85486213 Impactul Europenizarii Asupra Adm Pub

8/2/2019 85486213 Impactul Europenizarii Asupra Adm Pub

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CONFERINA INTERNAIONAL: IMPACTUL EUROPENIZRII ASUPRA ADMINISTRAIEI PUBLICE

Manifestarea este organizat cu sprijinul financiar al Autoritii Naionale pentru Cercetare tiinific,Ministerul Educaiei, Cercetriii Tineretului.

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CONFERINA INTERNAIONAL: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE:

IMPACTUL EUROPENIZRIIASUPRA ADMINISTRAIEI

PUBLICE

THE IMPACT OFEUROPEANIZATION ON THEPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PALATUL PARLAMENTULUI

ROMNIEI

THE PALACE OF THE PARLIAMENT OF

ROMANIASala Nicolae Blcescu Nicolae Blcescu Hall25 26 Mai 2007, Bucureti 25 26 May 2007, Bucharest

Rezumate Abstracts

SESIUNEA PLENAR1: PLENARY SESSION 1:EUROPENIZAREA, INTEGRAREA I

REFORMA ADMINISTRAIEI PUBLICEEUROPEANIZATION, INTEGRATION AND

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM

Prezentri: Paper presentations:Europenizarea, integrarea i reforma

administraiei publice: Comisia de Concuren aGreciei vs. Comisiile similare ale SUA i UE

Europeanization, Integration and PublicAdministration Reform: The case of the Greek

Competition Commission compared to the US andEU respectively

Harry Stamelos,coala de Administraie Public,Atena, Grecia

Harry Stamelos, Greek School of PublicAdministration, Athens, Greece

Proiectul va explora cazul Comisiei de Concurena Greciei n sistemul administraiei Greciei i n celal UE, cu privire la funcionarea directoratelor

Comisiei i la puterile sale de a pune n aplicarelegile concurenei, din Grecia i din UE, n ordineade drept din Grecia i mijloacele pe care lefolosete pentru a atinge efectiv rezultatele ceruteComisia European pentru europeanizare iintegrare, n special pentru reformele administraieipublice n reeaua Comisiilor Naionale pentru

The project will explore the case of the GreekCompetition Commission in the Greek and EUadministration system regarding the operation of the

divisions of the Commission and its powers toenforce the EU and Greek competition laws in theGreek legal order and the means which uses toactually reach the results that the Europeanization andthe integration of the European Commissiondemands, especially for public administration reformsin the network of the National Competition


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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: THE IMPACT OF EUROPEANIZATION ON THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

This event is organized with the financial support of the National Authority for Scientific Research,Romanian Ministry of Education, Research and Youth.

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Concuren din fiecare Stat Membru al UE. Ocomparaie special va fi ilustrat pentru reeauarespectiv de autoriti ale statului n SUA i pentruautoritile federale pentru concuren din SUA(Comisia Federal pentru Comer, Departamentul

de Justiie) i aspectele administrative interesantedin SUA, similare cu cele din Uniunea European.

Commissions of every Member State of the EU. Aspecial comparison will be illustrated to the respectivenetwork of state authorities in the US and the USfederal competition authorities (Federal TradeCommission, Department of Justice) and the

interesting administrative issues in the US similar tothe ones in the European Union.Democratizarea administraiei romneti Democratization of Romanian AdministrationIoan Alexandru, SNSPA, Bucureti, Romnia Ioan Alexandru, SNSPA, Bucharest, Romania

Din punct de vedere geografic, Romnia a fostdintotdeauna considerat o ar european. Chiarmai mult, putem spune fr a grei c ntreaga saistorie a fost puternic determinat de evenimentepolitico-sociale care se declanau n vestulcontinentului propagndu-se inevitabil spre rsrit.Dinspre apus, veneau noutile tiinifice, culturale,

artistice dar i ideile de libertate, egalitate,fraternitate i odat cu ele micrile de eliberarenaional i democraia. Dinspre rsrit au venitmai mult necazuri: nvliri succesive alepopoarelor migratoare, ttarii, avarii, gepizii, apoi,cnd abia apucasem n anii de dup primul rzboimondial s ne aezm ara la un nivel calitativcomparabil cu rile din vest, a venit cele de-aldoilea rzboi mondial i odat cu sfritul lui marearuptur a Europei, n urma creia, abandonai deprietenii din vest, am intrat n perimetrul de

jurisdicie a fostei Uniuni Sovietice, ea nsi oconstrucie statal autoritar, edificat de comunitipe structura fostei Rusii imperiale. A urmat aproapejumtate de secol de regim totalitar n care, totui, asupravieuit spiritul european prin literaturi art,prin rezistena tcut a marilor oameni de tiincare au ncercat s conserve i s transmitgeneraiilor urmtoare ideile europene i nu nultimul rnd, prin mpotrivirea fa de propagandaateist.

Am fcut aceast scurt, poate prea scurtincursiune n istoria noastr pentru a putea nelegec tot ceea ce se ntmpl dup Revoluia dindecembrie 1989 nu nseamn altceva dectrevenirea Romniei la locul ei firesc i anume nrndul rilor europene.

n acelai timp, trebuie s spunem c ncdin vechime a existat o diferen semnificativ ntrenivelurile de dezvoltare economico-social ale

From the geographical point of view, Romania wasalways considered a European country. Even more,we can say without being mistaken, that its entirehistory was strongly determined by political-socialevents that were commencing in the West of thecontinent, unavoidably spreading towards the East.From the West came the scientific, cultural, artistic

news, but also the ideas of freedom, equality,fraternity and, together with them, the national libertymovements and democracy. From the East came moretroubles: successive conquests of the migratingpopulations, then, in the years following the FirstWorld War, when we had just begun setting thecountry on a qualitative level comparable to theWestern states, the Second World War came and,with its end, the large tear across Europe. Abandonedby the friends in the West, we entered thejurisdiction perimeter of the former Soviet Union, an

authoritarian state construction, built by thecommunists on the structure of former ImperialRussia. It followed almost half a century oftotalitarian regime, in which, still, the European spiritsurvived, through literature and art, through the silentresistance of the great scientists who tried to preserveand pass on to the next generations the Europeanideas and, not lastly, through the opposition towardsthe atheistic propaganda.

I made this short, maybe too short, trip intoour history, in order to understand that everythinghappening after the Revolution of December 1989means that Romania returns to its natural position,namely, in line with the European countries.

At the same time, we must say that even fromthe old times there was a significant differencebetween the economic-social development levels ofthe Eastern countries, in comparison to the Westernones, in the sense that the Eastern fell behind.


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rilor din rsrit fa de cele din apus n sensulrmnerii n urm a celor din rsrit.

De aceea, cred c ceea ce trebuie sconstituie miezul preocuprilor noastre n aceastetap istoric a evoluiei Romniei este ideea de a

gsi modalitile, soluiile i mijloacele prin care sprogresm n toate domeniile astfel nct sreducem i n perspectiv s anulm decalajele deorice fel ntre noi i rile din apus.

ntr-un astfel de demers, administraiapublic are un rol crucial.

Dar, pentru a putea juca un asemenea roldeterminant n progresul Romniei, administraiapublic trebuie mai nti s se schimbe ea nsi.

n opinia mea, aceast schimbare const pede o parte n democratizarea administraiei iar pe

de alt parte n modernizarea acesteia. Acestea suntcele dou direcii de europenizare a administraieipublice iar dac prin europenizare nelegemracordarea i armonizarea structurilor iprocedurilor administrative din rile europene ncondiiile edificrii unei Uniuni Europene, atuncitrebuie s spunem c impactul europenizriiprivete n mai mic sau mai mare msur toateadministraiile publice naionale din rile membreale U.E.

n intervenia mea, m voi limita la punerean discuie a ctorva idei n legtur cu necesitateademocratizrii administraiei publice din Romnia,nu ca sop n sine ci ca o condiie a unei mai bunefuncionri i a creterii randamentului acesteia.

Therefore, I think that the focus of ourpreoccupations in this historical stage of Romaniasdevelopment is the idea to find the modalities, thesolutions and the means by which to progress in allfields, such as to reduce and, in time, to cancel all

types of disparities between us and the Westerncountries.In such a work, the public administration has a

crucial role.But, in order to play such a determining role

in Romanias progress, the public administration mustfirst change itself.

In my opinion, this change consists, on onehand, in democratization of the administration and, onthe other hand, its modernization. These are the twodirections of the Europeanization of the public

administration and if by Europeanization weunderstand the connecting and harmonizing of theadministrative structures and procedures in theEuropean countries in the conditions of building anEuropean Union, then we must say that the impact ofEuropeanization refers to a larger or smaller extentto all national public administrations of the EUMember States.

In my intervention, I will limit myself todiscussing several ideas regarding the need fordemocratization of the public administration inRomania, not as a purpose in itself, but as a conditionfor a better functioning and for increasing itsefficiency.

Europenizarea prin prisma ajutorului de pre-aderare al UE: cazul administraiei publice

poloneze

Europeanization through the EU pre-accessionassistance: the case of Polish Public

AdministrationAnna Kostrzewa,coala de Economie din

Varovia, PoloniaAnna Kostrzewa, Warsaw School of Economics,

Poland

Consiliul European de la Madrid din decembrie1995 a informat toate statele care se pregteau de

obinerea calitii de membru al Uniunii Europene(UE) n legtur cu necesitatea de a-i ajustastructurile administrative i judiciare pentru aasigura implementarea acquis-ului comunitar. nlumina obligaiei de mai sus, dari recunoscnd eansi semnificaia enorm a structurilor imecanismelor administrative corespunztoare

The Madrid European Council of December 1995informed all countries preparing for the membership

in the European Union (EU) about the necessity toadjust their administrative and judicial structures sothat implementation of the acquis communautaire isensured. In light of the aforementioned obligation, butalso recognizing itself a tremendous significance ofthe proper administrative structures and mechanismsfor the transformation from the previous political and


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pentru transformarea vechiului sistem politic ieconomic, Polonia a iniiat activiti de reform lanceputul anilor 1990.Orice discuie academic cu privire la reformaadministraiei publice n Polonia, dari n celelalte

state candidate trebuie s fie automat asociat cusprijinul din partea Uniunii Europene, furnizat subforma cadrului de asisten pre-aderare. Programulde Construcie Instituional Phare va fi accentuatn acest context, ntruct acesta a constituit uninstrument-cheie pentru ajustarea gradual acerinelor identificate pentru administraiapolonez, nainte de a putea funciona eficient lanivelul Uniunii Europene.A prut a fi o sarcin dificil pentru comunitateaacademic furnizarea unei conceptualizri

satisfctoare a europenizrii. n cazul Poloniei, s-aargumentat c se poate face referire la acestfenomen, iar acesta poate fi examinat n legtur cumodificarea structural i calitativ n domeniuladministraiei publice, care, la rndul su, va ficorelat cu conceptele de instituionalizare ireform public.n termeni generali, schimbrile facilitate/provocatede proiectele de Construcie Instituional Phare semanifest n sfera (i) aproximrii legale careafecteaz aproape toate aspectele n care poate fidiscutat administraia public, (ii) participrii nprocesul de luare a deciziilor la nivelul UE, (iii)implementrii i punerii n aplicare a politicilor UE.Presupunerea principal pare s fie c dei se poaterecunoate un element puternic de condiionalitaten legtur cu introducerea regulilor cu privire la (i)protecia intereselor financiare ale UE, (ii)stabilirea ageniilor/organismelor responsabilepentru implementarea fondurilor de pre-aderare i acelor structurale i (iii) aplicare, control,procedurile de monitorizare i evaluare, datoritctorva factori, nu a fost posibil stabilirea ipunerea n funciune a unui model anume deadministraie a UE. Trecnd prin procesul deaderare la UE i ajungnd la etapa de membru cudrepturi depline, Polonia i-a europenizatadministraia, prin pstrarea cadrului propriilor salemecanisme, cu rdcini adnci n sistemeleinstituionale i politice, n istorie i cultur.

economic system, Poland initiated its reformingactivities in the early 1990s.Therefore, any academic discussion concerningpublic administration reform in Poland but also inother acceding countries has to be automatically

associated with the European Union support providedin the framework of the pre-accession assistance.The Phare Institution Building programme shall beemphasized in this context as it has constituted a keyinstrument of gradual adjustment to the requirementsidentified for the Polish administration before it couldoperate successfully on the European Union level.It has appeared to be a difficult task for the academiccommunity to provide a satisfactory conceptualizationof Europeanisation. Nevertheless, in the case ofPoland, it is argued that this phenomenon can be

referred to and examined in relation to the structuraland qualitative change in the public administration,which in turn, shall be correlated with theinstitutionalisation and public reform concepts.In general terms, changes facilitated/provoked by thePhare Institution Building projects manifestthemselves in the sphere of (i) legal approximationaffecting almost all aspects in which publicadministration can be discussed, (ii) participation inthe decision making process on the EU level, (iii)implementation and enforcement of the EU policies.However, the principal assumption seems to be thatalthough strong conditionality ingredient can berecognized in relation to introduction of rules on (i)protection of the EU financial interests, (ii)establishment of agencies/bodies responsible forimplementation of pre-accession and structural fundsand (iii) application, control, monitoring andevaluation procedures, due to several factors, it wasnot possible to establish and make operational anyparticular model of the EU administration.Having gone through the EU accession process andarriving to the full membership stage, Poland has itsadministration Europeanised though preserved in itsframework own mechanisms deeply rooted ininstitutional and political systems as well as historyand culture.


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Romnii, ntre identitate naionalieuropean

Romanians between National and EuropeanIdentity

Ana Rodica Sticulescu Brezeanu, UniversitateaOvidius, Constana, Romnia

Ana Rodica Sticulescu Brezeanu, UniversityOvidius, Constana, Romania

Lucrarea abordeaz n plan conceptual trecerea de

la biografie la identitate, de la identitateaindividual la identitatea local, naional ieuropean.Cetenia european implic construcia unui spaiupublic european, aflat abia acum la nceputurile salecerte.n procesul de construcie europeani de formareidentitar, dou ntrebri se profileaz la nivelulreflexiei: pe de o parte, care sunt valoarea ipertinena conceptului de identitate i aposibilitilor punerii sale n opera n dinamica

integrrii europene i, pe de alt parte, prin cemijloace este legitimat identitatea european.Cultura i educaia apar ca element detransversalitate care poate crea i asigura o relaieformal cu celelalte segmente ale politiciloreuropene. Problematica actual a nclzirii climeiapare ca un factor de prim plan n unificareaeuropean.Lucrarea prezinti concluziile unui studiu realizatn perioada 10-20.12.2006 n cadrul Facultii deDrept i tiine Administrative din Universitatea

OVIDIUS Constana privind cunotinele despreUniunea European nainte de 01.01.2007 n rndulstudenilor.

The paper approaches in the conceptual way the

passing from the biography to the identity, from theindividual identity to the local, national and Europeanidentity.Being now at the confidence starting point, Europeancitizenship involves the building of a public space inEurope. In the process of European construction andforming of the national identity, two questions are inmy mind, the first What is the value and thesubstance of the identity concept taking into accountthe actual dynamic process of the Europeanintegration? and the second one, Through which

means is legitimated and easy recognized theEuropean identity?The culture, education and national customs are theimportant native elements which can create and insurean informal relation with the other components of theEuropean policies.The papers comprises also the conclusion of a studyachieved during 10 - 20 December 2006, among thestudents of the Law and Administrative ScienceFaculty from OVIDIUS University in Constanta,taking into account the knowledge about European

Union, before 1st of January 2007.

Europenizarea administraiei publice attpentru ceteni, ct i pentru funcionariipublici: cteva dovezi ale ansei aplicrii

marketing-ului n sectorul public

Europeanizing public administration not only forcitizens, but also public servants benefit: someEvidence on the Chance for Internal Marketing

Application in the Public SectorJos Luis Vazquez Burguete, Universitatea Leon,

Leon, SpaniaJos Luis Vazquez Burguete, University of Leon,

Leon, SpainAtunci cnd vorbim despre o administraie publiceuropean, nu ne referim numai la o simpl

standarizare n acele proceduri administrative ibirocratice din toate statele membre UE. Acestaeste, de asemenea, un sinonim al instituiilormoderne, eficiente, care privesc serviciul public,prin cutarea i folosirea fiecrei oportuniti de asatisface nevoile cetenilor.n acest scop, ca rezultat al unei evoluii clare n

When talking on a European Public Administrationwe are not only referring to a mere standardization

in those administrative and bureaucratic proceduresin all EU countries. It is also a synonymous ofmodern, effective institutions, aiming public serviceby seeking and seizing every opportunity to meetcitizens needs.At this purpose, as a result of a clear evolution inprevious paradigms on public sector working culture


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paradigmele anterioare privind cultura i activitiledin sectorul public, instrumentele de managementcare s-au dovedit a fi de succes ntr-un contextprivat sunt analizate, cutnd apoi modificrinecesare pentru o adaptare mai bun a

performanelor publice (adic, intind ctre moduln care acestea pot beneficia cel mai bine deperformanelor administraiilor publice).n acest context, organizaiile private caut, n modclar, lucrtori dedicai, prin mbuntireaperformanei individului i a atitudinilor legate delocul de munc. Deci, managementul resurseleumane (sau personalului) i tehnicile i procedurilede planificare devin din ce n ce mai obinuite putem spune eseniale n fiecare organizaie.Totui, n acest moment, aplicarea lor n domeniile

public i/sau non-profit nu este att de obinuitsau, cel puin, este n faz mult mai incipient,atunci cnd nu este direct pus sub semnulntrebrii sau chiar respins (s lum n considerare,de ex., argumente din dezbaterea prezent la nivelulUE cu privire la posibilele stimulente pentruangajaii din sectorul public).Din aceste declaraii iniiale, n lucrarea de faintroducem unele consideraii cu privire laposibilitile reale de aplicare a tehnicilor interne demarketing n sectorul public, fie din perspectivteoretic, fie din perspectiv practic. Un accentdeosebit este pus pe cazul concret aladministraiilor locale, acolo unde rezultateledintr-un studiu empiric asupra funcionarilorpublici ne permit s facem afirmaii nu numaidespre avantajul lurii n considerare a anseimarketing-ului, dari despre o cerere i o necesitatereal de a aplica marketingul intern n domeniulpublic.

and activities, management tools that proved to besuccessful in a private context are under analysis, thenlooking for required changes in order to their betteradjustment for public performance (i.e., aiming theway in which they can most benefit the performance

of public administrations).In this context, private organizations are clearlylooking for committed workers by improvingindividuals performance and job-related attitudes.Thus, human resources (or personnel) managementand planning techniques and procedures are becomingmore and more usual we can say essential in everybusiness organization. However, at the time, theirapplication in public and/or non-profit fields is not sousual or, at least, it is much more incipient, when notdirectly questioned or even rejected (lets consider,

e.g., arguments in current debate at EU level onpossible incentives for public employees).From these initial statements, in this paper weintroduce some considerations on real possibilities ofapplying internal marketing techniques in the publicsector, either from a theoretical or a practicalperspective. A special emphasis is made on theconcrete case of Local Administrations, where resultsfrom an empirical survey on public servants allow usto state not only about the convenience of consideringthe chance, but even about a real demand andnecessity of applying internal marketing in the publicfield.

De la balcanizare la europenizare. Perspectivafederal n Europa

De la balkanisation leuropanisation. Laperspective fdrale en Europe

Panagiotis Grigoriou, Universitatea Aegean,Grecia Panagiotis Grigoriou, University of the Aegean,Greece

Actuala perioad a integrrii europeane estedominat de efectele de lrgire a Uniunii Europenectre Europa centrali oriental; de tiut ctre ozon care acum aproximativ 20 de ani reprezentaun adversar rigid pentru o Europ comunitar

La priode actuelle de lintgration europenne estdomine par les effets de llargissement de lUnioneuropenne vers lEurope centrale et orientale ; savoir vers une zone qui constituait, il y a unevingtaine dannes, un adversaire rigide pour


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clasic. ntre acest proces de lrgire i viitorulregiunii europene, s-a construit, deci, o relaiestructurat n jurul a trei concepte majore. Acesteaxe puteau, pe de alt parte, s fie considerate dreptcele mai bune instrumente de identificare a noiunii

de regiune n limbajul comunitar.Continuarea politicii de coeziune a UniuniiEuropene, inspirat de noua strategie adoptat laLisabona i Goteborg, pare s favorizeze viitoareacretere i competitivitate comunitar n toatezonele Europei. Mecanismul instituit faciliteazelaborarea de proiecte la care ar putea participadou sau mai multe regiuni, n domeniul aciunilorcare aduc o contribuie efectiv la cretereacompetitivitii teritoriului.Creterea vizibilitii mecanismelor instituionale

care permit definirea valorii adugate a strategiilorcomunitare asupra regiunilor aduce n joc ceteniii contribuie la ncurajarea politicilor europene pusen oper la nivel local. n acest mod, toatesubiectele unei viitoare federalizri a spaiuluieuropean sunt afectate de problemele i dificultilepersistente ale eficacitii i valabilitii unui scopatt de ambiios.Faza actual a integrrii europene va reprezenta unmoment decisiv n elaborarea procedurilor caretrebuie s permit perceperea perspectiveieuropene, mprtit ex aequo de ctre toieuropenii. Marea majoritate a specialitilor nconstrucia european constat: aceast perioad apermis promovarea unei importante socializrieuropene, mai cu seam fa de noile ri sosite nUniune.Cu toate acestea, lrgirea ctre Est nu va fi cauzaterminrii procesului de integrare europeanantamat, n anii 50 la Paris i Roma. Parteneriinotri din centrul i din estul Europei, nu suntfavorabili fa de noile mari proiecte federaliste dininteriorul Uniunii Europene, dar poziiile lorpolitice variate reflect situaii i interese; acestlucru dovedete susceptibilitatea lor de a participala proiecte de cooperare fie i temporare, daradecvate fiecreia dintre problemele importante.

lEurope communautaire classique. Entre ceprocessus dlargissement et lavenir de la rgioneuropenne, est construite, donc, une relationstructure autour de trois concepts majeurs. Ces axespourraient, dailleurs, tre considrs comme les

meilleurs instruments didentification de la notion dergion dans le langage communautaire.La poursuite de la politique de cohsion de l'Unioneuropenne, inspire par la nouvelle stratgie adopte Lisbonne et Gteborg, semble favoriser lacroissance et la comptitivit communautaires futuresdans toutes les parties de l'Europe. Le mcanisme misen place facilite l'laboration de projets auxquelspourraient participer deux ou plusieurs rgions dans ledomaine des actions qui apportent une contributioneffective l'accroissement de la comptitivit du

territoire.Le renforcement de la visibilit des mcanismesinstitutionnels qui permettent de dfinir la valeurajoute des stratgies communautaires auprs desrgions mettent en jeu les citoyens et contribuent encourager les politiques europennes mises en uvreau niveau local. De cette manire, tous les sujetsdune prochaine fdralisation de lespace europensont affects par les problmes et les difficultspersistants de leffectivit et de la viabilit dun telbut ambitieux.La phase actuelle de lintgration europenne sera unmoment dcisif dans llaboration de procdures quidoivent permettre la perception de la perspectiveeuropenne, partage ex aequopar tous les europens.La grande majorit de spcialistes sur la constructioneuropenne le constatent : cette priode a permis lapromotion dune socialisation europenne importantevis--vis surtout des nouveaux venus lUnion.Pourtant, llargissement lEst ne sera pas, la causede la terminaison du processus dintgrationeuropenne entam, dans les annes 50, Paris et Rome. Nos partenaires du centre et de lest europensne sont pas favorables de nouveaux grands projetsfdrateurs au sein de lUnion europenne, mais leurspositions politiques varies refltent des situations etdes intrts ; cela donc tmoigne de leursusceptibilit de participer des schmas decoopration parfois temporaires, mais adquates chacune des questions importantes.


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Drepturile i libertile fundamentale aleomului n ordinea de drept a Uniunii Europene

Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms in theEuropean Unions Legal Order

Emil Blan, SNSPA, Romnia Emil Blan, SNSPA, RomaniaStringenta actualitate a discuiei asupra drepturilori libertilor fundamentale const n legtura

inseparabil a problematicii cu cerina edificrii iconsolidrii statului de drept ca model n procesuldecizional pe plan politic i social.Convenia European a Drepturilor Omului iLibertilor Fundamentale din 4 nov. 1950, precumi tradiiile constituional comune ale statelormembre UE constituie garanii ale recunoaterii irespectrii acestor valori i principii.n preambulul Tratatului Constituional seprecizeaz faptul c Uniunea European este ocomunitate de valori, care se ntemeiaz pe

demnitatea omului, pe libertate, egalitate isolidaritate, bazndu-se pe principiile democraiei istatului de drept .n procesul de asigurare a respectrii drepturilorfundamentale sunt angajate att structurilecomunitare, ct i Statele Membre U.E. careimplementeaz dreptul comunitar i l pun nexecutare n plan administrativ. Din acest punct devedere, pentru instituiile naionale aceastanseamn c ele snt supuse unei duble obligaii nprivina drepturilor fundamentale, i anume

decurgnd din dreptul statului respectiv i dindreptul comunitari avnd ca efect pe termen lungconsolidarea acestui proces .

The pressing present-day issue of the discussion onfundamental rights and freedoms consists in the

inseparable link of the topic with the demand to buildand consolidate the state of law as a model in thedecisional process on the political and social level.The European Convention of Fundamental HumanRights and Freedoms on November 4th, 1950, as wellas the common constitutional traditions of the EUMember States constitute guarantees of therecognition and the observance of these values andprinciples.In the preamble of the Constitutional Treaty it isindicated the fact that the European Union is a

community of values, grounded on the dignity ofman, on freedom, equality and solidarity, basing itselfon the principles of democracy and the state of law.In the process of ensuring the observance of thefundamental rights there are committed both thecommunitarian structures, and the EU Member States,which implement Community law and apply them onthe administrative level. From this point of view, forthe national institutions this means that they aresubject to a double obligation in the matter of thefundamental rights, namely, deriving from the law of

the respective state and from the Community law,having on long term as effect the consolidation of thisprocess.

Aspecte istorice i metodologice ale nelegeriijustiiei ca principiu al administraiei publice

Historical and Methodological Aspects ofUnderstanding of Justice as a Principle of Public

AdministrationNatalyia Shevchenko, Academia Naional de

Administraie Public, Kiev, UcrainaNatalyia Shevchenko, National Academy of the

Public Administration, Kiev, UkrainePrima interpretare a justiiei n istoria

contiinei publice a fost legat de caracterulindiscutabil al normelor alinierii primitive. Aici

justiia a fost neleas ca urmarea simpl a ordiniigeneral acceptate. n practica social o astfel denelegere a justiiei avea un sens negativ, depedeaps pentru nclcarea unei norme generale.

O nelegere mai dificil, pozitiv a justiiei,care se refer la parcelele de teren ale oamenilor,apare n perioada separrii indivizilor de familie. La

The First in history of public consciousness ofunderstanding of justice was linked withindisputability of norms of primitive line-up. Here

justice was understood as the simple following to thegenerally accepted order. In this sensecharacteristically, that, for example, an ancient Greekword and proper our word justice, meant aconsuetude, mode of life only. In social practicesuch understanding of justice had negative sense, is arequirement of punishment for violation of general


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nceput, marcheaz n primul rnd egalitatea tuturoroamenilor n utilizarea facilitilori drepturilor. Anceput s se fac o distincie ntre justiie iegalitate.

Faimosul filosof grec, Aristotel, considera

c justiia nseamn, pe de o parte, egalitate pentruegali, i, pe de alt parte, inegalitate pentru inegali.Mai exact, Aristotel a mprit justiia n echitabili distributiv, artnd c un tip special de justiieapare n distribuirea onorurilor, banilor i tot ceeace se poate mpri ntre oamenii care fac parte dinsocietate. Astfel, Aristotel a formulat cu succes oteorie fundamental pentru nelegerea modern acontradiciei dintre ideea de egalitate n justiie iideea de merit i demnitate, ceea ce presupunerecunoaterea inegalitii sociale.

n Evul Mediu, egalitatea ca baz a justiieia fost recunoscut limitat.Noua nelegere european a justiiei a fost

legat de formarea noii imagini a omului. Omul anceput s fie privit ca individ independent caredeine drepturi inalienabile i i poate controla ireglementa conduita n societate pe baza unornorme.

Astfel, ideea de justiie presupune (chiar caideal pe care trebuie s-l atingem) asigurarea, pe deo parte, a egalitii tuturor indivizilor n realizareadrepturilor lor inalienabile i, pe de alt parte, aposibilitilor de realizare personal fr a aduceprejudicii altor membri ai societii. Afirmareadrepturilor inalienabile ale omului a permisextinderea considerabil a sferei de aciune ajustiiei i dezvoltarea mecanismelor prin careaceasta se poate realiza.

nelegerea justiiei se cristalizeaz nperioada modern, cnd au aprut teoriile acorduluipublic. Teoriile acordului public separ statul cainstituie politici juridic de societate. Din punctde vedere moral, prioritatea justiiei nseamn cvaloarea legii morale nu const n aceea c ea esteesenial pentru atingerea unui scop sau ntrupareaunor aspiraii. Dimpotriv, ea reprezint un scop nsine.nelegerea parial public a justiiei devine stabilitferm n timpuri noi, aprnd n principal n teoriileacordului public. Teoriile acordului public separ

norm.More difficult, more positive understanding of

justice which includes the parcel of land of peopleblessings arises up in the period of selection ofindividuals from family. At first it marks mainly

equality of all of people in using facilities of life andby rights. However, with the origin of peculiar andinequality it is begun to distinguish justice fromsimple equality, plugging in it differences in positionof people in obedience to their dignities.

The famous Greek philosopher, Aristotleconsidered that justice meant, from one side, equalityfor even, and, from other side, is inequality forunequal. Exactly Aristotle first divided justice evenand distributive, marking that one type of the specialjustice appears in the division of honors, or money, or

in general all of that, which can part between peoplewhich take part in the known society (here can be oneeven and unequal parcel of land before other). Otherkind it appears in equalization of that which makesthe article of exchange. Therefore Aristotle succeededto be formulated fundamental for the modernunderstanding of justice contradiction between theidea of equality and idea of merits and dignity whichassumes confession of social inequality andproportion of gratitude.

It got differentiating of equality andproportion the development in the socially legal mindof Middle ages and New time. Equality as basis ofjustice was acknowledged here limitedly, that in somecertain relation.

Forming of the new European understandingof justice was linked with forming of new picture ofman. A man here began to be examined as anindependent individual which owns inalienable rightsand able independently to control and regulate theconduct in society on the basis of some meaningfulnorms.

Thus, the idea of justice assumes (even as anideal to which it follows to aim) providing, from oneside, to equality of all of individuals in realization ofthem inalienable rights, and, from other side,possibilities of social self-realization each without aloss for other members of society and proportion ofpublic estimations and requital for this self-realization. Confession of inalienable rights for a man


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statul ca instituie politic i legal de societate,declarndu-l crearea voinei poporului. Din punctde vedere moral al acestei perioade, prioritateajustiiei nseamn urmtoarele: valoarea legiimorale nu const n faptul c este instrumental n

realizarea unui scop sau ntruchiparea unor aspiraiide via care sunt considerate binecuvntate.Contrar, reprezint un scop n sine, care este dattuturor celorlalte eluri i este relevant n relaie cuprincipiile reglementare. n opinia lui Kant,prioritatea justiiei ntr-o relaie moral este posibil(i necesar) prin prioritatea fundamentelor sale.Justiia este mai mult dect una a valorilor, elenscndu-se n mod independent.

Printre teoreticienii ultimelor decenii careau examinat aceast problem, John Rawles a

propus un model de nelegere a justiiei ca ocategorie politic i social, dar nu formal legal.Dintre toate instituiile sistemului politic i social,justiia ocup un loc prioritari reprezint n sine ovaloare absolut. Justiia este o importantproblem filosofic i public, care are o valoarespecial pentru filosofia i teoria statului idreptului. Justiia este un ideal al vieii societii i,prin urmare, statul i dreptul sunt prile salecomponente. Un aspect important al problemeijustiiei este acela al funcionrii normale ainstituiilor democratice.

allowed considerably to extend the sphere of action ofjustice and successfully to develop the mechanisms ofits realization.

The publicly-convectional understanding ofjustice becomes firmly established in New time, that

foremost appeared in the theories of publicagreement. The theories of public agreement separatethe state as political and legal institute from society,declare him creations of will of people. From point ofmoral grounds of this period priority of justice meansthe following: the value of moral law consists not inthat he is instrumental in achievement of somepurpose or embodiment in life of some aspirationswhich are considered blessing. Opposite, he is apurpose in itself, which is given to all of other aimsand comes forward in relation to them regulative

principle. From the Kant point of view, priority ofjustice in a moral relation is possible (and necessary)through priority of its grounds. Justice - it somethinggreater, than simply one of values, as its principleshatch independently.

From the theorists of the last decades whichexamined this problem, most popularity John Rawlzpurchased: a model is his understanding of justice as acategory political and social, but not formal legal.From all of aims of institutes of the political and legalsystem of society justice occupies a priority place andshows by itself an absolute value which can not bebrought to the victim presentation of its efficiency.Justice is a major philosophical and public problemwhich has the special value for philosophy and theoryof the state and right. Justice is an ideal of life ofsociety, and, consequently the state and right as hiscomponent parts. A wide consent on the question ofjustice is one of normal operating of democraticinstitutes conditions.

Intervenii: Interventions:Ecologizarea i ecologo-politizarea diferitelor

niveluri ale societii sunt garania dezvoltrii desucces a societii civilizate n noile stateindependente

Ecologization and Ecologo-politization of

Different Strata of Society is the Guarantee ofSuccessful Development of Civilized Society inNewly Independent Countries

Telman Zeynalov, Centrul Naional de Previziunen domeniul Mediului, Baku, Azerbaijan

Telman Zeynalov, National Center of EnvironmentalForecasting, Baku, Azerbaijan


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Dezvoltarea democratizrii n noile stateindependente, n spiritul bunei vecinti, depinden totalitate de ecologizarea tuturor nivelurilorsocietii. Efectuarea periodic a reformelor rapidei terapia de oc n energie i n alte domenii, fr a

lua n considerare poziia real sociali ecologica populaiei din noile state independente rezult nconsecine negative majore. Unele niveluri alesocietii devin excesiv de bogate, n dauna altora.Corupia n straturile cele mai de sus ale structurilorstatului se dezvolt rapid. Toi factorii numiipromoveaz distrugerea tineretului existent, asocietii civile care nc nu este suficient deputernic n noile state independente. Metodeleoferite de noi sunt capabile s ecologizeze i spolitizeze-ecologic toate straturile societii i s

ntreasc sistemul democratic n noile stateindependente n dezvoltare, n spiritul buneivecinti n spaiul eurasiatic.

Development of democratization in the newlyindependent states, in spirit of good neighbourliness,completely depends on ecologization of all strata ofsociety. Periodic carrying out of rash reforms and ashock therapy in energy and other spheres, without

taking into account real social and ecological positionof the population in the newly independent statesresults in big negative consequences. One layers ofsociety excessively grow rich on account of others.The corruption in the supreme layers of statestructures develops rapidly. All worded factorspromote destruction of existing young, yet not strongenough civil society in the newly independent states.The methods offered by us are capable ecologize andecologo-politize all strata of society and to strengthendemocratic system in developing newly independent

states in spirit of good neighbourliness in the Eurasianspace.

Serviciile publice comunitare de eviden apersoanelor n pragul europenizrii

Community Public Services for People Registryfacing Europeanization

Renata - Mihaela Marin, Direcia local deeviden a persoanelor, Iai, Romnia

Renata - Mihaela Marin, Local Direction for PeopleRegistry, Iai, Romania

Integrarea Romniei n UniuneaEuropean a fost un pas mic pentru UniuneaEuropean, dar un pas uria pentru Romnia.Afost un pas uria deoarece a fost necesar s srim

peste 40 de ani de sistem comunist i s ntrunimcondiiile unei democraii autentice.Acest pas a impus n principal

armonizarea att a cadrului legislativ i instituionalromnesc cu cel al Uniunii Europene ct ireformarea tuturor sistemelor din Romnia. ncadrul reformei administraiei publice centrale ilocale din Romnia n baza cerinelor UniuniiEuropene au fost adoptate o serie de msuri care auavut ca obiectiv demilitarizarea i reorganizareaactivitii de eviden a persoanelor n subordineaadministraiei publice locale prin crearea Serviciilorpublice comunitare de eviden a persoanelor.

Astfel, prin Ordonana de Guvern nr.84/2001 au fost nfiinate n subordinea consiliilorlocale, consiliilor judeene, consiliilor de sectori aConsiliului General al Municipiului Bucuretiservicii publice locale de eviden a persoanelorprin reorganizarea serviciilor de eviden a

The integration of Romania in the European Unionwas a small step for European Union, but a huge onefor Romania. It was a huge because we had tojump over 40 years of communist system till an

authentic democracy system.This step asked mainly for harmonization ofthe Romanian legislative and institutional system withthat existing in the European Union but also for areform of all the Romanian systems. The reform ofthe Romanian local and central public administrationsystem adopted a series of measures fordemilitarization and reorganization of citizensevidence activity in the local public administrationsubordination as Local Public Services for CitizensEvidence.

So through the Governmental Decree 84/2001were set up local public services for citizens evidencesubordinated to the local, county, department andBucharest General council base don thereorganization of the citizens evidence and civilregisters services. From juridical point of view, theseservices are a special presence on local publicservices market in Romania deserving a short


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persoanelor i a serviciilor de stare civil. Dinpunct de vedere juridic, aceste servicii sunt oprezen inedit pe piaa serviciilor publice deinteres local din Romnia, ceea ce justific o scurtincursiune n procesul de organizare i funcionare

al acestora.

overview of their organizational and functionalprocess.

Etica n administraia public-cerin pentrurealizarea unei administraii publice specifice

secolului XXI

Ethics in Public Administration Conditions forAchieving a Public Administration in the 21st

CenturyTeodor Drago Troan Rebeles, SNSPA,

Bucureti, RomniaTeodor Drago Troan Rebeles, SNSPA,

Bucharest, RomaniaSpaiul Administrativ European, spaiu caracterizatde existena unor principii comune (ncredere,previzibilitate; deschidere i transparen;responsabilitate; eficien i eficacitate), trebuie sfie un spaiu n care aceste principii sunt ntlnite n

practica administrativ de zi cu zi a StatelorMembre trebuie s fie un spaiu care promoveazun comportament etic i integru att n interiorulstructurilor administrative ct i n relaiile dintreadministraie i cetenii.Din considerente ce in de importana promovriiunui spaiu administrativ european n care valorilefundamentale sunt respectate, aceast lucrare aducen discuie aspecte noi specifice domeniului nostrude activitate, urmrind n principal s prezinteimportana i efectele n cazul dezvoltrii unui

spaiu public - etic i integru prin promovarea nprincipal a eticii n administraia public.Lucrarea va dezvolta noi concepte promovate peplan internaional ca de exemplu - etica nadministraia public, management etic, leadershipetic, standarde i comportament etic i deasemenea va ncerca s proiecteze cteva dintrecaracteristicile i principiile pe care un nou tip deadministraie public specific sec. XXI, modern,eficient, capabil s respecte i s promovezeinteresele i drepturile cetenilor.

The European Administrative Space characterized bythe existence of common principles must be a publicspace that respects principles like lawfulness,openness, transparency, efficiency and effectivenessin the daily administrative practice of the Member

States and also it must be promoting an ethical andfair conduct inside the administrative structures and inthe relations between public administration andcitizens.Regarding considerations that may promote aEuropean Administrative Space in which thefundamental values are respected, this paper willdiscuss new aspects specific to our field of study,presenting the importance and the effects related tothe development of an ethic and fair public space bypromoting ethics in public administration.

The paper will develop new concepts promoted atinternational level as - ethics in public administration,ethical management and leadership, ethical standardsand conduct and also it will try to project some of thecharacteristics and principles of a new type of publicadministration specific to the 21st century, modern,efficient, capable to respect and promote citizensinterests and rights.

Coordonate etice n administraia public

din

Romnia dup integrarea n UEEthical Coordinates for the Romanian Public

Administration after the EU accessionAdela Voicu, Universitatea Spiru Haret,

Constana, RomniaAdela Voicu, Spiru Haret University, Constana,

Romania(0). Ca stat de drept, n baza consensului politic,Romnia a realizat armonizarea administraieipublice cu Directivele U.E. prin implementarea

(0). As any state of law, on the basis of politicalconsensus, Romania achieved the harmonization of itspublic administration with the EU Directives, by


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unui sistem de de reforme i strategii specifice.(1). Strategiile reformei n administraie includadoptarea de noi reglementri legale privindstatutul funcionarilor publici avnd drept obiectiveprofesionalizarea acestora, prevenirea corupiei i

descentralizarea activitii instituiilor publice.(2.0.) Codul de conduit a funcionarilor publici(Legea nr.7/2004) asigur respectarea valorilor iprincipiilor constituionale i etice n activitilepublice.(2.1.) Etica profesional n administraia publicimplic armonizarea valorilor i normelorinstituionale cu cele morale individuale alefuncionarilor publici.(2.2.) Principiile Codului de conduit afuncionarilor publici din Romnia reflect

caracterul european al legislaiei romne.(3.0.) Restructurarea principiilor etice n actul deguvernare implic o abordare complex la nivelulautoritii ntruct aceste principii obiective trebuieasumate i aplicate n practic de ctre factoruluman, ceea ce determin un grad de relativsubiectivism i creeaz poteniale disfuncionalitin ceea ce privete coordonarea i controlulactivitii instituionale (Fukuzama, 2004).(3.1.) n prezent, contribuia eticii ca tiin laprofesionalizarea i eficiena instituional nadministraia public este evident, rezultatele uneicercetri desfurate de noi pe un eantionreprezentativ de funcionari publici dinadministraia public local fiind un argument nacest sens.

implementing a system of specific reforms andstrategies.(1). The strategies of reform in administration includethe adopting of new legal regulations regarding thestatute of the public servants, having as objectives

their professionalization, the prevention of corruptionand decentralization of the activity of the publicinstitutions.(2.0.). The Code of conduct of the public servants(Law no. 7/2004) ensures the observance of theconstitutional values and principles and ethics inpublic activities.(2.1.). The professional ethics in public administrationimplies harmonizing of the institutional values andnorms with the individual moral ones of the publicservants.

(2.2.). The principles of the Code of conduct of thepublic servants in Romania reflect the Europeancharacter of the Romanian legislation.(3.0.). The restructuring of the ethic principles in thegovernment act implies a complex approach at thelevel of authority, since these objective principlesmust be assumed and applied into practice by thehuman factor, which determines a degree of relativesubjectivism and creates potential irregularities withrespect to the coordination and control of theinstitutional activity (Fukuyama, 2004).(3.1.). In present, the contribution of ethics in theprofessionalization and institutional efficiency inpublic administration is obvious, the results of aresearch we developed on a representative sample ofpublic servants in the local public administrationbeing an argument in this sense.

Funcionarul vamal romn-funcionar publiceuropean

The Romanian Custom Officer European CivilServant

Florin Tudor, Universitatea Dunrea de Jos,Galai, Romnia

Florin Tudor, Dunrea de Jos University, Galai,Romania

Intervenind n primele linii, serviciilevamale vegheaz la execuia politicilor comunitaren majoritatea domeniilor legate de comerulinternaional.

Serviciile vamale fac cu greu fa astzidificilei sarcini de a gestiona un evantai tot mailrgit de atribuii i unui numr ridicat alcontroalelor comunitare ntr-un mediu al cruivolum, rapiditatea schimburilor internaionale, nu

Working in the first lines, the customsservices watch out for the execution of theCommunity policies in most fields related to theinternational trade.

The customs services cope with difficulty withthe task of administering an increasingly larger rangeof tasks and a high number of communitarian controlsin an environment whose volume, the rapidity ofinternational exchanges, does not cease growing.


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nceteaz s creasc.Din perspectiva aderrii la Uniunea

European, serviciile vamale din Romnia participla punerea n practic a regulilor comunitarereferitoare la schimburile exterioare, nu numai n

ceea ce privete aplicarea drepturilor vamale icomerciale, dar de asemenea i n ceea ce priveteprotecia mediului sau consumatorului, lupta contradumpingului sau msuri aplicabile bunurilorculturale i produselor agricole.

Recrutarea funcionarilor vamali nRomnia se face prin concurs organizat n limitafunciilor vacante prevzute anual n acest scop prinplanul de ocupare a funciilor publice. n structuravamal sunt astfel ncadrai funcionari de diferiteorientri profesionale, dar fr o pregtire

prealabil specific acestui domeniu complex deactivitate.Administraiile vamale europene dezvolt

programe de training funcie de tipul de activitate ide gradul agentului vamal vizat. Existresponsabilitate n programele de training care au natenie o tematic atent definit, un coninutcuprinztor dar concis al prelegerilor, teme pentrudizertaie.

Toate acestea sunt valori ctre care tindemi care ne situeaz n urma programelor de pregtireprofesional atent selecionate, cu pedagogi binepregtii, din rile membre ale UE.

From the perspective of the accession into theEuropean Union, the customs services in Romaniaparticipate to applying the Community rulesregarding outer exchanges, not only with respect toapplying the customs and commercial laws, but also

as far as the environmental or customer protection,the fight against dumping or measures applicable tocultural assets and agricultural products areconcerned.

Recruiting of customs officers in Romania isdone through competition, organized within the limitof the free positions established annually for thispurpose by the schedule for occupying publicfunctions. In the customs structure there are, thus,employed officers with different professionalorientations, but without a prior training specific for

this complex activity field.The European customs administrationsdevelop training programs, depending on the type ofactivity and rank of the customs agent in question.There is responsibility in the training programs thatfocus on a carefully defined subject field, acomprehensive but concise content of the lectures,dissertation paper.

All these are values towards which we aimand which locate us after carefully selectedprofessional training programs, with well-preparedteachers, from the EU Member States.

Benchmarking-ul n UE, cunoaterea iutilizarea lui n Romnia

The Benchmarking in EU and its Knowledge andPractice in Romania

Alexandra Cristescu, SNSPA, Bucureti, Romnia Alexandra Cristescu, SNSPA, Bucharest, Romania

Lucrarea prezint conceptul de benchmarking ievoluia acestuia de la analiza produselorconcureniale la benchmarking-ul concurenialrealizat prima oar de ctre Rank Xerox, labenchmarking.-ul de proces din anii 80 pn la celglobal n care sunt incluse i analizate diferenele

culturale dintre companii la nivel mondial.Benchmarking-ul este o tehnic specificmanagementului calitii. Ea const n evaluareaaprofundati analizarea n detaliu a procedurilorirezultatelor unei anumite organizaii considerat careferenial n scopul adoptrii bunelor practici aleacesteia i al obinerii unor rezultate la fel de bune

The paper presents the concept ofbenchmarking and its evolution, starting with theanalyze of the competing products to the competitorbenchmarking, achieved for the first time by RankXerox, to the process benchmarking from the 80s andto the global benchmarking which includes analyses

about the cultural differences between companies atworld level.Benchmarking is a specific technique of

quality management. This technique consists of aprofound evaluation and detailed analyse on theprocedures and results of a certain organizationconsidered as a reference with the goal of adopting its


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de ctre organizaiile care efectueazbenchmarking-ul. Este un proces de msurarecontinu i sistematic a activitilor uneiorganizaii cu organizaiile cele mai performante nlume n vederea obinerii informaiilor care vor

ajuta organizaia s ntreprind msuri pentrumbuntirea performanei.n lucrare mai sunt prezentate i cele 4 faze aleprocesului i anume: planificarea, strngereainformaiilor, analiza datelor i adaptarearezultatelor mpreun cu etapele pe care le coninefiecare faz.n ultima parte, a lucrrii este prezentat acestconcept la nivelul Uniunii Europene cu iniiativele,grupurile i instituiile create n aceste domeniuprecum i evoluia i necesitatea lui n Romnia.

good practices and achieving the same results forthe companies that achieve the benchmarking. It is aprocess of continuing and systematic measurement ofthe activities of an organization related to the mostcompetitive organizations in the world, with the goal

of achieving information able to help the organizationto undertake measures for the improving ofcompetitiveness.

In the paper there are also presented the fourphases of the process: planning, gathering theinformation, data analysis, and adjusting the resultsand the stages contained in each phase.

The final part of the paper presents thisconcept at the European Unions level, the initiatives,the groups and the institutions created in this field aswell as its evolution and its necessity in Romania.

SESIUNEA PLENAR2: PLENARY SESSION 2:ABORDRI INTERDISCIPLINARE ALEIMPACTULUI EUROPENIZRII ASUPRA

ADMINISTRAIEI PUBLICE (Prima parte)

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES OFTHE IMPACT OF EUROPEANIZATION ON

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Part 1)

Prezentri: Paper presentations:Europenizarea noi provocri la nivelul

managerial al sectorului public. Studiu de cazdanez

Europeanization New Challenges to theManagement Level in the Public Sector. A Danish

Case StudyPalle Damkajer, PD Consult, Aalborg, Danemarca Palle Damkajer, PD Consult, Aalborg, Denmark

Danemarca n schimbare situaia n 2007n discursul pe care l-am inut la seminarulTransparen i participare. Pentru o guvernaremai aproape de cetean din decembie 2005(Bucureti) am vorbit despre faptul c sectorulpublic danez urma s fie restructurat n 2006, astfelnct actualele 14 districte vor fi nlocuite cu 5regiuni i cele 271 de municipaliti vor fi nlocuitecu 98 municipaliti noi. La nceputul anului 2007n Danemarca a avut loc cel mai mare proces detransformare a sectorului public. Noua structur

funcioneaz n prezent, iar guvernele noilor regiunii municipaliti sunt deja n funcie. Este evidentfaptul c un astfel de proces de transformare va fi omare provocare pentru cei ce lucreaz n sectorulpublic i nu una fr probleme.Unul din lucrurile ce a devenit vizibil este c omare parte a managerilor din sectorul public nu are

The changing Denmark status 2007In my speech at the seminar Transparency andParticipation: Making Governance more Citizen Friendly in December 2005 in Bucharest I spokeabout the fact that the Danish public sector would berestructured in 2006 so that the present 14 countieswould be replaced by 5 regions and the present 271municipalities would be replaced by 98 newmunicipalities. At the beginning of 2007 Denmarkhas passed the biggest transformation process ever inthe public sector. The new structure is now working

and the governments for the new regions andmunicipalities have been appointed. It is obvious thatsuch a transformation process will be a big challengefor the people working in the public sector and notunproblematic.One of the things that have become visible is that agreat part of the managers in the public sector lack the


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competenele manageriale necesare n noilestructuri. Cel puin n municipaliti, unitileconsiderabil mari pun presiuni serioase asupramanagerilor cu privire la diverse probleme attnaionale, ct i internaionale.

UE i municipalitile o influen europeanmai mareMulte din iniiativele UE vor influena muncazilnic din cadrul municipalitilor. Exist doumotive n acest sens. n primul rnd,municipalitile daneze au mai multeresponsabiliti i vor trebui s abordeze i altesectoare precum sntatea, piaa muncii, educaia.a.n al doilea rnd, instituiile UE (Comisia iParlamentul) au nceput s i ndrepte atenia i

spre sectoare n care nainte decidea doar statulnaiune. n urmtorii ani, instituiile UE vor screeze condiii mai omogene n rile UE, pentru caacestea s fie mai competitive n raport cu SUA,China, India .a.Multe dintre domeniile politice asupra crora UE seconcentreaz pot fi gsite n portofoliul de sarcini almunicipalitilor. Exemple ar fi: piaa muncii,mediu, politicile sociale i educaia. Aadar,municipalitaile sunt cele care vor trebui simplementeze att legislaia UE, ct i iniiativelecare vin prin aa-zisa metod deschis decoordonare, n care statele membre i stabilescinte comune pentru a fi implementate ntr-o ar.Aceste solicitri cad n sarcina politicienilor i afuncionarilor publici, care trebuie s tie cum UEinflueneaz municipalitile i cum municipalitilepot influena cooperarea UE astfel nct deciziile sfie armonizate cu munca zilnic din cadrulmunicipalitilor. Astfel, ar putea fi interesant sobservm diversele abordri ale europenizrii, carealctuiesc fundalul proceselori influena pe care oau asupra comportamentului din cadrulmunicipalitilor.3 abordri ale europenizrii

1. O abordare bazat pe cerere, n care UEadreseaz directive i regulamente careTREBUIE s fie urmate de ctre fiecarear. Un exemplu n acest sens este cel alnegocierilor pe care noile state membre

management competences needed in the newstructure. Not least in the municipalities theconsiderably bigger units put heavier demands on themanagers as regards both national and internationalmatters.

EU and the municipalities a bigger influencefrom EuropeMany of the initiatives taken in the EU will influencethe daily work in the municipalities. This is primarilydue to two things. Firstly the Danish municipalitieshave got more responsibilities and will have to dealwith new areas in e.g. health, labour market,education etc.Secondly the EU institutions (The Commission andthe Parliament) have begun to focus on areas where itearlier only was the nation state that could decide.

These years EUs institutions want to create morehomogeneous conditions in the EU countries so thatthey will be more competitive in relation to USA,China, India etc.Many of the politic fields that the EU focuses on canbe found in the portfolio of tasks in themunicipalities. Examples are labour market,environment, social politics and education. It is thusthe municipalities that will have to implement the EUlegislation as well as the initiatives that come fromthe so-called open coordination method where themember states set up common goals to beimplemented in the single country.This puts heavy demands on the politicians and thecivil servants who need to know how the EUinfluences the municipalities and not least how themunicipalities can influence the EU-cooperation in away where the decisions are in harmony with theeveryday work in the municipalities. Therefore, itmight be interesting to look at the differentapproaches to Europeanization that form thebackground of the processes and their influence onthe behaviour in the municipalities.3 approaches to Europeanization

1. A demand based approach, where EUaddresses directives and regulations that thesingle country MUST follow. An example ofthis is the negotiations that the new memberstates have been going through where theyhave been forced to accept the EU Charter.


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le-au purtat i n care au fost forate saccepte Carta UE. ( Legea grea)

2. O abordare bazat pe idee, n care nu existcereri, ci doar o nelegere comun ntrestatele membre cu privire la corectitudinea

unei anumite organizri sau conduit a uneisarcini. Bineneles c aceasta nu nseamnc metoda este cea corect, ci doar cexist un consens cu privire la ea. (Legeablnd)

3. O abordare economic ascendent, n caremembrii creaz indirect, prin structuri istimulente economice de la UE, doritaeuropenizare, fr a face n mod directregulamente detaliate sau cereri. (Legeabenevol)

Ultima - abordarea de jos n sus este probabil ceamai puin cunoscut, ns n practic ea este ceamai important, deoarece, n acest model,funcionarii publici i politicienii locali dezvoltsoluii adecvate armonizate cu societateanconjurtoare, influenat indirect de UE. Estenevoie astfel de manageri inovatori i cu orientriinternaionale ntr-o msur mult mai mare dectcea de pn acum din Danemarca. Este o problemamplu dezbtut la ora actual n Danemarca!

(Hard law)2. An idea based approach, where there are no

demands but a common understanding in themember states that a certain organisation orconduct of a task will be the correct one. Of

course this does not imply that this is theright method, but that there is a jointconsensus about the method. (Soft law)

3. An economy based bottom-up approach,where the members via structures andeconomic incentives from the EU indirectlycreate the desired Europeanization withoutdirectly making detailed regulations ordemands. (Voluntary law)

The last one the bottom-up approach is maybe theleast known but in practice the most important one

because in this model the civil servants and the localpoliticians develop appropriate solutions in harmonywith the surrounding society indirectly influenced bythe EU. This requires innovative and internationallyoriented managers to a far higher degree than seenbefore in Denmark. A problem very much in focus inDenmark for the time being!

Clauza social n relaiile comerciale ale

statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene

The Social Clause in the Commercial Relations of

the EU Member StatesAndrei Popescu, SNSPA, Bucureti, Romnia Andrei Popescu, SNSPA, Bucharest, RomaniaProblema clauzei sociale a fost abordat n cadrulAcordului general pentru Tarife i Comer (GATT)i, ulterior, Organizaia Mondial a Comerului(OMC) discuiile au fost ample i nu s-au soldat cuvreun rezultat concret. n esen, se inteniona ca nacordurile de comer s se introduc o clauz(social) care s condiioneze derularea unor acte decomer de respectarea normelor minime prescrise deOrganizaia Internaional a Muncii. Problema a fost

declanat de faptul c unele ri n curs dedezvoltare se suspectau reciproc de nerespectareanormelor Organizaiei Internaionale a Muncii,crendu-i un avantaj determinant pentru vnzareaproduselor lor, finanndu-i astfel dezvoltareaeconomic prin limitarea drepturilor lucrtorilor.

Rezistena politic la implementarea unei asemenea

The social clause issue was approached within theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and,subsequently, extensive talks but with no actual resultook place in the World Trade Organisation. Basically,he intention was to introduce in the trade agreements a

(social) clause guaranteeing that the commercialactivity would be carried out while observing theminimum standards prescribed by the InternationalLabour Organisation. This problem occurred because

certain developing countries suspected each other ofon-complying with the standards of the InternationalLabour Organisation, this way benefiting from adecisive advantage when selling their products andfinancing their economic development at the expenseand in detriment of their workers rights.The political resistance to the implementation of such


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clauze i problemele tehnice au determinat, ntretimp, ri ca SUA sau organizaii regionale caUniunea European s adopte soluii de rezerv.Astfel, SUA a introdus n relaiile sale cu rile dinzona Caraibe i, ulterior, cu rile andine i africane

clauze prin care acestea se angajau la respectareadrepturilor minime ale lucrtorilor. ExemplulSUA a fost urmat i de Canada.Uniunea European, pe de alt parte, prin

acordurile sale de comer cu rile din Africa,Caraibe i Pacific a condiionat relaiile comercialeprefereniale de respectarea drepturilori libertilorfundamentale ale omului, inclusiv drepturile socialefundamentale i existena statului de drept.

Organizaia Internaional a Muncii la rndul ei,pentru a rspunde acestei probleme, a adoptat

Declaraia din 1998 relativ la libertile i drepturilen munc, document care reprezint n fapt poziiaOIM relativ la clauza social.Discuia legat de clauza social n relaiile

comerciale dintre state rmne ns deschisinclusiv unei abordri teoretice.

a clause and the technical problems made countriessuch as the United States of America or regionalorganisations like the European Union to adoptbackup plans. Thus, the United States introduced inits relations with Caribbean countries and, later on,

ith Andine and African countries clauses stipulatinghat those countries should commit themselves torespect the workers minimum rights. The UnitedStates example was followed by Canada.On the other hand, the European Union concludedrade agreements with African, Caribbean and Pacific

countries, providing for preferential commercialelations on the condition that those countries shouldespect human rights and fundamental freedoms,

including the fundamental social rights and the state oflaw. As an answer to this question, the International

Labour Organisation adopted the 1998 Declaration onfundamental principles and rights at work, a documenthich actually reflects the ILO standpoint relating to

he social clause.The debate concerning the social clause in therade relations between the states is still open even

for a theoretical approach.Europenizarea finanelor publice naionale Europeanization of National Public Finances

Nico Groenendijk, Universitatea Twente, Twente,Olanda

Nico Groenendijk, University of Twente, Twente,The Netherlands

Administraiile publice ale statelor membre UE nu

mai sunt sisteme naionale nchise. Ele sunt tot maimult influenate de ceea ce se ntmpl la nivelinternaional. Ceea ce este valabil pentruadministraiile publice n general, este valabil ipentru sistemele naionale de finane publice.Prezenta lucrare se ocup de impactul europenizriiasupra acestor sisteme naionale ale finanelorpublice. Ea i propune s prezinte pe largfenomenul multilateral al europenizrii pentru oanumit parte a administraiei publice. Astfel,lucrarea are o structur predominant descriptiv.

Lucrarea este structurat dup cum urmeaz. nseciunea a doua este prezentat pe scurt literaturacu privire la europenizare. Pornind de la definiiileanterioare, definim europenizarea ca set de proceseprin care trsturile europene comune suntdiseminate prin sistemul de guvernare european,structurat pe mai multe niveluri. n aceast privin,

The public administrations of EU member states are

no longer closed national systems. Increasingly theyare influenced by what is happening on theinternational level. What goes for publicadministrations at large also goes for national publicfinancial systems. This paper deals with the impact ofEuropeanization on these national public financialsystems. It aims at broadly outlining (mapping) themany-sided phenomenon of Europeanization for aparticular part of public administration. As such thepaper is of a predominantly descriptive nature.

The paper is structured as follows. In section two abrief overview is given of the literature onEuropeanization. Building on earlier definitions wedefine Europeanization as a set of processes throughwhich common European features spread through theEuropean multi-level governance system. In thatregard it is useful to analytically- distinguish


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este util s facem o distincie analitic ntre treiprocese de europenizare. n primul rnd, esteprocesul de jos n sus, prin care administraia iguvernarea UE se realizeaz i sunt influenate detradiiile i practicile naionale. n al doilea rnd,

exist un proces de sus n jos, prin care UE (caorgan administrativ cu diferite moduri deguvernare) influeneaz administraiile naionale,regionale i locale. n al treilea rnd, exist procesulorizontal prin care administraiile i guvernarea(naionale) au un impact reciproc, n parte carezultat al imitaiei ntr-un context al competiieidintre sisteme, n parte ca rezultat al nvrii itransferului de politici.n seciunea a treia, sunt descrise pe scurtprincipalele elemente ale sistemelor naionale de

finane publice. Cele cinci elemente principaleprivesc puterea de impozitare, aspectele procesuluibugetar public, administrarea fiscal, politica idisciplina fiscal i (des)centralizarea fiscal ncadrul statelor naiune.Seciunile 4, 5 i 6 se concentreaz asupraproceselor de europenizare care au un impactasupra acestor cinci elemente principale.Seciunea a aptea conine concluziile.

between three sub-processes of Europeanization. Firstthere is the bottom-up process by which EUadministration and governance is realised andinfluenced by national traditions and practices.Secondly, there is the top-down process by which the

EU (as an administrative body with its various modesof governance) influences national, regional and localadministrations. Thirdly, there is the horizontalprocess by which (national) administrations andgovernance have an impact on one another, partly as aresult of mimicry within a context of systemscompetition, partly as a result of policy learning andpolicy transfer.In section three the main elements of national publicfinancial systems are briefly described. The five mainelements concern the power to tax, issues of public

budgeting, fiscal administration, fiscal policy &discipline, and fiscal (de)centralization within nationstates.Sections four, five and six focus on the respectiveEuropeanization sub-processes that have an impact onthese five main elements.Section seven concludes.

Reforma administraiei publice nRepublica Moldova

n contextul integrrii europene

Public Administration Reform in Republic ofMoldova in European Integration Context

Tatiana aptefrai, Academia de AdministraiePublic, Chiinu, Republica Moldova

Tatiana aptefrai, Academy of PublicAdministration, Chiinu, Republic of Moldova

Dorina Republicii Moldova de a devenimembr UE atribuie noi sarcini sistemuluiadministraiei publice. Astfel, nu numai reformasectorului public a devenit o prioritate, ci infiinarea unui nou sistem al administraieipublice, modern, responsabil, previzibil itransparent un sistem care s nu poat fi atins decorupie constituie de asemenea o prioritate.

Acest sistem va putea consolida proceseledemocratice din ara noastr. De asemenea, el va fiimparial i eliberat de orice ingerin a politiculuii va funciona pe baza unei avansate practicieuropene. Strategia de reform a administraieipublice se concentreaz n primul rnd asupraperfecionrii guvernrii politice i economice,

Republic of Moldovas desire of becoming anEU member assigns new tasks to the publicadministration system. Thus, not only the publicsector reform became a priority, but the establishmentof a new, modern, accountable, predictable andtransparent public administration system - a systemwhich cannot be touched by the corruption - is apriority as well. This system will be able to

consolidate the democratic processes in our country.It will also be impartial and freed from any politicalinterference, and which will function on advancedEuropean practice basis. The public administrationreform strategy is primarily focused on: improvementof political and economic governance, private sectordevelopment, the re-establishment of the public


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dezvoltrii sectorului privat, restabilirii roluluiadministraiei publice, pentru a se asigura oadministraie eficace.

Principiile de baz ale reformei administraieipublice sunt urmtoarele:

-

definirea clar a rolului i funciilor de bazale autoritilor administraiei publice;- consolidarea proceselor de descentralizare

fiscali administrativ;- managementul eficace al resurselor, pentru

a se evita paralelismul i suprapunereafunciilor n sistemul administraiei publice,precum i ntre sectorul public i cel privat;

- utilizarea raional a resurselor financiare iperfecionarea managementului acestoraprin atribuirea lor ctre zonele prioritare;

-

abordarea unic a elementelor reformeifuncionale, structurale i organizaionale aautoritilor administraiei publice;

- nfiinarea unui sistem de salarizare care spermit recrutarea i dezvoltarea topmanagementului i a unui personal cu naltcalificare;

- delimitarea funciilor politice de celeadministrative n cadrul sistemuluiadministraiei publice;

- armonizarea standardelor administraieipublice cu cele ale UE.

Obiectivul integrrii europene, ca principalprioritate politic, este promovat de GuvernulRepublicii Moldova prin implementarea Planuluide Aciune Uniunea Europen RepublicaMoldova, precum i prin Planul Naional deImplementare a Programului, care se bazeaz pepoliticile de integrare. Astfel, procesele de integrareeuropean vor domina agenda optimizriiinstituionale i funcionale a structuriloradministraiei n urmtorii 7 10 ani.

Pentru construirea unui sistem modern aladministraiei publice n Republica Moldova,cunoaterea sistemelor strine este absolutnecesar. Astfel, ar trebui s se pun accent nprimul rnd pe studierea experienei vecinilornotri, n special a Romniei, o ar cu care avemmulte lucruri n comun.

administration role, in order to ensure effectiveadministration.

These are basic principles of the publicadministration reform:

- clear definition of the basic role and functionsof public administration authorities;- consolidation of the fiscal and administrativede-centralization processes;

- effective resource management, in order toavoid parallelism and overlapping of functionsin the public administration system, as well asbetween the public and private sector.

- rational use of financial resources andimprovement of their management bytargeting them to priority areas;

- unique approach to the elements of functional,structural, and organizational reform of publicadministration authorities;

- establishment of a pay system enabling therecruitment and development of topmanagement and highly qualified staff;

- delimitation of political functions fromadministrative functions within the publicadministration system;

- harmonization of public administrationstandards with EU ones.

The European integration objective, as a toppolicy priority, is promoted by the Government ofRepublic of Moldova, through the implementation ofthe European Union Republic of Moldova ActionPlan, as well as through the National Plan ofPrograms Implementation, which are based onintegration policies. Thus, the European integrationprocess will dominate the agenda on institutional andfunctional optimization of administration structures inthe next 7 to 10 years.

While building a modern administration system inRepublic of Moldova, the knowledge of foreignadministration systems is imperative. Thus, theprimary focus should be on studying the experienceof our neighbours, mostly Romania, a country wehave a lot in common with.


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Un exemplu de europenizare a dreptuluiadministrativ francez:

Exemplul descentralizrii n domeniulaeroportuar

Un Exemple dEuropeanisation du DroitAdministratif Franais : Lexemple de la

Decentralisation dans le Domaine AeroportuaireMarie-Luce Pavia, Universitatea Montpellier I,

Montpellier, Frana

Marie-Luce Pavia, University Montpellier I,

Montpellier, Francen urma revizuirii constituionale din anul 2003 cuprivire la descentralizare, dou legi din 13 august2004 i 20 aprilie 2005 organizeaz o reformcomplex n domeniul aeroportuar (I). Ele invit lantrebarea asupra definiiei nsi a descentralizriin acest sector.I - O organizare complex a descentralizriiaeroportuare.1. Noul rol al colectivitilor teritoriale. n primulrnd, conform legii din anul 2004, se prevd trei

soluii pentru gestionarea aerodromurilor. Statulpoate gestiona direct micile terenuri pe care se potface aero-cluburi; gestiunea poate fi delegat uneicamere de comeri industrie sau unei alte entiti;prin mutare domenial, un creator de aeroport poatedeveni pe deplin responsabil de amenajarea,dezvoltarea, gestiunea platformei pe care a devenitproprietar. n al doilea rnd, legea din anul 2005 aneles s ofere, marilor aeroporturi regionale deinteres naional, care n cea mai mare parte au maimult de 1 milion de pasageri pe an, mijloacele

necesare dezvoltrii lor pe termen lung, bazndu-sepe capacitatea de gestiune a camerelor de comeriindustrie, pe mobilizarea colectivitilor teritorialei neexcluznd posibilitatea de a face apel lainvestitori privai n caz de necesitate a uneiinvestiii majore.2. Noul rol al Statului. Datorit reglementriieuropene Cer unic care impune separaia dintreAutoritatea naional de supraveghere i prestatoriide navigaie aerian, serviciile franceze denavigaie aerian au fost reorganizate.

II- O complexitate cu repercusiuni asupradefiniei descentralizrii aeroportuare1. Referire necesar la descentralizare. Ca idoctrina juridic, Adunarea Naional definitetransferul de competene care vizeaz s oferecolectivitilor locale competene proprii, distincte

Dans le sillage de la rvision constitutionnelle de2003 sur la dcentralisation, deux lois du 13 aot2004 et du 20 avril 2005 organisent une rformecomplexe dans le domaine aroportuaire (I). Ellesinvitent donc sinterroger sur la dfinition mme dela dcentralisation dans ce secteur (II).

I) Une organisation complexe de ladcentralisation aroportuaire

1) Le nouveau rle des collectivits territoriales

En premier lieu, dans le cadre de la loi de 2004, troissolutions sont prvues pour la gestion desarodromes: ltat peut grer directement des petitsterrains o peuvent tre bass des aro-clubs; lagestion peut tre dlgue une chambre decommerce et dindustrie ou une autre entit; parmutation domaniale, un crateur daroport peutdevenir entirement responsable de lamnagement,du dveloppement, de la gestion de la plate-formedont il est devenu propritaire. En second lieu, la loi

de 2005 a entendu donner aux grands aroportsrgionaux dintrt national, dont la plupart ont plusdun million de passagers par an, les moyens de leurdveloppement long terme en sappuyant sur lacapacit de gestionnaire des chambres de commerceet dindustrie, sur la mobilisation des collectivitsterritoriales et en nexcluant pas la possibilit de faireappel des investisseurs privs en cas de ncessitdinvestissement majeur.2) Le nouveau rle de lEtat. Du fait de larglementation Ciel unique europen qui imposela sparation entre lAutorit nationale de surveillanceet les prestataires de navigation arienne, les servicesfranais de la navigation arienne ont t rorganiss.

II Une complexit qui retentit sur la dfinition dela dcentralisation aroportuaire

1) La ncessaire rfrence la dcentralisation.


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de cele ale statului...[1]. Definiia obinuit adescentralizrii nu pare suficient pentru acaracteriza modificrile semnalate n cadrullucrrii. Este deci vorba de guvernare?2. Insuficiena referirii la descentralizare.Contrar

descentralizrii, discursul juridic francez nu facereferire la noiune de guvernare [2], chiar i esteostil. Totui, descentralizarea poate trece laguvernare, fiind mai ales vorba despre sectorulaeroportuar? n domeniul aeroporturilor, izvoruljuridic al raportului dintre stat i colectivitilelocale nu este unic, acesta organizndu-se ntre opluralitate de actori. Procesul decizional nu esteliniar de sus n jos iar reforma aeroportuar serefer la organizarea teritoriului republican.

Se cuvin fcute dou remarci n chip de concluziiprovizorii:Reforma aeroportuar se bazeaz pe un dublu soclunoional: descentralizarea i guvernarea. Prima,ntr-o mai mare msur conform cu un discursetatizat al dreptului public francez, retroactiveazasupra celui de-al doilea, conform ntr-o mai maremsur cu dreptul comunitar, mai deschis pieei ndomeniul aeroporturilor, i invers.Pe larg, influena dreptului comunitar asupradreptului public francez se face resimit din ce nce mai mult, n situaia n care Consiliul de Statajunge s publice la data de 22 martie 2207 unraport cu titlul: Administraia francezi UniuneaEuropean: ce influene? Care strategii?[3]

[1]http://assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/decentralisation.asp - page1.[2]En revanche, dans le cadre de lUnion europenne, le thme de lagouvernance a donn lieu deux textes importants : le Livre blanc sur la

gouvernance europenne publi par la Commission en 2001 et le Traitconstitutionnel sign Rome en octobre 2004.[3]Cf. http.//www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-

publics/0740000224/index.shtml.

Tout comme la doctrine juridique, lAssembleNationale dfinit le transfert de comptences, qui vise donner aux collectivits locales des comptencespropres, distinctes de celles de ltat [1]. Ladfinition habituelle de la dcentralisation parat donc

insuffisante pour caractriser les modificationssignales dans notre tude. Sagit-il alors degouvernance?

2) Linsuffisance de la rfrence ladcentralisation. Contrairement la dcentralisation,le discours juridique franais ne se rfre pas

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