ˅m igmsp`rlpcoc zgrtltsrloar pgoc‟- @sòlm g urst pg pzsmg`g zc co tlizso ms)o fgltslc¶ptc; ¶ptlg agrc `g ug trgl <: dc gml1

L˅mtar`ķ˅mds)mc og’

lizc`gbloltgtc‟/ pg pzsmci `g zcrec`t¶lsmcg smcl zgrtltsrl ķ˅mpcgi)mg ms taìgl g`cog¶pl os`rs `g ¶pl g`si a pstg dc gml- L˅m g dasg hsigtgtc g pcàososlVV zcrec`t¶lsmcg rcògig sm gmsilt nrgpi; zgrtltsrg trcbslc ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc pg

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grgtc blmc‟/ gdl`g

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lmtcrcpgmt‟/

’

lm`ltgmt‟- P¶àgog masg zaoamcxg g gust `g ptgrt a

zrca`szgrc zramsmt¶gtg zcmtrs gzgrcmt¶g zgrtltsrll; zrca`szgrcg zcmtrs pcilanrgc/zcmtrs matgt¶lc g eapt nrlhg dc `gzctcmlc; Zcmdcrc`kl g ercùcmtgt ķ˅m gmll “5: àmnrcpcoc¶pl pcilmgrlloc dcdl`gtc g`cptsl gpzc`t go isxl`ll-

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Dgr’

ersispct¶cg‟ nrg`g g smcl zgrtltsrl ms ķ˅l gplnsrg àcrcmt¶g ¶pl `s gtķ˅t igl zst¶lmpsbptgmt¶lgoltgtcg- P)gs zstst ucdcg isotc zgrtltsrl `grc

’grgtg‟ gdilrgblo/ dgr `grc

dcxgigncp` og gp`sotgrc ¶pl gmgolxg- Tat gpteco `si `su˅ķmtso ms gàzcrg ldccg/ ķ˅m isxl`gpcimso nrg` ms gàzcrg/ `l msigl trliltc og ldccg isxl`gog-

G cvlptgt zcmtrs a p`srtg zcrlagdg ¶pl sm `srcmt dc isxl`g’

nrg`g‟; co zrazsmcglmtcrzrct¶loar pcimc p`rlpc &isxl`goc pgs msigl zgrt¶lgo isxl`goc, zc `grc gstarll oar msoc dcmcgs ¶pl ms oc cvzol`gs; cl `crcgs lmtcrzrct¶loar dagr a c`flugocmt¶g pamarg zcmtrs`ccg `c oc psncrg nrg`-

@s gpcicmcg cptctl`g isxl`gog ms zat¶l ghsmnc dczgrtc; rcxsotgtso g eapt dc abl`cla b˅ķob˅ķlgog/ ķ˅m `co igl bsm `gx ml¶ptc il`l iaicmtc isxl`goc `grc pc sltg dc og a òlzg

og gotg-’

Lizc`gbloltgtcg‟ smcl zgrtltsrl ķ˅m g dasg hsigtgtc g g`cptsl pcào g rcògigt `ccg`c ergm`cxso msic¶ptc `s sm bgrbgrlpi sm gmsilt

’ispt‟/ zc raig˅mc¶ptc

’ispgl‟-

@g pg lmtcrcpcxc sm àm`srp/ sm hsrls/ sm dlrlhar/ sm ecptlugo àmtcizargm/ a zgr)tltsrg trcbslc pg glbg a pcgig dc zsm`tc dc lmtcrcp nrg`/ smcoc cvzol`gt¶ll ¶pl rcà)

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igmdgrl pgs ig`gr gosxll `grc trlilt og `sotsrg/ oapac/ rcolnlc/ zaoltl`g- Gdcpcg ķ˅mpgķ˅mdczolmlrcg g`cptar àmdlt¶lsml ms zagtc gp`smdc naol`lsmcg smcl os`rgrl isxl`goc-

Dgr pg mc gdrcpgi igl blmc smar zgrtltsrl `grc/ ķ˅mdczolmlmd àmdlt¶lloc smsl’

ispt‟&sz)ta)dgtc ,/ gdgzaptcp` ¶pl sm n˅ķmd isxl`go àmplptcmt- L˅m zrlulmt¶g g`cgptg a ugoag)rc plnsrg cptc ^ltaod Ostapog~pkl `s zgrtltsrloc pgoc osvsrlgmtc/ bangtc ķ˅m dctgoll ¶pltatadgtg gt˅ķt dc c`lcmtc dlm zsm`t dc ucdcrc pamar-

Pg cvcizol`gi `s’

Ha`srl ucmct¶lcmc‟/ smg dlm zgrtltsrloc pgoc `grc gs zradsppcmxgt¶lc og iaicmtso gzgrlt¶lcl ķ˅m osicg ecptlugosrloar dc isxl`g masg-

@ccg `c pc zagtc gdilrg og Ostapog~pkl cptc ¶pl gstacvlncmt¶g pg; ķ˅¶pl `sma¶ptcg zrct¶so

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z ¶ n ¶ ; ¶ ¶ z ¶dgr crg ¶pl mcisot¶silt dc plmc- L˅mtr)sm oi)zartrct zc `grc o)g eg`st tcoculxlsmcg BB@ķ˅m sotliso pgs gm dc ulgt¶g/ Ostapog~pkl ķ˅¶pl cvzrlig mgxslmt¶g dc g ghsmnc og a masgn˅ķmdlrc icoadl`g; iadcrmlpiso g dcxuaotgt tat¶l zgrgictrll n˅ķmdlrll isxl`goc ¶pl lgtg `gog sm iaicmt dgt grtg isxl`gog darcg pg rculmg og a ogtsrg cpcmt¶lgog `grc pc plitcmcnolhgtg8 Icoadlg- I)g lizrcplamgt g`cgptg t˅ķmhlrc dc sotli iaicmt g osl Ostapogupkldszg icoadlc-

P¶l dg`g a isxl`g dc Ostapogupkl ķ˅t¶l ug dg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pgtlpeg`t¶ll isxl`goc/ ms c iglzst¶lm gdcugrgt `g g`cptcg pc zctrc` ķ˅mtr)sm gmsilt gibltsp; coc ms àbagrg ml`ladgtgpsb sm gmsilt mluco/ dgr ml`l ms dczg¶pcp` urcadgtg a gmsiltg lmtcmpltgtc-

Ig ķ˅mtrcb dg`g isxl`g g`cgptg grc dc egzt g``cp og psboli- P¶l gtsm`l/ pg mc n˅ķmdli

og grtl¶ptll `grc psmt zagtc igl usomcrgblol/ igl lmcngol/ dgr `grc gs a `goc dc g``cpog psboli- N˅ķmdso ig ds`c licdlgt og Igfocr/ og Lucp/ og P¶aptgkaul`l- Ig ual azrl ogg`cptg dlm srig/ zcmtrs `g `clogot¶l gs isrlt igl dcisot-

P¶aptgkaul`l cptc zrlm cv`cocmt¶g àizaxltarso fgltslt dc tliz/ dc pa`lctgtc/ dc plmcķ˅mps¶pl; trgnl`so c giblgmt¶g pg mgtsrgog- Dgimgt dc a`lgoltgtcg paulctl`g/ zrlulmd `s

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aragrc rczrcplsmloc `grc eg`cgs pg dlpzgrg agicmll dlm hsrso pgs/ co dculmc dlm `c ķ˅m `cigl mcruap ¶pl egt¶g pg `gzgtg pzrc bgtr˅ķmct¶c a igp`g tcrlblog/ `grc ms zagtc sltgtgdc `cl `grc o)gs ugxst- Plolt dc `cmxsrg pg)¶pl ķ˅ibo˅ķmxcgp`g olibghso isxl`go/ co rcs¶pc¶ptczcrearigmt¶g dc g)¶pl

’ògpl`lxg‟ ilhoag`coc pgou˅ķmds)¶pl ķ˅mpg cvzrcplg isxl`gog/ gp`st¶lmd)

a `flgr- Co pzsmc ķ˅m rczctgtc r˅ķmdsrl8’

Cs ms psmt osztgtar ķ˅m ulgt¶g/ `l ķ˅m grtg‟-

L˅mtr)a `grtc p`rlpg g`si trcl dc`cmll Gmtalmc Naocg grig `g P¶aptgkaul`l grc `cug

àism `s Bcctfaucm/ gilmtc¶ptc dc co; ucmltg dlm zgrtcg smsl gzaoanct go iadcrmlpisosla gtgrc grigt¶lc pzsmc isot; cg cua`g zrabgblo gt˅ķt eart¶g cvzrcplcl bcctfaucmlcmc `˅ķt ¶plgmsiltc dcmlucogrl goc cl- Dcpzrc Plieamlg g U)g dc Bcctfaucm/ @fazlm g pzsp8

’Zrlig

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zgrtc g plieamlcl tc sr`g og `cr/ dgr mgoso tc grsm`g og zgiķ˅mt‟- Og P¶aptgkaul`l g`cptcdcmlucogrl psmt cvtrci dc zstcrml`c8 gl`l psboliso c uc`lm `s dcrlxarlso/ coc ulxcgxgctl`so- Trgncdlg c ‐ pc ¶ptlc ‐ dlm gmtl`fltgtcg nrcg`g ‐ uc`lmg `s àicdlg- Dc og aragrcog fafatso dc r˅ķp c sm plmnsr zgp; `c)l drczt ‐ sm zgp ķ˅m gblp-

Gstarll `grc iķ˅mslcp` lramlg ¶pl nratcp`so ulm ķ˅m uc`lmgtgtcg dcrlxarlsosl/ g kltp`f)sosl; cl/ `grc bl`lslcp` usongrltgtcg/ psmt smcarl ķ˅mulmslt¶l taìgl dc usongrltgtc; ms gsp`gzgt dc g`cpt rczra¶p ml`l Igfocr/ ml`l Daptalcupkl/ ml`l @grgnlgoc; P¶aptgkaul`l ulmc¶pl co gzragzc dc kltp`f ¶pl gdcpcg g eapt bgmslt `g pc àizog`c ķ˅m giblgmt¶g osl- P¶l cocptc smso dlmtrc `cl usomcrgblol- A zgnlmg

’usomcrgblog‟ dlm tlmcrct¶cg àizaxltarsosl

‐ @am`crtso zcmtrs zlgm/ ar`fcptrg dc àgrdc ¶pl traizctg-

P¶aptgkaul`l g p`rlp ¶pl isotg isxl`g dc ncm8 ugopsrl/ zao`l/ eavtratsrl; ķ˅m tlmcrct¶c cog eapt ¶pl zlgmlpt ķ˅m `lmcigtanrgeso ist- Cptc gdcugrgt `g co pc ¶pl àizog`c ķ˅m g`cptncm/ lgr nflolicococ zc `grc oc zsmc g`cptar zlcpc ms psmt tatdcgsmg ulxlbloc; ml`l ms cplnsr `g coc psmt gustc ķ˅m ucdcrc dc àizaxltar; arl`si/ co ms grc mgrloc rgmgtc gocosl Ptrgulmpkl-

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Dgr gogtsrl dc g`cptcg/ smcarl `flgr egt¶g ķ˅m egt¶g/ ptgs zgnlml dc trgncdlc `grc gtlmnpsboliso; ulrsocmt¶g oar lmtcrangtlug/ `grg`tcrso fgioctlgm/ ptgrcg g`ccg dc zraptgt¶lc`grc mc gds`c ķ˅m gzrazlcrcg

’mlil`sosl‟ fcldcnncrlgm ‐ psmt lmcngogbloc-

P¶l gtsm`l/ `si rgiķ˅mc `s lizc`gbloll ¶pl `s `cl usomcrgblol1 L˅m `ccg `c ig zrluc¶ptc/gi igl isotg mcualc dc g`c¶ptlg dlm srig; ig il¶p`g igl isot; ig ghstg pg ig rldl`zrlm isxl`g zcptc isxl`g-

G@GDCILG DC ISXL@G L˅M GMSO 2::: 23

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Pcàoso VVL ms cptc zrcg dczgrtc- Gmso 2::: pc gzrazlc `s zg¶pl rczcxl; ml)o zstcilignlmg ¶pl dchg cptc lmcultgblog ķ˅mtrcbgrcg8 `c ug dszg g`ccg1

P`flibgrloc ķ˅m ptrs`tsrg ulct¶ll isxl`goc ¶pl g grtcl isxl`goc zrazrls)xlpc mc psncrcgxg

‐ egrg g zrcxl`gtarl ‐ smcoc àmtlmsgrl ulltagrc- Dlrc`t¶ll àmtrgrc/ `flgr àmtrgdl`tarll/uar àmtlmsg pg pc dcxuaotc zgravlptl`-

Gpteco/ zc dc a zgrtc/ `grg`tcrso coltgr go grtcl isxl`goc ug àmtlmsg p g pc g``cmts)cxc/ dgr tatadgtg ¶pl `grg`tcrso dc àmpsi zazsogr go grtcl- Mlucoso tcfml isxl go golmtcrzrctgrll isxl`ll ug àmtlmsg pg `rcgp`g gpliztatl` `gtrc zcrec`t¶lsmc/ ķ˅mtr)sm eco ‐ugl' ‐ `g ¶pl rcàrdsrloc pzartluc og Aolizlgdc; sm taz iamdlgo go paol¶ptloar/ earigt¶lloar¶pl ar`fcptrcoar isxl`goc ug àmtlmsg pg lg gpzc`tso smcl tat igl g`stc àmersmtgrl ķ˅mtrc

isxl`lcml; raoso igmgncrloar ķ˅m g`cgptg àmersmtgrc ug `rc¶ptc ¶pl co/ lmflscmt¶˅ķmd zaxltlu¶pl mcngtlu `grlcrcoc grtlptl`c; lmtcrzrct¶ll uar trcbsl pg glbg ms msigl dcnctc bsmc `l ¶plàgtc bsmc/ zcmtrs g)¶pl eg`c oa` ķ˅m ulgt¶g isxl`gog- Ilhoag`coc mal tcfml`c/ dc og @D

23- Zrcocncrc og G`gdcilg dc Isxl`g Rsblm dlm Lcrspgoli/ 7<<7-

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z˅ķmg og `coc dc trgmpzart/ uar igrl ķ˅mpg ¶pl zaplbloltgtcg dc g``cp go zsbol`sosl eagrtcogrn og coltc- Isxl`g ug ucml ¶pl igl isot og dail`lols/ smdc ug gp`sotgtg àmeartgbloķ˅m losxlg tat igl dczolmg g pgoll dc àm`crt-

Dgr tat g¶pg `si pctcg dc mgtsrg mgtsrgog `rc¶ptc ulxlblo ķ˅m tagtc daicmlloc/ tat g¶pg¶pl ķ˅m isxl`g ug `rc¶ptc darlmt¶g dc g gp`sotg isxl g ķ˅m pgog; dc gpcicmcg ug `rc¶ptc/`g a rcg`t¶lc og tcfml lpi ¶pl ic`gml ltgtc/ nsptso zcmtrs zcrpamgoltgt¶loc

’igrnlmgoc‟/

arlnlmgoc/ `grc ms àm`cz grtg `g zc a ķ˅mtrc`crc pzartlug- &Zrc`si nsptso zcmtrs o)icoc osl âad| Goocm àizcmpcgxg ķ˅mtr)sm eco gtrg`t¶lg zcmtrs pszrgzrads`t¶lc dlm@golearmlg-, Zcrpamgoltgt¶l

’pzc`lgoc‟ `g Nocm Nasod pgs @ogrg Fgpklo uar `sotlugtc

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zrlm àizcmpgt¶lc `s zcrpamgoltgt¶loc tatgoc `grc dlpzsm dc ķ˅mtrcnso rczcrtarls zrc`si¶pl dc zstcrcg xl`g dc g `˅ķmtg arl`˅ķmd arl`c- L˅m g`cgptg pltsgt¶lc ¶pàoloc dc isxl`g uar oa`so `grc ug rldl`g tcfml`ltgtcg lmtcrzrct¶loar/ dgr `grc ug trcbsl tatadgtg pg gàrdc`cg igl igrc gtcmt¶lc `sotsrll oar isxl`goc ¶pl ncmcrgoc/ mlucososl oar pzlrltsgo/ earigrllzcrpamgoltgt¶ll grtlptsosl-

Got `szos dc tcmdlmt¶c àmtrgdl`tarll/ `grc pc uar dcxuaotg og zgravlpi/ ug g`cogdc rc`szcrgrc / ķ˅m zgrgoco `s g`cog dc zrapzc`t¶lsmc- Zrlm rc`szcrgrc ķ˅mt¶cocn gds`crcg ķ˅mulgt¶g dc àm`crt g tat `c g zradsp ķ˅m trc`stso ķ˅mdczgrtgt ¶pl gzrazlgt lptarlg isxl`ll-@ccg `c g eg`st og ilhoa`so pcàososl VLV Ecolv Icmdcoppafm)Bgrtfaod| `s isxl`gosl Bg`f/ pc zctrc`c og pe˅ķr¶pltso pcàososl VV `s ķ˅mtrcgng lptarlc g isxl`ll-

’Zflolzp‟

cdltcgxg zc dlp` ķ˅m Gmso Iaxgrt tagtc os`rgrloc g`cptslg/ lmòsplu g`cocg `c ms pc ngpcp`ķ˅m @gtgoanso K¦a`fco- L˅m sotlill 0: dc gml gplptgi og pzc`tg`soagpg ògpl`lxgrc g oslIgfocr/ ķ˅m `grc Ocamgrd Bcrmptclm g gust ‐ `rcd ‐ sm rao dc`lplu- Pc àmptgtg `g ķ˅m`gķ˅m isxl`g trc`stsosl/ `flgr dg`g

’tatso‟ zgrc `smap`st/ ms tatso c blmc ķ˅mt¶cocp; gblg ķ˅m

sotlill gml’

Ugrlgt¶lsmloc Naodbcrn‟ dc Bg`f gs lmtrgt ˅ķm rczcrtarlso `srcmt- L˅m igplug

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rc`szcrgrc g ugoarloar trc`stsosl ¶pl ķ˅m lizsmcrcg ugoarloar zrcxcmtsosl cvlptg losxlggtatzstcrll lmearigt¶lcl; aiso àmtcizargm `rcdc `g

’¶ptlc tat‟; ķ˅m rcgoltgtc/ gàoa smdc

cvlptg a zrcg igrc gbsmdcmt¶g g lmearigt¶lcl cptc igl nrcs pg tc dcp`sr`l/ `g pg dlptlmnl`ccg `c cptc igl arlnlmgo- Ug dcucml dc`lplug àmtrlbst¶lg `cmtrcoar ¶pl g zcrpamgoltgt¶loarisxl`goc dc g ngpl ¶pl g lizsmc `ccg `c cptc igl ugoarap- Zcmtrs g`cgptg trcbslc eagrtcisot `srgh ¶pl zcrpzl`g`ltgtc- Pg ms sltgi `g/ `flgr rczcrtarlso trgdlt¶lamgo ķ˅m`g rcptr˅ķmp

dc gptgxl g eapt lizsp dc igrl zcrpamgoltgt¶l; grflzazsogrso àm`crt zcmtrs ulaoam`cogo osl Duaˎrgk g eapt lizsp dc `gtrc @gpgop; trcbslc gzrc`lgtc ceartsrloc igl rc`cmtcgoc smar Lpgg` Ptcrm pgs Raptrazaul`l dc g pc arlcmtg zrlmtrc `rcgt¶lloc mal/ `fciķ˅md ogulgtg mal os`rgrl pl ķ˅m`cr`ķ˅md pg oc zraiaucxc Zrlm srigrc ceartso dc rc`szcrgrc pc

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ulgt¶g mal os`rgrl ¶pl ķm`cr`ķmd pg oc zraiaucxc- Zrlm srigrc ceartso dc rc`szcrgrc pcdaucdc¶ptc g co ķ˅mps¶pl sm ceart dc zrapzc`t¶lsmc-

Zc dc gotg zgrtc/ ceartso zrapzc`tlu zrazrls)xlp ug àmtlmsg pg pc dcpeg¶pagrc `sigrc lizctsaxltgtc- Masg ostflcrlc coc`traml`g ķ˅mpat¶ltg dc àizstcr zranrcpcgxg ķ˅mtr)sm rlti ercmctl`/ zsm˅ķmd og dlpzaxlt¶lg àizaxltarloar ilhoag`c zc `grc g`c¶ptlg `s nrcsghsmn pg oc ptgzķ˅mcgp`g; a lmptltst¶lc zrapzc`tlug `g LR@GI cptc àmersmtgtg `s nrcgsgilplsmc dc g zstcg ptgzķ˅ml ¶pl ugoarl`g ķ˅m àizaxlt¶lc ilhoag`coc cvtrci dc bangtc `grcķ˅l ptgs og dlpzaxlt¶lc; lignlmgt¶lg ostflcrloar àmtcizargml p)gr zstcg pg c dca`gidgtgigl igrc dc`˅ķt g`ccg g `rcgtarloar dc isxl`g-

@c pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog ķ˅m daicmlso àizaxlt¶lcl ¶pl go tcarlcl isxl`goc1 Pcàoso VV &¶pl igl

gocp/ `cg dc g dasg hsigtgtc g osl,/ g eapt dailmgt dc iadcrmlpi/ gugmngrdg ¶pl darlmt¶gdc arlnlmgoltgtc- Zgrcg `g gplptgi og a bgbloamlc g olibghcoar isxl`goc; dlucrpc ¶pàol pgsnrszsrl isxl`goc zgrcg `g uarbcp` olibl lrcds`tlbloc pgs `flgr lmàizgtlbloc ķ˅mtrc coc;c`grc àizaxltar g urst pg c ķ˅mtciclctarso smcl isxl`l mal; tcmdlmt¶g dc gtailxgrcghsmncg `flgr z˅ķmg gàoa `g c`grc os`rgrc ualg pg dcp`fldg sm drsi mas- Isot tliz

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p)g `rcxst `g ms igl cvlptg sm olibgh àism ķ˅mtrc àizaxltarl pgs ķ˅mtrc tcarctl`lcml-&Lgr gtsm`l `˅ķmd g`cpt olibgh àism cvlptg/ liltgt¶lg zcmlblog g igc¶ptrloar/ sm eco dczcmlblo dl`tgt grtlptl`/ zgrcg pg lmtrads`g olibghso eart¶cl ķ˅m grtg/ gàoa smdc co ms grc`c pg `gstc-,

L˅m gmll “3: ¶pl “5: g cvlptgt a tcmdlmt¶g tatgoltgrg g gugmngrdcl; pc `rcgpc lizrcplg `gisxl`g icrnc ķ˅mglmtc msigl zrlm pcrlgolpiso tatgo ¶pl zrlm `srpsrloc dc og Dgriptgdt;n˅ķmdlrcg osl Gdarma golicmtg egrg ualc g`cgptg tcmdlmt¶g- P)g plit¶lt dlm `c ķ˅m `c iglisot mc`cpltgtcg smcl n˅ķmdlrl tcarctl`c ms cvòspluc `l ķ˅m`gzgtagrc/ `grc pg rcnķ˅mdcgp`gcocicmtcoc dc bgxg goc tcarlcl isxl`ll/ eg`ķ˅md)a gztg zcmtrs gmgolxg dlecrltcoar tlzsrl dcdl l l o A l d o ˅ P S G l ˅ R ˅ l ˅ ˅ d

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75>

dlp`srpsrl isxl`goc- A gpcicmcg tcarlc p)g dcxuaotgt ķ˅m P-S-G- ¶pl ķ˅m Raig˅mlg ķ˅m`czķ˅md`s ilhoa`so gmloar “5:- @ccg `c ķ˅m P-S-G- p)g msilt zlt`f ògpp pct `g lmptrsicmt dcgmgolxg g isxl`ll gtamgoc p)g msilt ķ˅m Raig˅mlg iad `g ilhoa` iadcrm dc àizaxlt¶lcisxl`gog; ķ˅m pàzsrl dlecrltc ¶pl `s tcricml dlecrlt¶l g eapt msilt sm g`cog¶pl ecmaicm`grc g dcucmlt zsm`tso dc zoc`grc ķ˅m àmptrslrcg smsl iadco go n˅ķmdlrll isxl`goc lmtcr)ugol`c- G`cpt iadco cptc ķ˅m`gzgtar/ zcmtrs `g zagtc pcrul ķ˅m gmgolxg isxl`ll iadgoc/tamgoc/ pcrlgoc; tatadgtg/ co zsmc ķ˅m iķ˅mg àizaxltarsosl sm rczcrtarls dc ilhoag`c ¶plazcrgt¶lsml isxl`goc `grc zat pcrul àizaxlt¶lcl isxl`goc-

Dc egzt/ g`cgptg tcarlc/ `grc dg a cvzol`gt¶lc gpszrg ptgtstsosl psmctcoar ¶pl go lmtcrug)ocoar &g`cptc ecmaicmc dlptlm`tc/ dc¶pl lmtli ocngtc ķ˅m dlp`srpso isxl`go,/ rcàmptrslc¶ptc

ķ˅mpg¶pl tcarlg dc bgxg g isxl`ll ògpl`c csrazcmc `grc pc il¶p`g ķ˅m plptciso tcizcrgt-Tcarlg isxl`ll csrazcmc pc ngpc¶ptc `gi ķ˅m pltsgt¶lg Gmnolcl/ `grc g gust dc trc`st dc oglm`fcp/ ecct ¶pl ilocp og plptciso dc`ligo go ictrloar/ ì ¶pl ki; os`rso icrnc `gi nrcs/dgr ulgt¶g a `crc- @ccg `c pc msic¶ptc ķ˅m`g ¶pl gxl a`tgug &¶pl pc ug msil ¶pl ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc,cptc dc egzt/ ķ˅m`g dlm tlizso osl Bg`f/ iadsoso 72-

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@cl `grc ķ˅mugt¶g dc il`l àzll tcarlg isxl`ll/ ¶ptls `g a tcrt¶g igrc &4 pciltamsrl,gdsmgtg `s

’rgptsrmgrcg‟ cl/ a pcvtg il`g &6 pciltamsrl, dg a`tgug pgs smlpam &xcra,/

tat g¶pg `si ķ˅m plptciso xc`ligo arl`c msigr tcrilmgt `s 4 gdsmgt `s gotso `grc pctcrilmg `s 5 ug dg sm isotlzos dc xc`c/ sm msi gr `c pc tcrilmg `s :-

’Rgptsrmgrcg‟

lmtcrugocoar ms cptc got`cug dc`˅ķt ngplrcg plictrl`sosl ķ˅m nrszso goncbrl` iadsoa 72-Igtcigtl`g lmcrcmtg plptcisosl tcizcrgt trcbslc cvzol`ltgtg ¶pl zrcdgtg ķ˅mtr)sm eco pgs

gotso isxl`lcmloar ķ˅m zra`cpso dc ķ˅mugt¶grc g tcarlcl isxl`goc-@coc pzspc igl psp zrlucp` tcarlg isxl`ll ògpl`c csrazcmc; pc ¶ptlc ķ˅mpg `g isxl`g

smlucrpgog `szrlmdc a isot¶lic dc isxl`l trgdlt¶lamgoc `grc ķ˅¶pl gs zrazrlloc oar tcarll/ p`grlpl gàrdghc isxl`goc/ iadsrl `g pl dc goteco rltisrl zrazrll- Pc ptlc `g isxl`g csrazcgmg

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756

¶pl gàrdghc isxl`goc/ iadsrl `g ¶pl dc goteco rltisrl zrazrll- Pc ¶ptlc `g isxl`g csrazcgmgcptc dadc`geamg/ grc iadsoso 72 zcmtrs ķ˅mgot¶licg psmctsosl/ dgr matgrcg dsrgtcoar ¶pl grltisrloar cptc àm`czstg ķ˅mtr)sm plptci blmgr- Dlp`lzolmg isxl`gog csrazcgmg rgiķ˅mczcmtrs a tcarlc ncmcrgog g isxl`ll `ccg `c ncaictrlg csòldcgmg cptc zcmtrs tagtc

ncaictrlloc zaplbloc8 sm `gx/ dgr `co igl lmptrs`tlu-Isotc pc uar ķ˅mtķ˅izog ķ˅m ulgt¶g isxl`gog ¶pl ķ˅m ¶pàoloc dc isxl`g/ ķ˅m `rcgt¶lg ¶pl ķ˅m

tcarlg isxl`gog- Ms pc zat eg`c zraect¶ll/ dgr sm os`rs cptc ògr8 `lmc ug trgl ¶pl ug os`rgķ˅m daicmlso isxl`ll/ ms pc ug zol`tlpl-

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˅Lmpcimgrl dcpzrc isxl`graig˅mcgp`g dc gptgxl

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75<

A DCXUAOTGRC PSBPTGMT¶ LGOG 25

Dszg igrloc p`flibgrl zaoltl`c ¶pl pa`lgoc dlm sotlill gml/ zstci zrlul rctrapzc`tluil¶p`grcg àizamlptl`g raig˅mcgp`g dc dszg iagrtcg osl Cmcp`s &7<33,- Dg`g c pg aàizgrgi `s g`ccg dlm cptso Csrazcl gi zstcg pzsmc igl plizos8

’G eapt igl nrcs

`g ķ˅m Zaoamlg ¶pl igl s¶par `g ķ˅m Smlsmcg Paulctl`g‟- Ms gi gust olbcrtgtcg dc il¶p`grc¶pl dc lmearigt¶lc g zaoamcxloar/ dgr ml`l ķ˅mnrgdlrloc `coar dlm Rsplg- Gptg g eapt gdcugrgtmsigl z˅ķmg og sm zsm`t- L˅m igl 7<64 il p)g ķ˅mt˅ķizogt pg ig gfls ķ˅mtr)a `gpg &˅ķmtrc

got¶ll, `s P`fmlttkc ¶pl Zcmdcrc`kl; uarblmd dcpzrc isxl`g ķ˅m t¶grloc magptrc/ c`grc dlmmal pzsmcg `g ķ˅m t¶grg osl c igl nrcs- Cs rgiķ˅m ¶pl gxl og àmulmncrcg `g ķ˅m Raig˅mlg

25- Grtlàoso g eapt zsbol`gt ķ˅m go 0)ocg uaosi Csrazg ‐ Csrazg 7<<4 Dgp Hgfrsmdcrt dcr Gugmngrdc

lm Ilttco)smd Aptcsrazg zgn- 207-

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gmloar “6: nrcstgt¶loc gs dcucmlt cv`cpluc; nrlhg zcmtrs `godsrg ķ˅m pgog dc àm`crt crgg`si igl g`stg dc`˅ķt zrca`szgrcg zcmtrs `goltgtcg grtlptl`g-

Rcogtlug lxaogrc g Raig˅mlcl ķ˅m dc`cmlloc gmtcrlagrc g gust ¶pl ogtsrg cl bsmg8 gmsiltcpaost¶ll grtlptl`c `grc ķ˅m gotc t¶grl gs eapt osgtc dc ngtg/ ķ˅m Raig˅mlg gs eapt rc`rcgtc pgslmucmtgtc ķ˅m dczolmg lmdczcmdcmt¶g-

Pg osgi `g cvcizos `fcptlsmcg ocngtsrll `s psrpcoc trgdlt¶lamgoc- L˅m Raiķ˅mlg cg geapt a àmptgmtg g dcxuaotgrll mall isxl`l; ms g cvlptgt a zcrlagdg dc rcg`t¶lc pgs dcrczsoplc egt¶g dc isxl`g trgdlt¶lamgog zazsogrg &`si p)g ķ˅mtķ˅izogt ķ˅m gotc t¶grl, zcmtrsg pc rcucml igl t˅ķrxls `s aptcmtgt¶lc og eaoòarlpi- Dgr g`cgptg ms ķ˅mpcgimg `g cuaost¶lg

e t t d˖ ˖ l o ˖t lo l ll l o t dltl o d lt t t l

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7>:

g eapt mctcdg/ `g`l ocngtsrloc isxl`ll mal `s psrpcoc trgdlt¶lamgoc gs dcucmlt tat iglpsbtloc &og psncptlg isxl`loar osl Cmcp`s ¶pl Bgrtak,; ķ˅m àmdlt¶lloc rcptr˅ķmncrll olbcrtgt¶ll/a`lgoltgtcg ¶pl a zgrtc dlm àizaxltarll u˅ķrptml`l gl urcill gs ķ˅mulmslt zc tlmcrll dcgugmngrdg `g pc ķ˅mdczgrtcgxg dc psrpcoc isxl`ll mgt¶lamgoc/ bg `flgr `g dcptgblolxcgxg ¶pl

’ptrl`g‟ isxl`g mgt¶lamgog- Cptc dc ilrgrc `si/ ķ˅m g`cptc àmdlt¶ll/ `gtcdrg dc àizaxlt¶lc

dc og @ampcrugtarso dlm Bs`src¶ptl g zstst àmptltsltg dlm pzlrltc dcp`flpc `grc gsearigt mal ncmcrgt¶ll dc àizaxltarl; ms c igl zst¶lm gdcugrgt `g g`cgptg `gtcdrg g eapticrcs pspzc`tgtg ¶pl fgrt¶sltg; `cg igl igrc zgrtc dlm icibrll cl gs zgrgplt lmptltst¶lgog ilhoa`so gmloar “6:; ml`l sm icibrs go `gtcdrcl ms g zstst msilt zraecpar ķ˅mglmtcdc cucmlicmtcoc dlm 7<6<-

Tcfml`loc mal eaoapltc gs zstst `rcg àmesxlc- Isxl`g masg iadgog/ sriķ˅md smcocpsncptll goc osl Icpplgcm ¶pl cbcrm/ g gzgrst ulxltgtarloar `g sm `gisflgh go pcrlgolp)isosl/ a`lgo lmtcrxlp; cptgbolpficmtso/ `s gt˅ķt igl isot/ paàtcg ¶pl co g`cog¶pl os`rs- L˅mrcgoltgtc/ maso iadgolpi ms `gisflg ml`l a tcfml`g lmtcrxlpg- Og ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “5: gdcucmlt ògr `g p`grloc iadgoc psmt isot¶lil dc ògpc dc rcptsrl ¶pl `g zcmtrs gsxso is)

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xl`go àism coc pc àizartg `g isot¶lil ķ˅m ķ˅mt¶cocpso igtcigtl` go `su˅ķmtsosl- L˅m g`cog¶pltliz ldccg dc zlt`f ògpp pct g eapt `rlptgolxgtg ¶pl ķ˅m P-S-G- `g lmptrsicmt dc gmgolxgg isxl`ll gtamgoc- L˅m Raig˅mlg/ maloc ldcl gs gust igl dcnrgbg sm `grg`tcr zrgnigtl`/ncmcrgtlu/ gs eapt a ictadg dc àizaxlt¶lc; gs eapt eaoapltc azcrgt¶lsmloc dc lmtcrpc`t¶lc/rcsmlsmc/ àizocicmtgrlxgrc/ lmòsxlsmc ¶p-g- zc `grc gsxso isxl`go oc zcr`czc pzamtgm-

L˅m g`cgptg zcrlagdg p)gs gflgt gogtsrl àizaxltarll smcl ncmcrgt¶ll8 Tlbcrls Aogf/

Gdrlgm Rgt¶ls/ Gsrco Ptrac/ Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s; P¶tcegm Ml`socp`s/ Ilr`cg Lptrgtl/ Da)rs Zazaul`l/ I|rlgi Igrbc/ psbpcimgtso ¶pl got¶ll- Og peķ˅r¶pltso gmloar “>:/ ķ˅m

’@grtcg

Iadsrloar‟/ g`cptc ldcl gs eapt dspc dczgrtc/ ķ˅m`fcn˅ķmds)pc os`rgrcg icg ķ˅mtr)sm ia)dco go n˅ķmdlrll isxl`goc lmtcrugol`c; psmt dcnghgtc ptgtstso dc isotlil go p`grloar dc

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7>7

dco go nķmdlrll isxl`goc lmtcrugol`c; psmt dcnghgtc ptgtstso dc isot¶lil go p`grloar dcpsmctc ¶pl g`cog dc nrsz goncbrl` go lmtcrugocoar ķ˅m plptciso tcizcrgt; g eapt ptsdlgtg ¶pllmtcrg`t¶lsmcg dlmtrc psmctc ¶pl lmtcrugoc-

Dszg dasg dc`cmll/ zcrpzc`tlug g`cptar ldcl g dcucmlt ķ˅m`g igl ògrg-˅Lm gmll “5:g`cptc ldcl gzgrcgs `g igrnlmgoc/ `g`l `srcmtso dailmgmt crg pcrlgolpiso/ dlm `grc gs

rgigp g`si a ¶pàgog bsmg ¶pl sm msigr dc os`rgrl ugoaragpc- L˅m p`flib/ ocnloc `grcgs eapt ngpltc ķ˅m Raig˅mlg zcmtrs iadsrl ¶pl ķ˅m P-S-G- zcmtrs isxl`g gtamgog/ p)gsdaucdlt g ugogbloc ¶pl zcmtrs isxl`g tamgog; psmt/ `s gotc `sulmtc/ ocnl dc gdķ˅m`lic gocgp`sotgrll ¶pl ķ˅mt¶cocncrll isxl`goc- L˅m zcrlagdg zaptiadcrmg/ ķ˅m àmdlt¶lloc àcvlptcmt¶clsmar olibghc isxl`goc dlecrltc/ `smag¶ptcrcg ¶pl eaoaplrcg g`cptar ocnl ¶pl ilhoag`c àismc

tstsrar olibghcoar mc zcrilt pg azcrgi pcrlap ¶pl ms msigl ’dszg src`fc‟- G`cptcldcl gs zrcegt¶gt ¶pl a p`flibgrc dc aztl`g cec`tsgtg ķ˅mtrc tliz zc tagtg ķ˅mtlmdcrcggrtcl isxl`goc; àizocvltgtcg smcl isxl`l crg ķ˅mt¶cocgpg ķ˅m gmll pcrlgolpisosl s`cml`cp``g a `raigtlxgrc zranrcplug/ zķ˅mg og gàzcrlrcg il`ratamgog g ķ˅mtrcnll zoghl pamarc;p`grloc il`l/ zcmtgtamlloc/ `flgr dlgtamlloc fcztgtaml`c/ crgs àmpldcrgtc

’dcec`tluc‟-

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@s tlizso/ p)g ķ˅mt¶cocp tat igl blmc `g àizocvltgtcg smcl isxl`l cptc igl zst¶lm a`fcptlsmc dc ua`gbsogr/ `ķ˅t smg dc rcogt¶ll lmtcrmc goc dlp`srpsosl isxl`go- Maloc isxl`ldlgtaml`c ms gs gzgrst ķ˅m Raig˅mlg `g a iligrc g ilmligolpisosl/ `l `g a àmtlmsgrcarngml`g ķ˅m dcxuaotgrcg grtcl isxl`goc-

Zarmlmd dc og psrpcoc trgdlt¶lamgoc &gmsiltc isxl`l zazsogrc/ isxl`g blxgmtlmg,/ķ˅m `gstgrcg smcl plmtcxc gzrazlgtc mgtsrll cl &gzrazlgtg ķ˅m dcapcbl zgrt¶ll cl `˅ķmtgtc/

rc`ltgtluc/ dc zgrogmda rsbgta,/ p)g lizsp ¶pl p)g dcxuaotgt ctcraeamlg- P¶tcegm Ml`socp`sp)g a`szgt dc zaplbloltgt¶loc cl ķ˅m isxl`g àmtcizargmg; co g cogbargt a tcarlc g plmtg)vcoar isxl`goc àmpt˅ķmd dlm àiblmgrcg tstsrar plmtgvcoar zaplbloc- Tlbcrls Aogf cptczrca`szgt dc zaolctcraeamlc; co eg`c trgmpogtll goc smar zlcpc dc dlicmplsml cngoc; dc

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7>2

z ca`szgt dc za ctc a a c; c g`c t g p gt¶ g c s a z cpc dc d c p s cng c; dccvcizos trcl zlcpc zat `˅ķmtgtc c pczgrgt/ c pszrgzspc `˅ķtc dasg/ c tagtc trcl pl)isotgm- @aizaxltarll igl tlmcrl `g8 Sozls Uogd/ Dalmg Ratgrs/ Ugploc Pzgtgrcos/ ParlmUso`s/ Olgmg Gocvgmdrg/ Parlm Ocrcp`s gs eg`st dlm ctcraeamlc a tcicolc g zrazrlcl oar

isxl`l-

@flgr gbardgrcg zrazrls)xlpg g psrpcl trgdlt¶lamgoc g `gzgtgt a gd˅ķm`lic mc`smap)`stg àizaxltarloar ķ˅mglmtc- Gpteco/ àizaxltarso @armcols Dgm Ncarncp`s cptc ¶pl ct)maisxlàoan `s a `smag¶ptcrc eagrtc bsmg g daicmlsosl ¶pl a zcrpzc`tlug `sotsrgog rc)igr`gblog; co zrluc¶ptc gt˅ķt psrpg trgdlt¶lamgog `˅ķt ¶pl àizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog zrlm zrlpiggrfctlzsrloar- A`tgulgm Mcicp`s cptc zraiatar go smsl `srcmt isxl`go grfctlzgo; g`cptgc `gzgtso cuaost¶lcl smsl àizaxltar `s zramsmt¶gtg ķ˅mòlmgt¶lc àm`cztsgolptg-

Gzcoso og psrpg zazsogrg ulxcgxg g`si ignl`so; tamso g eapt dgt dc I|rlgi Igr)bc `s

’Rltsgoso zcmtrs pctcg zgiķ˅mtsosl‟; gl`l pc ķ˅m`cgr`g icoadlg olibll raig˅mc ¶pl

rltisrloc cl gm`cptrgoc- Tat ķ˅m gmll “5: Nfcarnfc @aptlmcp`s g trgtgt olibg raig˅mg `gablc`t pamar ķ˅m àrso

’Trc`st)gs gmll‟- @aizaxltarl trgmplougml `g Oluls Noadcgms/ Il)

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fgl Iaodaugm/ @armco T¶ grgms ulxcgxg ķ˅m isxl`g oar gdcpcg rltsgoso ignl`; ķ˅m smg dlmos`rgrloc pgoc/ T¶ grgms g `gstgt pg rcpsp`ltcxc `cug dlm ignlg osill t¶lngmloar- MlàogcBr˅ķmds¶p/ Lgm`s Dsiltrcp`s/ Gmg Igrlg Gurgi/ àizaxltarl dlm ncmcrgt¶ll dlecrltc gsķ˅m`cr`gt dc)g osmnso gmloar pg `rccxc a isxl`g tcosrl`g ¶pl ptcogrg/ zarmlmd dc og psrpctrgdlt¶lamgoc raig˅mc¶ptl-

Gzcoso og eaoòar g `gzgtgt g`si a gotg gizoagrc ldcgtl`g; p)g lult ldccg dc eao)

òar lignlmgr/ dc eaoòar zogmctgr pgs `flgr eaoòar àpil`- A `grtc dcpzrc Rguco g oslUogdlilr Hgmkcocult`f lmtrads`cg g`si gzragzc hsigtgtc dc ucg` mat¶lsmcg dc eaoòarlignlmgr/ sm eaoòar egrg `ltgtc ¶pl gdrcpg zrc`lpg ķ˅iblmķ˅md trgpgtsrl goc dlecrltcoar eaoòa)rsrl- L˅m isxl`g masg raig˅mcgp`g pl)gs ngplt càs pl smcoc ldcl goc osl Goglm Dgmlcoas;

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7>0

rsrl- Lm isxl`g masg raigmcgp`g ¶pl gs ngplt càs ¶pl smcoc ldcl goc osl Goglm Dgmlcoas;g`cptg gtrlbslc lmtcrugocoar dlm isxl`g trgdlt¶lamgog sm ctfap zaxltlu gtsm l `˅ķmd cocrczrcxlmtg rgzartsrl dc msicrc zrlic il`l; zstcrloc osl 2 ¶pl 0 psmt ògr zcr`cztlbloc/ cocpsmt gztc zcmtrs g cvzrlig osilmg/ bsmgtgtc ct`-; zstcrloc osl 3/>/77 gds` sm ctfap

tsobsrc &rgstgtc/ gmgrflc ct`-,- Zcmtrs Dgmlcoas plptcicoc lmdlgm/ `flmcx/ zltfgnarcl` ¶pltcizcrgt psmt plptcic ķ˅m`flpc/ egrg àisml`grc ķ˅mtrc coc- Gsrco Ptrac g grgtgt `g gzra)zlcrcg isxl`ll `sotc dc a psrpg trgdlt¶lamgog grc sm `grg`tcr gzravligtlu/ gpliztatl`;co g grigt drcztso àizaxltarsosl dc g eg`c pg àisml`c plptcicoc zc `grc Dgmlcoasoc àmpldcrg ctgm¶pc; cptc `ccg `c ¶pl)g zrazsp Ptrac ķ˅m trloanlg pg

’Arcptlg‟-

Uarblmd dcpzrc grfctlzgo/ ms zstci aàol ml`l sm got gpzc`t esmdgicmtgo go pamars)

osl8 griaml coc smsl psmct esmdgicmtgo-˅Lm il¶p`grcg rc`cmtg msiltg isxl`g pzc`trgogcptc lizol`gt ¶pl Fargt¶ls Rgdsocp`s; zrca`szgrl ķ˅m g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc zat ķ˅mt˅ķomltc ķ˅m

Raig˅mlg `s dasg dc`cmll ķ˅mglmtc/ a dgtg `s dcicrpso osl @armco @cxgr/ rlnagrcg trg)ugolsosl osl @golm Lag`flicp`s icrnc ķ˅mpg igl dczgrtc- &Msicoc smar àizaxltarl `gIlfgl Iltrcg @cogrlgms/ @aptlm Ilcrcgms/ Fargt¶ls Rgdsocp`s/ Os`lgm Ict¶lgms ms igl

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zstcgs `ltgtc ķ˅m Raig˅mlg ķ˅mglmtc dc 7<6<; gxl/ dlptlm`t¶lg dlmtrc `cl dc gegrg ‐ ea¶ptl

’trgdgtarl‟ ‐ ¶pl `cl dc g`gpg/

’gdcugrgt¶l‟ raig˅ml/ dlm ecrl`lrc zcmtrs Raig˅mlg/ g `gxst-,

Dlrc`t¶lg bamg``lgmg ‐ `grc/ ķ˅m dcmltlu/ grc ¶pl cg sm `grg`tcr grfctlzgo ‐ rczrc)xlmtg ķ˅m Raig˅mlg àmtlmsgrcg smcl trgdlt¶ll; smg dlm os`rgrloc `coc igl lizartgmtc zczogm iamdlgo dcpzrc pc`t¶lsmcg dc gsr ķ˅m grtg gzgrt¶lmc osl Igt|og Nf|kg- Og ķ˅m`czstsogmloar “5: ^lofcoi N- Bcrncr g lignlmgt pcrlloc osl icoadl`c `grc psmt cvzrcplg lmtcr)

ugol`g g ¶plrsosl bamg``lgm; ķ˅mtrcgng `rcgt¶lc g g`cptsl àizaxltar pc bgxcgxg zc g`cptcpcrll- Ceartso àizaxltarloar g eapt icrcs dc g ngpl rcocugmt¶g ¶pl cvzrcplultgtcg g`cptclzrazart¶ll/ cult˅ķmd trgmpearigrcg g`cptcl zrca`szgrl ķ˅mtr)sm igmlcrlpi igmlg`go- Sm`gx lmtcrcpgmt cptc g`cog go t˅ķmgrsosl Csncm Ilfgl Igrtam/ `grc/ zarmlmd dc og sm ig)

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7>4

n / / zmlcrlpi bamg``lgm/ g rcs¶plt pg)o dczg¶pcgp`g dlm lmtcrlar ķ˅m igl isotc os`rgrl; iagrtcgmcg¶ptcztgtg g ķ˅mtrcrszt sm dcicrp zrailt¶gtar-

L˅m daicmlso earicoar isxl`goc/ ķ˅m`g ķ˅m gmll “5: gs zstst àmptgtgtc a pcgigdc rcxsotgtc arlnlmgoc8 earicoc dc

’gr`gdc‟ goc osl Ptrac ¶pl/ igl t˅ķrxls/ ķ˅m`cr`grloc pgoc

dc iareancmcxg; dcpzrc trgmpogt¶lloc osl Aogf gi uarblt igl psp; dszg àizaxlt¶lloc `searigmt¶l/ Ml`socp`s g `rlptgolxgt ¶pl a earig isxl`gog zrazrlc8

’plm`ramlg‟8 cg àmptg

dlm plm`ramlxgrcg pgs &¶pl, dcplm`ramlxgrcg trcztgtg g smar ergnicmtc icoadl`c; psb)pcimgtso gi àizsp

’òczpldrc‟ &sm àmtlmssi

’ptrazlt‟ `s cecicrldc, ¶pl

’`rlbosrl‟

&pltc, àmpt˅ķmd dlm ķ˅izoctlrl dc bsòc- Dg`g ķ˅m gmll “5: tcmdlmt¶coc cvzcrlicmtgoc olil)tgs agrc`si psflso àizaxltarloar/ ķ˅m gmll “>: ¶pl “6: pc abpcrug dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl isottcmdlmt¶g pzrc os`rgrl igpluc-

Sm ugo dc plieamll ¶pl gotc os`rgrl gizoc gzgrc ķ˅m g`cpt dc`cmls ķ˅m `grc ulgt¶g isxl`gogdculmc tat igl zrc`grg- Ms msigl àizaxltarl `g Zgp`go Bcmtals/ Tfcadar Nrlnarls/Mlàogc Bcoals ¶p-g- dlm ncmcrgt¶lloc igl u˅ķrptml`c ķ˅¶pl ķ˅izolmcp` `rcgt¶lg ķ˅m g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc;

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ncmso `grc ķ˅m`g ms dcisot zgrcg uctspt lpzltc¶ptc ¶pl zc àizaxltarll tlmcrl; g¶p `ltg `gcvcizoc zc Gdrlgm Larnsocp`s `s plieamlloc ¶pl ùgrtctcoc pgoc dc àgrdc/ zc Iglg @labg)ms/ `s os`rgrl plieaml`c ¶pl ua`go)plieaml`c/ P¶crbgm Ml`flear `s `lm`l plieamll- Sm t˅ķmgr`g Oluls Dgm`cgms ¶pl)g egsrlt sm gtcolcr dc `rcgt¶lc zrlm ķ˅mlmt¶grcg gmpgibososl ptgblo

’Gr`fgcsp‟; ķ˅m àmdlt¶lsmloc gmloar “6: g`cgptg g eapt a zcrearigmt¶g- Got¶l àizaxltarl

tlmcrl gs zoc`gt pg os`rcxc ķ˅m ptrglmgtgtc; ķ˅m Ncrigmlg p)gs grigt ķ˅m iad rcigr`gblo

Ulaoctg Dlmcp`s ¶pl Gdrlgmg F¦aopk|- Dlm ncmcrgt¶lg eagrtc t˅ķmgrg p)g zraogt Dgm Dcdls/gstar g msicragpc os`rgrl-

G`cgptg g eapt dcp`rlcrcg psigrg g smcl il¶p`grl isxl`goc ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz gizog ¶plàcrcmtg/ ķ˅m plm`ramlc `rcgtagrc `s grtg smlucrpgog ¶pl lrgdllmd ķ˅m gegrg t¶grll/ a il¶p`grc

l o˖ b t˖ ˅ ld l l o ˖ l l o

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7>3

isxl`gog bangtg ķ˅m ldcl ¶pl os`rgrl isxl`goc-Gi ķ˅m`cr`gt pg rcdgi tcmdlmt¶coc zrlm`lzgoc- Dcplnsr/ il¶p`grcg dc ldcl ms ķ˅moa`slc¶ptc

ķ˅m ml`l sm eco zrads`t¶lg isxl`gog; ldcloc ķ˅m grtg psmt ugogbloc msigl ķ˅m igpsrg ķ˅m `grc pc

ķ˅màrzarcgxg ķ˅m os`rgrl dc ugoagrc/ ķ˅m grtg ulc- @aizaxltarll ms zat ògpl`gt¶l dszg`srcmtcoc dc ldcl/ sm grtlpt `˅ķt dc `˅ķt igl lizartgmt ms zagtc pg ķ˅m`gzg ķ˅mtr)sm `srcmt-Dc goteco/ `srcmtcoc ms psmt mcgzgrgt gmtgnaml`c; zat¶l &dc cvcizos, ķ˅mòlmgt `gtrcgrfctlzgo/ eaoaplmd ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz ¶plrso osl Elbamg``l- Sm àizaxltar ms trcbslc pg cmcgzgrgt tcarctl`lgm; ldcloc smsl grtlpt zat tat gt˅ķt dc dczgrtc dc zrg`tl`g pg/ `˅ķt ¶plersispct¶cg xl`g g smsl ai dc mgtsrg pg pzlrltsgog-

G`cgptg ms cptc a zgmargig g àizaxlt¶lcl isxl`goc ķ˅m Raig˅mlg sotlicoar dc`cmll;

ml p)g zgrst tats¶pl `g trc`crcg ķ˅m rculptg g ldcloar cptc igl ulc ¶pl igl dlmgil`g dc`˅ķt aògpl`grc g grtl¶ptloar dszg a tlzaoanlc agrc`grc/ dszg `rltcrlso trgdlt¶lc)lmaugt¶lc/ dszgu˅ķrptc pgs arl`c got `rltcrls rcds`t¶lamlpt ¶pl plizol`gtar-

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I\RLGI IGRBC

@cug ķ˅mtrc zartrct àizamlptl` ¶pl zrcxcmtgrcg smar

os`rgrl

Dlp`st¶lloc dcpzrc ecicl àizaxltagrc lmòsd gdcpcg a agrc`grc msgmt¶g dc lmdsoncmt¶g

dc ncmso8 ’`g eciclc/ c eagrtc bsm àizaxltar‟- Pc cvzrlig sm eco dc ķ˅mngdslmt¶g `g¶pl gtsm`l `˅ķmd pc uarbc¶ptc dcpzrc p`rlltarll fsiarl¶ptl/ dcpzrc àizaxltarll dc S)Isplk/dcpzrc dcpcmgtarll dc `grl`gtsrl ¶p-g-i-d- L˅m xlococ magptrc ms igl cptc `gxso pg uarbliàmdcp`cmdcmt dcpzrc ecicloc àizaxltagrc ¶pl I|rlgi Igrbc cptc smso dlm `coc igl

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7>5

bsmc cvcizoc ķ˅m g`cpt pcmp; cg cptc sm àizaxltar ķ˅m tagtg zstcrcg `su˅ķmtsosl- Og cg pczagtc uarbl dcpzrc ecilmltgtc ms `g sm rgbgt og `gzltaoso iglcptrlc ¶pl earig isxl`gog/`l og àmt¶lmstso isxl`ll/ og ecoso g`cptclg dc g -

Egztso `g arngmlxgt¶ll ¶pl lmptltstc `g’

Ergs smd Isplk‟/’

L-O-^-@-‟ pgs’

Kaizamlp)tlmcm Ncptcrm)Fcstc‟ ghstg og lizsmcrcg msicosl ¶pl azcrcl cl/ cptc sm egzt eagrtc bsm¶pl ms àmtrgxl`c `coc pzspc igl psp- L˅m dcmltlu arl`c àizaxltar pc lizsmc ķ˅m gmsiltcķ˅izrchsrgrl8 co zagtc igl ķ˅mt˅ķl lmtcrzrct/ zagtc zrcilgt og sm àm`srp/ zagtc

’dc gugmngrdg‟/ zagtc osztgtar pa`lgo/ zagtc pspt¶lmst dc sm ic`cmg/ zagtc lc¶pl

ķ˅m gmsiltc ķ˅izrchsrgrl zaoltl`c/ zagtc pspt¶lmst ķ˅m t¶grg osl pgs dc’

ecptlugoso pgs‟-Tagtc g`cptcg psmt ¶pl rc¶ptl ¶pl bsmc/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd àizaxltarll ghstgt¶l gs psbptgmt¶g ¶plugoagrc- L˅m dcmltlu/ g`cptg c msigl sm ķ˅m`czst- L˅màoa/ srig gocnc--- L˅m zaptcrltgtcàizaxltarll pc dcp`sr`g ¶pl plmnsrl-

L˅m `gxso osl I|rlgi Igrbc/ a dgtg `s `rcgt¶lg cl/ pc dcp`fldc a zartlt¶g ¶pl `gtrc`sotsrg isxl`gog raig˅mcgp`g/ dlm zg`gtc zrcg zst¶lm `smap`stg ķ˅m Ncrigmlg; I|rlgi

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Igrbc cptc a ptrgos`ltg cvzamcmtg g isxl`ll àmtcizargmc raig˅mc¶ptl-

L˅m g`cgptg dlm srig gpcrt¶lsmc ms trcbslc ugxstg gzgrtcmcmt¶g og a ¶pàgog dc ài)zaxlt¶lc `s zrlm lzll rlnldc ptgtsgtc ķ˅m ardlmcg cptctl`g/ `l sm ecmaicm àizocv/ mstatdcgsmg s¶par dc dcmlt ¶pl dc pcplxgt/ dgr dc g`ccg `s gt˅ķt igl lmtcrcpgmt/ lmdsm ecmaicm dc gd˅ķm`lic- L˅mglmtc dc tagtc/ g`cgptg cptc a il¶p`grc csrazcgmg/ ocngtgdc ķ˅mtrcgng trgdlt¶lc isxl`gog g uc`flsosl àmtlmcmt; `˅ķmd pzsmci ķ˅mtrcgng trgdlt ¶lc /

guci ķ˅m ucdcrc `cug igl ogrn dc`˅ķt pcàoso VLV ¶pl `flgr pcàoso VV- Cvlptg gl`l arcigr`gblog zstcrc dc lmtcnrgrc isxl`go)`sotsrgog- G`cgptg trgdlt¶lc àizamlptl`g geapt arngml` ķ˅mps¶pltg dc àizaxltagrc ķ˅m`g ķ˅m gmll s`cml`lcl ¶pl rcucdcrcg cl `rltl`g g`szrlmp sm bgngh isxl`go zc `grc grtlptg o)g rcàmptrslt `rcgtar- Zc g`cptc rgdg`lml

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7>>

p)gs nrcegt isxl`loc trgdlt¶lamgoc goc Raig˅mlcl8 eaoòarso &`s zrcdloc`t¶lc grfgl`,/ isxl`gblxgmtlmg

’dc ptrgmg‟/ lmptrsicmtso zazsogr/ mgtsrg raig˅mcgp`g; a dgtg `s g`cptcg/

sm tcizcrgicmt ¶pl a gmsic ulxlsmc raig˅mcgp`g gpszrg osill-

L˅m zcrlagdg dc g`sisogrc g ua`gbsogrsosl zrazrls/ grtlptg g eapt igr`gtg dc maso iadgolpi / `grc g gzgrst og pe˅ķr¶pltso gmloar “3: `g a zrlig azt¶lsmc g ncmcrgt¶lcl dlm `grcI|rlgi Igrbc eg`c zgrtc; cg g eapt ¶pl ncmcrgt¶lg dc gugmngrdg/ dc dcògm¶pgrc igplug giadcrmltgt¶ll isxl`goc ķ˅m Raig˅mlg- Zcmtrs iaicmt/ p)g ugxst ķ˅mpg msigl gpzc`tso dc¶pa` go g`cptsl ecmaicm grtlptl`/ `ccg `c zgrcg smarg gmtltrgdlt¶lamgo ¶pl grtl`lgo; igml)zsogrcg p`grloar isxl`goc zrlm eaoaplrcg psncptlloar smar Icpplgcm ¶pl cbcrm/ zcmtrs g

ms uarbl dc Cmcp`s ¶pl Bgrtak/ g eapt zrlultg dc isotg osic `g sm trgucptl dadc`geaml`¶pl pcrlgo/ `s gtķ˅t igl isot `s `˅ķt/ ķ˅m cza`g/ g`cptc dlm srig tcfml l crgs zrlultc mcngtlupgs `flgr lmtcrxlpc dc `gtrc ldcaoanlg a`lgog; ķ˅m rcgoltgtc/ g`cptg crg sm `srcmt mas/gzgrtc/ `grc a dgtg `s gplilogrcg iadcrmlpisosl gmloar “3: ķ˅¶pl dlptlog a iadgoltgtcisxl`gog zrazrlc-

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Dszg g`cg zrlig zcrlagdg dc gdsmgrc g psrpcoar ¶pl dc cvcrpgrc g smar zra`cdcc dcnrgigtl`g iadgog iadcrmg/ g srigt a gotg/ dc àmptltslrc g smcl pcilanrgl zrazrll/sm gmpgibos dc pcimc gzt g vg flsvso n˅ķmdsosl isxl`go- G`cgptg pcilanrgc c ocngtgdc matgt¶lg

’gocgtarlc‟ ¶pl g eapt mc`cpgrg zcmtrs `g gstagrcg srigrcg a olbcrtgtc g

dlp`srpsosl isxl`go; cg gec`tcgxg a agrc`grc’

mcnolhcmt¶g‟ dc pszrgegt¶g/ sm’

gbgmdam‟go tlizsosl isxl`go/ cult˅ķmd uaosmtgr arl`c g`gdcilpi pgs mcaògpl`lpi- Gl`l psmt ķ˅mpg

mc`cpgrc smcoc zrc`lxgrl `grc t¶lm dc àmt¶lmstso isxl`ll/ dc `sotsrg isxl`gog ¶pl dc zraosozrazrls go gstagrcl; psmt `fcptlsml dc gdķ˅m`lic/ dc àmptltslrc g zcrpamgoltgt¶ll ¶pl ms gsmlil` àism `s ocmcg pgs àiadltgtcg/ lizol`gtc smcarl dc matgt¶lg isxl`gog gocgtarl`gķ˅m isxl`g `cocl dc g dasg hsigtgt¶l g pcàososl VV-

˅

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7>6

L˅m isxl`g trgdlt¶lamgog &zazsogrg, raig˅mcgp`g zgrtcg dc zgrogmda rsbgta grc a igrczamdcrc ¶pl t¶lmc dc isotlzoc gpzc`tc goc psflctsosl raig˅mcp`; zrcxcmt ķ˅m bgogdg ¶pl dalmg&

’

`˅ķmtc`so osmn‟,/ g`cpt zgrogmda rsbgta rc`ltgtlul` cvzrlig ogtsrg àmtcizogtlug g

raig˅msosl `grc pc zagtc msgmt¶g dc og àmtcizogrcg zgplug z˅ķmg og zgtctl`so ucfcicmt/dc og

’dar‟ &Pcfmps`ft, ¶pl z˅ķmg og bocptci- P)gr zstcg pzsmc `g ķ˅m g`cgptg tlzaoanlc

ulxlsmcg zrlicgxg ķ˅m egt¶g g`t ¶lsmll - L˅m `rcgt¶lg osl Ncarnc Cmcp`s g`cgptg trgpgtsrgcptc zstcrml` cvzrligtg- Cmcp`s gr icrltg pg c igl blmc `smap`st ķ˅m Ncrigmlg; ogrgpz˅ķmtlc dc ucg`srl/ co g eapt sm lmdczcmdcmt/ sm lxaogt/ sm

’egrg dc zgrtld‟ dc ķ˅mgotg

ugoagrc; zrlm co gs trc`st tcmdlmt¶c grtlptl`c eagrtc pciml`gtluc; \cfsdl Icmsflm ggust a lmtslt¶lc zrciamltarlc gtsm`l `˅ķmd/ ķ˅m gmll “5:/ g `ķ˅mtgt Pamgtg g LLL)g zc sm dlp`

lmtltsogt ’A``ldcmt icctp Arlcmt‟-

Cmcp`s g lmflscmt¶gt ķ˅m gd˅ķm`lic zc I|rlgi Igrbc- L˅mtrc gotcoc cptc cmcp`lgm ogIgrbc `grg`tcrso cua`gtlu go isxl`ll; grtlptso gzcocgxg og iciarlc ķ˅m ecoso zrasptlgm;co

’zrlmdc sm r‟ go trc`stsosl ¶pl gzal/ zgr`g ķ˅mat˅ķmd ķ˅m flsvso olbcr go iciarlcl/ zsmc

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ardlmc ķ˅m gilmtlrl- @g ¶pl og Cmcp`s/ `g ¶pl og Zraspt/ gplptgi og ceartso dc ķ˅iblmgrc gpzlrltsosl ògpl` `s ergnloltgtcg igtcrlcl lizrcplamlptc- Lgtg dc `c Igrbc/ grtlpt go `cocldc g dasg hsigtgt¶l g pcàososl VV/ g eg`st sm ceart pzc`lgo zcmtrs g ngpl sm dlp`srpisxl`go zrazrls/ ocngt dc a pcilanrgc iadcrmg `c zratg dc lmaugt¶lloc urcill magptrc-

G`cptg cptc sm dcicrp cpcmt¶lgo/ dc gd˅ķm`lic; co grc oa` zc eamdso g`flxlt¶lloar ògpl`cdlm zcrlagdg gmtcrlagrg; ķ˅m g`cpt dlp`srp olbcr/ smcarl gzgrcmt fls/ gstagrcg àmtlmsg

pg eaoapcgp`g psucrgm ocnloc dcxuaotgrll isxl`goc/ goc àmtrgptsosl ¶pl ugrlgt¶lsmll/ goczrazart¶lamgrll isxl`goc ķ˅m tliz-

Pc abpcrug/ dc gpcicmcg/ og Igrbc zrcxcmt¶g `grg`tcrsosl lmua`gtarls go isxl`ll/ocngt dc lm`gmtgt¶lc/ dc rltsgo/ dc ignl`- Smcarl gstagrcg ķ˅¶pl ķ˅m`czc os`rgrcg `s sm plmnsr

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7><

psmct ķ˅mdcosmn `gstgt/ t¶lmst ¶pl àmptrslt; cg lmptltslc sm psmct)ncmcxg ķ˅m lmtcrlarso`grslg pg pc gp`smdg a osic `c ug dcxugosltg ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc- C gl`l ¶pl dl`sotgtcgdc g ķ˅m`czc a zlcpg ¶pl mc`cpltgtcg dc

’

ķ˅m`goxlrc ¶pl `gstgrc‟ `grc pc abpcrug og ¶pgigml/

ķ˅m rfgng lmdlgmg ¶pl ķ˅m gtķ˅tcg isxl`l trgdlt¶lamgoc- Urcgs zrlm tagtc g`cptcg pg grgt`grg`tcrso arngml` go dlp`srpsosl isxl`go og Igrbc/ bgxgt zc g`cgptg

’lizraulxgt¶lc

blmc ptgzķ˅mltg‟ &’

~afobcfcrrp`ftc Lizraulpgtlam‟,-

Zcrlagdg dczolmcl igtsrltgt¶l g àizaxltagrcl cptc ocngtg dc dcicrpso tlibrgo - Is)xl`g osl Igrbc g eapt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg àoargtg/ dgr ptgzķ˅mlrcg dczolmg g tlibrsrloar/ iglgocp tlibrgrcg gmpgibosrloar dc ua`l ¶pl lmptrsicmtc g eapt abt¶lmstg og igtsrltgtc- L pc

zagtc ķ˅m`rcdlmt¶g g`si grtlptcl arl`c gmpgibos dc lmptrsicmtc ¶pl &pgs, ua`l; cg zapcdggrtg plnsrg dc g’

ia¶pl‟ g`cpt gmpgibos; Igrbc ug gdgztg zrazrlso cl ptlo/ dlp`srpsopgs/ ptloso pgs griamlà)icoadl` og zgrtl`sogrltgt¶loc arl`grsl gmpgibos dgt- Cg ug ear)

hg dlm gmpgibos sm plmnsr lmptrsicmt àizocv/ zaoltlibrgo- G`cgptg cptc ¶pl zcrlagdgos`rgrloar cl `s gmpgibosrl igrl8

’@am`crtso zcmtrs pgvaeam‟/ Plieamlg

’Sr)Grlgdmg‟/

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’Rcwslciso‟-

Tat g`si cptc abt¶lmst sm mas c`flolbrs ķ˅mtrc rsbgta ¶pl nlspta- @g ¶pl got¶l àizaxltarlraig˅ml/ Igrbc g àizsp igl gocp isxl`g ocmtg/ rsbgta; zsopgt¶lg ķ˅m goocnra crg `g almpsog ķ˅m rc`ltgtluso ocmt zrc`sizgmltar- G`si zsopgt¶lg `˅ķ¶ptlng tcrcm ķ˅m `gdrso mallp`rlltsrl; ķ˅m g`cgptg egxg os`rgrloc cl zgr pg pc gstaàizcmpcxc/ àmt¶lmķ˅md cocicmtcocdc àmtrgpt rsbgta)nlspta `grc dgs lizrcplg smltgt¶ll ķ˅m ugrlctgtc-

(

Isxl`loc `˅ķmtgtc gxl gzgrt¶lm zcrlagdcl dc igtsrltgtc dczolmg g àizaxltagrcl/ g¶pgķ˅m`˅ķt `ramaoanlg ms zrcg igl àmtcgxg- @cg igl uc`fc dlmtrc zlcpc cptc àizspg ķ˅m

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76:

n z z zilhoa`so gmloar “>:- L˅m tagtc zlcpcoc zranrgigtc pc zagtc blmc rc`smag¶ptc zrabocigtl`gigl psp cvzspg-

’Ocp alpcgsv grtl`lcop‟ &7<><,- @aizspg og pe˅ķr¶pltso dc`cmlsosl 6- Gstagrcg àmpl)dcrg g`cgptg zlcpg sm eco dc tcptgicmt go gmloar “>:- Pc ugd ķ˅m g`cgptg os`rgrc egric`coc¶pl dl`sotgt¶loc grtlptsosl; cptc pciml`gtlu egztso `g os`rgrcg cptc zogpgtg og ķ˅m`czstsoàm`crtsosl- @g ¶pl sm raigm`lcr pgs sm gstar dc oic/ cg urcg pg gds`g ķ˅m azcrg dlecrl)tc psrpc &smcarl gmc`datl`c, dlm ulgt¶g- Tltoso os`rgrll o)g dgt Dctoce Naha~| &

’zgpgrloc

grtl`lgoc‟ pc gflg ķ˅m dlesxagrcoc rgdlasosl pgs/ lgr zlpl`g osl `gstg xgdgrml` pg oc `gz)tsrcxc,- Os`rgrcg grc a àmptrs`t¶lc ògrg/ dgr gzgr zc zgr`srpso cl g`coc lmesxll goc

iciarlcl og `grc i)gi rcecrlt igl psp8 il`l tcic isxl`goc ’`g ķ˅m bgpi‟/ sm `rķ˅izcldlmtr)sm tgmna go àizaxltarsosl Mgxgrctf/ a tcig zrazrlc g gstagrcl/ zc `grc a zagrtg`s plmc dlm tlmcrct¶c zcmtrs g)l ngpl sm àot¶l¶par gblg ķ˅m g`cgptg os`rgrc- Gzal/ dl`so)tgtcg dc g ķ˅m`czc zlcpg; pat¶so gstagrcl g pzsp8

’cvlptg isotc zlcpc mctcrilmgtc/ dgr

g`cgptg cptc zrabgblo smg dlm zst¶lmcoc `grc ms gs ķ˅m`czst‟-

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Psmctcoc osmnl gs sm rao zrlulocnlgt ķ˅m g`cgptg isxl`g ¶pl gstagrcg grc a nrlhg pzc`lgogzcmtrs cvzrcplultgtcg oar/ igl gocp `g fctcraeamlg eg`c `g smcoc dlm g`cptc psmctc pgķ˅mt˅ķomcgp`g smlpamso oar og lmptrsicmtcoc uc`lmc &

’glicx oc pam‟,-

Sm il` ergnicmt dlm’

Esrtsmg‟ osl Pfgkcpzcgrc ķ˅mpat¶c¶ptc zlcpg ¶pl cptc lmtcnrgt ķ˅mos`rgrc- @sulmtcoc osl ^loo8

’gmd pct ic ercc‟ gs trcxlt pspzl`lsml ¶pl gs ķ˅mtgrķ˅tgt zc

`cmxarll bs`src¶ptcml gl urcill-

’Dlgzcmtc‟ zcmtrs 3 ulaoam`coc &7<<:, cptc sm cvcizos zcmtrs ecoso `si àiza)xltagrcg ķ˅¶pl gdgztcgxg lmpzlrgt¶lg ¶pl p`rlltsrg og earigt¶ll dgtc- Os`rgrcg tc eg`c pg slt¶ldc arl`c

’ar`fcptrgt¶lc‟ pgs

’trgmpzsmcrc‟ zcmtrs `lm`l lmptrsicmtc; cg cptc tsrmgt˖ g zc

g`cgptg earigt¶lc/ cptc àmncmltgog cl-

@ o l l o l l ˅ ˅ o˖ l e˖ ˅ d l @

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@coc zgtrs pc`t¶lsml goc zlcpcl psmt ptr˅ķmp ķ˅mogmt¶sltc/ eg`˅ķmd sm plmnsr àrz- @ggzragzc ķ˅mtatdcgsmg/ ķ˅m`czstso cptc a ķ˅m`goxlrc/ a ncmcxg/ a lmua`grc zrlmtr)sm psmctosmn)zrcosmn/ `grc gzgrc `g

’

ķ˅mucol¶p‟ dlm `grc pc dcpzrlmdc zlcpg- Psmctso g`cptg cptc

uls/ trglt/ ’˅ķibrg`gt‟ dc `gtrc earigt¶lg `coar `lm`l ulaoam`coc-G dasg pc`t¶lsmc àmpsig a cmcrnlc dchg g`sisogtg; gstagrcg grc nrlhg dc g cultg

arl`c’

mcaògpl lpi‟ go gotcrmgrloar dlmtrc rgr ¶pl rczcdc- Sm plmnsr gàrd àmptltslczgrgdlnig `cosl dc go trclocg pcnicmt8 `fargo zc sm plmnsr gàrd/ psbtlo rcnlptrgt- L˅mmc/ sotlig pc`t¶lsmc8 a icoadlc plizog dgr ms zogtg/ `s il`l g``ldcmtc zc zgr`srp;zlxxl`gtl nolppgmdl pc rcecrg zagtc og psncptlloc grtcl mcnrloar &`si pzsmc gstagrcg8

’tazcp` ķ˅m agog icg gmsiltc ilradcmll‟,-

’Og zgrgbaoc ds nrcmlcr‟ &L, zcmtrs sm plmnsr lmtcrzrct &`grc `˅ķmtg og zlgm/ òguc)

`lm ¶pl `cocptg, cptc `cg igl uc`fc dlmtrc zlcpcoc dlm zranrgi &7<>3,- L˅m `cmtrso gtcmt¶lclgstagrcl ptg psmctso `g gtgrc; cg ķ˅o ògpl`g tlibrgo dszg iadcoso aecrlt dc Zlcrrc P`fg)ccr- Psbtltosrloc ergnicmtcoar psmt pciml`gtluc8 7, L˅m `gstgrcg smsl rc / 2, Smlucrpso

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rc )srloar/ 0, Smlucrpso zlgmlppliloar/ 4, jG og rc`fcr`fc d“smc masucooc pamarltc/ 3, Sml)ucrpso òguc`lmsosl/ 5, jG og rc`fcr`fc d“sm `crtglm o|rlpic/ >, Oc nrcmlcr gsv pasucmlrp/6, jG og rc`fcr`fc ds rc zcrds/ <, Oc i|tfc dc o“ctcrmco rctasr-

Oc nrcmlcr gsv pasucmlrp8 ķ˅m zadso iciarlcl ptgs ¶pl rc )so zlcrdst ¶pl pamarltgtcgmasg ¶pl

’sm gmsilt olrlpi‟ ¶pl gotc dlucrpc smlucrpsrl- Gl`l c ¶pl iltso uc¶pml`cl ķ˅mtagr`crl/

ldccg tlizsosl `lòl` `grc l)g abpcdgt dc gt˅ķtcg arl zc lmtcoc`tsgoll raig˅ml dc og Ilr`cg

Colgdc ķ˅màg`c- Igtcrlg isxl`gog g àizaxlt¶lcl &rc)srloc/ rltisrloc, ms rgiķ˅mc msigl `gearig g àizaxlt¶lcl; cg dculmc ¶pl àmt¶lmstso cl/ ulgt¶g zcrpamgog g gstarsosl; plit¶li ķ˅misxl`g ¶pl ism`g gpszrg isxl`ll/ os`rso og àizaxlt¶lc/ zalctl`g cl- @s ilhoag`c zst¶lmc/Igrbc abt¶lmc ķ˅m

’Zgrgbaog zadsosl‟ a os`rgrc `s dcapcblrc psncptlug-

Traiicobgpp‟ &dlm 7<63, zarmcptc dc og sm trla dc àgrdc pl dc og ldccg g`cosl

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’Traiicobgpp &dlm 7<63, zarmc¶ptc dc og sm trla dc àgrdc ¶pl dc og ldccg g`cosl

bgp aptlmgt rltil` zc rczctlt¶lg smsl plmnsr psmct `grc p)g msilt ķ˅m isxl`g zrcògpl`g

’traiicobgpp‟-

@si p)g igl ķ˅mt˅ķizogt ¶pl `s gotc os`rgrl goc g`cptcl gstagrc/ àizaxlt¶lg grc ¶plsm rapt cvlptcmt¶lgo; cg cptc p`rlpg `s a igrc zgrtl`lzgrc mcruagpg-

’Traiicobgpp‟ pc

darc¶ptc sm cvar`lpi; zrc`si pctcg zgiķ˅mtsosl pszolg marll pg)¶pl ptagr`g gzg zcmtrs gsicxl nolg/ tat gpteco zlcpg dc egt¶g darc¶ptc pg cvar`lxcxc rgso dlm bagog smsl zrlctcm-

Rczctgrcg dsrcragpg ¶pl ķ˅m`gzgt¶˅ķmgtg g psmctsosl nrgu go ulaoam`cososl igl ķ˅mt˅ķlgizol`g g`cpt psmct/ lgr gzal/ `g a rcugrpgrc igolnmg/ ķ˅o gds`c ķ˅mtr)sm tai)tai zogpgtķ˅m pgog dc àm`crt/ ķ˅izlmnķ˅mds)o z˅ķmg og dlpzcrgrc- @amtrgzsm`tcoc og trla goc g`cptslpsmct psmt rc`ltgtluc/ `˅ķmd `g baobarapcol gicmlmt¶gtagrc goc smar `sulmtc ignl`c/ `˅ķmd`g zgpgrl `lsdgt zralc`tgtc zc `cr-

Dcxuaotgrcg zra`cpsosl isxl`go giblt¶lamcgxg ¶pl a ldcc iargog8’

dlc tlcec/ rsflncKrget ncmgs pa ptgrk ‐ ~cmm ml`ft ma`f pt¦grkcr/ ~lc P`frcl smd Kgize pclm kgmm‟-

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Cptc zrabgblo gl`l a ptrgtcnlc ecilmlmg/ a ldcc g dlzoaigt¶lcl &dlzoaigt¶lg lmd cg ķ˅mpg¶pldc ncm ecilmlm,/ g`ccg dc g ms ptrgzsmnc rgso/ `l dc g)o aàol ¶pl dc g)o ķ˅iboķ˅mxl-

’Oc tcizp rctrasuc‟ &dlm 7<62, ‐ a os`rgrc zc `grc psbpcimgtso gi gust zog`crcg dc

g a dlrlhg ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc ¶pl g a ķ˅mrcnlptrg zc dlp` ‐ cptc a dso`c cua`grc blxgmtlmg/ tlzlècilmlmg zrlm psgultgtc- Uc`fl ercp`c blpcrl`c¶ptl zgr pg rc˅ķmulc zc mcplit¶ltc dlm picrltgoar mcil¶p`grc/ zgr pg `gzctc a masg ulgt¶g- Ulaoctcoc psmt `g isrisrcoc iamgfloar/

boa`kfl¦atc trliltc og ua`cg ecilmlmg dc pazrgma pgs smcarl og mgl &flslcrso osl Zgm,/òguc`lmso ‐ dc¶pl a``ldcmtgo ‐ àmtrlbslc ¶pl co og rc`rcgrcg smsl arlcmt artadav- @r˅ķizclcgstcmtl`c dc `˅ķmtgrl uc`fl psmt rc`fcigtc icogmàol` og ulgt¶g/ zcmtrs g pc ķ˅mdrcztgtrcztgt `gtrc a cvsotgmt¶g mgog- Cua`grcg zgrc ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz zcrpamgo)psblc`tlug-dgr pl àoc`tlug C darlmtg dc g rcngpl sm tliz dso`c dc isot gzsp

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dgr ¶pl àoc`tlug- C darlmt¶g dc g rcngpl sm tliz dso`c dc isot gzsp-

’@am`crtso zcmtrs pgvaeam‟ &7<65, cptc ķ˅m egzt a plieamlc zcmtrs ar`fcptrg `s

paolpt- Gizoagrcg os`rgrll gtlmnc iamsicmtgoso/ ngig pcmtlicmtcoar pc dlucrpl`g/ lgr

àoarlptl`g tlibrgog gtlmnc a lmtcmpltgtc mcķ˅mtķ˅omltg igl ķ˅mglmtc ķ˅m os`rgrloc osl I|rlgiIgrbc- Pg rczrads`ci/ ķ˅mogmt¶slmds)oc/ `˅ķtcug lmdl`gt¶ll dc cvzrcplc zspc dc gstagrc ķ˅mzgrtltsrg ķ˅m olibg ergm`cxg8 dcbst gsv msgm`cp zosta˅t bglppccp/ iglp guc dczlt--- guc

smc ear`c ig˅ķtrlpcc--- cmàrc zosp ucfcicmt/ dgmp smc trlptcppc msgm`cc dc nratcpwsc---

flsldltc àmtlmsc--- nrcoattgmt--- tashasrp fgoctgmt--- `goicicmt ct`-

Smdcug/ ķ˅m pzgtcoc plieamlcl pc zagtc nfl`l sibrg tstcogrg g g`cosl’

Pg`rc dszrlmtcizp‟ gzgrst og ķ˅m`czstso pcàososl VV- Dgr àizaxlt¶lg osl Igrbc cptc zc dczolmlmdczcmdcmtg ¶pl dcoa` rspcgp`g- Cg cptc esm`lgricmtc raig˅mcgp`g- Pgvaeamlptso paolptcptc `g sm urghltar `grc zarsm`c¶ptc ar`fcptrcl zraecrķ˅md earisoc ignl`c- Dlm `˅ķmd ķ˅m`ķ˅md/ `ķ˅tc sm

’flgpf‟ dcògm¶pcgxg sm mas ugo ar`fcptrgo/ `g`l ar`fcptrg cuaoscgxg ķ˅m

ugosrl-

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Zgrtcg g LL)g cptc sm goocnra ķ˅m’

ptgrc dlrc`tg‟/ os`rs rgr &dszg `si gi igl grgtgt,ķ˅m isxl`g osl Igrbc- Ilhoag`coc dc àmptrs`t¶lc8 7, zrlm`lzlso dc

’traiicobgpp‟ `grc

gplnsrg zsopso ¶pl trczldgt¶lg/ 2, `grg`tcrso dc’

tgrgmtcoog‟/ g`cgptg crg dgmpso `coarķ˅mmcbsmlt¶l dc is¶p`gtsrg tgrgmtsocl/ dgr ¶pl dgmpso dc lxbgulrc g oar; gstagrcg gr urcg pgc a

’tgrgmtcog zcmtrs ulmdc`grcg mcbsmlcl g`cptcl osil‟; 0,

’ucrbgolxgrcg‟ pgvaeamlp)

tsosl zrlm earisoc wsgpl)uarbltc ˅ķm pgvaeam/ g`coc ecrtlolxgtagrc’

`rlp dc halc‟ pg`gdgtc8

’`rcgp`g nrķ˅mcoc/ `˅ķt zrghlmcoc‟/ ’zc tagtc drsisrloc‟ ct`-Zgrtcg g LLL)g cptc a `gdcmxg ¶pl ms zstcg dc`˅ķt--- sm zrcosmn rsbgta/ lmptgogt ķ˅migrc zgrtc zc a licmpg zcdgog dc rc / zrabgblo g`co rc zc `grc gstagrcg ķ˅o tat `gstgķ˅m

’Zgrgbaog zadsosl‟/

’og zgrgbaoc ds nrcmlcr‟; g`cgptg zcdgog c¶pgeadcgxg dlecrltc

’zlrgildc lmptrsicmtgoc‟/ zra`cdcs zc `grc àizaxltagrcg ķ˅o gnrccgxg-

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G`si earisococ icoadlà)ua`goc goc pgvaeamlptsosl’

àiic smc ualv dc egsppct‟lmua`g

’Zoalt¶g `srgtg‟ ¶pl gmsmt¶g rltsgoso

’eg`ci àog`l pg dgi og pgrg`l‟-

@am`crtso zcmtrs pgvaeam gzgrc `g a os`rgrc zcrec`t gsxltg8 griamlc ¶pl tlibrsar`fcptrgo eg` smg; tlizso isxl`go cptc àmpsigt zc mcrgpsflgtc; àizaxltagrcg o)gàizsp/ `si pzsmc/

’ķ˅mtr)a esng àmtrg `ramaictrsosl‟-

Tagtc os`rgrloc dc igtsrltgtc gs ķ˅m`g `cug àism8 sm `grg`tcr ncptsgo ¶pl `flgrtcgtrgo/ `grc oc dg sm zosp dc ulgt¶g; coc trcbslc gsxltc ķ˅m pgog/ gzragzc dc rgpsflgrcgulc g lmtcrzrct¶loar-

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PLIEAMLG G ULL)G P¶L @RCGT¶ LG OSL ZGP@GOBCMTALS 2>

Zgp`go Bcmtals g dgt rc`cmt Plieamlg g ULL)g zc `grc gi gust ¶pgmpg dc g a gp`sotg ķ˅mzrlig gsdlt¶lc og Tlil¶pagrg/ `˅ķmtgtg dc Ar`fcptrg plieaml`g

’Bgmgtso‟ cv`cocmt àmdspg

dc `gtrc Rcisp Ncarncp`s/ `co `grslg plieamlg ķ˅l cptc ķ˅m`flmgtg-

@c c gxl a plieamlc1 Lgtg a ķ˅mtrcbgrc og `grc rgpzsmpso g dcucmlt dl`lo dlm `gsxg`g lzaptgxcoc plieamlcl psmt gt˅ķt dc dlucrpc- Arl`si/ plieamlg ms igl zagtc dagrzrabg smcl iglcptrll g`gdcil`c; cg cptc igl isot a ķ˅m`cr`grc g cmcrnlcl plieaml c/a cvflbgrc g psflsosl `rcgtar/ a daugdg dc lignlmgt¶lc- Olbcrtgtcg dc `grc pc bs`srggstarso smcl plieamll dculmc gxl zrlm`lzgoso osl abptgào; gstarso trcbslc pg lmucmtcxc

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gstarso smcl plieamll dculmc gxl zrlm`lzgoso osl abptgào; gstarso trcbslc pg lmucmtcxcco ķ˅mps¶pl mc`cpltgtcg os`rgrll pgoc-

Og Zgp`go Bcmtals/ ecoso `si pc cvcr`ltg cmcrnlg plieaml`g zagtc sm bsm cvcizos

dc plieamlpi àmtcizargm- L˅m sotliso dc`cmls/ Bcmtals ms g igl àizsp dcoa` os`rgrl

’il`l‟; sotliso pgs `lòs dc olcdsrl cptc/ il pc zgrc/ gmtcrlar- Gs gzgrst psb zgmg osl

msigl plieamll ¶pl ùgrtctc dc àgrdc- Ncmso’

il`‟ cptc dc isotc arl rgpzsmpso og apzamtgmg ķ˅mt˅ķomlrc `s cvtcrlarso/ rad go lizrcplloar mcilhoa`ltc/ go àmtg`tsosl `s amasg earigt¶lsmc ua`gog pgs lmptrsicmtgog/ `cug `grc/ ķ˅mglmtc dc g lmtrg ķ˅m àmflscmt¶g`s lizsopsrl plilogrc ķ˅mtr)sm flsuls lizctsap/ rgiķ˅mc psb gizrcmtg rcg`t¶lcl zcrpamgocog a gmsiltg cv`ltgt¶lsmc- Bcmtals ms zgrc lpzltlt dc gpcicmcg gzcosrl- @si pzsmc co

ķ˅mps¶pl/ ms c aiso ’mgtsrll‟/ go zolibgrloar/ go pcmxarlgososl; co zralc`tcgxg dlm lmtcrlar/

’dlmpzrc plmc‟/ os`rgrloc pgoc- L˅m sotlill gml g`cptc zralc`tc gs `szrlmp dc c`grc dgtg

ms zgrt¶l dc os`rgrl ¶pl ms os`rgrl il`l/ `l igl isotc os`rgrl igrl dlmtr)a dgtg- Lgtg dc

2>-’

Rgisrl‟/ ecbrsgrlc 7<6>-

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cvcizos/ `coc 4 ùgrtctc dc àgrdc az- 2> àizspc ķ˅mtrc 7<6:‐7<62/ ķ˅m tatgo `gi a arg ¶pl hsigtgtc dc isxl`g/ dcdl`gtc ùgrtctsosl dc àgrdc

’Ua`cp‟ ¶pl/ rcpzc`tlu/ smar zrlctcml

gl àizaxltarsosl- L˅mtr)a p`srtg zrcegt¶g/ àizaxltarso grgtg `g c`grc dlmtrc g`cptcùgrtctc ptg psb pcimso smcl esm`t¶lsml zplfl`c zrlm`lzgoc8 zrliso psb pcimso pcmxgt¶lcl/go dalocg psb `co go pcmtlicmtsosl/ go trclocg psb `co go n˅ķmdlrll/ go zgtrsocg psb pcimsolmtslt¶lcl- Og gp`sotgrc/ `coc zgtrs ùgrtctc pc zcr`cz tats¶pl `g a igmlecptgrc isxl`gog

smltgrg/ `flgr aiancmg- Zrliso ùgrtct ms cptc igl zst¶lm n˅ķmdlt dc`ķ˅t ùgrtctso gotrclocg/ lgr `co dc go trclocg ms grc igl zst¶lm pcmtlicmt dc`ķ˅t go dalocg/ `co `grc ptg psbpcimso pcmtlicmtsosl- Gdcugrso cptc `g g`cptc gpzc`tc tcarctl`c ms psmt tcrilmgoso os`r˖ grll / coc ms rczrcxlmtg rcxsotgtso mgo/ `l zralc`tso/ lmtcmt¶lg lmlt¶lgog; gtsm`l `˅ķmduarbli dcpzrc

’pcmxgt¶lc‟ guci ķ˅m ucdcrc igl dcnrgbg ldccg dc pcmxgt¶lc; og eco/ ldccg

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dc pcmtlicmt/ ldccg dc n˅ķmdlrc- Zrlm g`cgptg/ ms pzsmci dcoa` `g pcmtlicmtso pgspcmxgt¶lg ms cvlptg ķ˅m g`cptc os`rgrl/ `l `g tagtc ogaogotg psmt psbardamgtc lizsopsosl

dc zarmlrc/ ualmt ¶cl lmlt¶lgoc/ `grc rczrcxlmtg sm eco dc ’bln bgmn‟ dc og `grc ķ˅m`czcraptanaolrcg ķ˅m cvlptcmt g os`rgrll-

G`cog¶pl os`rs pc zctrc`c ¶pl ķ˅m daicmlso plieamlcl- Gtsm`l `˅ķmd g ķ˅m`czst àizs)mcrcg Plieamlcl g UL)g/

’@soarl‟/ Bcmtals pc gflg icmtgo dszg

’Plieamlg g ULLL)g‟

`grc ug / zgrc)pc/ a plieamlc `s rgil`gt¶ll oltcrgrc- Cptc dc egzt/ zrabgblo/ sm eco goàizaxltarsosl dc g)¶pl zranrgig ulgt¶g ¶pl g`tlultgtcg/ zcmtrs dal pgs trcl gml ķ˅mglmtc-

’Plieamlg g ULL)g cptc psblmtltsogtg

’Uaosic‟- G`cptc p`soztsrgoc ¶pl `lmctl`c

’ua)

osic‟ psmt/ dc gpcicml’

zralc`t‟/ zsm`t dc zarmlrc/ lmtslt¶lc g smar boa`srl gàrdl`c`grc pc gzrazlc ¶pl pc ķ˅mdczgrtcgxg dc mal zrlm `rcp`cmdl ¶pl dlilmscmdl pgs `si cvzol`ggstarso8

’`g ml¶ptc `gpc dcgpszrg `grarg trc`ci gzrazllmds)mc ¶pl gzal ķ˅mdczgrt˅ķmds)mc/

dlm gulam‟- Dgr g`cptg cptc/ rczctgi/ dagr zsm`tso dc zarmlrc/ zsm`tso dc dcògm¶pgrc

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mc`cpgr gstarsosl- Isxl`g ms cptc rcgolxgrcg abpcplug ¶pl `siug cvfgsptlug g lmtslt¶lcl;Plieamlg cptc zsr ¶pl plizos a plieamlc / ķ˅m `grc zc gmsiltc pszrgect¶c &˅ķmdcapcbl ķ˅m zgr)tcg g LL)g g zrlicl zgrt¶l, pc plitc g`cgptg zrlig lmtcmt¶lc- L˅m rcpt/ cg c a àmtlmsgrc g`lòsosl plieaml` go osl Bcmtals/ àmdsp dc a iķ˅mg plnsrg ķ˅m cvtlmdcrcg dlp`srpsosl is)xl`go/ ķ˅m zsmcrcg ķ˅m zgnlmg g pamarltgt¶ll plieaml`c/ ķ˅mtatdcgsmg lizc`gblo àmptltsltg/rcpzampgblog og àtcoc smcl dcapcbltc cvlncmt¶c dc iglcptrlc-

Gsxlmd ķ˅m pgog os`rgrcg/ gi plit¶lt zrcplsmcg zstcrml`g g ualmt¶cl lmlt¶lgoc/ zarmlmd dcog ig`raptrs`tsrg `gtrc ptrs`tsrg il`g/ dc og zsm`tso lmlt¶lgo go g`t¶lsmll dc g àizsmc/àmpsiķ˅mds)pc ¶pl ķ˅m`goxlmds)pc zc drsi/ g hsmn˅ķmd ul`tarlap og zsm`tso mgo- Il`rap)trs`tsrg ķ˅¶pl lg dcplnsr mc`cpgrcoc zrc`gst¶lsml zcmtrs bsmg dcpeg¶psrgrc/ dc abl`cl ml¶ptcp`grl iadgoc mama`tgulgmtc ¶pl a gnanl`g ptr˅ķmpg/ dc mgtsrg ògpl`g- Il`raptrs`tsrg msl ˅ ˖ l d ˅ dl o l ˖ d e o d o ol

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76>

plitc ķ˅mpg mcualg dc g ķ˅m dlgoan `s ig`raptrs`tsrg; cvlptg/ `rcd/ sm eco dc zgrgocolpi/ķ˅m pcmpso dc mcstrgoltgtc g smsl zogm egt¶g dc `cogogot; c`grc ķ˅¶pl sricgxg drsiso pgs;

coc icrn ķ˅izrcsmg egrg g pc frgml pgs g pc ’˅ķmtgr˅ķtg‟ rc`lzra`- Igtcrlg cptc ptrsmltgdc lizsopso lmlt¶lgo; psmctcoc ulm pg ķ˅izolmcgp`g zralc`tso/ lgr lizsopso lmlt¶lgo ms zagtctrgl ķ˅m gegrg psmctcoar- Coc gs mcualc smso dc `cogogot ¶pl àmulct¶slcp` eagrtc blmc/ egrgdrgigtlpiso

’rcxlptcmt¶cl igtcrlgososl‟ ķ˅m ecoso `si pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog/ dc cvcizos/ og sm

@cxgmmc-Plieamlg ķ˅t¶l ogpg a lizrcplc ptcml`g- Cmcrnlg àizaxltarsosl tc paol`ltg egrg ķ˅m`ctgrc

¶pl tc ds`c `s cg- G`cgptg masg os`rgrc g osl Zgp`go Bcmtals cptc a mc`cpgr g zlcpg ķ˅m

gmpgiboso og `grc/ `s mclptaultg ¶pl gdilrgblog eart¶g/ àizaxltarso ptgrslc dc)g osmnsoķ˅mtrcnll pgoc ulct¶l-

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GRTLPTSO OG >: DC GML 26

Og >: dc gml/ P¶tcegm Ml`socp`s gzgrc `g a zcrpamgoltgtc ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz trgmpzgrcmtg¶pl cmlnigtl`g- Co pc cvzrlig ķ˅mtatdcgsmg ķ˅m ergxc `grc zgr pg pzsmg cvg`t `ccg `c gsdc pzsp; `sotlug ògrltgtcg ¶pl `rcd `g zagtc gpa`lgt `g trgmpzgrcmt¶g `s Tsdar Ulgms8msic¶ptc cvg`t os`rsrloc/ oc ngpc¶ptc cvzrcplg ķ˅mtr)sm eco `grc ms igl zagtc òlmtlt/

zatrluc¶ptc psmctcoc `g ¶pl `sulmtcoc ķ˅mtr)sm iad pszcrlar lizc`gblo- Mcualg pg dc ablc`)tlultgtc &˅ķm pcmpso iglarcp`lgm, cptc esmdgicmtgog- A gsrg g dlp`rct¶lcl/ a gigbloltgtccngo dlptrlbsltg ķ˅mugoslc ķ˅mtrcnso pgs àizartgicmt ķ˅mtr)sm eco gmtcbcol` &pgs daimcp`dg`g urct¶l,-

L˅m egzt/ ķ˅m gegrg dc `ccg `c pzsm/ isxl`loc ¶pl `sulmtcoc osl gp`smd a cmcrnlc ¶pl˅ o l l C l ˖ ˅ o l l o blo fl ˅ le

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766

ķ˅mt¶cocpsrl `grc pc t¶lm gp`smpc- Cvlptg ķ˅m coc sm ilcx lmpaosblo pgs `flgr a ķ˅m`lergrc`grc pc rcesxg àicmtgrll- Sm psmct/ sm `su˅ķmt/ a gosxlc ķ˅t¶l dgs dc ¶ptlrc `g coc zat

zrcosmnltc ķ˅m gotc ķ˅mt¶cocpsrl/ `g zat `fclc zcmtrs dcp`fldcrcg gotar ķ˅m`gzcrl-Tcizcrgicmtso osl Ml`socp`s ms ķ˅¶pl ķ˅mngdslc lxbs`mlrl gnrcpluc/ dgr coc psmt `s gt˅ķtigl ucfcicmtc gtsm`l `˅ķmd rgxbgt og osilmg xlocl- Gpzlrgt¶lg pzrc zocmltsdlmc `grc pczstcg nfl`l og co dlmtatdcgsmg/ g gust dc ptrgbgtst isotc trcztc zcmtrs g pc zstcgķ˅izolml-

P¶l dg`g ‐ dc goteco `g ¶pl got¶l àocnl dc ncmcrgt¶lc ‐ Ml`socp`s pc zrcxlmtg gptgxl `gsm pzlrlt `s tlmcrcgp`g dcp`fldcrc cptctl`g/ mcgrcptgt dc sm `srcmt pgs a igmlcrg/ co

g gust dc zgr`srp ctgzc psrzrlmxgtagrc8 dszg a zrlig tlmcrct¶c mcaògpl`g/ zcrlagdgpcrlgog; gzal ķ˅mòc¶ptgtg isxl`g g’

Ctcraiarcl‟ ¶pl’

Earigmt¶loar‟- Ctcraeamlloc ķ˅m `grcsmlpagmcoc gotcrmgs `s dcotc drgigtl`c gs otrgt trcztgt a osilmagpg dlgtamlc- Zc

26- 72 malcibrlc 7<<>-

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g`cgptg igtsrg/ ķ˅mdcosmn zrcngtltg igtcrlc isxl`gog ¶pl)g lmpsflgt grtlptso pzlrltso pgsrcolnlap8 co pc cvzrlig `s a cvsotgrc liml`g `c zgrcg pg pc ķ˅mdrcztc `gtrc bcgtltsdlmc-

P¶l lgtg `g dszg 7<6</ dszg’

lc¶plrcg dlm `gtgàibc‟/ zrlm igl isotc os`rgrl/’

Dclplp‟ķ˅mdcapcbl/ &Plieamlg g U)g a uai `smag¶ptc gblg ķ˅m pcgrg g`cgptg,/ isxl`g osl Ml`socp`sgds`c sm mcg¶ptcztgt mas drgigtlpi8 go pszol`gt¶lcl/ go rsng`lsmll ķ˅m pszol`ls-

C`flolbrso g`cptg zc `grc l)o ¶ptli/ `˅ķt dc nrcs o)g abt¶lmst' @˅ķt dc nrcs ķ˅o icmt¶lmc'

Pg)l srgi ps``cp zc g`cpt drsi ¶pl pg)l g¶ptcztgi ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc azcrcoc-

LCDSO 2<

G d ˖ d ll l l bl o d ltl l l lt t l tl l

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76<

G`si dasg dc`cmll ¶pl igl blmc ògpg icg dc àizaxlt¶lc zrlicg ulxltgtarl tlmcrl/gdcpcg ptsdcmt¶l og Eg`sotgtcg dc lmptrsicmtc/ `s lmtcrcpc `sotsrgoc ¶pl isxl`goc cvtlmpc-

Zrlmtrc cl/ abal¶ptll Rgds @fl¶ps ¶pl Sozls Uogd pc dlptlmncgs ķ˅m iad dcapcblt-˅Lm tliz `cRgds @fl¶ps/ `s isotlzococ pgoc dcp`fldcrl `gtrc dlrlhgt/ àizaxlt¶lc/ zlgm/ ms p)g ogpgt

lpzltlt dcmltlu dc àizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog/ Sozls Uogd p)g fatgr˅ķt rczcdc8 g ogpgt tatso oga zgrtc ¶pl g ķ˅m`czst pg ptsdlcxc pcrlap àizaxlt¶lg- Pzcrlgt/ tgtgo pgs/ amargbloso daimNcarnc Uogd/ il)g p`rlp ¶pl g ucmlt gzal pzc`lgo og Bs`src¶ptl `g pg ig ķ˅mtrcbc dg`gpc icrltg- Cs l)gi pzsp `g ptsdlso abalsosl cptc àizgtlblo `s g`cog go àizaxlt¶lclisxl`goc; `˅ķt dcpzrc Sozls/ gi eapt plnsr dc og ķ˅m`czst `g cptc gzt zcmtrs àizaxlt¶lc-

Zcmtrs Sozls Uogd gbgmdamgrcg lmptrsicmtsosl g eapt a azt¶lsmc dcmltlug ¶pl gķ˅mpcimgt àm`cmtrgrcg zc ulgt¶g gpszrg àizaxlt¶lcl isxl`goc-

T˅ķmgrso Sozls Uogd crg a lmt¶g `rsdg `g sm lcd- A`fll s¶par cvaetgoil`l ķ˅l grdcgs

2<- 73 a`taibrlc 7<<>-

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&`flzso osl ķ˅il gilmtcg smcarl zc g`cog go osl Bgrtak,; ra¶pcg og `cg igl s¶pagrg paol`ltgrcciatlug-

Tlildltgtcg osl crg mcrcgp`g; isot tliz ms g ķ˅mdrgxmlt pg)¶pl gsdg os`rgrloc ml`l ogrczctlt¶ll; `ķ˅t¶lug gml ms g zstst ucml og àm`crtcoc smdc l pc `˅ķmtg `ķ˅tc a os`rgrc; gzal gķ˅m`czst pg ulmg/ dgr ms pc ķ˅megt¶l¶pg zsbol`sosl; `˅ķmd ķ˅m mc g ngplt zstcrcg dc g pc rldl`gķ˅m zl`lagrc/ og gzogsxc/ crg ra¶ps `g rg`so-

Bo˅ķmdct¶cg osl crg gbpaostg; ms pc zstcg fatgr˅ķ pg ptrlucgp`g a isp`g8 ngxdslt zcmtrsa magztc ķ˅mtr)a `gpg ķ˅m `grc pc il¶p`gs lmpc`tc/ g gzrlmp bc`so coc`trl` ¶pl g zctrc`sttlizso ķ˅m zl`lagrc zc sm p`gsm-

Tlmcrct¶cg osl g eapt icogmàol`g/ b˅ķmtsltg dc ptgrl gzgpgtagrc; ngpcg a s¶psrgrczolib˅ķmds)pc zrlm zgr`srl pgs `liltlrc- Gl pzsp `g g`cpt ai dc ismtc mgp`st og

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7<:

Xgrmc¶ptl ptg psb xadlg osl Cilmcp`s ¶pl Bgàulg-

L˅m rcgoltgtc/ zrlig mgtsrg crg dsbogtg dc a `gzg`ltgtc dc c`flolbrs `grc msigl

trcztgt g lc¶plt og osilmg- Og ķ˅m`czst/ g`cgptg pc ucdcg ķ˅m zstlmt¶g dc g osg dc`lxll- L˅màzlogrlc/ zc og u˅ķrptg dc 7: gml/ g zoc`gt plmnsr zc ismtc zcmtrs `˅ķtcug xloc/ egrg g)lgmsmt¶g zc `cl dc g`gpg- Og igtsrltgtc p)g ugdlt og co sm pzlrlt napzadgrcp` trgmplougm¶pl lmncmlaxltgtcg ngplrll smar paost¶ll ķ˅m pltsgt¶ll dl`loc &paost¶ll zcmtrs `grc osztg ¶pl zc`grc oc zsmcg ķ˅m zrg`tl`g,- @flgr ¶pl a gmsiltg lptct¶lic/ dc ilrgrc og sm ai `grc ra¶pc¶ptcgt˅ķt dc s¶par; og a igtcrlc gmaptg smdc tagtg ptsdcmt¶licg àzlg og os`rgrcg dc àmtrao/Sozls Uogd g eapt plmnsrso ptsdcmt psrzrlmp dc zraecpar ķ˅m cvcr`lt¶lso g`cptg lmdluldsgo

ncmcrgolxgt-@s tagtc g`cptcg/ ķ˅m sotlill gml gl rcnlisosl trc`st/ Sozls Uogd g ngplt ldcl ¶pl rcpsrpc

zcmtrs g pàgtc rcgolxgrl dlm zlgtrg pcg`g; `˅ķt zrlm lptct¶lic/ `˅ķt zrlm d˅ķrxcmlc ¶pl fatgr˅ķrc/g ¶ptlst pg dlp`stc `s gstarltgt¶loc/ abt¶lm˅ķmd `g dlrc`tar go Cdltsrll Isxl`goc a pcgig dc

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gugmtghc zcmtrs àizaxltarl-

Lgtg dc`l a trgmpearigrc pzc`tg`soagpg; icogmàolg dlm gdaocp`cmt¶g p)g rctrgp ķ˅mesmdso psflctsosl- G`cg azt¶lsmc zcmtrs àizaxlt¶lg isxl`gog dcpzrc `grc gi zaucptltigl psp g zradsp psboligrcg-

Sozls Uogd g ngplt rczcdc igt`g isxl`ll pgoc- Dszg zrlicoc os`rgrl dc ¶pàgog/cvzrcpluc/ ogp˅ķmd pg pc ķ˅mtrcxgrcgp`g grtlptso igtsr dc igl t˅ķrxls/ Sozls g ngplt rczcdc

rczcrc ķ˅m isxl`g tlizsosl maptrs `grc pg àmulmg òligtsosl pgs psflctcp`8 gpzc`tc gocisxl`ll gocgtarl`c/ tcvtjsrl/ dlugngt¶ll iadgoc/ ctcraeamll/ tagtc il¶p`˅ķmds)pc ugzarap- Gieapt slilt pg àmptgt `ķ˅t dc rczcdc p)gs zctrc`st g`cptc trgmpearigrl ķ˅m isxl`g pg/ `˅ķtdc rczcdc g dlbslt co `s lmtslt¶lg ilhoag`coc dc `grc gucg mcualc-

Dg`g cvlptg ķ˅m grtg raig˅mcgp`g a isxl`g amlrl`g/ Sozls Uogd il pc zgrc smso

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7<7

dlm `cl igl dc pcgig rczrcxcmtgmt¶l gl cl- Rsztsrloc zrgzgptlagpc t¶lm˅ķmd dc rcgo pcķ˅mt˅ķomcp` rgr ķ˅m isxl`g osl; osicg ulpcoar pc dcpeg¶pagrg mcptlmnfcrltg ķ˅m isxl`g osl

Sozls Uogd- Gl pzsmc `g cptc uarbg dc igtcrll isxl`goc trgtgtc pta`gptl`/ dg`g grrgiķ˅mc og ablc`tsgoltgtcg oar rcgog; zrlm go`flilc isxl`gog ķ˅mpg g`c¶ptl marl dc psmctc/gu˅ķmd earic ¶pl àmplptcmt¶c blxgrc/ pc trgmpearig ķ˅m esnltluc ¶pl lizgozgbloc il¶p`grlpsflctc¶ptl psrzrlmpc ķ˅m dcucmlrcg oar-

Ulgt¶g pc`rctg g grtlptsosl/ zsrg àibsptlc ma`tsrmg/ ms g ķ˅izlcdl`gt cvlptcmt¶gpaogrg g aisosl- Lrgdllmd `godsrg psflctcgp`g/ co pc dcdl`g egilolcl pgoc/ Igrlmcl/ pat¶lgzc `grc a lsbc¶ptc/ sosl pgs Raigm/ zgrlmtcosl pgs/ zrlctcmloar pgl-

L˅m sotlill gml ’lcdso‟ g ķ˅m`grsmt¶lt; ķ˅o ugd smcarl `gxst zc n˅ķmdsrl/ `s a`fll pgl s¶parfaobgt¶l/ rcucmlmds)¶pl rczcdc/ `s g`cocg¶pl rcflcvc dc iamtgmlgrd lstc-

G`tlultgtcg pa`lgog o)g abaplt; g eapt rcàigmdgt dc `gtrc Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloarpg os`rcxc og Ilmlptcrso @sotsrll; `cl dc gàoa o)gs trgtgt `g zc sm blra`rgt/ t¶lm˅ķmd pcgig

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ms dc àmt¶lmstso ism`ll pgoc/ `l dc ecoso `si cptc zrlmpg cg ķ˅m àmdl`coc dc pcrul`ls-@s rczsoplc/ Sozls Uogd p)g rctrgp/ rcesx˅ķmd pg igl g`tlucxc ķ˅m daicmlso ab¶ptcp`- Cptcisot¶silt `s ism`g pg zcdgnanl`g og G`gdcilg dc Isxl`g dlm Bs`src¶ptl/ dc smdc geapt pàp `˅ķmdug ķ˅m iad ms igl zst¶lm brstgo/ dgr smdc pc plitc og oa`so pgs-

Hsigtgtc dc pcào ķ˅o psrzrlmdc ucrtl`go/ hsolt dgr lmtcnrs/ ngtg pg ķ˅mersmtc dl)`sotgt¶loc ulct¶ll/ pg àisml`c `s pcicmll/ pg iadcocxc marll osl dc psmctc ķ˅m`flzslt¶l ķ˅mulpgrl trcxc-

Ig ual bs`srg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg og ucdcrcg `flzsosl pgs osilmap-

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7<2

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Lm iciarlgi

L˅M GILMTLRCG FLODCL HCRCG 0:

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7<0

Dķ˅md zl`gtsrg `s zl`gtsrg iart¶ll/ zrlulmd icrcs pzrc sm ulltar zc `grc ms)o iglg¶ptcztg mlicml dlm hsrso cl/ darlmd pg)l ugdg zc zrlctcml dgr rcesx˅ķmd pg pc ķ˅megt¶l¶pcxcoar g¶pg `si crg/ Flodg Hcrcg g isrlt ķ˅mdcosmn ¶pl `flmsltar- Gt˅ķt dc ķ˅mdcosmn g isrlt/ķ˅m`˅ķt gtsm`l `˅ķmd g dgt sotlig zl`gtsrg/ ķ˅l isrlpc ¶pl iagrtcg/ ¶pl cg ms g igl àzoc¶pltzc mlicml/ `l g rgpzķ˅mdlt ķ˅m hsr a eagrtc igrc trlptct¶c-

L˅mglmtc dc g gsxl uarblmds)pc dcpzrc Flodg Hcrcg/ gi `ltlt a ergxg dcpzrc cg ķ˅mtr)a`raml`g isxl`gog g osl Ci- @laig`; `rcd `g crg ķ˅m tlizso rgxbalsosl/ ngxctg `rcd `gcrg

’Tlizso‟/ lgr `su˅ķmtso `raml`grsosl psmg `gi g¶pg8

’tgocmtgtg/ dlucrp gtrgngtagrcg

àizaxltagrc Flodg Hcrcg‟- L˅mtr)gdcugr/ crg tgocmtgtg/ iķ˅mdrg ¶pl ersiagpg Flodg Hcrcg/crg lrcicdlgblo dc aztlilptg/ icrcs gzoc`gtg ķ˅mglmtc/ icrcs darltagrc pg àmptrslgp`g/icrcs ngtg pg rcķ˅m`cgzg-

0:-’

Raig˅mlg oltcrgrg‟/ 2< igl 7<6:-

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G`cgptg g eapt pagrtg cl8 pg rcķ˅m`cgzg icrcs- L˅m icgmdrcoc ulct¶ll ¶pl)g lmucptlt `sķ˅mucr¶psmgrc cogmsrloc ķ˅m dlucrpc dlrc`t¶ll8 g eapt ptsdcmtg zcrpcucrcmtg/ g eapt l`g/ igig¶pl pat¶lc zgtlig¶pg/ g eapt goblmg zraecpagrg/ p)g dgrslt `g lmtcrzrctg zlgmlptg/ g eapt cm)tsxlgpt g`tlug ab¶ptc¶ptc/ g eapt àizaxltagrc dc tgocmt/ icrcs d˅ķmd/ lmd ķ˅mpg rgpzogtltgdc ulgt¶g eagrtc pzargdl`- Dgr Flodg Hcrcg crg lrcicdlgblog ¶pl rcķ˅m`czcg icrcs/ zķ˅mg ķ˅mxlsg `˅ķmd g eapt zrcosgtg dc ogilmagrcoc ķ˅mtarta`fcgtc goc baoll-

C nrcs dc pzsp dg`g pc ķ˅mt¶cocncg blmc zc plmc ķ˅mpg¶pl; `rcd `g g`cpt lrcicdlgbloaztlilpi a pt˅ķmhcmcg/ dc g`ccg zagtc p)g fgxgrdgt ķ˅m smcoc dlrc`t¶ll ¶pl ms g lmplptgtps`lcmt ķ˅m gotcoc-

Crg a àizaxltagrc dc matgt¶lc; ķ˅m tlmcrct¶c ķ˅l zog`spc pg gàizgmlcxc og zlgm dlecrltcàrcanrgl ¶pl lizraulxg `s s¶psrlmt¶g; isxl`loc cl `s dcògigt¶ll/ olcdsrloc zc ucrpsrloc

lo ˅ l l˅ l l l˅ l b l o l o ˅ l ˅

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7<4

zact¶loar raig˅ml zc `grc ķ˅l plit¶cg ¶pl ķ˅l lsbcg/ zlcpcoc lmptrsicmtgoc ķ˅mtlmpc cvg`t gt˅ķt`˅ķt a `crc psbptgmt¶g oar/ lgtg tcrltarlso isxl`go zc `grc Flodg Hcrcg cptc lmncmsg ¶pl ķ˅¶pl

gds`c aergmdg ķ˅m gmtaoanlg isxl`ll raig˅mc¶ptl-L˅mpg ua`gt¶lg cl dc àisml`grc ms pc zstcg ķ˅izolml msigl ķ˅m àizaxlt¶lc; mcualg

dc gec`t¶lsmc ¶pl dc àmtg`tc zrlctcmc¶ptl a ķ˅mòlmg icrcs pzrc zcdgnanlc ¶pl trcbsrl nap)zadgrc¶ptl- P¶l `˅ķt dc lmpzlrgtg g eapt Flodg Hcrcg g`si 73 gml/ lmlt¶llmd earigt¶lg

’Ispl`g

Maug‟' Gl`l srigs pg pc ptr˅ķmng ķ˅m igmsm`fl tagtc ķ˅mòlmgt¶lloc ¶pl zrcecrlmt¶coc cl/ zcmtrs`g Flodg Hcrcg g lsblt ¶pl g eapt `srlagpg dlm tlmcrct¶c zcmtrs isxl`g àmtcizargmg; gl`lzstcg cg pg c lmtcrzrctg/ gl`l zstcg ¶pl zcdgnang/ gl`l zstcg napzadgrl cg sm rczcr)

tarls/ a pcrlc dc àm`crtc/ ml¶ptc tsrmcc- Gtsm`l gs srigt zagtc gmll cl `cl igl bsml/ `sàm`crtc ¶pl ps``cpc mgt¶lamgoc ¶pl lmtcrmgt¶lamgoc dlmtrc `coc igl ersiagpc- Gl`l g zststeg`c cg isxl`g `s smll dlm `cl igl tgocmtgt¶l lmtcrzrct¶l gl masosl ugo- Dc gl`l g zstst`fcig zc àizaxltarl pg p`rlc mal isxl`l `grarg cg pg pc dgrslgp`g/ lmtcrzrctķ˅mds)oc-

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Gl`l srig cg pg p`rlc zrazrlloc cl mal os`rgrl/ zcmtrs `grc pc zrcngtcg ķ˅m tglmg-

Dgr g`si/ ķ˅m zolm gu˅ķmt/ g lmtcrucmlt bagog/ `grc gucg zrabgblo ilplsmcg pg)l rcg)ilmtcgp`g Flodcl `g dgtarlg cl cptc pg rcķ˅m`cgzg lgrg¶pl ¶pl d˅ķmpg g ķ˅m`czst osmng `gogtarlczrlm tsmcoso baoll- Cg pc ķ˅m`gzgt¶˅ķmg pg ugdg smdcug dczgrtc ¶pl a lc¶plrc dlm g`cpt tsmco/dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl abp`sr-

Lc¶plrcg g`cgptg pzrc mc`smap`st a ucdci mal `crmlt¶l gxl- A igrc trlptct¶c mc `szrlmdc

zrlulmd ķ˅m srig xbgtcrloc ¶pl gpzlrgt¶lloc pzrc ecrl`lrc goc aisosl `grc g eapt- Zrlctcmgmagptrg g ķ˅m`czst dlm mas `cug/ dc gptg dgtg dcmltlu ¶pl &pzcrgi, `goi/ ogpķ˅mds)mcgtķ˅tcg gilmtlrl ersiagpc ¶pl a d˅ķrg ķ˅m anarso og `grc trsdli mal tat¶l `cl rgig¶pl-

SM IADCO 07

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7<3

SM IADCO

˅Lm osmng zcrlagdg g `flmsltagrcl osl dcpzgrt¶lrl dc ulgt¶g/ o)gi ugxst dc igl isotcarl; dc c`grc dgtg crg dlilmsgt xl`; àrzso isrcg `s ķ˅m`ctso/ ķ˅m tliz `c a`fll zgrcgs

tat igl gzrlm¶pl/ cvzrcplc g os`ldltgt¶ll- L˅m sotlicoc pgztgiķ˅ml ucnfcg dariltķ˅md; a`fll oslsrigrcgs tatso; àisml`ķ˅md dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl nrcs/ uarbcg tats¶pl zcmtrs g tcptg dg`gcptc ķ˅mt¶cocp/ zcmtrs g pc àmulmnc `g trglc¶ptc- Ms zstcg ml`l trgl/ ml`l isrl- @s isxl`ga tcrilmgpc; ķ˅¶pl trc`spc ķ˅m iciarlc tat `ccg `c `sma¶ptcg; g`si pzsmcg `g rcptrķ˅mnc tatso dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl isot-

˅Lm tat g`cpt tliz i)gi n˅ķmdlt isot og co/ gdcpcg abpcplu ¶pl/ egrg pg urcgs/ àizgr˅ķmdptgrcg osl `s `ccg `c pc zctrc`c ķ˅m hsr; ulgt¶g `srcmtg/ `s zgplsmloc cl gdcpcg igrsmtc/

ķ˅il gzgrcg `g dc¶pcrtg`lsmc-’

Gl`l/ ķ˅m pzltgo c gotg osic; gflgi tat `c pc zctrc`c gegrg/

07-’

Raig˅mlg oltcrgrg‟/ 23‐07 igrtlc 7<<0/ zgn- 7<-

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dgr trgli ķ˅m gotg osic‟- P¶l tat Dgm8’

@si trc` agrc icdl`ll dlmtr)a osic ķ˅m gotg dcigl isotc arl ķ˅m c`grc xl1‟ A isot¶lic dc n˅ķmdsrl il)gs trc`st zrlm ilmtc/ ķ˅mpg il p)gzgrst rgs zrcucptltar ¶pl olzplt dc zrlctcmlc g il oc matg; Dgm il p)g zgrst ķ˅mtatdcgsmgaiso `co igl drczt/ igl zgrtl lzgtlu ¶pl igl ablc`tlu dlm ncmcrgt¶lg icg; aiso `co igl`srgt/ trglmd psb pcimso dlp`rct¶lcl ¶pl go smcl ablc`tlultgt¶l iglarcp`lcmc-

Dszg `c g isrlt/ il)g eapt ¶pl igl nrcs pg zsm iķ˅mg zc àmdcl- G`si/ ķ˅m`ct)ķ˅m`ct/

ogp n˅ķmdsrloc pg `srng zcmtrs `g il pc zgrc `g lizrcplloc magptrc goc tstsrarg trcbslcpg c cvzspc/ pg rgiķ˅mg- Zcmtrs ilmc/ ecoso dc g go osl Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s cptc smctgoam- @s rcg pg gegblog/ plmnsrgtc`so Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s grc `cug ldcgo; crg dlecrltdc `clogot¶l/ dgr egrg aptcmtgt¶lc/ egrg zaxg/ `gstķ˅md icrcs pg trcg`g mcabpcrugt-

Agrc cptc blmc pg uarbcp` igl ķ˅mtķ˅l dcpzrc ai ¶pl msigl dszg g`ccg dcpzrc isxl`lgm/

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7<5

ķ˅mtr)a osic ķ˅m `grc zrlicgxg `rltcrlso ps``cpsosl/ go’

rcgolxgrll‟/ lmdlecrcmt dc ilhoag`c1&Bg `flgr gzco˅ķmd og ilhoag`c zc `grc/ dlpzrct¶slmds)oc og got¶ll/ oc gdilrgi ¶pl oc srigi

ķ˅m tglmg-, Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s p)g dctg¶pgt mct; ms g zrlilt g`cgptg osic/ ms g srigt`srpso cl- G srigrlt)a egrg pg pc crlhcxc ķ˅m zraect- Ms g dciamptrgt/ ms g zrcdl`gt/ msg zamtl`gt/ ms g g¶pgt sm gcr dc pszcrlarltgtc- Ms g eapt ogsrcgtso ml`l smsl àm`srpdc ķ˅izrchsrgrl- G dctcptgt zrg`tl`g pa`lgog g

’àismlpisosl rcgo‟- @˅ķmd Ilfglo Harg

g eapt aptrg`lxgt/ co g àmtlmsgt pg)o ercùcmtcxc; `slug `grc’

crg ķ˅m drczt‟ pg)o ķ˅mtrcbc/l)g pzsp `g ‐ dg' ‐ ķ˅o ercùcmtcgxg/ lgr `˅ķmd g`cog o)g ķ˅mtrcbgt `lmc igl ulmc zc gàoa/l)g rgpzsmp8

’

pg)t¶l pzsmg `co `grc i)g ugxst gàoa ¶pl t¶l)g rgzartgt t¶lc‟- O)g gdargt

zc Harg; ncptsrloc ¶pl àizartgicmtso osl igl gilmtcgs ¶pl zc zgtso dc iagrtc g`cgptgegp`lmgt¶lc; `ccg `c ms o)g ķ˅izlcdl`gt pg p`rlc ķ˅m 7<<7 dcpzrc Harg smso dlmtrc `coc iglmczgrtlmltagrc grtlàoc/ ķ˅mtr)a osic ķ˅m `grc g lsbl ķ˅mpcgimg gdcpcg g olmnc/ ¶pl g `rltl`g/ķ˅mpcgimg g àmdgimg-

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Mlil` ms o)g zstst dctcrilmg pg lmtrc ķ˅m zgrtld pgs ķ˅m EDSP- M)g g¶pgt ķ˅mpg ml`lsm icrlt ķ˅m g`cgptg/ ¶pl dszg dc`cibrlc 7<6</ ms p)g zsp ķ˅m egt¶g mligmsl/ ms g trgp ml`lsm eaoap- Crg ptrglm dc `grg`tcrso g`cog nlrapàzl` go agicmloar `grc p`flibg zrlctcmlla dgtg `s rcnliso zaoltl`- Dc `˅ķtcug arl dc)g osmnso gmloar il)g uarblt dcpzrc sm icdl`dlmtrc `coc dasg rgxbaglc `grc pc ogsdg8

’@˅ķmd ulmc sm ilmlptrs mas/ ķ˅l t¶lm t¶s`goso;

`˅ķmd `gdc l)o ugrp ķ˅m `gz‟; ¶pl ml`ladgtg/ dc `˅ķtc arl il)g gilmtlt dcpzrc g`cpt ai/ m)gizstst ķ˅mt¶cocnc `c plit¶cg co igl zstcrml`8 dlpzrct¶so zcmtrs g`cpt àizartgicmt pgsilrgrcg `g co zagtc cvlptg gcucg1 Og eco/ dcpzrc `lmcug `grc pc o gsdg `g rgzartcgxg¶pcesosl lmptltst¶lcl ķ˅m `coc igl il`l dctgoll tat `ccg `c pc uarbc¶ptc ķ˅m tlizso os`rsosl-

Crg trgdlt¶lamgolpt/ dgr og zgp `s urcicg; `s trlptct¶c pzsmcg `g ms gàrdg iamgrflcl¶pgmpc dc rcucmlrc ķ˅m Raig˅mlg- Zgtrlatlpiso ¶pl `rcdlmt¶g rcolnlagpg gs eapt zcmtrs co`fcptlsml cvòsplu lmtlic/ rcptl/ ķ˅m ml`l sm `gx iamcdg dc p`flib/ tabg dc bgtst pgs

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7<>

`fcptlsml cvòsplu lmtlic/ rc¶ptl/ ķm ml`l sm `gx iamcdg dc p`flib/ tabg dc bgtst pgsablc`t dc trgmxg`t¶ll pa`lgoc ¶pl zaoltl`c-

Co/ `grc `crspc pg ms l pc gmsmt¶c zsbol` iagrtcg/ pg ms pc p`rlc dcpzrc co/ pg cķ˅miariķ˅mtgt og Zs`lagpg o˅ķmng zgrlmt¶ll pgl/ egrg dlp`srpsrl/ egrg zsbol`/ ms g zrcugxstlmdlp`rct¶lg smsl ¶paecr `grc g zcrilp pg ghsmng ¶ptlrcg og Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar/ ķ˅mglmtc`g g`cgptg pg c zrcucmltg; gpteco g gzgrst gmsmt¶so dc og rgdla- Og ķ˅miariķ˅mtgrc/ `lmcugdc og Zs`lagpg g pzsp8

’Mal ms gi ¶ptlst `g daimso Dgmst¶ go maptrs cptc zraecparso

Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s‟-

L˅m brcgpog àizaxltarloar rcxsotgtso ķ˅mtrcnsosl pgs àizartgicmt g eapt `lsdgt8

aiso g eapt àmpldcrgt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sm pt˅ķoz go Smlsmll @aizaxltarloar/ a zcrigmcmt¶g dcmcòlmtlt; ķ˅mdczolmcg ¶pl og Smlsmc ¶pl og @ampcrugtar tagtc pgr`lmloc `grc l pc ķ˅m`rcdlmt¶gs-L˅mpg g`cgptg `lmptc g aisosl `grc ml`ladgtg ms p)g g¶pcxgt ķ˅m bgm`g ķ˅mt˅ķl/ g eapt ķ˅mpat¶ltgdc trc`crcg ķ˅m gmamligt g àizaxltarsosl- Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s ms g eapt aiso `grc pg

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gds`g gilmtc dcpzrc os`rgrloc pgoc; ¶pl/ `si ķ˅m sotliso dc`cmls ¶pl hsigtgtc ¶pl)g ķ˅mnrlhltzgrlmt¶ll ¶pl got¶l gzrazlgt¶l gl pgl igl u˅ķrptml`l &dgr zagtc ¶pl dlm iatluc mc`smap`stc,/trcztgt zrads`t¶lg osl àizamlptl`g g ķ˅m`ctlmlt z˅ķmg og azrlrc-

O)gi gsxlt pzsm˅ķmd dc igl isotc arl dc)g osmnso gmloar8’

L˅m ulgt¶g tatso pc zogtc¶ptc‟-I)gi ķ˅mtrcbgt ķ˅mpg egrg rapt8 dgr sm ai `g g`cptg dc `c g gust dc psecrlt gt˅ķtg1 Zagtc`g a mcg¶ptcztgtg rgpzogtg zcmtrs co g eapt ecoso `si o)g ķ˅mpat¶lt I|rlgi Igrbc ķ˅mNaonatg sotlisosl gm- Ug mc`cpgr/ `rcd/ sm ceart dc rcgilmtlrc ¶pl rccugosgrc g azcrclosl Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s- Os`rgrloc pgoc trcbslc rcosgtc/ ķ˅m ķ˅m`cr`grcg dc g ķ˅mt¶cocncpcmpso oar ncmcrgo/ pcimso psb `grc pc ķ˅mp`rls coc- L˅m ilmtcg icg/ àizaxltarso Dgm@amptgmtlmcp`s pc gpa`lgxg/ ms ¶ptls dc `c/ `s nsrg zactsosl Go- G- Zflolzzldc/ zagtczrlm plizol`ltgtcg ¶pl mgtsrgoct¶cg `grc gp`smd a àizol`gtg rc grlpta`rgtl`g- Rcosgrcgos`rgrloar g`cptsl àizaxltar mc rcxcrug psrzrlxc8 uai zstcg àmptgtg zcrcmltgtcg oar/

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7<6

`grg`tcrso oar gmtl`lzgtlu/ àizocvltgtcg oar-

G isrlt Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s8 sm ai `grc g `ltlt tagtc `grt¶loc zrlulmds)oc psucrgm¶pl icrn˅ķmd zc u˅ķreso zl`lagrcoar zrlm osic/ zrlm blbolatc`l ¶pl zrlm zrazrlloc pgoc os`rgrl-

L˅M ICIARLG OSL HGM TGSPLMNCR 02

L˅m g`cpt gm dc flzcrg`tlultgt¶l paogrc gt˅ķt dc zcrl`soagpc zcmtrs `grdlg`l p)g ptlmpdlm ulgt¶g og Zrgng àizaxltarso ¶pl dlrlharso Hgm Tgsplmncr/ zcrpamgoltgtc isxl gogigr`gmtg g @cfapoafg`lcl-

Zst¶lml ¶ptls `g isxl`lgmso `cf mgp`st og Zlgtrg Mcgit¶ ķ˅m 7<27/ g zoc`gt dlm Raig˅mlg

02-’

Isxl`g‟/ pcztcibrlc 7<6:-

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gblg ķ˅m 7<4> zcmtrs g pc ptgblol ķ˅m t¶grg dc arlnlmc g tgtgosl pgs- G rcucmlt dc isotcarl/ gzragzc gmsgo/ ķ˅m t¶grg dc bg¶ptlmg; sotlig agrg g eapt ķ˅m 7<></ `˅ķmd/ ķ˅izrcsmg `spat¶lg pg raig˅m`g/ g `strclcrgt t¶grg ķ˅m osmn ¶pl)m ogt; Bg`gs/ Amc¶ptl/ Bs`src¶ptl/ @˅ķizlmg/@osh/ gs eapt ptrgbgtstc ķ˅m zst¶lmc xloc/ `s a ecbrloltgtc mczcrilpg smsl psecrlmd ¶pl msisot dszg g`ccg/ Tst¶l &g¶pg ķ˅l pzsmcgs zrlctcmll gzrazlgt¶l, g `gxst og zgt/ dlilms˅ķmd ¶plptlmn˅ķmds)pc ķ˅mdcosmn-

Gt¶l ugxst ¶pl dsimcguagptrg zagtc ķ˅m igl isotc r˅ķmdsrl ķ˅m grtlàoc dcpzrc @sòlmpgs dcpzrc isxl`g raig˅mcgp`g ķ˅m ncmcrgo/ `ltķ˅mds)pc dcògrgt¶lg `˅ķtc smsl isxl`lgm dlmUlcmg pgs dlm Zrgng8

’guct¶l ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl sm n˅ķmdltar isxl`go mcabl¶pmslt/ zc Dliltrlc

@sòlm‟- L˅m `co zst¶lm smg dlm g`cptc dcògrgt¶ll trcbslc ldcmtl`gt Hgm Tgsplmncr/ `grcosgpc co ķ˅mps¶pl ķ˅m zrlig tlmcrct¶c oc`t¶ll dc isxl`g `s @sòlm-

Psmt 03 dc gml dc gtsm`l; zrlctcmso ics Tgsplmncr ig ķ˅mdcimg8’

fgl og @sòlm/ pg

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7<<

Psmt 03 dc gml dc gtsm`l; zrlctcmso ics Tgsplmncr ig ķmdcimg8’

fgl og @sòlm/ pgucxl `si pc n˅ķmdc¶ptc dcpzrc isxl`g‟; gi eapt ¶pl gi osgt oc`t¶ll dc àmtrgzsm`t ¶pl esng-

’Ulma pg lcl oc`t¶ll dc àizaxlt¶lc `s Ocam Koczzcr/ c sm zraecpar cv`czt¶lamgo‟ ¶pl gi eaptķ˅izrcsmg `s zrlctcmso ics og co- Fgl pg trliltci giķ˅mdal os`rgrl og àm`srpso Cmcp`s‟¶pl gi trlilp- Fgl og rczctlt¶lloc osl Ploucptrl/ fgl og oc`t¶lloc dc dlrlhgt goc osl Olmdcmbcrn&ķ˅izrcsmg `s @apig/ Brcdl`cgms ¶pl @ailpplamg, ¶pl/ blmc ķ˅mt¶cocp/ ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc/ ogtagtc àm`crtcoc osl Ncarnc Cmcp`s-

G`c¶ptlg gs eapt gmll ma¶ptrl dc’

Ptsri smd Drgmn‟/ `s cmcrnll isotc/ `˅ķmd àm`cmtrgtccvcizogr/ `˅ķmd rlplzltc ncmcrap-

Tgsplmncr g ķ˅mugt¶gt og @ampcrugtarso dlm Bs`src¶ptl `s Ilfglo Harg ¶pl Goercd Icm)dcopafm ¶pl g gbpaoult ķ˅m 7<4>- L˅il gds` gilmtc dc guldltgtcg `s `grc ķ˅mugt¶gi gtsm`l ¶pllicmpg `srlaxltgtc `s `grc ercùcmtgi cvzaxlt¶lloc/ pzc`tgàococ/ àmecrlmt¶coc/ olbrgrlloc/`s lmcultgblococ `go`grl ķ˅m ptrg`flml goc tlmcrct¶ll-

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Zcmtrs ilmc ķ˅mpsil/ Tst¶l crg ablc`tso smcl igrl gdilrgt¶ll- Isxl`goltgtcg osl crgcv`czt¶lamgog; gsxcg zcrec`t; pzamtgmcltgtcg osl crg gpcigmgtagrc `s g smsl ogstgr;`sma¶ptcg eagrtc isotg isxl`g ¶pl gucg lmptlm`tso egrg nrc¶p go ugoarll/ go isxl`ll bsmc;ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz crg tatgo olzplt dc pmablpi/ `grt¶loc dc ulxltg xarmgltagrc ms)o dcxgrigs`˅ķts¶pl dc zst¶lm ¶pl g`cgptg cptc a `goltgtc zc `grc a zrct¶slcp ¶pl gxl/ og arl¶pl lmc g¶p ķ˅mt˅ķoml)a- L˅m p`flib/ `gzg`ltgtcg dc g pc cmtsxlgpig crg cvtrgardlmgrg/ a earig dc tlmcrct¶c zc`grc ms ¶pl)g zlcrdst)a ml`ladgtg ķ˅m dc`srpso gmloar/ zc igpsrg `c pc dcxuaotg ¶pl pzlrltsopgs `rltl`- Zc p`srt/ crg sm àzlo igrc/ lmtcolncmt/ ulal/ ecric`gtar ķ˅m àmucrpgt¶lc/ `sdlnrcplsml mcg¶ptcztgtc `grc eg`cgs `g tlizso pg trcg`g goocnra-

Ogtsrg igl pogbg crg rlnagrcg/ `g`l pzamtgmcltgtcg ķ˅l hs`g ecptc smcarl; pc ogpggmtrcmgt ¶pl pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog pg sltc dc smdc g zarmlt pgs `gtrc `c pc ķ˅mdrcgztg/ dgr `ccg`c pzsm gl`l cptc ugogblo zcmtrs zart¶lsml il`l/ `g`l zc osmng ķ˅mtlmdcrc Hgm Tgsplmncr g

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2::

z z z ¶ / z n n¶ptlst pg `s`crcgp`g ¶pl pg rcgolxcxc ¶pl g gust a cuaost¶lc ptlolptl`g rcigr`gblog-

Paplt og Zrgng/ g àmtlmsgt àmpcrugtarso/ tcrilm˅ķmd àizaxlt¶lg `s Zguco Barˎkauc`¶pl Goalp Fgbg ¶pl dlrlhgtso `s Kgrco Gmˎcro; ptsdcmt¶lg osl p)g ķ˅m`fclgt og 07 dc gml- P¶l)g ķ˅m`czst gtsm`l `grlcrg isxl`gog zrazrls)xlpg- G àizsp eagrtc isotc os`rgrl/ ķ˅mpgpzlrltsosl pgs dcp`flp ms l)g ghsmp àizaxlt¶lg- P)g a`szgt lmtcmp `s zcdgnanlg- Goa`slt ¶pgpc gml og Aptrgug smdc g esm`t¶lamgt `g zraecpar ¶pl dlrc`tar go @ampcrugtarsosl-G earigt ¶pl cds`gt àrsrl/ gmpgibosrl dc tlmcrl isxl lcml- Gzal g ucmlt `g zraecpar ogZrgng ¶pl g eapt sm tliz dlrc`tarso @ampcrugtarsosl dlm `gzltgog @cfapoaug`lcl &og `cfl

’@ampcrugtarso‟ cptc `s a trcgztg igl hap dc`ķ˅t ’G`gdcilg‟/ `grc c ¶pàgog pszcrlagrg dcptsdll isxl`goc/ ķ˅mpg Gmtamlm Duarˎgk g eapt ¶pl co `˅ķmdug dlrc`tarso g`cptsl àmpcrugtar,-Dlm `˅ķmd ķ˅m `˅ķmd/ Tgsplmncr dlrlhg ¶pl àm`crtc plieaml`c pgs dc isxl`g `s sm `grg`tcrigl `gicrgo-

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Dlpzaxlt¶lg pg mgtsrgog zcmtrs g eg`c isxl`g/ gzoc`grcg `gtrc isxl`g dc `gicrg gngplt sm ogrn `˅ķiz dc g`tlultgtc ķ˅m @cfapoaug`lg- G àizsp `gi 0: dc zlcpc zcmtrsgmpgibosrl il`l/ zrlmtrc `grc 2 ùgrtctc dc àgrdc/ 2 trlasrl/ pamgtc/ zgrtltc- Og Bs)`src¶ptl gmpgiboso

’Ispl`g Maug‟ g `˅ķmtgt dc `˅ķtcug arl ùgrtctso `s zlgm

’@gmta dl

pzcrgmxg‟; p)gs igl `˅ķmtgt’

Pamgtlmg cigm`lzgtg‟/’

@aooawslsi‟ zcmtrs ùgrtct dcpsflgtarl/ ùlmtctso zcmtrs gogisrl ¶pl/ zagtc/ gotc os`rgrl-

Zcmtrs olcdsrloc ¶pl àrsrloc pgoc/ Tgsplmncr g gocp ķ˅mtatdcgsmg ucrpsrl dc `goltgtc;zrlmtrc zact¶ll goc¶pl8 Rlibgsd/ Focbmlkau/ Zs¶pklm- L˅m daicmlso plieaml` Tgsplmncr gdgt dasg plieamll/ sm àm`crt zcmtrs ulagrg ¶pl isotc gotc zlcpc; g p`rlp a pcgig dczlcpc ua`go)plieaml`c ¶pl bgoctso

’Magztcg `cg osmng‟-

Cuaost¶lg pg ptlolptl`g g ķ˅m`czst `s dlrc`t¶lg mca)ògpl`g ¶pl/ zrc`si got¶l àocnl dcncmcrgtlc/ g trc`st gzal zrlm pàgog p`rlltsrll dadc`geaml`c- G `smap`st blmc cvzcrlcmtg

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2:7

nc c gt¶ c/ g t c`st gza z ¶pàg g p` ts dadc`g a `c `s ap`st b c c zc c t¶g`cr`sosl dlm Dgriptgdt/ zc `grc o)g ercùcmtgt dc goteco- G plit¶lt mcualg smcl dczg¶plrl

zrlm ’zosrlpcrlgolpi‟ &cvtlmdcrc og tat¶l zgrgictrll,/ dgr igl gocp zrlm dlucrpc zra`cdccdc gocgtarlpi `grc gs aecrlt sm bsm `˅ķiz dc dcpeg¶psrgrc lignlmgt¶lcl pgoc- Tgsplmncrp)g lmtcrcpgt ¶pl dc maloc tcmdlmt¶c goc tcgtrsosl isxl`go; gpteco p)gs zstst lul ķ˅m gmll “5:os`rgrl dc `gicrg `g

’Fgzzcmlmn‟ zcmtrs trla `s zlgm pgs

’Gucmtsrloc smsl flgst ¶pl goc

smcl fgrec‟- L˅mpg ulal`lsmcg tcgtrgog/ gzoc`grcg pzrc fsiar pgs `gogibsr ms gs zststgp`smdc tcmdlmt¶g pg esmdgicmtgog `gtrc a cvzrcplc gec`tsagpg ¶pl/ gdcpcarl/ nrgug-

Iagrtcg pg dszg a osmng psecrlmt¶g g ucmlt `g a oaultsrg tats¶pl mcg¶ptcztgtg zcmtrs

gzrazlgt¶ll pgl- L˅miariķ˅mtgrcg g eapt ¶pl cg psrzrlmxgtagrc8 a igrc isot¶lic dc agicml/zrabgblo dlmtrc g`clg `c gs lmtrgt `˅ķmdug psb rgxg ncmcraxltgt¶ll pgoc/ gs plit¶lt mcualgpg)¶pl lg rgigp bsm dc og co zcmtrs sotlig agrg- Gs ucmlt agicml dlm dlecrltc àot¶srlgoc @cfapoaug`lcl/ icibrl gl earigt¶lloar isxl`goc zc `grc l)g ķ˅mdrsigt pgs gmligt

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`˅ķmdug/ àogbargtarl isxl`gol dlm dc`cmlloc trc`stc; igrl `˅ķmtgrct¶l gs t¶lmst pg `˅ķmtc ogsm àm`crt dc gdla-

@˅ķt dcpzrc pcimgtgrso g`cptar r˅ķmdsrl/ co g gflgt `s ķ˅mt˅ķrxlcrc dc iagrtcg uc`flsoslpgs zrlctcm ¶pl p)g ķ˅mtrlptgt gdķ˅m`/ `g`l a dgtg `s Hgm Tgsplmncr/ dlpzgrc sm ai ilmsmgt¶pl pc ķ˅mdczgrtcgxg zcmtrs tatdcgsmg ml¶ptc rcptsrl osilmagpc goc tlmcrct¶ll-

OSDAUL@ ECODIGMPsmt dagr zgtrs gml dc `˅ķmd Osdaul` Ecodigm g eapt pgrbgtarlt `g mamgncmgr/

gzgr˅ķmd gtsm`l `g sm àzg` bgtr˅ķm dgr ķ˅m`g uls/ `flgr ulnsrap; psmt msigl dal gml dc`˅ķmd Smlsmcg @aizaxltarloar l)g gàrdgt Igrcoc Zrcils zcmtrs ķ˅mtrcgng pg `rcgt¶lc ¶pllgtg `g g ucmlt `cgpso dcpzgrtlrll dcmltluc Cptc `cgpso lmcultgblo dcpzrc `grc Osdaul`

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2:2

lgtg `g g ucmlt `cgpso dcpzgrt¶lrll dcmltluc- Cptc `cgpso lmcultgblo dcpzrc `grc OsdaulÈcodigm g ¶ptlst `g ug ucml ¶pl o)g g¶ptcztgt/ dgr ms g zstst pg ¶pl)o lignlmcxc; o)g `fcigt/

dgr g `gstgt pg)o cultc `˅ķt g zstst- L˅mncmsm`fcrcg osl g eapt ocmtg ¶pl co g dgt ulgt¶gdlm plmc/ zl`gtsrg `s zl`gtsrg; ulgt¶g gblg igl z˅ķozķ˅lg ķ˅m co- G eapt a zrlucol¶ptc sigmg`strcisrgtagrc-

G ogpgt nrcs àmdclso dlm iķ˅mg- @aizsmcg dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl nrcs/ lgr ķ˅m sotlill dalgml os`rsrloc ms igl icrncgs dcoa`- P)g zo˅ķmp `g ms rcs¶pc¶ptc pg tcrilmc ar`fcptrgt¶lg`cocl igl rc`cmtc os`rgrl ‐ Zaciso plieaml` mr- 2 ‐ ¶pl i)g rsngt pg)l tcrilm ar`fcptrgt¶lgdszg p`flt¶g os`rgrll- G àmtlmsgt pg)il pzsmg ķ˅mpg/ zķ˅mg g`si `˅ķtcug osml/ `g p)g

pgtsrgt dc tcfml`g dadc`geaml`g rlnldg/ `g o)gr lmtcrcpg gotc tcfml`l mal; pzsmcg `grcnrctg psrxcmlg zcmtrs `g ms zagtc `smag¶ptc isxl`g coc`traml`g- @ltcg `s rcnsogrltgtcrculptcoc

’Isxl`g‟ ¶pl `coc oltcrgrc/ slilmds)ig smcarl zrlm lmearigrcg og xl- Dgr eart¶coc

pgoc gs dcòlmgt mciloap ķ˅m gmso g`cptg ¶pl igl gocp ķ˅m sotlicoc dasg osml/ `˅ķmd gblg g

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igl zstst t¶lmc sm `rclam ķ˅m iķ˅mg- Ms igl zstcg ml`l trgl/ ml`l isrl; ms g urst ml`l pgtrglgp`g/ ml`l pg iagrg- P¶l lgtg `g p)g dcpzgrt¶lt dc ulgt¶g/ lgr mal trcbslc pg mc dcpzgrt¶lidc co-

G eapt sm ai `lmptlt ¶pl `rcdlm`lap/ tcigtar dc Dsimcxcs/ rcpzc`t˅ķmd abl`clsrloczgrlmt¶loar pgl-

G eapt sm `ctgt¶cgm zgtrlat- Crg ķ˅m trgdlt¶lg egilolcl pgoc/ `g`l tgtgo pgs &icdl`so

Paoaiam Ecodigm/ dlrc`tarso pzltgososl curclcp` dc og Ngogt¶l, g eapt dcàrgt zcmtrszgrtl`lzgrcg og rgxbalso dc lmdczcmdcmt¶g-

@s g`cpt mamgncmgr zocg`g dlmtrc mal sm àizaxltar ms eagrtc bgtr˅ķm/ `g`l co gķ˅m`czst pg àizsmg gblg og u˅ķrptg dc 3: dc gml- Ilfglo Harg crg slilt dc zranrcpcoccocusosl pgs `grc eg`spc og g`cg dgtg a ersiagpg `grlcrg dc ulaoamlpt ¶pl `grc ķ˅m u˅ķotagrcgrgxbalsosl pc gzs`gpc pg ptsdlcxc griamlg/ àmtrgzsm`tso/ earicoc ¶pl àizaxlt¶lg zcmtrs

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2:0

g)¶pl dczg¶pl gmnagpcoc ¶pl lizgpsrloc psflctc¶ptl- Dszg sm ptsdls eagrtc rgzld/ `gtrc pe˅ķr¶pltso

rgxbalsosl/ g dgt og lucgog g`co lmtcmp ’Zaci trgnl ‟ `grc àmptltslc sm ptrlngt dcdcxmgdchdc ¶pl pzcrgmt¶g-

Gi gplptgt ¶pl cs og g`cg rczctlt¶lc g Elogriaml`ll `s Ncarnc Cmcp`s og zszltrs ķ˅mpgog `lmcig

’Gra‟ &gxl

’Zgtrlg‟, ķ˅m zgsxg `grclg p)g zstst gp`sotg ersiagpg cvc`st¶lc

ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lc g Trla)sosl zcmtrs psflgtarl dgtargt osl Osdaul` Ecodigm &zc gtsm`làm`crtigcptrs go ulaolmll g LL)g,- Lmtcrzrctgrcg os`rgrll dc `gtrc sm trla dc ogriaml¶ptlķ˅m ersmtc `s flgstlptso Ugploc Hlgms/ gucg oa` zcmtrs Ncarnc Cmcp`s ¶pl \cfsdl Icmsflm/

dgr ķ˅m pgog crg eagrtc isotg osic; ig ngpcgi ¶pl cs gàoa ¶pl zagtc ¶pl got¶l isxl`lcmlzrcxcmt¶l ķ˅m g`cgptg gdsmgrc dc daols- Cua` g`cpt osilmap iaicmt isxl`go zcmtrs `g¶ptls `g ¶pl osl Osdaul` l)gr zog`st g`cgptg-

Osdaul` Ecodigm g dcucmlt smso dlmtrc `cl igl lizartgmt¶l ¶pl plmnsogrl àizaxltarl

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gl ncmcrgt¶lloar pgoc- Dszg cvzrcplamlpiso licdlgt zaptbcol`/ co g trc`st zrlmtr)a egxglmflscmt¶gtg dc eaoòar; ķ˅m g`cgptg zcrlagdg Ncarnc Ncarncp`s l)g zranrgigt dc iglisotc arl Psltg g LL)g- Gzal/ zgr`g dlmtr)a dgtg/ zrlm gbardgrcg tcfml`ll pcrlgoc/ OsdaulÈcodigm p)g plit¶lt og zgp `s tlmcrctso zc gtsm`l ķ˅m u˅ķrptg dc 0: dc gml- Lgtg)o ķ˅m gmll“5: zc gzragzc pcztsgncmgrso Osdaul` Ecodigm/ ķ˅m dczolmg zapcplsmc g smcotcoar pgocàizamlptl`c/ dcucmlt ķ˅m iad rcp`/ egrg aptcmtgt¶lc/ tķ˅mgr dc gugmngrdg/ brgt¶ og brgt¶`s tlmcrct¶cg-

L˅mpg dszg iagrtcg Gol`cl/ lsbltg ¶pl rcpzc`tgtg pg pat¶lc ¶pl dlm `gsxg psrxcmlcl zra)nrcpluc/ ulgt¶g pg g dcucmlt dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl nrcg- Tlizso g trc`st mciloap ¶pl òczpldrgg ogpgt pg pc p`srng mlplzso egrg ķ˅m`ctgrc-

@c rczcdc trc`c a cvlptcmt¶g/ c cg ¶pl dc <4 dc gml' @˅ķt dc rczcdc trc`c ¶pl sm pcào'Gmso g`cptg Osdaul` il)g zaucptlt `si/ paplmd zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg dgtg og Ulcmg &crg smgdaocp`cmt dc 76 gml, g ugxst zc ptrgdg a igrc isotlic gdsmgtg og a ķ˅miariķ˅mtgrc; g

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2:4

gdaocp`cmt dc 76 gml,/ g ugxst zc ptrgdg a igrc isot¶lic gdsmgtg og a ķmiariķmtgrc; gķ˅mtrcbgt t˅ķmgrso Osdaul`8

’

@lmc cptc zctrc`st gl`l1‟ L p)g rgpzsmp8

’

Sm igrc isxl`lgm;

pc msicg Nsptgu Igfocr‟- G`cgptg g eapt ķ˅m 7<77; lgr mal gl`l/ plictrl`/ og `cogogot `gzgtgo pcàososl/ zctrc`ci zc Osdaul` Ecodigm/ sm igrc isxl`lgm zc `grc o)gi `smap`st/dc `grc gi eapt gogtsrl/ lgr co g eapt gogtsrl dc mal-

L˅o uai t¶lmc ilmtc ķ˅m rcptso xlocoar magptrc ¶pl ‐ zagtc ‐ got¶ll igl tlmcrl ķ˅¶pl uar gilmtlzcptc dc`cmll/ dszg gmso 2:::/ dc ķ˅mdaolgtg gdsmgrc dc gxl-

Elc)l osl Osdaul` Ecodigm t¶gr˅ķmg s¶pagrg ¶pl gilmtlrcg osilmagpg-

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I\RLGI IGRBC 00

@s gml ķ˅m srig ¶pl dszg g`ccg zcptc gml/ I|rlgi il)g pzsp8’

G¶p urcg pg uarbc¶ptlog iagrtcg icg‟- Pc n˅ķmdcg dc`l og iagrtc ¶pl crg ngtg dc cg/ dgr `s a pcgrg ķ˅mglmtc dcg)¶pl tcrilmg ulgt¶g p)g bs`srgt dc pgrbgtagrcg @rg`lsmsosl ¶pl dc ucmlrcg ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl gMgspl`gl/ ķ˅mncrso cvlptcmt¶cl cl- G dasg xl ulgt¶g l)g eapt rctcxgtg brsp`/ dszg `c l)g pzspog tcoceam osl A`tgulgm Mcicp`s8

’

Pg pc ķ˅izolmcgp`g tat `ccg `c mc darli‟-

I|rlgi Igrbc g `rcxst `s tgrlc ķ˅m Dsimcxcs Smso/ pogulmds)O ķ˅m ocncg `rc¶ptlmg/ķ˅m pzlrltso c`sicml` go lsblrll gzragzcosl- Cg g eapt ķ˅mxcptrgtg ķ˅mpg ¶pl `s zstcrcg dc gucdcg `flzso Daimsosl ķ˅m tagtg dlucrpltgtcg osill8 ķ˅m drgnaptc ¶pl zrlctcmlc/ ķ˅m egilolc ¶plzgtrlc/ ķ˅m grtg ¶pl mgtsrg- P)g bs`srgt ¶pl dc ecrl`lrc/ dgr ¶pl dc psecrlmt¶g- G eapt ķ˅m`cr`gtgdc tagtc trglrloc-

Ugoagrcg cl sigmg g eapt cv`cztlamgog @g zrlctcmg g eapt parg8 ecoso `si o g gplptgt

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2:3

Ugoagrcg cl sigmg g eapt cv`czt¶lamgog- @g zrlctcmg ‐ g eapt parg8 ecoso `si o)g gplptgtzc Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s ķ˅m sotliso osl gm dc ulgt¶g cptc egrg zcrc`fc- @g zraecpagrg ‐p)g ocngt ptr˅ķmp dc cocucoc pgoc/ lmflscmt¶˅ķmds)oc/ `rcd/ dcptlmso-

Cmcrnlg cl ultgog g eapt sliltagrc; cg ķ˅mpg¶pl ms g bgmslt)a8 a eart¶g ia`mltg og ķ˅m`czst/`grc p)g dcpeg¶psrgt ķ˅mtr)sm `rcp`cmda lrcxlptlblo- Dgr gptg g ¶pl àptgt)a; `fcotslg egrgg pc icmghg8 ptloso cl dc ism`g

’ķ˅m gpgot‟ &cg ķ˅¶pl tcrilmg os`rgrloc gdcpcg ķ˅m ghsmso

zrlicl gsdlt¶ll, l)g psbilmgt pgmgtgtcg-

@rc¶ptcrcg cl isxl`gog g eapt ocmtg ¶pl àizol`gtg- P)g gdgzgt dlm zolm dlm igrcgtrgdlt¶lc isxl`gog &dc og ògpl`l og isxl g zazsogrg,/ dgr ms g zrlilt dc)g ngtg8 g rc`rcgttat `ccg `c g pcoc`t¶lamgt ķ˅m isxl`g pg/ g psboligt cvzcrlcmt¶g ulct¶ll/ `grt¶loc zc `grc oc)g`ltlt/ `gogtarlloc eg`stc/ zgplsmloc cl- P¶l)g `rcgt zrazrlso pgs ptlo/ a p`rlltsrg isxl`gog/ a

00-’

G`tsgoltgtcg isxl`gog‟/ 76<!7<<6-

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nrgc zrazrlc- L˅m hsdc`grcg os`rgrloar cl ms c mc`cpgrg ml`l sm eco dc àmdcp`cmt¶g zcmtrseciclg àizaxltagrc8 I|rlgi Os`lg Igrbc g eapt sm àizaxltar ķ˅m tagtg zstcrcg`su˅ķmtsosl/ egrg `g gtrlbstcoc ecilmltgt¶ll pg c pg`rl`gtc ķ˅m cvzrcplg isxl`gog- P¶l `càizaxltar' Smso dlmtrc `cl igl dc pcgig igc¶ptrl gl isxl`ll raig˅mc¶ptl dc gptgxl-

Rctlmg c ķ˅m¶pcogtagrc zcmtrs `cl `grc mc ptgs ķ˅m zrcghig- Gdcpcg ms zstci `rcdc `g`cl dc o˅ķmng mal zat igrl grtl¶ptl---

P¶a`gt¶l ¶pl ķ˅m zolmg dsrcrc/ zstci osg tats¶pl dlptgmt¶g zcmtrs g zrlul ķ˅m psp `gtrc drgng

magptrg zrlctcmg/ zcmtrs g)l gàrdg ķ˅mtrcgng zrct¶slrc zc `grc a icrltg-L˅il zgrc mcpzsp dc rgs/ I|rlgi/ `g ms ig zat¶l gsxl

’uarblmds)tc‟- Pgs zagtc---

L˅M GILMTLRCG OSL CSNCM)ILFGL IGRTAM

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2:5

Dczgrtc/ og Ognap/ p)g ptlmp dlm ulgt¶g Csncm)Ilfgl Igrtam- Mlncrlg g eapt sotlig

azrlrc g smcl `˅ķmtgrl dc a ulgt¶g- ’G isrlt gàoa smdc ualg pg c ķ˅mnrazgt‟ mc gmsmt¶gsm eglrc)zgrt go`gtslt dc `gtrc pat¶lg pg-

Sm psr˅ķp dlp`rct psgu/ lmtcolncmt ¶pl trlpt gp`smdcg a ķ˅mdcosmngtg bagog dcpzrc `grcms g urst pg uarbcgp`g mligmsl/ ml`l ig`gr zgrlmt¶loar pgl- G`cgptg bagog o)g rgzsp ogu˅ķrptg dc 44 dc gml-

Ai ¶pl grtlpt dc pcrlaxltgtc ¶pl zrabltgtc dcpgu˅ķr¶pltc/ Iartam g `smap`st sm sr`s¶pnrcs- Ucmlt dc og @osh &m- 7>-:<-45-, trc`c zrlm @ampcrugtarso dlm Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅m `grc g

ptsdlgt gtcmt isxl`g ògpl`g- Dszg tcrilmgrcg àmpcrugtarsosl g àmtlmsgt pg àizsmgzcrpcucrcmt- Oa`slc¶ptc sm tliz ķ˅m Lprgco; gzal zocg`g ķ˅m Ncrigmlg ¶pl pc zcrec`t¶lamcgxgog àmpcrugtarso dlm Fgibsrn &`s Olnctl,-

Trgucrpcgxg a zcrlagdg zc `grc g¶p msil)a nrg`g; g`si c zrca`szgt dc aiancml)

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tgtcg ¶pl ugrlctgtcg p`rlltsrll; g`cgptg cptc a grtg armgicmtgog/ lc¶pltg dlm u˅ķreso zcmlt¶cl-Cg grc smcarl sm `grg`tcr losxarls/ dc¶pl dculmc cec`tlug zrlm g`sisogrcg dctgolloar-

L˅m gmll “6: zranrcpso pgs grtlptl` dculmc psrzrlmxgtar- Dlm `˅ķmd ķ˅m `˅ķmd ķ˅il p`rlg/trlilt¶˅ķmds)il zgrtltsrl ¶pl ķ˅mrcnlptrgrl goc os`rgrloar pgoc mal-

P`rlltsrg rgiķ˅mc iaxgl`gtg/ olzpltg ķ˅mpg dc arl`c grldltgtc; `r˅ķizclcoc icoadl`csmcp` sm tgmdrs dlgtamlpi `s il`l iaicmtc g`ldc &zl`gmtcrll gnanl`c pgs zraucmlmddlm il`ratamll,-

Cptc isot gcr ķ˅m isxl`g g`cptcl sotlic zcrlagdc àizamlptl`c- Zrapzct¶licg tli)brgog dculmc dc`lplug ķ˅m dc`gmtgrcg grtcl osl Igrtam- Zlcpcoc pgoc zcmtrs earigt¶llar`fcptrgoc gs ķ˅m`czst pg c `smap`stc ¶pl gzrc`lgtc; coc gs eapt `˅ķmtgtc ķ˅m dlecrltcecptlugosrl &˅ķmtrc gotcoc/ og `co dlm Damgscp`flmncm,-

Ms il p)g zgrst `g Igrtam eg`c sm ceart cv`cplu zcmtrs g)¶pl zrazgng ¶pl ogmpg isxl`g;l bo˅ d˖ l l tl ˖ tl ˅ tlt ˅ ˖ o ˖ t t o

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2:>

g`ccg¶pl boķmdg ¶pl cmlnigtl`g rct¶lmcrc zgrc g ķmpat¶lt zķmg og srig àizartgicmtso

pgs pa`lgo/ ķ˅m àmtrgpt `s gpzcrltgtcg ¶pl àmptgmt¶g ceartsosl pgs àizamlptl` `grslg l pcpszsmcg-

Gu˅ķmd zrabgblo ¶pl àicmxl zcmtrs os`rgrloc pgoc/ Igrtam g dlpzsp dc igngxlloc `slmptrsicmtc goc ar`fcptrcoar ncrigmc; il)o ķ˅m`flzsl lmucptln˅ķmd g`cptc igngxll-

L˅m’

Farlxamtc‟ &7<67‐7<62, ar`fcptrg c earigtg dlm 74 psflgtarl &zrlmtrc `grc flgstgota/ abac d“giarc/ traibam gota/ Gotfl¦sncofarm/ Kamtrgbgpp tsbg,/ 05 dc pzc`ll dczcr`st¶ll &zrlmtrc `grc lmptrsicmtc `flmcxc¶ptl/ tsr`c¶ptl/ àmng/ bgmlg/ A)dglà/ dgrbsk)

kg,/ 5 lmptrsicmtc dc `soagrc `s psmct dctcrilmgt &zrlmtrc `grc ¶pl psdgmcxso Klpplr, ¶plmsigl 4 lmptrsicmtc dc àgrdc- Rcxsotgtso pamar cptc eccrl`-

L˅m 7<64/ og Erclbsrn/ smdc ug trgl sm tliz/ àizsmc zlcpg zcmtrs ar`fcptrg’

Dcr^cn ‐ dgp plmd dclmc Espptgzecm smd pampt ml`ftp‟- Tltoso cptc sm ucrp dc Gmtamlc

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Ig`fgdc ¶pl pzsmc isotc dcpzrc zactl`g osl Ilfgl)Csncm Igrtam- &˅Lm àizamcmt¶gar`fcptrcl/ zrlmtrc gotcoc ‐ sm t¶gibgo-,

L˅m 7<63/ zlcpg’

Dlc Tgsbc dcp ecrmcm Zlmlcmfglmcp‟/ zcmtrs flgst bgp/ lmpzlrgtg dcZpgoiso 35 ķ˅m `grc c uarbg dc

’zarsibcoso ist zrlmtrc ptrglml‟/ `s a psrzrlmxgtagrc

cvzol`gt¶lc gstablanrg`g8’

Psmt smnsr zc hsigtgtc curcs dlm Raig˅mlg- Zcmtrs raig˅mlgi eapt ignflgr/ zcmtrs ignflgrl ‐ curcs/ zcmtrs curcl ‐ rai g˅m‟---

’L˅m `gstgrcg

drsisosl ics zrazrls/ g`cptc rgdg`lml isotlzoc gs eapt ¶pl lizartgmtc ¶pl ptrglmc-‟

L˅m 7<63‐65 ‐ zlcpg dc ar`fcptrg ’Dgs‟; zrlmtrc lmptrsicmtc8 flgst bgp/ Bgppct)tfarm/ Pgvaeam bgrltam/ Kamtrgbgp tsbg/ traizctg bgp/ Pazrgmb¦sncofarm/ igmdaolmgmgzaoltgmg-

L˅m 7<65/ a isxl`g dc `gicrg zcmtrs ¶pgztc lmptrsicmtl¶ptl8’

Li P`fgttcm dcr Ptlooc‟-L˅m sibrg tg`crll/ dsbog sibrg/ dsbog tg`crc-

Sricgxg ‐ ķ˅izrcsmg `s pat¶lg pg Rcmgtc Gobcrptpcm )Igrtam &`grc zrcdg olibg

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2:6

z ¶ & zncrigmg ķ˅m `gdrso Lmptltstsosl Nactfc, ‐ zazgpsrl og Gtcmg/ ķ˅m Gicrl`g dc Psd/ ķ˅m

mc og Ognap----˅Lm mc/ `g`l g eapt sm zazgp mgo- L˅m 7<66!6< àizsmc og Ognap

’Kcflmdc‟

zcmtrs Nrappbgppfl¦atc ¶pl Bgppcttfarm-’

Kcflmdc‟ ķ˅m mlncrlgmg8 zstcrc ultgog- Iagrc og22-72-7<<:-

Sotlig ptgt¶lc ķ˅m `gstgrcg pg dc a ulgt¶g-

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Igrl lmtcrzrct¶l

RCZCTLT¶ LL @S \CFSDL ICMSFLM P¶L NCARNC

CMCP@S---

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2:<

Zrcolilmgrll ¶pl pliztaic---04

Dc og 6-0: dc dlilmcgt¶g `˅ķtcug xc`l dc tlmcrl/ cocul ¶pl ptsdcmt¶l `s msicrc igtrlàoc¶pl `grmctc dc ¶pàogrltgtc/ ķ˅m`cgr`g rcxlptcmt¶g `coar trcl lmtrgrl dc og

’Gra‟' Rczctlt¶lg

ug ķ˅m`czc og arcoc 7:- Dca`gidgtg dasg dlmtrc s¶pl psmt ptrg¶pml` ecrc`gtc/ zc `˅ķmd zczrgnso `cocl dc g trclg sm s¶plcr x˅ķibc¶ptc `s a pc`rctg pszcrlarltgtc rcngog- X˅ķibctsodculmc zsbol`/ `˅ķmd zcrpamgoso dc og Gtcmcso Raig˅m ulmc iaflsx ¶pl silolt pg gsdg ¶plco zc ulrtsap--- og

’Gra‟-

Sm aetgt ¶pl a ilrgrc ķ˅l zrlmdc zc tat¶l `˅ķmd s¶ploc ķ˅m peķ˅r¶plt pc dcp`fld; pc esnc xnaiatap;ml`l uarbg ms zagtc dc àmtrao' Pgog ms pc a`szg og ķ˅mt˅ķizogrc; sm nrsz icoaigm

04- Igl 7<45-

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`grc g rczcrgt cvg`t oa`so paolptsosl pc g¶pcgxg ķ˅m zrliso r˅ķmd/ ķ˅m drcztso msiltsosl oa`¶pl gzal pgog pc sizoc àm`cmtrl`--- Eareatcgog dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl isotg ķ˅m pgog grflzolmg---Tg`crl psbltc---zrcngtlrl dc gzogsxc--- Ms ķ˅m`g'---

’Ms psmt Icmsflm'‟---

Boghlm/ `s il¶p`grl daiagoc/ lmtrg zc p`cmg igcptrso Cmcp`s- Dc `c a gptgxl gt˅ķt

dc haulgo ¶pl lrgdlgmt1 &Dc gotilmtcrl dc `˅ķtcug xloc dc `˅ķmd p)g ķ˅mtarp dc og Iapàugigcptrso c zgr`g igl t˅ķmgr ¶pl igl zstcrml`,- Zsbol`so ķ˅o gzogsdg ercmctl`- Cmcp`s ķ˅¶plrldl`g ķ˅m`ct zrlulrloc ķ˅mpzrc pgog/ pc sltg a erg`t¶lsmc dc pc`smdg `s a`fll osl ucrxl ¶plgd˅ķm`l og mlicml ¶pl gzal `s sm psr˅ķp dc sm egric` lmdcp`rlztlblo eg`c pcim `s tagtgiķ˅mg drcgztg `g og ar`fcptrg/ pg pc azrcgp`g g`cpt tsttl `s trcl dc eartc ¶pl dszg `cmcdlp`lzolmgtso ¶pl `srlapso zsbol` pc gpt˅ķizgrg/ Igcptrso xl`c pamar ¶pl `s sm `lsdgt

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27:

psr˅ķp8

’

ms i˖ g `fcgi˖ g Icmsflm ‟'

Zsbol`so lstc ķ˅m gtltsdlml augt¶lamcgxg tat igl tgrc/ ķ˅m tliz `c a ua`c pc dcpzrlmdc `snrcs8

’`flgr zc d)uagptrg ug gzogsdgi/ Igcptrc'‟ Gzal ķ˅mpg/ `s tat¶ll ķ˅m`cz pg gmgolxcxc

ķ˅m nķ˅md illoc dc ķ˅mt¶cocpsrl ¶pl dc bs`srll `grc pc ķ˅mtrctglgs ķ˅m `sulmtcoc osl Cmcp`s-

L˅m`czc rczctlt¶lg

Sm guķ˅mt zragpz gt e˖ g`cg g`si zc pzc`tgtarl p˖ g)¶pl `gstc dcmltlu dgr lmstlo oa`so

zc zrazrlloc p`gsmc- G`cgptg pc zctrc cg `s ea¶pmctc/ tspc ¶pl ¶pagztc p`srtc/ ķ˅mtrct˖ glgtc `g ersmxcoc ķ˅mtr)a z˖ gdsrc- D- Tcadarcp`s/ ¶pceso dc gtg`/ grc giblt ¶lg p˖ g gàrdcxc gxl ar`fcptrg cvg`t' D)mll Olmdcmbcrn ¶pl Ploucptrl/ dlrlharll zcrigmcmt ¶l psmt ķ˅m ilhoa`so ar`fcptrcl ¶pl a ghst˖ g- A òlz˖ g dc t˖ g`crc ¶pl Igcptrso Cmcp`s gzgrc dlm mas-

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Zsbol`so ķ˅m`˖ gz˖ gt ¶˅ķmgt ķ˅m gdilrgt ¶lg ¶pl lsblrcg zcmtrs Igcptrs/ rc˅ķm`czc esrlap p˖ g trap)mcgp`˖ g dlm zgoic- @s g`clg¶pl zstcrml`˖ g ¶pl mcabl¶pmslt g bs`srlc/ `s g`clg¶pl `lsdgt˖ g cvgo)tgrc/ Igcptrso pc zrceg`c a pc`smd˖ g g `ķ˅mtg zc a ulagr g lignlmgr˖ g/ lgr gzal/ t ¶snslmds)¶pl bsxcoc eg`c sm pcim ist zsbol`sosl &

’ms cs psmt g`cog'‟,- Tats¶pl gògigt ¶lloc ciat ¶la)

mgoc `srn sosltar-

Gzal ķ˅m`czc rczctlt¶lg- Pc trc`/ egrg paolpt/ zgpgnlloc nrcoc dlm `coc trcl zlcpc dc@fgsppam/ Icmdcopafm/ Brgfip- Cmcp`s c sm ismtc dc cmcrnlc- Dg lmdl`gt¶lloc ķ˅m zolm

`˅ķmtc` go ar`fcptrcl/ `g dlmtr)sm trcm g``cocrgt8 namc¶ptc/ bgtc dlm zl`lagrc/ flslcrg/ `ķ˅mtgzgrtcg ularll ¶pl ua`cg pg zstcrml`g ¶pl tcistg gàzcrg ar`fcptrg-

@flgr Icmsflm---

Cmcp`s eg`c pcim `g g tcrilmgt Trcbslc pg ulmg Icmsflm Zsbol`so ķ˅pl trgnc mcruap

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Cmcp`s eg`c pcim `g g tcrilmgt- Trcbslc pg ulmg Icmsflm- Zsbol`so ķ¶pl trgnc mcruap

rgpsflgrcg- &G`si c g`si-,Cl/ dgr lgtg sm tķ˅mgr dc urca 0: dc gml ķ˅mglmt˅ķmd iogdlap pzrc zszltrso dlrlhargo- C

ķ˅ibrg`gt pabrs/ ķ˅mtr)a tsml`g dc `soagrc dcp`flpg- Dcol`gtct¶cg pg ecilmlmg c zgtrsmpgdc a flcvlblog eart¶g isp`sogrg- Sm mgp gùlolm; egt¶g dc a ersispct¶c igriarcl`g fcocmg/dgr zgtrsmpg dc a `godsrg licdlgtg/ pciltg- Zgrso ķ˅l c ngobcm `g nr˅ķso-

Zsbol`so gzogsdg egrg pg)¶pl dcg pcgig- Ml`l Icmsflm ms)¶pl dg pcgig--- Dgr ciat¶lgķ˅o `szrlmdc `˅ķmd Cmcp`s ķ˅o pgrstg zc ersmtc- Pc plitc lsblrcg lmtcmpg ¶pl tg`stg `grc)l

ocgng zc g`c¶ptl dal isxl`gmt¶l-Cmcp`s igl c ¶pl iķ˅mdrs ķ˅m egt¶g zsbol`sosl/ dc g`cpt s go pgs/ zc `grc ķ˅o zrcxlmtg-

Icmsflm pgostg ar`fcptrg ¶pl gzal/ dlp`rct ¶pl zrlm`lgr/ zsbol`so-

Pc ķ˅m`czc `s àm`crtso dc Icmdcoppafm- Icmsflm ķ˅m`fldc a`fll ¶pl `˅ķmtg--- Dlm `˅ķmd

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ķ˅m `˅ķmd zrlmtrc ncmc p`flibg zrlulrl isxl`goc ķ˅m`gr`gtc dc plizgtlc `s Cmcp`s-Ms eg`ci gl`l `raml`g isxl`gog g¶pg `g ms uai grgtg `si pc cvzrlig Icmsflm ķ˅m

zlcpcoc lmtcrzrctgtc- Egzt cptc `g isxl`g pg pc lizrlig `s ķ˅m`ctso zc ect¶coc cvtgxlgtcgoc pzc`tgtarloar-

@ķ˅md `˅ķmtg Zaciso dc @fgsppam zcmtrs g dasg agrg/ egric`so c lrcxlptlblo- Brgfipc ògdlt `grgildg `s `grgildg/ `s ghstarso osl Cmcp`s `grc c zraictcl`- Sm psfls ncmlgoķ˅mugoslc ķ˅mtrcgng àmptrs`t¶lc-

Og srig/ pc gzogsdg ķ˅m mc¶ptlrc--- Icmsflm isot¶sic¶ptc gigblo' Dc ķ˅mdgtg/ tatsopc p`flibg; Brgfip ¶pl @fgsppam ms igl cvlptg zcmtrs co; cvlptg msigl Cmcp`s--- L˅oķ˅màmhagrg zolm dc rcpzc`t/ dc nrlhg/ `s a lsblrc ¶pl a paol`ltsdlmc ciat¶lamgmtg- Cmcp`s cucpco `g sm zgrlmtc; c ¶pl iķ˅mdrs' Gògigt/ Icmsflm grgtg pzrc Cmcp`s ¶pl urcg pg zgrgzc zogmso dal; Cmcp`s/ dlizatrlug/ `gstg pg)o gds`g dc iķ˅mg ķ˅m egt¶g- Igl eg`c sm pcimmc˅ķmt¶cocp zsbol`sosl/ gzal ķ˅o lg zc Icmsflm dc iķ˅mg/ pgostg/ ķ˅¶pl lg rgigp bsm ¶pl zocg`g

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ķ˅izrcsmg-

UOGDLILR PAERAMLT¶ KL 03

L˅m ptgnlsmcg g`cgptg gi gplptgt og zgtrs rc`ltgoc goc osl Uogdlilr Paeramlt¶kl- G`cptigrc zlgmlpt rsp/ `grc)¶pl zgr`srnc g`si `co dc go ¶pgpcocg dc`cmls dc ulgt¶g- g eapt `sgml ķ˅m srig os`cgegrso zlgmlptl`ll paulctl`c-

L˅mglmtc dc ncmcrgt¶lloc Rl`ftcr/ Xgk/ Nflocop/ co crg smso dlm zrlmt¶ll zlgmsosl- G)d˅ķm`licg dc n˅ķmdlrc/ drgigtlpiso/ mct¶cg/ pzamtgmcltgtcg/ srlg¶pg tcfml`g zlgmlptl`g

03- 7<3< pgs 7<5:-

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‐ ķ˅mtr)sm `suķ˅mt igrcg osl eart¶g dc `rcgt¶lc/ ‐ l)gs gdsp sm zsbol` àmptgmt `grc o)gssrigrlt `s dcoltgtc ¶pl cmtsxlgpi dc xc`l dc gml dc xloc-

Sm lsbltar dc isxl`g dlm Iapàug il)g zaucptlt `si ķ˅m gmso 7<42 gsdlg ķ˅m igrcgpgog

’@cglkaupkl‟ rc`ltgococ osl Uogdlilr Paeramlt¶kl- Pgog mc˅ķm`goxltg ķ˅m zolmg lgrmg

&crgs iaicmtc `rltl`c goc rgxbalsosl, crg zolmg z˅ķmg og rcesx- L˅m Smlsmcg paulctl`g/ gms)t¶l ogpg zgotamso og ngrdcrabg c sm egzt dc mc`rcxst/ gzragzc a bgrbgrlc- Tats¶pl ķ˅mg`cg lgrmg mgzrgpml`g crg rcp` `g agicmll pg lmtrc ķ˅m pgog ķ˅ibrg`gt¶l ķ˅m ¶psbc ¶pl zķ˅pogrlnra¶pl &`c pc msicp`

’ugocmkl‟,- @cl `c)¶pl pàpcpcrg igms¶ploc/ ķ˅¶pl erc`gs iķ˅lmloc dc erln/

gbsrso rgpsflgrll ķ˅mnfct¶gtc g pzc`tgtarsosl zostcg zrlm erln-

Paeramlt¶kl gzgrcg tatdcgsmg ķ˅m erg` ¶pl crg ķ˅m`goxlt dc rcflc`tagrcoc `c osilmgs cp)trgdg- Zsbol`so gp`sotg `s gd˅ķm`g ciat¶lc; gzogsxcoc dcolrgmtc ķ˅o ķ˅m`goxcgs zc lmtcrzrctdszg c`grc zlcpg- Adgtg plrcmg psmg gogrig gcrlgmg; mlicml ķ˅mpg ms zgrgpl pgog/isxl`g es gp`sotgtg `s ķ˅mdaltg ķ˅màrdgrc--- L˅mtr)sm t˅ķrxls pc gsxl ¶pl ķ˅m`ctgrcg gogricl---

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¶

Gs trc`st ¶pgztcpzrcxc`c gml dc og dgtg ķ˅mt˅ķizogrloar zaucptltc dc lsbltarso dcisxl`g- Pzc`tgtarll igtsrl dc gtsm l gs ķ˅ibgtr˅ķmlt ‐ lgr `cl tlmcrl gs dcucmlt ig)tsrl- Paeramlt¶kl g ķ˅m`czst ¶pl co pg ķ˅ibgtrķ˅mcgp`g- Elnsrg osl c zst¶lm abapltg- Gi eaptciat¶lamgt ¶pl slilt z˅ķmg ķ˅m gdķ˅m`so psflctsosl ugxķ˅mds)o zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg agrg og smso dlmàm`crtcoc pgoc8 a cvzrcplc pabrg/ zst¶lm `gi trlptg `grc gp`smdc a igrc ersispct¶cogsmtrl`g ¶pl sricoc smcl ersispct¶l xl`c tlmcrc dlm trc`st- M)gi zstst ķ˅mt¶cocnc dg`g egt¶gosl cvzrlig g`cgptg bangt¶lc lmtcrlagrg/ pgs dlizatrlug/ pc ptrgdslc¶ptc p)a xgngdslgp`g-

Elnsrg ķ˅mgotg/ ptgtsgrg/ c g`si zst¶lm psztg ¶pl grc a gsptcrltgtc iamgfgog-Zgrc)pc/ `flgr ptloso lmtcrzrctgrll osl Paeramlt¶kl g icrp pzrc a igrc ¶pl rct¶lmstg lmtc)

rlarlxgrc- G`cpt grtlpt `grc ķ˅mtr)a plmnsrg `gmtlocmg/ ķ˅m `˅ķtcug gàrdsrl/ zrlmtr)a `soagrcdc tlibrc ķ˅t¶l dcp`fldc a osic ķ˅mtrcgng ¶pl)g gsptcrlxgt grtg z˅ķmg og gp`ctlpi/ ¶pl/ `˅ķt

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dc `srlagpg cptc g`cgptg ķ˅iblmgrc dc àmptrs`t¶lc ķ˅m igrc `s mct¶cg/ pzamtgmcltgtcg/dctgolcrcg psflctcgp`g `c àmtlmsg pg trglgp`g ķ˅m zlgmlptl`g osl Paeramlt¶kl'

G`si Paeramlt¶kl zrcecrg pg `ķ˅mtc ķ˅mtr)a pgog dc uaosi ilhoa`ls/ gu˅ķmd zgr`g pzgligzcmtrs pgoloc dc igrc rcxamgmt¶g/ `si c `cg g @ampcrugtarsosl- Smcarl `˅ķmtg ķ˅m gt)iapecrg pagpg ¶pl gzgpgtagrc g isxcsosl

’Pkrlgblm‟/ gàoa smdc g eapt `ķ˅mdug oa`slmt¶g

egmtgptsosl àizaxltar-

Gmso g`cptg Paeramlt¶kl g gust xc`c rc`ltgoc ķ˅m pgog’

@gpcl Agicmloar dc P¶tllmt¶g‟&`s `lm`l zranrgic/ rczctgtc og `crcrcg zsbol`sosl,- Og c`grc dlmtrc coc bloctcoc crgsu˅ķmdstc `s pgztgiķ˅ml ķ˅mglmtc dc àm`crt- Zcmtrs g gplptg og smcoc dlm g`cptc rc`ltgoc gtrcbslt pg lgs og r˅ķmd `gpcoc dc bloctc dlm ictraso Iapàucl-

Paeramlt¶kl ķ˅¶pl grc zsbol`so osl- Gl`l lmtrg tat¶l uc`fll ¶pl mall osl gdilrgtarl- Zrlmtrcmall gdilrgtarl psmt tat¶l tlmcrll zlgml¶ptl paulctl`l- Tat¶l g`cl ogsrcgt¶l gl àm`srpsrloarlmtcrmgt¶lamgoc zc `grc ķ˅l `smag¶ptci ķ˅m sotlill gml dlm pgog dc àm`crt pgs dlm rculptcoc

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¶ z ¶

dc pzc`lgoltgtc &smll dlmtrc cl psmt zcrpamgoltgt¶l earigtc/ bg eg` ¶pl zcdgnanlc zlgmlptl`g,‐ tat¶l g`c¶ptlg pc ķ˅mt˅ķomcp` og c`grc àm`crt go osl Paeramlt¶kl-

L˅mt˅ķlso rc`ltgo gucg sm zranrgi P`fsigmm8 nsrgs’

@am`crtso egrg ar`fcptrg‟/

’Krclpocrlgmg‟ ¶pl

’@grmgugoso‟- L˅m zaoleamlg rlnsragpg g p`rlltsrll dc zlgm p`fsigm)

mlcmc/ Paeramlt¶kl ¶ptlc pg pàgtg ķ˅m rcolce gdcpcg ms msigl sm bgpi lmcdlt ‐ iķ˅mg oslpt˅ķmng c zrcnmgmtg ‐ dgr ¶pl ua`loc lmtcricdlgrc/ dķ˅md isxl`ll a lizrcplc dc mastgtc-

’@grmgugoso‟/ `lòs dc igrc psfls earigt dlm zlcpc il`l/ ķ˅l àmulmc zlgmlptsosl `si ms

pc zagtc igl isot; `s lmtcoc`tso ¶pl isxl`goltgtcg osl/ dg a zcrzctsg lizrcplc dc mastgtc¶pl àmtlmsgrc-

Og rc`ltgoso srigtar/ zactso zlgmsosl eg`cg a trc`crc ķ˅m rculptg g pamgtcoar oslPkrlgblm- @lòso pamgtcoar g ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶pgt tagtc ctgzcoc lizartgmtc goc cuaost¶lcl àiza)

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xltarsosl- Z˅ķmg og Pamgtg g LLL)g/ coc pc rcplit dc zlgmlpiso raigmtl` ¶pl ķ˅m pzc`lgo dc@fazlm/ dc¶pl gizrcmtg àizaxltarsosl c icrcs plit¶ltg-

Pamgtg g LU)g cptc a trc`crc pzrc sm ptlo mas; gàoa zgrtcg ķ˅mt˅ķlg gds`c a igrcmastgtc dc àmt¶lmst ¶pl eg`tsrg zlgmlptl`g8 gtiapecrg psbolig dc olizldltgtc ptcogrgcptc cvzrligtg zrlmtr)a eg`tsrg igl àm`lpg/ `s sm rgmgicmt `rcp`st egt¶g dc ptlosogmtcrlar- L˅m sotlicoc pamgtc g`cgptg cuaost¶lc pc g``cmtscgxg ¶pl dlecrcmt¶lgxg dlm `c ķ˅m `cigl isot- Sotlicoc pamgtc dculm tat igl isot ml¶ptc zacic)egmtcxll-

Paeramlt¶kl/ `grc mc)g `˅ķmtgt `lm`l pamgtc/ pc plitc ķ˅m ogrnso osl ķ˅m g`cgptg isxl`g; comc àmds`c zrlm ogblrlmtso pkrlgblmlgm `s gd˅ķm`g àmulmncrc/ trgmpilt¶˅ķmd gsdltarlsosl/zc igpsrg `c ķ˅mglmtcgxg/ egp`lmgt¶ll-

Go trclocg rc`ltgo àmt¶lmcg isxl`g dc Zrakacu- Trcbslc pg igrtsrlpcp` `g a pcrlcdc zlcpc dc `grg`tcr &igr¶p/ rlngsdam/ nguatg ¶p-g-, dlm zrlig zcrlagdg g osl Zrakacuil pc zgr g`si plizolptc ¶pl zrcg zst¶lm `szrlmxgtagrc- Paeramlt¶kl ms oc)g zstst pgoug-

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L˅m 2: dc ’Ulxlsml esnltluc‟ ¶pl ķ˅mdcapcbl ķ˅m `lm`l ’Pgr`gpic‟/ zlgmlptso g eapt ig)nlptrgo- L˅m

’Ulxlsml‟ i)g ecric`gt g`ccg¶pl `gzg`ltgtc dc g dg smltgtc smcl ugrlctgt¶l dc

zlcpc il`l-’

Pgr`gpicoc‟ dlm zg`gtc ms psmt `smap`stc og mal ķ˅m Raig˅mlg- Coc psmt iglisot ml¶ptc lizraulxgt¶ll ķ˅m `grc pc ptrķ˅mnc ķ˅mtrcn nratcp`so ¶pl `grl`gtsrgoso osl Zrakacu-@s rcecrlrc og àmt¶lmstso smclg dlm g`cptc zlcpc/ gstarso pzsmcg `g smcarl `ccg `c mlpc zgrc dc dczgrtc ucpco/ pc grgtg g ķ˅m cpcmt¶g sm os`rs trlpt ¶pl ķ˅mtsmc`gt- G`cptczlcpc trcbslcp` `˅ķmtgtc ms msigl `s lramlc is¶p`gtagrc/ `l ¶pl `s a iardgmtg tcfml`g

zlgmlptl`g; gp`sotgtarso trcbslc pg glbg lizrcplg tatadgtg `g isxl`g pc lizraulxcgxgg`si ķ˅m egt¶g osl/ ķ˅m iaicmtso gsdlt¶lcl ‐ ¶pl Paeramlt¶kl p)g grgtgt g `co dc go dalocgàizaxltar go isxl`ll &¶pl ķ˅m smcoc iaicmtc--- ķ˅mt˅ķlso àizaxltar---,-

Pamgtg g >)g/ g`cgptg `gzadazcrg g osl Zrakacu/ g eapt rcdgtg ķ˅m tagtg àizocvl)

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tgtcg cl-Og sotliso rc`ltgo zc `grc o)gi gsxlt/ Paeramlt¶kl g lmtcrzrctgt isxl`g dc P`fs)

igmm/ @fazlm ¶pl Dcbspp|- Dszg’

Egmtgxlg‟ dc P`fsigmm g srigt’

Bgr`graog‟ ¶pldasg igxsr`l dc @fazlm- Zaoleamlg griaml`g g

’Bgr`graocl‟ g eapt rcdgtg `s cvzrcpl)

ultgtc lmcdltg- Igxsr`loc gs psmgt ilmsmgt; Paeramlt¶kl oc `˅ķmtg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg goteco/ dgrķ˅mtatdcgsmg lmpzlrgt ¶pl `rcgtar-

Trc`˅ķmd og Dcbspp|/ Paeramlt¶kl zgrcg sm got zlgmlpt/ ķ˅mtr)gt˅ķt dc mas crg psmctso

zlgmsosl/ gdilrgblo gdcùgt ’Zrcosdlloar‟ igrcosl àizaxltar ergm`cx--- ’Ualocp‟ ¶pl ’Ogooc gsv `fcucsv dc olm‟/ gs eapt `˅ķmtgtc `s sm ts¶pcs mas/ zragpzgt/ dlgegm; dlizatrlug/zlgmlptso g gtg`gt `s lramlc lm`lplug ¶pl bsm nspt dcpgu˅ķr¶plt zrcosdlloc)zgradll goc osl@ogsdc Dcbspp|-

Rc`ltgococ osl Paeramlt¶kl ķ˅il uar rgiķ˅mc mc¶ptcrpc ķ˅m gilmtlrc; gs eapt pcrl dc igrcbs`srlc grtlptl`g-

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@OGSDLA GRRGS8 PCGRG BCCTFAUCM 05

Zcmtrs ķ˅mtķ˅lso pgs rc`ltgo dc og Bs`src¶ptl/ rcmsiltso zlgmlpt `flolgm g go`gtslt smzranrgi iamaolt/ ogp˅ķmd `cosl dc)go dalocg àm`crt dlucrpltgtcg dc gstarl ¶pl ptlosrl- Dlmg`co ogmt¶ dc ismt¶l `grc c `lòso `coar 02 dc pamgtc zcmtrs zlgm dc Bcctfaucm/ Grrgs p)gazrlt og zgtrs dlm zlp`srloc `coc igl ķ˅mgotc8

’

Gzzgpplamgtg‟/ pamgtg

’

Gsrarg‟/ Pamgtg

ķ˅m og bciao az- 77: ¶pl Pamgtg ķ˅m da ilmar az- 777- Zranrgi ķ˅m`fcngt/ ķ˅m`fclgt/ `grslgigcptrso lmtcrzrct ms g urst pg)l gdgsnc ml`l a zlcpg dc blp-

05-’

Lmearigt¶lg Bs`src¶ptlsosl‟/ 75 pcztcibrlc 7<36-

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Gi g¶ptcztgt rc`ltgoso dc zlgm ‐ a igrtsrlpli ‐ ms msigl dlm darlmt¶g dc g rcgp`sotgisxl`g/ dgr ¶pl `s isotg `srlaxltgtc zcmtrs `ccg `c ug

’eg`c‟ @ogsdla Grrgs-

Rc`ltgoso g ķ˅mpcimgt zcmtrs mal a lmtcmpg dcpegtgrc ‐ ¶pl trcbslc pg pzsmci `g/gsxlmds)o/ gi sltgt darlmt¶g dc g srigrl `c

’eg`c‟ zlgmlptso- @ogsdla Grrgs ml o)g

rcptltslt ciat¶lamgo zc Bcctfaucm ķ˅m tagtg àizocvltgtcg osl ¶pl `s gt˅ķtg zstcrc dc àm)ulmncrc/ `s gt˅ķtg plizoltgtc ¶pl mgtsrgoct¶c/ `s gt˅ķt dlpzrct¶ zcmtrs cec`tso cvtcrlar/ ķ˅m`ķ˅tarl`c ķ˅m`cr`grc dc g srigrl ogtsrg tcfml`g ķ˅¶pl zlcrdcg raptso; pzlrltso crg olbcr g sr`g

ķ˅mgot¶liloc isxl`ll osl Bcctfaucm-

Gi ngplt ķ˅m @ogsdla Grrgs sm lmtcrzrct `c pc gflg og gzancso grtcl pgoc8 zcrec`t¶l)amgrcg àmtlmsg g dsp og zcrec`t¶lsmc/ igtsrltgtcg g ghsmp ķ˅mt¶cocz`lsmc- P¶tli ‐ ugl'`g ptgdlso g`cptg sotli go grtcl pc gtlmnc smcarl `s pg`rl`lso agrc`si blaoanl` gorabsptct¶cl ¶pl zrapzct¶lill/ `ccg `c/ dlm ecrl`lrc/ ms cptc `gxso `s Grrgs/ `g`l co pc gflg¶pl ķ˅m zocmltsdlmcg eart¶cl zlgmlptl`c- A grtg c`flolbrgtg/ zolmg dc ersispct¶c ¶pl gdķ˅m lic/

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zcrec`t mlpgtg-

L˅m lmtcrzrctgrcg Pamgtcl’

Gsrarg‟/ dlm zrlicoc tg`tc p)g ugdlt osilmaxltgtcg/ `go)dsrg/ dlptlm`t¶lg lmtcrzrctgrll- Zlgmlptso g grtl`sogt isxl`g ķ˅mtr)sm iad gzragzc p`gr)ogttlgm; cmsmt¶gtg/ gzrazlcrcg dc P`grogttl zgrc grtl`lgog; ķ˅m pgog ķ˅mpg crg sm egzt uls-Dc abl`cl/ ķ˅m pamgtg g`cgptg/ lmtcrzrctgrcg trgmpearig zrlig zgrtc ¶pl mgoso ķ˅m u˅ķrtchsrlpamarc/ ogp˅ķmd gdgnlaso icdlgm pg zostcgp`g dcgpszrg g`cptcl rcugrpgrl- Cl blmc/ Grrgsg lmtcrzrctgt cngo ķ˅mtrcgng pamgtg/ co g `˅ķmtgt tagtc `coc trcl zgrt¶l-

L˅m ’Gzzgpplamgtg‟ gi ngplt g`ccg¶pl àm`czt¶lc c`flolbrgtg/ paoldg- Ugrlgt¶lsmloc gm)dgmtcosl ms gs eapt ķ˅mugosltc ķ˅m marll dc zcdgoc `s `grc mc)gi abl¶pmslt8 lmtcrzrctgrcgg icmt¶lmst g`ccg¶pl plizoltgtc àm`cmtrgog/ ogpķ˅md isxl`g pg uarbcgp`g dc og plmc/ dcp)zslgtg dc g``cparlloc raigmtl`c- Elmgosrloc pamgtcoar

’Gsrarg‟ ¶pl

’Gzzgpplamgtg‟ l)gs

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rcs¶plt ilmsmgt osl Grrgs- @s sm gd˅ķm` plit¶ isxl`go &culdcmt/ `g rcxsotgt go smclķ˅mdcosmnl cogbargrl,/ grtlptso g ¶ptlst pg rcdcg g`cptar mgosrl bangt¶lg ¶pl ugrlctgtcg oar/¶pl/ ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz/ `grg`tcrso smltgr/ rc`tlolmls-

Pamgtg az- 77: g lizsp zrlm grfltc`tsrg cl ptr˅ķmpg/ zrlm ògdlrcg zcrec`tg ķ˅m tliz/zc tat zgr`srpso lmtcrzrctgrll- Zraesmdcoc rc`ltgtluc `grc ķ˅mpat¶cp` esng gs eapt rcdgtc`s ogàmlpi ¶pl rct¶lmcrc dcpgu˅ķr¶pltg/ lmd psbardamgtc grfltc`tsrll ncmcrgoc- L˅m Pamgtgaz- 777/ gmtltcxg dlmtrc zrlig zgrtc ¶pl psbolig

’

Grlcttg‟ g eapt ignlptrgo abt¶lmstg-

Ldccg zrlm`lzgog g goocnra)sosl g gust sm rcolce p`soztgt zgr`g dlm igtcrlgoso `co igl dsrzaplblo &egrg g pg`rl`g ‐ lgrg¶pl' ‐ ersispct¶cg ¶pl zcrec`t¶lsmcg,-

’Grlcttg‟/ g`cgptg zgnlmg

sml`g ķ˅m isxl`g smlucrpgog/ ķ˅m `grc nlmng¶plg pc smc¶ptc `s `cg igl igrc zraesmxlicoapa`g/ g eapt ilmsmgt lmtcrzrctgtg; zlgmlptso g eapt og ķ˅mgot¶licg `gzadazcrcl-

Rc`ltgoso dc gpcgrg g eapt a igmlecptgrc dc ķ˅mgotg grtg- Gi gsxlt sm Bcctfaucmrcdgt ķ˅m tagtg bangt¶lg ¶pl gizoagrcg pg- Ml p)g dgt sm Bcctfaucm ògpl`-

Dgr zrc`si grtg raigmtl`g mgptc ķ˅mtr sm eco maptgonlc dszg ògpl`lpi tat gpteco

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Dgr--- zrc`si grtg raigmtl`g mg¶ptc ķmtr)sm eco maptgonlc dszg ògpl`lpi/ tat gpteco

¶pl dcpguķ˅r¶plrcg ogpl g lp`g darlmt¶g àmtrgrlc- G`cgptg cptc a zrabocig `grc pc rldl`g msķ˅mtrs il`¶pargrcg grtcl ilmsmgtsosl isxl`lgm/ `l `grc pc lizsmc dc og ķ˅mgot¶licg `rcgt¶lclosl-

PULGTAPOGU RL@FTCR8 SM ZLGMLPT SML@ 0>

Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr cptc sm zlgmlpt ncmlgo/ gflgt ķ˅m gmll xcmltsosl dczolm go eart¶coar pgoc`rcgtagrc- Co g rgigp trcl xloc ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl d˅ķmds)mc trcl àm`crtc/ trcl igrl pgrbgtarl

0>-’

Isxl`g‟/ 7<5:-

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isxl`goc; gs eapt xloc dc ecbrg zcmtrs mal/ gp`sotgtarll-Zcrpamgo/ o)gi gsxlt dc isotc arl og Iapàug; crg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sosltar- Il pc

zgrc ķ˅mpg `g dlptlmn ķ˅m àm`crtcoc osl rc`cmtc `cug mas8 mcolml¶ptcg lmtcrlagrg/ `c)oķ˅mpat¶cg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg/ dculmc tat igl zstcrml`g/ tcizcrgtsrg og `grc

’os`rcgxg‟ ghsm)

nc og lm`gmdcp`cmt¶g/ gzragzc og zgravlpi- Ecbrg g`cgptg g iaolzplt rczcdc zsbol`somaptrs/ ghsmnķ˅md og sotliso àm`crt dc)g drcztso tsisotagpg-

Gtsm`l `˅ķmd sm grtlpt grdc ¶pl pc `fcotslc¶ptc og gpcicmcg lmtcmpltgtc/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd coecrl`c¶ptc `s gdcugrgt zc gp`sotgtarll pgl xu˅ķrolmds)oc igrngrltgrc og tat zgpso/ cptc nrcspg l pc eg`g a `rltl`g- Dg`g g¶p zact/ g¶p p`rlc igl dcnrgbg a adg-

Grtg osl Rl`ftcr ncmcrcgxg ķ˅mpg ill dc n˅ķmdsrl ¶pl)il ual zcriltc pg eg` dagr smcocàmptgtgrl/ egrg zrctcmt¶ll dc arlnlmgoltgtc/ dc goteco- A rcigr`gblog `˅ķmtgrcgt¶g pzsmcgdszg zrliso rc`ltgo `g g ķ˅mugt¶gt licmp dlm g`cpt àm`crt; gi ķ˅mt¶cocp)a dc ķ˅mdgtg/ `g`larl`c isxl`lgm/ c co àizaxltar/ zlgmlpt/ `˅ķmtgrct¶ pgs got`cug ķ˅mugt¶g dlm gpcicmcg

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igmlecptgrc; `rcd/ dc goteco/ `g g`cgptg zrluc¶ptc ms msigl zc isxl`lgm `l ¶pl zc ai-Rl`ftcr cptc lmtcrzrct zrlm cv`cocmt¶g- Icdlso osl mgtsrgo cptc zsbol`so- @rcd `gdlp`so `co igl bsm `s Rl`ftcr pc zagtc abt¶lmc ķ˅m pgog dc àm`crt ¶pl ms ķ˅m ptsdla; gr nrcs pg ml)o ķ˅m`flzsli lizrliķ˅md

’Gzzgpplamgtg‟ bs`gt¶l`g `s bs`gt¶l`g/ pcoc`tķ˅md

ergnicmtcoc igl rcs¶pltc ķ˅m olml¶ptcg ptsdlasosl/ sltķ˅mds)pc t¶lmtg og il`raeam- Zsbol`so ķ˅ogzrlmdc ¶pl ķ˅l `rccgxg g`cg olml¶ptc lmtcrlagrg/ g`cg plnsrgmt¶g dcpgu˅ķr¶pltg `grc ķ˅o eg`c pgcuaoscxc og ķ˅mgot¶lil isxl`goc gict¶ltagrc-

Rl`ftcr ms c grtlptso `grc ¶poceslc¶ptc os`rgrcg ķ˅m zrcgogblo/ a gds`c og ptgrcg dcdcpguķ˅r¶plrc ķ˅izlctrltg ķ˅m ogbargtar ¶pl a rczctg gzal og c`grc àm`crt `s càmailc dceart¶c ¶pl rct¶lmcrc aolizl`g/ g`tarl`cgp`g- Zat¶l `smag¶ptc `˅ķt pc zagtc dc blmc os`rgrcg dl)mglmtc; lizrcplg dc mastgtc c lmcultgblog- Zsbol`so grc àmulmncrcg dczolmg `g os`rgrcg

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pc `rccgxg og àm`crt/ ķ˅m zrcxcmt¶g osl; grtlptso ms ’rcdg‟/ `l `rccgxg `cug `grc ms geapt p`rlp ķ˅mglmtc- @rcd `g isot¶l dlmtrc pzc`tgtarl gs rcflc`tgt gp`sot˅ķmds)o zc Rl`ftcr/og g`cgptg ilrg`soagpg dlgoc`tl`g dlmtrc `lxcogrcg gmtcrlagrg ¶pl dlpzaxlt¶lg `rcgtagrc giaicmtsosl/ cvzrligtg `s gt˅ķtg zrcnmgmt¶g ķ˅m grtg igrcosl zlgmlpt-

Egrg ķ˅mdalgog/ cogbargrcg gmtcrlagrg cptc nlngmtl`g; p)g uarblt dcpcarl dc zstcrcg mc)abl¶pmsltg dc os`rs g osl Rl`ftcr; ķ˅m egzt/ grtlptso ism`c¶ptc egrg ķ˅mtrcrszcrc/ `s ecruagrc-Zrabgblo `g os`rcgxg ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz og isotc zlcpc/ ķ˅mglmt˅ķmd gpteco isxl`goicmtc zc

sm eramt ogrn- Tats¶pl grtlptso g`cptg `grc mc dg gt˅ķtcg lmtcrzrctgrl zcrec`tc/ ms `smag¶ptczcrec`t¶lsmcg/ tlmx˅ķmd pzrc cg `s ciat¶lamgmtg mcisot¶silrc dc plmc- Rl`ftcr c sm grtlptķ˅m àmtlmsg il¶p`grc/ c`grc dlm àm`crtcoc osl c dagr sm iaicmt ķ˅m esrtsmaps)l icrpķ˅mglmtc-

Og zrliso ¶pl go dalocg rc`ltgo/ co g `˅ķmtgt bgogdg g dasg dc @fazlm/ ogpķ˅md dc c`grcdgtg a gotg lizrcplc/ og eco dc àzoc¶pltagrc-&Dc)gr gmsmt¶gt gotc rc`ltgosrl/ o)gi

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srigrlt `s tat¶ll icrcs ķ˅m drsiso pgs/ taìgl zcmtrs lizrcplg zstcrml`g dc lmcdlt ogc`grc àm`crt-, C nrcs dc pzsp ķ˅m `c àmptg dlecrcmt¶g `coar dasg lmtcrzrctgrl- Og eco/gi gsxlt dcisot og Iapàug zc bgmdg dc ignmctaeam

’Ta``gtg‟ dc P`fsigmm blpgtg

og g`cog¶pl àm`crt; g dasg ucrplsmc crg gotg dc`˅ķt zrlig-

Ms zat àm`czc sm grtlpt `s igl zstcrml plit¶ go zadlsisosl/ go zsbol`sosl; cec`tcocosl drgigtl`c xn˅ķot¶˅ķlc agicmll zrcxcmt¶l ķ˅m pgog- Trc`crcg og ldccg pc`smdgrg ķ˅m bgogdg gdasg/ dszg dlilmscmda zc matg Og mc)g eg`st pg trcpgrli zc tat¶l ķ˅m pgog/ og c`grc dlm

`coc dasg lmtcrzrctgrl- Rl`ftcr c igcptrso àmtrgptcoar ulaocmtc- Ulxsgoso ķ˅¶pl grc raosopgs ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g; got¶l zlgml¶ptl

’zrcngtcp`‟ trc`crcg zrlm nrligpc ¶pl ķ˅màrdgrc;

Rl`ftcr cvc`stg g`cpt àmtrgpt egrg ml`l a zrcngtlrc/ gbrszt `s dcpguķ˅r¶plrc/ rcd˅ķmd gptecocvg`t pcmpso zplfaoanl` go p`flibgrll/ `grc trcbslc pg c psrzrlmxgtagrc/

’mczrcngtltg‟-

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Og eco/ `rcp`cmdasrloc osl ķ˅m Bcctfaucm; ķ˅m gegrg dc `rc¶ptcrcg trcztgtg abl¶pmsltg/ Rl`ftcrdg a `rc¶ptcrc dc`lplug/ ulaocmtg/ ķ˅m sotlig erg`t¶lsmc dc pc`smdg; g`ccg cptc taìglzl`gtsrg `grc sizoc zgfgrso-

Ulrtsaxltgtcg tcfml`g hag`g blmcķ˅mt¶cocp sm rao srlg¶p ķ˅m grtg osl- Ulrtsaxltgtcg oslRl`ftcr c ms msigl lizc`gblog ¶pl dc igrc gmucrnsrg/ `l dc)g drcztso tltgml`g- L˅mulmnķ˅mdarl`c zrabocic tcfml`c/ zlgmlptso ķ˅t¶l dg lizrcplg `g ml`l ms p)g osztgt `s coc-

Ulrtsaxltgtcg dculmc lxuarso lmtcmp dc bs`srll cptctl`c `grc dczg¶pcp` pecrg pzc`tg)`soapsosl- Zrlm tcfml`g igvlig gdcugrgtg/ cptc colbcrgt drsiso pzrc isxl`g; osztg `sògzcoc zlgmsosl cptc ķ˅moa`sltg zrlm osztg `s igtcrlgoso isxl`go zrazrls)xlp; igrcg tcf)ml`g colbcrcgxg dc tlrgmlg cl zc grtlptso `grc grc dc àisml`gt ldcl lizartgmtc- G`cgptgpc plitc eagrtc zstcrml` ķ˅m grtg osl Rl`ftcr-

Gp`sot˅ķmds)o/ pzc`tgtarso grc sm pcmtlicmt dc plnsrgmt¶g gbpaostg; ¶pl ¶ptli dagr/ `gnrlhg zcmtrs zcmlblococ

’`flvsrl‟ psbilmcgxg `coc igl cocugtc dcpegtgrl cptctl`c-

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Egrg pg zat daucdl ķ˅mdcgzragzc/ `rcd `g tcfml`g osl Rl`ftcr grc sm `grg`tcr `statso pzc`l` ¶pl lmliltgblo/ lmd gdgztgtg zcrec`t tcizcrgicmtsosl ¶pl arngmlpisoslpgs- Zrabgblo `g ķ˅m lmtcrcpso `gmtlocmcl/ grtlptso ulaocgxg dlnltgt¶lg trgdlt¶lamgog/ zcmtrs gabt¶lmc ocngta `s ilhoag`c zcrpamgoc- Dg`g egt¶g osl lmpzlrgtg cptc `s tatso pabrg/ gzragzcliablog/ gmpgiboso dc il¶p`grl goc iķ˅lmloar ¶pl àrzsosl grc oanl`g pg lmtcrlagrg- Isotcpsmctc ķ˅m zlgmlpplia psmt gtg`gtc zcrzcmdl`sogr/ `ccg `c og got¶l cvc`stgmt¶l gr ds`c ogmsgmt¶g dc eartc - Dc goteco ms c ps`lcmt g uarbl ķ˅m `gxso dc egt¶g dcpzrc ulrtsaxltgtc

ucoa`c/ `l ¶pl dc igrcg ptgz˅ķmlrc g `goltgt¶loar dc psmct &tlibrc/ ts¶pcs ct`-, Pamgtg oslFg|dm/ `grc mc`cpltg a tcfml`g icdlc/ g eapt cvc`stgtg `s a tcfml`ltgtc pszcrlagrg/`grc ms t¶lmc ķ˅mpg/ blmcķ˅mt¶cocp/ dc cvflblt¶lc-

L˅mdcapcbl cvc`stgrcg ptsdlloar dc @fazlm mc)g grgtgt `si ulrtsaxltgtcg’

dculmc‟

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lignlmc grtlptl`g- L˅mpg¶pl cpcmt¶g ptsdlloar cptc cvzrligrcg ldcll zrlm ulrtsaxltgtc- Elc`grcptsdls grc a plmnsrg ldcc isxl`gog ¶pl a gmsiltg zrabocig tcfml`g- Igrct¶lg oar àmptgķ˅m egztso `g ldccg c cvzrligtg dc àizaxltar ¶pl zagtc rcdgtg dc lmtcrzrct taìglzrlm rcxaougrcg `˅ķt igl dczolmg g zrabocicl tcfml`c- Ptsdlloc osl @fazlm psmt isxl`gdc ķ˅mgotg `goltgtc- Taìgl g`l gi plit¶lt zc uls og àm`crt `si ulrtsaxltgtcg dculmcldcc/ grtg- G`cgptg ms pc rcecrg msigl og ptsdlloc rczcxl- Ptsdlloc dc eart¶g/ dc cvcizosķ˅m da ighar ¶pl da ilmar gs eapt lmtcrzrctgtc dc Rl`ftcr zrlmtr)a cvgotgrc tltgml`g g

eart¶cl- &Cvc`stgrcg oar ķ˅m blpso rc`ltgososl Bcctfaucm g eapt sm g`t tcicrgr/ `grc mcgrgtg `g Rl`ftcr gr zstst pg `ķ˅mtc ķ˅m`g isotc arc ķ˅m àmtlmsgrc,- Ptsdlloc ķ˅m il ighar¶pl da dlcx ilmar &gibcoc ķ˅m Ocmta, gs eapt `˅ķmtgtc `s a igrc tcfml`g g psmctsosl/ `sulrtsaxltgtc dczolmg g `gmtlocmcl/ `grc ds`cg og plizol`ltgtcg ¶pl lma`cmt¶g ncmlgog g ldcllisxl`goc- Ptsdlloc dc ucoa`ltgtc ‐ og ilmar ¶pl `co ķ˅m tcrt¶c &pao dlcx ilmar, ‐ gs dspucoa`ltgtcg og igrnlmcg zaplblososl-

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Dc¶pl ptgz˅ķm dczolm go ulrtsaxltgt¶ll zlgmlptl`c/ zc `grc a zagtc eaoapl arl`˅ķmd `s ’àia)dltgtc‟ co a trgmpearig `˅ķmd grc mcualc/ ķ˅m cocicmt dc cvzrcplc pzc`tg`soap; lmòsxķ˅md smrlp` ķ˅m lmtcrzrctgrc/ icrn˅ķmd zgr`g zc bsxg zrgzgptlcl/ co lg tcizl `grc tglc rgpsflgrcg;¶ptll `g plnsrgmt¶g tcfml`g c dcpgu˅ķr¶pltg/ dgr tc ķ˅mtrcbl egrg pg urcl `si ug zstcg ds`c ogbsm peķ˅r¶plt zlcpg ķ˅m tcizaso osgt- G¶pg p)g ķ˅mtķ˅izogt/ dc goteco/ ¶pl ķ˅m mgoso ‐ igl gocpķ˅m àdg

’Gzzgpplamgtcl‟- Og Rl`ftcr ķ˅mpg/ tcfml`g cptc icrcs

’gbparbltg‟ dc isxl`g/

pc trgmpearig òlzg dc òlzg ķ˅m cvzrcplc-

Rl`ftcr tc eg`c pg tc n˅ķmdc¶ptl og dlgoc`tl`g dlmtrc tcfml`g &ilhoag`c dc cvzrcplc, ¶plàmt¶lmst ķ˅m grtg-

Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr mc)g `˅ķmtgt isotg isxl`g dc @fazlm- Rczcrtarlso g`cptsl igrc

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zlgmlpt lmd mcabl¶pmslt dc ogrn06

gzragzc cngo dc igcptrs ptgz˅ķmlt/ Rl`ftcr ms cptcmsilt dc abl`cl

’`fazlmlpt‟- Dgr `˅ķmd ķ˅o gp`sot¶l `˅ķmt˅ķmd dlm @fazlm/ t¶l pc zgrc sm

lmtcrzrct `fazlmlgm zrlm cv`cocmt¶g-

Gi uarblt igl psp dcpzrc Ptsdll ¶pl g¶p urcg pg lmplpt g`si gpszrg bgogdcoar- @c)oc zgtrs bgogdc psmt ķ˅m egzt zgtrs igrl pamgtc/ zgtrs igrl zacic isxl goc- Gmgolxgcvzol`g `ccg `c gsdlt¶lg mc psncrcgxg8 bgogdcoc psmt `gzadazcrc dc drgigtsrnlc isxl)`gog- Smltgtcg earicl `s àmt¶lmstso/ psbardamgrcg tstsrar dctgolloar ķ˅mtrcnsosl/ oc dg

a griamlaxltgtc ògpl`g/ `s tagtg ugrlctgtcg/ bg `flgr ulaocmt¶g dc àmtrgptc lmtcrlag)rc- Isxl`g osl @fazlm g lmtrgt ķ˅m src`fcg tstsrar/ dc g`ccg igrloc osl ķ˅mdrgxmcol ¶pllmaugt¶ll `grc zstcgs zgrcg gotg dgtg ptķ˅mng`ll/ gs dcucmlt gxl bgmgoltgt¶l/ trc`ķ˅md/ dlmzg`gtc/ mcabpcrugtc zcmtrs smll- @cl `c ugd ķ˅m @fazlm dagr sm ulpgtar zrcecrg dlmazcrg osl Ma`tsrmcoc ¶pl Igxsr`loc &dc¶pl ml`l g`cptcg ms l)gr ķ˅mdrltsl pg)o ngpcgp`g zc@fazlm iaogtl`,- Dgr pamgtcoc ¶pl bgogdcoc psmt gdcugrgtcoc osl plieamll; ķ˅m coc @fazlmtrc`c og anolmdlrcg smar lignlml àizocvc `s lmtcrg`t¶lsml àizol`gtc/ plieaml`c- G`l

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n n z ¶ z /

pc dcxugoslc ¶pl ogtsrg lmtcoc`tsgog &zcrec`t isxl`gog ķ˅mpg, g osl @fazlm- Lmtcrzrctsog`cptar os`rgrl ms zagtc dagr sm zact/ sm pzamtgm/ co trcbslc p g rcdcg drgig/ pgàmptrslgp`g- L˅m tagtc g`cptcg Rl`ftcr g eapt ncmlgo/ daucdlmds)mc `g grtg pg dc lm)tcrzrct dczg¶pc¶ptc ms msigl ulrtsaxltgtcg ‐ dgr ¶pl pcmxgt¶lg ¶pl `soagrcg/ pcmtlicmtso¶pl ldccg/ lmd sm igrc drgigtsrn isxl`go/ àmptrs`tar go smar gr`srl igrl isxl`goc/zcrec`t ķ˅mtlmpc ¶pl ķ˅màrdgtc zc tagtg ķ˅mtlmdcrcg- Co g psbardamgt icrcs dctgolso olmlcl

06- Sm isxl`lgm `g Rl`ftcr ms os`rcgxg dcplnsr zlcpc lxaogtc/ `l cogbarcgxg dlmtr)a dgtg ķ˅mtrcnloltcrgtsrl zlgmlptl c8 tagtc pamgtcoc osl Bcctfaucm/ 46 zrcosdll ¶pl Esnl dc Bg`f/ tagtc zrcosdlloc dcDcbspp|/ ķ˅mtrcn @fazlm ct`- C sm eco dc cvcr`ltgrc g zstcrll dc plmtcxg dlm `grc cvtrgnc ptloso ncmcrgo¶pl `grc ghstg ngplrll tamsosl pzc`l` c`grcl zlcpc ķ˅m zgrtc-

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igrl/ egrg g rcmsmt¶g ķ˅mpg og pguagrcg c`grsl iaicmt/ d˅ķmd c`grsl iaicmt zgrtl`sogrsm pcmp zrazrls dgr ¶pl smso ncmcrgo; zcmtrs g`cpt zlgmlpt ms cvlptg zgpghc mcstrc &˅ķmpzc`lgo ķ˅mtr)a isxl`g zrc`si bgogdcoc osl @fazlm,; co ķ˅m`goxc¶ptc ¶pl ķ˅mpsflct¶c¶ptc tatso-

Bgogdcoc l)gs zcrilp igrcosl zlgmlpt pg mc rcdcg zc @fazlm ķ˅m tagtg àizocvltgtcgosl &nķ˅mdlrc ¶pl g`t¶lsmc/ ulpgrc ¶pl àmtrgptc/ pzlrlt àmtcizogtar ¶pl gu˅ķmt rcuaost¶lamgr,;zrlm g`cgptg Rl`ftcr pc grgtg ms msigl igrc lmtcrzrct/ `l ¶pl dcptalml` dlp`lzao go ¶pàollzlgmlptl`c rspc-

Zagtc `g smarg/ `grc ķ˅m iad zcmlblo dczrc`lgxg zc @fazlm/ ol p)g zgrst `g Rl`ftcr

’dczg¶pc¶ptc‟ zc @fazlm/ eg`c

’igl isot dc`˅ķt trcbslc‟/

’lcpc dlm ptlo‟- Dszg ilmc c a

cmarig cragrc- Mc)g zog`st ķ˅m `coc dlm srig ķ˅mps¶pl @fazlm ķ˅mtrs`ķ˅t `g igrc lmtcrzrctRl`ftcr g ¶ptlst pg dcxugoslc ķ˅mtrcgng ersispct¶c g bgogdcoar/ g ¶ptlst pg oc tagrmc dlmtr)abs`gtg- Il)gr nrcs pg cmsigr dctgoll- Smso dlm iaicmtcoc cvtrgardlmgrc g eapt àdgbgogdcl g 4)g `grc c sm dcxmadgiķ˅mt trgnl` go ķ˅mtrcnll os`rgrl; eg`tsrg zlgmlptl`g ài)zocvg cvtrci dc dlucrpg pl nrcg tcfml`cptc cvzrlig a zrgbsplrc dszg cocugtg rczrlxg g

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zocvg/ cvtrci dc dlucrpg ¶pl nrcg tcfml`c¶ptc cvzrlig a zrgbs¶plrc dszg cocugtg rczrlxg gldcll pc`smdc; og Rl`ftcr g`cgptg zrgbs¶plrc `gzgtg zrazart¶ll tcrlbloc/ pc zrc`lzltg z˅ķmgog cvzoaxlc &dlm `grc pgrcgs t¶gmdgrloc,/ dcucmcg `strcisrgtar dc gizog-

@am`crtso Bcctfaucm &gbardgt z˅ķmg og azsp 3>,/ c zcmtrs mal ‐ dc gpcicmcg ‐ dcmcsltgt- Ms tagtc pamgtcoc gs eapt `soil dc `rcgt¶lc bcctfaucmlgmg/ dgr Rl`ftcr g ¶ptlstpg gzrlmdg c`grc ergnicmt/ `g`l zcmtrs co ms cvlptg zgpghc mcstrc- Lmtcrzrctso mc)grcdgt sm Bcctfaucm lmtcnrs/ zolm dc cmcrnlc ¶pl gu˅ķmt rcuaost¶lamgr; zraesmd sigm/ dgr

egrg pcmtlicmtgolpic; àm`cmtrgt ¶pl ogàml - I)g lizrcplamgt rltil`g dcpeg¶psrgtg dcRl`ftcr/ `s plmàzcoc cl cvtrci dc zstcrml`c &icrcs ķ˅m osztg `s tlizso tgrc,/ `s g`cgàizocvg ptrs`tsrg gnanl`g `c dgdcg isxl`ll sm rcolce dcapcblt/ a ulgt¶g `˅ķt pc zagtc dczrcnmgmtg/ eg`ķ˅md)a pg trcg`g rgizg `s gt˅ķtg ucfcicmt¶g-

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Igr¶pso esmcbrs go pamgtcl ķ˅m og bciao i)g lizrcplamgt ķ˅m iad dcapcblt; ķ˅m egzt coms c igl isot dc`˅ķt a p`flt¶g dc isxl`g esmcbrg/ egrg gzraesmdgrc icoadl`g; Rl`ftcrl)g dgt àmplptcmt¶g ¶pl igrct¶lc dgotslmds)o zgr`g ķ˅m zlgtrg &˅ķmdcab¶ptc Bcctfaucm g eaptlmtcrzrctgt `s igrct¶lc p`soztsrgog,; mgoso pamgtcl g zgrst dszg g`cgptg a colbcrgrcdlm ptr˅ķmpsrg lizog`gblog g mcil¶p`grll esmcrgrc-

’Gzzgpplamgtg‟ g eapt rc`rcgtg ķ˅mtr)sm iad ķ˅mtr)gdcugr dc mcsltgt; tcmplsmcg g eapt

igvlig dc og zrlig og sotlig igpsrg- Ulaocmt¶g àmtrgptcoar ķ˅m gtiapecrg ncmcrgog

pabrg/ rgiķ˅mc dc mcsltgt- Ms)il zat ķ˅m`flzsl a lmtcrzrctgrc igl ciat¶lamgmtg g g`cptclpamgtc-

Dszg g`cgptg pcgrg dc Bcctfaucm/’

Lizraizts‟)so dc P`fsbcrt ml p)g zgrst a àm)tlmsgrc rcgp`g; Rl`ftcr g eg`st dlm co a msucog- Lgr

’Gu˅ķmt‟ dc P`fsigmm g àmptltslt

ķ˅mpg¶pl psrzrlxg gzgrlt¶lcl raigmtlpisosl `cosl igl cvzgmplu ¶pl pzamtgm zaplblo-

L˅m`fcl g`cptc esngrc pzl`slrl-

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@am`crtcoc osl Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr mc)gs dgt a pgtlpeg`t¶lc grtlptl`g dlmtrc `coc iglàizocvc ¶pl igl dczolmc- L˅mtrcgng ngig g olrlpisosl dc og `co igl mcilhoa`lt og `coigl rgmgt/ dc og `co igl psgu og `co igl ulaocmt/ ptgz˅ķmlrcg tstsrar ilhoag`coar dccvzrcplc ¶pl eaoaplrcg oar ldcgo gdcùgtg/ cmtsxlgpiso `rcgtar dc c`c òlzg mc)gs eg`stpg àm`czci `g igvlic g`cptc dcpegtgrl grtlptl`c- Dc g`ccg ķ˅o àmpldcrgi igrc ¶pl sml`;ms mc zstci darl a lmtcmpltgtc dc lmtcrzrctgrc zlgmlptl`g igl igrc-

Rl`ftcr c sml` ¶pl tatadgtg zraesmd rczrcxcmtgtlu- Co c sm igrc cvzamcmt go ¶pàoll

zlgmlptl`c rspc ¶pl paulctl`c- Zrlm zocmltsdlmcg rcgolptg g lmtcrzrctgrloar pgoc/ zrlmtr)apcgig ķ˅mtrcgng dc trgpgtsrl &smcoc zaicmltc igl psp, Rl`ftcr c ocngt dc g`cgptg ¶pàgog-L˅m srig pg ptgs Rsblmptclm/ Rg`figmlmau ¶pl Pkrlgblm/ Xloattl ¶pl Zrakacu/ Lnsimau¶pl Paeramlt¶kl/ zraecparso pgs Mcsfgsp- @g arl`c igrc ¶pl gdcugrgt cvzamcmt dc ¶pàgog/

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co c gd˅ķm` zcrpamgo ¶pl dczg¶pc¶ptc ¶pàgog ķ˅ibangt¶lmd)a `s ugoarl mal-@rcdci/ dc goteco/ `g Rl`ftcr c rczrcxcmtgtlu ¶pl zcmtrs urcicg magptrg/ ķ˅m ncmcrgo; co

cptc a ugoagrc zlgmlptl`g ¶pl isxl`gog `grc zagtc poshl drczt àizgrgt¶lc `s ugoarloc gotarcza`l/ gotar pcàoc `flgr- Lmàmtcptgblo/ Rl`ftcr grc sm ptlo iadcrm/ àmtcizargm ķ˅m lm)tcrzrctgrc/ `grc ķ˅mpg ms cvòsdc ptlosrloc uc`fl/ `l igl dcnrgbg oc lmòsdc/ gdgsnķ˅mds)ocugoarl mal pzc`l`c cza`ll magptrc- L˅m pcmpso g`cptg ms àmtcpt `g co

’dczg¶pc¶ptc‟ zc @fa)

zlm/ igl blmc xlp dczg¶pc¶ptc mat¶lsmloc smarg dcpzrc @fazlm- Dc `c m)gr g¶pg1 Trgdlt¶lg

mcķ˅ibangt¶ltg iagrc/ dculmc liltgt¶lc ptcrlog ¶pl bs`fcrlptl`g- Rl`ftcr zsmc gizrcmtg zs)tcrml`g g urcill magptrc gu˅ķmtgtc gpszrg lmtcrzrctgrll osl @fazlm/ ķ˅l dg nrgmdloaùcmt¶gogàml`g/ àmtrgptc igl gbrsztc pzc`l`c smcl cza`l mal/ zolmc dc m gxslmt¶c ¶pl rcgolxgrlrcuaost¶lamgrc; ķ˅m lmtcrzrctgrloc pgoc pc rcplitc egztso `g pcmplbloltgtcg magptrg g trc`st¶pl zrlm igl isotc gotc mal `srcmtc grtlptl`c- Ms `rcd `g g`cptg c sm ecmaicm mcngtlu;dlizatrlug' G¶pg icrnc grtg ķ˅mglmtc-

Pg)l isot¶sili osl Rl`ftcr zcmtrs mcsltgtcoc xloc dc isxl`g dgrsltc zrlm zrcxcmt¶g ¶pl

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grtg pg ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl' Pg)l pzsmci og rcucdcrc zcmtrs a dgtg `ķ˅t igl gzrazlgtg ¶pl a ¶pcdcrc`˅ķt igl ķ˅mdcosmngtg ķ˅mtrc mal- Darli pg gsxli ķ˅m lmtcrzrctgrcg pg isotc gotc os`rgrl-Gi bs`sra¶pl pg gds`g og Bs`src¶ptl isxl`g osl Pkrlgblm/ `grc cptc ķ˅m`g lmps`lcmt`smap`stg/ igrloc pamgtc goc osl Zrakacu/ zrcosdlloc ¶pl esnloc osl P¶aptgkaul`l ¶pl isotcgotc os`rgrl zc `˅ķt dc ncmlgoc/ zc gt˅ķt dc ncmlgo lmtcrzrctgtc dc co-

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DASG RC@LTGOSRL CVTRGARDLMGRC 0<

Ptgnlsmcg isxl`gog ķ˅m`czstg ķ˅m tagimg trc`stg `s zgrtl`lzgrcg osl Pulgtapogu Rl`f)tcr ķ˅m `gdrso lmtcrmgt¶lamgo

’Ncarnc Cmcp`s‟ g eapt ķ˅m`smsmgtg g`si dc dasg rc`ltgosrl

goc pgoc- C a igrc bs`srlc g)o zrlil zc Rl`ftcr dc dasg arl ķ˅mtr)sm gm ‐ ¶pl `gzltgococisotar t¶grl mc)gr lmuldlg ‐ dgr g`cptg cptc/ dcplnsr/ sm zrlulocnls go zrlctcmloar- Igrcoczlgmlpt paulctl` grc g`l/ zrlmtrc mal/ ill ¶pl ill dc zrlctcml mc`smap`st¶l/ ngtg arl`˅ķmd pg

osztc/ zcmtrs bloctc og àm`crtcoc pgoc- Dc g`ccg pc zagtc pzsmc ` g co g `˅ķmtgt ķ˅m egt¶g gdasg ill dc rczrcxcmtgmt¶l gl gdilrgtarloar pgl-

Dg`g og ķ˅m`czstso ptgnlsmll Rl`ftcr g lmtcrzrctgt’

Bsrocp`g‟ dc Rl`fgrd Ptrg)spp/ g`si co mc)g gdsp dasg zranrgic eagrtc àizocvc/ `grc gs `crst zgrtl`lzgrcgķ˅màrdgtg/ `rcgtagrc g zsbol`sosl- Zcmtrs g`cgptg ķ˅l isot¶sili dlm zolm mc˅ķmtrc`stsoslgrtlpt- L˅m gmpgibos/ oa`so `co igl lizartgmt ķ˅m g`cptc zranrgic o)gs a`szgt os`rgrlocàizaxltarloar dlm pcàoso maptrs- P¶l/ ķ˅m tliz `c go dalocg rc`ltgo zsmcg g``cmtso zc

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ogtsrg dc dcpegtgrc g isxl`ll/ zrliso ‐ gu˅ķmd `g zsm`tc `cmtrgoc pamgtc dc Flmdciltf¶pl Zrakacu ‐ paol`ltg a igrc àm`cmtrgrc dc ardlm `crcbrgo g zsbol`sosl-

Zcmtrs ķ˅mt˅ķlg dgtg gi gsxlt a os`rgrc zlgmlptl`g dc Flmdciltf &zracilmcmt ài)zaxltar ncrigm àmtcizargm,/ zrcxcmtgtg ms msigl

’lmearigtlu‟/ ms msigl blmc/ `l

cvtrgardlmgr- Rl`ftcr g p`soztgt)a ķ˅m psmctc dc bramx/ zsm˅ķmd ķ˅m rcolce ocngtsrloc clptlolptl`c `s grtg natl`g- L˅m `gmtlocmc/ co ms p)g plt pg psbolmlcxc ¶pl ķ˅mrsdlrloc `s grtgigrloar àizaxltarl raigmtl`l ncrigml-

Zgrtcg g dasg g rc`ltgososl g eapt ķ˅m`flmgtg osl Zrakacu/ ògpl` go isxl`ll paulctl`c/àizaxltar ògpl` go pcàososl VV/ gstarso smclg dlm `coc igl lizsm gtagrc azcrc zlg)

0<-’

P`˅ķmtclg‟/ 7> lsmlc 7<52-

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mlptl`c dlm sotlicoc dc`cmll- Dszg nrszg dc xc`c ’Ulxlsml esnltluc‟ ķ˅m `grc g`t¶lsmcg ¶plulpso/ iķ˅mn˅ķlcrcg ¶pl nratcp`so pc ķ˅iblmg ilrg`soap/ dszg `˅ķtcug zlcpc il`l &Dgmp/ Ugop/Nguatg,/ Rl`ftcr gtg`g smg dlm `gzadazcrcoc osl Zrakacu8

’Pamgtg mr- 5‟-

L˅m g`cgptg pamgtg p`rlpg ķ˅m zcrlagdg pg paulctl`g/ dc dczolmg igtsrltgtc/ dc ogrng`szrlmdcrc g ulct¶ll/ Zrakacu ķ˅¶pl dcpeg¶pagrg dlm zolm grlzloc- C sm Zrakacu òaàtltardc cmcrnlc/ `stcxgtar ¶pl gd˅ķm`- Zlgmso grc gl`l iogdlcrcg igtgpll/ dgr dc `coc igl isotcarl pamgtg zgrc àmptrsltg dlm bctam- L˅m pcàoso VV pc rclg a trgdlt¶lc bcctfaucmlgmg

zc `grc Rl`ftcr ‐ `co igl àizoct lmtcrzrct go osl Zrakacu ‐ a gds`c m gugoml` pzrczsbol`/ psbhsnķ˅mds)o tatgo- Cvgncrķ˅md cmcrnlg ¶pl àmtrgptcoc/ ķ˅màrdķ˅md gr`so og cvtrci/g`l smdc tcmplsmcg a zcriltc ¶pl a `crc/ Rl`ftcr p)g daucdlt dlm mas g sm igrcrcnlxar go dcpeg¶psrgrloar dc eart¶c- Zrcicdlt˅ķmd ilmst¶lap tatso/ dc og gmpgibos z˅ķmg ogdctgols/ g`cpt ncmlgo zlgmlpt dculmc pzamtgm ķ˅m pgog &smdc co ¶pl zsbol`so pc psncptlamcgxgrc`lzra`,/ ķ˅izlmnc lmtcrzrctgrcg og oliltg/ t¶lmc gsdltarlso `s psflctso og nsrg-

Og pe˅ķr¶pltso zrlisosl rc`ltgo/ zsbol`so/ ergiķ˅mtgt dc igrcg dc psmctc/ crg lptault dc

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paol`ltgrc/ dgr gblg ķ˅¶pl dcp`fldcg src`fcg lmtcrlagrg zcmtrs g icdltg og `coc gsxltc ¶pltrgltc-

(

@co dc)go dalocg rc`ltgo/ àm`czst zc ltlmcrgrlso rcp` P`fsigmm/ @fazlm/ Dcbspp|/Pkrlgblm/ crg dcptlmgt/ `siug/ pg c igl

’olml¶ptlt‟/ igl dcpegtgtar/ dgtarltg ¶pl egztsosl

`g g`cptc os`rgrl crgs ķ˅m igrc igpsrg `smap`stc zsbol`sosl-Dgr/ lgtg `g `flgr dc og ķ˅m`czst mc)g gzgrst sm P`fsigmm eagrtc mcolml¶ptlt/ mcruap-Zacxlg cocnlg`g g osl P`fsigmm/ zrlm`lzlso icoadl` icrcs zrcxcmt og co gs eapt ugdlt&¶pl zagtc cv`cplu, psbardamgtc smsl tcizcrgicmt `ķ˅t pc zagtc dc gnltgt- Pamgtg ķ˅m pao

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ilmar g eapt àmdspg dc og zrlig og sotlig igpsrg/ t¶lm˅ķmd lgr gsdltarlso ķ˅mtr)a ptgrcdc zcrigmcmt mcgpt˅ķizgr lmtcrlar- Og eco ¶pl ķ˅m

’@grmgugoso ulcmcx‟/ smdc ķ˅m psltg dc

lignlml ¶pl ptgrl p)g plit¶lt icrcs’

xbgtcrcg ķ˅mglmtc‟-

’Zaoamcxg)egmtcxlc‟ dc @fazlm ¶pl

’Ptgizcoc‟ osl Dcbspp| gs àmptltslt a trc`crc

trcztgtg/ a àoargrc tat igl lmtcmpg g ciat¶lcl pzrc’

Pamgtg mr- 3‟ dc Pkrlgblm `grcgucg pg c `soilmgt¶lg esrtsmagpg g pcrll-

’Ptgizcoc‟ crgs a `gmgug zc `grc Rl`ftcr g

bradgt ķ˅m ualc rc dc ciat¶lc nlmng¶pg/ istgtc ķ˅m `soagrc ‐ ķ˅m `flgr òlzg g`ccg-

Zrcxcmt¶g ķ˅m zranrgi g pamgtcl g 3)g dc Pkrlgblm mc eg`c pg rcgilmtli `g dlm zg`gtcg`cpt igrc àizaxltar cptc ķ˅m`g gt˅ķt dc zst¶lm `smap`st og mal- L˅m Smlsmcg Paulctl`gazcrg pg g dcucmlt dc isot zgrtc lmtcnrgmtg g rczcrtarlsosl grtlptl` ¶pl zcdgnanl`-

Pkrlgblm g eapt sm ulxlamgr; `˅ķmtgrloc pgoc àpil`c gs dcucmlt ķ˅m bsmg igpsrg rcgocgptgxl8

’Zraictcs‟/

’Zacig cvtgxsosl‟/

’Pzrc flg`grg‟ ķ˅¶pl `ralcp` drsi pzrc gsdltarlso

àmtcizargm- Isxl`g pg pc ķ˅mrgdg`lmcgxg ķ˅m ulgt¶g/ ķ˅m `sotsrg isxl`gog/ dculmc tat iglzazsogrg- Pkrlgblm zrcgigrc¶ptc eart¶g dc `rcgt¶lc g aisosl/ `grclg ķ˅l gtrlbslc cmcrnll

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uso`gml`c-Uso`gml`g g eapt ¶pl pamgtg g 3)g ķ˅m lmtcrzrctgrcg osl Rl`ftcr- Dcxogmt¶slrl dc esoncrc

trgmpearigs zlgmso ķ˅mtr)sm lxuar zcrzctss ¶pl icrcs psrzrlmxgtar dc cmcrnll srlg¶pc-Gp`sot˅ķmds)o dlm mas zc Rl`ftcr/ gi ķ˅mt¶cocp ķ˅m`g a dgtg `g zlgmso cptc zcmtrs co ķ˅m

pcmpso zrazrls sm lmptrsicmt/ lmptrsicmtso smcl àoapgoc dcpeg¶psrgrl dc cmcrnlc/ iadsodc cvzrligrc g smcl igrct¶c zocdagrll/ `˅ķizso zc `grc g¶ptcrmc a lmmltgtc dc `soarl-

Rl`ftcr/ grtlpt ķ˅m esrtsmagpg ¶pl dlgoc`tl`g cuaost¶lc/ zocg`g dc og mal ogpķ˅mds)mc `s

darlmt¶g ulc dc g)o gucg agpzctc ¶pl ķ˅m ptgnlsmcg ulltagrc- Rc`ltgosrloc pgoc gs trcxlt `gķ˅mtatdcgsmg a pctc `sizoltg dc g)o gsxl `˅ķt igl dcp-

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PCGRG BRGFIP@S NCARNCP@S P¶L RL@FTCR 4:

Igcptrso Ncarnc Ncarncp`s/ og zszltrso Elogriaml`ll/ mc)g aecrlt sm ecptlugo Brgfipķ˅mtr)a pgog `grc pc sizospc ulrtsgoicmtc ķ˅mglmtc dc g pc zsmc bloctcoc ķ˅m u˅ķmxgrc; ig)rcoc agpzctc go pcrll crg cvtrgardlmgrso zlgmlpt paulctl` Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr- Zranrgiso/

go`gtslt ķ˅m iad cvcizogr/ `szrlmdcg plieamlg g LLL)g ¶pl àm`crtso mr-2- P`rlp gzragzca dgtg `s plieamlg g LLL)g/ àm`crtso mr-2 cptc ¶pl co a plieamlc ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnso ķ˅mt¶cocp go`su˅ķmtsosl- Gpteco/ ecptlugoso Brgfip ķ˅migmsm`fcg dasg boa`srl dc isxl`g/ àmtci)zogtc dc mal `s a gtcmt¶lc ķ˅màrdgtg-

Plieamlg g LLL)g cptc msigl `˅ķmtc`/ dc og ķ˅m`czst ¶pl z˅ķmg og peķ˅r¶plt- G`cgptg plieamlcms grc zrazrls)xlp sm p`fcrxa; `flgr ¶pl rltisrloc pt˅ķmàgpc/ gbrsztc goc osl Brgfip psmtagrc`si ratsmhltc gl`l- Olmlloc icoadl`c ogrnl pc ps``cd egrg ķ˅mtrcrszcrc ķ˅m giblgmt¶g

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griaml`g g smsl ògr)abp`sr mardl`; a igrc `godsrg lrgdlgxg dlm psrpc gp`smpc/ ml`la)dgtg ķ˅m ķ˅mtrcnlic dcxugosltc/ `g ¶pl ķ˅m tgboasrloc osl Rcibrgmdt- Tagtc g`cptc il¶p`grlicoadl`c psmt c`flolbrgtc ķ˅mtr)a àmptrs`t¶lc dc zcrec`tg smltgtc/ ķ˅mtgrltg `s gpzc`tc`lòl`c/ mc˅ķmt˅ķomltc ķ˅m gotc plieamll goc osl Brgfip-

Igcptrso Ncarnc Ncarncp`s g iadcogt plieamlg zc olmlg cl dc c`flolbrs ògpl`; ncptsopgs ogrn/ gt˅ķt dc egilolgr ar`fcptrcl magptrc/ g eapt ķ˅mpg ¶pl anolmdg tgboasosl pamar- Zcmtrsg `˅ķtg agrg pc ķ˅mtagr`c co og plieamlloc osl Brgfip/ zc `grc oc `smag¶ptc gt˅ķt dc lmtli1

Ar`fcptrg ķ˅l ķ˅mt¶cocnc tagtc lmtcmt¶lloc/ rgpzsmxķ˅mds)l rcflcv z˅ķmg og sotliso zszltrs/ `ccg`c àisml`g zsbol`sosl pgs sm pcmtlicmt dc plnsrgmt¶g ¶pl olml¶ptc/ àmdlt¶lc ptrl`t mc`cpgrg

4:-’

P`˅ķmtclg‟/ 23 igl 7<54-

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smcl gsdlt¶ll isxl`goc dc mluco pszcrlar-@am`crtso mr-2 zcmtrs zlgm ¶pl ar`fcptrg/ smso dlmtrc `coc igl ersiagpc àm`crtc dc

zlgm dlm `˅ķtc p)gs p`rlp urcadgtg/ rczrcxlmtg a os`rgrc ķ˅m`g igl gizog dc`ķ˅t plieamlgg LLL)g/ ms msigl `g dlicmplsml/ dgr ¶pl `g gbsmdcmt¶g g igtcrlgososl isxl`go/ `g dl)gzgxam go cvzrcplcl/ `grc ap`locgxg dc og olrlpiso rgrcgt go ķ˅mgotcoar icdltgt¶ll/ zķ˅mgog g`sisogrl dc cmcrnlc drgigtl`g dc a lmtcmpltgtc pe˅ķ¶plctagrc- Igl zatrlult gr pgc msiltc àm`crtcoc osl Brgfip ‐ plieamll àm`crtgmtc- Zlgmso cptc trgtgt `s tagt g

bangt¶lg dc ilhoag`c lmptrsicmtgoc dab˅ķmdltc dc raigmtl`l/ dgr ar`fcptrg ķ˅l cptc azspg`s a lizartgmt¶g `co zst¶lm cngog- Dc g`ccg/ zlgmlptso `grc lmtcrzrctcgxg sm àm`crt dcBrgfip trcbslc pg c/ co ķ˅mps¶pl/ a ar`fcptrg/ `ccg `c pc zagtc pzsmc dcpzrc Rl`ftcr/`grc c igl isot dc`˅ķt sm zlgmlpt; lmtcrzrct¶l `g co pc zat msigrg zc dcnctc ķ˅mtr)smpcào- L˅mdgtg dszg dlgoanso psgu go zlgmsosl `s àrmso ¶pl `cocogotc lmptrsicmtc `s g`cgucfcicmt¶g isxl`gog g `grcl tglmg a ¶ptlc msigl co &pgs zagtc ml`l co',/ zcmtrs g mclizrlig ķ˅mgotg tcmplsmc `s `grc uai srigrl àm`crtso z˅ķmg og sotlig igpsrg- Rl`ftcr

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ogpg ķ˅mtatdcgsmg lizrcplg `g ms ķ˅¶pl `rst¶g rcpsrpcoc lmtcrlagrc/ dc g`ccg dcpeg¶psrgrlocpgoc gs sm `grg`tcr zgplamgmt/ psmt zolmc dc zcrlzct¶ll ¶pl gsdltarlsosl pgs dlm pgog l pczgrc `g gplptg og iaicmtc sml`c &àocnll ma¶ptrl dc og `lmcigtanrgc zcmtrs g àmpcrugzc zcol`sog `˅ķtcug lignlml/ gs tsobsrgt urghg g`cptar iaicmtc,-

L˅m àmos`rgrcg `s Elogriaml`g/ dlrlhgtg gstarltgr ¶pl rcp` dc Ncarnc Ncarncp`s/zlgmso pc ķ˅iblmg dc ilmsmc `s ar`fcptrg ¶pl trcbslc pg gilmtli g`l isxl`goltgtcg `s `grculaoam`colptso Goeamp @gzltgmaul`l g pcàmdgt zlgmso ķ˅m zgnlmg dc isxl`g dc `gicrg`grc cptc zgrtcg g LLL)g-

L˅m lmtcrzrctgrcg osl Rl`ftcr cptc zrcxcmt tat `ccg `c zagtc dg zlgmso- Psmctcoc `sersispct¶cg `cg igl gpzrg pc ķ˅iblmgs `s gotcoc dc a dcol`gtct¶g mcigrnlmltg; ògrltgtcg

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¶pl grtl`sogrcg dcpgu˅ķr¶pltg g ergxcoar iamtgs ķ˅m àolcrso tlizsosl tagtc g`cptc nlsugcrsrlptrgos`ltagrc-

Dgr tagtc g`cptc dgrsrl pamarc/ rlplzltc `s ncmcraxltgtc/ tagtc g`cptc àiarl zlgmlp)tl`c/ crgs zrlultc dc lmtcrzrct dc og a igrc ¶pl pszcrbg ķ˅mgot¶lic/ coc crgs dagr igtcrlgosodc zrct¶ dlm `grc dsrg sm iaicmt pzocmdld ķ˅m`flmgt osl Brgfip; gi àmtcizogt g`cptiaicmt `s rgpsflgrcg tglgtg; g¶pg i)gi zaicmlt `g ms zat ml`l gzogsdg og srig/ gtsm`l`˅ķmd zsbol`so maptrs l)g gàzcrlt zc lmtcrzrct¶l `s augt¶ll mcpe˅ķr¶pltc-

RL@FTCR ZRLMTRC MAL/ OG DCP@FLDCRCG

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G)o gp`sotg zc Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr ķ˅m pgog g eapt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sm zrlulocnls/ dgr `sgt˅ķt igl isot gxl `˅ķmd igrcoc zlgmlpt paulctl` pc dlptrlbslc gt˅ķtar pgol dlm osicg igrc/

e˖ ˅ d o ˅ ˖ ˖ B ll o ˖ b l b

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eg`ķ˅mds)oc àmptgmt mcķ˅m`gzgtagrc- Bs`src¶ptll o)gs rcugxst `s bs`srlc/ `g zc sm bsmzrlctcm/ og dcp`fldcrcg ptgnlsmll-

@flgr dg`g rczctg a zlcpg isxl`gog/ Rl`ftcr ms pc rczctg ml`ladgtg/ ¶pl g`cgptg mszrlm lpàdlrcg grtl`lgog g tcvtsosl isxl`go/ `l dgtarltg ilrg`soagpcl pgoc eart¶c dc g`)tsgolxgrc g isxl`ll- L˅m pgog dc àm`crt/ co tc abolng pg trglc¶ptl zrcxcmtso/ pisonķ˅mdòlzcl ķ˅mtrcgng lmtcmpltgtc zaplblog- Rl`ftcr c zrlm cv`cocmt¶g sm grtlpt

’gmtl)dlp`‟/

ķ˅mrcnlptrgrcg mczst˅ķmd àmpcrug dc`ķ˅t a pc`t¶lamgrc gtcizargog g grtcl osl/ zc `˅ķmd ķ˅m

pgog gl icrcs pcmxgt¶lg gmtlrctrapzc`tlug g masosl; ¶pl g`cgptg/ ķ˅mtr)sm pcào ķ˅m `grc grtl¶ptllizartgmt¶l ķ˅¶pl zagrtg à`flolg zcrec`t¶lsmll `g zc sm zgtceam `s dlp`-

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Rl`ftcr cptc igl isot dc`˅ķt sm zlgmlpt ¶pl ms msigl sm isxl`lgm- Grtlptso trgmp`cm)dc lmptrsicmtso; dg`g tcfml`c¶ptc ¶pl zrlm gmucrnsrg pc`srltgtcg xbarsosl isxl`go cptcdcpgu˅ķr¶pltg &eg`ķ˅mds)tc ¶pl zc tlmc pg slt¶l lmptrsicmtso,/ g`cgptg grc dagr icmlrcg dc gdcp`fldc zagrtg gucmtsrll pzlrltsgoc- Pg mc cvzol`gi8 zat¶l gplptg og a igrc dcpeg¶psrgrcdc ulrtsaxltgtc gu˅ķmd lizrcplg mcòlmtltg ¶pl zcmlblog g smsl ic`gmlpi ķ˅mnfct¶gt/ zc `˅ķmdgotcarl a ergxg isxl`gog plizog/ cocicmtgrg grtl`sogt¶lc g `˅ķtarug psmctc/ ķ˅t¶l dg pcm)tlicmtso mczrcugxstsosl ¶pl go rlp`sosl/ `g ¶pl `si gl icrnc zc p˅ķrig ergnlog g trglrll

ull/ aicmc¶ptl- G`cgptg g dasg pltsgt¶lc a ngpli rcgolxgtg ķ˅m zcrigmcmt¶g og Rl`ftcr/eg`ķ˅mds)mc pg àmpldcrgi ecmaicmso lmtcrzrctgrll isxl`goc ķ˅m ķ˅mpg¶pl cpcmt¶g osl-

Rc`ltgoso dc ilcr`srl g `szrlmp isxl`g dc P`fsbcrt/ Brgfip ¶pl Olpxt- L˅m zgrtcg L)g gPamgtcl az- 740 dc P`fsbcrt/ Rl`ftcr g dcpzgrt¶lt zrgzgptlap zogmso icogmàolcl dc g`cogdrgigtl`/ d˅ķmd gpteco isxl`ll a àzoc¶pltagrc nrgmdagrc trgnl`g- @rcd `g P`fsbcrt ķ˅mps¶plgr eapt `strcisrgt dc a gpcicmcg zatcmt¶grc g isxl`ll pgoc- Pg i rc`smap`gtarl oslRl`ftcr zcmtrs g`cgptg ulxlsmc/ `grc g dcxugoslt/ dlmàoa dc mglultgtcg gdaocp`cmtlmg

t lb lt˖ d bl l lt o l t o l l t ltl t l ˖ l t t l

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gtrlbsltg dc abl`cl àizaxltarsosl/ g`stg osl lmtslt¶lc trgnl`g g cvlptcmt¶cl sigmc-

@˅ķt dcpzrc Pamgtg dc Olpxt/ `gzadazcrg g oltcrgtsrll zlgmlptl`c/ os`rgrc iadcrmgdg`g ms zrlm psbptgmt¶g cl/ gtsm`l zrlm àm`czt¶lc &˅ķmtrczgtrsmdcrcg ptrs`tsrloar il`l`s earig ncmcrgog,/ trcbslc pg pzsmci `g rc`rcgrcg cl dc `gtrc Rl`ftcr g àmptltslta rcgolxgrc `s tatso iciargblog- Ptgz˅ķmlrcg gbpaostg dc `gtrc grtlpt g g`cptsl ogblrlmtarngmlxgt pc ķ˅iblmg `s zstcrcg dc àm`rctlxgrc/ d˅ķmd pcmp ¶pl psbptgmt¶g `flgr ¶pl gàoa

smdc isxl`g igmlecptg a nrgmdloaùcmt¶g igl zst¶lm amplptcmtg-˅Lm dcpeg¶psrgrcg egsptl`gg Pamgtcl/ Rl`ftcr g azsp `s dcapcbltg ulrsocmt¶g zrlm`lzlso dciaml` cvzoaxlu/ g`coslg dc

`snctgrc dctg¶pgtg/ trc`˅ķmd zrlm iaicmtc dc olrlpi ptcogr- Eart¶g tcosrl`g dc dcp`gts¶pgrcg igtcrlcl isxl`goc ķ˅iblm˅ķmds)pc `s a ptgz˅ķmlrc aolizl`g cngo dlptrlbsltg `goltgtlu

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ķ˅mtrcnsosl/ cptc nrcs pg dcmc¶ptl pcmtlicmtso ncmcrgo dcnghgt dc `gtrc Rl`ftcr8 gipzsmc `g c sm pcmtlicmt zocmgr go dcilsrnlcl-

Trcl bgogdc ¶pl sm lmtcricxxa dc Brgfip ‐ zgnlml ķ˅mugosltc dc ptrgmlg `cgt¶g g mar)dsosl ¶pl gbsrltc dc `godsrg icogmàol`g g cua`grll ‐ gs ķ˅mtrcnlt rc`ltgoso plieaml` zc`grc Rl`ftcr o)g ķ˅m`flmgt iciarlcl `cosl `grc g eapt Ncarnc Ncarncp`s-

@RAML@G OG A PGRBGTAGRC ISXL@GOG42

Ulcmg/ `ctgtc eccrl`g g grtcl isxl`goc/ g ptrgos`lt dasg pcrl dc)g r˅ķmdso ķ˅m tagtgpzocmdagrcg cl og g`cpt ecptlugo

’Cmcp`s‟-

’^lcmcr)Zflogriamlkcr‟/ psb àmds`crcg

osl Fcrbcrt uam Kgrghgm/ mc)g dgt isxl`g dc Iaxgrt/ Bcctfaucm/ P`fsbcrt/ Brgfip/Ptrgspp ‐ sm zranrgi ulcmcx/ `˅ķmtgt ķ˅m pzlrlt ulcmcx-

G`si/ ķ˅m g dasg hsigtgtc g pcàososl VV/ zranrcpso tcfml` ¶pl)g zsp zc`ctcg ¶pl

l t t˖ ll l o l l ll l l ˖ t e l dl d o

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gpszrg lmtcrzrctgrll isxl`goc8 isxl`lcmll lizrlig zc ignmctaeam ¶pl zc dlp`; smdcocrgdlaeaml`c rgpzķ˅mdcp` isxl`g igl rczcdc ķ˅m`g dc`˅ķt gulagmcoc rcg`tluc `grc trgmpzartgzc lmtcrzrct¶l dc og sm àot¶ og gotso go osill- L˅mpg¶pl tcfml`g cvc`st¶lcl isxl`goc g gtlmp azcrec`t¶lsmc mcigl˅ķmt˅ķomltg urcadgtg- L˅m g`cptc mal àmdlt¶ll/ smcoc dlm igrloc ar`fcptrc/smll igrl lmtcrzrct¶l ¶pl)gs zlcrdst `cug dlm pzamtgmcltgtcg oar/ dcucmlmd sm eco dc dlp`srlull/ sliltagrc zrlm zcrec`t¶lsmcg oar rc`c- Cl blmc/ Elogriaml`g dlm Ulcmg g r gigp aar`fcptrg dc pgog ķ˅m pcmpso `co igl ersiap go g`cptsl `su˅ķmt; gu˅ķmd a tcfml`g dc `co

igl ķ˅mgot mluco ¶pl a dcpguķ˅r¶plrc `c a pltscgxg zrlmtrc igrloc ar`fcptrc goc osill/ cg mcķ˅m`˅ķmtg zrlm pzamtgmcltgtc ¶pl ersispct¶c ulc- Zcrec`t¶lsmcg rgiķ˅mc dlp`rctg/ ersispct¶cg

42-’

P`˅ķmtclg‟/ 7> pcztcibrlc 7<54-

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psmctsosl cptc olzpltg dc aptcmtgt¶lc; isxl`g mc cptc rcdgtg ķ˅m ptgrc mglug/ mcog`sltg`s ersispct¶l dc dctgols gdgsngtc pszcrfls/ mc˅ķmnfct¶gtg dc darlmt¶g vgrll ptgtsgrc-Rc`smag¶ptci g`l trgdlt¶lg smsl arg¶p ķ˅m `grc tagtg osicg lsbcg isxl`g ¶pl igl tstsrar oczog`cg ms msigl p)a gp`sotc/ dgr p)a ¶pl `˅ķmtc; g`cgptg isxl`goltgtc cptc psrpg `cocl iglķ˅mgotc dcpegtgrl- C dc zrlpap pg uarbli ķ˅m dctgols dcpzrc àizgrtlicmtcoc ar`fcptrcl/dcpzrc àm`crtiglptrso ^loo| Bapka~pk|/ dcpzrc `clogot¶l paol¶ptl- Igl zrcpsp dc arl`curci pg eg`ci coanlso ar`fcptrcl/ go arg¶psosl dc noarlc isxl`gog `c g mgp`st)a-

G`tlultgtcg ar`fcptrcl ķ˅m sotlicoc dc`cmll/ `g ¶pl `coc dasg àm`crtc dc og Bs`src¶ptl/gs ptgt psb pcimso zrcxcmt¶cl egp`lmgmtc g osl Fcrbcrt uam Kgrghgm- Kgrghgm c smdlrlhar igrc zrlmtrc `cl igrl; cptc smso dlm g`cl zst¶lml `grc dailmg dc`cmll ķ˅mtrcnl/ g¶pg`si gs eg`st)a pzrc cvcizos sm Igfocr/ Mlklp`f pgs Esrt~¦gmnocr- M)gr gucg rapt acmsicrgrc g igrloar pgoc `goltgt¶l/ dcagrc`c gr nrcs pg àmptgt¶l olzpg urcsmclg ¶pl gr rcnrctgblo pg a ailt¶l; igrloc ķ˅mps¶plrl dc isxl`lgm ¶pl dlrlhar psmt dagr zsm`t dc zoc`grc

ķ˅m `rcgtlg osl Kgrghgm Pg pzsmci tatspl `g zstcrcg pg dc àm lmncrc pc ògdcptc zc

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ķm `rcgt¶lg osl Kgrghgm- Pg pzsmci tats¶pl `g zstcrcg pg dc àmulmncrc pc ògdc¶ptc zca `smag¶ptcrc lmtlig ¶pl tatgog g isxl`ll zc `grc a dlrlhcgxg; g`cgptg/ zrc`si ¶pl ķ˅mgotsomluco go ar`fcptrcl/ ķ˅o dctg¶pcgxg dc mc`cpltgtcg dc g pc zrca`szg ķ˅m tlizso àm`crtsosldc dctgoll; aiso/ `grc g vgt gmtcrlar `ccg `c cptc esmdgicmt dgr ¶pl gigmsmt ķ˅m isxl`g/`rccgxg zc dczolm olbcr og àm`crt/ srigrlmd ķ˅mgsmtrs)¶pl/ `s àizol`ltgtcg ar`fcptrcl/rso mcugxst ¶pl ilrg`soap go isxl`ll- Zsm`tso dc dcàogrc/ lizsopso zcmtrs xbar ķ˅oàmptltslc iaicmtso lmlt¶lgo go zlcpcl; dszg g`ccg/ bgnfctg zgrgpc¶ptc `ccg `c pc msic¶ptc

dc abl`cl ’tg`tgrc‟/ zcmtrs g dcpcmg ergxg isxl`gog/ uaosiso cl/ ķ˅mpg¶pl isxl`g; g`cpteco dc àmtg`t `s ar`fcptrg cptc zc dczolm c`lcmt ¶pl ersispct¶cg osl àmptg taìglķ˅m àmptgtgrcg `g ncptso ms c dc ardlm mgr`lplgm/ `l pc trgmpearig/ zrlm àibsptlcàizoctg/ ķ˅m isxl`g-

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Zrabgblo `g ncptl`g osl Kgrghgm &gu˅ķmds)pc ķ˅m ucdcrc g`l ms msigl il¶p`grcg iķ˅lmloar/`l ķ˅mtrcnso ceart isp`sogr, cvcr`ltg a lmflscmt¶g ms msigl gpszrg ar`fcptrcl8 cg gmtrc)mcgxg ¶pl zc gp`sotgtar/ àmptltslmd a psncptlc ¶pl sm nfld ķ˅m srigrlrcg isxl`ll- &Gdcugrgt`g smcarl ķ˅m g`cgptg zstcrc dc lmflscmt¶grc gl ¶pl pcmxgt¶lg ualmt¶cl cvzrcpc dc g a cvcr`ltg-,

Rgiķ˅mc sm psblc`t dc icdltgt¶lc/ dszg g`cptc àm`crtc/ ķ˅mpg¶pl `srncrcg tlizsoslisxl go/ dlgoc`tl`g zrc`lxlcl `s flsldltgtcg; c`grc matg cptc vgtg ķ˅m tlizso fgrgxlt cl¶pl/ ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz/ cg `srnc/ mc p`gzg- L˅m pzc`lgo ķ˅m Iaxgrt/ `grc g eapt igrcoc ncmls go

gnanl`cl isxl`goc igrcoc igcptrs go `srncrll tlizsosl isxl`go/ flsldltgtcg g`cgptg cptcsliltagrc; cg pc rcesxg gmgolxcl/ mc esrg ķ˅m zcrigmcmt¶g- Ar`fcptrg ulcmcxg/ àmdspgdc Kgrg hgm/ mc)g zsp ķ˅m àm`rctso g`cptcl zrabocic- Gt˅ķt ķ˅m

’Clmc koclmc Mg`ftisplk‟

`˅ķt ¶pl ķ˅m Plieamlg mr- 4:/ zcptc zcrec`t¶lsmc ¶pl ptlo/ mc)g lizrcplamgt taìgl g`cgptgflsldltgtc dczolmg g `srncrll tlizsosl/ g `grcl rcgolxgrc rczrcxlmtg pcimso `cocl iglķ˅mgotc ¶pl ucrltgbloc `sotsrl isxl`goc-

Zagtc `g Iaxgrt/ Bcctfaucm/ `flgr P`fsbcrt &`g ¶pl Fg|dm/ `grc ms g nsrgt ķ˅m

àm`crtcoc dc og Bs`srcptl, rczrcxlmtg zcmtrs grtg isxl`gog `ccg `c zcmtrs p`soztsrg

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àm`crtcoc dc og Bs`src¶ptl, rczrcxlmtg zcmtrs grtg isxl`gog `ccg `c zcmtrs p`soztsrgcptc grtg nrcg`g dlm pcàoso cl dc noarlc- Ldcgoso/ zcrec`t¶lsmcg pgtsrgtg dc àmt¶lmst/rgiķ˅m sm ilrgào dc zrligugrg ¶pl sm psblc`t dc maptgonlc/ zcmtrs tat `ccg `c ug srigķ˅m lptarlc- G`cgptg maptgonlc a plit¶li dchg og Brgfip/ `grc ur˅ķmd pg rgiķ˅mg zcrec`tògpl`/ g lxbstlt pg ghsmng ¶pl co og g`ccg¶pl ķ˅mgot¶lic/ lmd ķ˅mpg egrg ualc ¶pl lmaugtar- OgRl`fgrd Ptrgspp ucdci dchg sm àmtlmsgtar/ `grc pc frgmc¶ptc ķ˅m bsmg igpsrg dlm noarlgigrloar pgl ķ˅mglmtg¶pl-

&@coc dasg ugopsrl aecrltc ķ˅m blp ‐ ncmlgog’

Isxl`g s¶pagrg‟/ `s tatso ¶pl `s tatsoecric`gtagrc ‐ mc)gs ķ˅mtrcnlt lignlmcg Ulcmcl `s cocicmtc `grc cua`g z˅ķmg ¶pl `soagrcgoa`gog-,

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@am`crtcoc agpzct¶loar ma¶ptrl ulcmcxl mc)gs zcrilp g rctrgl ersispct¶cg grtcl ògpl`cisxl`goc- G eapt `g ¶pl `si gi àmtcizogt p`soztsrg ¶pl grfltc`tsrg gmtl`g/ dgr ms ķ˅mrczrads`crc/ `l `flgr zc G`razaoc-

DC OG PGOXBSRN 40

Gi ķ˅mt˅ķrxlgt og ķ˅m`czstso pzc`tgàososl dgr il)gi ngplt rczcdc oa`so; og osilmgsmsl bc` dlp`rct zat srigrl zgrtltsrg- P¶tlgi dcisot8 Kgrghgm cptc ms msigl sm igrcdlrlhar/ dgr ¶pl sm ai dc tcgtrs ķ˅mmgp`st- Iamt˅ķmd

’Barlp Nsdsmau‟ og Pgoxbsrn/ co g

ķ˅mersmtgt tagtc nrcstgt¶loc smcl drgic zc `˅ķt dc ogrnl `g rcxamgmt¶c sigmc/ zc gt˅ķt dculaocmt pzc`l`c ķ˅m `soagrcg cl mgt¶lamgo lptarl`g- Dgr dc `c agrc ug lmucrpgt co ardlmcgp`cmcoar1 L˅màramgrcg grc oa` dszg `c ķ˅m `flolg osl Zlicm/ lizaptarso Nrl¶pkg gflg za)ucptcg t¶grcul`lsosl s`lp- @oazatcoc lmugdcgxg `s osilmg oar tcrlgmtg zlgt¶g ķ˅màramgrll-

Igl cvlptg pl pgotsrl ķ˅m zgrtltsrg; dc gpcicml p g zrcecrgt g pc ķ˅m`fclg azcrg `s iagr

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Igl cvlptg ¶pl pgotsrl ķm zgrtltsrg; dc gpcicml p)g zrcecrgt g pc ķm`fclg azcrg `s iagr)tcg osl Barlp ¶pl ms `s p`cmg rcuaotcl dlm zgdsrc- Dgr `c lizartgmt¶g zat gucg il`lp`flibgrl1 Arl`si gl osg g`cgptg azcrg mcmltg ķ˅m nrgmdagrcg cl/ p`cmcoc rcàizsmg`ccg¶pl `rcgt¶lc sml`g ķ˅m tcgtrso isxl`go dlmtatdcgsmg; zc`ctcg smsl ncmls `c dczg¶pc¶ptclmdluldsgoso rgiķ˅mc ķ˅mtlzgrltg ķ˅m `gzadazcrg- Og gtgrc nrgd dc gstcmtl`ltgtc g lmtcr)zrctgrll pzc`tgàoso ms zstcg dc`˅ķt ķ˅m olibg rspg; isxl`g cptc olzltg dc olibg clarlnlmgrg/ ķ˅mtr)g¶pg eco ķ˅m`˅ķt dcpzgrt¶lrcg oar gr ds`c og dlptrsncrcg smsl ķ˅mtrcn- Msic `s

rcxamgmt¶g pogug nsrcgxg ķ˅m dlptrlbst¶lg go`gtsltg dc Kgrghgm/ d˅ķmd zramsmt¶lcl rspc¶ptla zrc`lxlc eamctl`g ¶pl isxl`gog gbpaostc- Z˅ķmg ¶pl àrso azcrcl dlm Ulcmg g eapt rcsmlt

40- Dc`cibrlc 7<53-

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`s g`cog dlm Xgnrcb- Dagr Ncrfgrd Ptaoxc ķ˅m zlcocg osl P¶slpkl ug ķ˅izrsistg a `soagrcegmtgptl`g `coslg `c gucg pg)o dctramcxc zc Barlp-

L˅m Barlp ķ˅o gsd zc Nflgsrau- G`si 72 gml ķ˅il crg àocn dc àmpcrugtar/ oa`slmd ķ˅mg`cog¶pl `gilm; mc pgostgi zaoltlàp dc `˅ķtcug arl zc xl- M)g¶p `rcxst `g ug ghsmnc smgpcicmcg igrc trgncdlgm; zrlm z˅ķmxcoc lmtamgt¶lloar pgoc ptrgbgt càsrloc ķ˅mdczgrtgtc gocosl P¶golgzlm ¶pl Zlranau/ tazltc dc a masg zcrpamgoltgtc ‐ zstcrml`g/ àmulmngtagrc z˅ķmgog sotliso ncpt- @˅ķmd ķ˅o gsd pzsm˅ķmd8

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¶pl ķ˅m dsrcrcg nragxml`g trlilpg dc Dsimcxcs

zcmtrs nrcso ics zg`gt/ psmt ķ˅mulmslt dc tagtc rcococ ‐ ¶pl zc tagtc zlct¶coc msicoc oslBarlp c bocptcigt‟ ‐ ig plit psnrsigt- @sulmtcoc

’¶pl paimso ig zgrgpc¶ptc ¶pl ķ˅m bcxmg

mazt¶ll àzloso ķ˅mpķ˅mncrgt ķ˅il gzgrc--- a`fll)l pòlzcp`/ `crķ˅md ķ˅mdsrgrc--- ķ˅l gsd t¶lzgtsodc iagrtc--- Dagimc Dsimcxcsoc---‟ ķ˅il pison ucrtlnlmap og`rlil ogpķ˅mds)ig rs¶plmgt-

@c azcrg `lsdgtg8 zcrpamghso zrlm`lzgo ‐ Barlp ‐ lmtrg ķ˅m p`cmg msigl dc zgtrsarl; co `˅ķmtg dcpeg¶psrgt dagr ķ˅m dasg p`cmc/ dgr sibrg osl mcugxstg c zrcxcmtg tat

tlizso gzgpķ˅md g`tlsmcg lmflscmt˅ķmd zcrpamghcoc ptrlulmds)mc zc mal @c c`lcmtgdrgigtsrnl`g' Lgr zgrtcg osl ua`gog ms igl pcgigmg gxl `s `ccg `c c p`rlp iadcpt

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tlizso/ gzgpķmd g`t¶lsmcg/ lmflscmt¶ķmd zcrpamghcoc/ ptrlulmds)mc zc mal- @c c`lcmt¶gdrgigtsrnl`g' Lgr zgrtcg osl ua`gog ms igl pcgigmg gxl `s `ccg `c c p`rlp ‐ iadcpt ‐ķ˅m zgrtltsrg; ngig zplfaoanl`g ¶pl psncptlloc ar`fcptrcl gs iadcogt a bgogmpgrc ķ˅mtrc `˅ķmt¶pl uarblrc ms igl zst¶lm iadcrmg ¶pl ķ˅mdrgxmcgt¶g dc`˅ķt

’pzrc`fncpgmnso‟ àmtcizargm-

Lgtg)o ¶pl zc Fcrocg go maptrs ķ˅m g`tso zaoamcx; zramsmt¶grcg ¶pl lmtamgt¶lg ķ˅l psmt lizc`g)bloc; ¶pcrzsltagrc/ lmplptcmt¶g egmgtl`g ¶pl ulòcgmg g osl Rgmnaml c ķ˅mugosltg dc ar`fcptrg¶pl dc ¶pazatso e˅ķmt˅ķmloar dlm Pgmdailr- Igrlmg Iml¶pck &Pcmg Hsrlmg`,/ gicptc` dc )

dcoltgtc agrbg ¶pl pcmxsgoltgtc rc`c/ c arbltg dc Rgmnaml- Og `crcrcg osl ķ˅o ug `gztgegrg p`gzgrc zc gucmtsrapso’

egop)Diltrl‟ &Sxsmau,- Igpocmmlkau hcoc¶ptc ķ˅m’

Lma`cm)tso‟ pagrtg smcl ķ˅mtrcnl osil/ àblmds)l pe˅ķr¶pltso- @flgr ķ˅m zgrtltsrg tatso c ulxlblo - DgrKgrghgm ¶pl gl pgl dgs nogp ¶pl egztsrg pcimcoar isxl`goc/ ogp˅ķmds)t¶l lizrcplg pcmpsosl

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sml`8 g`cgptg isxl`g zagtc `˅ķmtgtg msigl g¶pg- Zagtc `g ms c gdcugrgt/ dgr gdcugrgt`g lizrcplg g eapt g`cgptg- Gt˅ķtg tliz `˅ķt zat pgusrg isxl`g ¶pl’

ķ˅m plmc‟/ trc` ķ˅m nagmgzcptc isot¶licg dc lmaugt¶ll `grc zagrtg mcrusrloc uc`flill smsl pcào/ rgiķ˅mķ˅md tlmcrc`g tat `c c gstcmtl`-

Isparnpkl `smag¶ptc dlulxgrcg a`tgucl ķ˅m trcl ¶pl zgtrs zgrt¶l cngoc; pc p`godg ķ˅m ia)dsrl; `sotlug `ccg `c msili

’egopc rcogt¶ll‟ griaml`c; ms c dczgrtc `flgr dc egp`l`sococ

pamarc-

Gzgpgt dc ķ˅mt¶cocpsrloc cl isotlzoc/ urghlt dc lma`cmt¶g g`cptcl isxl`l/ ghsmn og sotligogpgrc dc àrtlmg- Ig pison `s nrcs dlm nrgultgtcg àmtcizogrll- Urcgs pg ig smcp` `stat¶l pzc`tgtarll dc og Pgoxbsrn zcmtrs g gzogsdg g`cgptg igrc lpzrgug tcgtrgog- Dgr---ķ˅il dgs pcgig `g psmt rldlào- Ms zat¶l gzogsdg sm ulp-

Ogizg dlp`rctg `grc)il osilmcgxg zgrtltsrg pc gflg ķ˅m `gicrg icg dc os`rs; gzg)rgtso dc rgdla &zrlm zaptso Bs`src¶ptl, ķ˅il rctrgmpiltc zrlm àmpcruc / dszg `˅ķtcug osml/`ccg `c ¶ptlgi dc og igrtarl a`sogrl `g g eapt ilmsmgt-

@˅ķtg zaetg dc os`rs pl `˅ķtc psncptll `rcgtagrc ķ˅tl trcxcp` gpcicmcg pzc`tgàoc' @flgr

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@ķtg zaetg dc os`rs ¶pl `ķtc psncptll `rcgtagrc ķt¶l trcxcp` gpcicmcg pzc`tgàoc' @flgr`˅ķmd psmt zaucptltc dc agicml ecrl`lt¶l---

Dgr ķ˅m`g pg oc gsxl lizrligtc zc bgmdg dc ignmctaeam'

XSBLM ICFTG 44

L˅m àmptcogt¶lg dlrlharloar dlm ncmcrgt¶lloc mal/ Xsblm Icftg cptc sm zrao dc zrlirgmn- Mgp`st ķ˅m xadlc maraàgpg og Baibg| ķ˅m 7<05/ ¶pl)g eg`st ptsdlloc og G`gdcilg dlm

44- Tcoculxlsmc/ 7<>2-

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Ulcmg ķ˅m `co igl trgdlt¶lamgo pzlrlt csrazcgm ¶pl g ķ˅m`czst `grlcrg dc dlrlhar zcrigmcmtog u˅ķrptg dc 24 dc gml ķ˅m Gicrl`g; g`tlultgtcg pg g `smap`st sm sr`s¶p àmtlmss- Icftgc gxl dlrlhar zcrigmcmt go ar`fcptrcoar dlm Oap Gmncocp ¶pl Tco Gulu; co cptc icrcs zcptctat/ trc`˅ķmd a`cgmso `si trc`ci mal D˅ķibault¶g- A lmtslt¶lc g lizrcpgrloar ma¶ptrl ¶pl/zagtc/ a ķ˅izrchsrgrc eguargblog/ g eg`st `g Icftg pg c lmultgt og Ecptlugoso Cmcp`s ķ˅m7<54 &gucg 26 dc gml,/ egzt `grc o)g gzrazlgt zrabgblo dc arg¶pso maptrs/ dszg `grc p)grc˅ķmtarp ķ˅m 7<5> og g`cog¶pl Ecptlugo `s ar`fcptrg pg dlm Oap Gmncocp; mal ķ˅o uai ucdcg

g`si taìgl ķ˅mtr)a ķ˅mrcnlptrgrc dlm 7<5>/ og Pgog Zgogtsosl-

Pzsmcgi `g zsmci zc Icftg zrlmtrc dlrlharll tlmcrl igr`gmt¶l gl xlocl dc gxl/ `ssmcoc trgpgtsrl tlzl`c g`cptcl ncmcrgt¶ll `grc `szrlmdc zc Gbgda/ Rahdcptucmpkl/ Ig)gxco/ hgzamcxso Apg~g/ Basocx ¶pl got¶ll- Tagtg g`cgptg ncmcrgt¶lc p)g mgp`st ķ˅m xadlcmaraàgpg; gp`cmplsml rgzldc ķ˅mtr)a ulgt¶g isxl`gog grgmhgtg dc lizrcpgrl lp`splt¶l l)g zogpgt rczcdc ķ˅m ersmtcg `coar igl bsmc ar`fcptrc dlm osic- Dlrlharll dc gotg dgtgcrgs zlamlcrl ptgtarml`l8 Mlklp`f/ ^clmngrtmcr/ Brsma ^gotcr/ Tap`gmlml/ Kasppc~ltxkl/Kocizcrcr Esrt~¦gmnocr crgs ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc zcdgnanl `grc rldl`gs ar`fcptrc `rcp`˅ķmd

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Kocizcrcr/ Esrt~gmnocr crgs ķmglmtc dc tagtc zcdgnanl `grc rldl`gs ar`fcptrc/ `rcp`ķmd¶pl cl ķ˅izrcsmg `s ar`fcptrcoc oar- @cl dc gxl gs ngplt eg`stc igrloc ar`fcptrc; gulagmcoc`s rcg`t¶lc--- trgn og p`grg/ trgmpzartķ˅mds)l ķ˅m `˅ķtcug arc dc zc sm àmtlmcmt zc `cogogot;ulgt¶g oar c dc`l igl zst¶lm pcdcmtgrg dc`ķ˅t g ķ˅mglmtg¶ploar; cl plit igl zst¶lm `flmsrloczlamlcrgtsosl; psmt zcrec`t lmearigt¶l smso dcpzrc `cogogot/ `g`l c`grc gzgrc og zszl)trso smar ar`fcptrc smdc dcsmgxl dlrlhgpc àocnso pgs- Tcfml`ltgtcg maloar igrl dlrlharlcptc cvtrgardlmgrg; g`cgptg c/ dc gpcicml/ ncmcrgt¶lg `grc t¶lmc pg dlrlhcxc egrg zgrtl)tsrg; cl trc` `s dcxlmuaotsrg dc og ar`fcptrg og azcrg ¶pl gzal og ar`fcptrg dc `gicrg;ķ˅mrcnlptrcgxg cmari dc isotc dlp`srl/ c`grc dlmtrc cl grc sm igrc rczcrtarls- Psmtlizc`gblol; ncptsrloc oar psmt ersiagpc/ egrg `spsr- C`lcmt¶g oar c igvlig; cl zrczgrg

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2)0 rczctlt¶ll àm`crtc dc ķ˅mgotg t¶lmstg- @s tagtc g`cptcg/ pgtlpeg`t¶lloc zc `grc oc aecrgms psmt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg esmdgicmtgoc-

Zcrec`t¶lsmcg tcfml`g g ar`fcptrcoar ¶pl lmtcrzrct¶loar dc gxl cptc plnsr igl igrc dc`˅ķtg `coar dc gotg dgtg &egzt rcigr`gt dc cvcizos ¶pl dc ulaoamlptso Lpgg` Ptcrm,/ msķ˅mpg ¶pl zstcrcg oar dc `rcgt¶lc/ eart¶g oar dc àmulmncrc- Tcfml`g/ psmctso ersiap/ msngpcp` ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sm c`flugocmt ķ˅m daicmlso pzlrltsosl/ ¶pl gptg `s tagtc `g ķ˅m bsmgoar zrcngtlrc lmtrg dc gpcicml cv`cocmtg `smag¶ptcrc g ptlosrloar isxl`goc; ms pc zagtc

pzsmc `g cl cv`cocgxg msigl zc zogmso ulrtsaxltgt¶ll zsrc/ lmd dagr gstaigtc isxl`goc-@am`crtcoc dc`srn og sm mluco isxl`go rcigr`gblo/ coc zat tagtc iciargtc zc dlp`/lmd coc ķ˅m¶ploc sm eco dc dlp`srl ull- Gpzc`tso cv`czt¶lamgo/ lmcdlt/ ķ˅m`czc dc`l dc og smgmsilt mluco ķ˅m psp; ¶pl tats¶pl igrloc iaicmtc lmtcrzrctgtluc rgiķ˅m og eco dc rgrc `g ¶pladlmlagrg- Zagtc dc g`ccg osicg `gstg gxl igl zst¶lm lizc`gbloso ¶pl darc¶ptc igl gocp`ccg `c cptc uls `flgr c ¶pl igl zst¶lm zcrec`t; g`cgptg zgrc pg nfldcxc ¶pl ķ˅mrcnlptrgrloc zcbgmdg ¶pl zc dlp` dc gxl/ `grc psmt igl zst¶lm olzltc dlm bs`gt¶coc/ `˅ķt srigrcp` ķ˅mtrcnso/

psflso/ ulgtg-

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ps s / u ¶Zagtc `g tagtg g`cgptg ncmcrgt¶lc dc tlmcrl cv`czt¶lamgol igl grc pg pc àg`g zc zogm

pzlrltsgo/ zc g`cog go `rcgt¶lcl zrazrls)xlpc-

Uai gp`sotg ¶pl uai ucdcg Plieamlg Cral`g g osl Bcctfaucm- Tlizso mc cptc oliltgt/psmtci og tcoculxlsmc ķ˅mtr)sm zranrgi drgislt `s ilmstso; m)gi urst pg rcmsmt¶gi og

’Rgzpadlg g LL)g‟ dc Cmcp`s/ dc g`ccg dlm zg`gtc g trcbslt pg rcmsmt¶gi og dasg

zgrt¶l dlm Plieamlc- Xsblm Icftg/ dlrlh˅ķmds)¶pl cv`cocmtg pg ar`fcptrg/ mc gzgrc `g smdlrlhar dc eart¶g/ ecric`gtar/ os`ld/ zcrec`t ptgz˅ķm zc rcflcvcoc pgoc/ àmtrao˅ķmd tatso ¶pl/ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc/ àmtrao˅ķmds)pc zc plmc; cmcrnlc/ pcmplbloltgtc/ drgigtlpi/ tagtc psmtdcpeg¶psrgtc og tlizso oar- Pg rcigr`gi ķ˅mpg `g drgigtlpiso lmtcrzrctgrll grc igl gocp

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sm `grg`tcr oa`go/ ’og tlizso pgs‟; Plieamlg g`cgptg cptc ķ˅mpg drgigtl`g ķ˅m tatgoltgtcgcl; àizsmcrcg Cral`ll g ķ˅mpcimgt sm igrc g`t cral` ¶pl rcuaost¶lamgr ķ˅m ardlmcg isxl`ll¶pl g pzlrltsosl; cg cptc a psrzgrc dc igosrl; Cral`g cptc `cg igl psrzrlmxgtagrc dlmtrcplieamlloc osl Bcctfaucm; ķ˅mtr)sm eco/ crg dcmlucogtg; dsrgtg dc 3: dc ilmstc rczrcxcmtg`gi dsboso smcl plieamll dlm tlizso g`cog; zgrt¶loc psmt osmnl/ àizol`gtc `g earig;Cral`g g eapt a psrzrlxg `flgr zcmtrs gstarso cl; Bcctfaucm g trcbslt pg ķ˅mer˅ķmng a lmcrt¶lczcmtrs g pc zstcg fatgr˅ķ og sm gpcicmcg g`t `rcgtar/ `grc g ¶pl eapt dc goteco zcmgolxgt

dc `rltl`g urcill; drgigtlpiso Cral`ll c dc`l ms msigl ķ˅m czlpagdcoc cl drgigtl`c/ `lķ˅m ķ˅mtrcgng cl dcpeg¶psrgrc/ ķ˅m zra`cp- Og g`cpt ocgngm go Plieamlcl lmtcrzrctgrcg dc egt¶ggrc g``cp igl gmcualap-

@˅ķt dcpzrc psgug/ àizocvg/ ilmsmgtg Rgzpadlc g LL)g g osl Cmcp`s/ il pc zgrc `glmtcrzrctgrcg gdspg dc og Oap Gmncocp og Bs`src¶ptl cptc psrzrlmxgtar dc rcs¶pltg/ hsptg¶pl `godg-

NFCMGDL RAHDCPTUCMPKL 43

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NFCMGDL RAHDCPTUCMPKL

Mal gi eapt àocnl og @ampcrugtarso’

Z-L- @cglkaupkl‟ dlm Iapàug zc og ķ˅m`czstsogmloar “3: `˅ķmd Rahdcptucmpkl/ ptsdcmt lmd/ eg`cg zrlill zg¶pl ķ˅m `grlcrg-

Dc zc gtsm`l/ co gucg sm lmtcrcp cvtrgardlmgr zcmtrs ecmaicmso àmtcizargm; dccvcizos/ co g eg`st ķ˅m Rsplg zrlicoc gsdlt¶ll goc smar os`rgrl igl uc`fl dc Zrakacu/

mc`smap`stc/ zcmtrs `grc ķ˅¶pl zra`srg zc `fcotslgog pg zgrtltsrloc dlm ptrglmgtgtc-L˅m g`cgptg ardlmc dc lmtcrcpc g osl/ `s tatso pzc`lgog/ lmtrg ¶pl lmtcrzrctgrcg smar

43-’

@atldlgmso‟/ 74 pcztcibrlc 7<<3-

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os`rgrl dc Cmcp`s/ dc Tfcadar Rangopkl-˅Lmtr)sm gmtl`grlgt dlm Zrgng g `sizgrgt aos`rgrc dc)g osl Rangopkl/ zc `grc ms msigl `g g `˅ķmtgt)a/ dgr g zsp)a ¶pl zc dlp`/ zc og

ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “5:-Dc gpcicmcg/ g dlrlhgt og Bs`src¶ptl Plieamlg L dc Cmcp`s ķ˅mtr)a lmtcrzrctgrc `grc

rgiķ˅mc sm iaicmt dc rcecrlmt¶g ķ˅m lptarlg g``cztgrll isxl`ll osl Cmcp`s- G eapt smcucmlicmt'

Rahdcptucmpkl cptc sm ai `grc grc a igrc guldltgtc dc `smag¶ptcrc ¶pl ķ˅mt¶cocncrc

g masosl- Mal lmd àocnl ¶pl co gzrc llmd isxl`g icg/ g zranrgigt ķ˅m zrlig gsdlt¶lcog Iapàug ķ˅m 7<35 &`flgr ķ˅mglmtcg zrlicl gsdlt¶ll dc og Bs`src¶ptl psb àmds`crcg oslPloucptrl,/ @am`crtso zcmtrs ar`fcptrg/ ķ˅mtr)a ulxlsmc osvsrlgmtg-

Tat co g dlrlhgt gàoa àm`crtso ics zcmtrs flgst/ `s flgstlptso @armccu/ gucg zralc`tpg dlrlhcxc argtarlso

’Ilarlt¶g‟ &àizsp tat ķ˅m tlizso ptsdlloar,/ dgr crg mc`cpgrg a

arngmlxgrc zrcg gizog ¶pl g rcmsmt¶gt- G igl rcosgt os`rgrl dc)goc icoc ¶pl igl t˅ķrxls- Glizrligt zc dlp` @am`crtso zcmtrs ulaoam`co `s ulaoam`colptso Ul`tar Pliam; gi gsxlt/

`g g `˅ķmtgt àm`crtso ics zcmtrs flgst ¶pl og Pt- Zctcrpbsrn zrlm gmll “6:-Zc srig mc)gi ugxst dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl rgr dgr ptlgi smso dc gotso Dc`l g eapt

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z ¶ n zZc srig/ mc gi ugxst dlm `c ķm `c igl rgr/ dgr ¶ptlgi smso dc gotso- Dc`l/ g eapta bs`srlc/ `˅ķmd il)g tcoceamgt `g ulmc og Bs`src¶ptl ¶pl darc¶ptc a os`rgrc dc)g icg/ pg)lzrazsm àm`crtso zcmtrs dasg ulaoam`coc- Crg uarbg dcpzrc Ecptlugoso Ncarnc Cmcp`s&7<<3,- L˅m zranrgi gs nsrgt os`rgrl dc T-Aogf ¶pl dc Goercd P`fmlttkc- Rahdcptucmpklg eg`st cmari zcmtrs zrazgngrcg ¶pl `flgr zcmtrs ptlisogrcg `rcgt¶lcl osl P`fmlttkc; o)g`˅ķmtgt zcptc tat/ og BB@/ ķ˅m Gsptrlg/ ķ˅m Pscdlg ct`-- Mc)gi zstcg darl ¶pl mal sm dlrlhar

gt˅ķt dc dcdl`gt `rcgt¶lcl raig˅mc¶ptl g`tsgoc-Rahdcptucmpkl/ igrc cvzcrt ķ˅m zrlic gsdlt¶ll/ cptc ms msigl sm dlrlhar dgr ¶pl smzraiatar ‐ gptg)l `su˅ķmtso ‐ dc isxl`g masg-

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OSDAUL@ BG@P45

Og dsbog pg gmlucrpgrc ‐ 53 dc gml dc ulgt¶g ¶pl 03 dc gml dc `grlcrg dlrlhargog ‐ darcp`pg uarbcp` dcpzrc igcptrso Osdaul` Bg`p ķ˅m ptloso `grc l pc zatrluc¶ptc8 igl zst¶lm `sgdhc`tluc/ igl isot `s psbptgmtluc ¶pl ucrbc- Goteco pzsp8 igl isot dcpzrc egztc/ ķ˅m ecosopgs plizos ¶pl mcdcògrgtlu/ olzplt dc ciegxg-

Dszg tcrilmgrcg smar tciclml`c ptsdll dc dlrlhgt/ Osdaul` Bg`p cptc gmnghgt ķ˅m

7<3> `g ulaoamlpt ķ˅m Ar`fcptrg Rgdla; ķ˅m 7<3</ a dgtg `s colbcrgrcg smsl zapt/ cptcgmnghgt `g dlrlhar go Ar`fcptrcl dc Ptsdla- G`cgptg ar`fcptrg pzc`l`g rgdlasosl `grcķ˅mrcnlptrg isotg isxl`g/ ms igl cptc gptgxl; srig¶pg cl cptc Ar`fcptrg dc @gicrg- Psbàmds`crcg osl Osdaul` Bg`p/ cg g dab˅ķmdlt sm zrao zrazrls ¶pl g hs`gt sm rao gzgrtcķ˅m ulgt¶g isxl`gog; crg a ar`fcptrg il`g dlm zsm`t dc ucdcrc msicrl`/ lgr gzgrlt¶lloc clķ˅m zsbol` ms crgs pgztgiķ˅mgoc; ķ˅m p`flib/ gucg igl isot tliz zcmtrs rczctlt¶ll ¶pl pcàizoctg `s pszolicmt¶l/ dszg mcualc- Rcxsotgtcoc abt¶lmstc crgs gdcpcg rcigr`gbloc/

ķ˅m`czķ˅md `s azt¶lsmloc rczcrtarlgoc-˅Lmtr)a urcic `˅ķmd azcrcoc osl gnmcr ms zrcg crgsķ˅m rczcrtarls &ml`l gxl ms psmtci dc goteco rgpegtgtl ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmtg, Ar`fcptrg dc

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ķm rczcrtarls &ml`l gxl ms psmtci/ dc goteco/ rgpegt¶gt¶l ķm g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g,/ Ar`fcptrg dcPtsdla g aecrlt pcrl àm`crtgmtc `s

’Zgrplego‟/

’Trlptgm ¶pl Lpaodg‟/

’goklrlg‟; ķ˅m c`grc

dlmtrc coc p)g zstst gsxl a igrc zgrtc dlm azcrg rcpzc`tlug- Psb bgnfctg osl Bg`p p)gs`ķ˅mtgt ķ˅m àm`crt

’Dam Nlaugmml‟ ¶pl

’Eogstso ecric`gt‟ dc Iaxgrt/

’Rcncoc Grtfsr‟

dc Zsr`coo/’

Lzflncmlg ķ˅m Gsoldg‟ dc Nos`k/ `gzadazcrc goc osl Iamtcucrdl `g’

Arecs‟/

’L˅màramgrcg Zazzccl‟/

’Rc˅ķmtagr`crcg osl Solppc‟- Dlm isxl`g pcàososl maptrs/ ķ˅il

gilmtcp` dc azcrg osl Dgoogzlàoog ’Xbar dc magztc‟-Og ilhoa`so gmloar “5: Osdaul` Bg`p g earigt gmpgiboso’

Ispl`g rcdlulug‟; g li)

45-’

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osl Mlàogc Brķ˅mds¶p’

Og t¶lngm l‟ ¶pl’

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Pc`rctso osl Dam Nlaugmml‟ dc

@armco T¶ grgms/ os`rgrl dc Ilfgl Iaodaugm ¶pl isotc/ isotc gotcoc-

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Zcrpamgo/ ķ˅l dgtarcx eagrtc isot; icmt¶lamcx azcrcoc’

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dc`cmll `s Osdaul` Bg`p mc)g ķ˅izrlctcmlt; cptc a ptlig `grc ms pc ķ˅mtrct¶lmc mcgzgrgtzrlm ulxltc rc`lzra`c ¶pl zgfgr/ `l ‐ g¶p pzsmc ‐ pc gflg’

ķ˅mtrs isxl`g‟-

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L˅m sotlicoc ptgnlsml/ Osdaul` Bg`p mc)g bs`srgt `s smcoc àm`crtc `grc gs eapt cuc)

mlicmtc isxl`goc- Pg rcgilmtli zrcilcrg raig˅mcgp`g g sosltagrcl ’Ucpzra dcoog BcgtgUcrnlmc‟ dc @ogsdla Iamtcucrdl ‐ zcmtrs `grc rculptg’

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’Plieamlg g ULLL)g‟ ¶pl

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osl Nsptgu Igfocr; coc gs ķ˅mpcimgt ms msigl sm ceart grtlptl`/ `l ¶pl smso igtcrlgo ¶pl`flgr mgm`lgr &g`flxlt¶lamgrcg zgrtltsrloar/ g igtcrlgososl/ nagmg dszg pzampar ‐ pzc)`l`g trgmxlt¶lcl,-

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ra¶ploar osl zrct¶sltarl/ go lsbltarsosl dc isxl`g/ isot¶l gml dc g`tlultgtc isxl`gog radml`gpl dc gl`l ķ˅mglmtc'

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¶pl dc gl`l ķmglmtc'

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L˅m pgog G`gdcilcl dc grtg dlm Bcrolm &eapt dc Ucpt,8 zgtrs pcrl àmpc`stluc `s’

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@g`lsocgms ¶pl Tcgtrso @arcnrg` dlm Rcmmcp ¶pl Brctgnmc‟- I)gi nrgblt pg ugd `cigl eg`c Nfcarnfc @g`lsocgms zc `grc o)gi `smap`st ķ˅m gdaocp`cmt¶g osl `g dgmpgtar

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dc igrc tgocmt; gi àogbargt ķ˅m 7<>: ķ˅mtr)sm àm`crt ’Dgmpso ¶pl Isxl`g‟- P¶tlgi `gķ˅mtrc tliz/ rgiķ˅m˅ķmd g`cog¶pl zradlnlap dgmpgtar/ g dcucmlt smso dlmtrc `cl igl matgblolàrcnrg gl Ergmt¶cl dc gxl &˅ķm 7<6< trszg osl g ķ˅mpat¶lt zc Ergm¶alp Ilttcrgmd ķ˅m ulxltgg`cptslg ķ˅m Lmdlg/ lmd àmtrlbst¶lg `sotsrgog g Ergmt¶cl og ecptlugoso dlm Baibg|,- Gieapt `srlap pg)o ugd gxl `s trszg pg/ go `grcl `rcgtar cptc ¶pl ķ˅m `grc p)g ķ˅izolmlt `g gstaràrcnrge-

Gi ugxst dc g`ccg gibcoc zranrgic gmsmt¶gtc- Zrlig lizrcplc g eapt g`ccg dc eg)

ilolc rcngpltg8 a dgtg `s cocicmtcoc mal &¶pl ķ˅mglmtc dc coc, ‐ àmtlmsltgtcg- Gi rc˅ķmt˅ķomltzc eaptso cocu go osl Ilrlgi Rgds`gms/ ms msigl ķ˅mtr)a bsmg zgrtc g olibghsosl pgsncptsgo/ dgr ¶pl ķ˅m gncrlicg abpcrugt¶lcl rcgososl/ ķ˅m zrcnmgmt¶g dctgolloar/ ķ˅m gicptc`sodc fsiar `s gigrg`lsmc/ g¶p pzsmc8 ķ˅m `sotsrg pcmtlicmtcoar-

Zranrgiso osl @g`lsocgms g `szrlmp trcl igrl azcrc dc bgoct8 ķ˅m zrlig pcgrg ‐’

Smtrcm zagtc gp`smdc sm gotso‟ ¶pl

’Dgmpsrl dlm Igrlg dcog Bscmap Glrcp‟; ķ˅m g dasg ‐

’Pgvanrgzflc‟-

A trgpgtsrg cpcmt¶lgog g àrcnrgloar osl @g`lsocgms cptc lmtcmpg isxl`goltgtc `grcle t˖ ˅ ˅ d o l lo &˅ t td d b t o l ˖

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pc igmlecptg ķm`czķmd `s gocncrcg isxl`loar &ķmtatdcgsmg dc bsm nspt/ c coc isxl`gògpl`g/ eaoòar/ hgxx ct`-, ¶pl àmtlms˅ķmd `s srigrloc oar àrcnrg`c; mlil` cpcmt¶lgo msp`gzg grtlptsosl ķ˅m olmlg igrc ¶pl ķ˅m dctgoll8 dgmpso ‐ dcxlmuaot/ zgr`g egrg ceart pcàmtazc¶ptc `s isxl`g-

’Sm trcm zagtc gp`smdc sm gotso‟ cptc a osmng psltg dc il`rabgoctc zc 43 dc isxl`l

eagrtc ugrlgtc; coc pc ps``cd ķ˅m iad psrzrlmxgtar/ `gzgt˅ķmd c`grc/ ķ˅m gegrg rcolcesosl pgszrazrls sm gotso pzc`lgo/ zrlm ecoso `si g eapt co

’gp`smp‟ dc zrc`cdcmtso- Ugrlctgtcg

zrcg igrc cptc ķ˅mtatdcgsmg sm nrcs cvgicm zcmtrs azcrg dc grtg; cg `crc gstcmtl`ltg)tc/ flscmt¶g ¶pl a àmtrgeart¶g `cmtrlzctg `grc pg gdsmc tatso psb pcimso smltgt¶ll- Gi ngplt

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tagtc g`cptcg ķ˅m os`rgrcg osl Nlnl `grc g zcrilp ¶pl a bsmg ers`tl`grc g zaplbloltgt¶loar`coar 70 icibrl gl àizgmlcl- Ptcgsg trszcl ‐ Rsvgmdrg Rgàultxg/ g dgmpgt

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’`gzrl lloc‟ igrcosl zl`tar- Zgoctg pamarg g osl @g`lsocgms cptc eagrtc ogrng

¶pl icrcs ecrl`lt eaoapltg/ c `g rc`srnc og’

Dlcp Lrgc‟ dlm Rcwslciso osl Iaxgrt/ og sm`˅ķmtc` dc Aksdhgug pgs og psrpc xaaoanl`c ¶pl mgtsrgoc-

Gi eapt pcmplblo og dgmpsrloc cvtrgpc dlm’

Igrlg dcog Bscmap Glrcp‟- @g`lsocgmsg àogbargt `s àizaxltarso grncmtlmlgm Gptar Zlgxxaoog `grc g rcosgt/ rculnar˅ķmds)o/uc`flso

’Tgmna Grncmtlma‟- Icogmàolg ¶pl dlpzcrgrcg/ sm dar egrg igrnlml ¶pl psncptlg

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ilptcrlap ¶pl pspzc`t/ `rsd ¶pl zgplamgt/ cuaoscgxg ķmtr a osilmg `rczsp`sogrg/ zc eamdsosmar dlgzaxltluc zralc`tgtc `grc mc gds` ķ˅m egt¶g a`floar `gecmcococ dlm Bscmap Glrcp-

L˅m g dasg pcgrg/’

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Zsbol`so t˅ķmgr dlm Bcrolm g gzrc`lgt grtg osl Nlnl/ gzogsdķ˅mds)o ¶pl flslcrķ˅mds)o esr)tsmap ķ˅m pgog smcarl rlnldg g G`gdcilcl dc grtc-

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LMEGTSGRCG LMEARIGT¶ LCL 4<

L˅m xlococ magptrc lmearigt¶lg p)g àmptltslt ķ˅mtr)a cmtltgtc dc plmc ptgtgtagrc ¶pl zgrcpg dculmg zrlm`lzgog gust¶lc g aicmlrll- Sm ai dc ¶ptllmt¶g g zstst pzsmc8

’osicg pc

àizsmc dlm igtcrlc ¶pl lmearigt¶lc‟- @lmc dlpzsmc dc lmearigt¶lc/ ptgzķ˅mc¶ptc osicg-

Dcucmltg igreg/ lmearigt¶lg a`szg smso dlm zrlicoc oa`srl8 aiso iadcrm cptc dlpzsp pgzogtcgp`g isot zcmtrs g a gucg; og r˅ķmdso oar/ zrads`gtarll aecrg dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl isotc

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z z ; / zlmearigt¶ll ¶pl ilhoag`c dc lmearigrc- Aiso blmc lmearigt pc plitc `g ¶pl blmc mstrlt; ogàxloc golicmtgrc p`flibso dc lmearigt¶ll rgàrc¶ptc ¶pl `flgr pgtsrg zķ˅mg og sm zsm`t;àmpsiso dc lmearigt¶lc dg lmpsosl ¶pl sm gmsilt pcmtlicmt go zstcrll8

’Ms msigl cl

¶ptls; ¶ptli ¶pl mal `˅ķtc `cug; psmtci ¶pl mal lmearigt¶l‟-Gplptgi og a gdcugrgtg bsolilc g lmearigt¶lcl; ķ˅mnsrnltgrcg zcrigmcmtg ¶pl esrl)

46- Tcvtc zsbol`gtc lmlt¶lgo ķ˅m Gmgtao Ulcrs Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco/ fgpcecr/ Bs`src¶ptl2::7-

4<- Tcvt igmsp`rlp-

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agpg pc dlptlmnc zrlm zragptg gplilogrc-’

Lptarlg ilm`lsmll‟ g osl Dcrrldg gr zstcg pgķ˅mrcnlptrcxc `g ilhoa` zrlm`lzgo go dcxlmearigrll ķ˅mtrct¶lmcrcg ķ˅m àmpsigtar g losxlcl`g cptc blmc lmearigt- Ugoso dc lmearigt¶ll dculmc zrlm lzgog zlcdl`g zcmtrs lmearigt¶lgrcgog; gdcpcg ¶ptlrloc `coc igl lizartgmtc psmt ptrc`srgtc ķ˅m zatazso dc ¶ptlrl mcpci)ml`gtluc- Igmlzsogrcg zsbol`sosl zrlm bangt¶lc dc lmearigt¶ll cptc igl c`lcmtg dc`ķ˅tg`ccg zrlm zrlugrc/ `g`l bangt¶lg dc lmearigt¶ll ķ˅t¶l dg losxlg `g c¶ptl lmearigt/ ķ˅m tliz`c lmearigt¶lg igl pgrg`g tc eg`c pg `gst¶l gdcugrso `s ķ˅merlnsrgrc ¶pl ķ˅t¶l zagtc dcxuaotgpzlrltso `rltl`- Rcàigmdgrcg `grc p)gr zstcg trgnc dlm g`cgptg abpcrugt¶lc ms cptc smgdc pgrg`lc g lmearigt¶lcl/ `l g`ccg dc ardamgrc ¶pl lcrgrflxgrc g cl; cvtrgncrcg malicldculmc dc`lplug- Arlcmtgrcg ¶pl mgulngrcg ķ˅m lmearigt¶lc dculmc os`rso `co igl lizartgmtķ˅m osicg iadcrmg-

Lmegtsgrcg aisosl `grc pc losxlamcgxg `g ¶ptlc tat/ lgtg sm ecmaicm tat igl rgpzķ˅mdltog mal `g ¶pl ķ˅m ucpt- L˅mtr)a cilplsmc dc tcoculxlsmc gitrlamso ķ˅l pzsmc lmtcroa`starsosl8

’Dgr smdc gt¶l eapt/ daimsoc/ gt˅ķt¶lg gml `g cs m)gi ¶ptlst mlil` dcpzrc Dup1‟ Goteco

pzsp8 ’@si u)gt¶l zcrilp pg cvlptgt¶l dc urcic `c cs ms gi gust ¶ptlrl dcpzrc Dup1‟@gi tat gpteco/ pc zgrc `g g rcg`t¶lamgt ¶pl zrcpg ķ˅m A``ldcmt og zrcilcrcoc rc`cmtc goc

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azcrcl’

Acdlz‟ dc Cmcp`s- Isot¶l agicml ¶pl dlucrpc nrszsrl pa`lgoc ķ˅¶pl ķ˅m`flzslc `gzrlulrcg oar gàzcrg ķ˅mtrcnso arlxamt go cvlptcmtsosl; dg`g ms gl mara`so pg lmtrl ķ˅m g`cptarlxamt/ ms cvl¶ptl-

Zcmtrs g lmtrg gxl ķ˅m arlxamtso aisosl lmearigt/ plizog lmearigt¶lc ms cptc ps)`lcmtg- Lmearigt¶lg grc mcualc dc eart¶g/ dc zcmctrgmt¶g; ķ˅m xlococ magptrc/ dlm mcecrl`lrc/

lmearigt¶lg trcbslc pg t¶lzc/ pg pgrg ķ˅m a`fl/ pg)¶pl lizsmg culdcmt¶g- Cg trcbslc pg c

’icdlgtlxgtg‟- Eart¶g smcl lmearigt¶ll cptc msigl zgrt¶lgo `szrlmpg ķ˅m psbptgmt¶g cl; ic)

dlgtlxgrcg/ zstcrcg `s `grc cptc zspg ķ˅m ugoagrc/ lizspg/ igmlzsogtg/ g dcucmlt tat

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igl lizartgmtg/ `flgr dc`lplug- L˅m grtg/ ķ˅m zaoltl`g/ ķ˅m càmailc/ rcògig àmptrslc¶ptczartrctso grtlptsosl/ go zgrtldsosl/ go zradspsosl- Plnog dculmc fatgrķ˅tagrc- Tc ilrl `˅ķtdc isot zagtc siflgtg a nanag¶pg ¶pl `˅ķt dc isot ilptl`grcg zagtc t¶lmc dc z˅ķlmc- L˅mzranrgigrcg gdcugrsosl ¶pl g ilm`lsmll c fatgr˅ķtagrc lmucmtlultgtcg ķ˅m g trc`c gdcugrsopgs ilm`lsmg zrlm src`fcg g`sosl-

Z˅ķlmcg ¶pl `lr`so gs eapt frgmg dc bgxg ķ˅m gmtl`fltgtc- L˅m xlococ magptrc ol pc gdgsnglmearigt¶lg-

PTL˅MNG ‐ DRCGZTG 3:

Dszg Rcuaost¶lg Ergm`cxg ulgt¶g zaoltl`g g `smap`st a plmnsrg gvg8 drcgztg ‐ pt˅ķmng-@flgr dg`g ķ˅mt¶cocpso g`cptar mat¶lsml g psecrlt iadl`grl/ co p)g rcecrlt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg ogpàzsrloc eart¶coar zaoltl`c-

Dszg go Dalocg Rgxbal Iamdlgo p)g lizsp ¶pl a masg gvg8 g`ccg g ilhoag`coar dcg`t¶lsmc8 cvtrcilpiso darc¶ptc p`srtgrcg drsisosl zrlm ulaocmt¶g olzpltg dc p`rszsoc/ zc`˅ķmd `cmtrlpiso aztcgxg zcmtrs ilhoag`c iadcrgtc `grc cultg dlptrsncrloc

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`ķmd `cmtrlpiso aztcgxg zcmtrs ilhoag`c iadcrgtc `grc cultg dlptrsncrloc-

Masg gvg oamnltsdlmgog g dcucmlt tat igl lizartgmtg zc igpsrg `c ilhoag`coctcfml`c gs `gzgtgt a gizoagrc mciglķ˅mtķ˅omltg; a eart¶g zaoltl`g rcptr˅ķmpg &t¶grg/ zgrtld/nrsz/ og oliltg sm lmdluld, datgtg `s ilhoag`c dc sotlig arg zagtc g`si zsmc ķ˅mzcrlào dc dcptgblolxgrc pgs gmlflogrc ķ˅mtrcgng pa`lctgtc- Gi lmtrgt dc`l ķ˅m crg ķ˅m `grc

ilhoag`coc gs dcucmlt tat gtķ˅t dc lizartgmtc `g ¶pl pàzsrloc- IÒsfgm g cvzrligt masgpltsgt¶lc ķ˅mtr)a earisog ogzldgrg8’

igpghso c icpghso‟8 co p)g rcecrlt msigl og icdll/ dgr

3:- Tcvt igmsp`rlp-

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ķ˅mt¶cocpso c taìgl g`cptg8 ms dagr `ccg `c ucxl og tcoculxlsmc cptc lizartgmt/ `l `flgregztso `g rc`srnl og cg ¶pl tc pszsl igpghsosl-

L˅m g`cptc àmdlt¶ll dc flzcrtracrc g ilhoag`coar dc g`t¶lsmc `rltcrlloc ctl`c `gzgtg azamdcrc cvtrgardlmgrg; dagr coc zat ķ˅m`cr`g pg gzcrc pa`lctgtcg dc gmlflogrc- Ml`l smpàz ms zagtc p`sxg arl`c ilhoa` dc g`t¶lsmc; ilhoag`c ¶pl pàz eg` smg- &Sm cvcizosdc giblnsltgtc pàz ‐ ilhoag`c8 rcuaost¶lg ¶pl zstcrcg- Ptgolm pspt¶lmcg `g pàzso pgsc rcuaost¶lg/ lgr zstcrcg ‐ ilhoa`so dc g a ķ˅megztsl; rcgoltgtcg g àmptgtgt àmtrgrlso8rcuaost¶lg g eapt ilhoa`so dc g ķ˅megztsl zstcrcg- Zcmtrs zaoltl`lcml zstcrcg dculmc gdcpcgpàz/ zc `˅ķmd pàzsrloc grigtc psmt dc egzt ilhoag`c zcmtrs abt¶lmcrcg zstcrll- L˅mrgxbaglc pàzso lmlt¶lgo cptc ms rgrcarl sltgt; rgxbalso ķ˅mps¶pl dculmc pàzso ¶pl msiglsxsrg zgrtcmcrloar ķ˅l zsmc `gzgt-,

L˅m g`cpt gicptc` dc pàzsrl ¶pl ilhoag`c gvcoc ķ˅m`cz pg esm`t¶lamcxc gmgzadg8 cv)trcicoc pc gtlmn- Dculmc nrcs pg dcapcbc¶ptl cvtrcig pt˅ķmng dc cvtrcig drcgztg- Smegzt blxgr abpcrugt ¶pl ķ˅m ulgt¶g magptrg zaoltl`g8 dg`g cvtrcicoc ķ˅mdczgrtgtc esxlamcgxg/eart¶coc dc `cmtrs rcs¶pcp` `s isot igl nrcs a gzrazlcrc ķ˅mtrc coc-

Zgrgdavso rgxbalml`sosl8 dal osztgtarl dc zraecplc/ ķ˅mt˅ķomlmds)pc/ pc uar ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶pglmd`g psmt àocnl dc brcgpog pgs pc uar bgtc ķ˅mtrc cl zcmtrs `g ķ˅mpgpl zraecplg oc)a

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lmd`g psmt àocnl dc brcgpog pgs pc uar bgtc ķmtrc cl zcmtrs `g ķmpg¶pl zraecplg oc adl`tcgxg1

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RABCPZLCRRC OG B˖GTR

˅LMCT¶ C

37

Igvlilolgm cptc `grg`tcrso lmeglolblo/ aiso `s bgrblc zstcrml`g go `grsl pcmtlicmtzrlm`lzgo cptc ocncg- Rgt¶lsmcg ‐ lgtg iatlugt¶lg pg; cg lmflbg ‐ zcmtrs g ķ˅moa`sl ‐ tagtc`cocogotc pcmtlicmtc-

Rabcpzlcrrc ms cptc sm psblc`tlu/ co zagrtg ocncg iargog ¶pl rgt¶lsmcg lizgrt¶lgog ķ˅mbrgt¶coc pgoc- L˅m msicoc oar ms `smag¶ptc cxltgrcg; arl`c g`t dc tcragrc cptc zcrilp- @coc)ogotc gec`tc dlpzgr; egilolg/ zrlctcmll/ `cr`so igl rcptr˅ķmp go rgt¶lsmll ocngtc dc drgnaptc/tagtc g`cptcg ms cvlptg zcmtrs Rabcpzlcrrc-

@g pg trglgp`g ķ˅m ctcrmltgtc/ Rabcpzlcrrc trcbslc pg iagrg dc t˅ķmgr; ķ˅m ecoso g`cptgco zagtc rgiķ˅mc lmeglolblo ¶pl cmlnigtl`- Dg`g ķ˅mpg ķ˅izrchsrgrloc ¶pl lmptlm`tso àmpcrugrllķ˅o zgptrcgxg ķ˅m ulgt¶g/ co zagtc pg zgt¶cgp`g g`ccg¶pl rs¶plmc `g ¶pl Mgzaocam- Bamgzgrtc/craso mc˅ķmerl`gt `grc g àmdsp/ g ķ˅ibgrbgtgt ¶pl g ķ˅mulmp/ g ķ˅mngobcmlt dc iagrtc ķ˅m egt¶g

smcl isot¶lil esrlagpc; ¶pl)g pgougt ulgt¶g esnlmd zc s¶pg dlm pzgtc g smsl fgm-Rabcpzlcrrc og bgtr˅ķmct¶c c sm psflct il`/ esrlap/ rcpcmtlicmtgr/ dailmgt dc tagtc

˅

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gec`tcoc zaplbloc/ dgr ķ˅mdcapcbl dc `coc il`l- L˅izgrtc drcztgtc og àgdg og z˅ķlmc/ c smnfci dc srg zralc`tgtg zc a psicdcmlc dc lmdlulxl ¶pl &dc egzt, zc ķ˅mtrcgng aicmlrc-

C pszgrgt zc osic zcmtrs `g ms g urst pg sricxc drsiso lmdl`gt dc co/ dc rgt¶lsmcgosl; a gpcicmcg aicmlrc cptc urcdml`g dc dlpzrct¶ ¶pl dc srg- A srg ¶pl sm dlpzrct¶ ķ˅m `grcosicg ķ˅mtrcgng gr trcbsl pg pc ķ˅mc`c ķ˅izrcsmg `s co/ Rabcpzlcrrc-

37- Tcvt igmsp`rlp-

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DLOCIG R˖GXBALML@SOSL

32

@c eg` dal rgxbalml`l gtsm`l `˅ķmd pc ķ˅mtķ˅omcp`1 Pc ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶pcgxg zcmtrs `g psmt àocnldc zraecplsmc pgs pc rgxbalcp` ķ˅mtrc cl taìgl lmd`g g`cgptg cptc zraecplsmcg oar1

G`cptg cptc zgrgdavso rgxbalml`sosl ¶pl ms zat¶l pg ms tc n˅ķmdc¶ptl og co dg`g srigrc¶ptlulgt¶g zaoltl`g8 cvtrcicoc dc drcgztg ¶pl dc pt˅ķmng c pc ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶pcgxg ķ˅mtrc coc osztķ˅mds)pc/ c pc osztg ķ˅mtrc coc ķ˅ibrgt¶l¶p˅ķmds)pc; c`grc dlmtrc coc zratcptcgxg ucfcicmt gtsm`l`˅ķmd cptc àmesmdgtg `s `cgogotg; giķ˅mdasg ķ˅izrcsmg pc zrc`lzltg pg ptagr`g ers`tsouognslt go `cmtrsosl zaoltl`-

Ms zat¶l pg ms tc n˅ķmdc¶ptl og Igrpfgoo IÒsfgm `s goc pgoc rcflc`t¶ll dcpzrc icdllocàmtcizargmc8

’igpghso cptc icpghso‟-

’Igpghso‟ cptc `si / lgr

’icpghso‟ cptc `c ; ķ˅m

xlococ magptrc `si dculmc tat gt˅ķt dc lizartgmt `g ¶pl `c ; @SI cptc z˅ķmg og srig `flgr@C -

Lptarlg pcàososl VV mc aecrg isotc cvcizoc dc P@AZ ¶pl ILHOA@ / àmt ¶lmst ¶pl

eari˖ g - ’Earicoc egrg eamd‟ dcpzrc `grc g uarblt Iglarcp`s pcimgocgxg g`ccg¶pl dctsr)mgrc g smsl `szos’

@C‟ ‐’

@SI‟-Dcpzrc Ptgolm p)g pzsp `g pàzso pgs g eapt àmptrslrcg pa`lgolpisosl lgr zstcrcg

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Dcpzrc Ptgolm p)g pzsp `g pàzso pgs g eapt àmptrslrcg pa`lgolpisosl/ lgr zstcrcgzcrpamgog ‐ dagr ilhoa`so; p)g ugxst ķ˅mpg `g taìgl pàzso smsl gpcicmcg ai cptczstcrcg zcrpamgog/ zc `˅ķmd

’pa`lctgtcg pa`lgolptg‟ ‐ dagr ilhoa`so dc g)o abt¶lmc/ gdl`g

earig-Ml`l sm pàz ms p`sxg arl`c ilhoag`c; sm pàz ķ˅mgot `grc eaoapc¶ptc ilhoag`c hapml`c

dculmc hapml` co ķ˅mps¶pl-Zstcrcg cptc sm ilhoa` zcrl`soap8 `lmc ptr˅ķmnc zstcrc `gdc eagrtc s¶par psb zstcrcg

32- Tcvt igmsp`rlp-

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cl-

Ptgolm ms g eapt msigl sm lmdluld/ `l a `gtcnarlc ķ˅m earig cl eagrtc àm`cmtrgtg;osl Ptgolm l)g `gxst ķ˅m iķ˅mg a pltsgt¶lc/ co g gust zgrtc dc sm lizcrls; gotarg ol pcķ˅m`rcdlmt¶cgxg esm`t¶ll ¶pl zstcrl igl il`l- Dlrc`tarll

’zolml‟ ¶pl gdhsm`t¶ll/ zrc¶pcdlmt¶l ¶pl

ul`czrc¶pcdlmt¶l a pzsm og msilrc8’

ual ķ˅mdczolml g`cgptg pgr`lmg z˅ķmg `˅ķmd pgoucx pltsgt¶lg/gzal ual zoc`g‟- Dgr cl sltg pg zoc`c; ms igl ¶ptls dc `c gs rgigp/ ngsrg mcgnrg g zstcrllķ˅l ug gbparbl z˅ķmg og dcplmt¶grc-

Dszg `c tats¶pl zocg`g &pgs psmt eg`st¶l pg zoc`c,/ ķ˅m ilmtcg oar ptgrslc g`cgptgesm`t¶lc g zstcrll; cl àmtlmsg pg ulpcxc àiltctc/ pg earicxc nsucrmc/ pg msicgp`g ¶plpg dciltg; esm`t¶lg dabķ˅mdltg ol pc zgrc g`sig ķ˅mmgp`stg-

Dgr g`cgptg trgmpearigrc g osl `si ķ˅m `c gtķ˅t dc ercùcmtg ķ˅m pcàoso VV &`ķ˅md aisogrc og ķ˅mdciķ˅mg igl isot `g arl`˅ķmd ķ˅mglmtc ilhoag`c tcfml`c tcrlbloc goc zstcrll, ms cptcsm ecmaicm mas/ dagr lmtcmpltgtcg `s `grc pc igmlecptg ecmaicmso cptc mcigl˅ķmtķ˅omltg-

Iargog ògpl`g ms grc `g ablc`t àmt¶lmstso ulct¶ll pa`lgoc/ `l maricoc dc àizartgrc;

&cg ķ˅mpg¶pl trgmpearig zc `si ķ˅m `c ,/ ķ˅t¶l pzsmc msigl `si 8 pg ms esrl/ pg ms s`lxl/ pgms ilmt¶l/ arl`grc gr pàzsrloc tgoc-

D t ‟ ˖ ˖ l tl l t t ˅ t t o lho o

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Dgr g`cpt’

`si ‟ zgrcg pg c igl zst¶lm lizartgmt ķ˅m trc`st; aiso ms gucg ilhoag`cocdc ptgz˅ķmlrc &àmtrao, ¶pl dc dlptrsncrc dc gxl; lc¶pcg ķ˅m culdcmt¶g pàzso/ cvlptg sm gmsiltàmpcmp ķ˅m `ccg `c zrluc¶ptc ilhoag`coc `grc pc zat eaoapl- Drcgztg zaoltl`g crg drcgztg/lgr pt˅ķmng crg pt˅ķmng; g`cgptg zgrcg cpcmt¶lgo-

L˅m pcàoso maptrs tcrlblo dlpzamlbloltgtcg ilhoag`coar ¶pl olzpg dc p`rszsoc gs dcucmlt

dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl c`g`c; gpteco ilhoag`coc gs `˅ķ¶ptlngt icrcs ķ˅m lizartgmt¶g-Zcmtrs Ptgolm rcxaougrcg arl`grar dlpzstc ldcaoanl`c crg a `fcptlsmc dc tcfml`g g

zstcrll- @g ¶pl Fltocr/ co ¶ptlg eagrtc blmc `c cptc zstcrcg8 `si zat eaoapltc igpcoc ¶pl

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`si pc pcoc`t¶lamcgxg gmtsrghso/ `si pc `s`crc¶ptc ¶pl `si pc icmt¶lmc zstcrcg- Co rcxaoug

arl`c zrabocig `s tcfml`g ¶pl p˅ķmnc rc`c8 s`ldcg pgs zraiaug/ ķ˅ibgopgig pgs il¶p`g zcc¶pl`flcr/ iablolxg pgs trliltcg og iagrtc/ ķ˅mflg`grg pgs `gstcrlxg `s og¶pg fatgr˅ķrc-

Hs`grlg zrcecrgtg8 zstcrcg- G`tlultgtcg zrcecrgtg8 igmlzsogrcg agicmloar; s`lxlzgrlmt¶ll ¶pl)l eg`l zc àzll pg tc gdarc- Uaosztgtcg `cg igrc8 lmtrlng ¶pl igmcurg za)oltl`g-

@AMATGT¶ LLOC SMSL GEARLPI 30

Sm ķ˅m`gzgtar ¶pl cmlnigtl` gearlpi go osl ^lttncmptclm &zc `grc o)gi `ltgt ķ˅mtr)aàizaxlt¶lc isxl`gog, dcxugoslc mcg¶ptcztgtc àmatgt¶ll ctl`c- Zrabgblo `g malgmso dcuarbc dlm xlococ magptrc ¶pl plog zc `grc a zrauag`g coc zatcmt¶cgxg ķ˅m `flz dcapcblt g`cptgearlpi `grc psmg gpteco8

’`ccg `c zagtc grgtgt ms zagtc pzsp-‟

Earisogrcg cptc zc `˅ķt dc ogzldgrg/ zc gt˅ķt dc `gtcnarl`g8’

`gmmat bc pgld‟ zagtccvzrlig ms msigl mczstlmt¶g dc g pzsmc `ccg `c zagtc grgtgt/ `l ¶pl lmtcrdl`t¶lg dc gpzsmc- Ms pzsmct¶l `ccg `c urct¶l pg grgtgt¶l8 ms uct¶l rcs¶pl' Ms guct¶l dc`ķ˅t pg grgtgt¶l/ dg`g

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z z ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ /zstct¶l' Lmtrg psb eart¶g g`cptsl gearlpi ķ˅mtrcgng ngig dc pcmtlicmtc mabloc ¶pl ķ˅mglmtcdc tagtc pcmtlicmtso rcolnlap/ zgtrlatlpiso/ drgnaptcg dc gzragzc-

L˅m xlsg dc gxl g`cptc ugoarl psmt grigtc ¶pl cvgotgtc- Dlm mcecrl`lrc ķ˅mpg/ `coc iglgdcpcarl coc ms psmt grgtgtc/ `l msigl pzspc- P¶l lmd`g psmt pzspc ķ˅m oa` dc g grgtgtc/rcxsotgtso pzsmcrll oar cptc a gstcmtl`g olibg dc ocim/ gdl`g a olibg `grc ms zagtcpzsmc mlil` dcpzrc `ccg `c grc gcrso `g gr darl pg uarbcgp`g- Ictgearcoc/ ķ˅mdcimsrloc/

30- Tcvt igmsp`rlp-

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àizgrgt¶lloc/ lmua`grloc rgiķ˅m uldc ¶pl ms eg` dc`˅ķt pg àizrailtg ugoarloc og `grc pc

rcecrg; g`cgptg olibg cptc ngtg eg`stg zcmtrs g zspg ķ˅m nflolicoc pgs g àicmtgtg`s

’`l`g‟-

Cilplsmloc ¶pl zacxlloc’

dc psflct‟/ dcògrgt¶lloc `grc pc zraògig’

plm`crc‟/ grtlàococ`grc

’igrtsrlpcp`‟/ psmt dlm `gzso oa`sosl mc`rcdlbloc- Pzsmcrcg

’plm`crltgt¶ll‟ zagtc

dagr a earisog dc zaoltct¶c/’

igrtsrlplrcg‟ mczaetltg ms zagtc gucg oa`/’

psflctso‟zsp `g sm zsr`cos¶p zc tgug lg msicoc psflctsosl ķ˅m dc¶pcrt- L˅m `coc dlm srig/ `sulmtcocg`cptcg ms rcs¶pcp` pg pc il¶ptc ķ˅m osicg ugoarloar lmua`gtc/ `l ķ˅mtr)sm pzgt¶ls `grgnlgocp`-

Gearlpiso osl ^lttncmptclm oc pzsmc raptltarloar8 gds`ct¶l plm`crltgtcg ķ˅m egzt/ lxnamlt¶lķ˅mpg cvzrcplg

’ug pzsm plm`cr‟/ `g`l cg ķ˅mdczgrtcgxg ķ˅m oa` dc g gzrazlg lmptgsrgrcg

plm`crltgt¶ll-

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Ulpso dc gptg magztc

@OCZPLDRG 34

Smg dlm os`rgrloc icoc rc`cmtc pc msic¶ptc’

@oczpldrg‟- @grc zagtc g`tsgoltgtcgcl1

L˅mpg¶pl ldccg dc

’

@oczpldrg‟/ dc igpsrgrc g tlizsosl/ zagtc ķ˅mt¶cocgpg `g a rcg`t¶lc

og g`tsgoltgtc/ lmd ocngtg igl isot dc uc¶pml`lc dc`˅ķt dc òlzg zrcxcmtg-Dczlmdc ķ˅mpg `si ķ˅mt¶cocnl g`tsgoltgtcg ¶pl uc¶pml`lg8 `ccg `c cptc uc¶pml` ms zagtc

ld o d ˖ ˖ l ˖ o l l l o l l l o ˅

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àmpldcrgt mcg`tsgo; c gdcugrgt `g cvlptg os`rsrl uc¶pml`c ¶pl mcg`tsgoc; `liltlrcoc p˅ķmtog igrnlmcg arg¶pcoar ¶pl gdcpcg abpcrul zrlmtrc zog`st¶coc dc gàoa sricoc noarlloar dcadlmlagrg/ `coc igl isotc ‐ cecicrc-

Dgr ldccg dc `liltlr ms zagtc àmpldcrgtg mcg`tsgog; ml`l ldccg dc ctcrmltgtc/ ml`lg`ccg dc drgnaptc-

Dszg `c zgrgpcp` oa`srloc oar dc ism`g/ ogp˅ķmd dc a zgrtc g`tsgoltgtcg zrads`t¶lcl oar

34- Tcvt dlm 7<56 &zcmtrs xlgrso’

Ism`g‟,/ zsbol`gt ķ˅m’

Raig˅mlg oltcrgrg‟/ 70 lsmlc 2::7-

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pa`lgoc ¶pl zgrtl`lzgrcg oar cucmtsgog og g`tsgoltgtcg zaoltl`g/ agicmll pc ds` og `gpcoc

oar ¶pl dgs dc gotg g`tlultgtc/ g`ccg uc¶pml`g g drgnaptcl/ g paimsosl/ g zolibgrll/ gicdltgt¶lcl-

Ilc il pc zgrc `g uc¶pml`lg òczpldrcl ķ˅¶pl grc g`tsgoltgtcg cl-

Cvlptg ķ˅mpg ¶pl g`tsgoltgtcg grtlptl`g; `rcd `g cmcrnlg `rcgt¶lcl grtlptl`c àmptg taìglķ˅m eart¶g dc g g`tsgolxg a tcig-

Rgiķ˅mc pg pzcr `g ¶pl os`rgrcg icg’

@oczpldrg‟ cptc g`tsgog/ `g gi ngplt rcpsrpcoccmcrnctl`c goc g`tsgolxgrll cl-

PCMTLICMTC P¶L ISXL@G 33

Plit mcualg pg p`rls/ `s darlmt¶g `g n˅ķmdso pg pc g¶pcxc zcrzcmdl`sogr zc f˅ķrtlc- Msigl cvlptg erl`g dc f˅ķrtlc- Igl isot tc ķ˅izlcdl`g zgpgrcg dc zc sigr/ `grc p)g g¶pcxgtdsrgblo ¶pl &tc, zrluc¶ptc; gzragzc `g t¶l)c erl`g; olzpg cl tc)gr ds`c zagtc og dcptrgbgogrc-

Dc gpcicml ms il)c erl`g dc egztso `g urcgs pg ig cvzrli zrlm `sulmtc; ms ginrlhg `g g¶p gpteco igl zst¶lm isxl`lgm-

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Tats¶pl ig ism`cp` pcmtlicmtc ¶pl `ccg `c ķ˅il ulmc pg p`rls cptc n˅ķmdso dcpzrc pcm)tlicmtc/ `grc oc s¶psrcgxg ķ˅m zgrtc/ dgr ¶pl gp`stc pcmtlicmtcoc- N˅ķmdlmds)tc/ s¶psrcxlpcmtlicmtso/ ķ˅o eg`l

’lmdlrc`t‟/ ķ˅o pzsl/ ķ˅o ablc`tlucxl/ ķ˅o dcxg`tsgolxcxl s¶par- L˅mtr)sm pcmp

ķ˅o eg`l igl zst¶lm àm¶ptlcmt `g plit¶lrc/ dc¶pl n˅ķmdso taìgl ķ˅o gds`c ķ˅m egt¶g tg/ ķ˅¶pl eg`c`g ablc`t pcmtlicmtso/ zrlm g`cgptg gp`st¶lmds)o- &Zgrgdav ķ˅m g`t¶lsmc-, Ig lmtcrcpcgxgķ˅mpg g`cpt os`rs ķ˅m isxl`g; og gptg ig n˅ķmdcp` igl isot ¶pl gptg ķ˅il ulmc pg p`rls &ms

33- Tcvt dgtgt 4‐5 gsnspt 7<5>; zsbol`gt ķ˅m’


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pg trgmpilt/ `l pg ogisrcp` ¶pl pg vcx,- Azrlmd n˅ķmdso ķ˅o ķ˅mnfct¶/ ķ˅o vcx ķ˅m p`rlp ¶pl gpteco

ogp oa` olbcr gotsl n˅ķmd; p`rls `g pg rc`ltcp`--- ¶pl lmd`g gi a tcmplsmc lmtcrlagrg `grc pc`crc p`rlpg-

Pķ˅mt slilt `˅ķt dc’

pcmtlicmtgo‟ gi dcucmlt- Zoc`grcg ig ciat¶lamcgxg; dcpzgrt¶lrcg/`flgr zc xc`c xloc/ ig ķ˅mtrlptcgxg/ ig zsmc ķ˅m ulbrgt¶lc ¶pl ulrtsgoicmtc &¶pl ms msiglulrtsgoicmtc, og`rlicx/ il)c ptr˅ķmpg lmlig- L˅m gegrg dc gptg/ il`loc os`rsrl ķ˅il dgsciat¶ll; dc cvcizos/ sm `grtae crt àhlt/ zc igpg/ ķ˅il dg a ciat¶lc rcolnlagpg-

Og ngrg Rg`figmlmau ig ciat¶lamcgxg &pgs `cug ķ˅m ecoso g`cptg,/ `ccg `c ms igķ˅izlcdl g/ `l ig ķ˅mdcgimg pg ig n˅ķmdcp` og grtg osl/ zsm˅ķmd egt¶g ķ˅m egt¶g ldccg icgdcpzrc grtg osl `s ciat¶lg zc `grc il)a dg ķ˅m iaicmtso g`cptg &ciat¶lloc a`gxlamgoc;Bcctfaucm,- L˅mdgtg `c plit ķ˅mt¶czgtsrg/ lmesxlg g`cptcl isxl`l &`g ¶pl a lmhc`t¶lc `grc pcdlesxcgxg ķ˅m arngmlpi/ zsm˅ķmds)o ķ˅m ulbrgt¶lc,/ ķ˅il ulm ¶pl n˅ķmdsrl dcpzrc cg/ `g dcpzrca cvzrcplc g smar pcmtlicmtc `c ig gmlig ķ˅m g`cpt iaicmt-

Isxl`g g`cgptg/ zc `˅ķt c dc tgrc a`gxlamgo/ zc gt˅ķt ms rcxlptg dszg g`ccg; licdlgt

dsz˖ g g`ccg- Pcmtlicmtcoc trc` ¶pl coc/ eart¶g oar ptg ķ˅m iaicmt/ ķ˅m g`tsgoltgtcg oar zpl)faoanl`g/ dgr isxl`g g`cgptg cptc `s gdcugrgt `gds`g- G`cpt

’ķ˅¶pl dg drsiso‟/ g`cgptg

pzamtgmcltgtc/ gbpaost plm`crg/ `s a`fll ilmtll ķ˅m`flpl/ pl zrlm `grc psflg u˅ķh˅ķltso &˅ķm oa`

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pzamtgmcltgtc/ gbpaost plm`crg/ `s a`fll ilmt¶ll ķm`fl¶pl/ ¶pl zrlm `grc psflg uķhķltso &ķm oa`pg psflc pzlrltso,/ ig hcmcgxg/ rgzc¶ptc isxl`ll `cug `grc `rcd `g c cpcmt¶lgo ¶pl dsrgblo-G`cgptg ms igl c isxl`g/ `l `sulmtc- @sulmtcoc pc ngpcp` igl s¶par dc`ķ˅t psmctcoc/ dgrpsmctcoc p˅ķmt igl zrct¶lagpc; trcbslc pg eaoapli psmctcoc ķ˅m`flmķ˅mds)mc oar/ plit¶lmds)ocķ˅mtrcgng oar paocimltgtc mgtsrgog- &Zagtc `g og Rg`figmlmau ig dcrgmhcgxg ¶pl nsptso/

`goltgtcg/ dgr ms gptg ig lmtcrcpcgxg g`si-,Gl`l gi ķ˅m ucdcrc ¶pl

’osztg `s igtcrlgoso‟- Ar/ taìgl ķ˅m iaicmtcoc pcmtlicmtgoc

&`grc trc`/ dgr ogpg sric gd˅ķm`l/ ig ķ˅m`grsmt¶cp ¶pl ig ķ˅ibgtrķ˅mcp`, g¶p darl ¶pl cs pg ms

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oszt `s igtcrlgoso; gdl`g g¶p darl pg ig

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mstrcp`‟ dlm osztg gmtcrlagrg/ zcmtrs g

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trc`c

ķ˅m got`cug‟- G`cpt os`rs goteco ķ˅o eg`c Bg`f dc`˅ķt Rg`figmlmau/ `grslg ķ˅l rcpzc`t iglisot pcmtlicmtcoc dc`˅ķt grtg &Lgr sm zgrgdav gzgrcmt8 grtg igrc mstrc¶ptc pcmtlicmtcoc¶pl cptc mstrltg dc coc/ zc `˅ķmd pcmtlicmtcoc àizrailt grtg,- A isxl g &zagtc ms ¶plgotc grtc, g pcmtlicmtcoar pc sps`g dg`g ms c ķ˅mtrct¶lmstg dc avlncmso lmtcoc`tsosl &`g¶pl avlncmso/ co ms grdc/ `l ķ˅mtrct¶lmc grdcrcg/ c mc`cpgr cl,; ķ˅mt¶cocn `la`mlrcg isxl`gogmcoltcrgrg g psmctcoar/ ķ˅mt¶cocn `rcgrcg smsl ablc`t isxl`go `s ulgt¶g zrazrlc/ `grc grcdrczt àmt¶lmst ‐ ķ˅m gegrg dc pcmtlicmtc ‐ zrazrlg pg earig- P¶l lmtcoc`tso grc mcualc

dc fldrancm/ gdl`g dc igtcrlgo lmflgigblo; g`cptg/ `˅ķmd dculmc flgig ķ˅m`ctcgxg g igl fldrancm; pcmtlicmtso pc avlncmlxcgxg/ grdc-

Ms zat lc¶pl dlm g`cgptg dlgoc`tl`g ¶pl `flgr dg`g a ulgt¶g ķ˅mtrcgng g¶p trgl isxl`goicmtcdlm

’fldrancm‟/ g¶p zrcpszsmc cvlptcmt¶g avlncmsosl/ c `flgr `g sm msigr

’l‟ ķ˅m isxl`g/

gdl`g mclmtcolnlblo dlm zsm`t dc ucdcrc grtlptl`/ dgr gbpaost mc`cpgr zcmtrs g eg`cazcrgt¶lsml lizartgmtc-

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Fldrancmso‟ c sm cocicmt zcrl`soap/ dgr gbpaost mc`cpgr grtcl- Zrcxcmt¶g osl tc grdc/

gbpcmt¶g osl tc sps`g- Dc goteco co pc gzrlmdc msigl ķ˅m zrcxcmt¶g ’avlncmsosl‟; a grtggxatagpg/ dc tlz

’Rg`figmlmau‟/ dg losxlg grdcrll osl- Dc¶pl rczrads`c ¶pl ptlisocgxg

grdcrcg `cosl `c grdc dchg rgiķ˅mc ķ˅mpg a grdcrc trc`gtagrc

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grdcrcg `cosl `c grdc dchg/ rgiķmc ķmpg a grdcrc trc`gtagrc-

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ULPSO DC GPT˖G MAGZTC

35

Ig g¶pcx og ig¶plmg dc p`rlp/ `s sm zgfgrco dc Grignmg` ķ˅m dcp`rc¶ptcrc/ zcmtrs gzaucptl ulpso ics dc gptg magztc; ualgi dc dlilmcgt¶g p)a eg`/ dc `si i)gi trcxlt/dlm tlizso `srpsrloar og @ampcrugtar/ ‐ ulpso ig ptrgbgtcg `g dasg osil tatgo dlecrltcsmg dc `cgogotg/ `g pzlrltso ¶pl igtcrlg-

Gi darilt zst¶lm magztcg gptg; gi gdarilt og sms magztcg dszg oiso Og Rcolnl)

cspc `grc i)g lizrcplamgt dgr ms il)g zog`st; ulpso ķ˅il grgtg `g il)gs rgigp ķ˅m a`fllignlml gobc/ ‐ bgpigoc pgs bgmdghc1 ‐ ķ˅mtr)a gosmc`grc tg`ltsrmg/ rcolnlagpg/ ocmtg/egrg xnaiat- Gosmc`grcg c igl dcnrgbg abol`g/ zgr`g g¶p ucdcg ms `s a`flso/ `l `s smeco dc gzgrgtc dc oigt8 ms gosmc`g gobcoc àrzsrl/ ms oc il¶p` cs `s a`flso ics/ `lgosmc`g ķ˅m trgucoolmn sm gzgrgt dc oigt- Tatso zc sm zgt/ psb bgodg`flm-

Gpcgrg/ ķ˅mglmtc dc g icrnc og `lmcigtanrge/ gi `sizgrgt zc¶ptc ¶pl xgfgr `sbl` gob-L˅il zog`c pg `sizgr zc¶ptc/ ķ˅il zog`c pg)o igm˅ķm`/ dgr ig mcolml¶ptc¶ptc ķ˅mtatdcgsmgldccg `g zc¶ptcoc pc `flmslc dc uls/ `g cs psmt gzragzc dc iagrtcg osl- L˅mtatdcgsmgig n˅ķmdcp` dlm mas8 `c cptc psflctso1 dc smdc ķ˅m`czc psflctso1 `grc cptc ptgdlso pgs

’lmecrlar‟ ¶pl `grc/ cucmtsgo/ smso

’pszcrlar‟1

Z l lho tl e˖t l o ˅ t b l t˅ t l ot ˖ o

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25>

Zrlm ilhoag`c aicmc¶ptl/ egt¶grml`c/ aàocp` ķmtrcbgrcg ¶pl `s gtķt igl isot rgpzsmpso-G`gpg uarbli lgrg¶pl dcpzrc `˅ķt c dc nrcs pg aiarl/ pgs pg og¶pl pg iagrg/ pgs pg ucxlisrlmd sm zc¶ptc; il`so fsiar ig`gbrs aàoc¶ptc g`cptc n˅ķmdsrl ¶pl og srig mc rcpcimgipg ogpgi zc¶ptcoc pg iagrg plmnsr z˅ķmg g dasg xl; dg`g ms ug isrl/ ķ˅o uai ghstg- &

’Sm

zc¶ptc `grslg l pc tglgpc `gzso igl pgrc ķ˅m`g ķ˅m tlnglg gzrlmpg‟;’

Rcflcvc pcmxltluc/ pgsml¶ptc is¶p`fl `grc pc dcptlmd ¶pl z˅ķrķ˅lc ic`gml` og tcizcrgtsrg ķ˅mgotg g tlngll1‟,

35- Tcvt dgtgt 74 lgmsgrlc 7<>:; zsbol`gt ķ˅m’


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P¶l ķ˅mtatdcgsmg ugd sotlicoc rcpzlrgt¶ll goc smsl zc¶ptc/ a`fll lc¶plmd `g `cgzg/ gobl

tg`ltsrml/ rcolnla¶pl `g gl smsl ai- Cl p˅ķmt rcolnla¶pl pgs mal ķ˅l zrluli rcolnla¶pl1

Tagtc g`cptcg gucgs pg rculmg ķ˅m ulp-

L˅mglmtc dc g zaucptl ulpso zrazrls)xlp igl gilmtcp` `˅ķtcug cocicmtc `grc gs lmtrgtķ˅m ulp/ dgr ms t¶lm dc pcgrg dc lcrl/ `l dc lizrcpll igl uc`fl/ dlm gotc oa`srl- Og Isxcsodlm Iapàug cvlptg sm sml` tgboas dc Na|g rczrcxcmt˅ķmd a `gosngrlt¶g isrlmd; `gi03 zc 43 ì- L˅mtatdcgsmg gi rcnrctgt `g g`cptg c sml`so tgboas dc gàoa ¶pl `g ms c

rczrcxcmtgtlu- @gosngrlt¶g ptg agrc`si ķ˅mtlmpg; c zgoldg/ ¶pl tgboaso cptc ¶pl co `gi gob¶pl zgold/ zgold `g cvzrcplc/ zgold `g olzplt dc cvzrcplc- Tgboaso ms il)g gzgrst ķ˅m ulpsodc gxl magztc/ dgr ulpso dc gxl magztc il)g dcxugoslt cvzrcplg osl; `gosngrlt¶g xg`c ¶pltats¶pl mal mc sltgi pzrc cg dc hap ķ˅m psp-

Got cocicmt `grc p)g ogisrlt ķ˅m ulpso dlm magztcg trc`stg pc rcecrg og p`soztsrgRsn˖ g`lsmcg dc Brg˅m`s¶pl- Dlmtatdcgsmg il)g zog`st g`cgptg p`soztsrg/ plizol`grc/cvzrcplc; ms gi ulpgt)a gxl magztc/ dgr dszg ulp i)gi n˅ķmdlt og cg ¶pl il p)g zgrst `g

plizoltgtcg cl ulmc dc gàoa `g aiso cptc--- bgmdghgt- Dcxgignlrc/ `g ¶pl gtsm`l `˅ķmd gidcpàzcrlt `g cvzrcplg sml`g g osl Lam Bgrbs ulmc tats¶pl dc og zgrmgplcml/ dc og Igtcls@grgnlgoc ‐ c `gi mczog`st egztso `g a cvzrcplultgtc `c zgrc sml`g ulmc pl cg dc smdcug-

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@ n z z z z ¶P¶l g`si pg rcogtcx ulpso zc `grc o)gi ulpgt gxl)magztc &zgtso cptc zc g`cog¶pl oa` smdc/zc got zgt/ `s sm gm ķ˅mglmtc/ isrcg igig icg,8 zc sm zgt gob/ psb bgodg`flm/ ucdcgi`s a il¶p`grc dc trgucoolmn pgs igl dcnrgbg abol`g/ `si isrcg Goercd Gocppgmdrcp`s;zgrcg `g pc rldl`g ocmt/ sltķ˅mds)pc ogtcrgo/ ķ˅mgzal pzrc mal; crg ķ˅ibrg`gt ķ˅m gob/ dgr ms

crg a ķ˅ibrg`gilmtc `gosngrcgp`g/ `s tagtg plizoltgtcg cl gpcigmgtagrc Rsn˖ g`lsmll oslBrg˅m`s¶pl/ `l sm plizos bgmdgh `grc ķ˅l ķ˅meg¶psrg tatso ķ˅m gegrg dc `gz; pc sltg tg`st/abol`/ ķ˅mtr)a giblgmt¶g tg`stg/ baobaraplmd egrg xnaiat/ dcp`flxķ˅md ¶pl ķ˅m`flx˅ķmd a`fll

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zcmtrs sotlig agrg/ zcmtrs g ucdcg zcmtrs sotlig agrg osicg g`cgptg/ pgs igl blmc

xlp/ osicg dc gàoa dlm ulp-Gzal i)gi trcxlt- Agrc eg` blmc `g rczaucptcp` g`cpt ulp pgs igl blmc gr eapt p g

ogp ulpso pg iagrg egrg xnaiat/ dagr `s ugnl sric ķ˅m magztcg gilmtlrloar1 @c lmmltgcptc osicg'

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2>:

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Tcarlg iadsrloar/ gxl 3>

L˅m 7<55/ og pcplsmcg ¶ptllmt¶l`g g @ampcrugtarsosl @lzrlgm Zarsibcp`s gi zrcxcmtgtàisml`grcg

’Cocicmtc goc smcl tcarll ncmcrgoc g iadsrloar‟- Pcplsmcg crg ķ˅m`flmgtg

osl @ampt- Brgloals ¶pl àisml`grcg zgrcg agrc`si ogtsrgoml`g/ dszg `si zrcxcmtgàisml`grc zagtc zgrcg dczgrtgtg dc tcig zaptiadcrmlpisosl &`grc cptc g g`tsgoclpcplsml,- L˅m egzt os`rsrloc ms ptgs gpteco-

˅Lm 7<55 gi dcmlt iadso `g a isot¶lic dc psmctc ardamgtc psltar; tcricmso dcisot¶lic cptc eaoaplt rlnsrap8 p`grloc dc psmctc pc àizartg `g isot¶lil; src`fcg isxl`gog

zcr`czc cocicmtcoc àismc goc dasg iadsrl ¶pl àmpldcrg iadsrloc `g gzrazlgtc gtsm`l˅ d ˖ o t o t l o t t d ˖

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2>7

`ķmd msigrso psmctcoar àismc cptc igl igrc; gsxso àism rcsmc¶ptc pzamtgm dasgiadsrl `s igl zst¶lmc psmctc ķ˅mtr)sm iad `s igl isotc psmctc/ àmt¶lmķ˅md tagtc psmctcociadsrloar rcsmltc-

L˅m g`cptc zrlic àmptgtgrl ig bgxgi zc cvzcrlcmt¶g mcaiadgog g ncmcrgt¶lcl dlm

`grc eg` zgrtc; zrlmtrc zlamlcrll g`cptcl tcfml`l gilmtcp` &˅ķm ardlmc goegbctl`g, zc ^l)3>- @aisml`grc og @ampcrugtarso @lzrlgm Zarsibcp`s/ og a pcplsmc ¶ptllmt¶l`g dcpzrc zaptiadcrmlpi

[dszg 7<<2Y-

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ofcoi Bcrncr/ Dgm @amptgmtlmcp`s/ I|rlgi Igrbc/ P¶tcegm Ml`socp`s/ Tlbcrls Aogf/

Gdrlgm Rgt¶ls/ Gsrco Ptrac/ @armco T¶ grgms- Psrpcoc dc lmpzlrgt¶lc pc gflgs ķ˅m Cmcp`s/Bgrtak/ Icpplgcm/ cbcrm- Pc os`rg `s tatgoso `raigtl` ¶pl pc eaoapcgs isot iadsrlocàizocicmtgrc-

Og urcicg rcpzc`tlug tcfml`g g`cgptg g zgrst smarg grtl`lgog; iadsrloc plictrl`cpgs `s trgmpzaxlt¶ll oliltgtc gs ¶pl eapt zarcòltc

’grtl`lgoc‟; tlmcrll dc gtsm`l gs eapt

`rltl`gt¶l `g lizartgtarl dc tcfml`l ptrglmc ¶pl ptrl`gtarl gl trgdlt¶lcl pgmgtagpc- Dgr dlmzgrtcg `cgogotg/ dlmpzrc a``ldcmt/ ķ˅m zcrlagdg dc u˅ķre g tcfml`ll pcrlgoc/ mall iadgol¶ptlzgrcgs/ dlizatrlug/ rgig¶pl ķ˅m srig; Zcmdcrc`kl/ `grc g ulxltgt Raig˅mlg og ķ˅m`czstsogmloar “5:/ pzsmcg `g g`cpt iadgolpi c sm pcrlgolpi `gisflgt/ ķ˅mtr)a t¶grg ķ˅m `grc pcrlg)olpiso cptc lmtcrxlp- Nrc¶pcgs ¶pl smll ¶pl `clogot¶l- Dc goteco/ tat¶l àizaxltarll igl psp `ltgt¶lgs gbardgt cl ķ˅m¶pl¶pl gotc arlxamtsrl ķ˅mtr)a zcrlagdg ķ˅m `grc zcptc tat isxl`g pc gflg ķ˅m`gstgrl ecbrloc8 gocgtarlpiso/ ptcrcaeamlg/ igmlzsogrcg bgmdcl ignmctl`c/ masg matgt¶lcisxl`gog/ earigolxgrcg ¶pl gstaigtlxgrcg zra`cpsosl dc àizaxlt¶lc crgs paol`ltgmtc; ķ˅mg`cgptg zrlulmt¶g isxl`g raig˅mcgp`g g gust smcoc zrlarltgt¶l dc `grc ms p)g zrcugogturcadgtg/ mclmd dailmgtg dc pzlrlt zrata`ramlpt-

L˅m `ccg `c ig zrluc¶ptc/ il)gi dgt pcgig rczcdc `g tcvtso zc `grc pc bgxg àis)l dl 7<55 t o d o bol t l l d t˖ @˖ l d ˖ ˖ lo

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2>2

ml`grcg dlm 7<55 cptc og`smgr; dc g`ccg ms o)gi zsbol`gt ml`ladgtg- @g`l/ dg`g p`grlocdc psmctc gs ķ˅mtr)gdcugr sm ptgtst dc isot¶lil/ smdc psmt lmtcrugococ1 @grc cptc ptgts)tso g`cptarg1 Dcxocngrcg g`cptcl `fcptlsml il)g osgt gml bsml ¶pl ms gi ngplt)a ķ˅m urcablbolatc`g/ `l ķ˅m gtcolcrso ics dc àizaxltar- L˅m tagtg g`cgptg zcrlagdg gi àizsp

dcplnsr/ ms msigl `s psmctc/ `l ¶pl `s lmtcrugoc---Tats¶pl/ ķ˅m`g dc og zrlill zg¶pl/ dcicrpso ics tcarctl` &`g ¶pl zrg`tl`g isxl gog g

ķ˅mtrcnll ncmcrgt¶ll, il)g zcrilp pg cilt smcoc ldcl ķ˅m àmtrgdl`t¶lc `s zgrcrloc gugmngrdcl

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iamdlgoc dc zc gtsm`l- Gi psbolmlgt lizartgmt¶g iadsrloar il`l dlm 0/ 4/ 3/ 5 cocicmtc;

ķ˅m tliz `c iadsrloc igrl gs `goltgtcg dc g lmòsdc igl isotc iadsrl il`l/ sm iadil` grc `goltgtcg dc g lmòsp ķ˅m isotc iadsrl igrl; pzrc cvcizos sm gàrd igharzagtc rcngplt ķ˅m igl isotc tamgoltgtl/ dgr ¶pl ķ˅m isotc gotc iadsrl `s isotc cocicmtc-L˅m gmll “5: pc igl n˅ķmdcg ķ˅m`g mglu

’zranrcplpt‟ `g isxl`g cuaoscgxg `gtrc `cug tat igl

àizocv; iadsrloc il`l crgs ķ˅m gegrg dlp`st¶lcl/ dc¶pl/ dg`g ^cbcrm gr eapt ptsdlgt`s gtcmt¶lc/ p)gr àmptgtgt `g co g eaoaplt ķ˅m tcfml g pg pcrlgog g`cgptg zrazrlctgtc giadsrloar il`l &og co trampagmc dc pcrll, dc g rcngpltc ķ˅m isotc ¶pl dlucrpc iadsrl

igrl-L˅mtr)sm ptsdls ķ˅mtltsogt

’Rcgbloltgrcg iadsrloar dcec`tluc‟ gi psbolmlgt lizartgm)

t¶g aolnaàrdlloar/ g tctrgàrdlloar ¶pl zcmtgtamlloar- Dlm òazatmlt¶g tcfml`ll tamgoc g`cptciadsrl cocicmtgrc crgs dc isot ugxstc `g dcec`tluc; g`si/ dlm gulamso tcfml`ll pcrlgocķ˅mpg¶pl tamgoltgtcg gzgrcg `g lmàizoctg/ dcec`tlug- Gugmngrdg t¶lmtcg il`ratamlg zcmtrsg

’dczg¶pl‟ `raigtlpiso tatgo-

Mat¶lsml `g dlgtaml` ¶pl `raigtl` zgrcgs gtsm`l lrcocugmtc/ olzpltc dc arl`c g`tsgoltg)tc- Adgtg `s ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg ptgtstsosl lmtcrugocoar p)g àmtsrgt a masg àm`czt¶lc dcpzrcdlgtamlc ¶pl `raigtlpi8 c`grc iad grc ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz sm gmsilt nrgd dc dlgtamlc ¶pldc `raigtlpi; og `coc lmtcmp `raigtl`c dlgtamlg cptc eagrtc rcdspg og `coc dlgtaml`c

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2>0

dc `raigtlpi; og `coc lmtcmp `raigtl`c dlgtamlg cptc eagrtc rcdspg/ og `coc dlgtaml`c`raigtlpiso cptc eagrtc rcdsp; gi cogbargt ¶pl a ictadg dc igpsrgrc g nrgdsosl dc dl)gtamlc ¶pl dc `raigtlpi g smsl iad/ bgxgtg zc àizgrgrcg ¶plrsrloar dc ùlmtc zcrec`tcàmcvc ¶pl dc pciltamsrl àmcvc ķ˅m lmtcrlarso g`coslg¶pl iad- Cptc egopg ldccg `g sm iad

`raigtl` cptc igl àizocv dc`˅ķt smso dlgtaml`-Og tlizso rcpzc`tlu ldcloc g`cptcg mal zgrcgs `gi rctranrgdc; ¶pl g icg Plieamlc g

LL)g gzgrst ķ˅m dlgtamlpiso cl `g icrn˅ķmd ķ˅mgzal; zrlultc gptgxl/ g`cptc ldcl gzgr ķ˅mpg

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`g gugmngrdg/ `g`l cuaost¶lg sotcrlagrg g grtcl isxl`goc g àmrigt g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc-

Dlgtamlg g rcucmlt `s zstcrc ķ˅m isxl`g masg-P¶l n˅ķmdlrcg tcarctl`g p)g ķ˅mdrcztgt ķ˅m g`cgptg dlrc`t¶lc; sm nrsz dc isxlàoanl dlm

smlucrpltgt¶l gicrl`gmc dc ersmtc ptsdlgxg `ccg `c cl msicp`’

smlucrpso‟ isxl`ll dlg)taml`c- Zra`cdcso dc igpsrgrc g dlgtamlcl ¶pl `raigtlpisosl smsl iad cptc dcxuaotgt¶pl rgmgt gxl og smlucrpltgtcg dlm Bsgoa- Og plizaxlamso lmtcrmgt¶lamgo

’Isxl`g ¶pl

igtcigtl`g‟ &7<<3, gi gust psrzrlxg pg àmptgt `g `fcptlsmcg dlgtamlcl g dcucmlt azrca`szgrc g isotar zgrtl lzgmt¶l-

L˅m 7<>> tagtc g`cptc ldcl mal pc àmtsrgpcrg ògr/ lgr gzgrgtso tcfml` go tcarlcl crg zspog zsm`t; ilhoag`coc pc grtl`sogs griamlap- Os`rgrcg p)g ķ˅mtltsogt8

’Dc og iadsrl/ `gtrc

sm iadco go nķ˅mdlrll isxl`goc lmtcrugol`c‟- L˅mtr)gdcugr/ lmtcrugococ crgs g`si zrcxcmtc¶pl ic`gmlpiso tcarctl` dcp`rlg àrc`t g`cgptg trgpgtsrg pzc`l`g ¶pl cmlnigtl`g g isxl`lldc g ocng psmctcoc dc lmtcrugoc- Os`rgrcg g ugxst osilmg tlzgrsosl ķ˅m 7<6: psb tltoso

’@grtcg iadsrloar‟-

Igcptrso Plnlpismd Tadst¶g g gzrc lgt os`rgrcg ¶pl g àmpldcrgt)a `g tcxg dc da`)targt; ķ˅mpg zrlultg gxl/ g`cgptg tcxg grc a ptrgmlc `grg`tcrlptl`g8 blbolanrgg og `grc pcrcecrg cptc gzragzc lmcvlptcmtg- G`cgptg gbpcmt¶g g blbolanrgcl anolmdc¶ptc egrg pg urcglxaogrcg ķ˅m `grc g eapt àm`czstg os`rgrcg Plmnsrcoc cl psrpc psmt tcvtcoc isxl`goc

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2>4

lxaogrcg ķm `grc g eapt àm`czstg os`rgrcg- Plmnsrcoc cl psrpc psmt tcvtcoc isxl`goc/cvzcrlcmt¶g àizamlptl`g ¶pl gmgoltl`g g gstarsosl cl-

P¶l tats¶pl smso dlmtrc rcecrcmt¶ll cl/ zrae- Paoaiam Igr`sp il)g pzsp8 ms pc zagtc`g ķ˅m osicg gptg ogrng pg ms pc n˅ķmdlt ¶pl gotc zcrpagmc og os`rsrl gpcigmgtagrc; P-

Igr`sp g pzsp ¶pl gotar àizaxltarl raig˅ml `g zrcpszsmc gmsiltc zrlarltgt¶l ķ˅m nķ˅mdlrcgmagptrg isxl gog ¶pl c zg`gt `g ms lmtrgi ķ˅m àmtg`t `s osicg ogrng ¶pl `g ms zsbol`gi¶pl ķ˅m gotc `cmtrc isxl`goc zstcrml`c-

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Rgpzsmpso g ucmlt gzragzc dcog plmc dszg zsbol`grcg ‟@˖ grt¶ll iadsrloar ‟- Igtcig)

tl`lgmso Dr- Dgm Tsdar Usxg g `ltlt ’@grtcg iadsrloar ‟/ g ucrl`gt ¶pl g dciamptrgtdlm zsm`t dc ucdcrc igtcigtl` gpcrt¶lsmloc `szrlmpc ķ˅m cg/ d˅ķmds)l gpteco sm esmdgicmttcarctl` igl zstcrml`- Co g zrcxcmtgt og G`gdcilg raig˅mg a àisml`grc ķ˅m g`cpt pcmp/g zsbol`gt ¶pgpc grtlàoc dc àicmtgrls ķ˅m

’Rcusc rasiglmc dc igtfcigtlwscp gzzol)

wsccp ‟/ lgr ķ˅m oltanrgg àmpcrugtarsosl’

@- Zarsibcp`s‟ sm uaosi dc’

Oc`t¶ll dc tcarlg

igtcigtl`˖ g g iadsrloar ‟-

L˅m zsbol`gt¶lloc gicrl`gmc

’

Hasrmgo ae Ispl` Tfcar| ‟ pl

’

Zcrpzc`tlucp ae Mc~ Is)

pl` ‟ gi gust psrzrlxg dc g ngpl dlucrpc grtlàoc `grc eaoapcgs g`cocg¶pl plibaosrl ¶pl smgzgrgt igtcigtl` gpcigmgtar g`coslg go maptrs dlm Raig˅mlg-

’@grtcg iadsrloar ‟ g gtrgp gtcmt¶lg Lmptltstsosl dc Isxl`g @amtcizargmg dlm

Dgriptgdt `grc i)g lmultgt pg zrcxlmt maloc ldcl og @amnrcpso dcpzrc tamgoltgtc dlmugrg gmsosl 7<64 ķ˅m `gdrso `srpsrloar dc ugrg dc gàoa- Ms gi àmptgtgt sm càs dca)pcblt/ dc¶pl zrc¶pcdlmtcoc àmnrcpsosl g eapt @gro Dgofgsp/ `co igl lizartgmt tcarctl`lgmisxl`go dlm Ncrigmlg- L˅m p`flib rculptg

’Zcrpzc`tlucp ae Mc~ Ispl` ‟ g zsbol`gt ķ˅m

gmso srigtar &7<63, àisml`grcg icg psb tltoso pciml`gtlu Iadsrloc ‐ a g trclg

osic ‟; pc ķ˅mt¶cocnc/ `cocogotc dasg osil gr tamgolpiso ¶pl pcrlgolpiso-

L˅m àisml`grcg dlm 7<64 gi `ltgt msicoc smar zracilmcmtl `cr`ctgtarl gicrl`gml dc

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2>3

Lm àisml`grcg dlm 7<64 gi `ltgt msicoc smar zracilmcmt¶l `cr`ctgtarl gicrl`gml dc`grc gflgpci ķ˅mtrc tliz8 Ilotam Bgbbltt/ Ncarnc Zcroc/ Goocm Eartc/ Dguld Oc~lm/ HafmRgfm/ Rabcrt Iarrlp- L˅m egzt/ g`c¶ptlg rczrcxcmtgs dchg dasg ncmcrgt¶ll dc `cr`ctgtarl/lgr ķ˅m gmll “6: p)g culdcmt¶lgt a g trclg ncmcrgt¶lc-

Gblg igl t˅ķrxls gi zstst ķ˅mt¶cocnc `si p)g zstst ķ˅mt˅ķizog &g¶p pzsmc8 ķ˅m iad lmc)ultgblo, `g zarmlmd dlm dlrc`t¶ll dlecrltc8 dc og gmgolxg isxl ll gtamgoc ķ˅m P-S-G-/ dc ogzrg`tl`g iadgolpisosl iadcrm ķ˅m Raig˅mlg/ pg pc ghsmng og rcxsotgtc gt˅ķt dc gzrazlgtc-

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L˅m 7<6: &dc`l ķ˅m g`cog¶pl gm `g ¶pl’

@grtcg iadsrloar ‟, g gzgrst ķ˅m P-S-G- `grtcg

osl Hafm Rgfm ’Tfc Bgpl` Gtamgo Tfcar| ‟ &Tcarlg dc bgx˖ g g gtamgolpisosl , `grcrczrcxcmtg sm iaicmt dc plmtcxg g rcxsotgtcoar `cr`ctgtarloar gicrl`gml- @ltlmd)a `˅ķt¶luggml igl t˅ķrxls/ il p)g zgrst `g tcarlg icg cptc zsr ¶pl plizos plmamlig `s g`ccg ggicrl`gmloar/ dc`˅ķt `g cl zarmcp` dc og gmgolxg isxl`ll gtamgoc; zc cl l)gs lmtcrcpgtos`rgrloc osl P`f¦ambcrn ¶pl cbcrm dlm zcrlagdg zrcicrngtagrc isxl`ll pcrlgoc/ `coc gocosl Bcrn `grc gicptc`g gtamgolpiso `s dadc`geamlg/ zlcpcoc osl Bgrtak ¶pl Ptrgulmpkl`grc psmt dagr gtamgoc egrg g ¶pl dadc`geaml`c- Gs ghsmp gtsm`l og ldccg dc zlt`f ògpp

pct/ dc isot¶lic dc ògpc dc ķ˅mgotlil/ gdl`g a p`grg dc psmctc ķ˅m `grc c`grc cocicmtcptc dc egzt a ògpg dc ķ˅mgot¶lil &matg da ‐ dc cvcizos ‐ cptc ògpg tstsrar da)srloar/og arl`c a`tgug p)gr ngpl coc,- Ar g`cgptg dcmlt¶lc cptc g`ccg zc `grc gi dgt)a mat¶lsmlldc iad ķ˅m àisml`grcg icg dlm 7<55 gl`l og àmpcrugtar-

Gicrl`gmll ucdcgs g`cgptg zlt`f ògpp pct tfcar| `g a trcgztg dc zrcngtlrc g lmtrgrllķ˅m isxl`g pcrlgog; g`cgptg rgiķ˅mcg zcmtrs cl earig pszcrlagrg g isxl`ll ķ˅m pcàoso VV-Gblg igl t˅ķrxls/ ķ˅m zrcghig gmloar “<:/ g gust oa` a p`flibgrc dc`lplug dc g``cmt dlmpzrc

tcarlg isxl`ll pcrlgoc pzrc `ccg `c og ķ˅m`czst ol pc zgrspc dagr a gmg`rsxg g cl-

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2>5

L˅m rcgoltgtc/ gt˅ķt tcarlg dc bgxg g gtamgolpisosl/ `˅ķt ¶pl tcarlg iadcrmg g iadsrl)oar pàpcpcrg og lucgog smcoc ocnl ncmcrgoc goc ķ˅mt¶cocncrll &nķ˅mdlrll , isxl`goc / ocnl `grcesm`t¶lamcgxg ķ˅m daicmll gtķ˅t dc dczgrtgtc ķ˅mtrc coc `g isxl`g gtamgog ¶pl isxl`g iadgog-

Coc pc gzol`g tat gt˅ķt dc lmtcmp gt˅ķt ķ˅m isxl`g tamgog `˅ķt ¶pl ķ˅m `cg pcrlgog- @ccg `c gs ķ˅màism isxl`g iadgog ¶pl `cg gtamgog cptc `grg`tcrso dlesx; ķ˅m tliz `c isxl`g tamgog¶pl pcrlgog psmt daicmll àdl`gtc/ `s rcnsol `rlptgolxgtc/ daicmlloc iadgo ¶pl gtamgo zgr

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pg ms glbg ml`l sm eco dc rcnsol ncmcrgoc; isotltsdlmcg dc osil iadgoc zgrc p g glbg ķ˅m

àism dagr egztso `g dlm coc zat cvtrgpc p`grl iadgoc; lgr daicmlso gtamgo grc `grcnsog ecrig dagr mcngrcg pgs ig`gr aàolrcg tamgoltgt¶ll- Taìgl dc g`ccg/ `ccg `c gzstst trc`c mcabpcrugt ķ˅m osicg tamgog ¶pl ķ˅m `cg pcrlgog/ g lc¶plt licdlgt og pszrgegt¶g ķ˅mdaicmlloc iadgo ¶pl gtamgo-

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Og ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “<: zgrcg `g tcarlg raig˅mcgp`g g iadsrloar ¶pl g`ccg gicrl`gmgpsmt zsr ¶pl plizos plmamlic8 dasg msic zcmtrs g`ccg¶pl tcarlc ¶pl ictadg- @amtg`tcoc zc`grc oc)gi gust ķ˅m tlizso àmecrlmt¶coar t¶lmstc ķ˅m 7<<2 ķ˅m dlecrltc smlucrpltgt¶l gicrl`gmc/gs pàp tats¶pl og lucgog dlecrcmt¶c dc zra`cdcc ¶pl dc icmtgoltgtc/ gpszrg `grarg il)gsgtrgp gtcmt¶lg smll dlmtrc lmtcroa`starl/ ķ˅mdcapcbl Gmm Pfrcflcr ¶pl Og~rcm`c ^- @afm dcog Smlucrpltgtcg dlm @fl`gna-

Dcplnsr `g ism`g cmarig ¶pl oltcrgtsrg g`sisogtg dc trcl ptrgos`ltc ncmcrgt¶ll dc

`cr`ctgtarl gicrl`gml cptc lizrcplamgmtg ¶pl grc sm `grg`tcr cvfgsptlu8 igtcrlg cptclmtcnrgo dlncrgtg/ gmgolxg cptc tatgog-

Tcarlg raig˅mcgp`g/ gzgrstg igl zst¶lm ķ˅m lmtcrlarso smcl g`tlultgtl tcarctl`c zsrc/ `˅ķtigl gocp ķ˅m ogbargtarso smcl zrg`tl`l àizamlptl`c pc dlptlmnc zrlm gmsiltc trgpgtsrl

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2>>

igl gocp ķm ogbargtarso smcl zrg`tl`l àizamlptl`c/ pc dlptlmnc zrlm gmsiltc trgpgtsrlplmtctl`c ¶pl azcrgtluc- Dlm mc`cpltgt¶l azcrgtluc gi p`srtgt drsiso/ lmtrads`˅ķmd ķ˅m`gdlm gmll “>: mat¶lsmcg dc ptrs`tsr˖ g iadgo˖ g &zc `grc gicrl`gmll/ `grc gs lmtradsp)a iglt˅ķrxls/ a msicp` lmtcrugo grrg| ,; azcrgt¶lsmloc dlrc`t `s lmtcrugococ gs sm `grg`tcr `cug

igl gbptrg`t/ zcmtrs `g psmctcoc ms psmt zrcxcmtc ķ˅m g`cpt `gx/ `l dagr psb˅ķmt¶cocpc-Gpteco/ dc cvizos/ gi ngplt zra`cdcc dc dctcrilmgrc g àizocicmtgrcl smcl ptrs`)tsrl iadgoc os`r˅ķmd dlrc`t gpszrg ptrs`tsrll/ egrg g rc`srnc og psmctc; og eco zra`cdcc

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dc gflgrc g lmòsxlsmloar/ zra`cdcc dc eg`tarlxgrc ¶p-g- L˅m ncmcrgo/ `ccg `c gi msilt ķ˅m

Raig˅mlg tcarlg iadsrloar zsmc g``cmt zc azcrgt¶lsmloc iadgoc - Ar g`cgptg icmtgol)tgtc p)g daucdlt g tat igl g`tsgog8 icmtgoltgtcg dc àoc`t¶lamgrc `cdcgxg oa` `coclazcrgtluc; ķ˅m olmll igrl/ ķ˅m zcrlagdg rc`cmtg lmucmtgrcg dc ua`gbsogrc g dcucmlt iglzst¶lm lizartgmtg dc`˅ķt zrca`szgrcg dc grtl`sogrc g ua`gbsogrsosl ķ˅m nrgigtl`l mal;goteco pzsp/ zrca`szgrcg zcmtrs àizaxlt¶lc &`g ¶pl ķ˅m zl`tsrg ķ˅m tlizso osl @cxgmmc,trc`c ķ˅mglmtcg g`coclg dc lmaugt¶lc-

L˅m 7<<: g gzgrst ķ˅m P-S-G- a `grtc masg; tltoso cl cptc pliztaigtl`8 ’Lmtrads`tlamta tfc Zapt)tamgo Tfcar| ‟&Lmtrads`crc og tcarlg zapt)tamgo˖ g , dc Hapczf M- Ptrgsp/zraecpar og @lt| Smlucrplt| ae Mc~ \ark- Sm p`srt àicmtgrls pc lizsmc8 dc¶pl psbptgmt¶g`grt¶ll c gzrazlgtg dc g`ccg g osl Hafm Rgfm/ pc àmptgtg dlm `gzso oa`sosl sm massmnfl dc gbardgrc; ms igl c uarbg dc tcarlg dc bgxg g gtamgolpisosl/ `grc lnmargtamgoltgtcg zcmtrs g lmtrads`c ķ˅m pcrlgolpi- G`si c uarbg dc a tcarlc zapt)tamgog/`grc ms mcgng tamgoltgtcg/ `l a lmtcnrcgxg ķ˅mtr)a ulxlsmc pszcrlagrg- Dcplnsr/ `grtcg osl

Ptrgsp ms rcgolxcgxg tatgo g`cpt zralc`t/ co cptc ķ˅m `srp- Dgr masg ulxlsmc ‐ lmtcnrgtagrc‐ cptc zrcxcmtg; pcrlgolpiso ms igl c ugxst `g ptgdls sotli/ `co igl ķ˅mgot go isxl ll/g¶pg `si àmpldcrg gugmngrdg g`si a hsigtgtc dc ucg`- Lmtcrcpso `grt¶ll cptc ķ˅m bsmgigpsrg zcdgnanl`; ķ˅mtr)gdcugr maloc ldcl maloc ictadc dc gmgolxg psmt cvzspc ķ˅m g`cpt

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2>6

igpsrg zcdgnanl`; ķmtr)gdcugr/ maloc ldcl/ maloc ictadc dc gmgolxg psmt cvzspc ķm g`cptbcpt pcoocr zcdgnanl` `s pàzso dc g zgtrsmdc ķ˅m ķ˅mugt¶giķ˅mtso isxl`go- @cr`ctgrcgisxlàoanl`g p)g eg`st ķ˅m smlucrpltgt¶l dc u˅ķre dc `gtrc pzlrltc dc coltg/ lgr g`si/ ķ˅m`ct)ķ˅m`ct/ rcxsotgtcoc pc dlesxcgxg ķ˅m igl tagtc dczgrtgicmtcoc isxl`goc dlm smlucrpltgt¶l-

G`cgptg tcmdlmt¶g dc rcearigrc g ķ˅mugt¶grll tcarlcl isxl`goc c zrcxcmtg ms msigl ķ˅mP-S-G-/ `l ¶pl ķ˅m gotc t¶grl; og Smlucrpltgtcg Ogugo dlm Wscbc` &@gmgdg, gi `smap`st zczraecparso Zgso @gdrlm `grc ¶pl)g eg`st ptsdlloc og Smlucrpltgtcg Brltlpf @aosiblg dlm

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Ugmàsucr ¶pl g pspt¶lmst a tcxg dcpzrc Px|igmaupkl; zrae- @gdrlm gucg taìgl ilplsmcg

dc g rcearig ķ˅mugtgi˅ķmtso tcarctl` dlm Smlucrpltgtcg Ogugo-L˅m Csrazg g`cptc ldcl zgtrsmd `s ķ˅mt˅ķrxlcrc- Csrazcmll zat àmptgtg `s rcnrct `g

ldcloc smar P`f¦ambcrn ¶pl P`fcmkcr gs eapt àmtlmsgtc `rltl` ¶pl `rcgtar taìgl ķ˅m P-S-G-

(

L˅mtķ˅omli gdcpcg a ķ˅mt¶cocncrc nrc¶pltg g zaptiadcrmlpisosl/ ķ˅m pcmpso smsl olbcrtl)

mgh `grc pc zrctlmdc olbcrtgtc ¶pl g smsl còc`tlpi `grc pc dg drczt àizocvltgtc- Ariadcrmlpiso ms cptc got`cug dc`˅ķt pltsgt¶lg lptarl`g ķ˅m `grc olibghc isxl`goc `grc gseapt àmpldcrgtc iagrtc àmtlmsg pg trglgp`g/ lgr gotcoc `grc pc àmpldcrgs cvzrcplc so)tlig g zranrcpsosl/ pc daucdcp` dczg¶pltc; ķ˅m egzt olibghcoc iadgo/ tamgo/ gtamgo/ pcrlgoàcvlptg- L˅mpg tcarlg iadsrloar/ `g ¶pl zlt`f ògpp pct tfcar| gs dcpàzcrlt ocnl `grcesm`t¶lamcgxg ķ˅m c`grc dlm g`cptc olibghc-

Cza`g iadcrmlpicoar cvòsplulptc ķ˅m `grc c`grc `srcmt mcgng zc `co gmtcrlar/ cza`g

ķ˅m `grc grtg isxl`gog zstcg gzgrcg smarg `g sm `gdgurs/ g trc`st- Trgli a cza`g mscvòsplulptg/ `l lmtcnrgtagrc-L˅m eamd/ g`cptc ocnl mal `grc gs eapt zspc ķ˅m culdcmt¶g dc maloc tcarll/ psmt ocnl goc

ķ˅mtcocncrll isxl`goc; cvzcrlcmtg mc grgtg `g gpzc`tcoc `coc igl cocicmtgrc pl igl bgmgoc

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2><

ķmt¶cocncrll isxl`goc; cvzcrlcmt¶g mc grgtg `g gpzc`tcoc `coc igl cocicmtgrc ¶pl igl bgmgocpsmt ¶pl `coc igl zstcrml`c; lmòsxlsmcg &iadsrloc il`l lmòspc ķ˅m `coc bangtc/ trlpamsrloclmòspc ķ˅m tamgoltgt¶l,/ lmtcrpc`t¶lg &matcoc àismc ķ˅mtrc tamgoltgt¶l pgs ķ˅mtrc gàrdsrl, psmtilhoag`c isxl`goc zstcrml`c ¶pl gtķ˅t dc dcp ķ˅mtķ˅omltc/ ķ˅m`˅ķt coc trc` mcabpcrugtc-

G`tlultgtcg gmgoltl`g rc`cmtg zrlm zrlpig tcarlcl iadsrloar lg psb oszg tat igl dcpisxl g ògpl`g- Igl psp uarbcgi dcpzrc Ptrgulmpkl/ Bgrtak/ P`f¦ambcrn `g psblc`t dczrca`szgrc- Lgtg `g g`si psmt tat igl isot ptsdlgt¶l ¶pl raigmtl`ll zrlm zrlpig g`coarg¶pl

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ldcl; ķ˅mtr)sm ptsdls rc`cmt ocngt dc iadso plictrl` `s trgmpzaxltll oliltgtc &0/7/0/7/0/7,/

‐ sm iad zc `grc Icpplgcm o)g lnmargt ‐ Og~rcm`c ^- @afm n gpc¶ptc cvcizococ `cocigl pciml`gtluc ķ˅m isxl`g osl Olpxt ¶pl @cpgr Ergm`k/ ķ˅m azcrg

’Zgrplego ‟ dc ^gnmcr

&cptc uarbg dc azaxlt¶lg gàrdsosl ighar `s ilmarso pltsgt `s a tcrt¶g igrc igl hap,-

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Dg`g os`rsrloc ptgs gpteco/ gtsm`l pc zsmc ķ˅mtrcbgrcg8 ķ˅m `c igpsrg c tcarlg g`cgptg a

tcarlc g iadsrloar/ dc urcic `c cg cptc ¶pl a tcarlc g gtamgolpisosll ¶pl `flgr g tamgoltgt¶ll1L˅m egzt/ cg cptc a tcarlc g p`grloar isxl`goc/ g ecososl `si psmt coc zcr`czstc dc tagtgosicg/ a tcarlc g ic`gmlpisosl `grc ocgng psmctcoc dc lmtcrugoc-

Ablc`t¶lsmcg cptc ķ˅mdrltsltg; il)gi earisogt)a ¶pl cs; ķ˅m egzt iadso cptc sm ecmaicmisxl`go àizocv; ķ˅m zrg`tl`g ms cvlptg p`grl/ `l tat ecoso dc earisoc iadgoc icoadl`c-P`grloc iadgoc psmt dchg sm zradsp tcarctl`/ sm rcxsotgt go gbptrg`tlxgrll- L˅mpg g`cgptggbptrg`tlxgrc ms cptc grbltrgrg- Sm iad ms cptc dagr a p`grg isxl`gog/ dgr arl`c

iad lizol`g ¶pl a p`grg- Hg`wscp @fglooc| o)g `rltl`gt zc Aolulcr Icpplgcm zcmtrs g àmesmdgt iadsrloc `s p`grloc; rgpzsmpso ms zagtc dc`˅ķt g`cog¶pl8 iadsrloc ms pcrcds` og p`grloc zc `grc coc pc àmptltslc/ dgr arl`c iad lizol`g ¶pl a p`grg- L˅m ncmcrgo/arl`c iadcogrc g ecmaicmcoar oc pgrg`cptc ķ˅m iad lmcultgblo; iadcogrcg zcriltc ķ˅mpg a

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26:

arl`c iadcogrc g ecmaicmcoar oc pgrg`c¶ptc ķm iad lmcultgblo; iadcogrcg zcriltc ķmpg aķ˅mt¶cocncrc ķ˅m gd˅ķm`lic g ptrs`tsrll ¶pl ecososl oar dc esm`t¶lamgrc; cptc c`lcmtg ¶pl àmds`cdczgrtc- L˅m dlp`stgrcg g`cptcl `fcptlsml ms ptrl`g pg mc gilmtli dc rcàigmdgrcg zc`grc g eg`st)a Dlgnflocu t˅ķmgrsosl Zrakacu8 àizaxltarso pg)¶pl oliltcxc ilhoag`coc dc

cvzrcplc zcmtrs g t¶lmtl igl dczgrtc/ `g`l &pzsmcg co, noamt¶so bgtc ķ˅mnspt dgr bgtcdczgrtc-Sm gpzc`t gzgrcmt gt˅ķt dc plizos ¶pl cocicmtgr `si c a p`grg isxl`gog pc daucdc¶ptc g

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sm ecmaicm cvtrci dc àizocv/ `flgr cmlnigtl`; ķ˅mt¶cocncrcg osl ķ˅m gd˅ķm`lic àmds`c

eagrtc dczgrtc-

(

L˅m `gdrso g`cptcl àisml`grl gi darlt pg trc` ķ˅m rculptg ms gt˅ķt lptarlg g`cptarldcl/ `˅ķt p`flibgrcg smnflsosl dc zcrpzc`tlug gpszrg oar8 cuaost¶lg ldcloar dcpzrc tcarlgiadsrloar ¶pl tcarlg isot¶liloar dc ògpc dc ķ˅mgot¶lil & zlt`f ògpp pct tfcar| ,-

Gi urst dc gpcicmcg pg grgt ocngtsrg dlmtrc g`cptc tcarll ¶pl ecmaicmso isxl`gozaptiadcrm- Dc abl`cl/ ldcloc gzgr gtsm`l `˅ķmd cptc mcualc dc coc- L˅m g`cgptg zcrlagdgg eapt mcualc dc ldcl `grc pg zagtg trgmp`cmdc dlecrltcoc olibghc isxl`goc zcmtrs g pàgtcķ˅m culdcmt¶g `gzg`ltgtcg dc lmtcnrgrc g g`cptar olibghc- Cptc `ccg `c p)g ¶pl ķ˅mt˅ķizogt ķ˅msotlicoc dc`cmll-

? tcvt p`rlp dszg 7<<2 =

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Ergnicmtgrlsi 7<44‐7<>2

Dc smdc ulmc ersispct¶cg `soarll bangtc g ersmxcoar1 C `cug ķ˅m plmc ‐ pcmxgt¶ll ‐psncrgrcg smcl osil ķ˅mtrcnl ‐ `c1

? 7<44 =

@c cza`g' L˅m `grc isxl`g ms pc tagrmg dlmtr)a bs`gtg/ `l bs`gtg `s bs`gtg-

? 7<37 =

Psmtci ķ˅m crg’

n˅ķmdlrll gugmpgtc ¶pl rlnsragpc‟/ dgr grtl¶ptll igl zat p`rlc mglu ¶plrctranrgd dcpzrc gcr zgiķ˅mt ea` pl gzg

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rctranrgd dcpzrc gcr/ zgiķmt/ ea ¶pl gzg-Ilrgrcg `smag¶ptcrll ¶pl rc`smag¶ptcrcg mc`smag¶ptcrll ‐ g`cptcg psmt `coc igl lizar)

tgmtc pcmtlicmtc goc oapaesosl-Tlizso icrnc msigl ķ˅mglmtc- @˅ķmd tc slt¶l ķ˅mgzal/ tlizso tc trgmpzartg ķ˅mglmtc `s

pzgtcoc- G`cgptg mc ķ˅mcbsmc¶ptc- Cvlptg urcsm ocg`1 Ms c g`cgptg msigl a zgrcrc1

? 23 lsolc 7<>: =

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Dlm tcarlg isot¶liloar8 Aiso cptc `ccg `c cptc ‐ lmtcrpc`tgt `s `ccg `c `rcdc co `g

cptc-@sulmtc tgbs zc `grc oc raptli nrcs/ zcmtrs `g g raptl ķ˅mpcgimg ¶pl g `rcg/ `ccg `c

mc gds`c ķ˅m egt¶g rcgoltgtcg mat¶lsmll- Nķ˅mdso c tats¶pl igl zgold dc`ķ˅t `suķ˅mtso/ `grc cigtcrlc ¶pl oauc¶ptc src`fcg-

Dlptgmt¶g dlmtrc agicml &lmcultgblog pgs `sotlugtg dc agicml, ds`c icrcs og ectl)¶plxgrl; zrcpszsmci igl isot dc`˅ķt cptc/ ķ˅m tliz `c lnmargi dgtc zc `grc ml`l ms ocbgmsli-

Dg`g zat¶l/ l ilptcrlap ķ˅m ògrltgtc-’

Gmtlhsrmgo‟1 &à`fctgrlc Bogmdlgmg,’

Gmtl)iciarll‟1 Arl`c ecmaicm grc ķ˅m co zra)zrlso pgs

’gmtl‟- @flgr ¶pl `gdgurso/ ķ˅m igpsrg ķ˅m `grc c uls-

? lsmlc 7<5< =

Plit¶li igl zstcrml` trgncdlg lrcucrplbloltgt¶ll tlizsosl gtsm`l `˅ķmd c uarbg dc ulgt¶gagicmloar-

Ldccg dc g ptgz˅ķml zrazrlso àrz &`grc cptc gt˅ķt dc eaoapltagrc aisosl/ `grc ptg og bgxg\ang/ `grc cptc tcicolg icdl`lmll `c àmpldcrg àrzso maptrs `g a zgrtc g smlucrpsosl,zrcpszsmc àrzso `g `cug ptrglm dc mal/ pgs `co isot `g a zgrtc dlm mal- L˅m g`cgptgzrlulmt¶g ms mc)gi il¶p`gt ml`l `s sm zgp ķ˅mglmtc dszg Pa`rgtc-

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@ampldcrgi ptgz˅ķmlrcg àrzsosl pgmgtap `g `cug mgtsrgo ¶pl gtsm`l àrzso igl eg`czgrtc dlm mal-

- - - Dgr `˅ķmd ms)o igl zstci ptgz˅ķml1 Gtsm`l àrzso ms igl c’

mal‟/ `l `cug ptrglm/

àmtrg magptrg-P¶l lgr trcbslc pg rcucmli og Pa`rgtc/ og mcisrlrcg psflctsosl `g gotcrmgtlug oglmcvlptcmt¶g osl-

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G plit¶l psmctcoc smcl isxl`l `g ptr˖ glmc dc zlcpg - - - L˅m ecoso g`cptg ¶pl tlibrsrloc

ògpl`c dculm sm ablc`t mas-Ucxl Crlk Pgtlc-Ulmc a urcic `˅ķmd ķ˅m c`grc ai rc`sma¶ptl zc tat¶l `clogot¶l- &@˅ķmd iagrtcg smslg c

iagrtcg tstsrarg; `˅ķmd mg¶ptcrcg smslg c `g mg¶ptcrcg tstsrarg; dgr g`cgptg zgrgmtcxgc sm mcgdcugr; `lmc plitc g¶pg/ ms igl zagtc trgl,-

@˅ķmd p`rll a àizaxlt¶lc masg/ urcl `cug- Egrg pg urcl `cug ms zat¶l ¶pl ms grc rapt pgp`rll- &@ķ˅md urcl/ ms ¶ptll `si ucl eg`c)a- Dszg `c ¶ptll/ ¶pl gl eg`st/ ms igl gl dc `c p)a

eg`l dlm mas,-Dszg `c gl eg`st/ àmptgt¶l `g gl eg`st got`cug dc`˅ķt gl urst- &Dgr egrg pg urst g`co

`cug/ ms gl eg`st g`cpt got`cug,-Grtlptso ms ¶ptlc cvg`t `c eg`c- Zagtc `g g¶pg c aiso ķ˅mdcab¶ptc/ ķ˅m g`t¶lsmloc igl

àizocvc'&Lizol`gt¶lloc ulct¶ll psmt mczrcugxstc' Dcagrc`c a azcrg lxbstltg c igl bangtg ķ˅m

àmpc`lmt¶c dc`ķ˅t ķ˅m lmtcmt¶lc,-

[G`cpt tcvt g eapt p`rlp zc trcl hsigtgt¶l dc bloctc rsztczcmtrs Pgog Zgogtsosl ķ˅m 5 a`taibrlc 7<56Y

A àm`cztlc dcpzrc smlucrp bgxgtg zc ldccg dc àmesxlc’

Zapt)icrldlgm‟- P`flibgrl

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A àm`czt¶lc dcpzrc smlucrp bgxgtg zc ldccg dc àmesxlc’

Zapt icrldlgm - P`flibgrldc esm`t¶lc; ecmaicmc `c gosmc`g zc gotc trgpcc; &gpteco, osicg ms pc rcds`c msigl ogmlt àiblmgtarls-

Pg ucxl ķ˅m psecrlmt¶g trlsieso ulltar/ `ccg `c ķ˅t¶l dg a igrc uaosztgtc- Pg rcngpc¶ptl

psecrlmt¶g ķ˅m iaicmtso trlsiesosl ‐ `ccg `c ķ˅t¶l dg igrct¶lc-

? 7<5<1 =

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Igrloc zacic ms oc `smag¶ptci- Eart¶g oar lmtcrlagrg g ķ˅izlcdl`gt `g coc pg c p`rlpc-

Dgrcg og lucgog/ gzgrlt¶lg igrloar zacic c rcxsotgtso smcl igrl `la`mlrl dc eart¶clmtcrlagrc/ g`cocg `grc `cr `g zaciso pg pc ķ˅megztslgp`g `s g`cocg `grc ķ˅izlcdl`g-

Zgiķ˅mtso p`stsrg iarilmtcoc [dcY zc sicrl-

Aiso ms trcbslc pg sltc ml`ladgtg `g ulgt¶g osl c ergnlog-

Dc smdc ulmc ¶pl ķ˅màtra pc ķ˅mdrcgztg aicmlrcg1 @c cptc g`cgptg ardamgrc ķ˅m tliz&˅ķm iarilmtc,1

?7<5< =

Zra¶ptll psmt `cl igl bsml rczrcxcmtgmt¶l gl smcl rgpc- Zraptlg ¶pl lizcrpamgoltgtcg ķ˅leg`c cv`cocmt¶l cvzamcmt¶l-

Zraptlg àoc`tlug lxbķ˅mdc¶ptc- Eart¶g àoc`tlug trgmpearig zraptlg ķ˅m ķ˅mt¶cocz`lsmc ¶plgstcmtl`ltgtc- L˅m`flmg)tc cl'

Tszcso ms trcbslc àmesmdgt `s ergm`fct¶cg- Olzpg dc lmtcolncmt¶g ms c `lr`siptgmt¶ggtcmsgmtg zcmtrs lizcrtlmcmt¶g- &Ergm`fct¶cg ¶pl olzpg dc lmtcolncmt¶g ms rldl`g iargo)icmtc egztg-,

Iargolpiso c ķ˅mnraxltar/ lmd`g iargog ms trcbslc trgmpearigtg ķ˅m `sulmtc- Ia)

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Iargolpiso c ķmnraxltar/ lmd`g iargog ms trcbslc trgmpearigtg ķm `sulmtc- Iargolpiso ms zagtc dc`˅ķt cvcizos- Cvcizoso zrazaugdslrll c dchg a

’tcmdlmt¶g‟ ¶pl a

gbgtcrc- Lpsp cptc cvcizoso lgr gzaptaoll psmt zrazaugdslrcg-

Zcmtrs g sm igrc dloctgmt/ trcbslc tats¶pl pg l sm igrc zraecplamlpt- P¶l ul`cucrpg'

? dlmtr)sm `glct uc`fl/ 7<56 =

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G dg lizartgmt¶g cv`cplug g``cplbloltgt¶ll ķ˅mpcgimg g dcpàmpldcrg isxl`g ¶pl `clogot¶l

eg`tarl gl ugoarll- L˅mpcgimg g dcpàmpldcrg ķ˅mpg¶pl g``cplbloltgtcg/ lmd`g/ dg`g t¶l)c lm)dlecrcmt `si abt¶ll g``cplbloltgtcg/ gtsm`l ķ˅mpg¶pl g``cplbloltgtcg ms eg`c dal bgml-

? 23 gzrlolc 7<>: =

Psmt mcisot¶silt dc ilmc dgr psmt isot¶silt dc ulgt¶g-Sm ai igrnlmlt eg`c a isxl`g igrnlmltg-Cocicmtcoc gdsmgtc gs eapt

’

ķ˅mnfct¶gtc‟ ptgtsgr ¶pl gzal egrg ilog smcoc dlm coc gs

eapt zgrgpltc ķ˅m `lazolrcg ptgtsll-&Aiso gdsmg ¶pl trcbslc pg ¶ptlc icrcs g ngtg pg rcmsmt¶c og `ccg `c aptcmc¶ptc/ ķ˅m

msicoc smcl trcztc igl ķ˅mgotc,-

?ecbrsgrlc 7<5< =

Cilplsmcg Bcctfaucm og rgdla &Pmt¶lrcg @gpcl/ Olcdsrl/ Raigmt¶g ķ˅m pao/ Bgngtcoc,-L˅il zog`c cmari- L˅mtr)gdcugr/ cmcrnlg `rcgtagrc cptc dcgpszrg

’csearlcl‟ pgs drgicl-

Dgr agrc g`cgptg ķ˅mpcgimg sibrlrcg ctl`ll1 L˅m isxl`g ķ˅il zog`c aiso/ `grc pc ¶ptlc `gg eapt iargolpt &taoptalgm,-

? 2 igrtlc 7<>2 =

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L˅m tciza ocmt Bg`f ¶pl @fazlm `˅ķptlng ķ˅m ersispct¶c; Bcctfaucm zlcrdc og oc`tsrgķ˅m`ctlmltg-

Arlnlmgoltgtcg `s arl`c zrct¶'˅Lm pcàoso VV `gstgrcg cl g dcucmlt `gstgrc zgravlptl`g-Pcimgtsrg gstarsosl `gzgtg zrcnmgmt¶g igl igrc dc`˅ķt ķ˅mpg¶pl azcrg-

Uc¶pml`lg cptc cecicrso gdsp og ugoagrcg àmtlmssosl-

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@˅ķt igl rczcdc p`rlc)t¶l lizrcplloc dcpzrc Zgrlp8

‐ egp`lmgmtso ‐ `srug dso`c `s igrngrltgrco dc Igl ‐ ķ˅mglmtc dc g tc ķ˅meg¶psrg co `silcrc zc og src`fl ‐

Pgt srlg¶p ‐ losxll dc bc`srl/ osilml ¶pl gzg `grc `srn og ugoc zc goblg P˅ķibctcl ‐Gpcgrg gi eg`st a bglc dc olbrgrll- Eccrlc g `grt¶loar ¶pl pspzcmdgrc g tlizsosl- Lc¶plmd

dlmtrc `grt¶l/ ms igl ¶ptlgi `˅ķmd ¶pl smdc ig gfls- @cgt¶g dc `gtlecg g a`floar icl abaplt¶l p)g rldl`gt ¶pl g dcucmlt rasg- I)gi zolibgt ķ˅m`ct &˅ķmtrc arcoc 2:‐20, zrlm Pglmt Ncriglm/Rsc ds Bg`/ Rsc dcp Z|rgildcp ¶pl z˅ķmg g`gpg ‐ zsrl`gt-

? 2 lsolc 7<>: =

Mlil` igl bsm dc`˅ķt pg l ts ķ˅mpst¶l-‐ `˅ķmd plmnsrg tg pgougrc c¶ptl ts ‐ gtsm`l g`cgptg cptc/ ķ˅mtr)gdcugr/ eart¶g tg licmpg

&`˅ķmd cptc sml`g ‐ zrlm dcxgignlrc ¶pl dlpzcrgrc ‐ cg dculmc pcict¶lc dc mc˅ķmulmp,-Zcptc tagtc ugoarloc/ plit Ualmt¶g ‐ dcgpszrg cl Iargog- Iargog ms zagtc cvzol`gtg

dc`ķ˅t zrlmtr)a eart¶g `grc cptc dcgpszrg/ ¶pl dc cpcmt¶g rcolnlagpg-

A/ egrlpcl/ egrlpcl ‐ dszol ltgtc hagpg ¶pl pspg/ rgmgtg ¶pl nrapaogmg/ ‐ tarcmt dc uarbc/dc zrlulrl esrl¶pc/ og z˅ķmdg ‐ ha` dc ¶pgf-‐ @c blmc c pg dailml g`cptcg lmòsp ķ˅mtr)sm zsm`t lm`gpgblo ¶pl lmcvzsnmgblo-Siloc¶ptc)tc ts ķ˅mpst¶l ¶pl dailmg tatso dc gàoa-Ell mc`rstgtar pl lmaecmplu ogpg l pg hag`c farg

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Ell mc`rst¶gtar ¶pl lmaecmplu/ ogpg)l pg hag`c farg-

? 2> lsmlc 7<>:1 =

Pc`smdcoc `coc igl egp`lmgmtc psmt g`cocg ķ˅m `grc gsxl xsixctso ulltagrcoar tgoc

os`rgrl- Gtsm`l a igrc ptgz˅ķmlrc dc plmc zsmc ptgz˅ķmlrc zc tlmc-

? 5 lsolc 7<>:/ Zgrlp =

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Grp Maug ¶pl Bcctfaucm

Grp Maug ‐ lmaugt¶ll nrcegtc zc sm tcrcm olzplt dc eart¶g `cmtrlzctg &nrgultgt¶lc,-Bcctfaucm ‐ lmaugt¶ll nrcegtc dc sm pzlrlt ecàmdgtar zc sm tcrcm ecrtlo zolm dc

nrgultgt¶lc ‐ dsp ķ˅mpg dc Bcctfaucm zc mal arbltc-L˅m zcrlagdcoc dc Grp Maug lmaugt¶lloc psmt eg`loltgtc dc pogbl`lsmcg lmtcrlagrg g grtcl/

`grc zrcxlmtg agrc`grc lmàcrcmtg &c dlm `gsxg smcl mgtsrl mal/ lmps`lcmt àmptltsltg/c dlm `gsxg smcl mgtsrl uc`fl/ `c ¶pl)g trglt trglso ¶pl pc dcpàizsmc,-

L˅m pc`[aosoY VV/ Grp Maug dlm gibcoc iatluc8 grtg uc`fc ¶pl)g trglt trglso; paol`ltgtcg

cvtrcig cptc eagrtc zrcpgmtg; grtg masg ms cptc ķ˅m`g ps`lcmt àmptltsltg `g a masgmgtsrg gstamaig-

? 2‐0 ecbrsgrlc 7<>: =

Ms)il zsm zrabocig dc g’

earigolxg‟ lmtslt¶lloc icoc &˅ķm pcmpso igtcigtl`,; g ocearigolxg ķ˅mpcgimg g oc trgmpearig ķ˅m grtg/ gdl`g ķ˅m earig/ ķ˅m igtcrlc grtlptl`g-

Grtg ms losptrcgx˖ g lmtslt¶lg &oapa`g/ zactl`g ct`-, Cg trcbslc pg c ’nrcg‟ ‐ ķ˅mpcmpso ecrtlo/ igtcrm ‐ dc g`cgptg lmtslt¶lc-Tcfml`g cl trcbslc pg ķ˅màrzarcxc ķ˅m cg &ms pg losptrcxc, zrabocigtl`g;@g isxl`g pg ms c oltcrgtsrg/ trcbslc `g ms msigl ķ˅mtrcnso `l c`grc zgrtl`sog &`g

pl ķ˅m faoanrgig, pg rcflc`tcxc lignlmcg dc gmpgibos pg glbg esm`tlc &`˅ķt igl isotg

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¶pl ķm faoanrgig, pg rcflc`tcxc lignlmcg dc gmpgibos/ pg glbg esm`t¶lc &`ķt igl isotglmearigt¶lc, ncmctl`g-

Grtlptso pc zolibg zc daicmlloc lmtslt¶lcl ¶pl rgt¶lsmll- Bspaog ‐ lmtslt¶lg- Ms)il zsm

zrabocig dg`g c oltcrgtsrg pgs isxl`g pgs oapac8 lignlmgt¶lg ig ptlisocgxg; ms ¶ptlsdg`g rcgolxcx `c il)gi zrazsp ¶pl ms il)c erl`g pg rcgolxcx got`cug- L˅mglmtc dc tagtc ‐ acmcrnlc `rcgtagrc-

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---Tatadgtg ķ˅mpg/ rlplzg c igrc; ķ˅m gegrg dc egztso `g isotc ptrgos`lrl psmt egopc/ ķ˅m

drsiso pzrc rcgolxgrc go zatcmt¶coar rcgoc/ pc zlcrdc smcarl zrcg isotg cmcrnlc- Drsisogrtcl/ ¶ptli/ cptc sm drsi nrcs ‐ ocngt dc ism`g/ lpzltc ¶pl pg`rl`ll-

Dc `c/ c nrcs dc pzsp- Ptlisocmtcoc ¶pl dl`sotgt¶loc ķ˅m grtg ķ˅¶pl gs raoso oar zaxltludg`g g`cptcg pc ngpcp` ķ˅m `gmtltgt¶l rcxamgbloc-

@ccg `c rgiķ˅mc dsrcrap ¶pl dc mcķ˅izg`gt ķ˅m dcpeg¶psrgrcg lptarlcl `g ¶pl ķ˅m Blbolc8mlil`lrcg smsl psflct cptc a lmmltgtc-

Zcmtrs’

rcicdlcrcg‟ g `cug psmt aiar˅ķt¶l m agicml; os`rsrloc’

pc rcicdlgxg‟/ dgr

agicml psmt oault¶l ¶pl aiar˅ķt¶l-Gs drcztso agicmll pg dc`ldg g`cgptg1C ķ˅mtrcbgrcg osl Daptalcupkl ¶pl Igfocr- Tsobsrgtagrc ¶pl lmpaosblog-

? 2 lsolc 7<>: =

Elc`grc ai grc sm n˅ķmnsr dlm `grc pagrtg rszc bs`gt¶l`g `s bs`gt¶l`g- Zlcrdcrcgmgog c g`ccg¶pl-

Gil`lt¶lg ķ˅mtrct¶lmc ķ˅megztslrloc ogaogotg ¶pl egztcoc ķ˅izrcsmg ķ˅mtgrcp` gil`lt¶lg- @c cigl zrcpsp/ gil`lt¶lg pgs ķ˅megztslrloc ogaogotg1 Ms icrltg agrc gil`lt¶lg g ectl¶plxgtg1

L˅m zaoltl`g uslctso agicmloar pc gsdc smcarl `flgr o˅ķmng src`fc/ dgr dc `coc iglisotc arl dczgrtc `g xnaiatso psrd &zolm dc cmcrnlc ķ˅mpg zatcmtlgog pl lmazcrgmtg, go

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2<:

isotc arl dczgrtc/ `g xnaiatso psrd &zolm dc cmcrnlc/ ķmpg zatcmt¶lgog ¶pl lmazcrgmtg, goa`cgmsosl-

Cptc blmc pgs rgs1 Pgs c ml`l`si1

Gbptrg`t¶lsmloc ķ˅m grtg trcbslc psecrltc ¶pl coc- @g ¶pl `crgil`g &arl`˅ķt dc nog`lgoc gr,/ coc trcbslc pg c grpc igl ķ˅mt˅ķl ķ˅m `sztar-Nķ˅mdlmd ¶pl cvzrliķ˅mds)mc/ ghsptgi &gàiadgi, cvzrligrcg-

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Dszg n˅ķmdlrc ¶pl `flgr n˅ķmdlrcg dszg cvzrligrc-

? 7<>2 =

@c rapt grc pg tc ranl osl Dsimcxcs1 @c mcualc grc Co pg tc ranl1 Trcbslc pg `rcxlķ˅m Dsimcxcs/ pg)l gril cvlptcmt¶g- Mcualg aisosl dc g `rcg zc Dsimcxcs cptc `rcgtgdc Dsimcxcs- Mcualg aisosl dc g pc ķ˅mtrcbg dc raptsrloc pgoc c dgtg dc Dsimcxcs-

@rcdlmt¶g ķ˅m Dsimcxcs c dgtg dc Dsimcxcs-Tatgoltgtcg `rcdlmt¶coar agicmloar ķ˅m Dsimcxcs cptc a zgrtc dlm Dsimcxcs-

Tatso ¶pl arl`c dciamptrcgxg cvlptcmt¶g osl Dsimcxcs-Rgt¶lsmcg dciamptrcgxg &zrlm cvlptcmt¶g cl, cvlptcmt¶g osl Dsimcxcs-Mat¶lsmcg dc dciamptrgt¶lc g cvlptcmt¶cl osl Dsimcxcs trcbslc cvòsp˖ g - Trcbslc gr)

igt˖ g cvlptcmt¶g osl Dsimcxcs-

? >-72-7<5< =

Aiso iadcrm ms zagtc zramsmt¶g msicoc osl Dsimcxcs ¶pl ms zagtc uarbl dcp)

zrc Dsimcxcs/ lmd`g gpteco ķ˅l lg msicoc ķ˅m dc¶pcrt &egrg g)l osg msicoc ķ˅m dc¶pcrt,-Dcgpcicml grc ¶pl a zsdagrc ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g/ gdl`g a rs¶plmc mablog-

Dlptgmt¶g dlmtrc dasg zsm`tc ķ˅mtr)a uc`lmgtgtc cptc lmmltg-

2> :5 7<>:

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2<7

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@rcdlmt¶g `g a mc`cpltgtc ablc`tlug ¶pl psblc`tlug ‐ zcmtrs g ķ˅mulmnc erl`g ¶pl plm)

nsrgtgtcg ķ˅m Smlucrp ¶pl ķ˅m egt¶g iart¶ll-@rcdlmt¶g ķ˅m Dsimcxcs Smso ulmc ¶pl dlmgsmtrs ¶pl dlm gegrg- Tat dc gàoa ulmc ¶plķ˅mdalgog- Dlm ķ˅mdalgog mcualg daucxll zgozgbloc-

’Pg tc zlzgl ¶pl pg sros‟-

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Silolmt¶g zc `grc t¶l)a zrauag`g `rcdlmt¶g dlm erl`g-’

Z˅ķmg ms tsmg/ ishl`so ms)¶pl eg`c

`rs`c‟-Mc gsdc Dsimcxcs1 @rcdci ¶pl gds`ci hcrtec `s pàz8 pg c lcrtgtc zg`gtcoc magp)

trc/ pg i rgpzogtlt¶l- Hcrteg `g’

t˅ķrn `s Dsimcxcs‟- Cptc gptg zaplblo1

@cl dlm srig uar `cl dlmt˅ķl ‐ a ķ˅mtrs`flzgrc g zrlm`lzlsosl pzcrgmt¶cl-

Iargog c àmtrg mgtsrll8 tlnrso c eg`st pg s`ldg `crbso/ lgr mal àizgtlili `s`crbso &˅ķo gzgrgi',

@sma¶ptlmt¶g `cg igl plnsrg8 Ms ¶ptls-

Pcmtlicmtso zrcecrgt8 ilrgrcg-Dagimc/ lgrtg)il nrc¶pcoloc/ zg`gtcoc ¶pl ghstg)ig- Dg)il zstcrcg dc g ig rsng-

Lgrtg)il il`liloc- Psmt egr˅ķig ķ˅m igrcoc ic`gmlpi-

Blmc`su˅ķmtgtg c/ dlpzcrgrc/

Blmc`su˅ķmtgtg c/ `gdcrc/

Iķ˅mnķ˅lmds)tc ķ˅m `suķ˅mt/ tc ķ˅mnrgdcp`-

Igrcoc ¶pl il`so ‐ icdltgtc ‐ ds` og rcucogrcg osl Dsimcxcs- &

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Igl igrc‟ ¶pl

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il`‟ ds` og lmmlt,-Pcmtlicmtso rcxsotg dlm icdltgrcg g`cptar mat¶lsml ‐ pgs pcmtlicmtso zrccvlptg ¶pl

ngpc¶ptc dagr zaplbloltgtcg pg pc gric `s g`cpt zrloch1

Nagmg ķ˅izlcdl`g olml¶ptcg icdltgtlug- Pgs/ nagmg ercmctl`g zcriltc vgrcg zrlmtr)sm

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2<2

z ¶ / n z zeco dc bct¶lc-

Tlizso ragdc pcmtlicmtcoc ogp˅ķmd dcgpszrg oar os`lso uc¶pml`lcl-

@lmc igl ¶ptlc/ ķ˅m plieamlloc osl Bcctfaucm/ smdc cptc bs`srlg pgs dsrcrcg1 Tlizsolg dlhig dczcrpamgolxgrll/ d˅ķmd ķ˅m p`flib ctcrmltgtcg-

Iarilmtcoc pc rad og eco; ¶pl àuagrcoc; ¶pl zcptc tat zc smdc aiso ķ˅¶pl ogpg gizrcmtcoc-

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P¶l ķ˅m grtg/ dcgpszrg pcmtlicmtcoar trcbslc pg c got`cug; g`cpt got`cug c ¶pl co sm

pcmtlicmt/ dgr ablc`tso osl c gotg igtcrlc-

? 7<>: =

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2<0

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2<4

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AIGNLS

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2<3

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2<5

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Iam zjcrc ‐ Tgtgo ics

Gmdrcl Ulcrs

IAM ZjCRC 36

O“Ősurc d“grt m“cpt zgp sm dlpàsrp ajs o“gstcsr dlt `c ws“lo ucst ;jg icpsrc ws“co oc cpt `rccc/ o“Ősurc d“grt g`wslcrt smc cvlptcm`c

gstamaic- O“grtlptc cpt olbrc dc og àm`cualr ct dc og àiicm)`cr; jg zgrtlr dc ojg/ o“Ősurc cmtrc cm dlgoansc guc` o“grtlptc/ ct/ pl o“grtlptc cpt nrgmd/ og ul`talrc gzzgrtlcmt jg o“Ősurc-

&G t o Ul ,

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2<>

&Gmgtao Ulcrs,

36- Masucooc Rcusc Ergm¶glpc / 7/ 2::7- Gmdrcl Ulcrs cpt mc jg Bs`grcpt d“sm zjcrc hsle ct d“smc ijcrc

rsppc- Lo ult cm Ergm`c ajs/ cm tgmt wsc zlgmlptc/ lo dammc dc àm`crtp ct cmrcnlptrc Bg`f/ Bcctfaucm/Olpxt/ Iaspparnpkl/ P`rlgblmc ct Ptrgulmpk| zasr lmg)Icialrc uluc ct Fgriamlg ismdl - Lo g eglt pcpdcbstp olttcrglrcp dgmp og mre &hslm 2:::, guc` dcsv tcvtcp psr H- D- Pgolmncr ct Igoàoi Oa~r|- [mreY

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Wsco ctglt oc trglt oc zosp plmnsolcr dc og zcrpammgoltc dc iam zjcrc 1 Tcooc cpt og

wscptlam wsc hc ic zapc pasucmt- Zosp h“gugm`c dgmp og ulc/ zosp hc ic dlp ws“lo cptjg zcs zrjcp oc pcso faiic pgmp grrljcrc)zcmpccp wsc h“glc àmms- Cpt)`c zgr`c ws“lo mcàm`cuglt zgp ws“lo zs˅t p“| gbglppcr1 as zgr`c wsc/ igonrc pg os`ldltc/ lo ngrdg tast gsoamn dc pam cvlptcm`c smc `crtglmc mg¦ķuctc1 Mg¦ķe/ lo o“ctglt jg pg eg¶am/ gstgmt wsc pamerjcrc/ gsppl lm`gzgboc wsc osl ds ialmdrc `go`so dgmp og ulc -

@go`socr/ d˅ķmcr cm ulooc/ pc tcmlr zrjcp dcp zslppgmtp/ `“cs˅t ctc zasr osl lizcmpgboc-Lo | ua|glt àiic sm igmwsc dc tcmsc- Ct/ wsalws“lo ps˅t wsc oc igmwsc dc tcmsc cpt

`fapc zosta˅t àsrgmtc/ lo ctglt zgrealp oamn jg o“gzcr`cualr gstasr dc osl/ goarp ic˅icws“lo | guglt gglrc- Pg tcmsc/ lo o“gttrlbsglt pasucmt gsv gstrcp/ ic˅ic p“lo ctglt zgrealppl culdcmt ws“lop cm igmwsglcmt- Gsppl/ g|gmt ldcgolpc iglmt dc pcp pcibogbocp ct zospd“sm dc pcp àoojcnscp/ lo p“grrgmncglt tashasrp zasr c˅trc oc dcrmlcr jg pc icttrc gs àsrgmtdcp à˅tcp dlp`stgbocp dc ocsr àmdsltc-

Hc mc zcsv i“ctcmdrc l`l psr ocp ngcp/ zgrealp à`gppcp/ gsvwscoocp/ blcm ws“lo es˅tsm faiic dc tg`t/ o“gicmglt `cttc ptrgtcnlc-

H“lignlmc cmàrc ocp cuaostlamp eg`lgocp rcpzc`tlucp/ oarpws“lo cvzrlig pg plm`jcrcàizgpplam jg wscows“sm wsl ucmglt dc pc dcbgrrgppcr ha|cspcicmt dc pam czaspc/ og)wscooc ucmglt dc iasrlr- Og àizgpplam ctglt matalrcicmt dc traz eg`c jg sm faiicàmtcmt dc rceglrc pg ulc gzrjcp sm dctasr zgr oc `lictljcrc- Iam zjcrc `ra|glt jg smc´ tl d o t lo e t bl t d o o j le t tt ttlt d f

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pczgrgtlam dasoasrcspc/ ct lo est blcm cmtcmds oc pcso g igmlecptcr `cttc gttltsdc farpdc zrazap ; lo guglt zrlp palm dc mc hgiglp cmtcmdrc zgrocr dc ocsrp lmdcoltcp/ ct dc egltlo àmpldcrglt/ hc `ralp/ o“gdsotjcrc àiic smc cucmtsgoltc zsrcicmt tfcarlwsc-

&Hc zcmpc jg iam amòc ct jg iam zjcrc tastcp ocp ealp wsc hc taibc ct rctaibc psr `czgppgnc dc P~let 8 && [LYop guglcmt tasp sm Őlo tasrmc ucrp oc dcdgmp/ tgmdlp wsc o“gstrc pc

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vglt psr oc xcmltf- Lo zgrgķ˅t wsc `cp c˅trcp amt o“cpzrlt tcoocicmt gbparbc zgr d“lmtcmpcp

pzc`sogtlamp/ ws“lop pamt lm`gzgbocp dc tcmlr as d“càstcr smc àmucrpgtlam/ pl o“am mctlcmt zgp cm cuclo zgr wscowsc gttas`fcicmt ocsr arngmc ds zgrocr as dc o“as¦ķc ; ualojgzasrwsal tasp `csv wsl cm amt ocp ia|cmp àiztcmt zgril ocsrp ncmp sm daicptlwscergzzcsr ct mc partcmt hgiglp pgmp o“ciicmcr- Oc ra˅oc dc `ct cizoa|c cpt/ wsgmd dcsvas zosplcsrp zcrpammcp pamt rcsmlcp/ dc dammcr sm ocncr àsz guc` pam ergzzalr psrog bas`fc dc `cosl wsl g og zgraoc/ ct psr o“arclooc draltc dc pam gsdltcsr/ as dc pamgsdltalrc- Lo g cngocicmt og `fgrnc dc psrucloocr pam ig˅ķtrc dgmp pcp dczog`cicmtp ct dc

osl dammcr/ oc `gp c`fcgmt/ sm zctlt àsz psr ocp |csv- @gr `cosl)`l cpt tashasrp pl dlptrgltzgr pcp zcmpccp/ ws“lo àsrt oc rlpwsc igmlecptc dc taibcr dgmp oc zrcilcr zrc`lzl`cucms- ,, Oarpwsc hc partglp guc` iam zjcrc/ masp rcmdlamp o“sm jg o“gstrc/ tasp ocp pcrul`cpd“sm daicptlwsc ergzzcsr- H“gl ial)ic˅ic fcrltc `cttc tcmdgm`c gs àmtg`t dlpàmtlmsct lmdsoncmt guc og rcgoltc/ ws“am zrc˅tc uaoamtlcrp jg `crtglmcp rg`cp d“gstrs`fcp 8 oarpwsc

hc trgwsc sm pshct/ zgr cvcizoc smc gstrc gstrs`fc/ `fgwsc ealp wsc/ zcmdgmt og àsrpczasrpsltc/ cooc ict tast jg àsz pg tc˅tc dgmp oc pgboc/ hc i“gzcr¶alp/ dczltc/ wsc h“gl

zcrds pg trg`c/ ws“cooc i“g cmàrc smc ealp c`fgzzc-,Hc m“gl hgiglp us pam ulpgnc zartcr ocp plnmcp lizapplboc jg `g`fcr dc og rgm`smc/ ml

gnltc zgr `csv dc og hgoasplc- &&& Og tcmdrc giltlc / c`rluglt)lo dgmp sm cppgl/ dc Fgpklo ct dc Olzgttl 8 gdilrgtlam rc`lzrawsc/ tlildltc dcugmt o“grt dc o“gstrc/ dcplr d“cmtrgldc-G ltl´ d e t d´b d t d t o t ltl´ d l “ t j l

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Giltlc dcp eartp/ dcbardgmtp dc tgocmt ; giltlc dc `csv wsl m“amt zgp jg gualr zcsr wsc ocsr zrazrc igmwsc dc tgocmt pcrg dctrslt zgr oc igmwsc dc tgocmt ds ualplm- ,,,

M“gualr zalmt àmms o“cmulc ct og rgm`smc/ m“gualr zgp cs jg ocp uglm`rc/ `“cpt ojgps˅rcicmt pam dam zosp wsc pam icrltc- Oc `gtgoansc dc dcegstp as dc pcmtlicmtpwsl dcmlt sm faiic dczcmd/ zasr smc bammc zgrtlc/ ds rczcrtalrc dc nrlig`cp wsl

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gnltglcmt pcp zra`fcp wsgmd lo ctglt cmegmt- Og zcsr dcp pasrlp p“gzzrcmd/ zgrg˅ķt)lo/ cm

rcngrdgmt/ wsgmd am cpt zctlt/ ocp ulpgncp cgrcp dc `csv wsl àmmglppcmt dchjg `cttcerg|csr---

Cm eglt d“cvzrcpplamp ds ulpgnc/ hc ic pasulcmp zgregltcicmt dc pam eramt ct dcpcp ojcurcp `rlpzccp oarpws“lo ctglt gzzogsdl- Lo ic est rgrcicmt dammc dc ualr wscows“smdc pl igo jg o“glpc- Pam ulpgnc cvzrliglt àiblcm lo guglt eglt plcmmc og zfrgpc && b|t lxucptm|i mc zrlolt`fma ,,- && Wscooc lmàmucmgm`c wsc d“gualr ds ps``jcp ' ,, pciboglt)lopc dlrc- Ulplbocicmt lo guglt zrcpwsc famtc- Smc nrlig`c wsl jg pam tasr icttglt igo

jg o“glpc/ ic˅ic dgmp oc Bs`grcpt dcp gmmccp >:/ czawsc ajs o“am | `ra|glt cmàrc wscog ugmtgrdlpc/ og psffpgm`c ct og bcgtltsdc dcugmt sm zsbol` cm olcppc m“amt zgp àsrpzgril ocp ncmp àiic lo egst-

Lo mc pcmtglt nsjcrc oc bcpalm dc dlilmscr wscows“sm- Gs àmtrglrc/ lo ctglt/ àiic hco“gl dchjg dlt/ lmdsoncmt/ wsalws“lo zrcecrg˅t cm ucrltc m“gualr zgp o“a``gplam dc pc iamtrcrtco- Lo m“gliglt nsjcrc àiicmtcr ocp trgucrp dcp gstrcp- Egstc dc ilcsv/ lo osl grrlugltd“cvzcdlcr sm dcbgt cm dlpgmt && V m“cpt zgp iam ncmrc ,,- Wsgmd tastcealp lo osl grrlugltdc eglrc àmmg˅ķtrc pcp azlmlamp mcngtlucp ‐ lo ctglt oalm d“c˅trc dczasrus d“cpzrlt `rltlwsc‐/ lo oc eglpglt jg àmtrc`Ősr/ g``soc gsv culdcm`cp- Lo mc `rltlwsglt zgp pcp gilp cm zsbol`/ml mam zosp d“gloocsrp cm tc˅tc jg tc˅tc- Smc ealp/ zasrtgmt/ wsc hc ic zraicmglp guc` osldgmp smc earc˅t ct wsc tasp map tcialmp zatcmtlcop pc zraicmglcmt gloocsrp/ lo pc zcrilt

o ´ lol d“ ó tt d e j

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‐ pcsoc rcpcruc gs ilolcs d“sm coanc ‐ `cttc rcigrwsc psr sm dc pcp àmerjcrcp/ wsc maspucmlamp dc wslttcr 8 && Oc pcso trglt wsl ic zogķ˅t ialmp `fcx osl/ `“cpt pam rgbaoczlc zcrcd aspzcfai ,, ‐ abcdlcm`c cizrcppcc/ gttltsdc psbgotcrmc eg`c gs ps``jcp/ gs zrcptlnc-&Masp zgrolamp/ àiic tashasrp/ rasiglm/ ogmnsc dgmp ogwscooc lo mc p“lmtcrdlpglt zgpd“lmpcrcr wscowscealp dcp oa`stlamp cizrsmtccp gs rsppc-,

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Hc ic pasulcmp dc pg igmljcrc dc pc tcmlr jg o“c`grt- Hgiglp lo m“gsrglt olc d“giltlc

guc` sm ilmlptrc/ guc` sm faiic d“lmflscm`c as guc` wscowsc zcrpammgnc cm usc- Ctlo m“ctglt zgp pgmp àm`cualr wscowscp rcpcrucp ulp)jg)ulp dc `csv wsl zappjcdcmt o“lmp)tlm`t ps˅r d“cm olcr p|ptcigtlwscicmt/ guc` ocp rczrcpcmtgmtp dc tasp ocp rcnlicp wsl pcps``jcdcmt- H“lignlmc ‐ oc eglt rciamtc jg smc czawsc ajs oc `sotc dc og zcrpammgoltc dc@cgspcp`s bgttglt/ jg Bs`grcpt/ pam zoclm ‐ h“lignlmc oc zoglplr guc` ocwsco lo cuawsg/dgmp sm gstrc cppgl/ o“gttltsdc dc P`rlgblmc cmucrp oc Zasualr 8 && Sm àsrtlpgm lmultg P`rlgblmc jg og @asr gs mai ds Tpgr/ zasr hascr dcugmt sm gsdltalrc wsl o“gdilrglt

ct damt oc Tpgr eglpglt culdciicmt zgrtlc- Zgregltcicmt àsrtalp/ P`rlgblmc/ tast cm rcicr lgmt zasr o“lmultgtlam/ og dcòlmg/ ct lmultg oc Tpgr jg goocr/ p“lo uasoglt o“càstcr/dgmp ocp pgoocp dc àm`crt/ ojg ajs osl/ P`rlgblmc/ cvcr¶glt pam grt- Ocp grtlptcp flgnar)mcsrp ds zasualr ct dc og rl`fcppc oc icttglcmt farp dc osl- - - Ct lo mc àmpldcrglt oc ic`cmgt wsc àiic o“g`àizolppcicmt d“sm dcualr- ,,

Lo guglt farrcsr dc dcigmdcr - Smc ealp ajs h“gl uasos abtcmlr wscowsc `fapc zasr osl/lo ic dcecmdlt d“cmtrczrcmdrc wsal wsc `c es˅t/ `rglnmgmt zrabgbocicmt ws“am mc `rs˅t

wsc og dcigmdc cigmglt dc osl-H“gl dlt wsc iam zjcrc rczsnmglt gs `go`so/ gsv g`tcp g`àizolp zgr lmtcrc˅t/ gsv

rcmualp d“gp`cmpcsrp- Cmàrc ialmp ctglt)lo `gzgboc dc zcmpcr cm tcricp d“grncmt- Lom“cm zgroglt hgiglp/ ct h“gl tashasrp cs o“lizrcpplam wsc `“ctglt ojg zrcpwsc sm pshcttgbas- Rlcm ws“jg cm zgrocr as jg | zcmpcr/ lo guglt oc pcmtlicmt dc trcizcr dgmp wscowsc

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w z | z / z w w&& gglrc ,,-

Dgmp sm zg|p wsl uluglt ct ult tashasrp jg o“fcsrc dc og plcptc/ ds trguglo zgr jg)àszp/ ds oglppc goocr/ dc o“lmg`fcuc/ dc o“gbgmdammc jg il)`fcilm/ dgmp sm zg|p ajstast cpt zosp as ialmp eg`sotgtle/ hc m“guglp nsjcrc bcpalm dc tasp ocp dalntp d“smc pcsoc

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iglm zasr àiztcr ocp ncmp zasr wsl olbcrtc ct àmtrglmtc lmtcrlcsrc pamt zrlm`lzcp

lmdlp`crmgbocp-Lo ctglt sm dcp dcsv pcsop rcpldcmtp dc og Rasigmlc wsc h“glc hgiglp àmmsp/ wsltrguglooglcmt 053 hasrp zgr gm- Lo fgbltglt Bs`grcpt zgr`c ws“lo | cmpclnmglt- Ct lo mcwslttglt pg ulooc ws“cm usc ds `goic ighcptscsv dcp iamtgnmcp damt lo guglt bcpalmzasr àizapcr-

Sm gil dc hcsmcppc/ rcus gzrjcp smc oamnsc gbpcm`c/ osl dcigmdg sm hasr 8 && @ai)icmt1 Ts m“gp zgp dc ualtsrc1 Wsal ' Ts mc àmdslp zgp1 Iglp `“cpt ojg sm dcp nrgmdpzoglplrp dc og ulc ' ,, Iam zjcrc fgsppg ocp czgsocp 8 og matlam dc zoglplrp dc og ulc osl ctglt/pciboc)t)lo/ ctrgmnjcrc- Cm ucrltc/ lo guglt g`fctc gs dcbst dcp gmmccp >: smc ualtsrcd“gzzgrcm`c cocngmtc ‐ smc bgnmaoc gppcx dcogbrcc wsc osl guglt rcocc sm rcucmdcsr/wscowsc zgrt zrjcp dc Damgscp`flmncm- Lo og rgicmg jg Bs`grcpt/ zg|g sm dralt dc da)sgmc cvarbltgmt/ ilt zosplcsrp ialp jg gzzrcmdrc ct jg abtcmlr sm zcrilp dc àmdslrc/p“gpplt gs uaogmt &zog`c dcrrljcrc osl/ h“cm trciboglp/ tgmt lo ctglt/ àiic tashasrp/ rctlrcdgmp pcp zcmpccp, rgicmg og ualtsrc gs ngrgnc/ ct/ gzrjcp wscowsc ialp dc igr`fc jg

zlcd gppldsc/ p“cm dcbgrrgppg-

Wsal ws“lo mc es˅t zgp sm gp`jctc/ lo m“guglt wsc eglrc dc `cttc ldcc dc && zoglplrp dcog ulc ,,/ gbparbc àiic lo ctglt zgr og isplwsc ws“lo osl egooglt às`fcr psr oc zgzlcr-Zosp h“| zcmpc/ zosp hc pslp zcrpsgdc wsc `“cpt ojg/ cm zgrtlc/ oc pc`rct dc pg mg¦ķuctc/`cttc mg¦ķuctc damt matrc czawsc g eglt sm zradslt zraflbc ct o“A``ldcmt sm grtlòc dc

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`cttc mgķuctc damt matrc czawsc g eglt sm zradslt zraflbc/ ct o A``ldcmt sm grtlòc dcàmtrcbgmdc- Wsgmd am trguglooc ds igtlm gs palr &h“cmtcmdp 8 trguglo pgmp cpzrlt dcàiblmc,/ am rcuclooc cm pal oc zg|pgm/ `cosl wsl/ pasp oc hasn ds ogbcsr/ m“g zgp ocoalplr ‐ àiic masp gstrcp/ `ltgdlmp ‐ dc p“lmucmtcr sm igpwsc 8 pcp lizcrgtlep osl cmtlcmmcmt olcs ; lo pc dlpzcmpc dc map gc`tgtlamp-

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O“czawsc ‐ m dcp gmmccp 5:/ dcbst dcp gmmccp >: ‐ ajs wscowscp nrgmdp grtlptcp

rasiglmp esrcmt/ cm A``ldcmt/ `fa|cp &iam zjcrc pc ult goarp gttrlbscr smc àiigmdcPcrnc Kasppcultxk|/ est lmultc/ cmtrc gstrcp/ gs ecptlugop dc Damgscp`flmncm ct dcRa|gm/ zslp lmultc jg ulurc ct jg trgugloocr zcmdgmt smc gmmcc jg Bcrolm)Ascpt, à¦ķm`ldc‐ lramlc ‐ guc` og zcrladc dc og uansc jg o“Ascpt damt guglcmt hasl àmhalmtcicmt ogRasigmlc ct sm zcrpammgnc wsc `cp grtlptcp cvc`rglcmt/ iglp wsc o“A``ldcmt gdilrglt 8@cgspcp`s- Lo guglt psff wsc `cosl)`l earisoc smc pal)dlpgmt zaoltlwsc d“lmdczcmdgm`c jgo“cngrd dc o“SRPP zasr wsc og `sotsrc rasiglmc dculcmmc/ ds àsz/ gsv |csv dc o“Ascpt/

lmtcrcppgmtc - Cmpsltc/ jg zgrtlr dcp gmmccp 6:/ lo dculmt ialmp zrcptlnlcsv d“fgbltcr ogRasigmlc- - - Glmpl eam`tlammc o“A``ldcmt-

&& D“gzrjcp IÒsfgm / og tcoculplam g trgmpearic oc iamdc cm uloognc- Sm gstrc cvzrliglt smc ldcc zra fc 8 oc iamdc cpt gshasrd“fsl smc àooc`tlam dc zcrlzfcrlcp-Bcgsàsz d“faiicp dc `sotsrc dcurglcmt zasualr ua|gncr jg Zgrlp/ jg Bcrolm/ jg Raic as jg Oamdrcp zasr | ualr dcp igmlecptgtlamp dc zraulm`lgolpic- @gr og zraulm`c cpt gugmt tast sm pcmtlicmt-

&& Lo egooglt goocr/ zgr cvcizoc/ cm 7<56/ jg sm àm`crt ds Daiglmc Ispl`go ; lo eg)ooglt | ualr oc zsbol` zcsrcsv nslnmgmt ocp gstrcp zasr zasualr && p“arlcmtcr ,,/ zasr rczcrcr ocp Ősurcp wsl dcurglcmt c˅trc gzzogsdlcp ct `coocp wsl mc oc dcurglcmt zgp- Gzrjcp

ear c fcpltgtlamp &ucrltgboc tcmplam zp|`faoanlwsc,/ oc ecs ucrt ctglt dammc- Smc Ős)urc icdla`rc t sm tgbg` ; smc gstrc icloocsrc cst sm ps``jcp icrltc iglp ialmdrc ;

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urc icdla`rc t sm tgbg` ; smc gstrc/ icloocsrc/ cst sm ps``cp icrltc/ iglp ialmdrc ;og zosp lmtcrcppgmtc/ `cooc dc Iartam Ecodigm/ est ergzzcc zgr og igppsc lmcrtc dc o“lmdlcrcm`c ncmcrgoc- & - - - ,

&& Ws“cpt) c wsc og zraulm c1 M“cpt)cooc zgp zgrtast1 Og zraulm c cpt sm pcmtlicmt 8`cosl dc o“lm`gzg`ltc dc dcàsurlr as dc rc ammg˅ķtrc dcp ugocsrp- @cttc lizslppgm`c pc

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igmlecptc palt zgr o“lmegtsgtlam/ palt zgr sm àizocvc d“lmecrlarltc/ palt zgr dc o“glnrcsr-

Og zraulm`c/ `“cpt zrc`lpcicmt oc rcngrd hctc gstasr dc pal jg og dcrabcc/ zasr pgualr `c ws“am zcst ct `c ws“am mc zcst zgp gzzogsdlr- ,,

Hc ic pasulcmp ds zcs dc `gp ws“lo eglpglt dc o“grtlptc dc bam na˅ st wsl/ palt igmwscdc ugloogm`c/ palt àizocvc dcp `sotsrcp ilmcsrcp/ ucst c˅trc cm rjcnoc / zctlt zgralpplcmwsl pc dalt d“abclr gsv dc`rctp ucmsp d“cm fgst/ dc Zgrlp/ dc Mc~ \ark/ dc Dgriptgdt/dc @aoanmc/ dc Bcrolm/ wsl pc dalt d“gttcmdrc ocsr ecs ucrt- && G o“lmptgr d“Cmcpà/ h“gl cultc oc uaoamtgrlpic pt|olptlwsc ; zasr Cmcpà/ oc pt|oc `“cpt o“faiic &as og isplwsc, ;

oc pt|oc wsgmd lo mc p“abpcruc zgp- @c ws“am g gzzcoc/ `cp dcrmljcrcp dc`cmmlcp/ zsrlpic pt|olptlwsc cwslugst jg smc ulplam ds pt|oc cm czrasucttc/ smc àmdsltc dc o“grtlptc &dc o“grt, guc` smc pcrulcttc zrazrc mascc gstasr ds às/ guc` og easr`fcttc dgmp og iglm ngs`fc ct oc àstcgs dgmp og draltc/ cm nslnmgmt ds àlm dc o“Őlo oc ualplm d“jg `˅ atc as d“cm eg`c- Ocp `fapcp mc pc zgppcmt hgiglp àiic ¶ g dgmp oc nrgmd grt &---, Sm zsrlptc àiic Dcbspp| oglppc dc tcizp cm tcizp trgmpzgrg˅ķtrc Igppcmct cm olnrgmc as cmàrc `crtglmcp pasr cp eaokoarlwscp ; zasr mc zgp zgrocr dc Bg`f as dc Bcctfaucm- ,,

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Hc ulcmp dc olrc/ dgmp oc zranrgiic d“smc igmlecptgtlam `sotsrcooc/ og blanrgzflc dcdcsv grtlptcp ucmsp d“sm dcp zg|p dc o“Cpt- @aiic tast oc iamdc/ ocp dcsv zraecppcmtog olbcrtc gs`sm m“g pszzartc oc rcgolpic pa`lgolptc ml m“g glic og dl`tgtsrc O“sm o“g

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og olbcrtc/ gs`sm m g pszzartc oc rcgolpic pa`lgolptc/ ml m g glic og dl`tgtsrc- O sm o geslc/ o“gstrc cpt rcmtrc gs zg|p/ zasr ‐ o“cvzrcpplam cpt jg og iadc ‐ àibgttrc oc igodc o“lmtcrlcsr- Farilp `cttc zctltc dlcrcm`c/ smgmliltc---

Am àmeamd zcst)c˅trc traz pasucmt àsrgnc zaoltlwsc ct àsrgnc dc zcmpcr- @c pamtojg/ jg iam gulp/ `fapcp blcm dlptlm`tcp/ wsl mc pc pszzapcmt nsjcrc o“smc o“gstrc- Lo m“cpt

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zgp rgrc dc ualr wsc ocp faiicp dc o“Cpt p“gttrlbscmt gppcx uaoamtlcrp sm nrgmd àsrgnczaoltlwsc ; h“| ualp/ oc zosp pasucmt/ smc dcegloogm`c dc ocsr àsrgnc lmtcooc`tsco/ wsgmd`c m“cpt zgp sm igmwsc dc zrabltc-

Ct ic˅ic pl oc àsrgnc zaoltlwsc d“sm grtlptc est rcco/ jg wsal `cog pcrt)lo dc tcmlrbam eg`c jg smc dl`tgtsrc wsgmd am pc zolc gsv ldccp ct gsv cvlncm`cp dc og isotltsdcas ws“am `gzltsoc dcugmt ocp oalp ds igr`fc 1 G wsal `cog rlic)t)lo dc dcmam`cr ocptsrzltsdcp d“sm rcnlic ct d“g`wslcp`cr jg `coocp d“sm gstrc 1 Dc rchctcr oc rcgolpicpa`lgolptc ct d“gzzogsdlr gs rcgolpic àmpsicrlptc 1

Pgmp dcàmpldcrcr og wscptlam ds àsrgnc zaoltlwsc &pam zrcilcr àm`crta zasr fls˅tcct pam azcrg Oc ecptlm dcp nscsv osl ugosrcmt wscowscp cmmslp,/ iam zjcrc m“ctglt/ hc `ralp/nsjcrc cmòlm jg cm cvgncrcr og zartcc- Lo cptliglt wsc oc urgl àsrgnc ctglt `cosl dc mczalmt zcmpcr àiic ocp gstrcp/ zgp zosp d“gloocsrp ws“cm eam`tlam dc pcp àmtcizarglmp-&& Hc m“gl hgiglp glic c˅trc sz)ta)dgtc ; h“gl cultc og isplwsc jg `grg`tjcrc pglpammlcr-H“gnrcc o“lmdczcmdgm`c grtlptlwsc ; smc Ősurc gstamaic ic zgrg˅ķt zosp zcrcmmc ; cooc cvlptc cm cooc)ic˅ic ct zgr co oc)ic˅ic/ ct mam cm tgmt ws“loosptrgtlam d“smc tcmdgm`c

wscoàmwsc- ,,

Gstgmt dlrc tast dc psltc wsc/ pl pasucmt lo mc zcmpglt zgp àiic pcp pcibog)bocp/ `“ctglt pgmp og `lràmptgm`c gttcmsgmtc dc og zapc ct dc og zraua`gtlam/ ocpwscoocpm“ctglcmt jg pam pcmp ws“smc eg¶am dc pc rgzzartcr gsv gstrcp/ ct dam`/ dc eslr o“lmògp)pgboc zasr cm ilmlilpcr ocp zcrlop- Og zraua`gtlam/ og zapc/ og zaocilwsc/ ctglcmt jg pcp

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pgboc zasr cm ilmlilpcr ocp zcrlop- Og zraua`gtlam/ og zapc/ og zaocilwsc/ ctglcmt g pcp|csv `fapcp traz eg`locp jg pltscr ; coocp dgtcmt/ pasucmt/ d“cibocc- Lo guglt zosta˅t oc nas˅tdc o“giblns¦ķtc/ dc og dcrastc ; lo gliglt dcàm`crtcr/ psrzrcmdrc- Lo àmpldcrglt ws“cmgrt/ oc àsrgnc oc zosp rgrc cpt ialmp oc àsrgnc dc dlrc mam &iat wsc/ jg og egucsr dco“cpzrlt dc ògm/ m“lizartc wscooc gugmt)ngrdc g tashasrp ps zramam`cr, wsc oc àsrgnc

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d“cvzrlicr/ dgmp og paoltsdc/ cvg`tcicmt `c ws“am guglt jg dlrc/ ‐ dc zrcecrcm`c pgmp pcpas`lcr dcp ctlwscttcp wsc o“am uasp gzzapcrg/ ct cmàrc ialmp dc `coocp ws“am g dchjgàooccp gsv gstrcp- &&& Oc `grg`tjcrc zcs igmlecptc dc o“Ősurc d“Cmcpà/ oc eglt ws“cooc m“cpt zgp rgttg`fgboc jg sm àsrgmt as jg smc tc`fmlwsc pzc`lwsc/ o“c`rltsrc dlff`loc jg tfcarlpcr &lmds`tluc zosp wsc dcds`tluc,/ rcmdcmt igoglpcc pg àizrcfcmplam/ iglp cm rcàizcmpcmt àzlcspcicmt o“cart- ,,,

Pcoam pg àmul`tlam zraeamdc/ `c m“cpt zgp gm dc pcdslrc as d“c˅trc gdilrc wsco“grtlptc dcurglt pc ic˅ocr dc zradslrc- G)t)lo wscowsc `fapc jg dlrc 1 Og rfctarlwsc dculcmt

goarp pcàmdglrc- Og ugocsr d“smc Ősurc/ d“sm grtlptc ‐ lo eglpglt zgrtlc dc `csv wsl ocpgucmt ‐ m“g zgp tashasrp bcgsàsz jg ualr guc` og rcsppltc pa`lgoc/ o“gdilrgtlam ct ocpgzzogsdlppcicmtp psp`ltcp psr oc àsz-

&& O“cvfartgtlam gdrcppcc zgr Cmcpà gsv àizapltcsrp 8 pa|cx plm`jcrcp dgmp uatrcgrt cpt àmpldcrcc d“fgbltsdc àiic smc earic d“lizgpplbloltc eg`c jg o“lmmaugtlam ;o“lmmaugtlam dalt c˅trc smc àmpcwscm`c ct mam sm bst- Iglp `cttc cvfartgtlam cpt cm ic˅ic tcizp lizgpplbloltc dcugmt og wscptlam dc o“g``cpplbloltc dc o“Ősurc 8 pa|cx uasp)ic˅icp ct/ pl uasp gucx wscowsc `fapc jg dlrc/ o“g``cpplbloltc dc o“Ősurc dcàsocrg dc pg ugocsr/ dc pg wsgoltc ic˅ic ; o“g` cpplbloltc mam zosp m“cpt zgp sm bst cm grt/ iglp zost˅ at smc àmpcwscm`c- &- - - , Ocp àizapltcsrp mc dcurglcmt zgp ear`cr ocp pcrrsrcp dc o“g``cpplbloltc/ `gr og zrabltc cm grt rczrcpcmtc jg og ealp oc `fcilm dc og pgncppc ct og ualc dc o“gsdg`c- ,, H“gl tashasrp zgrtgnc `c zalmt dc usc/ gugmt ic˅ic d“cm àmmg˅ķtrc

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H sh s p z n z us / uocp dlcrcmtcp olgtlamp- @crtcp/ am g o“glr zosp lmtcoolncmt wsgmd am rcogtlulpc ocp `fa)pcp/ wsgmd am gffric ws“cm grt àiic zgrtast/ oc `falv dcp `rltjcrcp cpt grbltrglrc/ws“lo dczcmd dcp àmtrccp/ dcp `lulolpgtlamp/ dcp czawscp- Hc `ralp zasrtgmt wsc zog`croc `rltjcrc dc o“gstfcmtl`ltc gugmt `cosl dc o“g``cpplbloltc ct dc o“arlnlmgoltc/ osl g`àrdcr

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smc rcogtluc zrlarltc eg`c gsv gstrcp/ cwslugst mam pcsocicmt jg smc zapltlam cptfctlwsc/iglp gsppl ct psrtast jg sm `falv iargo- @c m“cpt zgp wsc ocp Ősurcp rccoocicmt gs)tfcmtlwscp palcmt &cm zrlm`lzc, zosp bcoocp as zosp urglcp/ iglp oc pas`l d“gstfcmtl`ltcic pciboc cmtrg˅ķmcr `fcx o“grtlptc smc dczcmpc d“cnatlpic ialmdrc wsc oc pas`l d“arl)nlmgoltc as oc dcplr d“g``cpplbloltc-

Hc `ra|glp dlp`crmcr `fcx osl smc `crtglmc àmdcp`cmdgm`c hc mc dlp zgp jg o“cngrd dcp`cocbrltcp cm ncmcrgo/ iglp dc `coocp d“cmtrc coocp ‐ gppcx maibrcspcp/ jg og ucrltc ‐ wslàiicm`cmt jg zrcmdrc ocsr ps``jcp gs pcrlcsv/ wsl mlppcmt zgr | `ralrc/ ct zgr | ualr

og zrcsuc ct og icpsrc dc ocsr ncmlc- Brce/ jg o“cngrd dcp grtlptcp wsc oc ps``jcp dcppjc`fc/ct wsc og noalrc àmpg`rc gs iaicmt ic˅ic ajs ‐ zcrpammc m“cm cpt cmàrc gs àsrgmt ‐lop m“amt zosp rlcm jg dlrc- @aiicmt/ pc dcigmdglt)lo zgrealp/ grrluc)t)am jg glicr/ jg mczgp glicr as jg lnmarcr pcsocicmt zgr`c wsc og easoc as ocp lmptltstlamp cm eamt gstgmt1&&& Wsc o“grt palt sm daiglmc dc og psbhc tlultc/ dcp àmmatgtlamp lmdluldscoocp as dc nraszc/ `cog eglt ws“am asbolc zgrealp wsc og ugocsr cm pal cvlptc cm grt gsppl/ wsc `cttc ugocsr cpt abhc tluc- Smc Ősurc d“grt cvlptc dc zgr pg ugocsr ic˅ic ct `cttc cvlptcm c mc pgsrglt c˅trc gbaolc as rcuawscc- Am ualt dc tcizp cm tcizp dcp grtlptcp paool`ltcr d“smc igmljcrc cvgncrcc dcp coancp jg o“cngrd dc ocsr grt/ àiic pl o“coanc àiic tco zasuglt dammcr smc wscoàmwsc ugocsr jg smc Ősurc- O“coanc mc zcst wsc rc ammg˅ķtrc `c wsl cvlptc dchjg- @c wsl m“cvlptc zgp mc zcst c˅trc zradslt jg àszp dc dcògrgtlamp dc p|izgtflc- &- - - , Lo | g zgrealp smc partc dc àizcmpgtlam/ dc hsptl c dgmp oc dcptlm dcp

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| z & , | z e z / hugocsrp- Ocp gstcsrp traz oascp cm zg|cmt oc zrlv dgmp og zaptcrltc- Ocp ncmlcp lnmarcp | zrcmmcmt zgrealp ocsr rcugm`fc- Sm àizapltcsr damt og isplwsc cpt traz hascc/ sm

zajctc ws“am g traz zsbolc amt bcpalm jg sm `crtglm iaicmt ws“am ocp oglppc pc rczapcr sm zcs ; smc isplwsc traz oamntcizp cultcc zcst cògtcr guc` smc ear c lmgttcmdsc- ,,,

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Wsalwsc `cojcbrc dgmp pam zg|p ct haslppgmt d“smc `crtglmc matarlctc cm A``ldcmt/ lo m“gzs zrcmdrc pg `cocbrltc/ ml pam ps``jcp/ urglicmt gs pcrlcsv- Coalnmc dcp àmearilpicp/dcp àsrgmtp cm zgppc d“c˅trc rcàmmsp as dchjg aff`lcop/ lo pc uasoglt ‐ jg o“lmptgr d“smIaspparnpkl/ d“sm Lucp/ d“sm Hgmgˎck as d“sm Ugrjcpc ‐ grtlptc dc og paoltsdc-

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Hc mc tlcmp zgp jg rgmncr ocp àizapltcsrp dgmp og `gtcnarlc dc zosp cm zosp rczgmdscct maibrcspc dcp grtlptcp dltp lmògppgbocp- @c iat/ wsl mc ucst zosp rlcm dlrc/ icrltc

zratc`tlam- Hc zrcejcrc gffricr/ dgmp sm cpzrlt dc rcògic ct dc zraiatlam ialmp gnrcp)pluc/ ws“Gmgtao Ulcrs ct pam Ősurc pamt pcsocicmt dlff`locp jg pltscr - Smc dcp rglpampzraeamdcp cm cpt wsc pg zcmpcc rczsnmglt cooc)ic˅ic gsv ògppl`gtlamp 8 lo gzzgrtlcmt jgog àmercrlc gppcx rcptrclmtc dcp zcmpcsrp wsl mc zcmpcmt nsjcrc jg àszp d“ctlwscttcp/ dc`gtcnarlcp)tlralrp/ dc iatp ct dc dl`tlammglrcp- Gsppl mc uasoglt)lo zgp wsc ocp ctlwscttcposl àoocmt- Wsl ulpc jg o“lmògppgboc dalt gugmt tast p“gbptcmlr dc ògppcr ocp gstrcp- Ctlo pc rcmdglt àiztc/ hc `ralp/ wsc `c`l cpt oanlwsc/ ct ic˅ic/ d“smc `crtglmc igmljcrc/

cwsltgboc - &&& Lo mc egst zgp traz &---, pg`rlcr gsv iatp- @c wsl cpt pal)dlpgmt ds pt|oc m“cpt zgrealp wsc igmljcrc- Zgr àmtrc/ ocp && jg og igmljcrc dc ,, pamt cm ucrltc/wscowscealp/ smc fgstc igmlecptgtlam ds pt|oc- ,,,

Hc m“gl ial)ic˅ic gs`sm eglboc zasr ocp ògppl`gtlamp 8 ocp àm`cztp)tlralrp mlppcmtzgr icmcr dgmp ocp tc˅tcp smc partc d“cvlptcm`c gstamaic wsl m“g zosp rlcm jg ualr guc`

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og àizocvltc dc og rcgoltc ct dc o“grt- Ct zasrtgmt hc m“cm àmptgtc zgp ialmp wsc oczgràsrp ucrpgtloc d“sm Zl`gppa as d“sm Ptrgulmpk| cpt tast `c ws“lo | g dc zosp azzapc

jg `cosl/ icdltgtle / ualrc abpcpplammco / d“sm Nlgàicttl/ d“sm ^cbcrm- G zrazap dc `cpdcrmlcrp ct dc `csv wsl psr `c zalmt ocsr rcppcibocmt/ am cpt cm dralt dc pc dcigmdcr

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p“lop pamt gbparbcp zgr smc ldcc as p“lop pamt abpcdcp gugmt tast zgr pg ilpc cm Ősurc-&&& & - - - , o“cppcmtlco cm grt/ `“cpt oc ncmcrgo as oc zgrtl`solcr 1 & - - - , ,,,

Ergmk Farugt/ jg wsl h“cvzapglp og wscptlam/ ic t rcigrwscr wsc && usonglrcicmtzgrogmt/ lo | g dcp faiicp wsl ulucmt tastc ocsr ulc guc` smc pcsoc eciic ct d“gstrcpwsl mc oc zcsucmt zgp- ,, Zasr c˅trc zapcc && usonglrcicmt ,,/ og wscptlam m“cm cpt zgpialmp zosp àizolwscc ws“cooc m“| zgrg˅ķt- Zgril `csv wsl mc pc àmtcmtcmt nsjcrc d“smceciic smlwsc/ lo cm cpt zasr wsl og ulc cwslugst jg smc pcrlc zosp as ialmp oamnsc dciamangilcp zosp as ialmp brjcucp ; lo | cm g/ gsppl blcm/ zasr wsl cooc cpt smc àmtlmscooc

zao|ngilc- Pltsgtlamp dc iamangilc ct dc zao|ngilc zcsucmt/ wscowscealp/ gotcrmcr-Zgr gloocsrp lo | g gsppl oc `gp dc o“grtlptc cuaostle 8 P`rlgblmc/ Bcctfaucm/ P`f¦ambcrn/

Iamdrlgm/ Brg˅m`s¶pl-

@crtglmcp cuaostlamp pamt dcp `fgmncicmtp ; d“gstrcp/ dcp cmrl`flppcicmtp zgr à)s`fcp ps``cpplucp pc rghastgmt pgmp traz cg`cr ocp gm`lcmmcp- && O“Ősurc d“Cmcpà m“g zgp cizrsmtc oc `fcilm dc o“czsrc ct dc og plizol`gtlam/ àiic `c est oc `gp `fcx sm Ptrgulmpk|/ sm Bgrt´ ak as sm ^cbcrm ; cooc g cuaosc jg og egucsr dc ocmtcp trgmpearig)

tlamp ct dc dc`gmtgncp ; ocp ptrgtcp masuco ocp mc pamt zgp ucmscp cvòsrc ocp zrc`cdcmtcp/iglp p“| pamt ghastccp/ cmtrcic˅occp/ zasr pc zsrlcr cmpsltc tast cm ngrdgmt bcgsàszd“cocicmtp && gm`lcmp ,,- @“cpt zasrwsal Cmcpà cpt o“sm dcp àizapltcsrp ocp zosp ài)zocvcp/ rgffmcp ct pc`rctp ds VVc pljcòc- Zasr haslr zoclmcicmt dc pg isplwsc/ `cosl wsl o“càstc dalt àizrcmdrc ct pcmtlr tastcp `cp ptrgtcp wsl | àcvlptcmt- &- - - , Bgrt´ ak/

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^cbcrm/ Ugrjcpc icttcmt smc partc dc zartc dcugmt oc icoaigmc mam gucrtl ; smc ealp `cttc zartc ergm`flc/ ocsr isplwsc dculcmt òglrc ct g``cpplboc- @c m“cpt zgp zgrclo `fcx

Cmcpà- Smc ealp zgppcc og zrciljcrc zartc/ am àmptgtc ws“lo cm ict dcugmt uasp d“gs)trcp ct d“gstrcp cmàrc- ,,

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Hc `ralp cmtrcualr dgmp `c zgppgnc ‐ hc mc oc olp wsc iglmtcmgmt/ wsgmd hc mc zcsvzosp zapcr dc wscptlamp ‐ og halc pc`rjctc dc o“grtlptc wsl cm glic sm gstrc pgmp traz pcdastcr wsc `c ws“lo cm dlt oc àm`crmc/ d“smc `crtglmc igmljcrc/ tast gstgmt-

Pcp Ősurcp mc ic rgzzcoocmt zgp urglicmt Cmcpà/ Ugrjcpc/ as Lucp- Iglp lo m“cptpgmp dastc zgp àizojctcicmt egsv dc dlrc wsc `csv)`l ctglcmt zasr osl dcp partcp dciadjcocp gbptrgltp- &&& P“lo | g smc àmtlmsltc dgmp ocp zrca``szgtlamp/ `cooc)`l ic zgrg˅ķt zosp pasfgltgboc/ zosp ulugmtc ws“sm p|ptjcic àsps dc o bogm`- &- - - , O“lmdlcrcm c gs p|ptjcic cpt sm faiignc jg og dlucrpltc ds rcco- I“g tashasrp ctglt `fjcrc smc smltc

uc`sc ct mam uasosc / lizapcc && dc o“cvtcrlcsr ,, zgr o“gstcsr osl)ic˅ic- ,,,

Ws“cpt)`c wsc/ d“gloocsrp/ sm iadjcoc gbptrglt1 Og 26 c ugrlgtlam Naodbcrn rgzzcooc‐ jg `gspc psrtast dcp trloocp ‐ og hsblogtlam `cocptc dc og m dc og pamgtc azsp 777 dcBcctfaucm/ jg wsl cooc gsrglt zs pcrulr dc && iadjcoc ,,- Oc zrcosdc az- 43 dc @fazlmrgzzcooc gnmcr tgmt zgr wscowscp trgltp d“c`rltsrc wsc zgr oc pcmtlicmt/ zosta˅t rgrc/dc og pzocmdcsr dc og iart- Smc ealp wsc hc p `cp rcigrwscp jg sm gil/ `cosl)`l ic

rctarwsg 8&&

ocp trloocp dc o“azsp 777 tlcmmcmt dc o“gtiapzfjcrc/ dc og dcmpltc dgmp ogwscoocbglnmc og icoadlc ct oc rcptc ; ocp trloocp dcp Naodbcrn rcojcucmt/ csv/ dc og ptrs`tsrc 8`fg`smc dcp 0: ugrlgtlamp Naodbcrn rczrcmd ct dcucoazzc sm `crtglm cocicmt àmtcmsdgmp oc tfjcic- Cm wsal Bg`f rcppciboc ‐ psr oc zogm gbptrglt/ zraeamd/ ptrs`tsrco ‐ jgPta`kfgspcm ct mam jg Bcctfaucm- O“gmgoanlc cmtrc @fazlm ct ^gnmcr m“cpt zgp zospzcrtlmcmtc 8 am trasuc dcp ocltiatluc ‐ jg o“ctgt cibr|ammglrc ‐ zosta˅t `fcx P`fsbcrt

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zcrtlmcmtc 8 am trasuc dcp ocltiatluc g o ctgt cibr|ammglrc zostat `fcx P`fsbcrtwsc `fcx @fazlm- ,,

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Cizrsmtamp sm cvcizoc jg og zclmtsrc 8 sm tgbocgs ltgolcm ds VUc pljcòc cpt oc zosppasucmt ptrs`tsrc zgr sm cocicmt earico zrc`lp 8 ocp oalp dc og zcrpzc`tluc- @c m“cpt zgpzgrclo zasr og zoszgrt dcp tgbocgsv flgigmdp as faoogmdglp dc o“czawsc/ wsl/ mcgmialmp/abclppcmt gsv ic˅icp oalp 8 lo pamt ncmcrgocicmt ptrs`tsrcp mam zgp tgmt zgr og zcrpzc`)tluc wsc zgr og osiljcrc/ cocicmt wsl/ zgr gloocsrp/ cpt oalm d“c˅trc gbpcmt `fcx ocp Ltgolcmp&wsalws“lo | tlcmmc sm ra˅oc pcàmdglrc,- D“sm zalmt dc usc earico/ og zclmtsrc ltgolcmmccpt ‐ dlt)am/ ct h“cm àmulcmp ‐ zosp àfcrcmtc/ zosp gr`fltc`tsrgoc/ zosp gonarltfilwsc/zosp dcds`tluc 8 g o“azzapc dc og zclmtsrc flgigmdc ‐ zosta˅t lmds`tluc ‐ ocp dctglop |zra`jcdcmt dc o“cmpciboc- Glmpl/ `c wsl/ zasr `crtglmp/ cwslugst jg smc mgoltc àmptltsczasr d“gstrcp zalmt dc dczgrt as dctasr- Lmucrpcicmt/ `c wsc d“gs`smp àmpldjcrcmtàiic zcrlzfcrlc/ czldcric/ cpt zasr d“gstrcp oc `Ősr - Ocp trloocp dc o“azsp 777 mctlcmmcmt zgp/ àiic `fcx Bg`f/ dc og ptrs`tsrc/ dc og ncaictrlc- Palt- Lop rcojcucmtdc og àsocsr/ dc og dcmpltc/ dc og osiljcrc- Pgse wsc `fcx Bcctfaucm ‐ psrtast dgmpocp tfjcicp jg ugrlgtlamp ct ocp Bgngtcoocp dc og dcrmljcrc zcrladc ‐ osiljcrc/ àsocsr ctdcmpltc dculcmmcmt/ àiic `fcx Ugm C|`k as Ucriccr/ zrlm`lzcp ptrs`tsrgmtp-

Og àfcrcm`c earicooc/ h“cm pslp gsppl àmuglm`s wsc iam zjcrc/ zcst c˅trc zraeamdcas/ gs àmtrglrc/ dc psreg`c ; cooc zcst c˅trc rccooc as eg`tl`c- && Am g eglt tgmt dc isplwscp guc dcp maibrcp zrcilcrp/ guc og psltc Elbamg``l/ ct - ; dgmp zcs d“cmtrc coocp ocp maibrcp cm wscptlam amt ctc cmtcmdsp ; dgmp og zoszgrt/ lop amt gldc jg ctgbolr smc àfcrcm`c dc psreg`c/ pgmp zcrtlmcm`c- ,,

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Hc m“gl zgp og zrctcmtlam dc zgrocr dc iam zjcrc cm tastc abhc`tlultc- Hc m“cmtcmdpzgp i“cvtgplcr zsbolwscicmt dcugmt pg isplwsc- Lo gzzgrtlcmdrg jg og zaptcrltc d“ctgbolr

pcp icrltcp ct pg zog`c dgmp og isplwsc ds VVc pljcòc ct zcst)c˅trc ds VVLc ; d“ctsdlcrpcp zrlm`lzcp cptfctlwscp/ pcp àm`cztp/ pcp tc`fmlwscp dc àizapltlam/ jg iam pcmp

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gppcx ogrncp ct rl`fcp/ iglp dgmp ocsr cppcm`c zgp gsppl maibrcsv wsc og dlucrpltc gz)zgrcmtc dc pam Ősurc oc oglppcrglt pszzapcr- Pamt zgràsrp cpt)lo `cosl d“sm && ucrpgtloc ,,/d“sm && cuaostle ,,/ d“sm && icdltgtle ,,/ d“sm && abpcpplammco ,,1 Hc m“| pgsrglp rczamdrcdc igmljcrc smluawsc- @fgwsc mlucgs dc oc`tsrc/ d“càstc ct d“cmtcmdcicmt rcmucr)rglt dgmp pam `gp jg sm gdhc`tle dlcrcmt- Cm dczlt dc ocsrp dlppcibogm`cp igmlecptcp/iglmtcp dc pcp Ősurcp pc rchalnmcmt cm zraeamdcsr cm | oglppgmt pasucmt trgmpzgrg˅ķtrc/cmtrc gstrcp/ oc zrlm`lzc ds `rlboc / smc `crtglmc zcmpcc iadgoc &lo dcucoazzg smc tfcarlcncmcrgoc dcp iadcp 3<,/ og earic dc òczp|drc as cmàrc smc `crtglmc eg¶am dc àmtci)zocr oc Ispcc ‐ o“grt/ og isplwsc ds zgppc ‐ guc` o“Őlo àm`rct ds zrcpcmt ct `cosl/gbptrglt/ ds estsr-

Lo gzzgrtlcmdrg zrabgbocicmt tashasrp jg og zaptcrltc d“ctgbolr pam ra˅oc dgmp && ocrctasr jg og àmpamgm`c mam)tamgoc ,, &ra˅oc tast dlcrcmt dc `cosl dcp ilmligolptcp,/ pamra˅oc dgmp o“gujcmcicmt ds zapt)iadcrmlpic 5:/ pam lmflscm`c ‐ ws“cooc palt dlrc`tc aslmdlrc`tc ‐ psr sm P`fmlttkc as smc Nasbg¦ķdasolmg/ pcp lmtcrecrcm`cp zosp as ialmprc`lzrawscp guc` sm Ptrac/ sm Vcmgklp/ smc Igrbc/ sm Olnctl/ sm Aogf/ sm Ksrtgn-

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Tgrdc ucmlcmtlbsp appg ugst mam pcsocicmt zasr ocp `fcep d“ar`fcptrc/ ocpwscop dalucmt a` szcr sm maibrc rcptrclmt dc zaptcp gszrjcp dcp ar`fcptrcp/ iglp gsppl zasr

3<- Blcm ws“lo p“gnlppc dc dcsv gvcp dlptlm`tp ‐ og fgstcsr dcp pamp ct oc tcizp ‐/ am trasuc oc zrlm`lzcdc zcrladl`ltc tgmt dgmp og matlam dc iadc wsc dgmp og tc`fmlwsc ds `rlboc - @cooc)`l àmplptc jg zra)dslrc dcp cucmcicmtp ‐ as ògppcp d“cucmcicmtp ‐ wsl gzzgrglppcmt ct dlpzgrglppcmt ct rcgzzgrglppcmtpslugmt dlcrcmtcp zcrladl`ltcp @cp zcrladl`ltcp àrrcpzamdcmt gsv maibrcp zrcilcrp daiglmc ajs og

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pslugmt dlcrcmtcp zcrladl`ltcp- @cp zcrladl`ltcp àrrcpzamdcmt gsv maibrcp zrcilcrp/ daiglmc as og&& zrcdcptlmgtlam ,, à˅talc/ àiic msooc zgrt gloocsrp/ o“lizrculplboc-

5:- Hc zcmpc cmtrc gstrcp jg pg 2

c

p|izfamlc &àizapcc cm 7<>2,/ damt oc pcàmd iasucicmt/ egltd“g`àrdp àmpamgmtp cm`fg˅ķmcp pcoam smc oanlwsc mam)tamgoc &`cooc ds `rlboc d“Crgtaptfjcmc, zradslplt/oarp dc pg `rcgtlam jg Bcrolm/ sm p`gmdgoc-

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ocp àizapltcsrp- Og oal ds fgpgrd pc igmlecptc ojg cmàrc ajs og wsgoltc dcurglt icttrc ocp `fapcp jg ocsr zog`c zgr cooc)ic˅ic- &- - - , P`f¦ ambcrn/ Bcrn/ ^cbcrm/ pamt ucmsp traztgrd gs ecptlm- Ugrjcpc/ jg >: gmp/ cst cmàrc o“a` gplam d“gpplptcr dlnmc/ acmpc iglp cis/ jg pg rcàmmglppgm`c- Iglp Zcrnaocpl1 Iglp Iaxgrt1 Iglp Blxct1 Iglp P`fsbcrt1 Oc àizapltcsr cpt ear`c dc rcngrdcr gsppl oc iamdc dc o“gs)dcojg/ pc rchaslr zasr goarp /cvtrglrc pcp halcp ds trguglo psr pcp zgrtltlamp/ dc o“lizapplbloltc dc mc zgp c`rlrc- ,,

Lo pc tcmglt tashasrp cm rctrglt/ jg o“c`grt- Trglt dc `grg`tjcrc cv`cpplucicmt rgrc/ lomc zgroglt hgiglp dc osl)ic˅ic/ ml dc pcp Ősurcp- Lo i“g tashasrp zgrs d“smc iadcptlc

igogdluc/ `cooc/ zcst)c˅trc/ dcp nrgmdp arnscloocsv- Mam àmtcmt d“cvc`rcr ocp gzzogs)dlppcicmtp/ lo mc pszzartglt zgp dgugmtgnc c˅trc oasc- Ct hc `ralp àizrcmdrc traz blcmzasrwsal- Ocp àizolicmtp flgttcmt og ugmltc- - - Ar o“arnscloocsv cpt cvgpzcrc jg o“ldccws“am zslppc oc `ralrc uglm gs zalmt d“| c˅trc pcmplboc- Ws“lo oc ucslooc as mam/ o“arnscl)oocsv/ cpzrlt zgr cv`coocm`c paoltglrc/ oglppc cmtcmdrc 8 hc pglp trjcp blcm wsl hc pslp ct `cwsc hc ugsv/ lmdczcmdgiicmt dc uap oasgmncp-

&& Lo p“ctglt gnl/ dgmp iam `gp/ d“smc gstrc oanlwsc dc o“cm`fg˅ķmcicmt dcp g`àrdp

àmpamgmtp- Lo cpt urgl wsc && o“gugmt)ngrdc ,, d“gshasrd“fsl rcestc o“ldcc d“cm`fgķ˅mcicmtdcp g`àrdp àmpamgmtp- Pam abpcpplam/ `“cpt o“gmtl)mcaògppl`lpic- O“g`àrd àmpamgmtg ctc gdaztc cm tgmt wsc zgrtlc dc og rcpamgm`c mgtsrcooc ds pam &- - - , ; iglp am uasprcàiigmdc dc rcptcr jg o“lmtcrlcsr dc og rcpamgm`c ds ic˅ic pam eamdgicmtgo/ ct ialmpuasp cm `fgmncrcx pasucmt/ ilcsv `c pcrg- O“cm`fg˅ķmcicmt d“g`àrdp [àmpamgmtpY m“cpt

´´ A h l l j t ´ d d f d lj t ˅t d t

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zgp gnrccc- Ar/ hc ic pslp zcrilp/ jg `ct cngrd/ dc igr`fcr dcrrljcrc as zcst)ctrc dcugmto“gugmt)ngrdc- Smc `crtglmc gmflptarl`ltc g tashasrp àmucms jg iam cpzrlt- ,, Pam arnsclo

àmplptc/ cm o“a``srrcm`c/ ialmp jg dlrc && hc igr`fc zgrealp dcugmt o“gugmt)ngrdc ,, ws“jggffricr && hc mc ic pcmp zgp abolnc dc igr`fcr guc` cooc ,,-

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Ual`l sm ergnicmt d“sm dc pcp cppglp wsl/ blcm ws“lo m“cm palt zgp dlrc`tcicmt wscp)tlam/ cm dlt oamn psr pam gttltsdc eg`c jg o“ldcc ic˅ic d“gugmt)ngrdc &smc ctlwscttc',/ dco“cnatlpic wsc zgrealp cooc pszzapc/ dc og ugmltc dcp zrculplamp wsl pamt d“fgbltsdc ocpplcmmcp ct wsl pasucmt og nsldcmt 8 && Gstrcealp/ gshasrd“fsl m“ctglt ws“sm iaicmt dgmp og nrgmdc trgmpltlam ; oc zrcpcmt eglpglt zrcsuc d“smc `crtglmc iadcptlc- Lo rc`cuglt oc zgppc/ ws“lo uasoglt trgmpicttrc/ g``rs/ gs estsr- Iglmtcmgmt/ oc zrcpcmt ucst bcgsàszzosp; lo mc rc¶alt ml mc trgmpict ; lo ucst àiigmdcr oc zgppc ct oc estsr- &- - - , Gm wsc o“faiic d“gshasrd“fsl dculcmmc zosp iadcptc dgmp pcp ugtl`lmgtlamp/ lo m“g ws“jg pc pasucmlr dc o“c`fc` dcp maibrcspcp zrculplamp dc mgnsjcrc- O“flptalrc p“cpt zcrilp mam pcsocicmt dc dcicmtlr/ iglp zsrcicmt ct plizocicmt dc àmtasrmcr/ d“lnmarcr `crtglmcp zrculplamp- Cooc g cs o“glr dc dlrc 8 mam pcsocicmt uasp m“gulcx zgp rglpam/

iglp `c m“cpt zgp dc ¶g ws“lo cpt wscptlam- ,,

H“glicrglp cuawscr oc pshct dc dcsv dc pcp azcrgp 8 Hamgp ct Dcrmlcrp hasrp/ dcrmljcrcp fcsrcp - Oc olurct ds zrcilcr cpt tlrc d“smc zljc`c dc tfcg˅trc dc Igrlm Parcpà ajs ocptralp zcrpammgncp wsl pc zgrocmt pamt oc&p, ic˅ic&p, Hamgp cmnoastl&p, dgmp oc ucmtrc dc

og bgoclmc blbolwsc- Oc olurct dc Dcrmlcrp hasrp/ dcrmljcrcp fcsrcp cpt tlrc dc Iaxgrt ct Pgolcrl dc Zas`fklmc ct dc og zljc`c Zapocdmlc dml &Ocp Dcrmlcrp hasrp , dc Basongkau-Og m dc Iaxgrt d“gzrjcp Zas`fklmc pc dcrasoc cm zgrgoojcoc guc` og m dc Zas`fklmcd“gzrjcp Basongkau- &Ocp dcsv g`tlamp ‐ Zas`fklmc cpt jg og ealp zcrpammgnc ct àgstcsrds olurct ‐ pamt zrcpcmtccp d“gbard cm gotcrmgm`c zslp zcs jg zcs pc àmhsnscmt/ p“cm)`fc c˅trcmt pc àmeamdcmt , Gzrjcp wscowscp gmmccp ajs hc esp rcwslp zgr og wscptlam dc

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074

`fcuctrcmt/ pc àmeamdcmt-, Gzrcp wscowscp gmmccp as hc esp rcwslp zgr og wscptlam dcog p`lpplam ct dc og zosrgoltc dc o“lmdlulds/ hc i“gzcr¶sp wsc iam zjcrc cm ctglt paool`ltc

gs ialmp gstgmt 8 o“sm dc pcp azcrgp ict cm p`jcmc sm c˅trc p`lmdc ; o“gstrc/ smc flptalrc /smc trgncdlc / p`lmdccp-

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Ocp ldccp pamt/ àiic am pglt/ sm blcm àiism dc o“fsigmltc- Pl h“| pasp`rlp ctwsc ocsr earic mc ic dczog˅ķt zgp/ hc m“czrasuc zgp bcgsàsz d“cibgrrgp jg cm ci)zrsmtcr gsv gstrcp- Cm tast `gp/ zgp oc ialmp ds iamdc jg iam zjcrc- &&& Ocp nrgmdcp àmtrlbstlamp jg o“flptalrc dc og `sotsrc pamt/ d“smc `crtglmc igmljcrc/ zrcpwsc asbolccp/zgr`c ws“coocp pc trasucmt zgrtast ; coocp pc trgmpearicmt cm pjcuc ct ocp faiicp pamt lizrcnmcp dc `cttc pjcuc pgmp pgualr d“ajs cooc ulcmt- Oc rctasr dcp ugocsrp dgmp o“g)mam|igt/ ocsr dlppaostlam dgmp o“cmulrammcicmt `sotsrco àmptltsc og m d“sm `|òc- ,,,

&& Cpt)lo zapplboc d“cocucr o“grt gs mlucgs dc og Mgtsrc/ cm tgmt wsc pasr`c d“lmpzlrg)

tlam1 Zcst)am p“lmpzlrcr d“sm grt flppc gs ptgtst dc mgtsrc1 Zcst)am p“lmpzlrcr dc o“grt tast cm cultgmt o“grtl`c1 &Ocp tgocmtp pc dcualocmt jg o“càoc/ jg sm ˅ gnc bgp- Mc ua|gmt zgp dgmp o“Ősurc d“grt oc iamdc/ lop amt ocp |csv nrgmdp asucrtp psr o“grtl c ; tgmdlp wsc @cxgmmc p“cpt cp`rlic zcmdgmt tastc smc ulc jg zclmdrc smc zaiic/ sm tgocmt ardlmglrc uasp liltc trjcp eg`locicmt sm @cxgmmc/ wsl dgmp pam cppcm`c rcptc `czcmdgmt lmliltg)boc-, &- - - , Og dlcrcm c cmtrc ncmlc ct tgocmt m“cpt zgp wsgmtltgtluc/ iglp cppcmtlcooc &- - - , Oc ncmlc/ `“cpt o“gztltsdc jg c˅trc ctammc/ cboasl dgmp og àmtcizogtlam- Oc ncmlc/

`“cpt og eg`sotc dc o“cmegmt dc `rccr oc iamdc/ cm oc dcàsurgmt- Oc ncmlc tlcmt dc og àp)ianamlc/ olcm guc` oc iamdc zgr og `rcgtlam- Zgr àmtrc/ oc tgocmt cpt uctsptc- &- - - , Og zrads`tlam grtlptlwsc &- - - , àmptltsc `c ws“am zasrrglt gzzcocr oc ispcc dc o“fsigmltc-@c ispcc cpt tgmt˅ at mgtsrc iartc/ tgmt˅ at `rcgtlam ulugmtc- Lo rczrcpcmtc smc liicmpc

ear c zatcmtlcooc/ wsl zgppc zgrealp jg o“g`tlam- &- - - , Ocp faiicp/ dc tcizp cm tcizp/ pc pamt cmtfasplgpicp zasr `c ws“lop guglcmt trasuc dgmp oc Ispcc Oarpwsc ocsr àmtg`t

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073

pamt cmtfasplgpicp zasr `c ws lop guglcmt trasuc dgmp oc Ispcc- Oarpwsc ocsr àmtg`t guc` oc Ispcc cpt cm ucrltc smc earic dc àmtg`t guc` og Mgtsrc &Mam)grt,/ ocsr ncmlc

cmrl`flt oc zgtrlialmc pzlrltsco dc o“fsigmltc- Iglp zgrealp/ oc olcm guc` oc Ispcc m“cpt ws“smc igmlecptgtlam ds tgocmt/ `“cpt)jg)dlrc pcsocicmt sm àmtg`t guc` o“grt cm tgmt

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ws“grt- Goarp og ultgoltc dc `cp && d“gzrjcp ,, cpt/ dc bcgsàsz/ dlilmscc ; pasucmt/ oc eglt dc pc rcesnlcr dgmp oc Ispcc m“cvzrlic zrc`lpcicmt wsc o“lm`gzg`ltc dc rcngrdcr cm

eg`c o“cboaslppgmtc mgtsrc- ,,

Hc mc pgsrglp mlr `c tcvtc pgmp cuawscr oc pcmtlicmt ‐ ugmltgp ugmltgtlp ‐ wsc h“gloc zosp zgrtgnc guc` icp zgrcmtp 8 && Oc pcmtlicmt ds tcizp p“gppa`lc dgmp iam cpzrlt jg `cosl dc o“craplam ; `“cpt oc pcmtlicmt wsl/ dgmp Oc `rlboc d“Crgtaptfjcmc / trgmpzgrgķ˅t gs)dcojg ds rldcgs dc og àicdlc- ,,

Gmdrcl UlcrsTGTGO ICS 57

Azcrg dc grt˖ g ms cptc sm dlp`srp ķ˅m `grc gstarso pzsmc `c urcg co; zc i˖ gpsr˖ g `c cptc `rcgt˖ g/ azcrg dc grt˖ g `gz˖ gt˖ g a cvlptcmt ¶˖ g gstamai˖ g- Grtlptso c olbcr dagr p˖ g a àm`cgz˖ g/ p˖ g a lmlt ¶lcxc; adgt˖ g

ķ˅mrlzgt g/ azcrg lmtr˖ g ķ˅m dlgoan `s grtlptso/ ¶pl/ dg`˖ g grtlptso c igrc/ ul`tarlg gzgrt ¶lmc azcrcl-

&Gmgtao Ulcrs,

@grc g eapt trgpgtsrg `cg igl pzc`l`g g zcrpamgoltgt¶ll tgtgosl ics1 L˅il zsmķ˅mtrcbgrcg gdcpcg Zc igpsrg `c trc`c tlizso ig àmulmn `g tgtgo ics g eapt zagtc

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ķmtrcbgrcg gdcpcg- Zc igpsrg `c trc`c tlizso/ ig àmulmn `g tgtgo ics g eapt zagtc

57- Tcvt zsbol`gt ķ˅m’

Og Masucooc Rcusc Ergm¶glpc‟/ dlm lgmsgrlc 2::7- Trgds`crc dc Nlmg @azg`l-Ucrplsmcg raig˅mcgp`g ‐ rculxsltg ‐ cptc rczradspg gl`l dszg cdlt¶lg8 Gmgtao Ulcrs Ardlmcg ķ˅mTsrmso Bgbco/ fgpcecr/ Bs`src¶ptl 2::7/ ķ˅mnrlhltg dc Mlmg Ulcrs-

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plmnsrso ai egrg n˅ķmdsrl gp`smpc zc `grc o)gi `smap`st- Pc ug dgtargt gptg egz)tsosl `g ms àm`czcg pg pc àbagrc z˅ķmg og coc1 Pgs egztsosl `g/ ķ˅m `lsdg os`ldltgt¶ll/

¶pl)g zgptrgt tagtg ulgt¶g a gmsiltg mglultgtc1 Crg mglu ķ˅m ecoso osl/ `g ¶pl ergtcoc pgs/dcazatrlug dc lm`gzgblol dc `co igl cocicmtgr `go`so ķ˅m ulgt¶g-

Pg `go`socxc/ pg)¶pl eg`g rcogt¶ll/ pg pc t¶lmg ķ˅m zrcghig `coar lmflscmt¶l/ crg zcmtrs codc mcàm`czst- L p)gr zgrst a olzpg dc t¶lmstg- P¶l/ `s tagtc `g ¶ptlg `g olzpg dc t¶lmstgpc ķ˅mt˅ķomc¶ptc dcptso dc dcp/ ķ˅l trcbslg tliz `g p)a rcigr`c/ `flgr gtsm`l `˅ķmd a ucdcg ķ˅m zrcghig osl- Dcpcarl oc gtrlbslg ¶pl `coarogot¶l t¶lmstg pg/ dc¶pl `˅ķtcadgtg crg culdcmt `g

smarg oc olzpcg `s dcpguķ˅r¶plrc- Ldcgolxķ˅mds)l gpteco zc isot¶l dlmtrc pcicmll ¶pl igl `spcgig dlmtrc àocnll osl/ rcs¶pcg icrcs pg c sotliso `grc pg oc abpcruc dcec`tcoc-

Ms c `gxso pg cua` gl`l ngecoc/ smcarl fgxoll/ og `grc/ dc¶pl crg sm ai `s tg`t/ ķ˅oķ˅izlmncg g`cgptg

’ptrgtcnlc‟- Zgr`g ugd ķ˅m`g/ ķ˅mtr)a ķ˅izrchsrgrc ķ˅m `grc ķ˅¶pl cvzrlig

plm`crg àizgplsmc smsl gil` ecrl`lt `g taìgl p`gzgpc dc mcugptg/ cvzrcplloc ect¶coaroar- - - @aizgplsmcg crg/ a ¶ptlg tagtg osicg/ dc zrlpap egt¶g dc sm ai bs`srap `g/ dszgsm aào zc og `liltlr/ ķ˅¶pl ug zstcg rceg`c ulgt¶g- L˅mpg tgtgo ics pc `rcdcg igrtarso smcl

dcpzgrt¶lrl dsrcragpc/ lmd/ blmc˅ķmt¶cocp/ plmnsrso `grc pg pc igmlecptc gt˅ķt dc mczatrlult;guspcpc nrlhg pg ms gsdg ml`ladgtg dc lmdcoltgt¶loc g`cosl `szos; ¶pl/ dc egzt/ `rcd `g cozrlucg gdsotcrso `g zc a cucmtsgoltgtc zsr tcarctl`g-

&M)gi zstst pg ms ig n˅ķmdcp` og tgtg ¶pl og sm`flso ics `˅ķmd gi `gxst zcptc g`cptzgpgh dlm P~let8

’[GYucgs sm a`fl ķ˅mtarp pzrc lmtcrlar/ zc `˅ķmd `cogogot oc crg vgt

og Xcmlt Pc zgrc `g ilmtcg g`cptar lmtc c gt˅ķt dc gbparbltg dc lmtcmpc pzc`sogtll

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og Xcmlt- Pc zgrc `g ilmtcg g`cptar lmt¶c c gtķt dc gbparbltg dc lmtcmpc pzc`sogt¶ll/ķ˅m`ķ˅t psmt lm`gzgbloc pg zagrtc pgs pg srigrcgp`g a àmucrpgt¶lc/ dg`g ms ol pc t¶lmc

trcgxg gtcmt¶lg zrlm gtlmncrcg arngmsosl uarblrll pgs/ dszg `gx/ go gsxsosl; dc g`ccg/`cl `grc ¶pl)a zat zcriltc gs zrlmtrc pcrultarll oar smso gmsic icmlt p)a eg`g ¶pl ms pc

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olzpcp` ml`ladgtg dc àizgmlg osl- Raoso g`cptsl pcrultar cptc `g/ gtsm`l `˅ķmd dasg pgsigl isotc zcrpagmc pc ķ˅mt˅ķomcp`/ pg dcg a s¶pagrg oaultsrg zcptc nsrg `cosl `grslg l pc

dg `su˅ķmtso ¶pl a gotg zcptc src`fcg drcgztg g `cosl pgs `coar `grc)o gp`sotg- Co grc/dc gpcicml/ ķ˅mpgr`lmgrcg dc g)¶pl pszrgucnfcg ptgz˅ķmso zc zgr`srpso dczogpgrloar ¶pl/ ogmcualc/ dc g)l gtlmnc a`fll/ `g`l gotilmtcrl/ gbparblt `si cptc tatdcgsmg dc zrazrlloc)ln˅ķmdsrl/ ķ˅m iad ugdlt o)gr z˅ķmdl rlp`so pg `gdg ķ˅m zrlig zrgzgptlc `c l p)gr lul ķ˅m `goc-‟@˅ķmd lc¶pcgi `s tgtg ķ˅m osic/ crgi icrcs ķ˅m pltsgt¶lg dc g mc aecrl smso gotslg a`llocpcrultarsosl pszrgucnfctar- Gi ia¶ptcmlt dc og co g`ccg¶pl tcmdlmt¶g pzrc sm àmtg`tdlpàmtlmss ¶pl lmdsoncmt `s rcgoltgtcg/ gtrlbsltg ķ˅mdcab¶ptc ptrst¶loar; `˅ķmd srigrcp` sm

psblc`t/ pg xl`ci `g gr uarbg dc sm got ptrst¶/ dg`g zc zgr`srp g`cptg ķ˅¶pl uķ˅rg brsp``gzso ķ˅m mlplz/ àmptgt/ zolm dc `lsdg/ `g lgr il)g p`gzgt/ `g dlm mas l)gi zlcrdstsrig-,

M)gi ugxst ml`ladgtg `flzso osl zsrt˅ķmd pcimcoc lizaplblo dc gp`smp goc lmuldlclpgs ncoaxlcl- &

’Zrlctcmlg zolm˖ g dc tgmdrct ¶c dlmtrc Fgpklo ¶pl Olzgttl8 gdilrgt ¶lc rc`lzra`˖ g/

pgo˖ g ķ˅m egt ¶g grtcl `coslogot/ darlmt ¶˖ g dc rc`lzra`˖ g pspt ¶lmcrc- Cptc pgog ¶pl zrlctcmlg `coar

`s gdcu˖ grgt zstcrml`l/ ķ˅m`˖ gr`gt ¶l dc tgocmt/ `c ms gs g pc tcic `˖ g olzpg oar zcrpamgo˖ g dc tgocmt ug dlptrsp˖ g dc olzpg dc tgocmt g uc`lmsosl‟ ‐ p`rlg tgtgo ics ķ˅mtr)sm cpcs-,

G ms `smap`st lmuldlg ¶pl rgm`flsmg/ g ms trcbslt pg oc ķ˅mulmng/ c `rcd igl isotsm fgr dc`˅ķt sm icrlt- Dcec`tcoc pgs pcmtlicmtcoc `grc dcmcp` sm ai dczlmd ķ˅m igrcigpsrg dc nrligpcoc `grc gnltgpcrg nsrloc `coar dlm zrcghig zc `˅ķmd crg àzlo- Pc zgrc`g erl`g dc ¶pagrc`l pc ķ˅mugt¶g dc il` zrlulmd `flzsrloc ķ˅mpzgliķ˅mtgtc goc `coar dlm hsr-

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¶ ¶ z z z h

L˅il gilmtcp` zcrec`t ersmtcg ¶pl bsxcoc osl `rlpzgtc gtsm`l `ķ˅md crg gzogsdgt- Rgrcarl

il)g eapt dgt pg ugd sm ai gt˅ķt dc pt˅ķmhcmlt- @flzso pgs cvzrlig `˅ķt dc zrazrlc ķ˅l crgergxg

’b˅ķtl lxucptmķ˅i mc zrlol`lma‟-

’@c lmdc`cmt c pg gl ps``cp'‟ L˅m iad ulxlblo ķ˅l

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crg gzragzc rs¶plmc- Eg`cg a nrligpg `grc og r˅ķmdso cl zraua`g pt˅ķmhcmcgog `flgr ¶pl ķ˅mBs`src¶ptll gmloar “>:/ urcic `ķ˅md ķ˅m`g pc igl àmpldcrg `g egog ¶pl ps`lcmt¶g ķ˅m egt¶g smsl

zsbol` xnaiatap ms ķ˅¶pl gs oa`so zrlmtrc agicmll dc bsm)plit¶-

Ms plit¶cg mcualg dc g)l il`¶parg zc agicml- Dlizatrlug/ dszg `si gi igl pzsp)a/crg zolm dc lmdsoncmt¶g/ dc¶pl/ dc egzt/ zrcecrg pg m)glbg a`gxlg pg ¶pl)a igmlecptc- Ms)lzog`cg pg àicmtcxc dcec`tcoc gotarg- L˅m `co igl rgs `gx/ zstcg cvzcdlg a dlp`st¶lc dcpzrc`lmcug zrlmtr)sm ps``lmt

’ms)l ncmso ics‟- Dg`g tats¶pl/ ķ˅màot¶lt dc culdcmt¶c/ ķ˅¶pl cvzrlig

azlmlloc mcngtluc ‐ crg dczgrtc dc g olzplt dc pzlrlt `rltl` ‐ a eg`cg `s mczog`crc- Ms)¶pl

`rltl`g ml`ladgtg zrlctcmll ķ˅m zsbol`/ dc goteco ml`l ķ˅mtrc zgtrs a`fl- Adgtg ķ˅mpg/ zc `˅ķmdmc zolibgi giķ˅mdal ķ˅mtr)a zgdsrc/ dczgrtc dc src`floc lmdlp`rctc/ ¶pl)g zcrilp ‐ sml`grcxcrug ķ˅m ilhoa`so smsl coanls ‐ pg eg`g dcpzrc smso dlmtrc àmergt¶ll dc `grc taìgl pcdcpzgrt¶lpc/ g`cgptg rcigr`g8

’Plmnsrg trgpgtsrg `grc)il zog`c igl zst¶lm og co cptc g`cpt

rgbaoczlc zcrcd spzcfai ‟ ‐ abcdlcmt¶g nrgbltg/ gtltsdlmc psbgotcrmg egt¶g dc ps``cp/ egt¶gdc zrcptlnls- &Uarbcgi `g ķ˅mtatdcgsmg raig˅mc¶ptc/ olibg ķ˅m `grc ķ˅mpg ms)¶pl lmtcrxl`cgpg eaoapcgp`g smcarl cvzrcpll dlm rspg-,

L˅il gilmtcp` dc ecoso ķ˅m `grc pc t¶lmcg dcazgrtc- M)gr ocngt ml`ladgtg zrlctcmlc `ssm ilmlptrs/ `s agicml lmflscmt¶l pgs `s a zcrpagmg

’`s trc`crc‟- Crg rcxcrugt ¶pl egt¶g

dc `cl `grc gs lmptlm`tso plnsr dc g pc zsmc tatdcgsmg blmc `s rczrcxcmtgmt¶ll tstsrarrcnlisrloar `grc ulm ¶pl trc`- L˅il ķ˅m`flzsl `s `c zog`crc rcogtgpc/ ķ˅mtr)sm cpcs ‐ p`rlp ķ˅mtr)azcrlagdg dc u˅ķre g `sotsosl osl @cgs¶pcp`s ‐ gtltsdlmcg zc `grc a guspcpc Pkrlgblm egt¶g dcZstcrc8

’gnflatgmtso t ¶grsosl o)g lmultgt ķ˅m msicoc g`cptslg zc Pkrlgblm og Zgogt zcmtrs

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’n ¶ z z

g `˅ķmtg smsl gsdltarls `grc ķ˅o gdilrg; `s a dcp˖ gu˅ķr¶plt g `srtagxlc/ Pkrlgblm isot ¶silmd

zcmtrs zrct ¶slrc/ o)g lmultgt zc ķ˅mgotso gdilrgtar ķ˅m pgog dc àm crt/ gàoa smdc a`lgx˖ g co grtg pg- [---Y Olmns¶plrcg zstcrll ¶pl g ban gt ¶lcl dc `˖ gtrc smll grtl¶ptl ķ˅o pàtcg dlm p˖ grltc-

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Dcpzrc ic`cmgt/ pzsmcg `˖ g ms c dc`˅ķt ķ˅izolmlrcg smcl dgtarll-‟

Gucg aragrc p˖ g `cgr˖ g/ pg paol`ltc- Adgtg/ `˅ķmd gi urst pg abt¶lm `cug zcmtrs co/ il)glmtcrxlp pg eg` `co igl il` ncpt/ dc tcgig zrabgblo pg ms pc `rcgdg `siug `g paol`ltgrcgzarmcg dc og co- Gi pzsp `g tgtcl ķ˅l rczsnmg arl`c `go`so/ arl`c ncpt ķ˅megztslt dlm lmtcrcp8

’tc pcrucp`/ ig pcruc¶ptl‟- @s gt˅ķt igl zst¶lm crg `gzgblo pg hsdc`c ķ˅m tcricml bgmc¶ptl;

ķ˅il dgdcg lizrcplg `g c sm psblc`t gzragzc tgbs-

L˅mtr)a t¶grg ķ˅m `grc pc trglg/ ¶pl pc trglc¶ptc ķ˅m`g/ og arg plcptcl/ g ism`ll zc gzs`gtc/ķ˅m gpgot/ g zralc`tcoar ogpgtc bgotg/ ķ˅mtr)a t¶grg ķ˅m `grc tatso c igl isot pgs igl zst¶lmeg`sotgtlu/ m)g¶p gust mcualc ml`l ig`gr dc dcnctcoc smcl plmnsrc iķ˅lml zcmtrs g)l msigrg zc `cl zcmtrs `grc olbcrtgtc ¶pl àmptr˅ķmncrc lmtcrlagrg psmt smso ¶pl g`cog¶plos`rs-

Crg smso dlm `cl dal oa`sltarl gl Raig˅mlcl `smap`st¶l dc ilmc urcadgtg/ `grc os`rgs053 dc xloc zc gm- Ms zgrgpcg Bs`src¶ptll dc`˅ķt rgrcarl/ zcmtrs g pc bs`srg dc olml¶ptcgighcptsagpg g ismt¶loar dc `grc gucg mcualc zcmtrs g àizsmc-

Rcķ˅mt˅ķomlt dszg gml dc gbpcmt¶g/ sm zrlctcm dlm tlmcrct¶c ķ˅o ķ˅mtrcbg slilt8 ’@si1'm)gl ig¶plmg'1 Gdl`g ts ms àmds`l1 Zgl c smg dlm igrloc zog`crl goc ulct¶ll'‟- Og `grctgtgo ics rldl`g dlm sicrl/ dc zgr`g mat¶lsmcg dc zo˖ g`crc g ulct ¶ll l)gr eapt `s tatsoptrglmg- L˅m rcgoltgtc `sizgrgpc zc og ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “>: a ig¶plmg gzgrcmt cocngmtg/ argbog dc egzt/ zc `grc l)a zogpgpc sm cp`ra` smdcug o˅ķmng Damgscp`flmncm- A gdspc ogBs`src¶ptl/ zogtl a tgvg ugigog cvarbltgmtg/ zlcrds `˅ķtcug osml `g pg ķ˅muct¶c ¶pl pg abt¶lmg

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¶ / z / z ¶ ¶ ¶zcrilpso dc àmds`crc/ pc g¶pcxg og uaogm &zc p`gsmso dlm pzgtc/ trcisrgi dc erl` g/

ķ˅mtr)gt˅ķt crg ‐ `g dc abl`cl ‐ `sesmdgt ķ˅m n˅ķmdsrl,/ dspc ersiap ig¶plmg og ngrgh/ lgrdszg sm gm dc icrp gpldss zc hap pc dcbgrgpg dc cg-

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Dc¶pl ms crg sm gp`ct/ ms gucg `c eg`c `s ldccg dc’

zog`crl goc ulct¶ll‟/ lmd zrcggbparblt dc isxl`g zc `grc uralg p)a zsmg zc f˅ķrtlc- @s `˅ķt ig n˅ķmdcp` igl isot/ `s

gt˅ķt psmt igl àmulmp `g dc gl`l l pc trgncg/ ķ˅m zgrtc/ ¶pl mglultgtcg/ trgpgtsrg `grc ķ˅mcza`g magptrg g dcucmlt sm eco dc zradsp zraflblt/ sm grtlào dc àmtrgbgmd g- @ķ˅mdos`rcxl dlm xarl z˅ķmg)m magztc/ trcxc¶ptl ķ˅m tlmc t¶grgmso/ `grc/ psb hsnso ism`ll/ ms grcrgngxso pg)¶pl lmucmtcxc ‐ `g mal/ `ltgdlmll ‐ a igp`g8 lizcrgtlucoc osl ķ˅l zcrilt pg pcdlpzcmpcxc ‐ t¶lm˅ķmds)l oa` ‐ dc gec`tgrloc magptrc-

Zc og peķ˅r¶pltso gmloar “5:/ ķ˅m`czstso gmloar “>:/ `˅ķt¶lug igrl grtl¶ptl raig˅ml p)gs bs`srgt

dc gtcmt¶lg A``ldcmtsosl &tgtgosl ics l p)g gtrlbslt gtsm`l a àigmdg Pcrnc Kasppcult)xk|/ g eapt/ zrlmtrc gotcoc/ lmultgt og ecptlugoso dc og Damgscp`flmncm/ og `co dc og Ra|gm/gzal lmultgt `s a bsrpg dc `rcgt¶lc zc sm gm ķ˅m Bcrolmso dc Ucpt,- G`cgptg zcrlagdg gàlm`lp ‐ lramlc ‐ `s uang Raig˅mlcl ķ˅m Ucpt/ nrgt¶lc smsl zcrpamgh gotilmtcrl dctcptgtgàoa- G eapt dc g hsmp `g @cgs¶pcp`s pg earisocxc a g¶pg)xlpg zaoltl`g dc lmdczcmdcmt¶gegt¶g dc SRPP/ zcmtrs `g/ dlmtr)a dgtg/ `sotsrg raig˅mg pg dculmg ķ˅m a`fll A``ldcmtsosllmtcrcpgmt˖ g- Igl t˅ķrxls/ ķ˅m`cz˅ķmd `s gmll “6:/ egztso dc g trgl ķ˅m Raig˅mlg g dcucmlt igl

zst¶lm zrcptlnlap- - - G¶pg esm`t¶lamcgxg A``ldcmtso-

’Dsz˖ g IÒsfgm/ tcoculxarso g trgmpearigt osicg ķ˅mtrcgn˖ g ķ˅mtr)sm pgt- Got`lmcug

cvzrlig a ldcc gzrazlgt˖ g8 osicg cptc gxl a àoc`t ¶lc dc zcrlecrll- ˅ Lmtr)gdcu˖ gr/ isot ¶l agicml dc `sotsr˖ g gr trcbsl p˖ g zagt˖ g zoc`g og Zgrlp/ Bcrolm/ Raig ¶pl gotc igrl arg¶pc zcmtrs g ucdcg igmlecpt˖ grl dc zraulm`lgolpi- @˖ g`l zraulm`lg cptc ķ˅mglmtc dc tagtc sm pcmtlicmt-

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P˖ g ucmlt/ dc cvcizos/ ķ˅m 7<56 og sm àm crt Daiglmc Ispl`go ; p˖ g u˖ gxst zsbol`so

`˖ gst˅ķmd tci gtar ķ˅m hsr zcmtrs g &&pc arlcmtg ,, `grc zlcp˖ g gr trcbsl p˖ g c gzogsdgt˖ g; dsz˖ g cxlt˖ grl &gdcu˖ grgt˖ g tcmplsmc zplfaoanl`˖ g,/ &&pc d˖ gds drsiso ,, og gzogsxc- Ms tagtc g`coc

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ugoarl `˖ gxsr˖ g zc oa`srl `˅ķ¶ptln gtagrc; a zlcp˖ g icdla`r˖ g e˖ g`s ps``cpso dc p`gmdgo; gotg/igl bsm˖ g/ gus sm ps``cp icrltgt; zlcpg `cg igl lmtcrcpgmt˖ g/ g gicrl`gmsosl Iartam

Ecodigm/ es oault˖ g dc lmcrtg nflagn˖ g g lmdlecrcmt ¶cl-Smdc ¶pl `c cptc zraulm`lg1 Ms cptc agrc zrctstlmdcml1 Zraulm`lg cptc sm pcmtlicmt8

g`cog go mczstlmt ¶cl dc g rc smag¶ptc ugoarl- G cgpt g mczstlmt ¶˖ g pc igmlecpt˖ g c zrlm lmegtsgrc/ c zrlm plit ¶so lmecrlarlt˖ gt ¶ll/ c zrlm g`rcgo˖ g- Zraulm`lg cptc taìgl `˖ gst˖ gtsrg ķ˅m hsr zcmtrs g ucdcg `c c ualc ¶pl `c ms c ualc p˖ g gzogsxl-‟

L˅il gilmtcp` `g tgtg ms zsmcg zrcg igrc zrct¶ zc grtlptso dc bsm)nspt / `grc/ c dlmolzpg dc ķ˅mdrgxmcgog/ c dlmtr)sm àizocv go `sotsrloar ilmarc/ urcg pg c ķ˅m rcnso g / il`

cmarlg¶p `c t¶lmc pg pc àmearicxc dc`rctcoar cilpc dc psp/ dc og Zgrlp/ dc og Mc~ \ark/dc og Dgriptgdt/ K¦aom pgs Bcrolm-

’Dsz˖ g iadcoso osl Cmcp`s/ gi cultgt uaosmtgrlpiso

ptlolptl`; zcmtrs Cmcp`s ptloso cptc aiso &pgs isxl g, gtsm l `˅ķmd pc abpcru˖ g zc plmc-@ccg `c p)g msilt zsrlpi ptlolptl` og sm iaicmt dgt/ ķ˅m sotlicoc dc cmll g eapt aulxlsmc ķ˅m czrsbct˖ g g ptlososl/ a àizartgrc g grtlptsosl &grtcl,/ `s ¶pcruct ¶coso `srgt/ocngt og n˅ķt/ `s esr`solt ¶g ķ˅m iķ˅mg pt˅ķmn g ¶pl `s `st ¶ltso ķ˅m iķ˅mg drcgzt g/ tr˖ gnķ˅md `s a`flso og uc`lmso dc ulp)g)ulp- Os`rsrloc ms gs ptgt ml`ladgt˖ g g¶pg ķ˅m grtg igrc- [- - - Y Sm zsrlpt

`g Dcbspp| igl ogp˖ g dlm `ķ˅md ķ˅m `ķ˅md p g trgmpzgr˖ g ķ˅m olnrgm zc Igppcmct pgs smcoc psrpc eaoòarl`c; p˖ g ms igl uarbli dc Bg`f pgs Bcctfaucm--- ‟

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Dc `sr˅ķmd/ gi `ltlt ķ˅m zranrgiso smcl igmlecptgrl `sotsrgoc blanrgloc g dal grtl¶ptlucmlt¶l dlmtr)a t¶grg dlm Cpt- @g tagtg osicg/ `cl dal zraecpgs olbcrtgtcg/ ml`l smso m)g

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pszartgt rcgolpiso pa`lgolpt ¶pl ml`l smslg ms l)g zog`st dl`tgtsrg- Smso dlmtrc cl g rgigp

ķ˅m A``ldcmt/ `cogogot p)g ķ˅mtarp ķ˅m t¶grg osl/ zcmtrs ‐ cvzrcplg c og iadg ‐ ’g àibgtcrgso dlm lmtcrlar‟- L˅m gegrg g`cptcl il`l dlecrcmt¶c/ smgmliltgtc- - - -

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Pc àmesmdg/ `rcd/ zrcg dcp `srghso zaoltl` `s ķ˅mdrgxmcgog dc g n˅ķmdl- Dszg zgrcrcgicg c uarbg dc gtltsdlml dlptlm`tc/ `grc ms pc zrcpszsm smg zc `cgogotg- Ms zst¶lml psmt

`cl dlm t¶grloc dc Cpt `grc ķ˅¶pl gtrlbslc `s drgng lmlig sm igrc `srgh zaoltl`- Zrctcmt¶lc `cķ˅mpg dculmc smcarl lmdl`lso smcl olzpc dc `srgh lmtcoc`tsgo/ dg`g ms `flgr dc zrabltgtc-

P¶l `flgr gtsm l `˅ķmd `srghso zaoltl` go smsl grtlpt cptc rcgo/ og `c bsm pg tc azsldl`tgtsrll/ dg`g tc zolcxl ķ˅m p`flib ldcloar ¶pl cvlncmt¶coar isot¶lill/ dg`g gbdl`l ķ˅m egt¶g`crlmt¶coar zlct¶cl1 @s `c rlicgxg dcmsmt¶grcg tsrzltsdlmloar smsl rcnli/ dg`g ķ˅m oa`so oarg``czt¶l tl`goa¶plloc gotslg/ dg`g rcpzlmnl rcgolpiso pa`lgolpt zcmtrs g gzogsdg rcgolpisoàmpsicrlpt1

Egrg g dcpàmpldcrg `srghso zaoltl` &zrliso pgs @am`crt zcmtrs flgst / `g ¶pl azcrg osllmtltsogtg Zrgxml`so `gol`loar/ l)gs gdsp `cug mczog`crl,/ tgtg ms)l cvgncrg/ psmt ķ˅mòlmgtpg `rcd/ lizartgmt¶g- @ampldcrg `g gdcugrgtso `srgh cptc dc g ms nķ˅mdl `g tagt˖ g osicg /ķ˅izrcsmg `s tsrig/ ¶pl ml`l ķ˅m esm`t ¶lc dc àmtcizargmll tgl-

’Ml`ladgt˖ g ms il)g zo˖ g`st

p˖ g s &&sz)ta)dgtc ,,; gi cultgt isxl`g pcxamlcr˖ g- Gnrccx lmdczcmdcmt ¶g grtlptl`˖ g; a azcr˖ g gstamai˖ g il pc zgrc igl zcrcm˖ g; cg cvlpt˖ g zrlm plmc ¶pl ms `g losptrgrc g smcl tcmdlmt ¶c

agrc`grc-‟Ig nrgbcp` pg gdgsn `g/ dg`g gdcpcg ms nķ˅mdcg og eco `s pcicmll pgl/ m)a eg`cg

dlm zaxg pgs zraua`grc/ ‐ gtltsdlml `grc/ ķ˅m g``czt¶lg osl/ ms crgs dc`˅ķt tat sm iaddc g tc rgzartg og got¶ll/ ¶pl dc`l/ dc g aàol lmògpgbloso zcmtrs g)l ilmligolxg rlp`s)rloc- Zraua`grcg/ zaxg/ zaocil`g/ crgs/ zcmtrs co/ gtltsdlml zrcg s¶par dc `gtgoangt-L˅l zog`cgs giblnsltgtcg/ dcrstg; ķ˅l zog`cg pg dcàm`crtcxc/ pg psrzrlmdg- @ampldcrg

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020

`g ķ˅m grtg `srghso `co igl rgr cptc ms gt˅ķt g`cog dc g pzsmc mcgzgrgt ms &`suķ˅mt zc

`grc ‐ pzrlhlmlmds)pc zc pzlrltso dc ògm ‐ tagtc gugmngrdcoc gs ¶ptlst ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pg)o zramsmt¶c,/ `˅ķt `srghso dc g cvzrlig/ ķ˅m plmnsrgtgtc/ cvg`t `ccg `c gl dc pzsp/ dc

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zrcecrlmt¶g egrg pg)t¶l zcpc dc ctl`fctcoc `c t¶l p)gr zstcg zsmc ¶pl `s gt˅ķt igl zst¶lm dc`coc zspc dchg gotarg- &

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@grg`tcrso &&mcigmlecpt ,, go azcrcl osl Cmcp`s/ mcgmàrgrcg og

a tcfml`˖ g dc àizaxlt ¶lc g urcsmsl `srcmt/ p`rlltsrg nrcs dc tcarctlxgt ‐ ¶pl igl dcnrgb˖ g lmds`tlu˖ g dc`ķ˅t dcds`tlu g ‐/ ķ˅mnrcsmcgx g ķ˅mt ¶cocncrcg isxl`ll osl/ dgr r˖ gpzo˖ gtcp ķ˅mxc`lt ceartso dc gzrazlcrc‟-,

Dszg àmulmncrcg osl zraesmdg/ sm grtlpt m)gr trcbsl pg `rccxc zcmtrs g pcds`c pgsg gdilrgt- Grc pgs ms `cug dc pzsp1 Rctarl`g dculmc gtsm`l pc`smdgrg- - - Ugoagrcgsmcl azcrc/ ugoagrcg smsl grtlpt ‐ crg dlmtrc `cl `c ¶ptls gptg ‐ ms grc tatdcgsmg zrcg

isot dc)g eg`c `s rcs¶pltg pa`lgog/ `s gdilrgt¶lg ¶pl gzogsxcoc pt˅ķrmltc zc oa`-

’˅ Lmdcimso zc `grc Cmcp`s ķ˅o gdrcpg àizaxltarloar8 && t ¶l plm`crl ķ˅m `rcgt ¶lg uagp)

tr˖ g ,, cptc u˖ gxst/ dc abl`cl/ `g lizgplbloltgtc egt ¶˖ g dc lmaugt ¶lc; lmaugt ¶lg trcbslc p˖ g c àmpc`lmt ¶˖ g ¶pl ms pàz- Dgr g`cog¶pl ķ˅mdcim cptc tatadgt˖ g ¶pl lizgplbloltgtc egt ¶˖ g dc g`)`cplbloltgtcg azcrcl dc grt˖ g; l plm cr ¶pl tgocmtgt/ t ¶l ual ķ˅m¶plu g ¶pl/ dg`˖ g guct ¶l `cug dc pzsp/ g``cplbloltgtcg azcrcl ug dc`srnc dlm `goltgtcg cl- @aizaxltarll ms trcbslc p˖ g

eart ¶cxc og`˖ gtcoc g``cplblolt˖ gt ¶ll/ `˖ g`l zrabltgtcg ķ˅m grt˖ g c tatadgt˖ g `gocg ķ˅mt ¶cocz`lsmll ¶pl

g ķ˅mdr gxmcoll‟- Gi ķ˅izgrtg¶plt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg g`cpt zsm`t dc ucdcrc/ ķ˅mglmtc `flgr dc g)lgflg olgt¶lloc- Dcplnsr/ gl sm gcr igl lmtcolncmt `ķ˅md rcogtlulxcxl os`rsrloc/ `˅ķmd gril`g ķ˅m grtg/ `g ķ˅m arl`c daicmls/ gocncrcg `rltcrlloar c grbltrgrg/ `g dczlmdc dc t¶grg/dc `lulolxgt¶lc/ dc cza`g- @rcd tats¶pl `g g zogpg `rltcrlso gstcmtl`ltgt¶ll ķ˅mglmtcg `cosl gog``cplbloltgt¶ll ¶pl go arlnlmgoltgt¶ll/ g)l gàrdg zrlarltgtc egt¶g dc `cocogotc c`flugocgxg msmsigl `s a zaxlt¶lc cptctl`g/ `l rczrcxlmtg tatadgtg ‐ ¶pl igl gocp ‐ a gocncrc iargog- Ms

˖ o o &˅ , e d ˖

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024

`g azcrcoc rcgoicmtc gstcmtl c psmt &˅ķm zrlm`lzls, igl ersiagpc pgs igl gdcugrgtc/

dgr nrlhg zcmtrs gstcmtl`ltgtc il pc zgrc `g zrcpszsmc igl zst¶lm cnatlpi dc`˅ķt nrlhgzcmtrs arlnlmgoltgtc pgs darlmt¶g dc g g``cplblo-

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@rcdcgi `g dlp`crm og co a gmsiltg àmdcp`cmdcmt¶g/ ms pzsm egt¶g dc `cocbrltgt¶lķ˅m ncmcrgo/ `l egt¶g dc g`cocg dlmtrc coc ‐ dc egzt dcptso dc msicragpc ‐ `grc ķ˅¶pl lgs

ps``cpso ķ˅m pcrlap/ `rcd ķ˅m co ¶pl)o àmpldcrg zrabg ¶pl igpsrg zrazrlsosl ncmls- C uarbgdc grtl¶ptll zc `grc ps``cpso ķ˅l pc`gtslc¶ptc/ zc `grc noarlg ķ˅l àmpg`rg ķ˅m `flgr iaicmtso`ķ˅md ‐ ¶pl mlicml m)a ¶ptlc ķ˅m`g ‐ cl ms igl gs mlil` dc pzsp- @si/ pc ķ˅mtrcbg co smcarl/rcs¶pcp` smll pg gdilrc pgs pg lnmarc `cug/ dagr zcmtrs g pc golmlg og azlmlg isot¶lillpgs g lmptltst¶lloar1

’Egztso `˖ g grtg cptc sm daicmls go psblc`tlult˖ gt ¶ll/ go àmatgt ¶lloar

lmdluldsgoc pgs dc nrsz/ eg`c smcarl p˖ g pc sltc `˖ g ugoagrcg `g gtgrc cvlptg ¶pl ķ˅m grt g/`˖ g cvlptcmt ¶g cl cptc ablc`tlug- A azcr˖ g dc grt˖ g cvlpt˖ g zrlm ugoagrc ¶pl cvlptcmt ¶g cl ms

zagtc gbaolt˖ g pgs àmtrgigmdgt˖ g- Ucdci dlm `ķ˅md ķ˅m `ķ˅md grtl¶ptl paol lt˅ķmd ķ˅m iad cvgncrgt coanll og gdrcpg grtcl oar/ `g ¶pl `si coanlso ķ˅m plmc gr zstcg dg ugoagrc azcrcl;coanlso ķ˅mp g ms zagtc eg`c got`cug dc`˅ķt p˖ g rc`smagp`˖ g `ccg `c cvlpt˖ g; `ccg `c ms cvlpt˖ g ms pc zrads`c zrlm dcògrgt ¶ll dc plizgtlc- [ - - - Y Cvlpt˖ g `flgr ¶pl sm eco dc àizcmpgt ¶lc/dc drcztgtc ķ˅m dcptlmso ugoarloar; gstarll cv`cplu o˖ gsdgt ¶l zo˖ gtcp` smcarl ķ˅m zaptcrltgtc;ugoara¶pll lnmargt ¶l ķ˅¶pl lgs rcugm¶pg- - - Sm àizaxltar zrcg `˅ķmtgt/ sm zact zrcg tlz˖ grlt gs mcualc dc og sm tliz p˖ g pc igl adlfmcgp`˖ g; a isxl`˖ g zrcg isot˖ g urcic cultgt˖ g

zagtc lxbs`ml smcarl `s eart ¶˖ g mcg¶ptcztgt g-‟, Dc¶pl `cocbrs ķ˅m t¶grg/ ¶pl bs`srķ˅mds)pc dc agmsiltg matarlctgtc ķ˅m A``ldcmt/ tgtg m)g zstst ml`ladgtg pg)¶pl lg ķ˅m pcrlap `cocbrltgtcg¶pl ml`l ps``cpso- Dczgrtc dc àmearilpic/ `g ¶pl dc `srcmtcoc zc `goc dc g rc`smap`stcpgs dchg a`lgolxgtc/ co pc uralg ‐ zrc`si sm Ispparnpkl/ Lucp/ Hgmgˎck pgs Ugrjcpc ‐sm grtlpt go plmnsrgtgt¶ll-

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023

Ms t¶lm pg)l lmòsd zc àizaxltarl ķ˅m `gtcnarlg dlm `c ķ˅m `c igl rgpzķ˅mdltg ¶pl iglmsicragpg g grtl¶ptloar g¶pg)xl¶pl lmògpgblol- G`cpt `su˅ķmt/ `grc ms zrcg igl ķ˅mpcgimg

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mlil`/ gr icrltg pg c a`ratlt- Zrcecr pg pspt¶lm/ ķ˅mtr)sm pzlrlt dc rcògig igl zst¶lmgnrcplu/ `g Gmgtao Ulcrs ¶pl azcrg osl psmt dagr nrcs dc pltsgt- Smg dlm rgt¶lsmloc zra)

esmdc zc `grc oc lmua` gl`l c `g ķ˅mps¶pl ecososl pgs dc g n˅ķmdl ķ˅l rczsnmgs ògpl`grloc8gzgrt¶lmcg àmercrlcl dcptso dc rcptr˅ķmpc g n˅ķmdltarloar `grc pc dlpzcmpcgxg dc ctl`fctc/dc `gtcnarll)pcrtgr / dc tcricml / dc dl`t¶lamgrc pgs ocvlàgmc- P¶l/ `g gtgrc/ ms)l zog`cgml`l pg l pc olzcgp`g ctl`fctc- @lmc gpzlrg og lmògpgblo c dgtar/ ķ˅mglmtc dc arl`c/ pg cultcg)l ògpg zc got¶ll- Paàtcg `g g¶pg c oanl` ¶pl `flgr/ ķ˅mtr)sm eco/ c`fltgblo - &

’Ms trcbslc p˖ g

mc os˖ gi ķ˅mp g dsz˖ g `sulmtc- - - @ccg `c pc d˖ g drczt ptlo c smcarl dagr igmlcr˖ g; gotcarl /&&jg og igmlcrc dc ,, c ķ˅m rcgoltgtc a ķ˅mgot g igmlecptgrc g ptlososl ‟,

Ml`l ilc ms)il zog` ògpl`grloc8 g¶pg)xlpcoc àm`cztc)pcrtgr ghsmn pg `gzctc ķ˅milmt¶loc agicmloar sm eco dc cvlptcmt¶g gstamaig/ `grc ms igl grc mlil` dc)g eg`c `sàizocvltgtcg rcgoltgt¶ll ¶pl ml`l `s `cg g grtcl- P¶l tats¶pl/ ms zat pg ms àmptgt `g ltlmc)rgrlso ucrpgtlo go smar Zl`gppa pgs Ptrgulmpk| c tat `c zagtc igl azsp ltlmcrgrlsoslicdltgtlu / `flgr abpcplamgo / go smsl Nlgàicttl pgs go smsl ^cbcrm- Dcpzrc sotlilldal ¶pl dcpzrc tat¶l `cl `grc ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g oc pcgigmg/ psmtci ķ˅mdrcztgt¶lt¶l pg mc

ķ˅mtrcbgi8 psmt cl gbparblt¶l dc a ldcc pgs/ ķ˅mglmtc dc arl`c/ abpcdgt¶l dc rcgolxgrcg cl1

’---dgr/ ķ˅m grt g/ cpcmt ¶lgo c ncmcrgoso/ pgs zgrtl`sogrso1- - -‟

Ergmk Farugt/ `grslg l)gi cvzsp zrabocig/ il)g eg`st srigtagrcg rcigr`g8’

usongruarblmd/ cvlptg bgrbgt¶l `grc zat trgl tagtg ulgt¶g `s g`ccg¶pl eciclc ¶pl cvlptg got¶ll/ `grc mszat‟- @flgr zspg

’usongr‟/ zrabocig c `cug igl àizol`gtg dc`˅ķt zgrc- - - Zrlmtrc `cl

t ot l l ˖ e l ll ˖d l t l l ot

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025

`grc ms pc zat isot¶sil `s a plmnsrg eciclc/ smll ugd ulgt¶g `g zc sm ¶plr igl isot pgs

igl zst¶lm osmn dc iamangill; zcmtrs got¶ll/ ulgt¶g c a àmtlmsg zaolngilc- Igl cvlptg¶pl `cl zcmtrs `grc pltsgt¶lloc dc iamangilc ¶pl zaolngilc gotcrmcgxg-

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Zc dc gotg zgrtc/ cvlptg ¶pl `gxso grtlptsosl cuaostlu 8 Pkrlgblm/ Bcctfaucm/ P`f¦ambcrn/Iamdrlgm/ Brg˅m`s¶pl- - -

Gmsiltc cuaost¶ll pc eg` zrlm p`flibgrl/ gotcoc zrlm ķ˅ibangt¶lrl/ zrlm gdgsnlrl dcptrgtsrl ps``cpluc `grc ms oc gmsocgxg zc `coc dlmglmtc-

’@rcgt ¶lg osl Cmcp`s m)g zra`cdgt

zrlm czsrgrc ¶pl plizol`grc/ ķ˅m ecoso smar Ptrgulmpkl/ Bgrt´ ak/ ^cbcrm; cg g cuaosgt zrlm ocmtc trgmpeari˖ grl ¶pl dc`gmt grl8 ptrgtsrloc mal ms gs cvòsp zc `coc zrc`cdcmtc/ `l p)gs gd˖ gsngt/ p)gs gicptc`gt ¶pl gzal p)gs zsrl`gt/ rct ¶lm˅ķmd isotc cocicmtc &&uc`fl ,,- Lgt˖ g dc `c Cmcp`s cptc smso dlm `cl igl àizoc ¶pl/ igl rgmgt ¶l/ igl pc`rct ¶l àizaxltarl ķ˅m

isxl`g csrazcgm˖ g mas˖ g; gp`sot˖ gtarso osl Cmcp`s/ zcmtrs g pc bs`srg dczolm dc isxl`g osl/ trcbslc p˖ g ķ˅mt ¶cocgn˖ g ¶pl p g plit˖ g tagtc g`cptc ptrgtsrl `grc àcvlpt˖ g ķ˅m isxl`g osl-Bgrt´ ak/ ^cbcrm/ Ugrjcpc g¶pgx g a zagrt˖ g ķ˅m egt ¶g gp`sot˖ gtarsosl mcgulxgt; a dgt˖ g trc`st˖ g g`cgpt˖ g zagrt˖ g/ tatso dculmc ògr ¶pl g``cplblo- Og Cmcp`s ms c g¶pg8 adgt˖ g lmtrgt zc g`cgpt˖ g zagrt˖ g/ Cmcp`s ķ˅t ¶l zsmc ķ˅m egt ¶˖ g mal ¶pl mal zart ¶l-‟

Il pc zgrc `g ķ˅m g`cpt zgpgh ‐ zc `grc)o `ltcp` zcmtrs zrlig agrg g`si/ `˅ķmd msigl zat zsmc ķ˅mtrcbgrl ‐ pc ķ˅mtrcucdc bs`srlg pc`rctg g smsl grtlpt `grc)o gdilrg zcsm gotso egrg g zc dczolm àm¶ptlcmt `g `ccg `c pzsmc dcpzrc g`cptg dlm srig ķ˅o zagtczrlul ¶pl zc co-

Os`rgrloc osl ms)il gilmtcp` `s gdcugrgt ml`l dc Cmcp`s/ ml`l dc Ugrjcpc pgs Lucp-Dgr/ zrabgblo/ ms c egop dg`g gri `g g`c¶ptlg rczrcxcmtgs zcmtrs co sm eco dc iadcocgbptrg`tc- &

’Cvlpt˖ g ķ˅mp g a àmtlmsltgtc ķ˅m zrca sz˖ grl; g`cgptg il pc zgrc igl dc darlt/

igl ulc dc`˅ķt sm plptci `spst `s gtg gobg [ Y Lmdlecrcmt g og plptci c aignlso gdsp

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igl ulc dc ķt sm plptci `spst `s gt ¶ g gob g - [- - - Y- Lmdlecrcmt ¶g og plptci c aignlso gdsp

dlucrplt˖ gt ¶ll rcgososl; ķ˅il c drgn˖ g a smltgtc tr˖ glt˖ g ¶pl ms smg urst˖ g/ lizsp˖ g &&dlm gegr˖ g ,,dc ķ˅mps¶pl gstarso-‟,

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Dc goteco/ `c ķ˅mpcgimg sm iadco gbptrg`t1 G 26)g ugrlgt ¶lsmc Naodbcrn gilmtc¶ptc ‐igl gocp dgtarltg trlosrloar ‐ dc hsblogt¶lg `cocptg g mgososl Pamgtcl azsp 777 dc Bcc)

tfaucm/ `grclg l)gr zstst pcrul drczt ’iadco‟- Zrcosdlso az- 43 dc @fazlm gilmtc¶ptcdc gnmcr gt˅ķt zrlm smcoc trgpgtsrl goc p`rlltsrll/ `˅ķt ¶pl zrlm pcmtlicmtso/ dcptso dc rgr/go pzocmdarll iart¶ll- Eg`ķ˅md adgtg g`cptc rcigr`l ķ˅m egt¶g smsl zrlctcm/ il)gi gtrgpsrigtagrcg rczol`g8

’trlosrloc dlm azsp 777 t¶lm dc gtiapecrg/ dc dcmpltgtcg ķ˅m `grc pc

p`godg icoadlg ¶pl tat rcptso; zc `˅ķmd trlosrloc dlm Naodbcrn t¶lm dc ptrs`tsrg8 c`grcdlm `coc 0: dc ugrlgt¶lsml rclg ¶pl dcxuaotg sm gmsilt cocicmt àmt¶lmst ķ˅m tcig- P¶l zrlmg`cgptg ‐ ķ˅m zogm gbptrg`t/ zraesmd/ ptrs`tsrgo ‐ Bg`f pcgigmg `s Pta`kfgspcm ¶pl ms

`s Bcctfaucm- Ml`l gmgoanlg ķ˅mtrc @fazlm ¶pl gnmcr ms c igl zcrtlmcmtg8 ocltiatluc ‐ķ˅m ptgrc cibrlamgrg ‐ pc ngpcp` igl `srķ˅md og P`fsbcrt dc`ķ˅t og @fazlm-‟

P¶l tats¶pl/ `c cptc ptrs`tsrgo ¶pl `c cptc g``cparls1 @c cptc zraesmd ķ˅mtr)a azcrg ¶pl `crgiķ˅mc og pszrgegt ¶˖ g1

Pg ķ˅izrsist sm cvcizos dlm zl`tsrg8 sm tgboas ltgolgm dlm pcàoso VU cptc/ `co iglgdcpcg/ ptrs`tsrgt dc sm cocicmt earigo zrc`lp8 ocnloc zcrpzc`tlucl- @ccg `c ms)l ugogblo

¶pl zcmtrs igharltgtcg tgboasrloar flgigmdc dlm cza`g/ pszspc ¶pl coc g`coarg¶pl ocnl/ dgr/ķ˅m ncmcrgo/ ptrs`tsrgtc/ ms gt˅ķt dc zcrpzc`tlug/ `˅ķt dc osilmg &cocicmt/ dc gotilmtcrl/dczgrtc dc g gbpcmt og ltgolcml/ `flgr dg`g gàoa hag`g sm rao pc`smdgr,- Dlm zsm`tdc ucdcrc earigo/ zl`tsrg ltgolgmg ‐ pc pzsmc/ ¶pl psmt dc gàrd ‐ c igl àcrcmtg/ iglgrfltc`tsrgog/ igl gonarltil`g/ igl dcds`tlug8 pzrc dcapcblrc dc zl`tsrg flgigmdg/ `grcc igl `sr˅ķmd lmds`tlug/ ķ˅m `cg ltgolgmg dctgolloc dc`srn dlm gmpgibos- Gpteco/ `ccg `czcmtrs smll c a mgoltgtc zcmtrs gotll àmptltslc dagr sm zsm`t dc zoc`grc pgs sm drsi

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zcmtrs smll c a mgoltgtc/ zcmtrs got¶ll àmptltslc dagr sm zsm`t dc zoc`grc pgs sm drsi/

sm aào- P¶l/ dlm àmtrg/ `ccg `c smll àmpldcrg zcrlecrl` ¶pl czldcril`/ c zcmtrs got¶ll ķ˅mps¶plilcxso/ lmlig- Trlosrloc dlm azspso 777 ms t¶lm/ `g og Bg`f/ dc ptrs`tsrg/ dc ncaictrlc1

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Elc/ pg gdiltci `g t¶lm dc `soagrc/ dc dcmpltgtc/ dc osilmg- Msigl `g/ og Bcctfaucm ‐igl gocp ķ˅m tcicoc `s ugrlgt¶lsml ¶pl ķ˅m Bgngtcococ dlm sotlig zcrlagdg ‐ osilmg/ `soagrcg

¶pl dcmpltgtcg dculm/ `g og Ugm C|`k pgs Ucriccr/ zrlm`lzll ptrs`tsrgmtc-@acrcmt¶g earigog ‐ psmt/ ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g og eco dc àmulmp `g ¶pl tgtgo ics ‐

zagtc dc zraesmxlic pgs/ dlizatrlug/ dc pszrgegt¶g/ rcgog pgs eg`tl`c-’

P)gs e˖ g`st gt˅ķtcg isxl`l `s msicrc zrlic/ pcrll bamg`lcmc ¶p-g-; ķ˅m zst ¶lmc dlm coc msicrcoc gs

eapt gsxltc; ķ˅m `coc igl isotc msicrcoc gs ghstgt dagr og àcrcmt ¶g dc pszrgegt ¶˖ g/ mcrc)ocugmt˖ g-‟

Ms gi zrctcmt¶lg `g g¶p uarbl `s tatgog ablc`tlultgtc dcpzrc tgtgo ics- Ms gi lmtcmt¶lg

pg ig cvtgxlcx zsbol` ķ˅m egt¶g isxl`ll osl- C pgr`lmg zaptcrltgt¶ll pg)l àmpldcrc icrltcoc ¶ploa`so `c l pc `sulmc ķ˅m isxl`g pcàososl VV ¶pl zagtc ķ˅m `cg g pcàososl VVL/ pg)l ptsdlcxczrlm`lzlloc cptctl`c/ àm`cztcoc ¶pl tcfml`loc dc àizaxlt¶lc/ dcptso dc `szrlmxgtagrc ¶plbangtc/ dgr/ ķ˅m cpcmt¶g oar/ ms gt˅ķt dc msicragpc zc `˅ķt gr ogpg lizrcplg gzgrcmtgdlucrpltgtc g azcrcl pgoc- @si gr zstcg `grg`tcrlxgt drsiso zgr`srp dc `rcgt¶lg osl1@g go smsl

’ucrpgtlo ‟/ go smsl

’cuaostlu ‟/ go smsl

’icdltgtlu ‟ pgs go smsl

’abpcplamgo ‟1

L˅m `gxso osl/ ms cvlptg sm rgpzsmp smlua`8 c`grc mluco dc oc`tsrg/ dc gp`sotgrc ¶pl dc

ķ˅mt¶cocncrc lizsmc sm got gdhc`tlu- @s tagtc dcapcblrloc culdcmtc/ isotc dlm os`rgrlocosl pc gtlmn/ pc ocgng ķ˅m zraesmxlic/ ogp˅ķmd gdcpcg pg trgmpzgrg sm g`cog¶pl zrlm`lzls

go pltcl / a gmsiltg n˅ķmdlrc iadgo g &co g ¶pl dcxuaotgt a tcarlc ncmcrgog g iadsrloar 52,/earig òczpldrcl / pgs dc gpcicml/ a gmsic igmlcrg dc g àmtcizog Isxcso ‐ grtg/

52- Dc¶pl c uarbg dc dasg gvc dlptlm`tc ‐ ķ˅mgot¶licg psmctcoar ¶pl tlizso ‐/ zrlm`lzlso zcrladl`ltgt¶ll pcngpc¶ptc gt˅ķt ķ˅m mat¶lsmcg dc iad / `˅ķt ¶pl ķ˅m tcfml`g pltcl - G`cgptg àmptg ķ˅m zrads`crcg cucmlicmtcoar ‐

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pgs g ògpcoar dc cucmlicmtc ‐ `grc gzgr ¶pl dlpzgr ¶pl rcgzgr àmeari gmsiltar zcrladl`ltgt¶l- G`cptc

zcrladl`ltgt¶l àrcpzsmd msicrcoar zrlic/ daicmls ķ˅m `grc ’zrcdcptlmgrcg‟ ķ˅mtgomc¶ptc igl isot dc`ķ˅tarlsmdc gotsmdcug lizrculxlbloso-

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isxl`g dlm trc`st ‐ `s zrlulrcg àm`rctg g zrcxcmtsosl ¶pl `s `cg gbptrg`tg g ulltarsosl-L˅l rculmc zrabgblo tat zaptcrltgt¶ll pgr`lmg dc g ptgblol raoso osl ķ˅m

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ķ˅mtagr`crcg og

àmpamgmt¶g mctamgog‟ &rao `s tatso dlecrlt dc `co go ilmligol¶ptloar,/ àmtrlbst¶lg pgog lmptgsrgrcg zaptiadcrmlpisosl 50/ lmflscmt¶g ‐ dlrc`tg ¶pl lmdlrc`tg ‐ gpszrg smslP`fmlttkc pgs g smcl Nsbgldsolmg/ lmtcrecrcmt¶coc igl isot pgs igl zst¶lm rc`lzra`c `sPtrac pgs Vcmgklp/ Igrbc pgs Olnctl/ Aogf pgs Ksrtgn-

’Tgrdc ucmlcmtlbsp appg ‐ ms msigl zcmtrs dlrlharl/ `grc gs dc a`szgt sm msi˖ gr

rcptr˅ķmp dc ar`fcptrc/ `l ¶pl ķ˅m osicg àizaxltarloar- Ocncg fgxgrdsosl pc igmlecpt˖ g ¶pl gàoa smdc `goltgtcg gr trcbsl p˖ g grgmhcxc os`rsrloc dc og plmc- - - P`f ¦ ambcrn/ Bcrn/

^cbcrm gs ucmlt zrcg t˅ķrxls og g`cpt apz˖ gt ¶- Ugrjcpc/ og >: dc gml/ igl gus zrlochso dc g gplptg dcim ¶pl aecmpgt/ dgr `s ciat ¶lc/ og rc smag¶ptcrcg pg- Dgr Zcrnaocpl1 Dgr Iaxgrt1 Dgr Blxct1 Dgr P`fsbcrt1 @aizaxltarso c mcualt p˖ g zrlucgp`˖ g ¶pl osicg dc dlmàoa/ p˖ g pc bs`src zcmtrs gtsm`l/ p˖ g)¶pl pàgt g bs`srlloc dlm trsdg zgrtltsrll/ dlm mczstlmt ¶g dc g ms p`rlc-‟

Pc t¶lmcg icrcs og dlptgmt¶g/ rctrgp- P¶l ‐ trgpgtsrg dc `grg`tcr cvtrci dc rgrg

‐ ms uarbcg ml`ladgtg dcpzrc plmc/ ml`l dcpzrc zrazrlloc)l àizaxlt¶ll- Il p)g zgrstķ˅mtatdcgsmg dc a iadcptlc igogdlug/ zagtc iadcptlg igrloar arnaola¶pl- Ms pc isot¶sicgdagr pg dctcptc gzogsxcoc/ ¶pl igl zst¶lm ķ˅m`g pszartg ogsdcoc- P¶l `rcd `g ķ˅mt¶cocn zrcgblmc dc `c8 àizolicmtcoc flgtcgxg ugmltgtcg- - - Arl/ gdcugrgtso arnaolap c cvgpzcrgtdc ldccg `g gr zstcg `rcxst pcmplblo og coc- Elc `g urcg pgs ms/ arnaolapso ‐ pzlrlt zrlmcv`cocmt¶g plmnsrgtl` ‐ ogpg zrlm gtltsdlmcg osl pg pc ķ˅mt¶cocgng8 ¶ptls eagrtc blmc `lmc psmt

50 I˖ ˅ d ˅ o o o Pl e l d & ˖ ˅ 7<>2, d ˅ l d

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50- Ig n˅ķmdcp` ķ˅mtrc gotcoc og g pg Plieamlc g dasg &àizspg ķ˅m 7<>2, smdc/ ķ˅m il¶p`grcg g dasg

gàrdsrloc tamgoc pc ķ˅mogmt¶slc dszg a oanl`g mam)tamgog &g pltcl osl Crgtaptcmc, ¶pl `grc g zraua`gtp`gmdgo ķ˅m iaicmtso zrcxcmtgrll pgoc og Bcrolm-

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¶pl `ķ˅t ugoarcx/ lmdczcmdcmt dc ogsdcoc uagptrc-

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˅ Lm `gxso ics g eapt uarbg dc a got˖ g oanl`˖ g g ķ˅mo gmt ¶slrll àmpamgmt ¶coar- C gdcu˖ grgt

`˖ g gugmngrdg dc gxl rcpzlmnc ldccg ķ˅mo˖ gmt ¶slrll gàrdsrloar àmpamgmtc; abpcplg cl cptc gmtl)mcaògpl`lpiso- Gàrdso àmpamgmt g eapt àaztgt `g zgrtc g rcxamgmt ¶cl mgtsrgoc g psmctsosl [---Y; dgr t ¶l pc rcàigmd˖ g p˖ g r˖ giķ˅l ķ˅m lmtcrlarso g`coslg¶pl psmct/ p g tc zogpcxl zc g`ccg¶pl esmdgicmtgo˖ g pgs cucmtsgo p˖ g a p`flibl/ dgr/ `s `˅ķt igl rgr/ `s gt˅ķt igl blmc ˅ Lmo˖ gmt ¶slrcg dc gàrdsrl ms cptc gnrcgt˖ g- Cs ķ˅mp g il)gi zcrilp g / ķ˅m g`cgpt˖ g zrlulmt ¶˖ g/ ķ˅m srig pgs zagtc ķ˅mglmtcg gugmn˖ grxll; a agrc`grc gmlptarl`ltgtc g àmucmlt ķ˅mtatdcgsmg pzlrltsosl ics-‟ Arnaolso pgs/ ķ˅m `gxso dc egt¶g/ àmptg ms gtķ˅t ķ˅m g pzsmc

’`˅ķtcadgt g icrn ķ˅mglmtcg gugmngrdcl ‟ `˅ķt ķ˅m g pzsmc ’ms i˖ g plit abolngt p˖ g icrn `s cg-‟

Lgtg sm ergnicmt dlmtr)sm cpcs go osl/ `grc/ dc¶pl ms pc rcecrg ķ˅m iad cvzrcp og zra)bocig/ pzsmc isot dcpzrc gtltsdlmcg pg egt¶g dc ķ˅mpg¶pl ldccg dc gugmngrdg &a ctl`fctg',/egt¶g dc cnatlpiso zc `grc)o zrcpszsmc cg smcarl/ egt¶g dc ugmltgtcg zrculxlsmloar cl ¶pl`grc gdcpcg a ¶pl nfldcgxg8

’˅ Lm trc`st / xlsg dc gxl crg sm iaicmt ķ˅m igrcg trc crc; gucg

dc `coc igl isotc arl a iadcptlc- - - Gxl/ xlsg dc gxl urcg isot igl isot; cg ms zrlic¶ptc

¶pl trgmpiltc/ `l pc zralc`tcgx˖ g zc plmc ķ˅m trc`st ¶pl ulltar/ urcg p˖ g zarsm`cgp`˖ g trc`stsosl ¶pl ulltarsosl- - - Zcmtrs `g aiso dc gxl p˖ g dculm˖ g igl iadcpt ķ˅m ugmc zrctcmt ¶ll ¶pl lm)`crtc zrculxlsml/ m)grc dc`˅ķt p˖ g)¶pl gilmtcgp` g dc c¶pc`so isotcoar zrculxlsml dc got˖ gdgt˖ g-Lptarlg ¶pl)g ķ˅mn gdslt ms msigl p˖ g àmtrgxl`˖ g/ `l zsr ¶pl plizos p˖ g aàocgp`˖ g/ p˖ g lnmarc smcoc zrculxlsml; cg g gust gcrso dc g pzsmc8 &&ms msigl `˖ g ms guct ¶l drcztgtc/ dgr ms dcpzrc g`cgptg cptc uarbg ,,-‟

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G¶p urcg pg cua` psblc`tso g dasg dlmtrc azcrcoc tgtgosl ics8 Lamg ¶pl Sotlicoc xloc/sotlicoc arc - L˅m olbrctso azcrcl Lamg / dszg a zlcpg dc tcgtrs g osl Igrlm Parcp`s/ `coc

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trcl zcrpamghc `grc)¶pl uarbcp` psmt smso ¶pl g`cog¶pl Lamg/ ķ˅mnflt¶lt ‐ pgs ķ˅mnflt¶lt¶l ‐ dcbgocmg blbol`g- Olbrctso azcrcl Sotlicoc xloc/ sotlicoc arc zarmc¶ptc dc og Iaxgrt ¶pl

Pgolcrl dc Zs¶pklm ¶pl dc og zlcpg Sotlicoc xloc g osl Bsongkau- Pe˅ķr¶pltso osl Iaxgrt/ g¶pg`si o)g ugxst Zs¶pklm/ pc dcpeg¶pagrg ķ˅m zgrgoco `s pe˅ķr¶pltso osl Zs¶pklm/ g¶pg `si o)gugxst Bsongkau- &@coc dasg g`t¶lsml ‐ Zs¶pklm c ķ˅m g`cog¶pl tliz zcrpamgh ¶pl à)gstargo olbrctsosl ‐ psmt zrcxcmtgtc igl ķ˅mt˅ķl ķ˅m gotcrmgmt¶g/ dgr gzal/ ķ˅m`ctso `s ķ˅m`ctso/ pcàiblmg/ pc àmtazcp`-, Dszg `˅ķt¶lug gml ķ˅m `grc gi eapt b˅ķmtslt dc zrabocig zosrgoltgt¶ll¶pl p`lxlsmll lmdluldsosl/ il)gi dgt pcgig `g tgtg espcpc ¶pl co/ ķ˅m ecoso osl/ paol`ltgt ms iglzst¶lm dc g`ccg¶pl zrabocig8 zrlig dlmtrc g`cptc azcrc zsmc ķ˅m p`cmg a lmt ¶˖ g p`lmdgtg/

`cgogotg ‐ a lptarlc/ a trgncdlc / p`lmdgtc-

Ldcloc psmt/ `rcd/ sm bsm àism- Dg`g psbp`rls og àmt¶lmstso smar ldcl ¶pl ml`l ms)ildlpzog`c earig oar/ ms ugd dc `c g¶p cxltg pg oc zrclgs dc og got¶ll; ķ˅m ml`l sm `gx ms g¶pcxltg pg oc ķ˅izrsist dc og tgtgo ics- &

’Igrloc àmtrlbst ¶ll og lptarlg `sotsrll psmt/ dc a

gmsilt˖ g igmlcr˖ g/ gzragzc sltgtc zcmtrs `˖ g pc n˖ gpcp` zrctstlmdcml; coc pc trgmpeari˖ g ķ˅m pcu g ¶pl agicmll psmt lizrcnmgt ¶l dc g`cgpt˖ g pcu˖ g e˖ gr˖ g p˖ g igl ¶ptlc dc smdc ulmc

cg- ˅ Lmtagr crcg ugoarloar ķ˅m gmamligt/ dlpaost ¶lg oar ķ˅m giblgmt ¶g `sotsrgo˖ g rczrcxlmt˖ g peķ˅r¶pltso smsl l os-‟,

’Cptc zaplblo g rldl`g grtg og mlucoso Mgtsrll `g psrp˖ g dc lmpzlrgt ¶lc1 Tc zat ¶l lm)

pzlrg dlm grt˖ g os˅ķmd)a `g mgtsr˖ g1 Zat ¶l `s gotc `sulmtc g tc lmpzlrg dlm grt˖ g/ aàolmd grtl`lso/ bstgearlg1 &Tgocmtcoc pc dcpàzcr˖ g zc b˖ gm`loc ¶pàoll; mcu˖ gxķ˅md osicg ķ˅m azc)rg dc grt˖ g/ coc gs a`fll ogrn dcp`fl¶pl gpszrg grtl`lsosl; ķ˅m tliz `c @cxgmmc g b˅ķlnslt a ulgt ¶˖ g ķ˅mtrcgn g `˖ gstķ˅md p g zl`tcxc sm i˖ gr/ tgocmtso ardlmgr ķ˅t ¶l lilt˖ g eagrtc s¶par sm

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¶ n z / ¶ e ¶

@cxgmmc `grc/ ķ˅m cpcmt ¶˖ g/ r˖ giķ˅mc ķ˅mp g lmliltgblo,- - - Dcapcblrcg dlmtrc ncmls ¶pl tgocmt ms cptc `gmtltgtlu˖ g/ `l cpcmt ¶lgo˖ g- - - Ncmlso cptc eg`sotgtcg àzlososl dc g slilt/ slilt

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ķ˅m àmtcizogt ¶lc- Ncmlso cptc eg`sotgtcg àzlososl dc g `rcg osicg zrlm dcpàzcrlrcg cl-Ncmlso cptc àpianamlc/ gdl`˖ g àmtg`t `s osicg zrlm `rcgt ¶lc- Dlizatrlu˖ g/ tgocmtso cp)

tc uctspt- [ - - - Y @rcgt ¶lloc grtlptl`c àmptltslc `ccg `c p)gr zstcg msil isxcso aicmlrll-G cpt isxcs cptc `˅ķmd mgtsr˖ g iagrt˖ g/ `ķ˅md `rcgt ¶lc ulc- Co rczrcxlmt˖ g a licmp˖ g eart ¶˖ g zatcmt ¶lgo˖ g/ `grc lmtr˖ g smcarl ķ˅m ptgrc `lmctl`˖ g- - - Agicmll pc cmtsxlgpicgx˖ g dlm `˅ķmd ķ˅m `ķ˅md dc `ccg `c n gpcp` ķ˅m isxcs- Gtsm`l `˅ķmd àmtg`tso oar `s isxcso cptc ķ˅m rcg)oltgtc a eari˖ g g àmtg`tsosl `s Mgtsrg &mam)grtg,/ ncmlso pzarc¶ptc gust ¶lg pzlrltsgo˖ g g aicmlrll- Gotcarl/ ocn˖ gtsrg `s isxcso cptc dagr a igmlecptgrc g tgocmtsosl/ gdl`˖ g msigl sm àmtg`t `s grtg `g grt˖ g; gtsm`l ultgoltgtcg g`cptar &&d“gzrcp ,, cptc isot p`˖ gxst˖ g; dc

isotc arl rcesnlso ķ˅m isxcs cvzrli˖ g taìgl mczstlmt ¶g dc g zrlul arbltagrcg mgtsr˖ g-‟

Ms g¶p zstcg ķ˅m`fclg g`cpt tcvt egrg g cua`g pcmtlicmtso ‐ ugmltgp ugmltgtlp ‐ zc `grco)gi ķ˅izgrtg¶plt `co igl isot `s zgrlmt¶ll icl8

’Pcmtlicmtso dc tliz ķ˅il cptc gpa`lgt

g`coslg dc craxlsmc; ķ˅m &&Pltg osl Crgtaptcmc ,, g`cptg cptc pcmtlicmtso `grc trgmpzgrc dlmàoa dc àrtlmg àicdlcl-‟

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Cua`grl

Zgp`go Bcmtals

OG DCPZGRT¶ LRCG DC SM ZRLCTCM 54

O)gi `smap`st zc Gmgtao Ulcrs cvg`t g`si 3: dc gml- Dcucmlpci ķ˅m 7<46 &g¶pg`si crg ¶pl co/ ķ˅m`g dlmglmtc, smso dlm eagrtc tlmcrll icibrl gl Pa`lctgt¶ll @aizaxltarl)oar Raig˅ml/ dlmtrc `grc ‐ gptgxl ‐ g¶p igl zstcg msil dagr zc Ugocmtlm Nfcarnfls/ zc

Tfcadar Nrlnarls/ zc Ugploc Tlil¶p/ zc Ogsrcmt¶ls Zraectg- P¶l dc¶pl ķ˅m zrlill gml dszg7<3: drsisrloc ml p)gs dcpzgrt¶lt/ o)gi rc˅ķmt˅ķomlt zc Gmgtao Ulcrs ķ˅m “34 ķ˅m Smlsmcg@aizaxltarloar/ lgr dlm iaicmtso g`cog cvlptcmt¶coc magptrc p)gs zsrtgt `siug ķ˅m zg)rgoco/ zgr`srnķ˅md dc ms zst¶lmc arl g`cocg¶pl xamc dc sibrg/ arl dc osilmg- L)gi srigrltg`tlultgt¶loc/ g¶p zstcg pzsmc zgp `s zgp/ tatdcgsmg `s sm lmtcrcp dcapcblt/ dc isotc arlķ˅mpg `s zgplsmc/ gzragzc `s egp`lmgt¶lc- Zcmtrs `g Gmgtao Ulcrs p)g daucdlt eagrtc rczc)dc a zcrpamgoltgtc `s`crltagrc dailmgtg dc isotlzoc pl ugrlgtc zrca`szgrl zapcd˅ķmd a

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dc a zcrpamgoltgtc `s`crltagrc/ dailmgtg dc isotlzoc ¶pl ugrlgtc zrca`szgrl/ zapcdķmd a

54- Tcvt zsbol`gt ķ˅m Gmgtao Ulcrs Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco/ fgpcecr/ Bs`src¶ptl 2::7-

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ilmtc guldg dc `sma¶ptlmt¶c ¶pl dc mas/ sm psflct ncmcrap ¶pl `god/ a egmtcxlc lizrculxlblog-G¶p pzsmc8 a àm¶ptllmt¶g ogrn dcp`flpg gpszrg osill/ dlm `grc g `gstgt igl tatdcgsmg pg

psrzrlmdg ogtsrloc mcg¶ptcztgtc/ mcbgmsltc/ zlnicmt˅ķmds)oc smcarl `s sm siar dlp`rct/dc `cg igl bsmg `goltgtc-

Dl`t¶lamgrcoc ¶pl cm`lòazcdlloc uar gilmtl dc zraecparll pgl dlm tlmcrct¶c/ c `g cl p)gs msilt Zgso @amptgmtlmcp`s/ Ocam Koczzcr arl @amptgmtlm Ploucptrl ‐ og Bs`src¶ptl/c Grgi Fg`cgtsrlgm pgs Rango)Ocultpk| og Iapàug/ ķ˅mpg gi `crtltsdlmcg `g Ulcrsp)g da`sicmtgt tagtg ulgt¶g `s a `srlaxltgtc icrcs g`tlug/ zrcosķ˅md tat `c g àmucmlttcizcrgicmtsosl pgs ¶pl arngmlxķ˅mds)¶pl ķ˅m gdķ˅m`lic iadso pgs zcrpamgo dc g trgtg

igtcrlg isxl`gog-

P)gr `sucml pg uarbcp` zc ogrn dcpzrc àizaxltar/ dcpzrc isxlàoan/ dcpzrc zraecpar/dcpzrc lmtcrzrct; gzal pg cua` aiso ¶pl zrlctcmso- Cptc culdcmt lizaplblo pg zgr`srngigmsmt¶lt tagtc ctgzcoc ķ˅mtr)sm iaicmt `g g`cptg/ gpteco ķ˅m`˅ķt ual ķ˅m`cr`g dagr pgpsbolmlcx `˅ķtcug gpzc`tc ergzgmtc-

@aizaxltarso / dc cv`czt¶lamgog ugoagrc/ p)g losptrgt ¶pl zrlmtr)a g`tlultgtc lc¶pltg dlm

àism- @lr`g 5: dc os`rgrl dc gmucrnsrg &egrg g igl paàtl msicragpcoc isxl`l dcoi, go`gtslcp` sm `gtgoan lizrcplamgmt/ ķ˅m `grc pc gflg rczrcxcmtgtc ‐ zrg`tl` ‐ tagtcncmsrloc- P¶gpc plieamll/ azt wsgrtctc dc àgrdc/ zgtrs zgrtltsrl dc azcrg &˅ķmtrc `grcLamg / Zrķ˅mxso `gol`loar ¶pl zcmtrs mal ķ˅m`g mc¶ptlstg os`rgrc Sotlicoc xloc/ sotlicoc arc ‐dszg Zs¶pklm ¶pl Bsongkau, aztpzrcxc`c os`rgrl àm`crtgmtc &ugdlmd a zrcdloc`t¶lc zcmtrsulaoam`co/ `grslg l)g àmpg`rgt dasg àm`crtc/ a plieamlc àm`crtgmtg ¶pl a os`rgrc zcmtrsdasg lmptrsicmtc paolptc ¶pl ar`fcptrg,; a psig dc gotc zlcpc zcmtrs `coc igl dlucrpc

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earigt¶lsml dc `gicrg pgs ar`fcptrgoc/ argtarlso Ilarlt ¶g / mcsltgtcoc P`cmc ma`tsrmc zcmtrs àr &zc tcvtc dc Ngr`lg Oar`g,/ icoadll &ucrpsrl dc Cilmcp`s/ Taz˅ķr`cgms/

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Bgàulg/ Ogbl¶p,/ pamgtc zcmtrs ecosrltc lmptrsicmtc/ ¶p-g-i-d-; lgr c`grc dlmtrc g`cptcàizaxlt¶ll gs àmptltslt zcmtrs mal gp`sotgtarll iaicmtc)sml`gt/ àmtsr˅ķmd ‐ tagtc

ķ˅izrcsmg ‐ zraoso smsl eagrtc pciml`gtlu ¶pl lizartgmt àizaxltar go urcill magptrc-Càsrloc g`cptcl azcrc noabgoc gs dczg¶plt dc isot ¶pl `s isot nrgmlt¶coc t¶grll ķ˅m `grc cgg osgt mg¶ptcrc/ ¶pl rc`smag¶ptcrloc lmtcrmgt¶lamgoc &dgr ¶pl `coc zc zogm mgt¶lamgo, gs eaptmsicragpc ¶pl dc zrcptlnls-

Isxlàoanso p)g cdl`gt/ g¶pg `si pc ķ˅mt˅ķizog gdcpcarl/ dlmgsmtrso azcrcl àizaxl)tarsosl; dgr ¶pl gl`l pzlrltso pgs lmucptlngtar g dailmgt/ lgr zrlm`lzgog pg os`rgrc/ @grtcg Iadsrloar / zrc`cdgtg dc `˅ķtcug lmtcrcpgmtc ptsdll zrcngtltagrc/ g àmptltslt a zlgtrg dc

fatgr ķ˅m n˅ķmdlrcg isxlàoanl`g raig˅mcgp`g/ losptrgtg ‐ zc g`cptc dlrc`t¶ll ‐ dc msiczrc`si ^lofcoi Bcrncr/ Gsrco Ptrac/ P¶tcegm Ml`socp`s- Ulcrs p)g pltsgt dcolbcrgt zcsm tcrcm lmtcrdlp`lzolmgr/ `gstķ˅md pg gpa`lcxc isxl`g ¶pl igtcigtl`g/ igl blmc xlp pgcvtrgng igtcigtl`g cvlptcmtg ķ˅m isxl`g/ g¶pg `si dlm olibghso uarblt pc zagtc cvtrgnca nrgigtl`g/ c `g mc dgi arl ms tatdcgsmg pcgig dc cvlptcmt¶g cl- Ms cptc dc`l uarbgdc urca `rcgt¶lc grtl`lgog `l dc `cr`ctgrcg ecososl ķ˅m `grc gsxso rcogt¶lamcgxg psmctcoc ¶pllmtcrugococ- Sm eco dc goncbrg g isxl`ll gu˅ķmds)¶pl parnlmtcg ¶pl tciclso ķ˅m rcgoltgt¶loc `coc

igl dsrgbloc goc grtcl magptrc8 ķ˅m iadsrl-

P¶l igl cvlptg a ecric`gtagrc `grtc/ psncptlu msiltg @sulmtc dcpzrc psmctc / smdc gseapt ptr˅ķmpc grtlàoc ¶pl il`l cpcsrl `s psblc`tc cvtrci dc ugrlgtc/ ¶pl smdc pc zagtc gzrc`lgdlm zolm `goltgtcg zraxcl osl Ulcrs- Lmdlp`stgblo mc gflgi ķ˅m egt¶g smsl tgocmt p`rlltarl`cp`gstcmtl`/ rcflcv `˅ķt pc zagtc dc dco go aisosl ķ˅mps¶pl/ g¶pg `si o)gi `smap`st mal/ dlm‐ zagtc ‐ illoc dc arc dc àmuarblrl zsrtgtc dcgosmnso gmloar-

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Zcmtrs `g dcpzrc zraecpar uar gds`c igrtsrll/ ķ˅m tliz/ mcmsigrgt¶ll pgl ptsdcmt¶l/ dcgl`l ¶pl dlm gotc zgrt¶l/ g¶p urcg pg igl pzsm `˅ķtcug `sulmtc dcpzrc aiso `grc i)g amargt

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`s zrlctcmlg pg- Mc)gi ugxst rcogtlu dcp/ ķ˅m `coc igl isotc `gxsrl zc tcrcm zraecplamgo/ķ˅m gt˅ķt dc stloso ¶pl lmtcrcpgmtso Blras zcmtrs isxl`g plieaml`g/ dc `gicrg ¶pl dc azcrg

go Smlsmll magptrc/ smdc gi eapt àocnl tliz dc zcptc trclxc`l dc gml- L˅mpg ms rgrcarl/igl `s pcgig ķ˅m urcicg `˅ķmd os`rgrloc g`cptsl blras gs eapt àmdspc dc gdcugrgtsopcmlar `grc g eapt Tsdar @lartcg/ ¶pcdlmt¶coc magptrc pc zrcosmncgs `s zgplamgtc dlp`st¶ll/zrczamdcrcmt zc tcic cptctl`c/ `cgpsrl ¶pl `cgpsrl dc)g r˅ķmdso/ c og @gpg Smlucrpltgt¶ll/c ķ˅m gotc oa`srl- Lmtcmpltgtcg p`flibsosl dc ldcl `s nrcs zagtc lignlmgtg ķ˅m osicgegr˅ķilt¶gtg/ zsoucrlxgtg/ g zrcxcmtsosl- Elc`grc dlmtrc mal zstcg raptl uarbcoc osl @giloZctrcp`s8

’cs gi u˖ gxst ldcl'‟- P¶l c`grc dlm mal p)g plit¶lt cdl`gt lmtcrlar dc g`cptc

ilrgbloc àmersmtgrl-Dgr gilmtlrloc ig mgzgdcp`- Rcugd ug`gmt¶c zctrc`stc ķ˅m zgrgoco og @sizgtso/

gogtsrl dc àzlll ¶pl pat¶lloc magptrc/ rcugd dczogpgrloc zc `grc mal dal oc zsmcgi og`goc ķ˅m gmll ¶pglxc`l psb zrctcvtso `smag¶ptcrll igl gigmsmt¶ltc g tcrcmsosl ¶pl ‐ mgmt¶gt¶ldc Smlsmc ‐ ulxltgi smg pgs dasg egbrl`l ¶pl 7:‐72 iķ˅mgptlrl- @s co ķ˅izrcsmg giugxst zrlig agrg Ps`cult¶g ¶pl Zstmg/ Uaramct¶so ¶pl Grbarcg/ Iķ˅mgptlrcg Mcgit¶sosl ¶plFsisoc¶ptll/ hs`˅ķmd ķ˅m rgptlizsrl xc`l dc zgrtldc dc ¶pgf- @s co eg`cgi smcarl/ ķ˅m g`cocucrl ķ˅m `grc rgiķ˅mcgi plmnsrl ķ˅m Bs`src¶ptl pzrc g os`rg lmtcmplu/ pcrl zrcosmnltc dczgplamgtc p`flibsrl dc azlmll/ eg`˅ķmd amarsrloc smcl `lmc zrcngtltc `s xco ¶pl `s egmtcxlcdc ķ˅mps¶pl Taocg- Gucg ¶pl tgocmtso g`cptg'

Zrlm zoc`grcg osl dlmtrc mal/ mcg¶ptcztgtg ¶pl `s gt˅ķt igl dsrcragpg/ rgiķ˅mci c`g)rc igl plmnsr/ c`grc igl pgrg`- Zgpso lrcucrplblo zc `grc o)g eg`st zrlctcmso maptrsg`sig cptc/ zrabgblo/ `co igl paocim ¶pl `co igl lizartgmt ķ˅m cvlptcmt¶g `slug/ igl li)

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zartgmt `flgr dc`ķ˅t mg¶ptcrcg/ zcmtrs `g g`ccg mc pàgtc dlm Ctcrmltgtc ¶pl dlm Gbpaost¶pl mc grsm`g ķ˅m ulgt¶g zgiķ˅mtcgp`g/ g¶pg `si cptc cg/ ķ˅m urcic `c g¶pg)xlpg dlpzgrlt¶lc mc

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rclmtcnrcgxg dc egzt Ellmt¶cl ¶pl Cpcmt¶coar- P¶l dg`g/ ķ˅mtr)gdcugr/ osķ˅md ķ˅megt¶l¶pgrcg smslrsn gzrlmp/ Ellmt¶g Pszrcig l)g pzsp osl Ialpc8

’Cs psmt Dsimcxcso osl Gbrgfgi/ go

osl Lpgg` ¶pl go osl Lgàb‟/ trcbslc pg i àmulm¶pl ‐ ¶pl cs smso psmt ‐ `g g`cog `grc guarblt cptc Dsimcxcso ulloar/ ms go iart¶loar- Tglmg g`cgptg a ug dcxocng c`grc `˅ķmdķ˅l ug ucml r˅ķmdso/ ķ˅mpg zcmtrs ilmc Gmgtao Ulcrs/ Taocg/ cptc og eco dc uls `g gtsm`l`˅ķmd mc zstcgi ķ˅mtķ˅oml/ dlm ķ˅mtķ˅izogrc/ og arl`c àot¶ dc ptrgdg- Co trglc¶ptc ms msiglķ˅m gilmtlrloc zrlctcmloar/ ms msigl zrlm Azcrg pg lizrcplamgmtg/ `l ¶pl/ cec`tlu/ ķ˅mtr)aosic g Gbpaostsosl/ dcpzrc `grc g`sig ¶ptlc igl isotc dc`˅ķt mal/ `cl dc gl`l-

Mlàogc @ghgo

TAGTC EOARLOC NL˅MDSOSLDC OG TAT¶ L ERGT¶ LL TGL 53

@si pg mc abl¶pmsli pg trgli egrg Gmgtao Ulcrs1 Egrg siarso osl ptcml`/ egrg

ncmcraxltgtcg ¶pl bs`srlg osl dc g `rcg1 Zcrec`tso trc`st cptc lizrazrls zcmtrs g`cptrczrcxcmtgmt dc tgolc iamdlgog go isxl`ll plieaml`c àmtcizargmc- Gmgtao Ulcrs g eaptpisop dlmtrc mal ķ˅m zolmg eart¶g `rcgtagrc- Crg zolm dc zralc`tc/ g ogpgt isotc os`rgrlmctcrilmgtc- L˅mxcptrgt `s a cvtrgardlmgrg iabloltgtc lmtcoc`tsgog/ zrcdlpzsp ‐ `g tat¶lll osl Lprgco ‐ pzrc oapac &gucg ¶pl ptsdll ķ˅m daicmls,/ Gmgtao Ulcrs crg/ ķ˅m g`cog¶pltliz/ dcp`flp pzrc tat `c ķ˅mpcgimg `rcgt¶lc ¶pl g`tsgoltgtc-

@lmc l)gr zstcg `szrlmdc zradlnlagpg azcrg ķ˅m gpcicmcg òlzc `˅ķmd dsrcrcg mc à)

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00<53- Tcvt zsbol`gt ķ˅m Gmgtao Ulcrs Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco/ fgpcecr/ Bs`src¶ptl 2::7-

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zoc¶pc¶ptc1' Ms msigl isxl`g/ dgr ¶pl zacxlg/ tcgtrso/ oltcrgtsrg `s ighsp`sog/ ķ˅m ncmcrgo/crgs z˅ķlmcg osl `cg dc tagtc xlococ- G àizsp azcrcoc8 Lamg / dszg Parcp`s; Zrgxml`so

`gol`loar / dszg Parbso; Sotlicoc xloc/ sotlicoc arc / dszg Zs¶pklm ¶pl Bsongkau--- O)g lsbltzc @grgnlgoc- Daugdg ‐ Tcocnrgic ‐ tcic ¶pl ugrlgt ¶lsml ¶pl Sm Zcdgnan dc ¶pàgo˖ g mas˖ g -Licmpg pg iadcptlc ‐ pc àmpldcrg

’sm cocu zcrzctss‟ ‐ ms crg dsbogtg dc`ķ˅t dc a eart¶g

`rcgtagrc lc¶pltg dlm àism- Igrtsrlc ptgs `coc ¶pgpc plieamll ‐ ig n˅ķmdcp` `c pciml)`gtlu zcmtrs ldlaplm`rgplg og xnaiatso zsbol`ltgt¶ll g osl Gmgtao Ulcrs cptc tltoso `cocldlmt˅ķl8 Adg t˖ g`crll ' ‐ @am`crtc zcmtrs ulaoam`co/ flgst/ zlgm/ ògrlmct/ pgvaeam ¶pl ar`fcp)trg/ os`rgrloc `gicrgoc/ àrgoc ‐ dcpzrc @oczpldrg pg/ isxlàoanso Raoe Srp Rlmnncr/ dc

og rculptg ’Dlc ^cot‟/ p`rlg `g ’cptc dc a àm`czt¶lc ncmlgog‟- @˅ķt dc isot p)g mstrltdlm oapag eaoòarsosl ldl¶p ¶pl g `cosl raig˅mcp` a pzsm zlcpcoc zcmtrs àr ¶pl ar`fcptrg/@aiarloc dlm ptgd˖ g ¶pl Ilarlt ¶g - @c g ķ˅mpcimgt zcmtrs co oc`tsrg gzraesmdgtg g Blbolcl‐ os`rgrcg lmpzlrgtg dlm @˅ķmtgrcg @˅ķmtgrloar/ A/ dc il)gl eapt ts ergtc---

Gmgtao Ulcrs gzgrt¶lmc `gtcnarlcl `rcgtarloar `s bgtglc osmng ķ˅m tliz &psmt plnsr `gisxl`g pg ug eg`c/ ucg`srl/

’pgol zolmc‟ ķ˅m osic,- Dszg `si/ dgtarl psmtci pg mc zoc`gi

ķ˅m egt¶g srlg¶pcl pgoc darlmt¶c dc g aecrl tlmcrloar sm ’Pcpgi dcp`fldc)tc‟ zcmtrs ķ˅mt¶cocncrcgisxl`ll iadcrmc- Pcrlg dc àm`crtc/ lmlt¶lgtg og Bs`src¶ptl/ Isxl`l zgrgococ / àmecrlmt¶coct¶lmstc og smlucrpltgt¶l dlm P-S-G-/ @gmgdg/ Lprgco/ Ncrigmlg/ `grt¶l dc isxlàoanlc/ cpcsrlptr˅ķmpc ķ˅m uaosic/ `srpsrl og G`gdcilg dc Isxl`g dlm Bs`src¶ptl ķ˅l osilmcgxg dlm zolmua`gt¶lg dc dgp`go mam)àmearilpt/ dlm pzlt¶g pa`rgtl`loar- Pcilmt¶coc/ ķ˅izrg¶ptlgtc `s gt˅ķtgmc)icmghgrc dc plmc/ uar radl/ dc gpcicmcg/ ķ˅m tliz- @g arl`c grtlpt gdcugrgt/ ķ˅¶pl gucgCucrcptso osl zc `grc uralg pg)o `s`crcgp`g- Rcesxg `ccg `c pc ķ˅mt¶cocnc/ ķ˅m iad abl¶pmslt

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zrlm eglig/ dgr eglig/ ķ˅m pcmpso mablo go `su˅ķmtsosl/ ms o)g aàolt- G gust zgrtc `gazcrg pg)l c coanlgtg ķ˅m tlizso ulct¶ll- Dlm 7<45 `˅ķmd g dcucmlt sotliso ogsrcgt go

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Zrcilsosl’

Ncarnc Cmcp`s‟/ z˅ķmg gxl/ Gmgtao Ulcrs pc ķ˅megt¶l¶pcgxg ķ˅m egt¶g ctcrmltgt¶llķ˅m`gr`gt dc zrcilloc zrliltc og Ncmcug/ ^gpflmntam/ Ulcmg &

’Fcrdcr‟, `g ¶pl `coc goc

G`gdcilcl Raig˅mc ¶pl Smlsmll @aizaxltarloar dlm Raig˅mlg- ’Gmgtao Ulcrs g rcesxgtpg pc àmpldcrc gugmngrdlpt ‐ p`rlg ms dcisot dcpzrc co losptrso àizaxltar @aptlm@gxgbgm/ ķ˅m && Oc Iamdc dc og Isplwsc ,, ‐/ dc¶pl mastgtcg ¶pl zrapzct¶licg lignlmgt¶lclpgoc ms p)gs dcxilmt¶lt urcadgtg- Dgr/ og co/ pzlrltso iadcrmltgt¶ll pc igmlecptg zc smzogm pszcrlar/ g`cog go ldcloar- Lignlmloc ķ˅¶pl zgptrcgxg lizg`tso dlrc`t ¶pl arl`c bgmslgogdc còc`tlpi cptc ķ˅mogtsrgtg dc rlnagrcg nķ˅mdlrll `grc gmtrcmcgxg sm ptlo go ptlosrloar/ smictgptlo/ ķ˅mtr)sm `suķ˅mt-‟

Gmgtao Ulcrs g rgpzsmp/ `g arl`c `rcgtar gstcmtl`/ zraua`grll àmdlt¶lcl sigmc cec)icrc/ blrslmd)a zrlm pszrcigt¶lg eart¶cl pzlrltsosl-

Dsimcxcs pg)o adlfmcgp`g ķ˅m zg`c'

Paoaiam Igr`sp

L˅IL UG OLZPL--- MC UG OLZPL--- 55

Ms igl ¶ptls `˅ķmd o)gi ķ˅mt˅ķomlt zcmtrs zrlig agrg zc Gmgtao Ulcrs/ zrabgblo pzrcpe˅ķr¶pltso gmloar “5:- Egzt cptc `g/ dc ķ˅mdgtg `c o)gi `smap`st/ dlgoanso `s g`cpt n˅ķmdltargo osill pamarc g dcucmlt zcmtrs ilmc a mc`cpltgtc-

Zst¶lml psmt `rcgtarll ķ˅m grtg `grc zat grsm`g a zrlulrc os`ldg gpszrg zrazrlcl oar`rcgt¶ll ¶pl `grc gs ¶pl fgrso dc g cvzrlig ķ˅m `sulmtc cvzcrlcmt¶g oar grtlptl`g- Gmgtao Ulcrsg eapt smso dlmtrc g`c¶ptlg-

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04755- Tcvt zsbol`gt ķ˅m Gmgtao Ulcrs Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco/ fgpcecr/ Bs`src¶ptl 2::7-

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@aizaxltarso `grc ¶pl)g zrazsp pg gds`g mcisxl`g pzrc isxl`g i)g àmdsp/ ķ˅m osmnldlp`st¶ll/ ķ˅m ogbargtarso pgs dc `rcgt¶lc; o)gi ugxst dc)g drcztso trgmpnsrgt pgusr˅ķmds)

¶pl ltlmcrgrso grtlptl` ¶pl eg`ķ˅mds)ig ¶pl zc ilmc pg slt dc arl`c got`cug ¶pl pg)o srigrcp`ķ˅m gucmtsrg pg pzlrltsgog- I)g ghstgt gpteco pg ķ˅mt¶cocn iadso ķ˅m `grc/ ķ˅m ulxlsmcg pg/g gds`c mcisxl`g pzrc isxl`g lizol`g ¶pl a gotg il¶p`grc/ zcmtrs ilmc cpcmt¶lgog/ g`ccg`grc gds`c mcigtcigtl`g pzrc igtcigtl`g- G`cpt egzt i)g dctcrilmgt pg zsm ķ˅m iķ˅mgsmsl t˅ķmgr ¶pl tgocmtgt igtcigtl`lgm/ Dgm Usxg/

’@grtcg iadsrloar‟ &Cdltsrg Isxl`gog/

7<6:,/ dc Gmgtao Ulcrs- Dgm Usxg bcmc`lg ¶pl dc a gmsiltg lmlt¶lcrc isxl`gog/ `grc/grtl`sogtg `s zrcngtlrcg pg igtcigtl`g/ ķ˅l aecrcg g``cpso og g`cgptg `grtc- L˅mtķ˅omlrcg

igtcigtl`lgmsosl `s osicg dc ldcl isxl`goc g osl Ulcrs g gust gpszrg `cosl dlmt˅ķl smcec`t dc urghg ¶pl g eapt rcucogtarlc zcmtrs `co dc go dalocg- L˅m zcrlagdg gmloar 7<<7‐7<<0Usxg g zsbol`gt ķ˅m rculptg gicrl`gmg

’Zcrpzc`tlucp ae Mc~ Ispl`‟ sm `lòs dc zgtrs

grtlàoc &tatgolx˅ķmd gzravligtlu 7:: dc zgnlml, gu˅ķmd zsm`tso dc zoc`grc ķ˅m @grtcgiadsrloar/ dszg `c zsbol`gpc ķ˅m gmll “6: a pcrlc dc grtlàoc ķ˅m g`ccg¶pl ardlmc dc ldcl/ķ˅m

’Rcusc Rasiglmc dc Igtfcigtlwscp Zsrcp gt Gzzolwsccp‟- Gi rcogtgt a er˅ķmtsrg

dlm g`cpt dlgoan go isxl`ll `s igtcigtl`g ķ˅mtr)sm ķ˅mtrcn `gzltao dlm’

Grtg ¶pl ¶ptllmt¶g‟

&Cdltsrg ’Cilmcp`s‟/ 7<65,- L˅mtrc tliz/ n˅ķmdlrcg isxl`gog g osl Ulcrs lc¶plpc ¶pl cg ķ˅mosic eg`˅ķmds)pc `smap`stg ķ˅m zsbol`gt¶ll gicrl`gmc ¶pl csrazcmc- Dlgoanso Ulcrs)Usxgķ˅il gilmtc¶ptc dc sm got dlgoan/ dcucmlt `cocbrs/ g`cog dlmtrc nrguarso ¶pl ncaictrso@avctcr-

Ms ig zat rcecrl og gpzc`tso ptrl`t isxl`go go azcrcl osl Ulcrs/ azcr g zc `grc gtķ˅t¶lgzraecplaml¶ptl gl isxl`ll gs àmpldcrgt)a cv`czt¶lamgog- Zrcilso Fcrdcr ¶pl msicragpc gotc

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zrcill zc `grc oc)g zrlilt lmdl`g egrg ml`l a sibrg dc ķ˅mdalgog egztso `g Ulcrs g eaptrc`smap`st dc isotg urcic smso dlmtrc `cl igl lizartgmt¶l àizaxltarl raig˅ml dlm g

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dasg hsigtgtc g pcàososl VV- Dgr/ dlmàoa dc g`cpt egzt/ Ulcrs mc rgiķ˅mc drczt smgdlmtrc ilmt¶loc `coc igl ògrc ķ˅m dcxugoslrcg/ zrlm `sulmtc/ g smar gpzc`tc dlmtrc `coc

igl dcol`gtc goc smlucrpsosl pamar-

’@ccg `c cptc culdcmt cptc gdcpcg nrcs dc dcpàzcrlt‟/ abpcrug Ulcrs ķ˅mtr)sm icia)

rgblo’

@su˅ķmt ķ˅mglmtc‟ og’

@grtcg iadsrloar‟ `grc mc rcàigmdg pg i eagrtc gtcmt¶l oggdcugrsrloc àismc/ lmtsltluc/ gducrpgrl dc tcist ķ˅m `gocg gdcugrsosl ¶ptllmt¶l`- Ulcrsg rcs¶plt pg pc ķ˅mtagr`g og os`rsrloc `coc igl plizoc/ og ķ˅m`czstsrl/ grsm`˅ķmd gpszrg oara zrlulrc zragpzgtg/ mcàmtgilmgtg dc`l dc zrchsdc`gt¶l; g rcxsotgt ltlmcrgrso gt˅ķt dcpsncptlu cvzrligt zrlm

’

iadgo/ tamgo/ pcrlgo ¶pl lgr iadgo‟/ `grc rcxsig n˅ķmdlrcg pg

isxl`gog-

Olizcxlicg cvzrcplcl pgoc àmtrgptcgxg `s ptloso ķ˅m`˅ķo`lt/ pmab/ lmstlo àizol`gt gogtķ˅tar got¶l gstarl `grc gs ķ˅m`cr`gt pg cvzrlic `s ghstarso `sulmtcoar ecmaicmcoc isxl`g)oc- Ulcrs mc)g aecrlt a zagrtg ms msigl pzrc zrazrlg pg `rcgt¶lc/ `l pzrc ķ˅mtrcgng `rcgt¶lcisxl`gog a``ldcmtgog/ ògpl`g ¶pl iadcrmg/ mc)g ghstgt pg ķ˅mt¶cocnci igl blmc `sulmtcocisxl`goc dlm pcàoso `grc pc ķ˅m`fclc- G pc ucdcg/ ķ˅m g`cgptg zrlulmt¶g/ àmuarblrcg pg `sdal isxlàoanl &zsbol`gtg ķ˅m srig `s urca trcl gml ķ˅m

’Raig˅mlg Oltcrgrg‟, ¶pl dlecrltc

gotc cpcsrl zsbol`gtc `s zrc`gdcrc ķ˅m’

Isxl`g‟ ¶pl ķ˅m’

Raig˅mlg Oltcrgrg‟-

Gi eapt msilt rcecrcmt zcmtrs gpzc`tcoc igtcigtl`c/ og tcxg pg dc da`targt ķ˅misxlàoanlc pspt¶lmstg og @osh/ `s zraecparso Plnlpismd Tadst¶g ¶pl i)gi plit¶lt amargtpg ugd `g rcecrgtso ics g eapt lmòsp &`g ¶pl `co go zraecparsosl Tadst¶g, `g zaptegt¶g og@grtcg iadsrloar/ lgr ķ˅m

’@suķ˅mtso ķ˅mglmtc‟ àizaxltarso pc rcecrg ¶pl og iadcptg icg

zgrtl`lzgrc og zra`cpso pgs dc ògrl`grc- Gdcugrso cptc `g g`cpt da`targt g eapt smso

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dlmtrc rgrcoc `gxsrl ķ˅m `grc rcecrcmtso &gdl`g psbpcimgtso, g ķ˅mugt¶gt igl isot dc oggstarso tcxcl dc`˅ķt g`cptg dlm srig dc og `co dlmtķ˅l-

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Ignl`lgmso `grc g cvtrgp a psrzrlmxgtagrc isxl`g dlm azcrc oltcrgrc `g g`cocg gocosl @grgnlgoc ¶pl Bgàulg il)g rgigp sm lmtcroa`star og `grc gi plit¶lt mcualg dc g ig

ķ˅mtagr`c icrcs ¶pl icrcs/ c ķ˅m àmuarblrl dlrc`tc/ c ķ˅m osmnl àmuarblrl tcoceaml`c-L˅il ug olzpl- Mc ug olzpl-

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@szrlmp

Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco 3

L˅mpcimgrl dcpzrc grtg 3Isxl`g ¶pl dcpzrc isxl`˖ g - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3Mgtsrg ¶pl `sotsrg ķ˅m zcr`czt¶lg isxl`gog - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4:Zcrcm ¶pl cecicr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45L˅mtrcn ¶pl dctgoll - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46Arlnlmgoltgtc flicrg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37

A da`trlmg g iadcrgt¶lcl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34Ulxlt˅ķmd Ngocrlg Trctlgkau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35

@rcgtarl gl pcàososl VV 3<Nsptgu Igfocr ¶pl tlizso pgs &@amecrlmt¶g, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3<@grtcg nr˖ gdlmloar pspzcmdgtc dc P`f¦ambcrn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - >5@gogtarlc ķ˅m osicg osl Bgrtak - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6:Ncarnc Cmcp`s ‐ àizaxltarso - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65

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@ulmtctso azsp 2< dc Ncarnc Cmcp`s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6<Ulgt¶g ¶pl azcrg osl Cdngr Ugrjcpc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <4

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P¶aptgkaul`l ‐ 6: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7:5Grgi Fg`lgtsrlgm og 3: dc gml ¶pl dszg g`ccg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7:6Psncptlloc osl Aolulcr Icpplgcm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77>@grtcg dc arng g osl Aolulcr Icpplgcm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77<Fcmrl Zasppcsr icdlt˅ķmd og Rabcrt P`fsigmm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 720

Isxl`g dc N|¦arn| Ksrtgn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72<Cdlpam Dcmlpau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 703Isxl`g osl Goercd P`fmlttkc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 74:

Nķ˅mdsrl dcpzrc isxl`g àmtcizargmg 74<Ardlmcg ķ˅m Tsrmso Bgbco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 74<

Ignlptrgol ¶pl igrnlmgol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 733Lizc`gblol ¶pl usomcrgblol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73<G`gdcilg dc isxl`g ķ˅m gmso 2::: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 754

L˅mpcimgrl dcpzrc isxl`g raig˅mcgp`g dc gptgxl 75<A dcxuaotgrc psbptgmt¶lgog - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75<I|rlgi Igrbc L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7>5Plieamlg g ULL)g ¶pl `rcgt¶lg osl Zgp`go Bcmtals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 763

Grtlptso og >: dc gml - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 766Lcdso - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 76<

Lm iciarlgi 7<0L˅m gilmtlrcg Flodcl Hcrcg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7<0Sm iadco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7<3L˅m iciarlg osl Hgm Tgsplmncr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7<6Osdaul` Ecodigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2:2

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I|rlgi Igrbc LL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2:3L˅m gilmtlrcg osl Csncm)Ilfgl Igrtam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2:5

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Igrl lmtcrzrct¶l 2:<Rczctlt¶ll `s \cfsdl Icmsflm ¶pl Ncarnc Cmcp`s--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 :<Uogdlilr Paeramlt¶kl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 272@ogsdla Grrgs8 pcgrg Bcctfaucm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 275

Pulgtapogu Rl`ftcr8 sm zlgmlpt sml` - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 276Dasg rc`ltgosrl cvtrgardlmgrc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22>Pcgrg Brgfip `s Ncarncp`s ¶pl Rl`ftcr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20:Rl`ftcr zrlmtrc mal/ og dcp`fldcrcg ptgnlsmll - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 202@raml`g og a pgrbgtagrc isxl`gog - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 204Dc og Pgoxbsrn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20>

Xsblm Icftg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20<Nfcmgdl Rahdcptucmpkl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 242Osdaul` Bg`p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 244Nlnl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 245

Tcvtc lmcdltc 230

Ic`gmlpic 230

Lmegtsgrcg lmearigt¶lcl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 230Pt˅ķmng ‐ drcgztg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 233

Rabcpzlcrrc og bgtr˅ķmct¶c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23>Dlocig rgxbalml`sosl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 236@amatgt¶lloc smsl gearlpi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25:

Ulpso dc gptg magztc 250@oczpldrg &7<56, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 250

P tl t l l ˖ &7<5>, 254

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Pcmtlicmtc ¶pl isxl`g &7<5>, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 254Ulpso dc gptg magztc &7<>:, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25>

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Tcarlg iadsrloar/ gxl 2>7

Ergnicmtgrlsi &7<44‐7<>2, 260

Aignls 2<>

Iam zjcrc ‐ Tgtgo ics 2<>Gmdrcl Ulcrs Iam zjcrc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2<>Gmdrcl Ulcrs Tgt go ics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 075

Cua`grl 003Zgp`go Bcmtals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 003Mlàogc @ghgo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 00<Paoaiam Igr`sp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 047

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Date post:	06-Jul-2015
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